cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhamnus cathartica: Notes on Its Early History in North America

Abstract Rhamnus cathartica (Common Buckthorn) is a well-established invasive species in North America. We searched early records of the species to help refine this species' history in North America. This note presents strong evidence of Common Buckthorn's entry to North America prior to the 19th century and suggests it was originally imported for medicinal, not ornamental, purposes. We then briefly discuss aspects of its expansion across North America to about the mid-19th century, when it was promoted as a hedge-forming plant. Such information is useful for reconstructing Common Buckthorn's invasion history (including reasons for its success), as well as for understanding human-invasive species interactions in general.
A continuous-time global theory of visual perception

Neurophysiological data show that visual neurons possess strong transient components. It is claimed that transient properties of early visual units are essential components in visual processing. Their function is clarified by analyzing the velocity-position tradeoff. Theoretical analysis shows that, for moving images, a recurrent on-center off-surround anatomy is required to sharpen the blurred output from the retina level. Properties of such positive feedback loops are studied for sustained inputs. It is proposed that a transient reset mechanism is required to control the sharpening properties of the network for dynamic images. These results lead to a global model where transient retinal cells rapidly and briefly reset extra-retinal loops. Transient components of sustained retinal cells control the dominance of feedforward over feedback signals to the extra-retinal cells. >
Optimization of organizational knowledge transfer model

Knowledge flow model is helpful for the project manager to understand and manage knowledge flow in the life cycle of the project. The basic equation of the model is simple and easy to use. However, the knowledge flow in any project is a complex assembly of many units of the basic equation. In addition, the dynamic and non-linear characteristics of the model make it very challenge to the project manager. Careful planning and staffing at the initiation of the project and adjusting the structure of the knowledge flow are essential for the success of the project. Optimum flow structure is to put right people to right position at the right time.
Modeling manufacturing process variation for design and test

For process nodes 22nm and below, a multitude of new manufacturing solutions have been proposed to improve the yield of devices being manufactured. With these new solutions come an increasing number of defect mechanisms. There is a need to model and characterize these new defect mechanisms so that (i) ATPG patterns can be properly targeted, (ii) defects can be properly diagnosed and addressed at design or manufacturing level. This presentation reviews currently available defect modeling and test solutions and summarizes open issues faced by the industry today. It also explores the topic of creating special test structures to expose manufacturing process parameters which can be used as input to software defect models to predict die specific defect locations for better targeting of test.
Treatment of Elevated Cholesterol

As we age, cholesterol builds up in the arteries of the heart and neck, placing us at risk for heart attacks, strokes, and premature death. Treatment that lowers cholesterol in the blood has therefore become the cornerstone of prevention of future heart attack, stroke, and death, both in persons who definitely have heart disease and in those who are at risk of developing it in the future. Evidence suggests that millions of people who could benefit from cholesterollowering medicines are currently untreated. According to the American Heart Association, nearly 38 million patients in the United States would benefit from the combination of diet and drug therapy, and an additional 30 million should follow diet and exercise programs to reduce cholesterol levels. 1 Given that there are 290 million adults in the Unites States, this issue affects 1 of every 3 to 5 adults. Unfortunately, cholesterol-lowering treatment is widely underutilized because of the lack of awareness, fear of side effects, reluctance of otherwise healthy people to take medication, and cost. We hope this overview of the treatment of elevated cholesterol for patients (and persons who are not “patients”) will help ensure that all affected people will get their elevated cholesterol treated. What Is Cholesterol? Cholesterol is a fatty substance that circulates in the blood and is an important structural component of all human cells. The body obtains cholesterol through 2 methods: via the liver, which produces about 75% of cholesterol, and through food, which accounts for 25%. Cholesterol comes in several forms, notably a “good” and a “bad” cholesterol. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the “bad” cholesterol, are associated with an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. By contrast, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the “good” cholesterol, offer protection against heart attacks and strokes. (See the Cardiology Patient Page on HDL at http://circ. ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/111/5/e89. 2 ) The total cholesterol value you receive after a blood test is the sum of all types of cholesterol, as discussed in a previous Cardiology Patient Page (http://circ. ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/110/11/ e296). 3 Triglycerides are another form of circulating fatty substance that, when elevated, are also associated with heart attacks and strokes.
Hop-Count Based Techniques for Passive Target Localization in Sensor Networks

Target tracking techniques usually assume that the target is within the detection range of one or more sensor nodes at known locations, so that the target's location can be determined based on these locations. Instead, we are interested in networks where most sensor nodes do not know their location; hence, it is most likely that the target is many hops away from the closest location-known sensors. For such networks, we propose a target localization system that can estimate the target location based on hop-count information only. We evaluate the performance of this system via simulation. Index Terms—Sensor networks, target tracking, localization, location estimation, support vector machines.
Anthropometric and metabolic factors and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective cohort study of Air Force veterans

Abstract Objectives The relationship between anthropometric and metabolic factors and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is poorly understood. We investigated the associations of BPH with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in this prospective study of Vietnam War veterans. Methods A total of 1206 participants in the comparison arm of the Air Force Health Study with a median follow-up of 15.6 years were included in this study. The “Ranch Hand” group, occupationally exposed to herbicides, was excluded to eliminate any confounding from exposure to herbicides. BPH was determined by medical record review using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Problems, Ninth Revision. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models for the statistical analysis. Results The median age for BPH diagnosis was 58.6 years. On multivariate analyses, increasing age (relative risk [RR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.17), height (RR 1.02, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.03), and fasting blood glucose (RR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.007) were associated with increased risk. The effect of age varied with the duration of follow-up. A greater systolic blood pressure (RR 0.992, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.997) was associated with decreased risk of BPH. A dose-response effect was seen for age, height, and systolic blood pressure. No effect was seen for weight, body mass index, change in weight or body mass index, lipids, thyroid hormone status, or the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions The risk of BPH increased with increasing age, height, and fasting blood glucose levels. The risk was decreased with a greater systolic blood pressure. No relationship was seen between BPH and metabolic syndrome, weight, body mass index, lipid level, or thyroid hormone status.
Abstract W MP69: CHADS2 Score Predicts Stroke Related In-hospital Mortality In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis Of The California State Inpatient Database

Background: The CHADS2 score predicts stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although strokes caused by atrial fibrillation carry the highest mortality when compared to other etiologies, it is unclear whether the CHADS2 score has an impact on stroke related mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. We hypothesize that higher CHADS2 scores are associated with higher stroke related in-hospital mortality. Methods: Data were obtained from the California State Inpatient Database between 2008 and 2011, using appropriate ICD-9 codes. Frequencies and descriptive analysis adjusting for influence of comorbidities and confounders were utilized. Age and ICD-9 codes for hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and prior stroke were used to calculate the CHADS2 score of patients with atrial fibrillation. A multivariate Cox regression model adjusted for age, gender and race was used to further explore the relationship. The primary outcome was in-hospital stroke mortality. We hypothesized that h...
Brand-Related Twitter Sentiment Analysis Using Feature Engineering and the Dynamic Architecture for Artificial Neural Networks

We present an approach to brand-related Twitter sentiment analysis using feature engineering and the Dynamic Architecture for Artificial Neural Networks (DAN2). The approach addresses challenges associated with the unique characteristics of the Twitter language, and the recall of mild sentiment expressions that are of interest to brand management practitioners. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on a Starbucks brand-related Twitter data set. The feature engineering produced a final tweet feature representation consisting of only seven dimensions, with greater feature density. Two sets of experiments were conducted in three-class and five-class tweet sentiment classification. We compare the proposed approach to the performances of two state-of-the-art Twitter sentiment analysis systems from the academic and commercial domains. The results indicate that the approach outperforms these state-of-the-art systems in both three-class and five-class tweet sentiment classification by wide margins, with classification accuracies above 80% and excellent recall of mild sentiment tweets.
Covariant and Contravariant Vectors

(1971). Covariant and Contravariant Vectors. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 5-8.
The Boltzmann Equation in Bounded Domains

Boundary effects play a crucial role in the dynamics of gases governed by the Boltzmann equation
Big Data and its impact on agriculture

This Viewpoint article discusses the roles the Big Data phenomenon may play in key issues related to agriculture, food production, and environment
Social Dimensions of Technology-Mediated Sight

Users of wearable vision technology, such as eSight assistive eyewear, have a distinct relationship with sight influenced by personal, social, and cultural perceptions and practices. In order to better understand the ways in which vision is socially constructed through technology-mediated sight, we conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 13 users of eSight glasses. Our interviews focused on eliciting narratives about eSight use from initial introduction of the technology to current daily practices. Emerging findings describe ways in which technology-mediated vision is experienced in relation to (1) adaptive practices, (2) social participation, (3) experiences of space, and (4) opportunities for choice and self-determination.
Using MC plots for control of paracetamol crystallization

Abstract We apply the mass-count framework to understand and control batch cooling crystallization of paracetamol from ethanol. The aim is twofold: (1) to examine the crystallization/dissolution dynamics for this commonly studied system from the mass-count perspective and (2) to test the generality of the framework for establishing crystal size control. Toward the first aim, we gathered experimental results that reveal the dynamics of paracetamol crystallization and dissolution under different temperature profiles. In most situations, the observed dynamics align with expectations and can be interpreted as straightforward crystallization or dissolution. In some cases, however, the experimental results show dynamics that are complex and do not find clear mechanistic interpretation. Nevertheless, in gathering the experimental results we can characterize the dynamics directly in terms of the expected movement in MC space. Such a characterization is useful for establishing control. Toward the second aim, we employed the mass-count framework to develop feedback policies for controlling the mean crystal size. Here we find that, despite the noted complexities, the general control methodology is flexible. Experimental results confirm control over the mean crystal size for three test runs.
Knowledge and Value: Their Distinction and Relationship in Clarifying Social Work Practice

Certain philosophical concepts are basic to the practice of social work, namely: 1. The individual is the primary con cern of this society. 2. There is interdependence between individuals in this society. 3. They have social responsibility for one another. 4. There are human needs common to each person, yet each person is essentially unique and different from others. 5. An essential attribute of a demo cratic society is the realization of the full potential of each individual and the as sumption of his social responsibility
Synthesis, characterization of new carboxylic acid derivatives bearing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety and study their liquid crystalline behaviors

Thirteen carboxylic acid derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring in their core and swinging alkoxy terminal were synthesized. They were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, and ma...
Hemangiopericytoma of the meninges. Mayo Clinic experience.

A study of 26 emangiopericytomas of the meninges revealed that the histologic appearance—including ultrastructural features—was similar to that of hemangiopericytomas of soft tissues. Both sexes were affected, and occurrence was most frequent in the adult years, with no symptoms specific for the lesions. The lesions were characterized by an aggressive course, with recurrence in 80% of the patients, and metastases in 23%; thus, the importance of recognizing the lesion pathologically is emphasized.
Customizable FPGA OpenCL matrix multiply design template for deep neural networks

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have gained popularity for their state-of-the-art accuracy and relative ease of use. DNNs rely on a growing variety of matrix multiply operations (i.e., dense to sparse, FP32 to N-bit). We propose an OpenCL-based matrix multiply design template, which enables automated design exploration to generate optimized FPGA matrix accelerators for DNN applications. Given the desired matrix operations (e.g., sparsity, data types), our template rapidly produces performance and area estimates for a variety of design variants and/or FPGA platforms. Upon identifying compelling design points and target platforms, FPGA implementations can then be generated automatically using the Intel® OpenCL™ FPGA SDK. We show the effectiveness of the template with a comparison to hand-tuned RTL, a design space exploration, and a DNN case study.
Effects of crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization on soil nitrate concentration and corn yield

Increasing concerns about cost and environmental impacts of N fertilization require a better assessment of long-term effects of cropping sequences and N fertilization on corn {Zea mays L.) yield. The objective of this study was to analyze effects of cropping sequences and N fertilization on yield and yield stability of corn in two Iowa long-term rotation experiments. The experiments were near Kanawha (20 yrs) and Nashua (26 yrs). The N fertilization rates were 0, 90, 180, 270 kg N ha"1 applied only for corn. Rotations in Kanawha were continuous corn with spring N (Csp), continuous corn with fall N (Cfl), corncorn-corn-oat (Avena sativa L.), corn-soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.], corn-soybean-cornoat, corncorn-oat-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa. Rotations in Nashua were continuous corn (C), corn-soybean, corn-corn-soybean, corn-corn-cornsoybean, and corn-corn-oat-alfalfa. Corn yield was higher and yield response to N was lower in the order corn after alfalfa > after soybean or oat undersown with alfalfa, and after alfalfa. There were no significant differences between response to N of continuous corn and secondor third-year corn after soybean. On average, N rates producing maximum observed net returns ranged from 270 kg N ha"1 for corn after corn to zero N for com after alfalfa. At Kanawha, Csp yielded 8.7% more than Cfl on average across N rates, and the highest N rate used did not achieve the maximum yield of continuous com with spring N. Corn yield across
Current standing and future directions in pediatric oncofertility: a narrative review

In this narrative review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of infertility in childhood and adolescent cancer. We also review the current guidelines and ethical issues related to pediatric oncofertility. Finally, we present recent advances in basic science and translational research in pediatric fertility preservation (FP).
Physiologic Predictors of Transfusion Need in the Intensive Care Unit

Transfusion of blood products plays a major role in optimizing oxygen delivery to tissues. In the 1990s, we have gained a better understanding of the risks and benefits of blood component therapy in critically ill patients. While we are better able to reduce the transmission of viral disease through donor screening and blood testing, we have learned that blood transfusion has significant effects on immune function and may increase risks of tumor recurrence and perioperative bacterial infections.
Spatial Aspects of Marriage Patterns as Influenced by Marketing Behavior in West Central Taiwan

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the spatial aspects of marriage patterns as influenced by marketing behavior in west central Taiwan. Most of the social and cultural concomitants of marketing communities for the mainland were found to be absent in the field area. This is in part a consequence of the existence of modern trading systems on Taiwan but also reflects the efficient sub-Hsien administrative system inherited from the Japanese and the island's history as a recent frontier area. Marriages, however, still occur for the same reasons and in much the same way as they did on the mainland. Not only are marriage patterns indicative of other patterns of social relationships, but they are hypothesized to be dependent on marketing under both traditional and modern conditions so that the demonstration of a causative relationship in the field area can be taken as strong support for the same relationship on the mainland.
Release of EDRF and NO in ex vivo perfused aorta: inhibition by in vivo E. coli endotoxemia

Previous studies have yielded contradictory results about interrelations between endotoxin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). We tested the hypothesis that in vivo endotoxemia inhibits basal and/or agonist-mediated release of EDRF and nitric oxide (NO). EDRF bioactivity, NO production, and NO synthase (NOS) activity were measured in aorta from guinea pigs following 16 h of Escherichia coli endotoxemia (4 mg/kg endotoxin i.p.). Endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings was studied under standard isometric conditions. Endotoxemia resulted in an 89% reduction in basal EDRF bioactivity and a 62% reduction in basal NO production in perfused aorta. EDRF bioactivity and NO production in response to the receptor-dependent agonists acetylcholine and ADP were significantly reduced in perfused aorta from endotoxemic animals. In contrast, endotoxin did not significantly inhibit EDRF bioactivity and NO production by the receptor-independent agonist A-23187. Aortic rings from endotoxemic animals likewise showed decreased vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and ADP but not to A-23187. Inducible (Ca2+ independent) NOS activity was not significantly different in control and endotoxin-treated animals. These findings indicate that prolonged endotoxemia resulted in diminution of release of EDRF, consistent with the interpretation that endotoxemia decreases basal and agonist-stimulated EDRF bioactivity and NO production with loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilator reserves during gram-negative sepsis.
The European Rabbit Genome

The rabbit genome was chosen to be sequenced to low coverage (twofold) in an effort to annotate the human genome using 24 low coverage mammalian genomes. The European rabbit was among a first group of eight mammals selected for this sequencing effort for identification of conserved and functional elements in the human genome. The individual chosen to be sequenced was a female inbred Thorbecke New Zealand White rabbit. The rabbit's twofold assembly was completed in 2005, yielding an N50 contig size of 3.3 kb and an N50 scaffold size of 55 kb.
THE ROLE OF NA+ AND K+ ON α-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID TRANSPORT IN STRIATED MUSCLE+

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the interrelationships between the Na+ pump in striated muscle and the amino acid transport system involved in α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) penetration. The isoosmotic replacement of sodium by choline markedly depresses the basal penetration of AIB in both the intact and cut rat diaphragms and abolishes the insulin response. The AIB concentration gradient, which the transport system is capable of maintaining in diaphragm muscle, appears to be related directly to the extracellular [Na+]. AIB transport in both the intact rat diaphragm and an isolated lymph node cell preparation can be described in terms of Michaelis–Menton kinetics. The rate-limiting event in AIB influx is represented by the binding of AIB to the carrier, and sodium affects this complex formation. The relation of the Na+ pump in muscle to Na+-dependent amino acid transport does not appear to be one in which the systems are either stoichiometrically linked or share a common carrier.
Boosting Cholinergic Activity in Gustatory Cortex Enhances the Salience of a Familiar Conditioned Stimulus in Taste Aversion Learning

The cholinergic system is important for learning, memory and responses to novel stimuli. Exposure to novel, but not familiar, tastes increases extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels in insular cortex (IC). To further examine whether cholinergic activation is a critical signal of taste novelty the present studies infused carbachol, a direct cholinergic agonist, into IC prior to conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training with a familiar taste. By mimicking the cholinergic activation generated by novel taste exposure, it was hypothesized that a familiar taste would be treated as “novel”, and therefore a salient target for aversion learning. As predicted, rats infused with the agonist were able to acquire CTAs to familiar saccharin. Effects of carbachol infusion on patterns of neuronal activation during CS-US pairing were assessed using Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI). Familiar taste-illness pairing following carbachol, but not vehicle, induced significant elevations of FLI in amygdala, a region with reciprocal connections to IC that is also important for CTA learning. These results support the view that IC ACh activity provides a critical signal of taste novelty which facilitates CTA acquisition.
Late Effects Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant with Busulfan-Based Preparative Regimen in Fanconi Anemia

Introduction Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in Fanconi Anemia (FA) have markedly improved with use of low dose cyclophosphamide and fludarabine and the advent of T-cell depleted donor grafts. Most recently, use of busulfan with radiation-free conditioning has demonstrated excellent results. While long-term survival has improved, little is known regarding late effects in individuals with FA transplanted using a busulfan containing regimen. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data on 47 subjects with FA who underwent HSCT at our center between June 2009 and June 2017 using a busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin regimen with T-cell depleted graft (Figure 1). Forty-five subjects who survived ≥1 year post-HSCT were included in the analysis. Results Our cohort has 25 females and 20 males with median age at HSCT of 7 years (range, 4-18). Indication for transplant was severe aplastic anemia in 80% (n=36), and myelodysplastic syndrome in 20% (n=9). Median follow-up was 4 years (range, 1- 8). One subject died 2.5 years after transplant of liver disease, the remainder are surviving. There was no late graft failure. One subject developed EBV-associated PTLD 2.5 months post-HSCT, successfully managed with anti-viral T-cells. There were no other secondary malignancies. Two subjects were diagnosed with chronic GVHD (GI, lung), one at 2 years and one at 7 months post-HSCT, respectively, with 93% of patients (n=42) free of GVHD. Endocrine abnormalities were frequent, with 52% of subjects diagnosed as hypothyroid. One subject developed insulin dependence during transplant and continues on this therapy 8 years later. Bone density was normal in 87% (n=33/38) with median adjusted Z score of 0.55. Gonadal function was normal in 60% of females, with 33% and 7% with POI and partial hypogonadism respectively (n=15, median age 11.6 years). Gonadal function was normal in 86% of males with 7% and 7% with hypergonadotropism and precocious puberty respectively (n=14, median age 12 years). Hypertension was seen in 9% (n=4/44). Pulmonary complications included 2 patients with a restrictive defect noted on pulmonary function testing (PFT). Cardiac function was normal in 96% with 2 individuals demonstrating mild left ventricular dysfunction, one of whom has increased cardiac iron. Depression, anxiety and chronic headaches were noted in 3, 3, and 2 subjects respectively. Conclusions Our cohort received a busulfan-based preparative regimen, evaluated at 1 to 8 years post-transplant, and demonstrates low rates of graft rejection, post-transplant malignancy and GVHD. While endocrine abnormalities remain common, pulmonary and cardiac complications were rare. Ongoing longitudinal analysis beyond the 10 year mark will be important to further characterize this cohort and the success of recent alterations to their preparative regimen.
Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson at LEP

Preliminary results from the four LEP experiments using data collected at 189 GeV have shown no evidence for the Standard Model Higgs boson. The preliminary 95% confidence level lower limits on the SM Higgs boson mass from ALEPH, DELPHI, OPAL, and L3 are 90.4 GeV, 94.1 GeV, 95.5 GeV, and 95.2 GeV, respectively. When LEP finishes in the year 2000, each experiment expects to collect 200 pb-1 of data at 200 GeV. These data will allow the discovery of the SM Higgs boson with a mass lower than about 105 GeV. Assuming that no new evidence for the SM Higgs boson is found, the mass exclusion limit would be approximately 110 GeV.
Evaluating ferrocene ions and all-ferrocene salts for electrochemical applications

Abstract The success of applications such as redox flow battery (RFB) technologies is highly dependent on the development of new molecular strategies, and much work has focused on the chemistry of ferrocene compounds as RFB components. This report presents four “all-ferrocene” salts comprised of ferrocene anions and cations and evaluates their solubility and electrochemical properties. The four salts are formed via metathesis reactions employing the (ferrocenemethyl)trimethylammonium cation and mono and bis sulfonate or carboxylate ferrocene anions. We observed that the potentials of the ferrocene components was not only dependent on the substituent, but also on the solvent medium. In particular, the sulfonate and carboxylate ferrocene anions exhibited significant shifts in redox potential between water, propylene carbonate (PC), and DMF. Most notably, in (ferrocenemethyl)trimethylammonium 1,1′-bis(sulfonato)ferrocene, the potentials of the cation and anion reverse, with the anion having a lower potential in aqueous solution and a more positive potential in organic media.
Surveying Precarious Publics

This essay assumes that the design and use of surveys is a fundamentally rhetorical act. It provides suggestions for employing and designing health-related surveys intended for research participants who might be characterized as inhabiting one or more precarious positionalities. We use “precarious positionality” to signal when research participants self-identify as one or more of the following: a racial and/or linguistic minority, economically disadvantaged, disabled, former or current drug user, undocumented, un(der)educated, oppressed, sexualized, disenfranchised, criminalized,and/or colonized. Drawing on the research team’s experiences with piloting what we hope will eventually become a nationwide survey, the essay describes how to avoid several survey-designpitfalls; it also makes recommendations for how to improve survey-based health research that enrolls participants who inhabit one or more precarious positionalities. Our recommendations attend to rhetorical complexities related to survey ethics, inclusion criteria, privacy, stigmatized and misleading language, variations in discursive repertoires, accessibility, and liability.
Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the End of the Second Millennium.VI. Staphylinine Group (Part 3)Staphylininae: Staphylinini (Quediina, Staphylinina, Tanygnathinina, Xanthopygina), XantholininiStaphylinidae Incertae SedisFossils, Protactinae†

This catalog (published in seven parts, all released on the same day) is based on only the published literature for the Staphylinidae. Of the 32 subfamilies, the following 28 are included herein: Apateticinae, Dasycerinae, Empelinae, Euaesthetinae, Glypholomatinae, Habrocerinae, Leptotyphlinae, Megalopsidiinae, Micropeplinae, Microsilphinae, Neophoninae, Olisthaerinae, Omaliinae, Osoriinae, Oxyporinae, Oxytelinae, Phloeocharinae, Piestinae, Protactinae†, Proteininae, Protopselaphinae, Pseudopsinae, Solieriinae, Staphylininae, Steninae, Tachyporinae, Trichophyinae, and Trigonurinae. The Aleocharinae, Paederinae, Pselphinae, and Scaphidiinae are excluded from this edition of the catalog. References to the original citation or description are given for available family-group, genus-group, and species-group names of both extant and extinct forms. The type genus is cited for each family-group name, the type species for each genus-group name, and the type locality for each species-group name. Where appropriate, all subgenera, subspecies, or synonyms are listed for each valid name. Annotated subsequent references are presented for all names. Distributional summaries are given for each valid taxon. Full bibliographic citations are in Part VII. A short historical review, coauthored with Ales Smetana, follows the Introduction (Part I), with the main focus on biographical sketches that include many photographs. The goal of this catalog is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the family and to stimulate worldwide monographic studies.
Sal: ¿Debo recortar su consumo?

This is the spanish version of FSHN 18-9/FS312: Salt: Shoud I Cut Back? La sal alimentaria esta compuesta de sodio y cloruro, dos minerales esenciales necesarios para una buena salud. El sodio es muy importante para nuestro cuerpo para mantener el equilibrio de liquidos, el volumen de sangre y la presion arterial. Sin embargo, muchas personas consumen mas sodio en la dieta (de la sal) que lo que se necesita. La disminucion de sodio en la dieta ha recibido mucha atencion en los ultimos anos debido a la asociacion del alto consumo de sodio en la dieta con hipertension (presion arterial alta) y enfermedad cardiovascular. Esta publicacion explora los efectos en la salud de la ingesta excesiva de sodio y las formas de disminuir la ingesta de este mineral.
How Identity Politics Polarizes Rule of Law Opinions

Popular support for the rule of law supplies political systems a basic ingredient required to function effectively, yet increasing tribalization and polarization in American politics may undermine this fundamental concept. Harkening back to Aristotelean concerns about influences that corrupt the rule of law, I argue that support for the concept stems in part from the intersection of legal policy and group identity in the political system. Using original survey experiments administered to representative and convenience samples, I find that the institutional legitimacy of the Supreme Court depends upon the groups that benefit from a ruling. I also find that the public’s acceptance of decisions is conditioned on group considerations. These findings raise basic questions about the health of the rule of law in the U.S. today.
Toward a Deeper Understanding of Gun Violence

Since the National Rifle Association’s statement that physicians should “stay in [our] lane” and avoid talking about gun violence, many doctors have been stirred to speak up. Using the hashtag “#thisisourlane,” doctors have publicly shared photographs of blood-stained scrubs and shoes, documenting our first-hand encounters with the tragedy of gun violence. We both spend part of our professional lives teaching other physicians and public health professionals about gun violence. One of our goals is to help doctors move beyond statistics and individual stories and toward a deeper understanding of the issues. Given that gun violence is the second leading cause of death of children and adolescents in the United States, accounting for 15% of all child deaths nationwide,1 pediatricians must join the public debate. Here, we discuss 3 concepts that help explain why we have the highest levels of gun violence among high-income countries2 and how we might begin fixing the problem. These 3 concepts can make pediatricians wanting to reduce gun violence more informed, effective advocates. When people are exposed to a gun, or even the image of a gun, some appear to act more aggressively, which is a phenomenon known as “the weapons effect.” An early demonstration of this, in 1967, placed research subjects around 2 different tables: on one table was badminton equipment, and on the other table were guns. The subjects were told that the objects had been left over from another experiment and that they should be ignored. Then the … Address correspondence to Nancy A. Dodson, MD, MPH, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY 10467. E-mail: ndodson{at}montefiore.org
Styrene-Butadiene Rubber by Miniemulsion Polymerization Using In Situ Generated Surfactant.

An alternative approach for the synthesis of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) copolymer latexes was explored in order to obtain low gel fractions and high solid contents. The ultra-turrax-assisted miniemulsion stabilized by in situ surfactant generation was adopted as the main strategy since this technique can inhibit the eventual presence of secondary nucleation producing polybutadiene particles and also control the cross-linking degree. Styrene monomer was first miniemulsified using an ultra-turrax and in situ generated surfactant using either hexadecane (HD) or octadecyl acrylate (ODA) as the hydrophobe. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of droplet size indicated faster stabilization and the production of smaller droplet diameters ca. 190 nm (PdI = 0.08) when employing in situ generated potassium oleate (K-Oleate) in comparison to SDS-based miniemulsions. High butadiene-level SBR latexes with ca. 50% solids content, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −52 °C, and a butadiene to styrene weight ratio of 75:25, were then obtained using the miniemulsion droplets as seeds. Turbiscan and DLS measurements revealed a very stable resulting latex with SBR particle diameter of ca. 220 nm and a low polydispersity index (PdI). Secondary nucleation was prevented as indicated by the low Np/Nd value. Cryo-TEM images showed a narrow distribution of particle size as well as the absence of agglomeration. The gel content was below 10% when tert-dodecyl mercaptan (t-DM) was used as chain transfer agent (CTA).
Vitamin C levels amongst initial survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest.

Abstract Introduction Vitamin C deficiency has been described in patients with sepsis. The post-cardiac arrest syndrome shares similarities to sepsis, however vitamin C levels in post-arrest patients have been incompletely characterized. We assessed vitamin C levels in a post-arrest population. Methods This was a retrospective observational study at a tertiary care center. A convenience sample of post-arrest, sepsis, and healthy control patients was selected from prior studies. Vitamin C levels were measured from samples obtained within 6-h of emergency department admission. A subset of cardiac arrest patients had vitamin C levels additionally measured 24-h later. Results A total of 84 patients (34 healthy controls, 25 post-arrest, and 25 septic patients) were included. The median baseline vitamin C level in cardiac arrest patients was 0.33 mg/dL (0.05–0.83), as compared to 0.91 mg/dL (0.69–1.48) in the healthy control group (p Conclusions Serum vitamin C levels were lower in post-arrest patients compared to controls and were similar to patients with sepsis. Future studies of vitamin C levels and supplementation following cardiac arrest may be warranted.
The Old Bailey and OCR: Benchmarking AWS, Azure, and GCP with 180,000 Page Images

The Proceedings of the Old Bailey is a corpus of over 180,000 page images of court records printed from April 1674 to April 1913 and presents a comprehensive challenge for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) services. The Old Bailey is an ideal benchmark for historical document OCR, representing more than two centuries of variations in documents, including spellings, formats, and printing and preservation qualities. In addition to its historical and sociological significance, the Old Bailey is filled with imperfections that reflect the reality of coping with large-scale historical data. Most importantly, the Old Bailey contains human transcriptions for each page, which can be used to help measure OCR accuracy. Since humans do make mistakes in transcriptions, the relative performance of OCR services will be more informative than their absolute performance. This paper compares three leading commercial OCR cloud services: Amazon Web Services's Textract (AWS); Microsoft Azure's Cognitive Services (Azure); and Google Cloud Platform's Vision (GCP). Benchmarking involved downloading over 180,000 images, executing the OCR, and measuring the error rate of the OCR text against the human transcriptions. Our results found that AWS had the lowest median error rate, Azure had the lowest median round trip time, and GCP had the best combination of a low error rate and a low duration.
Fever in the ICU: A Predictor of Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients.

Purpose:While fever may be a presenting symptom of COVID-19, fever at hospital admission has not been identified as a predictor of mortality. However, hyperthermia during critical illness among ven...
Are We Prepared? Recommendations for Couple and Family Therapists Engaging with Young Generations on Social Media

Social media is a salient aspect of most people’s lives in the United States. Younger generations (e.g., Gen Z) are among some of the most likely to engage with social media and have mental health concerns. Mental health providers are beginning to use social media to engage with prospective clients. However, there is a lack of guidance on how to maximize the utility of social media engagement for couple and family therapists (CFTs). This paper reviews the current literature on therapists’ professional presence on social media and younger generations’ expectations around social media competency. Recommendations for how CFTs can effectively engage with younger generations through social media are provided. A discussion of professionalism, accessibility, demonstrating aligned values, branding CFT, and gaining a reputation of cost effectiveness are emphasized. Future directions for studying the phenomenon of therapists using social media to engage with an online audience are included.
Building community knowledge, resilience and resistance through research

Skyrocketing housing costs in the U.S. have fueled research on gentrification, displacement, and neighborhood change, addressing how development processes impact low-income and working-class neighborhoods. Scholars have pointed to the importance of community-based knowledge in understanding the impact of gentrification at the neighborhood level (Chapple, Loukaitou-Sideris, Gonzalez, et al. 2017a; Chapple, Loukaitou-Sideris, Waddell, et al., 2017b) as well as how spatial knowledge informs organizing and activism of community-based organizations (Maharawal & McElroy, Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 108(2):380–389, 2018; Fields, Journal of Urban Affairs, 37(2):144–165, 2015; Elwood 2006a, The Professional Geographer, 58(2):197–208, 2006b). Despite the increasing research, less has centered on the knowledge of community organizers and residents in gentrifying neighborhoods and how community-driven mapping contributes to understanding of neighborhood level change from gentrification. This article presents a case study of community-driven research, analysis, and organizing of the Northeast Los Angeles Alliance (NELAA) a community-based member collective organization in Northeast Los Angeles with support of its academic partner Occidental College. The case study illustrates how community-driven research tied to organizing in the form of “countermapping” challenges the dominant practice and narrative of top-down property-centered development (Mahawaral and McElroy 2018). Further, the case study illustrates new ways to incorporate community knowledge into understanding of gentrification, displacement, and neighborhood change by: (1) introducing community-based collectives as particular types of community-based organizations utilizing community mapping and GIS; and, (2) illustrating detailed changes at the block and neighborhood levels by recognizing community-driven research and mapping as a source of in-depth and spatially specific historical knowledge and community vision.
Storia dell’Italia contemporanea, 1943–2019: by Umberto Gentiloni Silveri, Bologna, Il Mulino, Le vie delle civiltà, 2019, 393 pp., €27 (soft cover), ISBN: 9788815280893

The first thing to be said about this book is that it required a different cover. Mulino, normally so inventive, has presented Umberto Gentiloni Silveri’s thought-provoking book with a somewhat hac...
Business Insight from Collection of Unstructured Formatted Documents with IBM Content Harvester

In this paper, we report the development and experiments of IBM Content Harvester (CH), a tool to analyze and recover templates and content from word processor created text documents. CH is part of a bigger effort to collect and reuse material generated in business service engagements. Specifically, it works on unstructured formatted documents and works by extracting content, cleansing off sensitive information, tagging it based on user-defined or domain-defined labels, and making it available for publishing in any open format and flexible querying. As a result, one can search for specific information based on tags, aggregate information regardless of document source or formatting peculiarities and publish the content in any format or template. CH has been applied to a broad variety of document collections containing hundreds of documents, including live engagements, to promising effect.
Como ser yo mismo, ser como los demás y sentirme reconocido en mi ser distinto: el reto de la nueva ciudadanía

Como ser yo mismo, ser como los demas y sentirme reconocido en mi ser distinto: el reto de la nueva ciudadania
Are Stem Cell Niches Shared for Skin Cancers

Demonstrating the link between normal tissue stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tracing the origins of cancer at the very earliest stages is now a key goal in the treatment of many types of cancer. Linking tumors back to the precise cell of origin has strong implications for our view of tumors and how to treat them. Normal tissue stem cells are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation, the integration of which is essential to tissue maintenance and function. Stem cells may cycle between quiescence or proliferation and self-renewal according to the natural rhythms of the tissue or following various external stimuli (e.g. tissue injury). Neighboring cells and extracellular matrix play a supporting role in maintaining stem cell identity and this microenvironment, or niche, may regulate the transition between stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Interestingly, the stem cell origin model of cancer predicts that cancer stem cells retain certain properties of the tissue stem cell, including unlimited self-renewal, the production of many daughter cells that make up the tumor bulk (i.e. CSCs are very rare within the tumor), cycling through quiescence and active cell division depending on changes in the tumor microenvironment, and creation of new niches during the metastatic process.
Scattering from a bound target in the Faddeev approach: (I). Neutron scattering from protons in heavy hydrocarbons in the eV region☆

Abstract We consider the Faddeev approach to the scattering of a projectile from a target bound to a residual core under the assumptions that the projectile-target and target-core forces are separable, that the projectile and core do not interact, and that the core is infinitely heavy. As a first application of our formalism we calculate the scattering of neutrons from the protons in hydrocarbon molecules, the so-called chemical binding problem. Upon solving the Faddeev equations by inversion for this situation, we find that the impulse approximation, the driving term in the Faddeev equations, describes the exact scattering to within ≦ 0.45%. Further we examine the energy region where molecular dissociation is possible and find that the bound-final-state and molecular breakup cross sections balance to give the experimentally observed asymptotically constant cross section σfreenp.
Trade Sizing Techniques for Drawdown and Tail Risk Control

This article introduces three algorithms for trade sizing with the objective of controlling tail risk or maximum drawdown when applied to a trading strategy. The first algorithm relies on historical volatility estimates while the second uses tail risk estimates obtained by applying Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to estimate Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR); the third algorithm also uses Extreme Value Theory applied to the drawdown distribution to compute the Conditional Drawdown at Risk (CDaR). These algorithms are applied to 10 years of daily returns from a trend following strategy trading the EURUSD and NZDMXN currency pairs. In each case, the performance of the algorithms is analysed in detail and compared to the original strategy. The ability of these algorithms in terms of tail risk and drawdown control is evaluated. The techniques presented in the article are readily applicable by investment managers to compute adequate trade size while maintaining a constant level of tail risk or limiting maximum drawdown to a chosen value.
D-cycloserine combined with cue exposure therapy fails to attenuate subjective and physiological craving in cocaine dependence

Background Based on preclinical studies showing that the partial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) facilitates extinction of cocaine self-administration and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, we evaluated whether 50 mg of DCS would reduce craving to cocaine cues when combined with cue exposure (CE) in cocaine dependent humans.