cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUMMARY—Beyond the Brilovian Critique: Traditional vs. Organic Intellectuals in Critical Accounting Research

The paper by Tony Tinker, the comments of Abe Briloff and those of Sikka and Willmott, and the reply by Tinker and Carter comprise an experiment by Accounting and the Public Interest to facilitate debate about public interest accounting and the forms of scholarship that might be appropriate to it. Of course, not all experiments are a grand success, but most provide some insights (even if only the rationalizations for their failures) that make having done them worthwhile. My assignment is to draw some implications of this exchange for public interest accounting scholarship. The implications I see are quite obviously my own, drawn from the refraction of the papers through my particular presumptions and biases. Tinker’s paper and the accompanying comments were prepared before the events of recent months, which include: the demise of Andersen as a “public accounting firm”; the bankruptcies of Enron and WorldCom; the arrests of WorldCom’s CFO Scott Sullivan, ImClone’s Samuel Waksal, and Adelphia’s John Rigas and sons; the criminal investigations of AOL, Computer Associates, Enron, Global Crossing, and Qwest; the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; and the resignations from the three top jobs of public oversight of the financial reporting system. This gives me a real advantage. At no time in my 30-year career as accounting student and academic has there been a context providing a better opportunity for such a debate to have an effect on the U.S. accounting academy and the place of public interest scholarship within it. Tinker’s initial paper, “Beyond the Brilovian Critique: Traditional vs. Organic Intellectuals in Critical Accounting Research,” is a timely and significant contribution to the public interest accounting literature. Certainly Briloff has been the most notable and admirable of our kind for his analyses of the shortcomings of “The Profession.” But if we look at the history of the profession in the U.S., there is reason to be pessimistic that it will ever be a profession in the Durkheimian functionalist sense of being an activity that is truly crucial to human welfare. The profession has always had to be goaded and cajoled into acting as if it wasn’t singularly concerned with the narrow economic interests of its members. Its history is closely tied to the history of the speculative bubbles the U.S. has experienced. It was born of the Gilded Age when the Progressive movement, symbolized by Teddy Roosevelt, advocated the creation of a public accounting profession to facilitate ameliorating the excesses of the Trusts. The profession’s role was conceived as a regulatory one, that is, to ensure transparency so that faith in the regulatory apparatus of market discipline would be restored. Forgetting that the “free market” is “the most elaborately constructed and regulated social
Abstract #LB-288: Regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mammary tumor bearing mice

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO The growth of orthrotopic 4T1 mammary tumors, results in the proliferation of MDSCs, predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), but also in the spleen, lungs, liver tumor and metastases. This results in a significant increase in the number of MDSCs in these tissues. The increase in numbers is associated with in situ proliferation and also trafficking from the marrow to secondary sites, with preferential homing to the primary tumor and pulmonary metastases. Despite the high frequency of MDSCs in the PB of mice bearing large 4T1 tumors, they rapidly leave the circulation, trafficking primarily to the tumor, lungs, spleen and liver. Circulating MDSCs, arrest initially in the lungs and then traffic predominantly to tumors and metastases, as well spleen and liver. Despite the predominant proliferation of MDSCs in the BM and liver, the majority of MDSCs, on the basis of absolute numbers are found in the spleen, tumor, and PB, suggesting differential arrest and survival vs proliferation. Therapeutic administration of the cycloxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor, celecoxib (160 mg/kg/day) or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib (40 mg/kg) have significant immunoregulatory and therapeutic activity. A comparison of these activities between has revealed significantly greater activity by sunitinib, resulting in slower tumor growth and significantly decreased MDSC infiltration of tumors, as well as, absolute numbers in the spleen, PB and tumor. Sunitinib has been found to significantly reduce the frequency of tumor infiltrating non-parenchymal cells (NPCs), enriched by density gradient separation following collagenase-DNase digestion. The NPCs in tumors, as well as leukocytes in the PB and spleens also have a significant depression in the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and a significant increase in the % of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25Br) as compared to spleen cells of non-tumor bearing mice. Sunitinib administration normalizes the number and mitogenic responses of splenic T-cells in tumor bearing mice. Tumor infiltrating NPCs, of 4T1 tumor bearing mice, have significantly higher transcript levels of cytokines, growth factors and enzymes including G-CSF, ARG-1, NOS-2, and VEGF-A as compare to spleen cells from tumor bearing and wildtype mice. Our results support a tumor associated increase in the medullary and extramedullary proliferation of MDSCs during tumor progression, in association with a depression in T cell numbers and function that can be partially controlled by celecoxib and near normalization by sunitinib administration resulting in therapeutic activity and prolongation of the median survival time. Supported in part by funding from NIH grant 5 RO1 AT001739, Eppley Cancer Center and Nebraska DHHS LB506. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-288.
Les réacteurs à haute température de nouvelle génération : les options et leurs motivations

Depuis quelques annees, les reacteurs a haute temperature suscitent un regain d'interet dans plusieurs pays et se positionnent pour des puissances inferieures a 600 MWth afin de tirer parti de leurs caracteristiques de surete passive. L'article rappelle les specificites physiques communes des reacteurs a haute temperature liees au combustible a particules enrobees, au moderateur en graphite et au refrigerant helium. Il decrit les trois principaux modeles industriels en cours d'etude a savoir le PBMR sud africain, le GT-MHR issu d'une collaboration US-Russie-France- Japon et le GTHTR japonais developpe par JAERI. Les grandes options de surete adoptees par ces modeles sont egalement rappelees.
Electron spin resonance in antiferro-quadrupolar-ordered CeB6

CeB${}_{6}$ is a cubic heavy-fermion compound with a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ ground quartet for which an ESR signal was observed. All other Ce or Yb compounds displaying an ESR signal have strong magnetic anisotropy and ferromagnetic correlations among the spins. The role of the ferromagnetic correlations is to narrow the resonance width rendering the signal observable. In CeB${}_{6}$ the orbital content of the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ quartet gives rise to an antiferro-quadrupolar-ordered phase below 4 K. Single ions with a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ ground multiplet are expected to display four transitions, however, only one has been observed. The following questions are addressed in this paper: (1) why is only one transition seen, (2) why is this transition observed if the Kondo temperature is comparable to the linewidth and the resonance frequency, and (3) are there ferromagnetic correlations between the Ce ions? The answer to these questions is associated with the antiferro-quadrupolar order. While for other Ce and Yb compounds with ESR signal it is difficult to distinguish if the resonance is due to localized spins or conducting heavy electron spins, an itinerant picture within the antiferro-quadrupolar phase is necessary for CeB${}_{6}$.
Estimation of blood oxygen content using context-aware filtering

In this paper we address the problem of estimating the blood oxygen concentration in children during surgery. Currently, the oxygen content can only be measured through invasive means such as drawing blood from the patient. In this work, we attempt to perform estimation by only using other non-invasive measurements (e.g., fraction of oxygen in inspired air, volume of inspired air) collected during surgery. Although models mapping these measurements to blood oxygen content contain multiple parameters that vary widely across patients, the non-invasive measurements can be used to provide binary information about whether the oxygen concentration is rising or dropping. This information can then be incorporated in a context-aware filter that is used to combine regular continuous measurements with discrete detection events in order to improve estimation. We evaluate the filter using real- patient data collected over the last decade at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and show that it is a promising approach for the estimation of unobservable physiological variables.
Hepatotoxicity of Copper, Iron, Cadmium, and Arsenic

This is an update of Goering, P.L., Barber, D.S. (2010). Hepatotoxicity of Copper, Iron, Cadmium, and Arsenic, Comprehensive Toxicology, 2nd edn, vol. 9, pp. 501–526, ISBN 978-0-08-046884-6, 10.1016/B978-0-08-046884-6.01022-8.
From the Inside In: Common Core Knowledge and Communication Within Schools

Developing instructional capacity in schools is a central challenge of the Common Core movement. Most conceptualizations of capacity building focus on infusing externally generated professional development into schools. In this article, we explore the professional resources that reside inside schools that might be utilized to develop instructional capacity from within. Overall, we found that an abundance of these resources existed in schools, but they were unevenly distributed across and within schools. We also found that coaches and administrators were more likely to be recipients for requests for assistance and that they tended to have more Common Core subject matter knowledge, on average, than teachers did. We also found that external resource seeking was correlated with Common Core knowledge and with those who were recipients of requests for advice from colleagues. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for research and practice.
The Noir Vision of Max Ophüls, Romantic Fatalist

Max Ophuls, born Maximillian Oppenheimer on 6 May 1902, Saarbrucken, Germany, was a director known primarily for his romance films, often with sweeping tracking shots, and often taking place in the past. Ophuls’ luxurious camera style is evident in such superb romance films as Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948). The director made only two true noir films in his long and distinguished career, back to back: Caught and The Reckless Moment (both 1949) during his brief period in the United States. These two noirs were a distinct departure from his earlier work, and stand out as near aberrations in the director’s body of work. But they were created out of necessity, not design, for Ophuls never really wanted to come to Hollywood in the first place.
Degree and Range of Recreation Specialization: Toward a Typology of Boating Related Activities

This paper extends previous specialization research by using the concept to compare individuals who participate in different boating activities and sub-activities. Analyses were based on a statewid...
Reconfigurable matching with a 10-30 GHz distributed RF-MEMS tuner

Some application measurements of reconfigurable RF MEMS double-slug impedance tuner are presented. The fabricated distributed MEMS transmission line based (DMTL) tunable matching network has been demonstrated very good tuning ability from 10 GHz to 30 GHz. The matching demonstration experiments with fixed loads and amplifier are presented in the paper.
Toward an integrated understanding of disaster and risk ecology.

As global disaster risks become increasingly interconnected, complex and non-linear, the need for intelligent, innovative theoretical models and analytical tools has never been as pressing as today...
Origin and characterization of Eagle Ford pore networks in the South Texas Upper Cretaceous shelf

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that the loss of primary pores and the development of secondary pores in mudrocks are primarily controlled by burial diagenesis of the mineral matrix and thermal maturation of organic matter (OM). However, the lack of quantitative data on nanometer- to micrometer-scale rock properties has limited the ability to define and predict petrophysical properties and fluid flow in these fine-grained rocks. To upscale these rock properties, quantitative data are needed at multiple scales. Representative Eagle Ford Group samples were collected from continuous cores taken from two adjacent oil-producing wells in Karnes County, Texas, to investigate small-scale variations in mineralogy, diagenesis, and pore type. Point-count and pore-tracing methods were used to systematically quantify pore types and determine the size and shape of the identified pores. The two cores from the Eagle Ford are dominated by modified mineral pores, although secondary OM pores in migrated petroleum (bitumen) are also important. The mineral-pore network includes (1) primary mineral pores originally saturated with formation water and (2) modified mineral pores containing migrated petroleum (bitumen and/or residual oil). The OM-pore network includes (1) primary OM pores and (2) secondary OM pores including relatively large, less abundant OM bubble pores and relatively small, more abundant OM spongy pores. The abundance of OM spongy pores correlates positively with total-organic-carbon (TOC) content, and that of mineral pores weakly correlates with the volume of quartz plus feldspar. Studied samples have similar thermal maturities, although samples from one deeper core are slightly more mature than the other. Except for thermal maturation, the strong, micrometer-scale heterogeneity of rock components and properties (texture, fabric, mineralogy, and TOC) impacts the abundance, distribution, and type of pores. This micrometer-scale heterogeneity in porosity and pore networks would, in turn, significantly impact matrix permeability.
Reproductive Ecology of Lampreys

Lampreys typically spawn in riffle habitats during the spring. Spawning activity and diel (i.e., during daylight and at night) behavioral patterns are initiated when spring water temperatures increase to levels that coincide with optimal embryologic development. Nests are constructed in gravel substrate using the oral disc to move stones and the tail to fan sediment out of the nest. Spawning habitat used by individual species is generally a function of adult size, where small-bodied species construct nests in shallower water with slower flow and smaller gravel than large-bodied species. The mating system of lampreys is primarily polygynandrous (i.e., where multiple males mate with multiple females). Lamprey species with adult total length less than 30 cm generally spawn communally, where a nest may contain 20 or more individuals of both sexes. Lamprey species with adult sizes greater than 35 cm generally spawn in groups of two to four. Operational sex ratios of lampreys are highly variable across species, populations, and time, but are generally male biased. The act of spawning typically starts with the male attaching with his oral disc to the back of the female’s head; the male and female then entwine and simultaneously release gametes. However, alternative mating behaviors (e.g., release of gametes without paired courtship and sneaker males) have been observed. Future research should determine how multiple modalities of communication among lampreys (including mating pheromones) are integrated to inform species recognition and mate choice. Such research could inform both sea lamprey control strategies and provide insight into possible evolution of reproductive isolation mechanisms between paired lamprey species in sympatry.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Intelligibility Measures in Adults With Dysarthria.

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with adults with dysarthria were surveyed to investigate trends of clinical practice for assessing speech intelligibility. Method Two hundred ni...
Know your farmer: Ancient origins and multiple independent domestications of ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars.

Bark and ambrosia beetles are highly specialized weevils (Curculionidae) that have established diverse symbioses with fungi, most often from the order Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes). The two types of beetles are distinguished by their feeding habits and intimacy of interactions with their symbiotic fungi. The tree tissue diet of bark beetles is facilitated by fungi, while ambrosia beetles feed solely on fungi that they farm. The farming life history strategy requires domestication of a fungus, which the beetles consume as their sole food source. Ambrosia beetles in the subfamily Platypodinae originated in the mid-Cretaceous (119-88Mya) and are the oldest known group of farming insects. However, attempts to resolve phylogenetic relationships and the timing of domestication events for fungal cultivars have been largely inconclusive. We sequenced the genomes of 12 ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars and bark beetle associates, including the devastating laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, to estimate a robust phylogeny of the Ophiostomatales. We find evidence for contemporaneous diversification of the beetles and their associated fungi, followed by three independent domestication events of the ambrosia fungi genus Raffaelea. We estimate the first domestication of an Ophiostomatales fungus occurred ~86Mya, 25 million years earlier than prior estimates and in close agreement with the estimated age of farming in the Platypodinae (96Mya). Comparisons of the timing of fungal domestication events with the timing of beetle radiations support the hypothesis that the first large beetle radiations may have spread domesticated ‘ambrosia’ fungi to other fungi-associated beetle groups, perhaps facilitating the evolution of new farming lineages. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
4 – Analysis of Adiabatic Shear Bands by Numerical Methods

This chapter summarizes some results obtained numerically since 1984 by the author’s research group for one-dimensional (simple shearing), two-dimensional (plane strain and axisymmetric) and three-dimensional (twisting of thick hollow cylinders; Kalthoff’s problem) adiabatic shear banding problems. Material models account for strain and strain-rate hardening, thermal softening, strain-gradient effects, nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids and phase transformation between martensite and austenite. The problem formulation incorporates higher-order stresses conjugate to strain gradients, heat conduction and latent heat of phase transformations. Defects considered include thickness variation, rigid inclusions, voids, non-uniform initial conditions, heat flux at boundaries and weak elements. Problems studied with no defect include plane-strain compression of a face centered cubic (FCC) single crystal and of particulate composites, and the Taylor impact test. Deformation patterns induced in particulate composites are quite different from those in geometrically identical specimens of homogenized materials.
Organizational culture, subcultures, and organizational commitment

The purpose of this study was to examine whether three custodial groups in the same organization differ in their behavioral norms and shared values, and, if so, to what extent do these differences impact organizational commitment. Two major questions were of concern; (a) whether there were any differences in the perceptions of three custodial groups of their behavioral norms and shared values at the workplace; and (b) whether there were any relationships between these two components of organizational culture and organizational commitment of the custodians. A survey was administered to 63 custodians in the Residence department of a landgrant university. The custodians were located in three different workplaces and belonged to three different supervisory teams. The instrument used was a questionnaire developed using three different existing instruments to assess custodians' perceptions about behavioral norms using the Kilmann-Saxton Culture Gap Survey (KSCG, 1983); shared values using the Survey of Organizations (SOO) by Taylor and Bowers (1972); and organizational commitment using the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) by Mowday, Steers, and Porter (1979). Data were analyzed by means of oneway ANOVA to determine differences between the three custodial groups in their perceptions about behavioral norms, shared values, and organizational commitment. T-tests were performed to determine differences between custodial groups as it relates to different selected elements of demographics. Pearson correlation was used to determine relationships between behavioral norms and organizational commitment, and between shared values and organizational commitment.
Simple and Precise Counting of Viable Bacteria by Resazurin-Amplified Picoarray Detection

Simple, fast, and precise counting of viable bacteria is fundamental to a variety of microbiological applications such as food quality monitoring and clinical diagnosis. To this end, agar plating, microscopy, and emerging microfluidic devices for single bacteria detection have provided useful means for counting viable bacteria, but they also have their limitations ranging from complexity, time, and inaccuracy. We present herein our new method RAPiD (Resazurin-Amplified Picoarray Detection) for addressing this important problem. In RAPiD, we employ vacuum-assisted sample loading and oil-driven sample digitization to stochastically confine single bacteria in Picoarray, a microfluidic device with picoliter-sized isolation chambers (picochambers), in <30 s with only a few minutes of hands-on time. We add AlamarBlue, a resazurin-based fluorescent dye for bacterial growth, in our assay to accelerate the detection of "microcolonies" proliferated from single bacteria within picochambers. Detecting fluorescence in picochambers as an amplified surrogate for bacterial cells allows us to count hundreds of microcolonies with a single image taken via wide-field fluorescence microscopy. We have also expanded our method to practically test multiple titrations from a single bacterial sample in parallel. Using this expanded "multi-RAPiD" strategy, we can quantify viable cells in E. coli and S. aureus samples with precision in ∼3 h, illustrating RAPiD as a promising new method for counting viable bacteria for microbiological applications.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 Induces Differentiation and an Antiapoptotic Phenotype in Germinal Center B Cells

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been shown to be multifunctional factors. Contrasting with their enzyme-inhibitory activity, TIMPs also promote cell growth. Previously, we have reported an enhanced expression of TIMP-1 by normal reactive B cells and high-grade lymphomas. In the present study, a series of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines were analyzed for their expression of TIMP-1. TIMP-1 expression correlates with upregulation of activation and survival markers. TIMP-1-negative cells express the phenotype associated with group I BL lines and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative, nonendemic BLs (CD10+, CD38+, sIg+, and CD77+). However, TIMP-1+ BL lines showed group II/III BL phenotype, downregulation of the above markers, and upregulation and secretion of the activation marker CD23. Also, TIMP-1+ cells have high levels of CD40 expression. To determine whether TIMP-1 is directly involved in the BL phenotype, an EBV-negative BL line JD38 was infected with timp-1-expressing retrovirus and analyzed. In the absence of EBV, upregulation of TIMP-1 is sufficient to induce the same phenotype seen in TIMP-1+, EBV+ BL lines (CD10-, CD38-, sIg-, CD77-, CD23+, CD40 bright). This study not only suggests a role for TIMP-1 in BLs, but also supports its value as a prognostic factor. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
Coaching and Teaching Competitive Moot Court: Comparing Faculty Approaches

Student participation in undergraduate intercollegiate moot court tournaments is steadily increasing. The research on this activity, however, remains limited. This study examines the perspectives o...
The Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Interview method.

Conducting an initial interview can be a challenging task even for the seasoned mental health professional. Initial interviews are typically time limited. The objective is to get to know as much as possible about the client/patient in a short period of time, while effectively joining and communicating empathy. To support the acquisition of a comprehensive patient/family profile, the authors have taken the biopsychosocial ideas of Engel (1977, 1980) and combined them with attentiveness to spirituality (Wright, Watson, & Bell, 1996) to form the Biopsychosocial-Spiritual (BPSS) Interview method. The BPSS interview consists of questions regarding the client/patient’s physical symptoms, diagnosis, and medical treatment (Biomedical aspect); the thoughts, feelings, and state of mental health associated with the illness/treatment (Psychological aspect); the sources of support and relationship to and with others (Social/Environmental aspect); and the client/patient’s system of beliefs (Spiritual aspect). This method can help professionals gain insight as to how the client/patient physically and emotionally copes with the illness, as well as the support systems that are available to him or her. Using this method with the family members of the identified patient also helps in the assessment of resources and support, and the impact that the illness has on the family system. Please note that from this point on, the term patient is synonymous with client and refers to the person(s) receiving services. Rationale for UseAs McDaniel, Hepworth, and Doherty wrote in their groundbreaking 1992 text titled, Medical Family Therapy: A Biopsychosocial Approach to Families with Health Problems:The days of innocence are over. We now know that human life is a seamless cloth spun from biological, psychological, social, and cultural threads; that patients and families come with bodies as well as minds, feelings, interaction patterns, and belief system; that there are no biological problems without psychosocial implications, and no psychosocial problems without biological implications. Like it or not, therapists are dealing with biological problems, and physicians are dealing with psychosocial problems. The only choice is whether to do integrated treatment well or do it poorly. (pp. 1-2)Therefore, as family therapists gain secondary, and tertiary care settings, being armed with a structured comprehensive interview method is imperative to their work.
Seasonality of the rocky intertidal amphipodOligochinus lighti in response to microenvironmental variables

Organisms of intertidal regions experience climatological factors of marine and non-marine origin. Ecological studies indicate that climatological factors of non-marine origin are of primary importance in determining the distribution and abundance of the gammarid amphipodOligochinus lighti as shown by a decrease in population density with increasing height in the intertidal and a decrease in the population density accompanying seasonal increases in exposure to non-marine climatic conditions. Non-marine climatic factors affectingOligochinus are changes in temperature, salinity or moisture content in the algal clump inhabited by the amphipod. The microclimate of the algal clump depends upon its position in the intertidal and on how its form modifies the climatic conditions occurring during exposure. The algal microclimate is related in a complex fashion to seasonal changes in the coastal macroclimate mediated by the irregular semidiurnal tidal cycles of the region. A regression model has been developed to predict population changes on the basis of climatic factors.
Civil Rights Investigations & Comprehensive Prevention of Campus Gender-Based Violence

This manuscript articulates the reasons why institutions of higher education should use “civil rights investigations” models to conduct fact-finding in cases involving gender-based violence, including “sexual misconduct,” sexual harassment, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking, reported to have occurred between members of the campus community. The reasons to use civil rights investigations to resolve cases of campus gender-based violence are based in both best practices and in legal obligations. In both instances, civil rights investigations are a recommended method of investigating or resolving gender-based violence cases because they are most likely to help a college or university to comprehensively prevent gender-based violence. First, civil rights investigations are the most likely to fulfill institutions’ legal obligations under Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) and the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (Clery Act), as amended by the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 (VAWA), which either have goals consistent with or directly incorporate the definition of comprehensive prevention used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Second, civil rights investigations function as both secondary and tertiary forms of prevention, as well as provide support to primary prevention efforts, thus incorporating all three types of prevention identified by the CDC as necessary to achieve comprehensive prevention goals in practice. In the course of this discussion, this chapter explains what “civil rights investigations” are and how civil rights investigations can comprehensively prevent gender-based violence in education. It also discusses the different models for investigations of campus gender-based violence commonly available to colleges and universities, and why institutions of higher education should select one of the civil rights investigation models, including the basis for that selection in federal law. The content of this chapter overlaps significantly with Attachment 3 of "Comments for Consideration in the Department of Education's Comprehensive Review Implementing Biden E.O. 14021, filed by Nancy Chi Cantalupo," available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=3870869.
Synthesis of germanium nanocrystals from solid-state disproportionation of a chloride-derived germania glass

Germanium nanocrystals (Ge NCs) have potential to be used in several optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors and light-emitting diodes. Here, we report a solid-state route to synthesizing Ge NCs through thermal disproportionation of a germania (GeOX) glass, which was synthesized by hydrolyzing a GeCl2·dioxane complex. The GeOX glass synthesized in this manner was found to have residual Cl content. The process of nanocrystal nucleation and growth was monitored using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to existing solid-state routes for synthesizing colloidal Ge NCs, this approach requires fewer steps and is amenable to scaling to large-scale reactions.
Inhibition Controls Receptive Field Size, Sensitivity, and Response Polarity of Direction Selective Ganglion Cells Near the Threshold of Vision

Abstract Information about motion is encoded by direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs). These cells reliably transmit this information across a broad range of light levels, spanning moonlight to sunlight. Previous work indicates that adaptation to low light levels causes heterogeneous changes to the direction tuning of ON-OFF (oo)DSGCs and suggests that superior-preferring ON-OFF DSGCs (s-DSGCs) are biased toward detecting stimuli rather than precisely signaling direction. Using a large-scale multi-electrode array, we measured the absolute sensitivity of ooDSGCs and found that s-DSGCs are ten-fold more sensitive to dim flashes of light than other ooDSGCs. We measured their receptive field sizes and found that s-DSGCs also have larger receptive fields than other ooDSGCs, however, the size difference does not fully explain the sensitivity difference. Using a conditional knockout of gap junctions and pharmacological manipulations, we demonstrate that GABA-mediated inhibition contributes to the difference in absolute sensitivity and receptive field size at low light levels, while the connexin36-mediated gap junction coupling plays a minor role. We further show that GABA-mediated inhibition masks the OFF response of ooDSGCs under scotopic conditions, restricting their responses to increases in light. These results reveal that GABAergic inhibition controls and differentially modulates the responses of ooDSGCs under scotopic conditions. Significance Statement Light adaptation and parallel processing are two major functions of retina. Here we show that parallel processing is differentially regulated between photopic and scotopic conditions across DSGCs. This differential adaptation alters the absolute sensitivity and RF size of s-DSGCs relative to other ooDSGC types. These results point to novel mechanisms and possibly new circuit elements that shape retinal processing of motion under rod-mediated light levels.
Role of Hsp90 Interacting Molecular Chaperones on Tau and Aß Processing in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia and a devastating disorder. Number of cases of AD are increasing each year; currently, around 5.7 million people in USA are affected by AD. The cost of patient care is in billions of dollars and by 2050 is expected to be in trillion. Currently, there is no options available to cure this disease. The mechanism of AD progression is complex and not yet fully understood. Two major hallmarks of AD are Aggregation of Amyloid beta (As) and microtubule associated protein tau (tau) in the brain. Our group and several others have shown molecular chaperone proteins play key role in protein folding and limiting aggregation. Especially, highly abundant chaperone Hsp90 and its co-chaperons have been linked to affect tau and As processing in AD models. In this chapter, we briefly discuss the role of Hsp90 interacting chaperones in AD.
The effects of hypogonadism on quality of life in survivors of germ cell tumors treated with surgery alone versus surgery plus platinum-based chemotherapy

It is important to assess the prevalence of hypogonadism and to identify the correlation between hypogonadism and cancer treatment with quality of life (QoL) in germ cell tumor (GCT) survivors. This is a single-center, non-randomized, prospective observational study in GCT survivors 18–50 years of age previously treated with surgery and chemotherapy (S+C) or surgery alone (S). Patients completed a validated QoL questionnaire at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Patients received supplemental testosterone as clinically indicated. Mean QoL scores were compared between two treatment groups (S+C vs. S) and within each group between survivors with hypogonadism (serum testosterone level < 300 ng/dL) versus without. A two-sided independent-groups t test was used to compare means. We evaluated 199 GCT survivors. At baseline, the prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism was 48% overall, 51% in S+C group, and 45% in S group (p = .4). Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in QoL scores between S+C and C groups, except the S+C group exhibited greater modified Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) at baseline and 6 months. Patients with hypogonadism reported more fatigue, poor sleep quality, and worse general health at baseline. There were no statistical differences in mean QOL scores between patients with testosterone < 300 ng/dL who received testosterone supplementation and who did not. A significant proportion of GCT survivors have low testosterone levels after platinum-based chemotherapy and surgery as well as with just surgery alone. GCT survivors treated with platinum-based chemotherapy exhibited more symptoms related to male aging compared with survivors treated with surgery alone.
From experiment results to a constraint hierarchy with the ‘Rank Centrality’ algorithm

Rank Centrality (RC; Negahban, Oh, & Shah 2017) is a rank-aggregation algorithm that computes a total ranking of elements from noisy pairwise ranking information. I test RC as an alternative to incremental error-driven learning algorithms such as GLA-MaxEnt (Boersma & Hayes 2001; Jager 2007) for modeling a constraint hierarchy on the basis of two-alternative forced-choice experiment results. For the case study examined here, RC agrees well with GLA-MaxEnt on the ordering of the constraints, but differs somewhat on the distance between constraints; in particular, RC assigns more extreme (low) positions to constraints at the bottom of the hierarchy than GLA-MaxEnt does. Overall, these initial results are promising, and RC merits further investigation as a constraint-ranking method in experimental linguistics.
Gay Maps, Queer "Reads": Exposing Violence in the Spatial Representation of Gay D.C. in Search of Queer Spatial Potentials

This article exposes the violences encoded within many contemporary, mainstream gay spaces and connects these violences to a wider politics of the modern LGBT movement. No longer are queer places sites of radically disrupting time, space, and social norms, a practice that in some ways were constitutive of Queerness. Instead, many queer spaces have been organized and reorganized to reflect, reinforce, and support the integrationist and assimilationist goals of contemporary gay (white, cisgender, male) liberals and the State and corporate institutions they seek to become or have become a part of. I develop this argument by undertaking Queer readings of three “gay” maps of Washington, D.C. In deconstructing the violences within spatial representations of gay spaces within the nation’s capital, I hope to engage in a broader disruption and subversion of both the cooptation of queer/Queer struggle by State and multinational corporate formations and the assimilationist and (white) nationalist trends within mainstream LGBT politics that allow this to happen. In the “slippage” or “fissure” produced by this disruption, I hope to open a path that allows us to “cruise” ahead towards new thought on what can and should constitute Queer and queer politics and spaces.
COLONIAL ITINERARIES: MUHAMMADU DIKKO'S METROPOLITAN ADVENTURES

In 1921 and 1924 Muhammadu Dikko, the emir of Katsina, traveled to Britain on a sightseeing trip, becoming the first emir or chief from Northern Nigeria to visit the British imperial metropole. This article analyzes the colonial relationship that put Dikko in the colonizers’ orbit and favor and paved the way for him to embark on the trips, the colonial logistics and networks that facilitated the journeys, Dikko's experiences and adventures in Britain, and, most importantly, his perspectives on British society, institutions, goods, and forms of leisure. I argue that Dikko, though constrained by serving as a prop in a colonial performance of power, used travel to Britain as a platform to advance metropolitan modernity as an aspirational if distant model of socioeconomic advancement and to give his peers and subjects in Northern Nigeria a textual reference for navigating colonial culture in relation to their own natal Islamo-Hausa cultural norms.
Petroglyphs, Pictographs, and Projections: Native American Rock Art in the Contemporary Cultural Landscape: by Richard A. Rogers, Salt Lake City, UT, University of Utah Press, 2018, xv + 398 pp., $34.95 (paper), ISBN 978-1607816188, $28.00 (ebook), 978-1607816195.

In Petroglyphs, Pictographs, and Projections, Rogers challenges the central policies behind Native American rock art site protection and research, arguing that they are motivated by the same underl...
Form 4 Electronic Submissions and Thomson Reuters Insider Filing Data Feed: Discrepancies and Their Impact on Research

This paper examines discrepancies between the electronic Form 4 and Thomson Reuters' Insider Filing Data Feed. The analysis shows differences in a small number of trades. The transaction code is the item frequently found to differ. Results also show that Thomson Reuters fails to follow its data codification policies. Users of the Form 4 should expect discrepancies in trade and firm characteristics. Inferences about the market reaction to insider filings and trades, association between aggregate insider trading and market returns, and cross-sectional variation in profitability of insider transactions do not appear to be significantly affected by these discrepancies. Overall, the evidence suggests that discrepancies between the electronic Form 4 and Thomson Reuters' Insider Filing Data Feed do not materially impact research. The results are consistent with observations made by the SEC suggesting that electronic filings facilitate research and data analysis and that the need for information intermediaries could be eliminated.
Novel fusion KTN1-PRKD1 in cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary glands located in the parotid gland: Case report including cytologic findings

Abstract Background Cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary glands (CASG) is a rare, predominantly minor salivary gland tumor first described in 1999. Because the tumor shares morphologic and molecular features with polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC), in 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) included CASG within the spectrum of PAC. Almost 75% of CASG harbor molecular alterations in the PRKD (Protein kinase D) gene family, and some cases show ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A)-PRKD1 or DDX3X (DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked)-PRKD1 fusions. Case presentation A 39-year-old man presented with headache and painless right cheek mass of two years duration. Imaging showed a well-circumscribed, lobulated 1.7-centimeter mass located in the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass revealed a “salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential” (SUMP). Histopathology and immunohistochemical features of the resected tumor showed a primary salivary gland neoplasm with perineural invasion suggestive of cribriform adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands (CASG). Whole exome sequencing (WES) and transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) of the tumor revealed a novel, intrachromosomal gene fusion: KTN1 (Kinectin1)-PRKD1. Sanger sequencing and Florescent insitu hybridization (FISH) break apart probe results subsequently confirmed the presence of the fusion. The patient recovered from surgery without complications. Conclusion We report a novel fusion KTN1-PRKD1 in Cribriform Adenocarcinoma of the Salivary Glands located in the parotid gland. Importantly, this KTN1 fusion partner may account for other reports of intrachromosomal fusions in CASG in which the PRKD1 gene partner was not identified.
Abomasal and Duodenal Activity Alterations in Periparturient Dairy Cattle

Abomasal dysfunction is theorized to underlie development of abomasal displacements. Abomasal function studies in healthy animals have not shown a conclusive role for diet, hypocalcemia, or neuroendocrine factors in altering abomasal motility. However, none of the studies were performed in the periparturient cow. The goal of this pilot project was to detect any significant alterations within the peripartum period in either antral or duodenal myoelectrical activity. We hypothesized healthy cows would not show significant alterations either during mid-lactation (as previously described) or between pre- and postpartum periods.
A Better Way to Vote

The Florida election fiasco of 2000 has produced thousands of articles about the problems with voting technology, hundreds of ideas how to fix those problems, and one radically different voting system that reasonably can be claimed to be both more secure and less expensive than any other system in existence. Security is obtained not by secrecy, but by extreme openness. Low cost is obtained by basing the system on hardware that is literally free. (This system, if adopted, also would be good for the environment.)
Must a Cause Be Contingently Related to Its Effects

Most writers on causation have distinguished causal relations or natural necessities from mere correlations or accidental generalizations. I shall assume that this is a valid distinction. However, a "Dogma" of empiricism has been that natural necessity does not amount to logical necessity and that causes are contingently related to effects. In this paper I shall argue that this Dogma is mistaken. The Dogma seemed obvious ever since Hume argued:
Phosphodiesterase inhibition facilitates cognitive restoration in rodent models of age-related memory decline.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition with the drugs sildenafil and vardenafil can enhance spatial performance and object recognition in rodent models of learning and memory. OBJECTIVE We review recent studies on PDE5 inhibition and report novel data that specifically tests the systemic effects of both pharmacological agents in aged rats using two different spatial learning/memory paradigms. METHODS The 14-unit T-maze was used as a test of egocentric spatial processing that requires rats to learn a series of left/right turns to avoid mild footshock. The Morris water maze is a test of allocentric spatial learning that requires the acquisition of place information to localize a hidden platform relative to distal room cues. RESULTS In both cases, acquisition (i.e., learning performance) was not improved, however after a one week drug washout period, aged animals demonstrated improved spatial memory retention compared to aged controls, ruling out simple performance effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings are discussed in relation to recent reports on the use of PDE inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and age-related memory impairments. While some report promising pre-clinical results, others note that PDE5 may not be an appropriate target in AD due to a lack of localization within critical brain structures where therapeutic activity is needed. Despite these limitations, PDE5 inhibition may produce beneficial effects via several mechanisms that target predisposing risk factors leading to increased incidence of memory impairment in aged individuals and influence memory consolidation mechanisms that preserve long-term retention of cognitive information.