cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Hodgkin's disease of the sigmoid colon: a case report and review of the literature.

. We report the case of an 81-year-old man who underwent a segmental resection of the sigmoid colon for severe diverticular disease. Histopathologic diagnosis revealed extranodal Hodgkin's disease, and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The incidence of extranodal Hodgkin's disease is rare and represents an infrequent occurrence as a gastrointestinal neoplasm and primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. A review of the literature for gastrointestinal lymphomas with emphasis on the occurrence of Hodgkin's disease, the diagnostic features, and the site of gastrointestinal tract involvement is reported.
Evidence of competition between two species of desert ants.

1. Two granivorous ant species,Novomessor cockerelli andVeromessor pergandei, were observed at two sites of differing food abundances in the Sonoran Desert to determine whether they were competing for food resources. 2. Niche breadths for each species and niche overlaps between species were calculated for each site for the parameters of temperature utilization, space utilization and food. Niche breadths for food and space were narrower at the site of high food abundance. 3. Total niche overlap (product α) ofN. cockerelli onV. pergandei was much greater at the site of low food abundance while the total overlap ofV. pergandei onN. cockerelli was relatively constant at both sites. 4. Interspecific nest spacing was overdispersed at the site of low food abundance. 5. These results are taken as evidence for competition between the two species, especially in areas of low food abundance.
6 – Bat Rabies

Publisher Summary Among mammals, bats are second only to rodents in their number of species. The order is subdivided into two suborders: flying foxes (Megachiroptera) that inhabit the Old World tropics and the smaller-bodied bats (Microchiroptera) that are distributed globally, except in Antarctica. Rabies is described in representatives of both suborders on all continents. Given the issue of size alone, one can expect a greater absolute number of rabid bats to account for disease prevalence as well as a greater density of the species occupying any given space, compared with larger-bodied carnivores. Considering the variety of divergent lyssaviruses, the order Chiroptera is proposed as being primarily affected during adaptation of plant and arthropod rhabdoviruses to mammalian hosts. Presumably, adaptation occurred somewhere in the Old World, perhaps in Africa or Eurasia, where most divergent non-RABV lyssaviruses are found. The ecologic advantages offered by flight enhance the potential for invasion of new areas and rapid dispersal of viruses by bats, much more readily than by terrestrial mammals. Two human cases of Australian bat lyssavirus infection are described to date and are discussed in this chapter.
Natural Models of Homotopy Type Theory Abstract

Homotopy type theory is an interpretation of constructive Martin-Lof type theory into abstract homotopy theory. It allows type theory to be used as a formal calculus for reasoning about homotopy theory, as well as more general mathematics such as can be formulated in category theory or set theory, under this new homotopical interpretation. Because constructive type theory has been implemented in computational proof assistants like Coq, it also facilitates the use of those tools in homotopy theory, category theory, set theory, and other fields of mathematics. This is the idea behind the new Univalent Foundations Program, which has recently been the object of quite intense investigation [4].
Abstract 577: NF-kB Inhibition via Celastrol-Loaded Nanocarriers Induces Distinct Changes in Atheroma-Resident Immune Cell Composition in Male vs. Female ldlr -/- Mice

The immune component of atherosclerosis is strongly influenced by inflammatory signaling. Although NF-kB signaling is a key regulator of cytokine expression and activation of atheroma-resident macr...
Differential psychological reactions to grief: The role of childhood adversity for depression symptoms among bereaved and non-bereaved adults.

Childhood maltreatment dysregulates an individual’s physiological response to stress, increasing reactivity to stressors across the lifespan. Given the prevalence and impact of bereavement, we exam...
Review: Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire: State, Church, and Society, 1604–1830, by Gauvin Alexander Bailey

Gauvin Alexander Bailey Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire: State, Church, and Society, 1604–1830 Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 640 pp., 7 maps, 287 color illus. $75 (cloth), ISBN 9780773553149 My reading of Gauvin Alexander Bailey's hefty and beautifully illustrated tome on French colonial architecture was interrupted by my participation in a conference in one of France's former colonial capitals, Saint-Louis, Senegal. Given that the title of the conference was Colonial Cities in Global Perspective, I expected to see some synergy with Bailey's book, but I also assumed there would be little obvious overlap.1 Only a couple of the papers delivered at the conference touched on architecture, and none with the range or depth of Bailey's discussions of ideology, buildings, and labor. However, I was struck by the ways that the physical landscape of Saint-Louis evoked the critical gaps that Bailey describes between French ideals, imagination, and reality. While the history of Saint-Louis continues to be touted for the sake of tourism and research, the city is also a resolutely Senegalese one where colonial architectural forms can be obscured by the practices of everyday life. One of Bailey's main goals is to trace the disjuncture between French attempts to glorify state and church through architecture on one hand and the violent realities of colonialism on the other. His first couple of chapters outline French ideologies about urbanism and architecture. Chapters 3–7 then examine the history of builders, contractors, and artisans, including Amerindians, Africans, and enslaved and free people of color, as well as French civilian and royal architects.2 Chapters 8–11 focus on urbanism and planned cities. In the final section of the book (chapters 12–16), Bailey looks closely at changing secular and ecclesiastical architecture in the French colonial context, including the development of vernacular styles such as the open gallery or veranda that assumed particular cultural meaning and significance in France's Atlantic empire. On several occasions during the conference in Senegal, certain buildings in the city immediately reminded …
Dental Implant Texture Affects Biofilm Adhesion Strength

Peri-implantitis, a disease formed by subgingival biofilm between dental implants and surrounding tissue, can lead to necrosis or implant loss. The development of an implant surface that promotes osseointegration and deters bacterial biofilm adhesion is paramount to prevent peri-implantitis. A technique to quantify adhesion strengths of biofilms is important to optimize surfaces which prevent bacteria from adhering strongly. The laser spallation technique has been recently adapted to obtain quantitative measures of biofilm adhesion. One key advantage of laser spallation is it results in quantified adhesion strength while using a non-contact high strain rate force. Image analysis can be used to obtain fluence, energy per unit area, at spallation of the biofilm, along with one dimensional wave analysis and finite element analysis, a quantitative interface adhesion strength can be determined for the biofilm-implant interface. In this study, Streptococcus mutans, a gram-positive facultative anaerobe, was chosen because it promotes the attachment and growth of more harmful bacteria. The competition between oral bacteria and cell should also be considered when comparing implant surface characteristics. MG-63 was chosen as it closely mimics osteoblast adhesion. We will demonstrate the competition in adhesion between S. mutans and osteoblast like cells on dental implant mimicking surfaces through the adaptation of the laser spallation technique. This study will lead to the development of dental implant surfaces which promote osseointegration and inhibit biofilm formation. Furthermore, the laser spallation technique will be used to optimize other medical implant surfaces, and surfaces where biofilms have deleterious effects.
Salmonella Typhimurium as an Anticancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Bacteria were first conceived as potential cancer therapeutics in the nineteenth century. Since then, a wide range of advancements has been made especially in the advent of microbial engineering, particularly in the Salmonella Typhimurium serovar. Recent developments include attenuated profiles of Salmonella for safe delivery, as well as genetic engineering for targeting to cancerous tissue and improved efficacy for antitumor effects. This review provides a summary of recent advances in the field of Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy and implications for further clinical testing. A focus of recent Salmonella-mediated cancer therapies is genetic engineering of the bacteria for optimized tumor targeting and anticancer effects. Careful design has led to the use of attenuated Salmonella as drug delivery vehicles and tumor-targeting therapeutics with excellent safety and therapeutic efficacy in countless murine tumor models. Moreover, Salmonella has the potential for use as imaging and diagnostic tools that would improve patient prognosis through early awareness. Here, we have detailed recent advances in the use of Salmonella as a therapy to combat cancer. Continued innovative and novel discovery in this field of study will yield a promising future for the use of Salmonella-mediated cancer therapies in cancer care.
The Dirac equation as a model of topological insulators

The Dirac equation with a spatially dependent mass can be used as a simple, exactly soluble, continuum model of a three-dimensional Topological Insulator. For a bulk system, the sign of the mass de...
Childhood Visual Impairment: Perspectives on Research Design and Methodology:

Research methodology is discussed in the context of the nature of the knowledge that is needed about visually impaired children. Traditional “average-oriented” research designs are criticized, as a...
Reminders for medication adherence: a review and research agenda

Reminders are very promising interventions for improving medication adherence as shown in numerous studies. However, there are several challenges including different effectiveness for patients, duration, diseases and complexity of regimen. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of published literature using multiple databases to address above challenges. The systematic review resulted in identifying 77 papers. After classifying and analysing individual papers, we find that: 1) reminders are effective when patients are busy or have cognitive impairment; 2) there is short-term improvement in MA with reminders; 3) patients lose interest in reminders with time, especially if the message is static or monotonous; 4) medication adherence will not improve if reminders do not address the underlying reasons behind low adherence; and 5) reminders are more suitable for unintentional non-adherence than intentional non-adherence. More research can be done to study and evaluate the effectiveness of reminders over long-term, especially using personalisation and context-awareness. The findings can serve as a resource for healthcare professionals and researchers in deciding when and where to use reminders, for how long and how to improve the effectiveness of reminders.
Chlamydia-Specific IgA Secretion in the Female Reproductive Tract Induced via Per-Oral Immunization Confers Protection against Primary Chlamydia Challenge.

ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes sexually transmitted disease. In women, chlamydial infections may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. The role of antibodies in protection against a primary Chlamydia infection is unclear and was a focus of this work. Using the C. muridarum mouse infection model, we show that intestinal mucosa is infected via intranasal (i.n.) or per-oral (p.o.) Chlamydia inoculation and that unlike the female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosa, it halts systemic Chlamydia dissemination. Moreover, p.o. immunization or infection with Chlamydia confers protection against per-vaginal (p.v.) challenge, resulting in significantly decreased bacterial burden in the FRT, accelerated Chlamydia clearance, and reduced hydrosalpinx pathology. In contrast, subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization conferred no protection against the p.v. challenge. Both p.o. and s.c. immunizations induced Chlamydia-specific serum IgA. However, IgA was found only in the vaginal washes and fecal extracts of p.o.-immunized animals. Following a p.v. challenge, unimmunized control and s.c.-s.c.-immunized animals developed Chlamydia-specific intestinal IgA yet failed to develop IgA in the FRT, indicating that IgA response in the FRT relies on the FRT to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) antigen transport. Vaginal secretions of p.o.-immunized animals neutralize Chlamydia in vivo, resulting in significantly lower Chlamydia burden in the FRT and Chlamydia transport to the GIT. We also show that infection of the GIT is not necessary for induction of protective immunity in the FRT, a finding that is important for the development of p.o. subunit vaccines to target Chlamydia and possibly other sexually transmitted pathogens.
Physical vacua in IIB compactifications with a single Kähler modulus

We search for phenomenologically viable vacua of IIB string flux compactifications on Calabi-Yau orientifolds with a single Kahler modulus. We perform both analytic studies and numerical searches in order to find models with de Sitter vacua and TeV-scale SUSY particle phenomenology.
Acute Kidney Injury Following Pediatric Liver Transplant

Objective:To determine the incidence, severity, and risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury in pediatric liver transplant patients with and without inborn errors of metabolism.Design:Retr...
Electron correlations in the cubic paramagnetic perovskite Sr ( V , Mn ) O 3 : Results from fully self-consistent self-energy embedding calculations

In this paper, we use the thermodynamically consistent and conserving self-energy embedding theory (SEET) to study the spectra of the prototypical undistorted cubic perovskites ${\mathrm{SrVO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{SrMnO}}_{3}$. In the strongly correlated metallic ${\mathrm{SrVO}}_{3}$ we find that the usual attribution of the satellite peaks at --1.8 eV to Hund or Hubbard physics in the ${t}_{2g}$ orbitals is inconsistent with our calculations. In the strongly correlated insulator ${\mathrm{SrMnO}}_{3}$ we recover insulating behavior due to a feedback effect between the strongly correlated orbitals and the weakly correlated environment. Our calculation shows a systematic convergence of spectral features as the space of strongly correlated orbitals is enlarged, paving the way to a systematic parameter-free study of correlated perovskites.
The Ideal Gay Man: The Story of Der Kreis

Discover the deliciously succulent homosexual world of the early 1900s!The Ideal Gay Man: The Story of Der Kreis gives you the history of the influential international gay journal Der Kreis, published in Switzerland from 1932--1967. You’ll gain fascinating insight into the journal’s origins, its development, and the reasons for its demise. Entertaining and informative, this book points out how the events of the day relating to the gay movement were reflected in and influenced by Der Kreis.Der Kreis was the world’s most important journal promoting the legal and social rights of gay men. Literary historians, gay theory scholars, and general readers will be intrigued by the generous selection of articles from the English section of the journal, as well as the English translations from the French and German sections. The Ideal Gay Man is a fascinating collection of history and entertainment. Some topics you’ll explore are: the beginning of the publication Der Kreis why Der Kreis stopped publication sections on the English writers, French writers, and German writers of Der Kreis articles on morality and the public’s changing perceptions of homosexuality man and boy love and the differences between leading and seductionThe Ideal Gay Man studies this amazingly influential gentlemen’s journal and provides you with a flattering and long overdue inclusion into gay studies material. You will explore the homosexual world during a turbulent time of intolerance and discover how the events relating to the gay movement were reflected in and influenced by Der Kreis.
Tidal pressure as a mechanism to explain the steep rise in ambient infrasound below 0.1 Hz at Eleuthera reported by Nichols in 1981

R. H. Nichols reported measurements of ambient ocean noise made off Eleuthera Island [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 974–981 (1981)]. Nichols was unable to identify a mechanism to explain the steep rise of 20 dB per octave from 0.02–0.1 Hz in spectrum levels obtained with hydrophones at depths of 300 and 1,200 m. Here we show that a tidal pressure signal modeled as a ramp pulse waveform through an octave bandpass filter results in spectrum levels increasing about 12 dB per octave with decreasing frequency below 0.1 Hz. If the infrasound noise levels continue to follow the 6 dB per octave increase with decreasing frequency down to 0.02 Hz as they do from 0.1–1Hz, the tidal pressure signal will dominate the infrasound. After a crossover point the infrasound noise signal becomes dominant with increasing frequency. This proposed tidal pressure mechanism could be tested by correlation of observed spectrum levels with the tides just as measurements of surface wind speeds have been shown to correlate with increased infrasound spectrum levels.
Agreement and Stability of Teacher Rating Scales for Assessing ADHD in Preschoolers

This study investigated the agreement and stability of 3 teacher rating Scales used to assess ADHD in preschool children: the ADHD Rating Scale, the Child Attention Profile (CAP), and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-28 (CTRS-28). A sample of suburban children (n = 60) was observed and rated by their teachers and assistant teachers at preschool level (Time 1) and 4 years later at the elementary school level (Time 2). Agreement among the rating scales and interrater agreement between teacher and assistant teacher ratings yielded noticeably stronger correlations at Time 2 than at Time 1. Over the 4-year interval of the study, there was a significant change in the number of children identified as potential ADHD risks. It is probable there were a high number of false-positive indications in the preschool ADHD screenings. It is also possible that immature behavior of preschool children may mimic ADHD behavior at the elementary school level.
Hydraulic Design Considerations for EHB Systems

Brake performance can be divided into two distinct classes: base brake performance and controlled brake performance. A base brake event can be described as a normal or typical stop in which the driver maintains the vehicle in its intended direction at a controlled deceleration level that does not closely approach wheel lock. All other braking events where additional intervention may be necessary, such as wheel brake pressure control to prevent lock-up, application of a wheel brake to transfer torque across an open differential, or application of an induced torque to one or two selected wheels to correct an under- or oversteering condition, may be classified as controlled brake performance. Statistics from the field indicate the majority of braking events stem from base brake applications and as such can be classified as the single most important function. From this perspective, it can be of interest to compare modern-day Electro-Hydraulic Brake (EHB) hydraulic systems with a conventional vacuum-boosted brake apply system and note the various design options used to achieve performance and reliability objectives.
Cell Tracking Technologies for Acute Ischemic Brain Injury

Stem cell therapy has showed considerable potential in the treatment of stroke over the last decade. In order that these therapies may be optimized, the relative benefits of growth factor release, immunomodulation, and direct tissue replacement by therapeutic stem cells are widely under investigation. Fundamental to the progress of this research are effective imaging techniques that enable cell tracking in vivo. Direct analysis of the benefit of cell therapy includes the study of cell migration, localization, division and/or differentiation, and survival. This review explores the various imaging tools currently used in clinics and laboratories, addressing image resolution, long-term cell monitoring, imaging agents/isotopes, as well as safety and costs associated with each technique. Finally, burgeoning tracking techniques are discussed, with emphasis on multimodal imaging.
Camera Control and Geo-Registration for Video Sensor Networks

With the use of large video networks, there is a need to coordinate and interpret the video imagery for decision support systems with the goal of reducing the cognitive and perceptual overload of human operators. We present computer vision strategies that enable efficient control and management of cameras to effectively monitor wide-coverage areas, and examine the framework within an actual multi-camera outdoor urban video surveillance network. First, we construct a robust and precise camera control model for commercial pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) video cameras. In addition to providing a complete functional control mapping for PTZ repositioning, the model can be used to generate wide-view spherical panoramic viewspaces for the cameras. Using the individual camera control models, we next individually map the spherical panoramic viewspace of each camera to a large aerial orthophotograph of the scene. The result provides a unified geo-referenced map representation to permit automatic (and manual) video control and exploitation of cameras in a coordinated manner. The combined framework provides new capabilities for video sensor networks that are of significance and benefit to the broad surveillance/security community.
Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts in vivo from dietary supplements and Chinese herbal plant extracts containing carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids

We recently determined that the metabolism of a series of tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids resulted in the formation of a set of 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-derived DNA adducts. These DHP-derived DNA adducts have been proposed as potential biomarkers of pyrrolizidine alkaloid tumorigenicity, as well as pyrrolizidine alkaloid exposure. In this paper, we report that DHP-derived DNA adducts are formed in the liver of female F344 rats, gavaged with three dietary supplements (comfrey root extract, comfrey compound oil, and coltsfoot root extract), or an extract of a Chinese herbal plant, flos farfara (Kuan Tong Hua).
Biphasic increase in c-jun mRNA is required for induction of AP-1-mediated gene transcription: differential effects of muscarinic and thrombin receptor activation.

Abstract Activation of either muscarinic cholinergic or thrombin receptors increases phosphoinositide turnover, Ca2+ mobilization, and redistribution of protein kinase C and induces rapid transient increases in c-fos mRNA and c-jun mRNA in 1321N1 cells. To determine whether the increases in c-fos and c-jun mRNA induced by carbachol and thrombin are sufficient to stimulate AP-1-mediated transactivation, 1321N1 cells were transfected with a reporter carrying two copies of the tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate response element and the firefly luciferase gene. Thrombin was significantly more effective than carbachol at stimulating AP-1-mediated transactivation. To identify the factors underlying the difference in AP-1 activity induced by carbachol and thrombin, members of the fos and jun families which encode components of AP-1 were examined. Carbachol and thrombin have similar effects on expression of c-fos, fosB, fra-2, junB, and junD, both acutely and over a 24-h time course. However, whereas carbachol leads only to transient induction of c-jun (maximal at 0.5 h), thrombin induces a biphasic increase in c-jun mRNA--an initial peak at 0.5 h and a second, more-prolonged increase at 12 h. Thrombin but not carbachol also induces a late increase in fra-1 mRNA, which peaks at 12 h. The secondary increase in c-jun mRNA is associated with marked increases in c-Jun protein levels and AP-1 DNA-binding activity. The late induction of c-jun and fra-1 mRNA can be prevented by adding the antagonist hirudin 30 min after thrombin, which results in loss of thrombin-stimulated increases in c-Jun protein, AP-1 DNA-binding activity, and AP-1-mediated transactivation. These findings suggest that rapid and transient conduction of c-fos and c-jun mRNA is insufficient to induce prominent changes in gene transcription, while the sustained increase in c-jun mRNA and perhaps the late induction of fra-1 mRNA are required for generation of AP-1 DNA-binding activity and transactivation through AP-1.
On the physical identity of scintillons: bioluminescent particles in Gonyaulax polyedra.

The physical identity of the bioluminescent particles (‘scintillons’) extracted from the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra was investigated by electron microscopy and particle counts of the active fractions from sucrose density gradients. Membranous structures are abundantly present in purified fractions, while there is a decrease, relative to activity, in the numbers of guanine crystals, which had previously been implicated as bioluminescent structures. The significance of these findings with respect to the in vivo scintillon is discussed.
The co-oxidation of conjugated enynes. A convenient synthesis of β-sulfoxy acetylenic carbinols

Abstract Several β-sulfoxy substituted acetylenic carbinols were prepared by the addition of thiyl radicals and oxygen to conjugated enynes.
Advances in PCB routing

Due to rapid increases in printed circuit board (PCB) complexity and lack of research progresses in PCB routing algorithms over the years, routing has become a bottleneck in overall circuit board design time. Today, a high-end PCB typically takes significant tedious manual efforts to complete the wiring and this problem will only get worse for future generations of PCBs. In this talk, we present some of our recent research results on this problem.
Repeated postevent questioning can lead to elevated levels of eyewitness confidence

Two experiments tested the proposition that postevent questioning can lead to later increases in witness confidence without corresponding changes in witness accuracy. After a staged interruption in a college classroom, participants were questioned about the event 5 times over 5 weeks in Experiment 1 (n=57) and 3 times over 5 days in Experiment 2 (n=79). During the final questioning session, the participant-witnesses consistently reported higher levels of confidence for those items that had been subject to repeated postevent questioning than for those items that were asked for the first time, yet there was no difference in the accuracy of the responses to the two sets of items. Additionally, in all conditions the participant-witnesses were generally overconfident in their responses. These results suggest that repeated postevent questioning can cause eyewitnesses' subsequent confidence estimates to be “artificially” inflated.
Synthesis of silver/polymer nanocomposites by surface coating using carbodiimide method

Abstract The objective of this research was the development of a novel synthetic method for preparation of silver/polymer nanocomposites containing finely dispersed silver nanoparticles. The surface of nanosilver was functionalized by amino groups, which then reacted with end acidic groups of polylactide (PLA) and its co-polymer with polyglycolide (PLGA). The condensation reaction was conducted in the presence of diisopropylcarbodiimide. Nanosilver coating with the polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and UV–vis spectroscopy. It was found that not only acid-terminated but also ester-terminated polymers can react with functionalized nanosilver. However, high dispersibility of the nanoparticles was achieved with acid-terminated polymers only. Obtained materials demonstrated X-ray contrast and bactericidal properties that makes possible their prospective application in biology and medicine.
SU-E-T-312: Diagnosis of Microbeam Broadening From a Prototype Nanotechnology Microbeam Radiation Therapy Device Using Gafchromic EBT2 Film

Purpose: Most commercial dosimeters are not suitable for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) due to the extremely small (<500μm) nature of the dose profiles inherent to this technique. This not only inhibits accurate dosimetry, but also hinders troubleshooting during the design of MRT devices. The aim of this work is to display that these problems can be overcome by using Gafchromic EBT2 film analyzed with FilmQA Pro. Methods: Using Gafchromic EBT2 film and single‐channel dosimetry, microbeam widening (by 20–30%) was observed during the long exposures necessary for delivering treatments to live mice, but was unobservable during short exposures. FilmQA Pro was used to analyze both short and long exposures with triple‐channel dosimetry to further explore this problem. In addition, a multiple exposure was taken in which the beam was left on for two hours and the film was shifted every ten minutes to display how microbeam shape changed with tube on‐time. Results: Films that simply displayed microbeam broadening when analyzed with single‐channel dosimetry appeared to show signs of having multiple peaks when analyzed with triple‐channel dosimetry. This effect was more pronounced for long exposures than short exposures, but clearly visible in both cases when analyzed with triple‐channel dosimetry. In the multiple exposure, the microbeam was shown to be moving as the on‐time increased. Total movement matched what had previously been observed as a 50% increase in beam size in the most severe cases. Conclusion: Gafchromic EBT2 film, when analyzed by triple‐channel dosimetry, is not only capable of precisely reproducing microbeam peak doses, but is also capable of resolving tiny defects in the beam profile. This has allowed us to more completely characterize our microbeam device, optimize its use to create the cleanest dose profile possible, and preempt these problems in the design of our second generation device.
Pressure induced changes in electron mobility in liquid neopentane and tetramethylsilane near the critical point

Abstract The effect of pressure on the mobility of excess electrons is reported near the critical temperature for liquid neopentane and tetramethylsilane. Under these conditions unusually large increases in mobility are observed for small pressure increments along isotherms. The results show that the mobility is primarily dependent on density and less on temperature and compressibility.
Assignment of the Human Fast Skeletal Troponin T Gene (TNNT3) to Chromosome 11p15.5: Evidence for the Presence of 11pter in a Monochromosome 9 Somatic Cell Hybrid in NIGMS Mapping Panel 2

Human fast skeletal troponin T (TnTf), the tropomyosin binding component of the multisubunit troponin complex, plays an important role in the Ca2+ regulation of striated muscle contraction. Specific primers designed from the 3' end of human TnTf cDNA were used to amplify an intronic region by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This TnTf-specific PCR product was detected from two somatic cell hybrids containing human chromosomes 9 and 11, respectively, in NIGMS mapping panel 2. However, further studies with other somatic hybrid cell lines (Bios Laboratory) localized the TnTf gene (HGMW-approved symbol TNNT3) only to chromosome 11. This observation was further confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 12-kb TnTf genomic probe generated by extended PCR, showing the sublocalization of the gene to band p15.5 on chromosome 11. This locus is of specific interest, as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and various childhood and adult tumor-related abnormalities have been mapped to this region. The study also indicates the presence of an 11pter region in the NIGMS cell hybrid GM10611, which has previously been reported to contain only human chromosome 9.
Does music induce emotion? A theoretical and methodological analysis.

Is music ubiquitous in part because it is causally linked to emotion? In this article, a comprehensive theoretical and methodological reevaluation is presented of a classical problem: The direct induction of emotion by music (M3 E). The author’s Prototypical Emotion-Episode Model (PEEM) is used in the conceptual critique. A close scrutiny of the major published studies, and the author’s new data regarding some substantive and methodological issues in several of these, reveal weak support for the M3 E model. The conclusion seems justified that music may induce low-grade basic emotions through mediators, such as dance and cognitive associations to real-world events. However, it is suggested— on
The effects of circumcision on serum cortisol and behavior.

Abstract (1) Circumcision (Gomco clamp method) produced 3- to 4-fold increases in serum cortisol concentrations at 30 min in 3- to 5-day-old human neonates. (2) Increases in serum cortisol concentrations were positively related to the neonates' state of behavioral arousal during circumcision. (3) Neonates given a pacifier to suck on during circumcision showed significantly less distress (crying). (4) Behavioral arousal during circumcision was inversely related to behavioral arousal in the half hour following circumcision.
Ionic channels and long-range electrical signals: a probabilistic interaction.

Abstract The synchronized activation of ionic channels generates long-range electrical signals that can be detected on the surface using EEG and MEG. We propose that the spatial and temporal properties of these signals during rhythmic activity are associated with the probabilistic attributes of the ionic channels. Specifically: (1) The EEG-signals present a phase relationship with the open probability of the channels that drives the rhythm, (2) The oscillatory preferences of the signals – the ‘EEG spectral profile’ – are determined by the location probability (concentration) of the channels. In order to test and apply the hypothesis, it is suggested to correlate open and location probabilities with changes in the structure and dynamic of water molecules, water protons and pH using novel MRI-techniques.
A null mutation at the mouse Phosphoglucomutase-1 locus and a new locus Pgm-3.

A null mutation at the phosphoglucomutase locus (Pgm-1) was discovered by electrophoretic analysis of the inbred mouse strain C57 BL/6J. The null allele (Pgm-1 n) was shown to segregate as a Mendelian unit alternative to the Pgm-1 a and Pgm-1 b alleles. Mice expressing the Pgm-1 n allele, either in the heterozygous or homozygous state, are viable, healthy, and fertile. The occurrence of the Pgm-1 n mutant revealed a previously unreported genetic locus (Pgm-3) that controls the expression of a third phosphoglucomutase. Two electrophoretically expressed alleles of Pgm-3 (inherited without dominance) are found in the inbred mouse strains C57 BL/6J and DBA/2J. Linkage observed between the Pgm-3 locus, the dilute locus (d) and the cytoplasmic malic enzyme locus (Mod-1) has allowed assignment of the Pgm-3 locus to chromosome 9. A striking tissue specific expression of Pgm-1 and Pgm-3 was observed. Products of the Pgm-3 locus were detected in kidney, testes, brain, and heart. In contrast, Pgm-1 controlled isozymes were present in kidney, spleen, ovaries, and erythrocytes.
Denny-Brown, Boston City Hospital, and the history of American neurology

Harvard University's Neurological Unit at Boston City Hospital (BCH) became the premier center for neurological training in the United States during the middle part of the 20th century. During part of this period (1939-1967), it was directed by Derek Denny-Brown, who had been recruited from England by Harvard president James Conant. The training program that Denny-Brown initiated at BCH emphasized neurology as a medical specialty, independent of psychiatry and neurosurgery. This program, which reflected Denny-Brown's British training, was remarkably effective and served as a model for rest of the country.
Metal carbonyl photochemistry in organic solvents: Femtosecond transient absorption and preliminary resonance Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Solvent effects in elementary chemical reactions are studied using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Photodissociation of M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo, or w) is examined in a variety of linear chain alcohols to ascertain the role of the solvent on the initial CO dissociation event. Resonance Raman experiments are also used to obtain more information about the reaction coordinate for CO dissociation. No significant solvent effects are seen on the short time (∼350 fs) transient absorption signal assigned to CO dissociation; however, effects are seen on an intermediate timescale attributed to differences in solvent complexation dynamics. Subsequent vibrational cooling of the nascent Cr (CO) 5 (SOLVENT) complex is observed consistent with earlier results.
931. Inhibition of VEGF Signaling Pathway and Tumor Metastasis

Top of pageAbstract Blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway appears to be an effective approach to suppress tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Because degree of tumor malignancy correlates with the expression of VEGF and the inverse expression of tumor suppressor gene p16, we examined whether restoration of wild-type p16 in cancer cells that lack p16 expression would modulate VEGF expression, and if so, how is the effect of p16 expression on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and mouse breast cancer cell line JygMC(A) were used as models for this study. To facilitate induction of p16 expression, a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus expressing human wild-type p16 (AdRSVp16) has been generated. Our study showed that adenoviral-mediated p16 expression downregulated VEGF expression at both mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer cells, as well as VEGF receptor activation. By using a chimeric VEGF promoter-reporter gene construct, we demonstrated that p16 downregulated VEGF gene expression at the transcriptional level. A molecular mechanism of how p16 modulates VEGF expression at the transcriptional level is proposed. By comparing with control virus-treated group, AdRSVp16 inhibited breast cancer angiogenesis in dorsal air sac and matrigel plug models, in vitro and in vivo growth of breast cancer cells, and metastasis in a subcutaneous metastasis model. The dual effects of p16's anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis were examined by simultaneously analyzing proliferation marker PCNA and neovascularization marker CD31 (immunohistochemistry), and apoptosis (TUNEL) inside the tumors. Our results showed that p16 has combinative effects on breast tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that p16 downregulates VEGF gene expression at the transcriptional level, inhibits angiogenesis, and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer cells. This study suggests that viral vector-based p16 gene therapy may have a clinical potential to treat breast cancer in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities.
Carbamate chiral surfactants for capillary electrophoresis

Abstract Chiral resolution in capillary electrophoresis (CE) was studied with several novel synthetic surfactants, which are synthesized from an amino acid ( l -leucine, l -valine, l -isoleucine, or l -serine) and an alkyl chloroformate with a chain length of C4 to C12. Several chiral drugs, including atenolol, benzoin, laudanosine, propranolol, ketamine, hydrobenzoin and nefopam were used as test compounds. It was found that resolution can be readily manipulated by varying the chain length, the amino acid and the surfactant concentration. Sulfonated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was also studied and compared with these novel surfactants. A different selectivity was found for sulfonated β-CD due to its distinct structure. Neither the new surfactants nor β-CD gave a satisfactory chiral resolution for all the seven drugs. However, a mixture of a surfactant and sulfated β-CD was suitable for chiral resolution of all seven drugs. These mixed reagents were also effective for CE resolution of eight dansyl amino acids.
Speckle noise in displays

A theory is presented which relates the minimum detectable contrast level for an object in the presence of noise to the statistics of the speckle. Consideration is given to smoothing of the noise by multiple looks and by area. Measurements of the minimum detectable contrast are made for two types of speckle noise. First, a coherent, plane wave is added to an ideal diffuse wave and the threshold of detection is established as a function of the beam ratio. Secondly, these results are compared to the technique of speckle smoothing using an N-fold intensity superposition of fully developed speckle pattens. Good agreement of experiments with theory is observed.
Married women's ideal family size preferences and family planning practices: Evidence from rural Kenya

Abstract This article examines the obtaining trends in women's ideal family size preferences and family planning practices in rural Kenya. By using primary data collected from three samples drawn from the Abagusii, Abaluyia and Masai ethnic groups, the research findings suggest a declining trend in ideal family size preferences and increasing rates in the adoption of family planning methods. These research findings holds some important implications for the reversion of the recorded high population growth rates particularly among the Abagusii and Abaluyia of western Kenya.
Dynamic Control of 3D Weld Pool Surface Based on Human Response Model

Abstract Skilled human welders are so far the only to be capable of producing quality welds against perturbations. They adjust welding parameters based on their observation on 3D weld pool surface. Modelling their response to the 3D pool surface thus leads to next generation intelligent welding robots without human physical limitations. This paper first models this response as a human intelligence based controller. Its controlled process, with 3D pool surface as output and welding parameters as input in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), is then Hammerstein modelled in order to analyse its effectiveness. Analysis shows that this controller robustly controls the 3D pool surface under various perturbations. Closed-loop control welding experiments further validated this effectiveness. A foundation is thus established to rapidly transform skilled human welder's intelligence into robotic welding systems.
Next Steps in Simulating High-risk Infectious Disease Propagation Networks

Abstract Simulating HIV transmission networks using agent-based systems has consistently shown promise during the last ten years. In this position paper we briefly discuss the state of the art, as elaborated on our previous work, and propose next steps that incorporate not only current HIV infection propagation approaches but also promising prevention strategies that include sociological markers. We stress that throughout translational validation will be key for approaching real impact in clinical outcomes. Finally, we place our proposed approach in the context of a real-life cohort that provides significant and relevant data on high-risk populations, HIV+ drug abusing patients that circulate through the U.S. jail system, and propose that the use of more complex sociological prevention markers may greatly enrich currently used biomarker-based approaches and provide with more sophisticated and nuanced results.
A new species of the genus Anelpistina (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Todos Santos, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Abstract Anelpistina californica, new species (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae), from the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico, is described. We report here the 16S rRNA sequence of this new species. The information in this study will be useful in future studies of nicoletiids from Baja California, especially those that use nicoletiids to calibrate molecular clocks. Baja California populations were separated from mainland continent populations in the late Miocene to Pliocene 13–5 mya when the Gulf of California appeared.
Rocket Motor Instability Studies

I two previous papers (1, 2), experimental data relating to the problems of combustion instability in 3-in. diam rocket motors were presented. Two types of axial oscillations were identified: (a) A low frequency type of instability (220-360 cps) which is distinguished by abrupt and severe variations in radiation intensity, (b) A high frequency type of instability (600-1500 cps) which corresponds to the propagation of waves longitudinally along the motor. In extreme cases these pressure pulses were transformed into shock waves. In the present paper, additional experimental evidence will be presented relating to these phenomena. All motors were 3-in. ID. Two different injector heads were used: a conventional impinging and a modified impinging (like-on-like type) injector. As described in (1), each injector head uses an injector plate consisting of a series of concentric rings containing drilled injector holes; alternate rings being for fuel and oxidizer. Pairs of liquid jets impinge approximately one inch downstream of the injector plate in the case of the conventional impinging injector, while for the modified impinging head, the impingement point is in the plane of the plate. Table 1 lists details of the injectors. The reactants used in all tests were ethyl alcohol and liquid oxygen.
Photocurrent modeling at high dose rates

An analytical steady-state photocurrent model that includes ohmic field effects and treats (nonlinear) ambipolar diffusion and nonlinear recombination effects explicitly is developed. The nonlinear recombination and ambipolar diffusion are solved exactly, and the asymptotic ohmic field is treated as an approximate perturbation with fitted parameters. The model is found to be in good agreement with numerical calculations and with experimental results. Appropriate Taylor series expansions and extensive parametric studies using the model indicate that the superlinear response is largest and occurs at smaller dose rates in relatively high-resistivity materials that have a long excess carrier lifetime and, if the material is n-type, a large tau /sub no// tau /sub po/ ratio. The nonlinearity is more pronounced for infinite-medium devices. For this reason, power devices are expected to exhibit more nonlinear behavior than integrated circuit devices. >