cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
T Cell Dependence of Macrophage Activation and Mobilization During Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mice made T cell-deficient as adults by thymectomy and lethal irradiation, and infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, showed a greatly reduced capacity to develop nonspecific resistance to challenge with a heterologous bacterium. The capacity to develop nonspecific resistance was restored, however, by an infusion of syngeneic thymocytes. Evidence was presented which showed that the capacity of mycobacteria-infected mice to resist a lethal challenge with a heterologous organism rested on the capacity of macrophages existing at the time of challenge to reduce the number of challenge organisms to a sublethal level within 8 h. This antibacterial activity of macrophages was substantially reduced in T cell-deficient mice but could be restored by an infusion of syngeneic thymocytes. It was concluded that T cell-deficient mice have a reduced capacity to mobilize and activate macrophages because of their reduced capacity to respond immunologically to antigens of M. tuberculosis.
The þyle and Scop in Beowulf

ON the day of his arrival at the stately and splendid court of King Hrothgar, where he has come to deliver the Danes from their monstrous enemy Grendel and where he has accordingly been received with honor and courtesy, Beowulf is subjected to an indignity as unseemly as it is surprising. In the midst of the welcoming feast held in the royal hall that evening, the entertainment a joyous affair marked by high ceremony and free flow of wine is suddenly interrupted. Without provocation Unferth, a Dane, attacks Beowulf in a speech (506-528) that is cunningly and bitingly insulting. "Are you," he begins, "that Beowulf who took on Breca in a swimming match, the two of you foolishly risking your lives in the sea?" And without pausing to allow a reply, he proceeds to recount the event (510-524), not in full but citing only certain details which, however incredible they may seem (the seven days and nights that the two swam and the vast distance that was covered), produce the effect he is after to discredit and disparage Beowulf. Adding insult to injury, Unferth then concludes (525-528) by expressing his doubts about Beowulf's chances against Grendel and whether he ought to take on the monster at all. The speech, brief as it is, is a masterpiece of invective, demonstrating in both substance and style a practiced skill in the art of ridicule, and casting aspersions of a kind any man might resent and an epic hero would have to. This unseemly attack by the king's entertainer, directed against the king's honored guest and in the presence of the king himself, poses two distinct but obviously related questions: Why does Unferth launch the attack? And why is he not reprimanded for it? The first is usually answered by pointing out that Unferth is a malicious trouble-maker (witness his name: Unferth = mar-peace) and is by nature jealous (witness the poet's comment: Unferth was greatly annoyed by Beowulf's coming, for he was always resentful of anyone who achieved more renown than he'), or that as the king's official piyle he is to be suspected of wickedness2 of one kind or another. But if it is malice, jealousy, or wickedness that inspires his attack, Unferth doubly deserves a reprimand not only for his gross discourtesy but also for his base motives. Hence such answers to the first question only succeed in posing the second more insistently.
Addressing the human dimensions of wolf reintroduction: An example using estimates of livestock depredation and costs of compensation

Abstract Efforts to reintroduce the wolf to the greater Yellowstone ecosystem were stalled again in 1991 when Congress rejected the recommendations of the Wolf Management Committee (WMC). I suggest that wolf reintroduction is a difficult policy problem, in part, because the human dimensions of the problem are difficult to assess and manage. Estimates of livestock depredation used by the WMC are analyzed to illustrate how they can be interpreted as incorrect and antagonistic by some stakeholders. Alternative estimates of livestock depredation and costs of compensation are presented. It is argued that what is important about such estimates is the process by which they are developed. Federal agencies working toward wolf recovery need to recognize that wolf reintroduction is a “stalking horse”; for the larger issue of land use change in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem. Therefore, wolf reintroduction needs to be treated as a major policy conflict. A state‐of‐the‐art environmental impact statement is now unde...
Semiconductor devices for fiber optic communication systems

We review the state-of-the-art of heterojunction-based integrated circuit technologies that have potential applications for time division multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) fiber optic communication systems.
Interaction of jet in hypersonic cross stream

A jet stream issuing normally from both sharp- and blunt-nose ogive-cylinder configurations into a hypersonic flow was investigated by a side-by-side experimental and numerical simulation. At a hypersonic Mach number of 12, strong interaction between jet-induced and bow shock wave systems, the jet plume trajectory, and the separated-flow surface shear pattern were highlighted for basic understanding. After the numerical solution was verified with the experimental data, the flowfield topology was reconstructed. Several unique features of this inviscid-viscous interaction phenomenon of shock-wave formation, vortical flow structure, and jet plume were delineated.
Addiction as a Computational Process Gone Awry

Addictive drugs have been hypothesized to access the same neurophysiological mechanisms as natural learning systems. These natural learning systems can be modeled through temporal-difference reinforcement learning (TDRL), which requires a reward-error signal that has been hypothesized to be carried by dopamine. TDRL learns to predict reward by driving that reward-error signal to zero. By adding a noncompensable drug-induced dopamine increase to a TDRL model, a computational model of addiction is constructed that over-selects actions leading to drug receipt. The model provides an explanation for important aspects of the addiction literature and provides a theoretic view-point with which to address other aspects.
FROM WHENCE THEY CAME—ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI IN AFRICAN WILDLIFE

Abstract The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is arguably the most important threat to human and animal health. The impacts of antimicrobial use can reach far from the site of prescription and wildlife may serve as a conduit for the movement of resistance across landscapes, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance within and between different reservoirs. We compared antimicrobial resistance and life history among wild and domestic species in Chobe, Botswana to explore key attributes and behaviors that may increase exposure and allow resistance to move between humans, animals, and ecosystems. Among 150 fecal samples evaluated from African animals, 41.3% contained Escherichia coli isolates that were resistant to one or two of 10 tested antibiotics, and 13.3% of isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance (three or more antibiotics). Resistance to each of the 10 tested antibiotics was detected among wildlife fecal samples. Resistance was widespread, but not ubiquitous, and isolates from wil...
A Study of New Hampshire × Barred Columbian Chicks from Two Days of Age to Ten Weeks of Age 2. Effect of Coccidiostats at Ten Weeks of Age

Abstract COCCIDIOSTATS are now widely used in commercial poultry rations. Grumbles et al. (1948) reported the average mortality due to coccidiosis of broilers started on clean litter and given 0.0125 percent sulfaquinoxaline continuously was 1.20 percent. The mortality due to coccidiosis of non-medicated controls was 17.43 percent. Singsen et al. (1948) found 0.01 or 0.02 percent sulfaquinoxaline in the feed did not reduce the growth of either male or female chicks up to eight weeks of age. The inclusion of 0.03 percent sulfaquinoxaline in the diet definitely retarded the growth of female chicks. Bletner et al. (1953) reported sulfaquinoxaline fed continuously for four weeks at levels of 0.00625 and 0.0125 percent did not affect either growth or feed utilization. A level of 0.05 percent fed continuously gave somewhat inconsistent results indicating that continuous feeding at this level may be slightly toxic in certain rations. Nitrophenide (3,3-dinitrodiphenyldi-sulfide) has been used as a …
The Effects of Person Versus Performance Praise on Children’s Motivation: Gender and age as moderating factors

Two studies were conducted to determine how gender and age moderate the long‐term and post‐failure motivational consequences of person versus performance praise. In Study 1, fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students (n = 93) engaged in a puzzle task while receiving either no praise, person praise, product praise, or process praise. Following a subsequent failure experience, behavioural measures indicated that product and process praise enhanced motivation and person praise dampened motivation for girls, but that there were few effects of praise on subsequent motivation for boys. In Study 2, a parallel procedure with preschool children (n = 76) showed that person, product, and process praise all enhanced motivation, relative to neutral feedback, for both girls and boys.
Primal and Dual Encoding from Applications into Quantified Boolean Formulas

Quantified Boolean Formulas QBF provide a good language for modeling many complex questions about deterministic systems, especially questions involving control of such systems and optimizing choices. However, translators typically have one set way to encode the description of a system and a property, or question about the system, often without distinguishing between the two. In many cases there are choices about encoding methods, and one method will be much easier for a particular solver. This paper shows how to encode a large class of problems into primal and dual versions with opposite answers, while avoiding the blow-up associated with a simple negation of the first encoding. The main point is that these encodings require knowledge of the underlying application; they are not automatic translations on a QBF. Trying to divide an arbitrary QBF into a system part and a property part is actually co-NP-hard. For proof of concept, primal and dual encodings were implemented for several problem families in QBFLIB. The primal encodings were already in QBFLIB. For leading publicly available QBF solvers, solving times often differed by factors over 100, between the primal and dual encoding of the same underlying problem. Therefore, running both encodings in parallel and stopping when one encoding is solved is an attractive strategy, even though CPU time on both processors is charged. For some families and some solvers, this strategy was significantly faster than running only the primal on all problems, or running only the dual on all problems. Implications for certificates are also discussed briefly.
A parsimonious stochastic model for forecasting gamers' revenues in casinos

The gaming industry is the largest entertainment industry in the United States, with more than $80 billion in revenue annually. Because of the stochasticity of gambling outcomes and the complexity of the casino context, forecasting individual-level revenues in a casino setting is extremely challenging, and yet crucial for customer relationship management. Current approaches for customer base analysis are usually too general to handle the unique context of the casino setting. To fill this gap between research and practice, this paper develops a stochastic model that incorporates visitation, wagering, and gambling outcomes to forecast gamers' revenues for a major casino operator. The proposed model is parsimonious and can be scaled to handle massive casino customer databases. Despite its parsimony, a holdout prediction test shows that the proposed model provides more accurate individual-level revenue predictions than other forecasting methods that are based only on the observed data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fructosamine and Glycated Albumin and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes and Death

Background—Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the standard measure to monitor glucose control in diabetes mellitus and is a marker of future cardiovascular risk. Fructosamine and glycated albumin are markers of short-term glycemic control, but their associations with cardiovascular outcomes are uncharacterized. Methods and Results—We measured glycated albumin and fructosamine in 11 104 participants with and without diabetes in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study in 1990 to 1992 (baseline). We evaluated associations of fructosamine and glycated albumin with risk of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and mortality. We compared associations with those observed for HbA1c. During two decades of follow-up there were 1096 new cases of coronary heart disease, 605 of ischemic stroke, 1432 of heart failure, and 2860 deaths. Elevated baseline concentrations of fructosamine and glycated albumin were significantly associated with each of the outcomes even after adjustment f...
Teaching and assessing an interdisciplinary science of design pilot course

The role of design and creativity is well established in many disciplines in science, engineering and art. However, in computing science disciplines, specifically in the development of software systems and information technology, the computing educational community is struggling to include creativity and design in their teaching and research. Existing curriculum in computing science lacks the foundation necessary to systematically include these concepts in the learning experience. At Humboldt State University (HSU), as part of the National Science Foundation Science of Design (SoD) initiative, the authors have initiated a NSF funded educational and research project CNS-0614003, to build an interdisciplinary community with interest, experience and knowledge in teaching and learning creativity and design. During the fall of 2006, fifteen faculty from thirteen disciplines explored a variety of activities to facilitate the teaching and learning of creativity and design from an interdisciplinary perspective. In this paper we share the interdisciplinary curriculum developed and the results of the independent evaluation of students self assessment of teaching the course for two consecutive years.
CD177: A member of the Ly-6 gene superfamily involved with neutrophil proliferation and polycythemia vera.

Genes in the Leukocyte Antigen 6 (Ly-6) superfamily encode glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored glycoproteins (gp) with conserved domains of 70 to 100 amino acids and 8 to 10 cysteine residues. Murine Ly-6 genes encode important lymphocyte and hematopoietic stem cell antigens. Recently, a new member of the human Ly-6 gene superfamily has been described, CD177. CD177 is polymorphic and has at least two alleles, PRV-1 and NB1. CD177 was first described as PRV-1, a gene that is overexpressed in neutrophils from approximately 95% of patients with polycythemia vera and from about half of patients with essential thrombocythemia. CD177 encodes NB1 gp, a 58–64 kD GPI gp that is expressed by neutrophils and neutrophil precursors. NB1 gp carries Human Neutrophil Antigen (HNA)-2a. Investigators working to identify the gene encoding NB1 gp called the CD177 allele they described NB1. NB1 gp is unusual in that neutrophils from some healthy people lack the NB1 gp completely and in most people NB1 gp is expressed by a subpopulation of neutrophils. The function of NB1 gp and the role of CD177 in the pathogenesis and clinical course of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia are not yet known. However, measuring neutrophil CD177 mRNA levels has become an important marker for diagnosing the myeloproliferative disorders polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia.
ADP-Ribosylargininyl reaction of cholix toxin is mediated through diffusible intermediates

Background: Cholix toxin is an ADP-ribosyltransferase found in non-O1/non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholera .T he catalytic fragment of cholix toxin was characterized as a diphthamide dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase. Results: Our studies on the enzymatic activity of cholix toxin catalytic fragment show that the transfer of ADP-ribose to toxin takes place by a predominantly intramolecular mechanism and results in the preferential alkylation of arginine residues proximal to the NAD + binding pocket. Multiple arginine residues, located near the catalytic site and at distal sites, can be the ADP-ribose acceptor in the auto-reaction. Kinetic studies of a model enzyme, M8, showed that a diffusible intermediate preferentially reacted with arginine residues in proximity to the NAD + binding pocket. ADP-ribosylarginine activity of cholix toxin catalytic fragment could also modify exogenous substrates. Auto-ADP-ribosylation of cholix toxin appears to have negatively regulatory effect on ADP-ribosylation of exogenous substrate. However, at the presence of both endogenous and exogenous substrates, ADP-ribosylation of exogenous substrates occurred more efficiently than that of endogenous substrates. Conclusions: We discovered an ADP-ribosylargininyl activity of cholix toxin catalytic fragment from our studies in auto-ADP-ribosylation, which is mediated through diffusible intermediates. The lifetime of the hypothetical intermediate exceeds recorded and predicted lifetimes for the cognate oxocarbenium ion. Therefore, a diffusible strained form of NAD + intermediate was proposed to react with arginine residues in a proximity dependent manner.
A new method for extracting topographic information from a single multispectral image

A new method for extracting the variation in brightness due to topography (topographic component) from multispectral imagery is described. A lookup table relates multispectral brightness values within a training area to the topographic component computed from elevation data for a given reflectance model. The lookup table can then be used to determine the topographic component directly from the imagery in areas where elevation data does not exist.
Diattenuation and polarization preservation of retinal nerve fiber layer reflectance.

The diattenuation spectrum of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) reflectance has been predicted to depend strongly on the relative refractive index (m) of light-scattering cylinders. To constrain the values of m, diattenuation of the RNFL reflectance of isolated rat retina was measured with a multispectral imaging micropolarimeter. The RNFL reflection has very weak intrinsic diattenuation at all wavelengths (400–830 nm), which rejects all values of m ≥ 1.03. Degree of polarization (DOP) for reflection from the RNFL was also measured. DOP was close to unity at all wavelengths, which indicates that the RNFL is a polarization-preserving reflector.
Current sensorless field oriented control of synchronous reluctance motor

The authors propose and examine a control strategy for a synchronous reluctance motor which eliminates the need for a current sensor. Control strategies, practical implementation, and performance of a current sensorless field-oriented control for a synchronous reluctance motor are presented. A field-oriented control scheme without current sensors which includes a voltage reference calculator which generates the required voltage references from the torque command and the motor speed is proposed. Excellent control performance has been obtained, which indicates that current sensorless field-oriented control of synchronous reluctance motors can be applicable in practical high-performance drive systems. >
Pseudo-Riemannian structures on Lie groups, computation of reachable sets via geodesics vs optimal control problems

One of the famous results in Riemannian geometry is the Hopf-Rinow theorem stating that any two points on a compact Riemannian manifold can be joined by a geodesic segment. The latter is tantamount to saying that the exponential function of the corresponding affine connection is subjective, thus it provides a parametrization of the manifold. In the case of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds this need not be true any longer, the geodesic segments starting at a fixed point will always cover a neighbourhood of that point, but they may fail to cover the whole manifold. Motivated by applications in special relativity there is a great interest in Lorentzian manifolds and the set of points that are reachable along nonspace-like curves. We consider the case that the manifold is a Lie group and show how the Pontryagin maximum principle can be used to compute this reachable set. However, this need not yield a complete parametrization of the reachable set, but at least we obtain a parametrization of an open and dense subset whereas the geodesics may leave out big parts.
Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an MRI method that enables the measurement of tissue perfusion without the use of exogenous contrast agents by magnetically tagging the water in inflowing blood.1 It was first proposed in the early 1990s and, since then, has been primarily a research technique. Recent advances in pulse sequence design and the more widespread availability of higher-field (ie, 3T) MRI scanners, both of which improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the technique dramatically, have resulted in increased adoption in the clinical neuroimaging community. All 3 major MRI vendors now support some form of ASL imaging as a product. At first glance, it would seem that ASL is a particularly ill-suited technique to image acute ischemic stroke. The ASL signal is roughly proportional to cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is markedly decreased in the core of large vessel ischemic stroke. Furthermore, what CBF does remain is often supplied by circuitous collateral routes, leading to longer arterial arrival times. Because the magnetic label decays with the blood T1 (typically between 1.2 and 1.8 s at clinical magnetic field strengths), the ASL signal will not accurately represent CBF in these regions under normal operating conditions. Finally, there is extensive research and clinical experience with another MRI perfusion method, bolus dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), which can be acquired relatively rapidly in the acute setting. Remarkably, despite these limitations, an increasing number of studies are showing that there is a place for ASL in the workup of acute ischemic stroke with MRI. In this review, I highlight recommended imaging parameters for ASL stroke studies, discuss typical image quality and artifacts, review the recent clinical literature of ASL in stroke (particularly vis a vis the more routine and accepted method of DSC), mention limitations, and finally discuss the future of this promising …
Mindfulness Research Update: 2008

OBJECTIVE: To briefly review the effects of mindfulness on the mind, the brain, the body, and behavior. METHODS: Selective review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases (2003-2008) using the terms "mindfulness", "meditation", "mental health", "physical health", "quality of life", and "stress reduction." A total of 52 exemplars of empirical and theoretical work were selected for review. RESULTS: Both basic and clinical research indicate that cultivating a more mindful way of being is associated with less emotional distress, more positive states of mind, and better quality of life. In addition, mindfulness practice can influence the brain, the autonomic nervous system, stress hormones, the immune system, and health behaviors, including eating, sleeping and substance use, in salutary ways. CONCLUSION: The application of cutting-edge technology toward understanding mindfulness - an "inner technology" - is elucidating new ways in which attention, awareness, acceptance, and compassion may promote optimal health - in mind, body, relationships, and spirit.
[The analysis of "a" dominant mutation of hepatitis B virus in community-based population of Shandong Province, China].

Objective To determine the rate and type of "a" dominant mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in community-based population of Shandong province and the possible effect of hepatitis B vaccination upon "a" dominant mutation. Methods The anticipants aged 1-59 years were selected by multi-stage random sampling from the general population of Shandong province. Hepatitis B vaccination status was obtained by inquisition (for those over 15 years old) or immunization record (for those under 14 years old). The blood samples were collected and detected for HBsAg by ELISA. HBV DNA was extracted from the sera with positive HBsAg and S gene was amplified by nested-PCR. The PCR produce was sequenced and compared with the standard sequence. Results Overall, 7601 anticipants were investigated.HBV DNA was successfully amplified and sequenced in 102 of 239 samples with positive HBsAg. 14. 70% sera samples mutated in HBV "a" determinant region and 13 mutation types were detected. There were no statistically differences in the mutation rate by age groups ( born before or after national universal infant hepatitis B vaccination) and hepatitis B vaccination status. Conclusion The "a" determinant mutation seemed to be uncommon in community-based population of Shandong province and the mutation sites were relatively scattered. Hepatitis B vaccination has no effect on "a" dominant mutation of hepatitis B virus. Key words: Hepatitis B virus; Antigens; Mutation
Kinetics of the Self-Reaction of C2H5 Radicals

The kinetics of the self-reaction of ethyl radicals was studied by laser photolysis/photoionization mass spectroscopy. Overall rate constants were obtained in direct real-time experiments in the te...
Post-ischaemic cardiac dilatation and remodelling: reperfusion injury of the interstitium

Cardiac size and geometry have an important influence on clinical prognosis in heart disease. The cardiac interstitium would appear to play a major role in modulating muscle configuration after ischaemic insults. Ischaemic reperfusion injury of the heart should not be viewed as confined to the myocyte compartment. There are major events occurring in the interstitial compartment which could ultimately determine the long-term configuration and topography of the heart. Thus, permanent plastic changes in cardiac dimensions appear to evolve after initial alterations in the collagen matrix. The physiological, cellular, biochemical, and molecular considerations in the cardiac interstitium are quite different from those of the myocyte compartment. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions to modulate cardiac geometry and remodelling may differ.
Strategies of Developing Sports Teaching Knowledge for Pre-service Teachers

Starting with pre-service knowledge,this paper analyzes the knowledge of teaching in physical education,its characteristics,and historical origin,and proposes the following:pre-service knowledge of teaching program,reasonable structuring of teaching stuff,to construct the specialized knowledge of developing pre-service teachers.
Chronic respiratory failure: Utilization of a pediatric specialty integrated care program.

Abstract Objective Describe utilization and satisfaction in a specialty integrated care program for children with severe, chronic respiratory insufficiency (CRI). Subjects Enrollees of the Critical Care, Anesthesia, Perioperative Extension (CAPE) and Home Ventilation Program. Methods Children with CRI received home visits, care coordination, and “on-demand” 24/7 access to physicians. Program activity and outcomes were recorded for 3 years using an adapted Care Coordination Measurement Tool© version. Parents completed the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS). Patient characteristics, program activity, clinical outcomes, utilization, and satisfaction were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results CAPE provided care for 320 patients from 2012 to 2014 with a median of 7 encounters per year. Neuromuscular (n=132, 41%), chronic lung disease (n=37, 12%), and congenital heart disease (n=13, 4%) represented the majority of underlying conditions. Services included 905 home, 504 clinic, and 3633 telephone encounters, of which 43.6% included a care coordination activity. CAHPS (n=102) revealed that 92.1% (n=93) of children had at least one non-urgent (i.e., routine) visit and nearly two-thirds (64.7%, n=66) reported the need for urgent or emergency care. Overall, parents were highly satisfied with CAPE, with a mean satisfaction rating of 9.3 (±1.3) out of 10. Most parents reported that the CAPE team understood the child’s (96.0%, n=95) and family’s day-to-day life (86.9%, n=86). Conclusions When given open access to an intregated care program, children in our highly complex population required a median of 7 encounters per year. We believe that this experience is scalable and may inform other organizations contemplating similar services.
Analysis of Urine lead of Lead Exposed Workers in Mouping District of Yantai City

[Objective] To learn the lead level in urine of lead exposed workers,so as to take effective prevention and treatment measures,and to prevent lead poisoning and protect the health of lead exposed workers.[Methods] 100ml morning urine of 534 lead exposed workers engaged in industries such as smelting,storage battery,printing,oil etc were collected.Atomic fluorescence spectrometer was used to detect the urine lead.[Results](1) Of 534 workers,123(23.02%) were over standard;(2) The over standard rate of workers in smelting and storage battery industry is obviously higher than that of printing and oil industry.(3) The over standard rate of workers with lead exposed for 1-2 years and above 8 years is higher than others.(4) The over standard rate of male is higher than female.(5) The over standard rate of workers of individual enterprises is higher than workers of state owned enterprises.[Conclusion]There are differences between industries,work types,service length and enterprise types shown in the urine lead detection of lead exposed workers in Mouping district.It is necessary to promote the enterprise technical improvement and innovation,improve working environment,strengthen the sense of self-protection and take periodical monitoring and physical examination.
Clinical implications of acute pelvicaliceal hematoma formation during percutaneous catheter nephrostomy insertion

Abstract Purpose To determine the clinical implications of acute pelvicaliceal hematoma formation during percutaneous catheter nephrostomy (PCN) insertion. Methods Collecting system hematoma burden was retrospectively assessed for 694 PCN insertions in 502 patients. Results Pelvicaliceal hematoma formation occurred in 146 kidneys (21%) in 136 patients. Clinically significant blood loss occurred in 3 patients with hematomas within one week compared to 4 patients without hematomas (p = 0.39). Twenty-four patients with hematomas underwent catheter exchange within one week, compared to 55 patients without hematomas (p = 0.49). Conclusion Pelvicaliceal hematoma formation after PCN insertion is not uncommon and is associated with very rare clinical sequelae.
Challenges and Opportunities in Disclosing Financial Interests to Patients

Health care is built on trust. Although health care–related trust has multiple dimensions, the most fundamental is the patient’s trust that his or her physician will always put the interest of the patient first—including before the physician’s financial gain. This trust arises from perceptions of the physician’s expertise and competence, beliefs about the physician’s values and professionalism, and direct experiences with caring and communication. Despite its critical importance for effective health care, trust has declined in health care, as well as many other segments of US society, over recent decades.1,2 Between the 1960s and 2012, the proportion of the US public reporting great confidence in the leaders of the medical profession declined from 73% to 34%.
Lactation has persistent effects on a mother's metabolism and mitochondrial function

Human epidemiological data show that breastfeeding reduces the prevalence of numerous diseases compared to mothers that give birth but do not participate in lactation. The goal of this study was to determine if differences in metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress underlie the protective phenotype found in lactating women. Ten-week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 8 per group): 1) rats that did not reproduce (NR), 2) rats that were allowed to mate and become pregnant but did not suckle their pups after giving birth (NL), and 3) rats that were allowed to mate and become pregnant and suckled their pups for 21 days before weaning (L). All animals were sacrificed at approximately 7 months of age, a time corresponding to 15 weeks after the NL and L females gave birth. Liver mitochondrial respiration was higher in L rats when using NADH-linked substrates and these rats had lower serum glucose concentration. Additionally, the L group exhibited changes in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue PPARδ protein levels that may, in part, explain the observed lower serum glucose concentration. These novel animal findings provide evidence of differences in metabolic processes that persist months after weaning.
Where You End and I Begin: Understanding Intimate Co-creation

Creative work is a social process that requires effective collaboration between individuals. Accordingly, theories account for the ways creativity takes place in teams and groups and the role that ...
Outcomes of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in hospitalized cancer patients.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy is a critical complication of treatment for cancer. The emotional stress of a cancer diagnosis, ongoing chemotherapy, abnormal cancer-related wasting syndrome may contribute to cardiac morbidity in these patients. The burden of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TCM) in cancer patients is unknown. The incidence of TCM and related outcomes in cancer patients was investigated in this study. The 2007–2013 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was analyzed for patients with a prior and new diagnosis of TCM with and without malignancy. Risk factors for mortality were adjusted for associated conditions by multivariable logistic regression analysis. From 2007 to 2013, an estimated 122,855 adults were admitted with a diagnosis of TCM. In 2013, the incidence of admissions in US of patients with coexisting TCM and malignancy was 1.13%. Patients admitted for TCM with coexisting malignancy had a significantly higher mortality (13.8 vs. 2.9%, p < 0.0001), length of stay (7 vs. 4 days, p < 0.0001) and total charges ($29,291 vs. $36,231, p < 0.0001), compared to those with no malignancy. In patients with a primary diagnosis of TCM and without any underlying malignancy, males had a higher mortality (4.02 vs. 1.03%, p < 0.0001), whereas there was no gender difference in mortality in those with coexisting malignancy (6.25 vs. 6.45%, p = 0.965). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with mortality were solid cancer (OR 3.43, p = 0.008), stroke (OR 18.33, p < 0.0001) and heart failure (OR 1.918, p = 0.004). Outcomes are significantly worse in patients with TCM and malignancy. Hence, this patient population must be regarded as high-risk and early diagnostic consideration for TCM is warranted. Early intervention may help lower mortality, decrease resource utilization and reduce the health care costs in these patients.
Quantification of radar QPE performance based on SENSR network design possibilities

In 2016, the FAA, NOAA, DoD, and DHS initiated a feasibility study for a Spectrum Efficient National Surveillance Radar (SENSR). The goal is to assess approaches for vacating the 1.3- to 1.35-GHz radio frequency band currently allocated to FAA/DoD long-range radars so that this band can be auctioned for commercial use. As part of this goal, the participating agencies have developed preliminary performance requirements that not only assume minimum capabilities based on legacy radars, but also recognize the need for enhancements in future radar networks. The relatively low density of the legacy radar networks, especially the WSR-88D network, had led to the goal of enhancing low-altitude weather coverage. With multiple design metrics and network possibilities still available to the SENSR agencies, the benefits of low-altitude coverage must be assessed quantitatively. This study lays the groundwork for estimating Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) differences based on network density, array size, and polarimetric bias. These factors create a pareto front of cost-benefit for QPE in a new radar network, and these results will eventually be used to determine appropriate tradeoffs for SENSR requirements. Results of this study are presented in the form of two case examples that quantify errors based on polarimetric bias and elevation, along with a description of eventual application to a national network in upcoming expansion of the work.
MetaPOAP: Presence or Absence of Metabolic Pathways in Metagenome-Assembled Genomes

Summary Genome-resolved metagenomics allows the construction of draft microbial genomes from short-read shotgun metagenomics (Metagenome-Assembled Genomes, or MAGs); however, even high-quality MAGs are typically somewhat incomplete and contain a small amount of contaminant sequence, making accurate prediction of metabolic potential challenging. Here, we describe MetaPOAP, an algorithm for probabalistic assessment of the statistical likelihoods for the presence or absence of metabolic pathways in MAGs. Availability and implementation MetaPOAP is available as Python scripts on GitHub or from the Fischer lab webpage, https://github.com/lmward/MetaPOAP. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intermittent constriction of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus: a cause for concern?

In November 1999, a 35-year-old woman was referred for a routine screening fetal echocardiogram at 23 weeks' gestation because she had previously given birth to a child with congenital heart disease. The current pregnancy was uncomplicated. A level I ultrasound examination at 20 weeks' gestation had been normal. The mother had not been ill, nor had she ingested any medications during her pregnancy. The initial fetal echocardiogram at 23 weeks demonstrated constriction of the ductus arteriosus, with a 20–25 mmHg ductal gradient from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta (Fig. 1). The remainder of the fetal echocardiogram was normal: there was no evidence of ventricular dysfunction, valvular regurgitation, or hydrops fetalis. Repeat fetal echocardiography at 26 weeks' gestation revealed normal ductal patency. Color-flow and pulse-wave Doppler examinations were normal (Fig. 2). Another echocardiographic examination at 29 weeks' gestation was also normal; however, at 33 weeks the ductus was again noted to be constricted at its distal insertion into the descending aorta. Fig. 1 A) Fetal 2-D echocardiogram in the short-axis view at 23 weeks' gestation reveals the constricted ductus arteriosus. B) Color-flow Doppler echocardiogram in the short-axis view demonstrates flow acceleration in the ductus arteriosus. C) Pulse-wave ... Fig. 2 A) Color-flow Doppler echocardiogram at 26 weeks' gestation shows normal flow through the fetal ductus arteriosus. B) Pulse-wave Doppler shows normal flow velocities (<1 m/s) in the ductus arteriosus. Intrauterine growth retardation was noted at 37 weeks' gestation. Amniocentesis revealed a mature fetus, and elective induction of labor was performed. Delivery of the infant was uneventful, and Apgar scores were normal (9 at 1 and 5 minutes). The placenta was also examined and found to be normal. Except for small size (birth weight, 2.4 kg), the newborn physical examination was completely normal. Echocardiography was performed immediately after delivery. This study revealed constriction of the ductus arteriosus at the distal insertion into the descending aorta, similar to that noted on the fetal echocardiograms at 23 and 33 weeks (Fig. 3). The remainder of the ductus arteriosus was widely patent. A mild to moderate degree of left-to-right shunting was present at the ductal level. The remainder of the neonatal echocardiogram was normal for age. Fig. 3 A) Neonatal 2-D echocardiogram in the short-axis view reveals the constricted ductus arteriosus. B) Color-flow Doppler demonstrates constriction of the ductus at its point of insertion into the descending aorta. This case demonstrates that intermittent constriction of the ductus arteriosus can occur in the absence of identifiable causes. In these cases, the fetus may be at risk for intrauterine complications, including growth retardation, cardiac compromise, and hydrops fetalis. Careful echocardiographic follow-up throughout gestation seems warranted.
E. H. Hall and Physics at Hopkins: The Background to Discovery

Edwin Hall’s experiment, performed almost exactly one hundred years ago, had an elegant simplicity to it. A current from a carbon-zinc battery was passed through a strip of gold foil (2 cm. × 9 cm.) fixed firmly on a glass plate by means of brass clamps. The plate bearing the gold leaf was placed between the poles of an electromagnet is such a way that the lines of magnetic force passed perpendicularly through the horizontal plane of the foil. Opposite edges at the mid-point of the gold foil strip were tapped to a high-resistance galvanometer in order to detect any influence of the strong magnetic field on the current flowing through the gold foil. The results indicated the existence of an electromotive force at right angles to the direction of the primary current and perpendicular to the magnetic field. It was this transverse potential, produced by the action of an external magnetic field on a permanent current, which became known as “the Hall effect.”
Interaction of Uranyl with Humic and Fulvic Acids at High Ionic Strength

The binding of UO2 2+ to two different humic acids (one predominantly aliphatic and the other predominantly aromatic) and a fulvic acid has been studied at high ionic strengths (in NaCl medium) by solvent extraction. The results indicate that the aliphatic vs. aromatic nature of humic acids does not influence significantly the binding of UO2 2+. Increases in both the ionic strength and pH cause an increase in the binding constants of the complexes. The complexes with the fulvic acid are weaker than those with the humic acids.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Adhesive Strength of CVD Polycrystalline Diamond Coatings Deposited on Sialon Substrates

In this report we demonstrate the use of optical and acoustic microscopy to nondestructively examine chemically vapour deposited (CVD) diamond coatings with simulated machining damage. During machining, a coated tool insert is subjected to both normal and shearing stresses in the process zone. Machining tests conducted early in this investigation revealed that these stresses resulted in spalling of the CVD diamond coating on the tool flank and rake face resulting in substantially increased wear. Further, it was discovered that the adhesive strength of the coating was extremely sensitive to many of the coating parameters such as roughness of the substrate, coating thickness, percent methane, coating temperature and pressure, etc. A decision was therefore made to utilize a simpler test to evaluate the adhesive strength of a particular coating and thus demonstrate a nondestructive evaluation method in order to optimize the parameters of the coating test matrix prior to conducting machining tests.
The Seagull : An Insiders' Account of the Groundbreaking Moscow Production

This book is an insiders’ account of the groundbreaking Moscow production of Chekhov's The Seagull directed by Anatoly Efros in 1966, which heralded a paradigm shift in the interpretation and staging of Chekhov’s plays. It is a unique glimpse behind the curtain of the laboratory of new Russian theatre in the twentieth century. Efros' articles about Chekhov and The Seagull, his diaries, interviews and conversations, and most importantly the original rehearsal records combine to form an in-depth account of of the director and his working process. This is an essential book for anyone with an interest in Chekhov and the history of modern Russian theatre.
Visual recognition of the female body axis drives spatial elements of male courtship in Drosophila melanogaster

Summary Like other mating behaviors, the courtship ritual exhibited by male Drosophila towards a virgin female is comprised of spatiotemporal sequences of innate behavioral elements. Yet, the specific stimuli and neural circuits that determine when and where males release individual courtship elements are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of visual object recognition in the release of specific behavioral elements during bouts of male courtship. By using a computer vision and machine learning based approach for high-resolution analyses of the male courtship ritual, we show that the release of distinct behavioral elements occur at stereotyped locations around the female and depends on the ability of males to recognize visual landmarks present on the female. Specifically, we show that independent of female motion, males utilize unique populations of visual projection neurons to recognize the eyes of a target female, which is essential for the release of courtship behaviors at their appropriate spatial locations. Together, these results provide a mechanistic explanation for how relatively simple visual cues could play a role in driving both spatially- and temporally-complex social interactions.
Kondensation α‐Chlor‐substituierten Carbonyl‐Verbindungen mit Thiophenen und Furanen

α-Chlor-β.β-dithienyl-alkane 3a–3p und α-Chlor-β.β-difuryl-alkane 4a–4e lassen sich durch Saure-katalysierte Kondensation α-Chlor-substit. Aldehyde und Ketone mit Thiophen, Alkylthiophenen, Chlorthiophenen, Alkylfuranen und Chlorfuranen in guten Ausbeuten darstellen. Condensation of α-Chloro-substituted Carbonyl Compounds with Thiophenes and Furans α-Chloro-β,β-dithienyl-alkanes 3a–3p and α-chloro-β,β-difuryl-alkanes 4a–4e are obtained in good yields by acid-catalyzed condensation of α-chloro-substituted aldehydes and ketones with thiophene, alkylthiophenes, chlorothiophenes, alkylfurans and chlorofurans.
Some Linear-Quadratic Stochastic Differential Games Driven by State Dependent Gauss-Volterra Processes

In this paper a two player zero sum stochastic differential game in a finite dimensional space having a linear stochastic equation with a state dependent Gauss-Volterra noise is formulated and solved with a quadratic payoff for the two players and a finite time horizon. The control strategies are continuous linear state feedbacks. A Nash equilibrium is verified for the game and the two optimal strategies are obtained using a direct method that does not require solving nonlinear partial differential equations or forward-backward stochastic differential equations. The Gauss-Volterra processes are singular integrals of a standard Brownian motion and include various types of fractional Brownian motions as well as some other Gaussian processes.