cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tunnel diodes for low noise amplification

The noise generated by tunnel diodes in amplifier circuits is directly proportional to the product of the negative resistance and current at the operating point in the negative resistance portion of the I-V characteristic. In this paper, the factors influencing the negative resistance-current product, referred to as the shot noise constant K, will be discussed. Design factors that can be introduced to minimize K, and limitations thereof, will be reviewed. Experimental results on germanium tunnel diodes designed for low noise amplification will be presented to show the correlation of experimental measurements with the theoretical background discussed previously. A new approach to the problem of obtaining low noise constant diodes will then be presented. This includes: a) Reasons for the selection of gallium antimonide as a choice semiconductor material for low noise tunnel diodes. b) A review of the metallurgy of this material and a general description of GaSb tunnel diode fabrication technology, c) A summary of results achieved to date showing the superiority of GaSb tunnel diodes over germanium units for low noise amplifier applications.
Health beliefs and desire to improve cholesterol levels among patients with hyperlipidemia.

Abstract Objective Because hyperlipidemia is asymptomatic, many veterans affairs (VA) patients may not perceive it seriously. We assessed key Health Belief model concepts to describe patients’ cholesterol-related health beliefs and examine associations between patient-level factors and desire to improve cholesterol control. Methods We used baseline data from an ongoing randomized clinical trial. Eligible patients were receiving care at the Durham VA and had CVD risk-total cholesterol levels >130 mg/dL and/or Results Approximately 64% ( n = 155) of patients perceived high cholesterol as ‘very serious’. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, patients who perceived high cholesterol as ‘very serious’ (OR 2. 26, p = 0.032) and/or with high self-efficacy (OR 4.70, p Conclusion The factors most significantly associated with desire to improve cholesterol control were perceiving hyperlipidemia as ‘very serious and self-efficacy for cholesterol control. Practice implication Educating patients, with the goal of appropriately increasing their perceived risk of disease, is likely necessary to impact cholesterol control.
A sub-nanomolar real-time nitric oxide probe: in vivo nitric oxide release in heart.

BACKGROUND Amperometric nitric oxide probes are critical in evaluating real-time nitric oxide levels. This valuable tool enables one to measure spontaneous baseline levels of nitric oxide as well as 'puffs' of the gaseous signal molecule that may last for only seconds to minutes. However, in the past, many probes suffered from a lack of sensitivity, durability and reliability, causing investigators to design numerous controls to support their data. MATERIAL/METHODS Our laboratory evaluated the new ISO-NOPF100 NO probe manufactured by World Precision Instruments of Sarasota, Florida. An invertebrate in vivo heart preparation was used, which presents a high degree of difficuly in obtaining nitric oxide measurements due to space limitations, resulting in physical contact of the probe with tissues. Additionally, we used in vitro invertebrate ganglionic preparations as a comparison since this tissue releases spontaneous and low levels of NO. RESULTS Calibration of the new probe demonstrated high linearity and sensitivity. The detection limit for this new probe was determined to be approximately two times lower than probes previously used in our laboratory. Basal nitric oxide fluctuations in Mytilus edulis heart and excised ganglia were able to be resolved in the sub-nanomolar range. CONCLUSIONS The ISO-NOPF100 NO probe represents a significant advancement for measuring nitric oxide in real-time.
Communicating about Care: Addressing Federal-State Issues in Peer Review and Mediation to Promote Patient Safety

The study of medical error and patient safety requires an open communications environment to discuss systems characteristics that may lead to improvements in quality and safety. However, ex ante discussions of error characteristics by providers and ex post discussion of errors with patients as part of a system of error disclosure may be inhibited by limited legal protections of this highly sensitive information, particularly at the cusp of the federal-state legal interface. In this piece, the authors review the conflicts and inconsistencies between and within federal and state law in the area of peer review/quality assurance privilege and mediation confidentiality that may impede communications regarding health delivery systems. They identify key areas that require attention to encourage a discussion of safety between all relevant parties. The authors conclude by proposing a federal statute that addresses issues of confidentiality and may promote deeper and more extensive discussions of system characteristics that may improve safety and empower patients to be part of the health delivery team.
Screening for HIV infection.

How you ask is a critical part of the process Worldwide, approximately 37 million people are infected with HIV and approximately 46% of infections remain undiagnosed.1 The proportion of undiagnosed cases is lower in industrialized countries, although the burden of people living with undiagnosed infection remains substantial. For example, approximately 13% of the 1.2 million people living with HIV in the United States do not have a diagnosis.2 Moreover, people without a diagnosis contribute disproportionately to transmission of the virus, accounting for about 30% of HIV transmissions.3 Testing for HIV infection remains a critical first step in a series of interventions aimed at controlling the epidemic.4 People who test positive for HIV can then engage in care and attain viral suppression, which dramatically limits the possibility of forward transmission.5 Besides knowing who should be offered HIV testing, maximizing acceptance when HIV testing is offered is a vital piece of the process and may significantly …
Somatotopic Changes of the Stylohyoid Muscle Subnucleus After Section and Repair of the Facial Nerve

Peripheral nerve injury induces a series of changes along the circuit levels of the involved nerve, from the cortex to the periphery. Functional regeneration should be influenced by these changes. In the present work, the rat facial nerve was sectioned and repaired at the stylomastoid for-amen. From 3 to 21 monts after surgery, the somatotopic rearrangement of the motor facial nucleus was studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected in the isolated stylohyoid muscle to retrogradely label the parent motoneuron pool in the brain stem. The most important findings can be summarized as follows: (1) the volume of the subnucleus was markedly increased after regeneration because of the more dispersed motoneuron pattern as compared to the intact controls; (2) more than 80% of the HRP-labeled motoneurons were located outside the borders of the control stylohyoid subnucleus overlying the other subnucleus either in the main nucleus of the facial nerve and dorsally to the main nucleus or outside the borders of the accessory nucleus of the facial nerve; (3) the stylohyoid muscle subnucleus showed a bilateral somatotopic representation in 50% of the operated animals because of HRP-labeled motoneurons in the contralateral facial nerve nucleus; (4) the number of HRP-labeled motoneurons was increased twofold with respect to the intact controls; (5) the mean soma diameter of motoneurons was similar in both the operated and intact control rats. This study provides original information on the plastic changes which occur in the stylohyoid muscle subucleus following regeneration of the facial nerve. These data provide the basis for comparative anatomofunctional studies.
Improved outcomes with direct percutaneous CT guided lumbar synovial cyst treatment: advanced approaches and techniques

Purpose To determine if lumbar synovial cyst rupture in symptomatic patients results in improved clinical outcome when using direct tandem and/or coaxial percutaneous CT guided techniques. Materials and methods 20 patients with unilateral lower extremity radiculopathy and/or low back pain underwent CT guided percutaneous treatment for their symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts. Cysts were identified with the use of a low osmolar non-ionic contrast agent via facet joint injection or through direct injection. Cyst rupture, using a direct tandem and/or coaxial technique, was attempted in all patients using an 18 gauge guide needle and a 22 gauge insert needle. Following attempted cyst aspiration, cyst rupture was performed using 1–3 mL of a mixture of methylprednisolone (2 mL, 80 mg) and bupivacaine (3 mL, 0.5%). All patients were followed-up in clinic for a minimum of 6 months after their procedures and up to a maximum of 24 months. Results 11 patients were male and nine were female, with an average age of 65.6 years. 17 patients presented with severe unilateral lower extremity radiculopathy and three patients were experiencing low back pain. One of the patients had two synovial cysts, and therefore a total of 21 lumbar synovial cysts were treated in this group of patients. Direct cyst puncture was achieved using a tandem technique in nine patients, a coaxial interlaminar approach in seven patients, a coaxial transforaminal approach in two patients, and a coaxial trans-facet approach in three patients. Cyst rupture was documented in all cases, as evidenced by CT confirmation of cyst decompression and contrast agent extravasation into the epidural space. The mean surveillance period in these patients was 18 months. Six patients experienced their usual radicular pain within 2 months of their treatment. Four of these patients were re-treated for recurrent smaller cysts. These patients have not had a recurrence at 24 months of follow up. Two of these six patients elected to undergo open surgical decompression without symptomatic improvement. No treatment related complications were observed in this group of patients. Conclusions Direct tandem and/or coaxial percutaneous CT guided techniques for rupture and treatment of symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts reduces recurrence rates and therefore helps avoid more invasive open surgical procedures in this group of patients.
Health-care availability, preference, and distance for women in urban Bo, Sierra Leone.

To examine the diversity of the health-care providers in urban Bo, Sierra Leone, identify the types of health-care facilities preferred by women for fevers, and analyze the road network distances from homes to preferred health-care providers. A population-based random sampling method was used to recruit 2419 women from Bo. A geographic information system was used to measure the road distance from each woman’s home to her preferred provider. Preferred health-care providers for acute febrile illnesses (commonly referred to as “malaria” in the study communities) were hospitals (62.3 %), clinics (12.6 %), and pharmacies (12.4 %). Participants lived a median distance of 0.6 km from the nearest provider, but on average each woman lived 2.2 km one-way from her preferred provider. Women living farther from the city center had preferred providers significantly farther from home than women living downtown. The diverse health-care marketplace in Bo allows women to select clinical facilities from across the city. Most women prefer a malaria care provider farther from home than they could comfortably walk when ill.
Quality of health care. Part 3: improving the quality of care.

Quality of care is making a comeback. After more than two decades of preoccupation with the costs of health care, more attention is being devoted to quality. But much of the attention is coming from unlikely sources — organizations more often associated with efforts to reduce costs. Employers are talking about the quality of health care.1,2 Managed-care companies and insurers talk about it.3,4 Data touted as measures of quality are increasingly appearing in newspaper and magazine articles.5–7 The Health Care Financing Administration and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) have called for a more . . .
Local Standards for Sample Size at CHI

We describe the primary ways researchers can determine the size of a sample of research participants, present the benefits and drawbacks of each of those methods, and focus on improving one method that could be useful to the CHI community: local standards. To determine local standards for sample size within the CHI community, we conducted an analysis of all manuscripts published at CHI2014. We find that sample size for manuscripts published at CHI ranges from 1 -- 916,000 and the most common sample size is 12. We also find that sample size differs based on factors such as study setting and type of methodology employed. The outcome of this paper is an overview of the various ways sample size may be determined and an analysis of local standards for sample size within the CHI community. These contributions may be useful to researchers planning studies and reviewers evaluating the validity of results.
Religiosity, sexual behavior, and contraceptive use of college females

Abstract A multidimensional religiosity scale and a sexual behavior and contraceptive use inventory was completed by 231 female college students. Respondents were classified into groups according to sexual behavior and contraceptive use. The three sexual behavior groups were: females not participating in intercourse during the preceding calendar year; females participating in intercourse with one partner only during the preceding calendar year; and females participating in intercourse with more than one partner during the preceding calendar year. The three contraceptive use groups were: females who had used intercourse-independent methods at last intercourse; females who had used intercourse-dependent methods at last intercourse; and females who had not used a contraceptive or had relied on a relatively ineffective method at last intercourse. Results of two separate analyses indicate that: (1) a set of religiosity items was able to significantly (p © .001) discriminate among the three sexual behavior grou...
Constitutive expression of p53 protein in enriched normal human marrow blast cell populations [see comments]

Previous studies by others using metabolic labeling, cell lysis, and immunoprecipitation have reported elevated levels of p53 protein in blast cells derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), whereas p53 protein was not detected in normal light-density bone marrow cells. In this report, using the same detection methods, we confirm the negligible expression of p53 protein in normal light density marrow cells. However, we find clearly significant levels of p53 protein expression in enriched normal human marrow blast populations. Furthermore, using a panel of p53 specific monoclonal antibodies, we find the p53 protein constitutively synthesized by normal marrow blasts has the immunologic phenotype identified by PAb240 that reportedly recognizes a common conformational- dependent epitope on mutant p53. We have also found that the p53 immunologic subclass identified by PAb240 exists in normal human circulating lymphocytes either resting, serum starved, or PHA activated. In summary, it is clear that (1) normal marrow blast populations provide the appropriate control for assessing the levels of p53 protein expression in leukemic blast cells; and (2) PAb240 cannot be used to distinguish p53 mutated at the DNA level from normal p53 in fresh human hematopoietic cells.
Clinical approaches to women's sexual dysfunctions.

Objectives: (1) to delineate the female sexual dysfunctions; (2) to present methods of identifying and treating female sexual problems or concerns.
Global Education with High Impact and Deep Learning in the United States: The Liberal Arts at Pomona College

Pomona College’s vision of a liberal arts education embodies the principles of critical thinking, character development, and improving the world through the use of high impact practices, including international study. The College continues to pursue excellence and diversity, while expanding global educational opportunities. The challenges that Pomona College has faced in implementing these programs have possible implications for liberal arts colleges in East Asia.
Access to Data in Public Health Information Systems: A Rational Approach

Background The Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDH) is developing and implementing a statewide, integrated, multiprogram pediatric public health information system. This information system, KIDS NET, is being established to address the surveillance and tracking needs of its component programs and to coordinate efforts for care delivery to children in the state in need of public health services. In designing KIDS NET, the RIDH has given considerable thought and attention to the issues of data confidentiality, security, and access. Methods Issues related to data confidentiality, data and system security, and access to data in KIDS NET have been identified, carefully considered, and addressed through a rational, redundant, deliberate, and documented process involving vested interests. Results and Discussion KIDS NET will contain confidential personal and medical information. To protect data confidentiality and help ensure system security, it was determined that access to KIDS NET needed to be restricted to authorized users only. Access to KIDS NET data for any given party was reviewed in the context of a number of key considerations. This list of considerations led to the establishment of four basic principles governing access to KIDS NET. These principles were applied to the list of parties that could potentially seek access to KIDS NET data to develop a matrix of access to various types of data by party. Conclusions The data confidentiality, security, and access issues related to a multiprogram public health information system can be successfully and meaningfully addressed by a rational and systematic approach, although substantial effort and careful planning are needed.
Marijuana use disorder symptoms among recent onset marijuana users.

Background With recreational marijuana having recently been legalized in a growing number of U.S. states, as well as the increasing support for its legalization among substantial segments of the American public, an understanding of the development of symptoms associated with marijuana use disorders will assist in guiding both education and policy.
Causal Action: A Fundamental Constraint on Perception and Inference About Body Movements:

The human body navigates the environment via locomotory movements that leverage gravity and limb biomechanics to propel the body in a particular direction. This process creates a causal link between limb movements and whole-body translation. However, it is unknown whether humans use this causal relation as a constraint in perception and inference with body movements. In the present study, participants rated actions of other individuals as more natural when limb movements (as a cause) occurred before body displacements (as an effect) than when limb movements temporally lagged behind body displacements. This causal expectation for human body movements not only affected perceptual impressions regarding the naturalness of observed actions but also guided the interpretation of motion cues within a more generalized causal context. We interpret these results within a framework of causality as evidence that the constraint of causal action plays an important role in perception and inference with body movements.
The weakening of fiduciary law

In the 1970s and 80s, as major financial institutions grew and diversified their operations, courts and scholars recognized that fiduciary law posed profound challenges for the organizational practices of these firms. The challenges were considered existential by some: firms, ultimately, would need to slim down their operations, and perhaps even need to disaggregate some units, to avoid fiduciary liability. However, since these challenges were recognized, financial conglomerates have grown massively and focused more on taking direct stakes as principals, a practice that accentuates the risk of conflicts of interest. How were financial conglomerates able to continue growing and diversifying despite the imposition of fiduciary constraints generally seen as robust? Did fiduciary law weaken, as some scholars contend? This chapter in the Research Handbook on Fiduciary Law examines these questions under both US and UK law by considering potential explanations for firms’ increasing scale and scope. These explanations include the contractual erosion of fiduciary principles, the regulators’ and courts’ legitimation of information barriers as checks on conflicts, the molding of fiduciary law by regulation, the non-enforcement of fiduciary duties by clients, and the shift toward arbitration of client disputes. I suggest that in the US the weak deterrent force of fiduciary law owes less to changes in the law than to inhibitions on its enforcement, while in the UK courts have been generally willing to conform fiduciary duties to inconsistent regulatory rules.
The Feynman-Dyson view

This paper is a survey of our work on the mathematical foundations for the Feynman-Dyson program in quantum electrodynamics (QED). After a brief discussion of the history, we provide a representation theory for the Feynman operator calculus. This allows us to solve the general initial-value problem and construct the Dyson series. We show that the series is asymptotic, thus proving Dyson's second conjecture for quantum electrodynamics. In addition, we show that the expansion may be considered exact to any finite order by producing the remainder term. This implies that every nonperturbative solution has a perturbative expansion. Using a physical analysis of information from experiment versus that implied by our models, we reformulate our theory as a sum over paths. This allows us to relate our theory to Feynman's path integral, and to prove Dyson's first conjecture that the divergences are in part due to a violation of Heisenberg's uncertainly relations. As a by-product, we also prove Feynman's conjecture about the relationship between the operator calculus and has path integral. Thus, providing the first rigorous justification for the Feynman formulation of quantum mechanics.
Switching and Memory in Amorphous Semiconductors

It usually happens that fundamental research in the sciences of materials follows rather than precedes technological application. Thus the commercial success of xerography (Dessauer and Clark, 1965) retroactively stimulated extensive basic investigation of the optical and transport properties of selenium and selenide alloys. Similarly, the discovery of nondestructive switching in thin films of certain chalcogenide alloys (Ovshinsky (1959, 1963, 1967, 1968)) has recently provoked an explosive increase of interest in the physics of noncrystalline semiconductors generally. In particular, the utilization of reversible structural transformations in these alloys for binary information storage (Ovshinsky (1966, 1969) Evans, Helbers and Ovshinsky (1970) has motivated intensive study of the chemistry, morphology, and kinetics of phase separation and vitrification. Moreover, the use of similar alloys for photographic (Ovshinsky (1969) Ovshinsky and Klose (1972) Berkes, Ing, Jr. and Hillegas (1971)) and holographic (Pearson and Bagley (1971) Keneman (1971)) imaging has to a large degree revived photocrystallization, photonucleation, and photopolymerization as fields of active research.
Evaluation of VOC concentrations in indoor and outdoor microenvironments at near-road schools

Abstract A 14-week air quality study, characterizing the indoor and outdoor concentrations of 18 VOCs at four El Paso, Texas elementary schools, was conducted in Spring 2010. Three schools were in an area of high traffic density and the fourth school, considered as a background school, was situated in an area affected minimally by stationary and mobile sources of air pollution. Passive samplers were deployed for monitoring and analyzed by GC/MS. Differences in the concentration profiles of the BTEX species between the high and low traffic density schools confirmed the pre-defined exposure patterns. Toluene was the predominant compound within the BTEX group and the 96-hr average outdoor concentrations varied from 1.16 to 4.25 μg/m 3 across the four schools. Outdoor BTEX species were strongly correlated with each other (0.63 m, p - xylenes: ethylbenzene). Certain episodic events during the study period resulted in very elevated concentrations of some VOCs such as n -pentane. Indoor concentration of compounds with known indoor sources such as α –pinene, d -limonene, p -dichlorobenzene, and chloroform were generally higher than their corresponding outdoor concentrations. Cleaning agents, furniture polishes, materials used in arts and crafts activities, hot-water usage, and deodorizing cakes used in urinal pots were the likely major sources for these high indoor concentrations. Finally, retrospective assessment of average ambient BTEX concentrations over the last twenty years suggest a gradual decrement in this border region.
Brown tumours of the spine presenting with acute urine incontinence

A 29-year-old man presented to the emergency department with urinary incontinence that began suddenly five days earlier. He had weakness in both legs (muscle power decreased to 4/5) with numbness. Upon investigation, the patient had hypercalcemia (serum calcium 3.485 [normal range 1.975–2.475]
Canonical Equation K 10 . Necessary and Sufficient Modified Lindeberg Condition

In this chapter we study the well-known example of random matrices studied for the first time by I.M. Lifshits [Lif] and Marchenko and Pastur [MaP]. Later, these matrices were studied in [Gir12], where a most profound result was obtained. It was shown that under certain restrictions the spectral functions of these matrices converge to the limit normalized spectral functions if and only if a so-called modified Lindeberg condition is satisfied.
Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome associated with contaminated foreign bodies (used feminine hygiene products) in a Golden Retriever dog

A one-year-old male Golden Retriever presented with acute onset of vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhea since 2 days. The dog was depressed, showing abdominal pain, 12% dehydration, tachycardia, and a bounding pulse. Diagnostic imaging showed severe dilatation and fluid retention of the entire gastrointestinal tract with decreased motility. A foreign body was found in the gastroduodenal region, but there was no obstruction or plication. The dog was tentatively diagnosed with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome and rapidly recovered after supportive treatment. However, on the morning of day 4, anorexia and vomiting recurred, and diagnostic imaging revealed intestinal plication with free peritoneal fluid, not found on the previous image. An emergency laparotomy revealed the foreign body to be two used feminine hygiene products. These contaminated products were suspected to induce acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome, and led to subsequent complication in this large dog.
An Improved Estimation Using Polya-Gamma Augmentation for Bayesian Structural Equation Models with Dichotomous Variables

Bayesian algorithms have been used successfully in the social and behavioral sciences to analyze dichotomous data particularly with complex structural equation models. In this study, we investigate...
Cardiac Cellular Pharmacology: Automaticity in Cardiac Muscle—Its Alteration by Physical and Chemical Influences

The heart rhythmically and spontaneously activates itself many times in a minute. The process responsible for this behavior has been termed the “normal automatic mechanism” and is a property of only a few cell types in the heart. Cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular rings, and ventricular specialized conducting tissues possess the capacity for automaticity of this type whereas ordinary atrial and ventricular muscle cells do not. This mechanism not only is the basis for normal cardiac rhythmicity but also can generate arrhythmias in the heart. Although the normal automatic mechanism is complex and probably varies somewhat in different types of automatic cells and in different species, much is now known about the cell membrane behavior which underlies automaticity and about alterations in this behavior caused by a variety of physical and chemical influences. In this chapter, it is our intention to discuss the factors which generate and modify the automaticity brought about in heart muscle by spontaneous diastolic depolarization.
Funding medical mycology: Strategies for attracting the private sector

In past years, fundamental scientific research has enjoyed support from a variety of governmental and philanthropic sources. In the United States, for example, these have included investigator-initiated and centrally-initiated research programs through the National Institutes of Health, research agencies of various medical specialties such as the American Lung Association, investigators’ own institutions, and research funds distributed by individual states including New York, Texas, and Arizona. Although such support continues, it has not expanded to accommodate the number of scientists currently interested in pursuing meritorious research programs to their fullest. It is therefore useful to consider alternative means of financial support. The purpose of this essay is to reconsider the option of industrial or private-sector support of medical mycology.
Author Correction: A mixed antagonistic/synergistic miRNA repression model enables accurate predictions of multi-input miRNA sensor activity

In the originally published version of this Article, financial support was not fully acknowledged. The PDF and HTML versions of the Article have now been corrected to include support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), award number 1745645.
Degradation Detection of Thermally Aged SiC and Si Power MOSFETs using Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR)

Thermal aging has been studied for both SiC and Si power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and the corresponding results have been summarized in this paper. The passive thermal aging was performed in an environmental chamber, and the condition monitoring was achieved online (live) by SSTDR. The before and after RnsoN, and SSTDR data were compared and plotted to quantify the degradation of the devices under test (DUTs).
Fog computing in internet of things: Practical applications and future directions

Internet of things (IoT) services have been accepted and accredited globally for the past couple of years and have had increasing interest from researchers. Fog architecture has been brought up in IoT for enhancing its competence in a variety of applications. Fog computing is an emerging concept that transforms centralized Cloud to distributed Fog by bringing storage and computation closer to the user end. The aim of this paper is to highlight the fundamental Fog three-tier model and emphasize its advantages, challenges and possible attacks. This paper will also focus on Fog computing models pertaining to IoT scenario that have been developed over the period to conquer the challenges of existing Fog computing architecture. This paper also highlights Fog’s real importance which will include a review of scenario-based examples. Moreover, open issues have also been discussed to be worked upon in future.
Superconducting Iron Chalcogenide Thin Films Integrated on Flexible Mica Substrates

With the goal of integrating superconducting iron chalcogenides with future flexible electronics, superconducting FeSe0.1Te0.9 (FST) thin films have been directly deposited on flexible Mica substrates without any buffer layer by a pulsed laser deposition method. Microstructural characterization and X-ray diffraction results show excellent film quality with mostly c -axis growth on Mica substrates. Superconducting properties (such as superconducting transition temperature $T_{c}$ and upper critical field $H_{c2}$ ) have been measured to be comparable to that of the films on single crystal oxide substrates. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of integrating superconducting iron chalcogenide (FST) thin films with future flexible electronics for superconductor-based devices.
Using Transcultural Nursing Education to Increase Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Assessment Documentation by Staff in an In-Home Chronic Disease Self-Management Program.

BACKGROUND Despite literature indicating that culturally sensitive care promotes a positive patient environment and may help improve outcomes, limited data exist on the documentation of patients' cultural concerns in electronic medical records (EMR). OBJECTIVE The project's objective was to use an educational intervention to increase clinic staff's cultural sensitivity and cultural assessment documentation. METHODS Researchers conducted this 3-month project at a Midwestern clinic's in-home, self-care chronic disease management program. The voluntary sample of clinical staff (n = 8) received an educational intervention on transcultural nursing practices. Researchers administered the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool for the Multidisciplinary Healthcare Provider (TSET-MHP) to participants before and after the intervention. A pre- and postintervention EMR audit was completed on 128 charts to evaluate cultural assessment documentation. RESULTS TSET-MHP cognitive and practical subscales scores increased postintervention. Affective subscales scores decreased slightly. Electronic cultural assessment documentation increased by 10%. An assessment questionnaire showed an increase in participants' cultural self-awareness and comfort with cultural assessment. CONCLUSIONS An educational intervention demonstrated an increase in providers' cultural awareness and cultural assessment documentation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Transcultural nursing education may help increase providers' perceived cultural self-efficacy, which may improve cultural assessments and culturally competent care.
Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda:

The Rwandan government has undertaken ambitious development projects resulting in major changes to the country’s built environment, including the materiality of genocide heritage. This article focu...
Balancing Margin and Mission Nonprofit Competition in Charitable Versus Fee-Based Programs

Competition in the nonprofit world has intensified in recent years, and nonprofit managers are challenged to devise strategies that will serve both organizational needs and public interest. We propose a framework for thinking about nonprofit competition based on the intersection of two dimensions: the domain of competition, which can be either fee-based or donative activities; and the competitive strategy, which can be either price- or differentiation-based. The experience of the American Red Cross, a prominent nonprofit organization facing competition in both fee-based and donative domains, provides data for the elaboration of the framework and for tentative conclusions about the implications of nonprofit competition for both margin and mission.
A HOLE IN THE PARADIGM: INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS COMPLICATED BY A GERBODE-TYPE DEFECT

A Gerbode-type defect, a ventricular septal defect communicating between the left ventricle (LV) and right atrium (RA), is a rare complication of infective endocarditis (IE) and often mistaken for severe pulmonary hypertension leading to a delay in diagnosis. An 85 year old female presented in 3rd
Process design and analysis of a novel carbon-capture-ready process for flexible-load power generation: Modular pressurized air combustion

Abstract The rapid retirement of dispatchable, fossil-based electricity sources and the influx of intermittent energy sources, both driven by the impetus towards a low-carbon future, have led to concerns about the reliability of the grid. The future need for on-demand, rotating, inertial-based assets that can be low carbon and flexibly meet changing demand to balance against intermittency will be essential. Hence, future fossil-based power generation will need to be highly efficient and flexible, and have the ability to add carbon capture when required. This study describes the process design of a modular pressurized air combustion power plant, which involves burning coal in air under pressure in parallel, modular boilers. After treatment, the high-pressure flue gas is passed through a series of turbines and inter-heaters to recover most of the compression work. The high-pressure operation allows for thermal recovery of the latent heat of moisture of the flue gas by integration into the steam cycle, which results in a plant efficiency that is 1.7% higher than that of the conventional atmospheric air-fired power plant. Moreover, the modularity enhances the flexibility of the power plant, with an improved ability for load following. This work also discusses the path to convert the modular, pressurized-air combustion process to a staged, pressurized oxy-combustion process, which is one of the most promising carbon capture processes. This can be accomplished by adding a frontend air separation unit and a backend CO2 compression and purification unit.
Protein-, polymer-, and silica-based luminescent nanomaterial probes for super resolution microscopy: a review

Super resolution microscopy was developed to overcome the Abbe diffraction limit, which effects conventional optical microscopy, in order to study the smaller components of biological systems. In recent years nanomaterials have been explored as luminescent probes for super resolution microscopy, as many have advantages over traditional fluorescent dye molecules. This review will summarize several different types of nanomaterial probes, covering quantum dots, carbon dots, and dye doped nanoparticles. For the purposes of this review the term "nanoparticle" will be limited to polymer-based, protein-based, and silica-based nanoparticles, including core-shell structured nanoparticles. Luminescent nanomaterials have shown promise as super-resolution probes, and continued research in this area will yield new advances in both materials science and biochemical microscopy at the nanometer scale.
Racial and ethnic trends in antiseizure medications trial enrolment: A systematic review using ClinicalTrials.gov.

Abstract Objective To describe the racial and gender distribution in antiseizure medications (ASM) clinical trials using a systemic review of clinical trial registry database. Methods We searched ClinicalTrials.gov database for ASM trials registered from September 1988 to January 2019. All randomized and non-randomized trials investigating ASM for epilepsy were included. Trials with intervention other than ASM or condition other than epilepsy were excluded. Data on age, race, ethnicity, and gender were extracted directly from database and from published data where available. Study location, trial identifier, year of completion, and funding sources were also collected. Meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using R software. Result Two hundred and thirty studies conducted globally with 39,576 participants were included. Overall, there are 53 % male on all registered ASM studies globally. For trials conducted in the United States (61 studies/5126 participants), 52 % of the participants were male with the following weighted racial distribution (80 % White 13 % Black 3% Asian 7% Hispanic). Subgroup analysis revealed that non-pharma-sponsored studies (50 studies, 4296 participants) have a higher representation of minorities as compared to pharma-sponsored studies (180 studies, 35,280 participants), including Hispanic (9% vs 3% respectively) and Black (18 % vs 11 % respectively). Temporal trends in racial distribution were noted when the duration of 2007–2019 was split into two groups: 2007–2013 (0% Asian, 5% Hispanic, 20 % Black); 2014–2019 (4% Asian, 7% Hispanic, 8% Black). Conclusion In this systematic review, participation of racial and ethnic minorities of Asian and Hispanic background was under-represented. Disparities of all minorities including Black participants was more notable over time and in studies sponsored by industry. Generalizability of ASM clinical trials to certain subgroups should be further examined.
Palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclizations involving C-C and C-X bond formation: strategic applications in natural product synthesis.

Palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclizations (PCCs) are powerful synthetic tools that enable rapid assembly of polycyclic scaffolds. Palladium complexes can promote a variety of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions with high chemo-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivity. The combination of multiple ring-forming elementary steps into a single cascade sequence can allow complex structures to be accessed with high step economy. This strategy has been employed to access natural products in several distinct classes, including the mitomycins, dragmacidins, isoryanodane diterpenes, and ergot alkaloids. In this tutorial review, we demonstrate how PCCs have expedited natural product synthesis by enabling the formation of both C–C and C–X (X = O, N) bonds in a single synthetic operation.
Decoherence and Relaxation of Two Strongly Coupled Spin 1/2 Atoms

Decoherence of two coupled spin 1/2 atoms caused by the surrounding environment is studied via phase and energy relaxation using a quantum statistical model toward thermal equilibrium. The model is formulated microscopically using a master equation. Raman-type dissipation mechanisms are introduced in addition to the usual bilinear coupling between the coupled system and the reservoir. The effects of various rotating wave approximations for deriving the master equation are investigated. The decoherence process is compared with another strongly coupled dissipative system, the dissipative Jaynes Cummings Model.
All frugivores are not equal: exploitation competition determines seed survival and germination in a fleshy-fruited forest herb

Multiple-frugivore systems are common in deciduous forest communities, but multiple dispersal has rarely been examined from the perspective of plant fitness. We compare the consequences of fruit consumption by two co-occurring vertebrate frugivores (Odocoileus virginianus, white-tailed deer, and Procyon lotor, raccoon) for a fleshy-fruited forest herb (Podophyllum peltatum, mayapple). Shoot emergence, flowering, and fruit removal were monitored in natural populations in southeastern Ohio, USA. Survival of ingestion was tested in feeding trials. Germinability of ingested and non-ingested seeds was tested by experimental planting. Only 2.6 % of mayapple shoots flowered. All flowers appeared to initiate fruit, but 66 % aborted after 1–2 weeks. Of the fruits remaining, 82 % were removed unripe, evidently by deer. Only 5.5 % of fruit survived to ripen in mid-July at which time all were quickly removed. In feeding trials, 28 % of seeds survived ingestion by raccoons but only ca. 1 % survived ingestion by deer. Seeds hand harvested from unripe fruits had a lower proportion germinating in the following spring than those taken from ripe fruits as a result of significantly lower over-winter seed survival. Seeds ingested by raccoons showed significantly higher germination than non-ingested seeds and were more likely to be taken by secondary dispersers. It appears raccoons have the capacity to disperse a large proportion of mayapple seeds, whereas deer are primarily seed predators. By removing unripe fruit in early summer, deer are preempting late-summer consumption by raccoons thereby reducing the net fitness benefit to the forest herb. Frugivore service appears to be additive, potentially reducing herb fitness in proportion to consumption by the inferior dispersal agent.
Adaptation and learning in robotics and automation

The paper attempts to describe the reciprocal impact that adaptive control, learning theory, robotics, and automation have had on each other in the past and the influence they may have on each other in the future.
Inclusion of organic cations by p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene. Crystal and molecular structure of the supramolecular complexes Na2(pyridinium)2[Cu(H2O)4(NC5H5)2][Cu(H2O)4(p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene)2]·10H2O and Na4(morpholinium) (p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene)·8H2O

Abstract The title compounds crystallize with the p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene hosts packed in the well-known bilayer mode. In each case a cationic organic guest is situated in the cavity and both structures are stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonded networks. Na2 (pyridinium)2[Cu(H2O)4(NC5H5)2][Cu(H2O)4(p-sulfonatocalix[4] arene)2]·10H2O, 1, crystallizes in the space group P1 with a = 12.3022(6), b = 14.7452(6), c = 14.9026(9) A, α = 68.672(4), β = 98.821(4), γ = 76.457(4)°, and Dc = 1.62 gcm−3 for Z = 1. Full-matrix least-squares refinement on F2 based on 4941 observed reflections yielded a final R1 value of 0.064. Two unique octahedral copper environments are encountered, each with the metal coordinated to four water molecules in the equatorial positions. In the axial positions, one copper cation is coordinated to two pyridine ligands, while the other is coordinated to calixarene sulfonate oxygen atoms across the hydrophilic layer. The metal cations are situated centrally in the hydrophilic layer which is...
Changes in Bridger Wilderness visitors experiences of crowding and attitudes toward management from 1969 to 2010.

Researchers and recreation managers often speculate about whether visitor experiences and attitudes toward management have changed over time, given changes observed in society, recreation, and use of protected areas, but longitudinal studies remain scarce. This paper reports findings of a 2010 replication of seminal wilderness visitor research conducted in 1969 in the Bridger Wilderness, Wyoming, using self-administered exit questionnaires. We examined whether there have been changes in reactions to social conditions (encounters and crowding), agreement with basic purposes and characteristics of wilderness (purism), and support for different recreation management practices. Visitors in 2010 were less purist in their views about most wilderness characteristics and the desire for solitude, but they were more purist regarding stocking nonnative species. However, these differences were small, and purism levels remained quite high. There was no change in the number of selfreported encounters with other groups or the percentage of visitors who reported that the wilderness was too crowded, but 2010 visitors were less supportive of restrictions on use than 1969 visitors. Regression analysis to explore predictors of crowding and management attitudes showed trip length, trip type (private vs. organized group), and age were, with few exceptions, unrelated to crowding or support for different management options. In both years, purism was positively related to support for restrictions on recreational use and negatively related to support for recreational improvements. Purists were more likely to react negatively to different hypothetical encounter scenarios in both years, but less so in 2010 than in 1969. On the other hand, purism showed no relationship to the actual experience of crowding on the current trip. Findings suggest that how questions about crowding are worded (as hypothetical desires vs. actual experience) can significantly affect conclusions about visitor experiences. They also show that relationships traditionally thought to be strong (e.g., between encounters and crowding) may be weakening over time.