cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Regulation of Fluid Shear Stress Response in Circulating Leukocytes

Abstract —We have shown that leukocytes retract their pseudopods and detach from substrates after exposure to physiological fluid shear stresses (≈1.5 dyn/cm2). In inflammation, however, pseudopod projection during spreading and firm adhesion on endothelium is observed even in microvessels with normal blood flow and fluid shear stresses. Thus, we examined mechanisms that may serve to regulate the shear stress response of circulating leukocytes. In the presence of inflammatory mediators (platelet-activating factor [PAF] f-met-leu-phe), a subgroup of cells ceases to respond to shear stress. cGMP analogs and nitric oxide (NO) donors enhance the shear stress response and reverse the inhibitory effect of inflammatory mediators on the shear stress response, whereas depletion of cGMP leads to cessation of the shear stress response even in unstimulated leukocytes. The ability of cGMP to enhance the shear stress response is not associated with CD18 expression, because cGMP has no effect on CD18 expression in response to shear stress. The shear stress response of leukocytes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (−/−) mice, in which NO level in blood is decreased, is attenuated compared with that in wild-type mice. In rat mesentery venules stimulated by PAF under normal blood flow, a cGMP analog diminishes pseudopod projection of leukocytes, whereas inhibition of NO leads to enhanced pseudopod projection and spreading. The evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators suppress the shear stress response of leukocytes leading to spreading even under normal physiological shear stress, whereas cGMP may serve to maintain shear stress response even in inflammation. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Numerical Investigation of Bubble Cloud Dynamics in Shock Wave Lithotripsy

To provide greater understanding of some of the phenomena in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), we implemented a two-phase continuum model for cavitating flow and applied it to the simulation of bubble cloud dynamics in an electro-hydraulic lithotripter. Through the combination of a WENO shock capturing scheme, curvilinear coordinates system and ensemble averaged mixture model, we computed the evolution of the lithotripsy shock wave and the concomitant cavitation field. In this paper, we present the results for three different configurations: a single-pulse lithotripter (free field), a single-pulse lithotripter with rigid artificial kidney stone at the focal point, and a dual-pulse lithotripter. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the numerical results to experimental observations are also included.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Functional status of the regenerated chorda tympani nerve as assessed in a salt taste discrimination task

We tested whether the recovered ability of rats to discriminate NaCl from KCl after chorda tympani nerve transection (CTX) is causally linked to nerve regeneration or some other compensatory proces...
Usability evaluation of an accessible collaborative writing prototype for blind users

Collaborative writing technology is utilized in the workplace to co-author documents. Unfortunately, this technology is not accessible or usable for persons who are blind. As a result, persons who are blind cannot participate in collaborative writing that is critical in business and in collegiate environments. In order to improve the accessibility and usability of collaborative writing technology, a Microsoft Word add-in prototype was designed, developed, and tested using an iterative design approach involving two rounds of one usability study. Eleven participants, who are blind with no residual vision, participated in the usability studies and provided feedback and suggested improvements based on their experience while interacting with the Word add-in prototype. The prototype was modified based on the suggested improvements from the participants after each round of the usability study. Before the second round of the usability study, the dependence on the Word ribbon menu was replaced by the utilization of Windows message boxes for presenting, accepting, and rejecting document revisions and comments. The participants of both rounds of the usability study "agreed" or "strongly agreed" that the Word add-in prototype interface was clear and understandable, easy to use, improved their performance, and enabled the tasks to be completed without any problems. Also, the participants were satisfied with the time that it took to complete the study tasks, and they would utilize the Word add-in interface in the future on a regular basis.
Seasonal hydrology shifts production sources supporting fishes in rivers of the Lower Mekong Basin

Seasonal hydrology is assumed to be an important reason why the Lower Mekong Basin supports highly productive and biodiverse inland fisheries. We used C and N stable isotope ratios of tissue samples to estimate primary production sources supporting fish biomass in the Mekong and three large tributaries in Cambodia. We used a Bayesian mixing model to estimate relative contributions of four alternative production sources — seston, benthic algae, riparian grasses, and riparian macrophytes. There was little seasonal variation in isotopic signatures of riparian plants, but benthic algae and seston showed large seasonal shifts in carbon ratios. Seston and benthic algae were the most important production sources supporting fish biomass overall during the dry season, and riparian vegetation was the most important source during the wet season. Sources contributed differentially to biomass of trophic and habitat guilds, especially during the dry season. A dam on the upper Sesan River has changed hydrology, channel ...
Hadassah: the national women’s zionist organization of america

Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is the largest women’s organization in the country and is the largest Zionist organization in the world. Ideology, a unique corporate and democratic structure, the characteristics of leadership and their impact on non-elites, and the spatial location of Hadassah’s Medical Centers are key explanations of Hadassah’s success. Zionism provides Jewish identity beyond the boundaries of religion and the confines ofthe home. Hadassah has created a self image readily identified with the prestigious Medical Center in Jerusalem. It uses Jewish and humanitarian symbols effectively. The contemporary working Jewish woman, who faces a daily conflict between home and work, presents Hadassah with a new challenge.
Correlation of ultrasonic inspection of bearing components with bearing fatigue life

One of the most important issues for bearing grade steels is the cleanliness of the steel. Impurities present in a cast steel can manifest as hard/brittle inclusions, which are detrimental to a bearing in service. An advanced ultrasonic measurement technique is developed to determine the inclusion size and density in bearing components. Using ultrasonic C-Scan, a map of the inclusions can be developed that pinpoints the worst areas in an entire cone or cup section nondestructively. A threshold is developed for determining good or bad locations so that specific gate settings can parse those discontinuities considered to be detrimental to rolling contact performance. In addition, multiple transducer sizes and frequencies are investigated to determine an optimized scanning configuration. This protocol can then be adapted to perform quality control specific scans capable of investigating numerous parts and determining a failure rate using the rejection criteria.© 2008 ASME
A Novel, Minimally Invasive Resection of a Pediatric Cervical Spine Osteoblastoma: A Case Report.

Case: An eleven-year-old girl with a left C6 pedicle mass consistent with an osteoblastoma was treated with a minimally invasive procedure with use of intraoperative imaging to guide intralesional curettage and grafting. Conclusion: Intraoperative navigation allowed localization of the tumor. We used a muscle-splitting approach and avoided the muscle stripping and blood loss associated with a standard midline incision. Performing tumor resection with minimally invasive methods enabled us to avoid a spinal fusion; this eliminated the additional risks associated with fusion, including nonunion, loss of motion, and future revisions related to the instrumentation.
Decreased Numbers of Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Amygdala of Subjects With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia: Relationship to Circadian Rhythms.

Abstract Background Growing evidence points to a key role for somatostatin (SST) in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). In the amygdala, neurons expressing SST play an important role in the regulation of anxiety, which is often comorbid in these disorders. We tested the hypothesis that SST-immunoreactive (IR) neurons are decreased in the amygdala of subjects with SZ and BD. Evidence for circadian SST expression in the amygdala and disrupted circadian rhythms and rhythmic peaks of anxiety in BD suggest a disruption of rhythmic expression of SST in this disorder. Methods Amygdala sections from 12 SZ, 15 BD, and 15 control subjects were processed for immunocytochemistry for SST and neuropeptide Y, a neuropeptide partially coexpressed in SST-IR neurons. Total numbers (N t ) of IR neurons were measured. Time of death was used to test associations with circadian rhythms. Results SST-IR neurons were decreased in the lateral amygdala nucleus in BD (N t , p = .003) and SZ (N t , p = .02). In normal control subjects, N t of SST-IR neurons varied according to time of death. This pattern was altered in BD subjects, characterized by decreases of SST-IR neurons selectively in subjects with time of death corresponding to the day (6:00 am to 5:59 pm). Numbers of neuropeptide Y-IR neurons were not affected. Conclusions Decreased SST-IR neurons in the amygdala of patients with SZ and BD, interpreted here as decreased SST expression, may disrupt responses to fear and anxiety regulation in these individuals. In BD, our findings raise the possibility that morning peaks of anxiety depend on a disruption of circadian regulation of SST expression in the amygdala.
A Supply Capability Model for Distribution Systems

A new supply capability model for distribution systems is proposed.Firstly,based on N-1 safety criterion,definitions are given to the related indices including the distribution system maximum supply capability,substation supply capability,network transfer capability,available supply capability,etc.Then the maximum supply capability model is developed and divided into two parts,the maximum supply capability sub-model and the load balance sub-model.After the problem is transformed into one of linear programming,the maximum supply capability is obtained by step by step solution and the balanced distribution of the main transformer loads is attained.Finally,a case study is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and improves the analytic calculation accuracy of the maximum supply capability.
Time to Introduce Myself!: Impact of Self-disclosure Timing of Newcomers in Online Discussion Forums

Newcomers face various difficulties entering any communities and online forums are no exception. Due to the lack of familiarity and commitment to the group, newcomers are particularly sensitive to their early-on experiences in the forums. As a support mechanism to help newcomers blend into the group, online forums often encourage newcomers to introduce themselves upon joining the group. In this work we explored how the timing of these introduction influences newcomers' incorporation to the group. We found that providing introduction after some initial activities in the forum is associated with positive outcomes in terms of newcomers' contribution and commitment.
Structure and Dynamics of Confined Fluids

We describe molecular dynamics simulations which probe the structural and dynamical properties of fluid films confined between two solid walls. Solid walls induce normal and in-plane order in the adjacent fluid. In-plane order plays a fundamental role in the transmission of shear stress and is directly correlated with the boundary condition for fluid flow. When the wall separation is only a few molecular diameters, crystalline or glassy order is induced across the entire film. The onset of the glassy phase is characterized by a power-law distribution of relaxation times with an apparently universal exponent. Under shear, glassy or crystalline films exhibit stick-slip dynamics. Analysis reveals that this stick-slip motion involves periodic shear-melting and resolidification of the film.
Lymph node evaluation and survival after curative-intent resection of duodenal adenocarcinoma: A matched cohort study.

Abstract Background Lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis; however, the optimal extent of LN assessment and the interaction between LN assessment and adjuvant systemic therapy is poorly understood. Methods Resected non-metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma patients ( n = 1743) were identified in the National Cancer Database (1998–2011). Logistic regression analysis identified covariates associated with LN metastasis. The influence of increasing LN cut-off points on overall survival (OS) was analysed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards modelling. Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and surgery alone cohorts were matched (1:1) by propensity scores based on the likelihood of nodal metastasis or survival hazard on Cox modelling. OS in the matched cohort was compared by Kaplan–Meier estimates. Results LN metastases were present in 865 (49.6%) patients. Increasing LN assessment was associated with an increased likelihood of nodal involvement ( P = 0.008). In node-negative patients, increasing LN assessment was associated with a decreased risk of death, with the largest actuarial survival differences observed for ≥15 LN (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.82, P = 0.001). In the propensity score-matched cohort of node-negative patients, AC was associated with non-significant improvements in 5-year actuarial (66.1% versus 58.7%, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.53–1.18, P = 0.249), and did not vary by adequacy of LN counts ( P = 0.305; ≥15 LNs: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.35–2.30, P = 0.900). Conclusions The extent of LN identification has prognostic significance in resected node-negative duodenal adenocarcinoma, but cannot be implicated in the selection of node-negative patients for AC.
Network Diffusion Model Predicts Future Dementia Patterns (P06.021)

OBJECTIVE: To apply network diffusion model of dementia progression to predict future atrophic patterns in Alzheimers disease. BACKGROUND: A novel network diffusion model capturing prion-like mechanistic model of neurodegenerative progression in the brain was recently proposed (Raj 2012). The model predicts distinct spatial patterns of disease called "eigen-modes" which recapitulate the atrophy in Alzheimers and other dementias. Here we apply this model to predict future atrophy of individuals using baseline MRI. DESIGN/METHODS: Baseline and end-of-study atrophy and its rate of change were obtained using ADNI longitudinal MRI Freesurfer volumetrics from 687 normal, AD and MCI subjects. Future atrophy patterns was predicted for each subject by applying the time-evolution equation y(t) = exp(-beta L y(o)) of the network diffusion model to connectivity networks obtained from 14 healthy brains via 86-region Freesurfer atlas-based parcellation and tractography. Measured and predicted atrophy patterns at the end of study were correlated for all individuals and regions. Another experiment correlated baseline atrophy and its rate of change, using proposed and 2 other plausible non-network models - exponential and Sigmoid model based on Jack et al, Lancet 2010. RESULTS: Pearson correlation of measured and predicted atrophy at the end of study was: R=0.93, p CONCLUSIONS: Striking agreement with longitudinal regional atrophy supports the network diffusion model9s ability to predict future atrophy patterns of individuals. Head-to-head comparison with other plausible models of disease spread showed an order of magnitude improvement using the network diffusion model. Successful predictability of future dementia patterns can greatly impact patient care, prognosis and therapy monitoring. Supported by: NIH R01 grant NS075425. Disclosure: Dr. Raj has nothing to disclose. Dr. Locastro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kuceyeski has nothing to disclose.
The Cambridge companion to the "Origin of species"

The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin is universally recognised as one of the most important science books ever written. The Origin of Species is also a work of great cultural and religious significance, in that Darwin maintained that all organisms, including humans, are part of a natural process of growth from simple forms. This Companion commemorates the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin of Species and examines its main arguments. Drawing on the expertise of leading authorities in the field, it also provides the contexts - religious, social, political, literary, and philosophical - in which the Origin was composed. Written in a clear and friendly yet authoritative manner, this volume will be essential reading for both scholars and students. More broadly, it will appeal to general readers who want to learn more about one of the most important and controversial books of modern times.
Reducing transatlantic barriers on U.S.-EU agri-food trade: What are the possible gains?

In recent years, the EU and the U.S. have engaged in discussions to lower trade and investment barriers and strengthen transatlantic integration. For food and agricultural trade, non-tariff measures (NTMs) such as sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) stand out as significant barriers. This study combines sector-level econometric modeling with an agriculture-focused computable generable equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate various transatlantic liberalization scenarios on U.S.-EU agri-food trade. The simulations quantify the effect from tariff removal and addressing NTMs. The magnitude of the gains depend upon the level of tariff liberalization, the depth of integration, and possible consumer demand changes.
The Bathe subspace iteration method enriched by turning vectors

We present a novel extension of the Bathe subspace iteration method.The key idea is to enrich the subspace by using turning vectors.The scheme is simple and a considerable improvement is achieved.A simplified convergence analysis is given.The results of some example solutions show the effectiveness of the method. We present a novel extension of the Bathe subspace iteration method for the solution of the generalized eigenvalue problem in structural dynamics. The key idea is to enrich the subspace by using some turning vectors to replace current iteration vectors. The turning vectors are evaluated from the subspace of the current iteration. The scheme is simple and a considerable improvement in computational efficiency is achieved. A simplified convergence analysis is given and the results of some example solutions show the effectiveness of the method.
Extending Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network Life without Full Knowledge

When extending the life of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSN), one challenge is charging networks as they grow larger. Overcoming this limitation will render a WRSN more practical and highly adaptable to growth in the real world. Most charging algorithms require a priori full knowledge of sensor nodes' power levels in order to determine the nodes that require charging. In this work, we present a probabilistic algorithm that extends the life of scalable WRSN without a priori power knowledge and without full network exploration. We develop a probability bound on the power level of the sensor nodes and utilize this bound to make decisions while exploring a WRSN. We verify the algorithm by simulating a wireless power transfer unmanned aerial vehicle, and charging a WRSN to extend its life. Our results show that, without knowledge, our proposed algorithm extends the life of a WRSN on average 90% of what an optimal full knowledge algorithm can achieve. This means that the charging robot does not need to explore the whole network, which enables the scaling of WRSN. We analyze the impact of network parameters on our algorithm and show that it is insensitive to a large range of parameter values.
Proper names and intentionality

Analyse du probleme de la reference des noms propres a la lumiere des Theories de l'A. sur l'intentionnalite. Apres avoir defendu, contre les partisans de la theorie de la reference "directe" des noms une version renouvelee du descriptivisme (noms et descriptions n'ont pas un fonctionnement semantique et pragmatique substantiellement different), l'A. articule tout acte de reference a l'expression d'un contenu intentionnel.
Topical Inhibition of the Electron Transport Chain Can Stimulate the Hair Cycle

Abstract While many signaling pathways have been implicated in control of activation of adult hair follicle stem cells and the hair cycle, less is known about cell intrinsic mechanisms of stem cell control. We previously identified lactate production as a key cell intrinsic regulator of hair follicle stem cell activity, suggesting that cellular metabolism is important in stem cell activation. Others have used transgenic methods to suggest that transgenic blockade of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) leads to degeneration of the hair follicle. Here, we show that pharmacological abrogation of ETC activity, as opposed to complete ablation of ETC, can promote hair cycle activation without significant cell toxicity. Furthermore, metabolic data suggest that ETC inhibition leads to increased pyruvate accessibility for the Ldh enzyme and therefore increased lactate production, which we previously showed can promote hair cycle activation. Finally, this type of ETC inhibition can even be used to accelerate the hair cycle in aged mice. These results point toward an unexpected and safe method to promote hair follicle stem cell activation.
Inferring stance in news broadcasts from prosodic-feature configurations

Abstract Speech conveys many things beyond content, including aspects of appraisal, feeling, and attitude that have not been much studied. In this work, we identify 14 aspects of stance that occur frequently in radio news stories and that could be useful for information retrieval, including indications of subjectivity, immediacy, local relevance, and newness. We observe that newsreaders often mark their stance with prosody. To model this, we treat each news story as a collection of overlapping 6-s patches, each of which may convey one or more aspects of stance by its prosody. The stance of a story is then estimated from the information in its patches. Experiments with English, Mandarin, and Turkish show that this technique enables automatic identification of many aspects of stance in news broadcasts.
NMR RELAXATION TIME STUDIES OF SUBSTRATE INTERACTIONS WITH P450 AND OTHER HEMOPROTEINS

ABSTRACT 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance longitudinal relaxation time (T 1 ) measurements were used to study the interaction of xylidine with solubilized rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450, myoglobin and hemoglobin, and to study the binding of aniline and imidazole to human hemoglobin. Since the carboxyferrous derivatives of all three hemoproteins are diamagnetic, they were used in all cases to give control values (1/T 1 0) which allowed calculation of the paramagnetic relaxation rate values (1/T 1 p ) where 1/T 1 p represents the specific paramagnetic effect of Fe 3+ upon the relaxation rate of the substrate. Upon addition of ferricytochrome P450, ferrimyoglobin, or ferrihemoglobin to solutions of xylidine, the T 1 values for the methyl and phenyl moieties of the xylidine molecule decreased markedly relative to the control conditions. The observed changes showed that xylidine was much more sensitive to cytochrome P450 than to myoglobin or hemoglobin; and whereas myoglobin produced essentially the same effect upon the relaxation rates of the phenyl and methyl protons, hemoglobin and cytochrome P450 produced differential changes, phenyl > methyl. Such T 1 data in conjunction with values (obtained separately) of the dissociation constants (K S ) and estimates of the correlation times (τ C ) for the various complexes allowed calculations of distances between the heme iron atoms and specific portions of the complexed substrate molecules. These estimates suggested that xylidine may not be an inner sphere ligand of solubilized P450. Similar results obtained for aniline and imidazole with hemoglobin would suggest that these substrates are directly coordinated. Further distinctions among the complexes were obtained when CN − or F − were added along with the substrates and ferrihemoproteins; these ligands apparently displaced imidazole from hemoglobin, but they did not abolish the interaction of xylidine or of aniline with hemoglobin.
Atomic Structure at Electrode Surfaces

Modern techniques for preparation and electron spectroscopic characterization of surface structure and composition in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) have ushered in an era of rapid progress for gas-solid surface studies.1–2 These advanced techniques have great potential usefulness in the science of electrochemistry.3–4 Specifically, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) provides data from which electrode surface and adsorbed layer crystallographic structure can be determined.5 This represents a substantial advance for the science of electrochemistry in which surfaces of undefined structure on polycrystalline or bulk single-crystalline material have been the norm. Furthermore, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) quantitates the elemental composition of the surface and adsorbed layer,6 including interfacial impurities. Thermal desorption mass spectrometry (TDMS) provides data regarding the molecular constitution and thermal stability of the adsorbed material.7 A growing number and variety of other techniques also highly useful for study of electrode surfaces have become available8–13 although not exploited for the present study.
Fundamentals of Magnetic Anisotropy in Rare Earth-Iron Intermetallic Compounds

The magnetic anisotropy of rare earth — transition metal intermetallic compounds can be largely understood on the basis of crystal field theory, which provides a good phenomenological basis for understanding and interpreting the magnetic anisotropy of the rare earth elements. In this chapter we give an introduction to the analysis of magnetic anisotropy in the rare earth-iron Laves phase (RFe2) intermetallic compounds, which are useful as magnetostrictive device materials and for which a relatively large body of data exists. From a crystal field point of view these compounds are relatively simple, with cubic symmetry and only a single type of rare earth site. Although the magnetic anisotropy behavior and spin reorientations with temperature and composition are rather complex, they can be understood quite well using molecular field theory with only the two cubic crystal field parameters and a single exchange parameter, and by taking into account the magnetostrictive contribution to the anisotropy. Neutron inelastic scattering measurements of the excitation spectrum show clearly that one of the reasons mean field theory works so well for these materials is that the low lying magnetic excitations are exactly mean-field-like over almost all the Brillouin zone, in contrast to a typical elemental ferromagnet such as nickel or iron where the magnetic excitations are quite dispersive over the entire zone.
Video Games for Prosocial Learning

In this chapter, we consider the capabilities video games offer to educators who seek to foster prosocial development using three popular frameworks: moral education, character education, and care ethics. While all three of these frameworks previously considered literature and film as helpful tools, we suggest that video games are unique from these other media in the multiple levers through which they can influence the worldview, values, and behaviors of players. Similar to literature and film, video games possess content — plot, characters, conflict, themes, and imagery — with which participants interact. Unlike other media, however, video games scaffold players’ experiences not only via narrative and audiovisual content but by the rules, principles, and objectives governing what participants do. Moreover, many video games possess an ecosystem that impacts players’ interpretation of the game itself — for example, on-line hint guides and discussion groups as well as the opportunity to play in the company of peers in either physical or virtual proximity. We consider opportunities and challenges presented by each of these unique facets of video games for fostering the prosocial development of participants.
Evaluation of the physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of steam-cured PET/polyester cured-in-place pipe

Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), a popular trenchless technology, has gained wide attention for drinking water, sewerage and storm water pipe rehabilitation because of its ease of installation. Here, th...
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Comb Source Carrier-Injection Ring-Based Silicon Photonic Link

Current electronic interconnections in high performance computing (HPC) systems are reaching their limit in supporting high data traffic demands. Dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) links have gained interest as they can potentially alleviate these interconnect bandwidth demands while also lowering the cost and energy consumption compared to traditional electronic links. In this article we present an analysis of a ring-based DWDM silicon photonic (SiP) link architecture with a comb laser source and p-i-n photodetectors. Specifically, we consider microring resonators (MRRs) with narrow bus waveguides and carrier-injection ring modulators. We propose a new method to select the optimal comb source setting to minimize the laser power consumption at a particular data rate. Additionally, we leverage power penalty models supported by measurements to estimate the effective received optical power at the receiver input of each of the DWDM channels which yields a bit error rate (BER) of $\text{10}^{-{\text{12}}}$ or lower. We show that the analyzed comb source has the lowest power consumption per channel for 24 consecutive lines. For these comb settings, the maximum channel data rate of non-return to zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) signals is 22 Gbps, and the minimum energy consumption is 3.28 $\frac{\text{pJ}}{\text{bit}}$ .
Effect of Screw Channel Angulation on Reverse Torque Values of Dental Implant Abutment Screws.

PURPOSE To compare the reverse torque values (RTVs) of abutment screws tightened from three different angles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Implant abutment screws (n = 48), abutments (3), and regular platform implant analogs (3) were divided into three angulation groups (n = 16/group). Custom guides of 0°, 10°, and 20° were fabricated to verify driver angulation. The implant components for each group were assembled and all screws torqued to 35 Ncm using a universal screwdriver in a manual torque wrench at the appropriate angle. Torque was reapplied 10 minutes after initial torque. A digital gauge was then used to measure reverse torque at a position parallel (0°) to the implant analog. RTVs were recorded and compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS All mean RTVs fell below the targeted torque value of 35Ncm, with some values in each angulation group 10% below of the target value. Mean RTVs in descending order from targeted torque value were: 10° group = 32.07 ± 0.97 Ncm, 0° group = 31.16 ± 1.12 Ncm, and 20° group = 30.08 ± 0.88 Ncm. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between angulation groups (F = 15.954, p < 0.001). Tukey HSD post hoc comparisons revealed that the mean RTVs of the three angulation groups were significantly different from each other (0° vs. 10°: p = 0.033; 0° vs. 20°: p = 0.011; 10° vs. 20°: p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS All RTVs did not reach the targeted torque value of 35 Ncm. Mean screw RTVs were significantly influenced by screwdriver insertion angulation.
Unsaturated nanoporomechanics

Although some important advances in the modeling of sorption and hygrothermal deformations of nanoporous materials such as hydrated cement paste, shale, coal, and some other rocks and soils have already been made, a comprehensive nanoporomechanics theory remains elusive. Here we strive to formulate it based on Gibb’s free energy of the solid–fluid system and on the recently derived Nguyen–Rahimi–Bažant (NRB) isotherm, which corrects the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm for the effect of hindered adsorbed water in filled nanopores and extends through the capillary range up to saturation. The challenge is to capture all of the basic types of relevant published experimental data, including 1) a complete sorption isotherm of hydrated cement paste (including the capillary range), 2) pore size distribution, 3) autogenous shrinkage, 4) drying shrinkage and swelling, 5) water loss or humidity change due to heating, 6) thermal expansion at various humidities, and 7) water loss of specimens caused by compression. The previous models can fit only a few data types. The present model fits all of them. It is ready for computer simulations needed to minimize the deleterious moisture effects on long-time deformations, cracking damage, and fracture in concrete infrastructure and thereby to reduce indirectly the enormous carbon footprint of concrete. Adaptations to shale, coal beds, etc., are possible.
Encephalopathy only stroke codes (EoSC) do not result in rt-PA treatments.

Abstract Background Isolated mental status changes as a presenting sign (EoSC+), are not uncommon stroke code triggers. As stroke alerts, they still require the same intensive resources be applied. We previously showed that EoSC+ strokes (EoSC+ Stroke+) account for 0.1–0.2% of all codes. Whether these result in thrombolytic treatment (rt-PA), and the characteristics/ risk factor profiles of EoSC+ Stroke+ patients, have not been reported. Methods Retrospective analysis of stroke codes from an IRB approved registry, from 2004 to 2018, was performed. EoSC+ was defined as a NIHSS>0 for Q1a, 1b, or 1c with remaining elements scored 0. Characteristics and risk factors were compared for EoSC+, EoSC−, EoSC+ Stroke+, and rt-PA (EoSC+ Stroke+TPA+) patients. Results EoSC+ occurred in 55/2982 (1.84%) of all stroke codes. EoSC+ Stroke+ occurred in 8/55 (14.5%) of EoSC+ codes and 8/2982 (0.27%) of all stroke codes. 6/8 (75%) of EoSC+ Stroke+ scored NIHSS=1. When comparing EoSC++versus EoSC−, Hispanic ethnicity (p=0.009), hypertension (p=0.02), and history of stroke/TIA (p=0.002) were less common in EoSC+. No demographic/risk factor differences were noted for EoSC+ Stroke+ vs. EoSC+ Stroke−. No cases of rt-PA eligibility/treatment were noted. In EoSC+ Stroke+ analysis, imaging positive stroke/intracranial hemorrhage was noted on only 3 cases (3/2982=0.10% of all stroke codes) and none were posterior stroke. Conclusions EoSC+ rarely results in stroke/TIA (0.27%) or stroke (0.10%), and in our analysis never (0%) resulted in rt-PA. Sub-analysis did not show missed rt-PA or posterior strokes. Understanding characteristics, and knowing that EoSC+ Stroke+ patients are unlikely to receive rt-PA, may help triage stroke resources.
Thermally Targeted p50 Peptide Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cell Lines

The application of rationally designed therapeutic peptides (TP) may improve outcomes in cancer treatment. These peptides hold the potential to directly target proliferative pathways and stimulate cell arrest or death pathways. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) is an elastin derived biopolymer that undergoes a thermally mediated phase transition. This study employs p50, a nuclear localization sequence derived peptide that inhibits the activation of NFκB and is implicated in cancer cell survival and metastasis. In order to effectively delivery p50, it is conjugated to SynB1-ELP1, a thermally responsive macromolecular carrier. By applying an external heat source, mild hyperthermic conditions (41 °C) induce aggregation and therefore can be used to specifically target ELP to solid tumors in cancer therapy. The addition of a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) to the N-terminus of the macromolecular carrier enhances the cellular uptake and directs the subcellular localization of the bioactive peptide. The novel TP, p50, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by blocking the intranuclear import of NFκB. By expanding the repertoire of oncogenic targets, CPPs, and ELP carrier sizes, ELP-based polypeptides may be modulated to optimize the delivery of these novel therapies and allow for the flexibility to create individualized cancer therapies.
Are Shared Vehicles Shared by All? A Review of Equity and Vehicle Sharing:

Vehicle sharing services (bikeshare, carshare, and e-scooters) offer the potential to improve mobility and accessibility for disadvantaged populations. This article reviews research related to equi...
Connected Vehicle Training Framework and Lessons Learned to Improve Safety of Highway Patrol Troopers

The Wyoming Highway Patrol (WHP) investigates more than 7,000 vehicle crashes yearly, often as first-hand responders. They often drive at high speeds through difficult road/weather conditions and u...
Ketamine infusion reduces narcotic requirements following gastric bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background As the obesity epidemic worsens, anesthesiologists should expect to see more obese patients presenting for surgical procedures. Opioids cause respiratory depression, which has caused complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Opioids can also cause nausea, prolonging the time that patients spend in the postanesthesia care unit. Ketamine is a potential analgesic alternative that may have advantages to narcotics in the bariatric population. Objectives To determine whether an intraoperative ketamine infusion would reduce postoperative narcotic use in patients during the first 48 hours after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Setting Major academic medical center. Methods There were 54 participating patients. The intervention group (n = 27) was randomized to receive 100 μg of fentanyl with anesthesia induction, then a 20-mg bolus of ketamine, followed by a 5 μg/kg/min intraoperative ketamine infusion starting after anesthesia induction and ending after wound closure commenced. The control group (narcotic only, n = 27) also received 100 μg of fentanyl at anesthesia induction and intraoperative boluses of fentanyl at the discretion of the anesthesia team, with .3 mg of hydromorphone administered approximately 45 minutes before the completion of surgery. Results At 24 hours, the mean morphine-equivalent units (MEUs) were 12.7 (standard deviation [SD], 9.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8–16.6) for the ketamine group (n = 28) and 16.5 (SD, 9.8; 95% CI, 12.6–20.4) for the control group (n = 28). At 48 hours, the MEUs were 16.7 (SD, 12.0; 95% CI, 11.9–21.4) for the ketamine group and 22.7 (SD, 14.9; 95% CI, 16.8–28.6) for the control group. Cumulative MEUs for 24 hours (P = .039) and 48 hours (P = .058) postoperatively were lower in the ketamine group compared with the narcotic-only (control) group, although the difference at 48 hours did not reach statistical significance. Compared with the narcotic-only group, the ketamine group used 26% fewer MEUs after 24 hours and 31% fewer MEUs after 48 hours. This difference can mostly be attributed to group differences during the first 6 hours after surgery. Conclusions Ketamine successfully reduced the amount of opioids required to control bariatric patients’ pain at 24 hours postoperatively, but not over the 48-hour postoperative period.
Factors Associated with Listing Decisions under the U.S. Endangered Species Act

Conservation efforts, including authorities outlined in the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, are attempting to slow the decline of species. Opinions on the success of the ESA vary widely, due in part to few species historically recovering to the point of delisting. Uncertainty surrounding the ESA relates to listing decisions and ambiguity of terminology within the ESA itself. Our goal was to evaluate the relationship, if any, of species characteristics, population metrics, threat level, and potential non-biological indicators to listing decisions under the ESA by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). We collected data from 143 ESA listing decisions published in the Federal Register from February 2011 to October 2014. Only 33 and 31% of listing decisions included population or range size estimates, respectively. Factors significantly correlated with ESA listing decision included taxonomic group, primary ownership of the species’ habitat (federal or non-federal), whether the species is aquatic or terrestrial, and whether the species was part of a single or multiple-species listing decision. Increasing number of listed threats and time as a candidate species correlated positively with being listed as endangered. We have attempted to broadly identify the role both intrinsic (biological) and extrinsic (non-biological) factors play in listing decisions, and the importance of comprehensive data to understanding species distribution and abundance to facilitate more informed listing decisions.
Paternalism, Tolerance & Acceptance: Modeling the Evolution of Equal Protection in the Constitutional Canon

Paternalism, Tolerance & Acceptance: Modeling the Evolution of Equal Protection in the Constitutional Canon proposes a legal taxonomy through which we can model changes in interpretations and applications of anti-discrimination principles to best understand the evolution of equal-protection doctrine. The goal for doing so is two-fold. First, through a careful exegesis of a wide range of equal-protection cases from the past sesquicentury, the analysis provides a positive theory to chart how respect for minority rights can progress within a given doctrinal space. Second, the analysis provides an unabashedly normative assessment of how closely a given legal regime comes to accepting and celebrating the inherent dignitary interests of marginalized groups and the extent to which its jurisprudence begins to subvert subordination practices. Consequently, the Article attempts to trace both how far we have come and to criticize the potential shortcomings of the extant body of jurisprudence from the Supreme Court on issues related to equality. In advancing this evolutionary model of civil-rights jurisprudence, the Article charts the key characteristics of the three stages in the development of equal protection under the law: paternalism, tolerance and acceptance. In the process, the Article scrutinizes and reassesses some of the most canonical decisions in the civil-right firmament and considers how these purported hallmarks of progressive jurisprudence — from Justice Harlan’s prescient dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson and the Supreme Court’s rare moment of post-Reconstruction racial awakening in Strauder v. West Virginia to Mendez v. Westminster and Brown v. Board, right through the modern-day sexual-orientation triumvirate of Lawrence v. Texas, Windsor v. United States and Obergefell v. Hodges — fell short in critical ways. In the end, the goal of this Article and the model it presents is to encourage a more robust and fulsome notion of equal protection — one that is proactive rather than reactive; one that affirmatively renounces, rather than stays silent on, supremacist ideologies; and one that uses the legal machinery of the state to accept and celebrate the inalienable rights and worth of individuals who are members of targeted groups.
Proton pump inhibitors suppress DNA damage repair and sensitize treatment resistance in breast cancer by targeting fatty acid synthase.

Abstract Human fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the sole cytosolic enzyme responsible for de novo lipid synthesis. FASN is essential for cancer cell survival and contributes to drug and radiation resistance by up-regulating DNA damage repair but not required for most non-lipogenic tissues. Thus, FASN is an attractive target for drug discovery. However, despite decades of effort in targeting FASN, no FASN inhibitors have been approved due to poor pharmacokinetics or toxicities. Here, we show that the FDA-approved proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively inhibit FASN and suppress breast cancer cell survival. PPI inhibition of FASN leads to suppression of non-homologous end joining repair of DNA damages by reducing FASN-mediated PARP1 expression, resulting in apoptosis from oxidative DNA damages and sensitization of cellular resistance to doxorubicin and ionizing radiation. Mining electronic medical records of 6754 breast cancer patients showed that PPI usage significantly increased overall survival and reduced disease recurrence of these patients. Hence, PPIs may be repurposed as anticancer drugs for breast cancer treatments by targeting FASN to overcome drug and radiation resistance.
Trends in Blunt Splenic Injury Management: The Rise of Splenic Artery Embolization

Abstract Introduction Splenic injury is common in blunt trauma. We sought to evaluate the injury characteristics and outcomes of BSI admitted over a 10-y period to an academic trauma center. Methods A retrospective review of adult blunt splenic injury patients admitted between January 2009 and September 2018. Results The 423 patients meeting inclusion criteria were divided by management: Observational (OBS, n = 261), splenic surgery (n = 114 including 4 splenorrhaphy patients), SAE (n = 43), and multiple treatment modalities (3 had SAE followed by surgery and 2 OBS patients underwent splenic surgery at readmission). The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision (47.8%). The median ISS (OBS 17, SAE 22, Surgery 34) and spleen AIS (OBS 2, SAE 3, Surgery 4) were significantly different. Complication rates (OBS 21.8%, SAE 9.3%, Surgery 45.6%) rates were significantly different, but mortality (OBS 7.3%, SAE 2.3%, Surgery 13.2%), discharge to home and readmission rates were not. Additional abdominal injuries were identified in 26.3% of the surgery group and 2.7% of OBS group. SAE rate increased from 3.0% to 28%; median spleen AIS remained 2-3. Thirty-five patients expired; 28 had severe head, chest, and/or extremity injuries (AIS ≥4). Conclusion SAE rates increased over time. Splenorrhaphy rates were low. SAE was associated with relatively low rates of mortality and complications in appropriately selected patients.
Using Effective Listening, Negotiating and Reflecting to Promote Constructive School Collaboration: A Theoretical Analysis

There are numerous reasons why human connectivity fails in contemporary United States K-12 school districts ranging from overlooking faculty contribution to disregarding their individualism. Often, the need to fill mandates supersedes the bond between school leaders and faculty, and faculty to students. Leadership must be a collective effort, as one individual cannot have all the capabilities, knowledge, and resources to work alone. It is defined therefore as a malleable concept: connecting actions to ideas; it fails in isolation. The objectives of this literature-based study are to investigate how school leaders delegate effectively to faculty, as well as contribute productively to a district's goals. Three benchmarks of effective listening, negotiating, and reflecting promoted constructive leadership within a school environment. Behavioral errors of listening and negotiating prompted a need to find solutions. These solutions are, (a) examining errors within the aforementioned behavioral criteria, (b) precipitating the solution of story-telling, (c) collaborating work efforts, and (d) maintaining a reflection log. However, further research is needed to assess why there are stronger individual efforts within collaborative work projects.