cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome comparison of meniscus from patients with and without osteoarthritis.

Summary Objective To assess the impact of osteoarthritis (OA) on the meniscus by comparing transcripts and biological processes in the meniscus between patients with and without OA. Design RNA microarrays were used to identify transcripts differentially expressed (DE) in meniscus obtained from 12 OA and 12 non-OA patients. The non-OA specimens were obtained at the time of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Real-time PCR was performed on selected transcripts. Biological processes and gene-networking was examined computationally. Transcriptome signatures were mapped with 37 OA-related transcripts to evaluate how meniscus gene expression relates to that of OA cartilage. Results We identified 168 transcripts significantly DE between OA (75 elevated, 93 repressed) and non-OA samples (≥1.5-fold). Among these, CSN1S1 , COL10A1 , WIF1 , and SPARCL1 were the most prominent transcripts elevated in OA meniscus, POSTN and VEGFA were most highly repressed in OA meniscus. Transcripts elevated in OA meniscus represented response to external stimuli, cell migration and cell localization while those repressed in OA meniscus represented histone deacetylase activity (related to epigenetics) and skeletal development. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were DE between the two groups. When segregated by OA-related transcripts, two distinct clustering patterns appeared: OA meniscus appeared to be more inflammatory while non-OA meniscus exhibited a "repair" phenotype. Conclusions Numerous transcripts with potential relevance to the pathogenesis of OA are DE in OA and non-OA meniscus. These data suggest an involvement of epigenetically regulated histone deacetylation in meniscus tears as well as expression of lncRNAs. Patient clustering based on transcripts related to OA in articular cartilage confirmed distinct phenotypes between injured (non-OA) and OA meniscus.
Systematic review of histological remission criteria in eosinophilic esophagitis

Elemental diets, dietary elimination, and steroid therapies are the most common therapies in the clinical trials for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Histological findings (usually reported as eosinophils per microscopic high-powered field [hpf]) remain the most common end-point used to define response. Yet, the threshold for defining "response" and "remission" are ill-defined among consensus guidelines and may vary from study to study. We conducted a systematic literature review of articles on eosinophilic esophagitis, published between January 2007 and November 2017, considering histological remission as the primary outcome. We abstracted treatment information and definitions of histological remission or response. A comparison of definitions of histological remission across and within institutions was performed. A total of 61 articles were included in this review, with approximately 60% of the studies published from centers in the United States. Histological definitions of remission of EoE ranged from 0 to ≤20 eosinophils/hpf. The most stringent criteria, ranging from 0 to ≤5 eosinophils/hpf, were commonly used in interventional trial studies that examined the effects of new treatments. We found remarkable variability in definitions between studies, treatment types, and regions. Age or epidemiological distribution of study subjects did not influence the criteria for histological remission. Clinical and histological improvements are important measures of the effects of treatment. Histological findings, the most objective measure of treatment, should provide an optimal method for comparing the effectiveness of various treatments. Yet, our findings suggest a lack of consistent remission criteria in published studies. Considering these inconsistencies, it is difficult to compare the effectiveness of various treatments.
MICROCAPSULE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Microencapsulation, a new and rapidly expanding technology pioneered by the NCR Corporation, is receiving considerable attention both industrially and academically. Microencapsulation is a process designed to reproducibly apply thin polymeric coatings to small particles of solids, droplets of liquid (pure or solutions), or dispersions. For the purposes of this discussion, microencapsulation will be arbitrarily differentiated from macrocoating techniques in that the former involves the coating of particles ranging dimensionally from several tenths of a micron to 5, 000 microns in size. A unique feature of this micropackaging technique is in the minuteness of the coated particles and their subsequent potential usefulness in handling physiologically active materials in a variety of dose forms.
Atmosphere Consisting of Layers with Large Optical Thickness

The equations derived in Chap. 6 are valid for layers of arbitrary optical thickness. However, when τ j (j = 1,2,…,n) increases (especially if it occurs simultaneously in all layers), it becomes more difficult to solve these equations. In order to describe the internal radiation field in detail, one needs to take an enormous number of equations and, consequently, to store a lot of information on computer. Therefore, it is important that one can derive simple asymptotic formulas for the quantities that describe the radiation field in an atmosphere consisting of layers with large optical thickness τ j ≫ 1). Accuracy of these formulas grows with increasing τ j . It turns out to be possible to express analytically these quantities in terms of functions describing the radiation field in the corresponding semi-infinite layers and intensities at interlayer boundaries. The present chapter deals with such asymptotic formulas.
Manufacturing strategy and new venture performance: A comparison of independent and corporate ventures in the biotechnology industry

Abstract Little empirical research has compared the manufacturing strategies of corporate and independent new ventures. This study explores these differences with data from the young, science-based biotechnology industry, and examines the performance effects of manufacturing strategy variables including scope, competitive thrust, and capabilities. The results show that the corporate and independent biotechnology new ventures pursue significantly different manufacturing strategies, and that different dimensions of manufacturing strategies affect the performance of corporate vs. independent ventures quite differently.
Challenging Audiences to Listen: The Performance of Self-Disclosure in Community Writing Projects

Young people have the potential to transform public perspectives about pressing social issues--if their audiences listen deeply to what they have to say. This article examines the ways that high school student participants in a community-university writing partnership employ self-disclosure, or emotion sharing, to encourage audiences to listen empathetically to performances about complex social issues. Our analysis of two student performance pieces reveals rhetorical strategies that might promote empathetic listening. We argue that empathic listening is a necessary precondition for the kind of collective community listening that can lead to social change.
Normalizing Black Girls' Humanity in Mathematics Classrooms

In this article, Nicole Joseph, Meseret Hailu, and Jamaal Matthews argue that Black girls' oppression in the United States is largely related to the dehumanization of their personhood, which extend...
Rank conditions for controllability of discrete fractional time-invariant linear systems

In this paper, we give rank conditions for controllability and observability of a discrete fractional time-invariant linear system of order ν (0<ν<1). We obtain the variation of constants formula f...
A Bayesian network based approach for modeling and assessing resilience: A case study of a full service deep water port

Abstract Ports are an integral part of the transportation system and are often susceptible to a diverse range of risks, including natural disasters, malicious cyber-attacks, technological factors, organizational factors, economic factors, and human error. To address the challenges triggered by these diverse risks, this research identifies the basic factors that could enhance the resilience of the port system. After these factors are identified and expressed as different resilience capacities, they are used to quantify the resilience of the port infrastructure by applying a Bayesian network. Quantification of resilience is further analyzed based on different advanced techniques such as forward propagation, backward propagation, sensitivity analysis, and information theory. The formal interpretation of these analyses indicates that maintenance, alternate routing, and manpower restoration are the leading factors contributing to enhancing the resilience of a port infrastructure system under disruptive conditions.
Precision Medicine in Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous disorder that encompasses multiple different etiologies with complex pathobiology. The current classification of PH is based primarily on clinical characteristics and hemodynamics. Accurate characterization of PH using advanced hemodynamic analyses, exercise testing, improved imaging techniques, and innovative biomarkers provide the opportunity to define novel phenotypes. These approaches are paving the way to a personalized medicine approach in the evaluation and management of patients with PH.
Estimating marbling score in live cattle from ultrasound images using pattern recognition and neural network procedures.

Neural network processing of texture statistics (which parameterized longissimus muscle echograms of live cattle) resulted in marbling estimates that differed from corresponding USDA carcass marbling scores by an average of .42 marbling score units. This was more accurate (P < .001) than using the same features in a multiple regression model. Images were used from 53 cattle in the training set and from 108 cattle in the validation set. Over 500 texture statistics (including variations in direction, resolution, and step size) were screened to identify three candidates (Markovian homogeneity--step size = one; third quadrant emphasis from the bit-4, normalized run length/gray level matrix; and 12-pixel local standard deviation) for intensive analysis. The differences between the live animal estimates and carcass marbling were not much greater than the human error in assigning carcass marbling scores. When the results were subjected to receiver operating characteristic analysis, accuracies in grade classification were comparable to clinical, diagnostic imaging evaluations. It is feasible to incorporate this procedure into a computer interfaced with an ultrasound system to provide unsupervised instrument evaluation of live cattle in "near real time" (2 or 3 s).
Wealth Conditions and Feasibility of Equivalence Between Funds Managers' and Investors' Risk Tolerances

Whereas risk tolerance is an important parameter of financial intermediation in markets for mutual funds, formal theoretical predictions show funds managers' choices of portfolio risk tolerances can be induced in entirety by wealth considerations. An important implication of this finding is the prediction that funds' incentives for adoption of a generalist focus vary intertemporally (increase) with funds managers' equilibrium minimum wealth conditions. Within markets characterized as `Attrition Markets', resulting generalist funds are more likely to be value funds. Within markets characterized as `Indifference Markets', resulting generalist funds equally are likely to be either of value or growth funds. Formal theoretical predictions show choices of funds on basis of funds' risk tolerance alone engender transfers of wealth from investors to funds managers. These theoretically predicted transfers of wealth rationalize evidence for presence of systemic inefficiencies within markets for mutual funds. Choices of funds on basis of ability are shown to mitigate wealth transfers from investors to funds managers. Study findings provide a formal theoretical rationale for theoretical or empirical searches in quest of robust proxies for funds managers' intrinsic ability. In aggregate, formal predictions provide evidence that markets for mutual funds are indifference markets that subsume attrition markets within each specific cadre of risk tolerance.
Dynamic Impact of Hormone Therapy on Laboratory Values in Transgender Patients over Time

BACKGROUND Known physiological changes occur while transgender patients are taking hormone therapy (HT). However, knowledge is limited about when laboratory values stabilize and if there are any long-term impacts, making it challenging for physicians to provide adequate gender-affirming care. We aim to analyze laboratory values with HT use over 5 years and after discontinuation of HT to define when values achieve stability. METHODS We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of 126 transgender women (TW) and 91 transgender men (TM) at consecutive clinic visits. Labs included complete metabolic panel, complete blood count, lipids, and hormone levels and were monitored for 5 years. Absolute measurement and percentage change from baseline were calculated for each analyte value. We collected the laboratory studies described from patients off HT and the duration of discontinuation to determine the time to return to baseline levels. RESULTS During HT, red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte) indexes reach stable levels within 6 months (P < 0.001) and are unchanged long term. Some analytes such as HDL and platelets showed increases beyond the first year of HT in TW (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). LDL and alanine aminotransferase increased beyond 1 year in TM (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas HDL decreased beyond 1 year (P < 0.001). Time for laboratory values to return to baseline occurred around 10 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Most analytes reach stable levels within 6 months (RBC and creatinine), whereas others change in the long term (LDL, HDL, platelets). This information can be used to guide physicians as they monitor their transgender patients in all stages of their progress through HT.
Probing Jet Modification in Small Systems via π0-hadron Correlations in PHENIX

Abstract Previous measurements in small systems indicate that the modifications of jets relative to p+p collisions is small. However, more differential measurements may reveal if any modifications do exist. Di-hadron correlations may serve as a proxy for jets as the observed hadron is likely to originate from the same parton as the jet. In these proceedings, we compare π0-hadron correlations measured with PHENIX in small systems to those observed in p+p collisions to probe any initial state effects. Several systematic uncertainties cancel when comparing the ratio of the away-side yield to the near-side yield in d+Au and 3He+Au systems to p+p, revealing a quantifiable modification in these systems. In addition, pout distributions for the p+A collisions are measured. An increasing trend in the width of the pout distributions in p+Al and p+Au compared to p+p is observed as a function of Ncoll, the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The potential implications of these measurements will be discussed.
The Roles of Osteopontin in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Encephalitis

Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein encoded by the secreted phosphoprotein-1 (Spp-1) gene in humans, plays important roles in a variety of physiological conditions, such as biomineralization, bone remodeling and immune functions. OPN also has significant roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, allergy and inflammatory diseases, as well as bacterial, fungal and viral infections. West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, is the leading agent for viral encephalitis in North America. Recent progress has been made in understanding both the biological functions of OPN and the pathogenesis of WNV. In this review article, we have summarized the current understanding of the biology of OPN and its vital roles in the pathogenesis of WNV encephalitis.
Embraer S.A

Maria Rodriguez has secured an interview for a senior-management position with Embraer S.A. (Embraer), based in S©o Paulo. In preparation, she investigates Embraer's business model and reviews the company's financial statements to make sure she understands each of the important balance sheet and income statement accounts. She feels prepared to discuss the performance of the world's fourth-largest aircraft manufacturer and one of Brazil's most successful exporters, specializing in sales of regional and executive jets. Excerpt UVA-C-2345 Oct. 2, 2013 Embraer S.A. Maria Rodriguez was excited about her new career possibilities. It was late September 2013, and her husband, Carlos Jimenez, had just finished his contractual obligations with the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Jimenez was a design-team member for London's successful opening ceremony that previous year and had just accepted a similar position with the Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC). Those summer games were scheduled to take place in Rio de Janiero in August 2016. This would be the first time a South American city would host the event. Rodriguez was looking forward to the move that was now finalized and certain. She had always wanted to experience South American culture, and now she would have at least four years to do so. Brazil's official language, Portuguese, would not be a problem since she was born and raised in Lisbon. Rodriguez had left Portugal in the mid-1990s to pursue her undergraduate degree in accounting from a prestigious university in Texas. The move to Brazil also offered Rodriguez a fortuitous opportunity to change her career path, so she had contacted an employment agency based in Rio de Janiero to help her with her search. She was thrilled to learn she had secured an interview for a senior-management position with Embraer S.A. (Embraer), based in S©o Paulo. Embraer was the world's fourth-largest aircraft manufacturer and one of Brazil's most successful exporters, specializing in sales of regional and executive jets. The company was profitable and growing, earning a 2012 net income of (U.S. dollars) USD349 million ([Brazilian real] BRL711 million) on revenues of USD6.2 billion (BRL12.5 billion). . . .
Comparing the effectiveness of two app-based number lines to teach price comparison to students with autism spectrum disorders.

AbstractPurpose: A number line consisting of Arabic numerals is a commonly used instructional tool for teaching price comparison. However, typical number lines lack concrete visual cues, which may benefit students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who have not yet mastered the representation of Arabic numerals.Method: This study investigated the effects of additional visual cues (i.e., dots) by comparing two types of app-based number line conditions: number lines with and without dots. A single-subject, alternating treatment design study was employed across five secondary students with ASD.Results: Both number line conditions were effective for four of the students in assisting them to select cheaper items and complete task analysis steps. The number line with dots was effective or slightly more effective in selecting smaller numbers for three of the students.Conclusions: The findings of this study support the literature on the use of number lines as an effective tool to assist students in price compar...
Gilberto Freyre e a introdução da sociologia da medicina no Brasil

Uma avaliacao do papel desempenhado por Gilberto Freyre quanto a introducao e desenvolvimento da sociologia da medicina no Brasil durante as decadas de 1950 e 1960. O ensaio focaliza no interesse de Freyre pela participacao da medicina na construcao do imaginario nacional, pela relacao entre medicina e cultura, e pela funcao social do medico, delimitando, ao mesmo tempo, as fronteiras entre a sociologia da medicina e o que o autor chama de medicina social. O engajamento de Freyre com a sociologia da medicina assoma nao como um topico secundario e periferico, mas como intimamente conectado com os aspectos centrais da sua multifacetada obra. O artigo estabelece tambem um rapido paralelo entre as reflexoes de Fryre e de seu contemporâneo, o sociologo frances Roger Bastide, no que diz respeito a sociologia da medicina.
Space Flight Environment Induces Degeneration in the Retina of Rat Neonates

Retinal degenerations can be promoted by many factors including ageing, ischemia, fluctuation in oxygen tension, oxidative stress, and increased intraocular pressure. We present new evidence that the environment encountered in space shuttle flight can also disrupt normal retinal development and mimic stimuli that induce retinal degenerations on earth. There is experimental evidence linking anomalies in visual perception with space flights since the Apollo missions (Phillpot et al., 1978; Newberg and Alavi, 1998). There is also strong evidence that pathological stimuli that disrupt retinal structure and function on earth are encountered in the space shuttle environment as well. Orbital space flights cause physiological disturbances in humans including cephalad fluid shift (Hoffler et al., 1977; Drummer, 2000), increased intraocular pressure (Mader et al., 1990; Draeger, 2000) disruption of cardiovascular function (Wang et al., 1996) and stress on the musculoskeletal system (Lane and Feedback, 2002; LeBlanc, 2000).
Blessed Days of Anaesthesia: How Anaesthetics Changed the World – By Stephanie J. Snow

In his 1902 book, The Varieties of Religious Experience, William James described the “strange moral transformation” in the Western world during the preceding century in which people no longer felt ...
Overview of airborne user modifiable software

User modifiable software is designed and certified to allow for limited modifications by an airline or other user without recertification efforts. User modifiable software is not new in concept. However, recent developments in technology combined with more emphasis by airlines on overall cost reduction have made this approach more attractive. >
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Volume Rendering of Intravascular Ultrasound Slices Imaged on a Curved Arterial Path

Past techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of intravascular ultrasound have assumed that the ultrasound slices are parallel and that the vessel being imaged is straight. These assumptions result in distortions of vessel and lesion geometry. To properly reconstruct the volume data for a curved artery, the position and orientation of the transducer must be known or calculated. We use angiography to recover the geometry of the artery centerline, which is then used as a coordinate system to position the ultrasound slices. To estimate the registration of the slices, several landmark sites are selected by the physician and imaged over a complete heart cycle. Continuous pullbacks are then used to sample between the landmark sites, yielding a three-dimensional volume data set. Standard volume rendering techniques require data on a regular grid. We present new sampling and rendering techniques that handle the oriented ultrasound slices positioned along the curved artery.
Controlling Episodic Air Pollution with a Seasonal Gas Tax: The Case of Cache Valley, Utah

Using daily data spanning 10 years, we establish a statistical relationship between episodic particulate-matter $$(\hbox {PM}_{2.5})$$ concentrations and vehicle trips in Cache Valley, Utah, and estimate an average gas-price elasticity for the region. We also estimate the benefits and costs associated with a seasonal gas tax set to reduce vehicle trips during the winter-inversion season and thereby lower health costs through concomitant decreases in the $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$ concentrations. We find a strong positive relationship between vehicle trips reduced and associated reductions in $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$ concentrations. Further, we estimate a mean gas price elasticity of approximately $$-$$ 0.3 in what we call a “high price variability environment.” Incorporating these results, cost-benefit analysis suggests that the social net benefit for Cache Valley associated with the imposition of a seasonal gas tax during the winter-inversion season is highly dependent upon the type of benefit estimation method used.
The Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat: Using the Heart to Measure the Mind

The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat (BPS) holds that during active goal pursuit, psychological processes reliably lead to specific patterns of cardiovascular responses. Because psychological experience during goal pursuit is not otherwise easily accessible, using cardiovascular responses to infer psychological states can provide valuable insight. In this context, challenge results from evaluating high resources and low demands, whereas threat results from evaluating low resources and high demands. Both challenge and threat lead the heart to beat faster and harder than during rest, but challenge results in dilation in arteries and more blood pumped, whereas threat results in constriction and less blood pumped. This article summarizes the BPS, presents recent research applications, and discusses remaining questions and future directions, including how research from other theoretical perspectives may clarify the nature of task engagement and how the BPS can inform the study of resilience to stressors.
Effect of Falls on Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation and Mortality Risk (from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study)

It is unclear if patients who have atrial fibrillation (AF) have a greater fall risk compared with those in the general population and if falls increase mortality beyond that observed in AF. A total of 24,117 (mean age 65 ± 9.3 years; 55% women; 38% black) participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were included. AF was identified from baseline electrocardiogram data and by self-reported history. Falls were considered present if participants reported ≥2 falls within the year before the baseline examination. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between prevalent AF and falls. Cox regression was used to examine the risk of death in those with AF and falls, separately and in combination, compared with those without either condition. A total of 2,007 participants (8.3%) had baseline AF and 1,655 (6.7%) reported falls. A higher prevalence of falls was reported in those with AF (n = 209; 10%) than those without AF (n = 1,446; 6.5%; p <0.0001). After adjustment for fall risk factors, AF was significantly associated with falls (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.44). Compared with no history of AF or falls, the concomitant presence of AF and falls (hazard ratio [HR] 2.12, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.74) was associated with a greater risk of death than AF (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.62) or falls (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.82). In conclusion, patients with AF are more likely to report a history of falls in REGARDS. Additionally, participants with AF who report falls have an increased risk of death than those with either condition in isolation.
Some first passage time problems for shot noise processes

It has recently been shown that the first passage time problem for a certain class of one-dimensional processes that includes shot noise can be formulated in terms of a set of integral equations. These are found by exact enumeration of all possible trajectories. We show that the equations can be found by more direct means for processes described by the evolution equation\(\dot x(t) = f(x) + n(t)\), wheren(t) is time-localized shot noise.
Immunological specificity and memory in a scleractinian coral

Tissue transplantation immunity with a specific memory component is demonstrated in populations of Montipora. This highly discriminating immunoreactivity derives from extensive allogeneic polymorphism of histocompatibility (H) markers. An H system of immunorecognition is postulated to have originated in multicellular invertebrates probably beginning with coelenterates.
Recent Discoveries on the Roles of Polyphosphates in Plants

Polyphosphate (polyP) has been abundant on Earth long before life began. In living organisms, polyphosphate can be stored in electron-dense granules that have long been referred to as volutin granules. After having being ignored for a long time, this polymer has proven to have numerous unsuspected functions in living organisms and is receiving more attention. The ubiquitous presence of polyP in nature and its structural and physico-chemical characteristics appear to be the drivers for the evolutionary selection of this versatile molecule as a component of cellular processes. Most of our knowledge about the functions of polyP comes from the microbial world. PolyP can influence the transcription and translation of specific genes, act as a metabolic regulator, provide an alternative source of energy, and modulate several stress responses. In plant systems, although the presence of polyP has long been known, its roles in cellular processes have begun to emerge only recently. The purpose of this mini-review is to provide a brief overview of the proposed biological roles of polyphosphates in plants and their roles in microbial/plant interactions.
Aryl and heterocyclic diazo compounds as potential environmental electrophiles.

4‐Aminoimidazole‐5‐carboxamide, a component of human urine derived from the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway, was evidenced to undergo in vivo diazotization in rats following its sequential administration with NaNO2. The diazotization product, 4‐diazoimidazole‐5‐carboxamide, undergoes intramolecular cyclization to yield 2‐azahypoxanthine, the urinary presence of which was confirmed mass spectrometrically. 4‐Diazoimidazole‐5‐carboxamide demonstrated dose‐related mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and represents a potent electrophilic reactant similar to the proposed ultimate carcinogenic forms of arylalkylnitrosamines and arylnitrosamides. It is suggested that aryl and heterocyclic diazo compounds, as a class, warrant further study as environmental electrophiles representing potential biological hazard.
Acyclovir in Oral and Ganglionic Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

The local and trigeminal ganglionic therapeutic efficacy of two topical and systemic antiviral drugs was studied in mouse lips inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 after thermal injury. Application of topical 3% acylovir (acycloguanosine) ointment three times daily for four days completely blocked the replication of virus in the lips, and the healing process was greatly accelerated compared with that in placebo-treated infected controls. However, neither the healing process nor the viral replication was influenced by similar therapy with 3% vidarabine ointment. When given systemically for four days, starting one day after inoculation, acyclovir (40-60 mg/kg per day) and vidarabine (50 mg/kg per day) significantly reduced the clinical manifestations on the lips and viral titers of cultures obtained from the lips. Establishment of viral latency in the trigeminal ganglion was significnatly inhibited by systemic acyclovir (60 mg/kg per day), whereas systemic vidarabine (50 mg/kg per day) was ineffective. These data suggest that acyclovir may be one of the most promising antiviral agents for the management of oral herpes viral infections and trigeminal ganglionic latency of virus as demonstrated in the mouse model.
Molecular and magnetic resonance imaging of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cell grafts in ischemic rat brain.

Real-time imaging of transplanted stem cells is essential for understanding their interactions in vivo with host environments, for tracking cell fate and function and for successful delivery and safety monitoring in the clinical setting. In this study, we used bioluminescence (BLI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the fate of grafted human embryonic stem cell (hESC)–derived human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in stroke-damaged rat brain. The hNSCs were genetically engineered with a lentiviral vector carrying a double fusion (DF) reporter gene that stably expressed enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) and firefly luciferase (fLuc) reporter genes. The hNSCs were self-renewable, multipotent, and expressed markers for neural stem cells. Cell survival was tracked noninvasively by MRI and BLI for 2 months after transplantation and confirmed histologically. Electrophysiological recording from grafted GFP+ cells and immuno-electronmicroscopy demonstrated connectivity. Grafted hNSCs differentiated into neurons, into oligodendrocytes in stroke regions undergoing remyelination and into astrocytes extending processes toward stroke-damaged vasculatures. Our data suggest that the combination of BLI and MRI modalities provides reliable real-time monitoring of cell fate.
The Role of Cannabinoids in Regulation of Nausea and Vomiting, and Visceral Pain

Marijuana derived from the plant Cannabis sativa has been used for the treatment of many gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including anorexia, emesis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and others. However, its psychotropic side effects have often limited its use. Several cannabinoid receptors, which include the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), CB2, and possibly GPR55, have been identified throughout the GI tract. These receptors may play a role in the regulation of food intake, nausea and emesis, gastric secretion and gastroprotection, GI motility, ion transport, visceral sensation, intestinal inflammation, and cell proliferation in the gut. However, the regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system has shed new knowledge in this field. Thus far, despite evidence of visceral sensitivity inhibition in animal models, data in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients is scarce and not supportive. Furthermore, many compounds that either act directly at the receptor or increase (or reduce) ligand availability have the potential to affect other brain functions and cause side effects. Novel drug targets such as FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors appear to be promising in animal models, but more studies are necessary to prove their efficiency. The promise of emerging drugs that are more selective and peripherally acting suggest that, in the near future, cannabinoids will play a major role in managing an array of GI diseases.
Characterization of irradiated blends of α-tocopherol and UHMWPE

Adhesive/abrasive wear in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been minimized by radiation cross-linking. Irradiation is followed by melting to eliminate residual free radicals and avoid long-term oxidative embrittlement. However, post-irradiation melting reduces the crystallinity of the polymer and hence its strength and fatigue resistance. We proposed an alternative to post-irradiation melting to be the incorporation of the antioxidant α-tocopherol into UHMWPE prior to consolidation. α-Tocopherol is known to react with oxygen and oxidized lipids, stabilizing them against further oxidative degradation reactions. We blended GUR 1050 UHMWPE resin powder with α-tocopherol at 0.1 and 0.3 wt% and consolidated these blends. Then we gamma-irradiated these blends to 100-kGy. We characterized the effect of α-tocopherol on the cross-linking efficiency, oxidative stability, wear behavior and mechanical properties of the blends. (I) The cross-link density of virgin, 0.1 and 0.3 wt% α-tocopherol blended, 100-kGy irradiated UHMWPEs were 175±19, 146±4 and 93±4 mol/m3, respectively. (II) Maximum oxidation indices for 100-kGy irradiated UHMWPE previously blended with 0, 0.1 and 0.3 wt% α-tocopherol that were subjected to accelerated aging at 80 °C in air for 5 weeks were 3.32, 0.09, and 0.05, respectively. (III) The pin-on-disc wear rates of 100-kGy irradiated UHMWPE previously blended with 0.1 and 0.3 wt% α-tocopherol that were subjected to accelerated aging at 80 °C in air for 5 weeks were 2.10±0.17 and 5.01±0.76 mg/million cycles, respectively. (IV) Both accelerated aged, α-tocopherol-blended 100-kGy irradiated UHMWPEs showed higher ultimate tensile strength, higher yield strength, and lower elastic modulus when compared to 100-kGy irradiated, virgin UHMWPE. These results showed that α-tocopherol-blended 100-kGy irradiated UHMWPEs were not cross-linked to the same extent as the 100-kGy irradiated, virgin UHMWPE.
Resilient network design: challenges and future directions

This paper highlights the complexity and challenges of providing reliable services in the evolving communications infrastructure. The hurdles in providing end-to-end availability guarantees are discussed and research problems identified. Avenues for overcoming some of the challenges examined are presented. This includes the use of a highly available network spine embedded in a physical network together with efficient crosslayer mapping to offer survivability and differentiation of traffic into classes of resilience.
Recovery of Grapefruit Oil Constituents from Processing Waste Water using Styrene‐divinylbenzene Resins

Styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) resins were utilized for the recovery of coldpressed grapefruit oil constituents from model solutions and waste waters. Sorption rates and sorption capacities were determined for a series of resins with model solutions. Citrus oil processing waste water was passed through an upflow column extraction system. Adsorbed oil was desorbed using 95% ethanol and gas chromatographic analysis was performed to determine the quality of the extracted oil. The waste water samples contained suspended solids which reduced the extraction ability of the resins. Major compounds recovered from waste waters were d-limonene and alpha-terpineol. Nootkatone and linalool recovery levels varied, while octanal and decanal were present in extremely low levels in the recovered products.
Improvement of Fetal Umbilical and Aortic Doppler Waveforms with Persistent Placental Disease

Doppler acquired velocity waveforms of fetal and maternal vessels have been analyzed as both a predictor and an index of fetal health. Increases in downstream impedance reflected by a decrease in placental tertiary villi arterioles or an obliterative angiopathy of the placenta are thought to be responsible for the increased impedance and hence the abnormal waveforms identified. We present a case of improvement of abnormal fetal velocity waveforms (including reversed diastolic flow in the fetal abdominal aorta). Despite improvement of umbilical and aortic waveforms there was evidence of placental disease with a decrease in the number of placental tertiary villi arterioles. The recovery of fetal waveforms was associated with maternal bed rest and oxygen therapy.
Silver layer instability in a SnO2/Ag/SnO2 trilayer on silicon

Abstract Trilayers of SnO2/Ag/SnO2 deposited on oxidized Si (100) substrates at room temperature become unstable after annealing at 100 °C and 200 °C, exhibiting five phenomena – formation of internal Ag hillocks, cracking of the top SnO2 layer above internal Ag hillocks, penetration of Ag/Ag grain boundaries by SnO2 leading to grain pinch-off, formation of Ag whiskers and islands on the free surface of the SnO2 through the cracked top layer, and void formation in the Ag layer. The possible driving forces and evolution path for the observed instabilities resulting from thermal expansion mismatch stresses and the reduction in interfacial energy are discussed.
Atlas Swam: Freedom, Capital, and Floating Sovereignties in the Seasteading Vision

Abstract: Political actors have long drawn on utopian imaginaries of colonizing marine and island spaces as models for idealized libertarian commonwealths. A recent inheritor of this tradition is the seasteading movement, which seeks to “further the establishment and growth of permanent, autonomous ocean communities [by] enabling innovations with new political and social systems” on semi-stationary, floating platforms. Fueled by a cocktail of ideologies (techno-optimism, libertarian secession theories, and strains of anarcho-capitalism), seasteading is touted as the newest “frontier” in creative, entrepreneurial, and social engineering. Inherent in the project, however, are buried ideals about the nature of ocean space, the limits of sovereignty, and the liberatory role of technology and capitalism in the drive for social change and individual freedom. We explore these notions through an examination of seasteading's broader philosophical and economic underpinnings, and their deployment through multiple structural, legal, and social frameworks. Although seasteading is a highly speculative, and even fanciful project, it reflects attempts to resolve contradictions within capitalism: between, on the one hand, the need for order and planning, and, on the other hand, the desire to foster and lionize individual freedom. In the United States, this tension has most visibly entered mainstream discourse through the rise of the Tea Party movement, whose ideology combines adherence to classical liberal ideals about individual entrepreneurship with hostility toward government intervention. Although the seasteading movement, like its better known and more realizable libertarian contemporaries, proposes a solution that its leaders say will resolve this tension, our analysis reveals that it would merely rework it, and thus it unwittingly reinforces the structures it seeks to escape.
EVOLUTION OF MDS-Mon 7 AND ANLL IN A CHILD WITH CONGENITAL NEUTROPENIA AFTER LONG TERM TREATMENT WITH GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR (G-CSF) 135

EVOLUTION OF MDS-Mon 7 AND ANLL IN A CHILD WITH CONGENITAL NEUTROPENIA AFTER LONG TERM TREATMENT WITH GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR (G-CSF) 135
A Tsunami About 1000 Years Ago in Puget Sound, Washington

Water surged from Puget Sound sometime between 1000 and 1100 years ago, overrunning tidal marshes and mantling them with centimeters of sand. One overrun site is 10 kilometers northwest of downtown Seattle; another is on Whidbey Island, some 30 kilometers farther north. Neither site has been widely mantled with sand at any other time in the past 2000 years. Deposition of the sand coincided—to the year or less—with abrupt, probably tectonic subsidence at the Seattle site and with landsliding into nearby Lake Washington. These findings show that a tsunami was generated in Puget Sound, and they tend to confirm that a large shallow earthquake occurred in the Seattle area about 1000 years ago.
Microphotonic Thermal Detectors and Imagers

We present the theory of operation along with detailed device designs and initial experimental results of a new class of uncooled thermal detectors. The detectors, termed microphotonic thermal detectors, are based on the thermo-optic effect in high quality factor (Q) micrometer-scale optical resonators. Microphotonic thermal detectors do not suffer from Johnson noise, do not require metallic connections to the sensing element, do not suffer from charge trapping effects, and have responsivities orders of magnitude larger than microbolometer-based thermal detectors. For these reasons, microphotonic thermal detectors have the potential to reach thermal phonon noise limited performance.
Formation of oligomers in secondary organic aerosol.

The formation of oligomeric molecules, an important step in secondary organic aerosol production, is reported. Aerosols were produced by the reaction of α-pinene and ozone in the presence of acid seed aerosol and characterized by exact mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry. Oligomeric products between 200 and 900 u were detected with both electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. The exact masses and dissociation products of these ions were consistent with various combinations of the known primary products of this reaction (“monomers”) with and/or without the expected acid-catalyzed decomposition products of the monomers. Oligomers as large as tetramers were detected. Both aldol condensations and gem-diol reactions are suggested as possible pathways for oligomer formation. Exact mass measurements also revealed reaction products that cannot be explained by simple oligomerization of monomers and monomer decomposition products, suggesting the existence of complex react...
Secondary structure and elevated temperature crystallite morphology of nylon-6/layered silicate nanocomposites

Abstract Mesoscale (secondary) structure arising from association of layered silicates is quantified and its impact, along with constituent interactions, on elevated temperature crystallite morphology in nylon-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites is examined. Simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and diffraction methods are developed to provide detailed information on the secondary structure of the layered silicate and the structure of the crystalline polymer in the presence of the layered silicate. Ultra-long range order (20–60 nm) of the inorganic layers is observed at low-volume fractions (0.8 vol%). Elevated temperature (205°C) crystallite morphology of the nylon-6 matrix depends on the secondary structure and interfacial interactions. Smaller, more disordered lamellae are observed in the in situ polymerized nanocomposites whereas larger, more ordered lamellae are observed in melt-processed nanocomposites.
The use and sharing of information from Wikipedia by high‐tech professionals for work purposes

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to focus on discovering whether high‐tech professionals as a user community search for information from Wikipedia to fulfill their job duties and, if they do, how they share information with co‐workers and clients.Design/methodology/approach – An online questionnaire was used, administered by a commercial provider. The questionnaire consisted of 15 Likert‐scaled questions to assess participants' agreement with each question along with an optional open‐ended explanation. A total of 68 participants successfully answered the questionnaire. Participants' Likert rating scores were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA, one‐way ANOVA and correlational analyses using SPSS.Findings – The analyses examined relationships among participants' characteristics, their use of information resources for research and teaching, information‐sharing behaviors, and use/non‐use of Wikipedia. Findings indicated that the participants treated Wikipedia as a ready reference for general information. Their conce...
Electron Transfer Studies With Fullerenes Incorporated Into Artificial Lipid Bilayer Membranes

A systematic variation of functionalizing addends, covalently linked to the fullerene core, has been probed in light of facilitating fullerene incorporation into artificial lipid bilayer membranes. Electron transfer studies, by means of time-resolved pulse radiolysis, show that structurally balanced fullerene derivatives were successfully incorporated into various vesicular matrices which, in turn, enabled a very efficient fullerene reduction by hydrated electrons and *CH 2 OH radicals.
Abstract IA06: Epigenetic regulation and heterogeneity in cancer

We are using emerging technologies to characterize chromatin state and regulation in human cells. Chromatin maps for diverse normal tissues and cells reveal the locations and cell type-specificities of distal regulatory elements and facilitate the interpretation of genetic variants associated with complex human diseases. Analogous studies of malignant tumors reveal regulatory programs that drive proliferation, while also emphasizing the importance of epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer biology and therapeutic resistance. I will highlight representative studies in these areas and touch on new technological approaches for the study of tumor heterogeneity. Citation Format: Bradley E. Bernstein. Epigenetic regulation and heterogeneity in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06.