cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suture-Button Versus Screw Fixation in Adolescent Syndesmotic Injuries: Functional Outcomes and Maintenance of Reduction

Background Fixation of the tibiofibular syndesmosis is often performed with a trans-syndesmotic screw (SS) or suture-button (SB). SB fixation has been shown to have lower rates of postoperative syndesmotic malreduction, late diastasis, and implant removal, though some studies have found complications related to infection and implant subsidence. The purpose of this study was to compare maintenance of reduction, complications, implant removal and functional outcomes of SB versus SS fixation in adolescents. Methods A retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent syndesmotic fixation from 2010 to 2019 at a single institution. Loss of syndesmotic reduction (diastasis) was defined as either a >2 mm increase in tibiofibular clear space or >2 mm decrease in tibiofibular overlap, and corresponding incongruence of the ankle mortise (medial clear space 1 millimeter greater than superior clear space). Functional outcomes were collected at a minimum of 1 year postsurgery using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Results Seventy-seven adolescents (45 SS, 32 SB) were included (mean age: 16±1.5 y). Forty-five patients had Weber C fibula fractures, 27 Weber B fractures, and 5 had isolated syndesmotic injuries or small posterior malleolus fractures. Fifty-one patients (66%) had functional outcomes available. There was no significant difference in mean FAAM Sports score between the 2 groups (SB=94.8%, SS=89.8%) at mean follow-up of 4.0±2.1 years. Syndesmotic implant removal occurred in 36/45 patients (80%) in the SS group compared with 4/32 patients (13%) in the SB group. There was 1 case of syndesmotic malreduction requiring revision surgery in the SS group, and no cases of postoperative malreduction or diastasis in the SB group. Nine patients in the SB group and 8 in the SS group weighed over 100 kilograms, with no cases of diastasis in these larger patients. There were 4 superficial infections and 1 deep infection in the screw group, with 1 superficial infection in the SB group. Conclusions While both SB and screw fixation maintained syndesmotic reduction, SB fixation led to lower rates of implant removal surgery. SB fixation was equally effective at preventing recurrent diastasis in adolescents weighing over 100 kilograms, and functional outcomes were at least equivalent to screw-fixation at mean follow-up of 4.0 years. Level of evidence Level III.
Neural responses to morally laden interactions in female inmates with psychopathy.

Much of social cognition requires making inferences about the mental and emotional states of others. Moreover, understanding the emotions of others is an important foundation for moral decision-making. Psychopathy is associated with both aberrant emotional understanding and atypical hemodynamic responses when viewing and evaluating morally laden social interactions. In the present functional MRI study, female inmates (N = 107) were asked to evaluate the likely emotional state of either the recipient or the initiator of harmful or helpful interactions. Psychopathy was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). PCL-R scores were not associated with differences in confidence or accuracy ratings. However, psychopathy scores were significantly related to increased hemodynamic response in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when viewing harmful interactions and decreased functional connectivity from right amygdala to inferior parietal cortex and insula, and from temporal parietal junction to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Overall, this work indicates that in females, psychopathy is associated with normal behavioral accuracy and confidence but alterations in neural network activity during moral decision-making.
Carotid Artery Injury During Skull Base Surgery

Internal carotid artery injury is a challenging complication in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. When this complication occurs in endoscopic skull base surgery, it is best managed with an experienced skull base team. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy, assessment of the tumor involvement and intraoperative planning is critical for the successful management of this complication. Establishing intraoperative hemostasis while maintaining visualization is the first goal. After this is achieved, vessel management with bipolar cauterization, aneurysm clip application and/or muscle patching with focal packing can be considered. In larger injuries, carotid sacrifice may be indicated. Immediate postoperative angiogram is imperative in the management of this injury for diagnosis and potential treatment.
Uncertainty from the small to the large

Abstract Related decisions are often observed in isolation without direct measurement of correlation in beliefs across state spaces or complementarity in tastes across prize spaces. We introduce a novel model with two decision problems with distinct states and prizes, which we call small worlds, without observation of bets that are contingent on the realization of both worlds. We characterize an appropriate version of subjective expected utility, where choices are made as if there is a joint distribution over the product of the state spaces and a joint utility index over pairs of prizes from both prize spaces. Turning to identification, the joint utility index over pairs of prizes and the marginal belief over each small world is identified, but the uniqueness of the joint distribution is more subtle. If the utility index is separable across prize spaces, then the correlation across state spaces is unidentified; but if there is any complementarity across prizes, then the joint distribution is exactly identified.
Enhanced Target Detection Under Poorly Illuminated Conditions

We demonstrate an enhanced ACE target detection algorithm for poorly illuminated and shadowed pixels in which image segmentation based on illumination is performed prior to target detection. This enhanced ACE detection method (ACE-shadow) relies on FLAASH-based scene atmospheric correction and MODTRAN-calculated direct to diffuse illumination ratios to model shadowed target spectra. Improvements to target detection were realized using our ACE-shadow detection algorithm because SNR characteristics of shadowed pixels dominate the segmented covariance.
The Role of the Axial Oxygen in High-TC Materials

The axial oxygen, O(4), which serves as a bridge between the Cu(1)-O(1) chains and Cu(2)-O(2,3) planes in YBa2Cu3O7, provides a natural way by which structural and electronic changes in the basal Cu(1)-O(1) planes (or equivalent planes in other materials) can influence the superconductivy occurying in the Cu(2)-O(2,3) planes. More specifically, O(4) vibrations are expected to couple to charge transfer between chains and planes.1 Experimentally, several studies have shown that the O(4) site is involved in structural changes that also affect the superconductivity in YBa2Cu3 O7_δ.2,5 Infrared reflectivity studies indicate an anomalously large strength for the 155 cm-1 phonon mode associated with the [Cu(1)+O(4)]-Cu(2) vibration,2 and excess intensity and frequency shift of the Cu(1)-O(4) 580 cm-1 mode that correlate with the superconducting order parameter.3 Raman profiles also suggest that a structural instability related to the A g (~ 500 cm-1) Cu(1)-O(4) stretching vibration could be coupled to charge transfer.4 Diffraction studies have shown a correlation between the Cu- O(4) bond lengths and T c .5
Preterm Infants Can Mount Appropriate C-Reactive Protein Responses to Early Onset Sepsis.

Objective This study aims to evaluate whether infants born at ≤ 32 weeks' gestational age (GA) can mount C-reactive protein (CRP) responses during early onset bacterial sepsis that are comparable to infants born at > 32 weeks' GA. Methods Retrospectively (2003–2012) infants with a positive bacterial culture during the first 72 hours of life were identified and grouped into two categories based on their GA: ≤ 32 weeks (group A) and > 32 weeks (group B). Results Group A included 25 and group B included 122 infants. Both groups responded similarly to sepsis with an increase in CRP (p = 0.59). Each group had a significant change in intragroup CRP levels over time (p Conclusion CRP responses to bacterial sepsis during the first 72 hours of life in infants born at ≤ 32 weeks' GA are comparable to infants born at > 32 weeks' GA.
Polar Organisms With Apolar Individual Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter explains how a particular automaton theoretical model for cellular interactions in development, the one originally proposed by LINDENMAYER, can be used to answer a particular problem in biology. The problem to be concerned with is whether polarity of individual cells is a necessary condition for the regulatory polar development of organisms. Polarity is simply the specific orientation of activity in space. It refers to the fact that a given biological event, such as the transfer of material through an organ or the plane in which a cell divides, is not a random process but tends to be oriented in a given direction. If this were not so, an organism would grow into a spherical mass of cells, like tissue in a shaken culture. The kind of global behavior observed in the experiments can be achieved with individual cells which are apolar.
Economic and Sociological Approaches To Institutions: Economy, Society And Law

Examined in this paper are some important paradigmatic differences between novel economic institutionalism as espoused by the new institutional economics and sociological institutionalism as advanced by economic sociology. Just as the old and the new institutional economics, economic institutionalism and sociological institutionalism display important differences in their assumptions, domains and methodologies. The paper also takes a look at the possibility for multidisciplinary integration, in a multiple-paradigm approach, of economic and sociological institutionalism, particularly ‘law and economics’ (economic analysis of law) and ‘law and society’ (sociology of law) literatures, in these times of interdisciplinary social analysis. Since in the current literature comparative analyses of economic and sociological institutionalism in general, and economic and sociological approaches to legal institutions in particular, are relatively rare, the paper attempts to fill in a gap in this respect.
The Calling Forth Clause and the Domestic Commander-in-Chief

Disputes concerning the scope of the government's domestic crisis authority under the Commander-in-Chief Clause - particularly as of late - have tended to neglect the potential significance of other constitutional provisions in understanding the Constitution's separation of emergency powers. Perhaps no provision has been more disregarded than the so-called 'Calling Forth' Clause of Article I, which empowers Congress '[t]o provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions . . . .' In other writings, I have sought to emphasize the significance of the various statutes that Congress has enacted pursuant to its authority under the Calling Forth Clause, most of which are today codified at 10 U.S.C. §§ 331-335. In this symposium essay, my focus is more on the overlooked constitutional text itself, and what significance it may have for our modern understanding of the limitations placed upon the domestic use of the military by the Commander-in-Chief. In particular, the essay explores two fundamental questions about the Calling Forth Clause: First, is the Clause limited on its face to only the 'militias'? If so, does the Clause therefore not even apply to today's National Guard, the members of whom participate in a 'dual enlistment' system whereby they are simultaneously members of their state guard and the 'National Guard of the United States,' and are acting in the latter capacity whenever 'federalized'? Second, if the Calling Forth Clause does not today limit the domestic use of the military, are there any other constitutional limitations on the domestic use of the military? What about statutory limitations, such as the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878? To what extent might such limitations unconstitutionally infringe upon the President's constitutional authority as Commander-in-Chief?Ultimately, the essay concludes that, under current Supreme Court doctrine, the Clause does only limit the domestic use of the militias, as opposed to the military more generally, and that it is therefore a rather unimportant limitation on Congress's power to provide for the domestic use of the military. At the same time, however, the Clause reinforces the original understanding that Congress could limit the - President's - power to deploy military force domestically, a conclusion that could have significant implications vis-a-vis contemporary debates over inherent executive authority in the war on terrorism.
Transmembrane Domain I Contributes to the Permeation Pathway for Serotonin and Ions in the Serotonin Transporter

Mutation of a conserved Asp (D98) in the rat serotonin (5HT) transporter (rSERT) to Glu (D98E) led to decreased 5HT transport capacity, diminished coupling to extracellular Na+ and Cl-, and a selective loss of antagonist potencies (cocaine, imipramine, and citalopram but not paroxetine or mazindol) with no change in 5HT Km value. D98E, which extends the acidic side chain by one carbon, affected the rank-order potency of substrate analogs for inhibition of 5HT transport, selectively increasing the potency of two analogs with shorter alkylamine side chains, gramine, and dihydroxybenzylamine. D98E also increased the efficacy of gramine relative to 5HT for inducing substrate-activated currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes, but these currents were noticeably dependent on extracellular medium acidification. I-V profiles for substrate-independent and -dependent currents indicated that the mutation selectively impacts ion permeation coupled to 5HT occupancy. The ability of the D98E mutant to modulate selective aspects of substrate recognition, to perturb ion dependence as well as modify substrate-induced currents, suggests that transmembrane domain I plays a critical role in defining the permeation pathway of biogenic amine transporters.
Redox regulation of cytokine expression in Kupffer cells

Kupffer cells, resident macrophages in the liver, play a central role in the homeostatic response to liver injury. Ironically, this defensive mechanism, if dysregulated, also works against the liver in acute and chronic liver damage. Central to this response is activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a redox-sensitive transcription factor that transactivates promoters of many inflammatory genes, including cytokines. Much research has been devoted to identification of upstream signaling for activation of NF-kappaB, but the precise mechanism by which oxidant stress participates in this signaling is yet to be determined. Clues to this key question may be attained through studies on the mechanisms of sustained and/or accentuated NF-kappaB activation in hepatic macrophages in chronic liver diseases. This article reviews the literature on redox regulation of cytokine gene expression by Kupffer cells.
Examination of the Effect of Buyer Agency on the Distribution of Closing Costs

This article investigates the effect of agency on the distribution between buyer and seller of cash charges paid at closing. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model is developed to control for the...
AC/DC control for thyristor-controlled reactors for reactive power compensation

This paper presents a new phase-control method for thyristor-controlled reactors to realise reactive power compensation. Instead of using the conventional two switch AC controller, an AC/DC full-wave bridge can be utilized. This allows the inductor current to be unidirectional, resulting in reduced core losses. The AC/DC control, with a relatively small inductance, results in reduced inductor size and losses. Also, the small inductance allows a nearly sinusoidal current to flow in the inductor, which results in reduced AC line current harmonic distortion. The paper includes experimental comparisons between the proposed and the conventional compensators. >
Lamotrigine and hemodialysis in bipolar disorder: case analysis of dosing strategy with literature review

Kaufman KR. Lamotrigine and hemodialysis in bipolar disorder: case analysis of dosing strategy with literature review. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 446–449. © 2010 The Author. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective: Medical conditions and associated procedures/treatments may impact therapeutic blood levels of pharmacologic agents in the illnesses we treat. The use of anti-epileptic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, most commonly bipolar disorders, and epilepsy is a case in point. This report addresses the impact of hemodialysis on lamotrigine efficacy in bipolar disorder. Method: Case analysis with literature review. Results: A bipolar disorder patient stabilized on lamotrigine 200 mg total daily dose was admitted to the hospital with end-stage renal disease. With three consecutive days of hemodialysis, treatment-emergent hypomanic features were noted by the patient and confirmed in psychiatric consultation. When lamotrigine was increased to 250 mg total daily dose, the bipolar features remitted. Conclusion: Lamotrigine titration may be required in bipolar disorder patients undergoing hemodialysis secondary to the associated hemodialysis extraction factor. Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended in these patients.
Selective modulation of spike duration by serotonin and the neuropeptides, FMRFamide, SCPB, buccalin and myomodulin in different classes of mechanoafferent neurons in the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia

An examination of the cellular properties and synaptic outputs of mechanoafferent neurons found on the ventrocaudal surface of the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia indicated that the cerebral mechanoafferent (CM) neurons are a heterogeneous population of cells. Based on changes in action potential duration in response to bath applications of 5-HT in the presence of TEA, CM neurons could be divided into 2 broad classes: mechanoafferents whose spikes broaden in response to 5-HT (CM-SB neurons) and mechanoafferents whose spikes narrow in response to 5-HT (CM-SN neurons). Morphological and electrophysiological studies of the CM-SN neurons indicated that they were comprised of previously identified interganglionic cerebral-buccal mechanoafferent (ICBM) neurons and a novel set of sensory neurons that send an axon into the LLAB cerebral nerve and have perioral zone receptive fields that are similar to those of ICBM neurons. Changes in spike width due to 5-HT were correlated with changes in synaptic output as indicated by the magnitudes of EPSPs evoked in postsynaptic neurons. Electrical stimulation of cerebral nerves and connectives also produced spike narrowing or broadening, and the sign of the effect was a function of the parameters of stimulation. Both heterosynaptic facilitation and heterosynaptic depression of EPSPs evoked in follower cells could be demonstrated. A variety of putative neuromodulators other than 5-HT were also found to affect the duration of action potentials in both classes of CM neurons. FMRFamide had effects opposite to that of 5-HT. SCPB and a recently characterized Aplysia neuropeptide, buccalin, broadened the spikes of both CM classes. Another neuropeptide, myomodulin, decreased the duration of CM-SB neuron spikes but had no effect on CM-SN spikes. Since the CM neurons appear to mediate a variety of competing behaviors, including feeding, locomotion, and defensive withdrawal, the various neuromodulator actions may contribute to the mechanisms whereby behaviors are selected and modified.
Vortex behavior in a rotated YBa2Cu3O7−δ polycrystal

Abstract Magnetic measurements on a rotated polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) disk at 4.2 K yield polar plots of the longitudinal-vs.-transverse components of the vortex flux density (B) relative to the fixed applied field (H) for various angles of rotation (θ) up to 360°. For the sample initially in a field-cooled (FC) state, detailed analyses of these plots reveal that B at any θ consists of a BR component, which rotates rigidly with the sample, plus a BF component, which stays at a constant frictional angle relative to H. At each H, BR and BF undergo large characteristic changes with θ until a rotational steady state is reached for θ above 180°. Strikingly, their numerical sum BR+BF is constant for θ up to ∼90°, then decreases linearly up to ∼180°, above which it remains constant at its reduced value. This reduction in BR+BF is attributed to an exiting of vortices from the sample, primarily those associated with the weakly pinned BF component. With increasing H, the relative vortex reduction rises to a broad maximum (of nearly 40%) and then slowly decreases, which reflects a competition between the intervortex repulsion and the confining forces produced by H. For the sample initially in a zero-field-cooled (ZFC) state, BR goes to zero while BF reaches the same steady-state value as in the corresponding FC case but without any vortex exiting from the sample.
A Benefit-Maximization Solution to Our Faculty Promotion and Tenure Process

Tenure-track/tenured faculty at higher education institutions are expected to teach, conduct research and provide service as part of their promotion and tenure process, the relative importance of each component varying with the position and/or the university. However, based on the author’s personal experience, feedback received from several colleagues, and review of research on this topic, the authors note that there is considerable concern among many faculty members as to what constitutes an optimal mix of the critical components of evaluation. Consequently, the authors present a cost-benefit utilitarian model using which, the faculty member can objectively allocate his/her limited resources, such as time commitment and effort, between teaching and research activities. The authors believe that such a blueprint will prove to be a critical tool for the tenure-track candidate, as well as for the university administration. One of the notable features of the proscribed tool is that it is not discipline-specific and therefore, has a wide application in university governance.
Preparation of Hexakis(4‐Bromophenyl)Benzene (HBB)

Hexaphenylbenzene Hexakis (4-Bromophenyl)benzene Sodium bisulfite Bromine Keywords: bromophenylbenzene; preparation; notes; nanometer-size macromolecules; supramolecular assemblies; Diels-Alder reaction; electronic devices
An intercomparison of procedures for the determination of total mercury in seawater and recommendations regarding mercury speciation during GEOTRACES cruises

We conducted a laboratory intercomparison of total mercury (Hg) determination in seawater collected during U.S. GEOTRACES Intercalibration cruises in 2008 and 2009 to the NW Atlantic and NE Pacific Oceans. Results indicated substantial disagreement between the participating laboratories, which appeared to be affected most strongly by bottle cleanliness and preservation procedures. In addition, we examined the effectiveness of various collection and sample preparation procedures that may be used on future GEOTRACES cruises. The type of sampling system and filtration medium appeared to make little difference to results. Finally, and in light of results from experiments that considered sample bottle material effect and the development of new methods for CH3Hg+ extraction from seawater, we propose a recommended procedure for determining all four of the major Hg species in seawater (elemental, dimethyl-, monomethyl-, and total Hg).
Association of Medically Treated Depression and Age at Natural Menopause

Between October 1989 and November 1992, the authors surveyed approximately 10,000 women between 45 and 54 years of age residing in western metropolitan Boston and selected as cases all women naturally menopausal before age 40 and a sample of women naturally menopausal between ages 40 and 46. Controls were a random sample of women who were premenopausal or naturally menopausal after age 47. Based on the results of an in-person interview to assess past reproductive and medical history, 14% of 344 cases compared with 6% of 344 controls reported a history of medically treated depression at least 1 year prior to menopause or comparable reference age in controls (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.3). The association of medically treated depression and early menopause was greatest in women naturally menopausal before age 40 compared with their age-and residence-matched controls (OR = 6.6, 95% CI 0.7-58.9) and in women who reported a history of medically treated depression that required more than 3 years of treatment (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.3-12.0). This is the first study to suggest a link between a self-reported history of medically treated depression and early menopause. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the basis for this association.
Knowledge Stewardship as an Ethos-Driven Approach to Business Ethics

As a field spanning interests among researchers and business professionals, business ethics aims to provide guidance on what can be considered morally right, socially acceptable and legally transparent dealings in the human activity of providing goods or services for trade. Yet, cohesive theory of the ethics of business is lacking, and current ethical practices often fall victim to fluctuating business conditions and circumstances. Thus, stewardship theory is proposed as a more enduring and empowering orientation to more mindful business ethics that is borne out of organizational character, and knowledge stewardship is introduced as a set of practices that can support improved ethical behavior in organizations from an ethos-driven perspective. A definition of knowledge stewardship is provided in this article, and its associated outcomes of authenticity, authority and advocacy are highlighted. Practical recommendations are put forward to assist organizations in their development of stronger stewardship behavior, and exploratory research questions that heighten attentiveness to knowledge stewardship are presented.
NS-4 (nervous system antigen-4), a cell surface antigen of developing and adult mouse brain and sperm.

Abstract When rabbits are injected with particulate fractions of cerebellum from 4-day-old C57BL 6J mice, an antiserum is produced that is cytotoxic for single-cell suspensions from cerebellum. After several absorptions with nonnervous system-derived tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, thymocytes) this heterologous antiserum reacts only with tissue from the developing and adult nervous system and sperm from vas deferens and epididymis. This antigen or set of antigens is present in neuroectodermally derived tissues at all ages tested: 12-day-old embryos and 12-month-old adults being the earliest and latest stages, respectively. The antigen is expressed not only on cerebellum but also on all parts of the normal central nervous system tested including retina. It is demonstrable on a murine medulloepithelioma and to a lesser degree on glioblastoma and ependymoblastoma but not on glioma G26, ependymoblastoma EPA and neuroblastoma C1300. The antigen is found in all mouse strains tested ( C57BL 6J , ICR, BALB cJ , A J and ( C57BL 6J × C3H HeJ ) F1 hybrid) and in rat.
Accuracy of Transferring Calibration Equations among near Infrared Reflectance Monochromators

Abstract Sixty sealed samples of hay and grasses were used to examine accuracy of transferring calibration equations 1) among models of scanning monochromators, 2) by reduced number of scans per sample, and 3) directly transferring between instruments or transferring through a second instrument to the final instrument. Each sample was scanned 256 times on a Model 6100 monochromator at Pennsylvania and at Utah. Samples then were scanned at Utah 32 and 64 times each on 2 consecutive d (32, 64, and 128 scans) with a Model 6350 monochromator. Three equations were developed at Utah through the transfer of the Pennsylvania master equation (direct) and three equations from a transfer of a transferred equation. Standard error of differences showed that instruments were different. Standard errors of differences were higher when the 6350 was compared with the Utah 6100 than when the 6350 was compared with the Pennsylvania 6100 or the two 6100 models were compared. Reducing the number of scans averaged per sample (128 to 64 to 32) did not reduce accuracy of the equation compared to 256 scans per sample. There was no loss of accuracy when an equation was transferred from one instrument and then transfered to another versus direct transferring.
Non-classical steady state reactions rates for the diffusion mediated reaction A + A → 0 with particle decay

Abstract The effective steady state rate constants for the bimolecular annihilation A + A → 0 accompanied by unimolecular decay, A → 0, and particle generation, S → 0, are calculated in spatial dimensions d = 1, 2, 3 using the fluctuation dissipation theory. Non-classical (concentration dependent) rate constants are found for the low dimensional systems (d = 1, 2) when the bimolecular process dominates unimolecular decay.
The Relationship among Parenting Styles Experienced during Childhood, Anxiety, Motivation, and Academic Success in College Students

The current study examined the relationships among parenting styles experienced in childhood, anxiety, motivation, and academic success in college students. Results suggested that fathers' authoritative parenting was related to decreases, whereas mothers' authoritarian parenting was related to increases, in college students' anxiety. Further, mothers' and fathers' authoritative parenting, mothers' authoritarian parenting, and college students' anxiety and motivation were related to college students' grade point averages. In addition, college students' motivation served a mediational role in the relationship between their anxiety and grade point averages. Results suggested that college students may be more likely to experience improvements in their academic performance with interventions that address college students' perceptions of the parenting that they received during their childhood, their anxiety, and their motivation to do well academically. The role of such interventions deserves to be studied further.
A Qualitative Survey of the Attitudes of Catholic Priests Toward Bishops and Ministry Following the Sexual Abuse Revelations of 2002

This study used structured interviews to investigate (1) priest-respondents’ perceptions and attitudes toward bishops since 2002, (2) priest-respondents’ perceptions and attitudes toward their diocese, ministry, and vocation, (3) priest-respondents’ changes in ministerial activities as a result of codes of pastoral conduct, (4) priest-respondents’ personal feelings of competence regarding the codes of pastoral conduct, and (5) priest-respondents’ feelings of support since 2002. Using snowball sampling techniques, 22 Catholic priests were interviewed in 2006 and 2007. These respondent-priests perceived a significant barrier between themselves and bishops. While respondents’ attitudes toward the priesthood and their vocations had not changed, they were less trusting of their bishops. Finally, most had made significant accommodation to the manner in which they minister to parishioners, especially to young people. Respondents indicated that they were less likely to become involved in pastoral counseling, developing social relationships with parishioners, and other non-liturgical activities. Respondents indicated that they were far less likely to engage in pastoral activities that might compromise their future ministry or result in suspicion or an allegation.
The isotopic composition of leachable osmium from river sediments

The 187Os186Os ratios of acidic hydrogen peroxide leaches of river sediments are inferred to be representative of the isotopic composition of Os delivered to sea water from the continents. The 187Os186Os values for river sediment leaches from the eastern and central U.S., the Ganges River, and the Rio Maipo range from 10.1 to 21.5. These results suggest that the 187Os186Os of the soluble river load delivered from the major continental areas to the oceans is, on average, more radiogenic than average currently eroding continental crust (10.5). Sediment leaches from three rivers from the western U.S. that drain ophiolitic peridotites have distinctly lower 187Os186Os values, 1.4–7.1; such rivers may be significant contributors to sea water of the relatively unradiogenic osmium required to yield the contemporary oceanic 187Os186Os of 8.6.
Developmental Changes in Hemodynamic Responses and Cardiovagal Modulation during Isometric Handgrip Exercise

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in pressor response and cardiovagal modulation during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) between children and adults. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured in 23 prepubertal children and 23 adults at baseline and during IHG. Cardiovagal modulation was quantified by analysis of HR variability. Mean arterial pressure responses to IHG were greater in adults compared to children ( 𝑃 . 0 5 ) whereas there were no group differences in HR responses ( 𝑃 > . 0 5 ). Children had a greater reduction in cardiovagal modulation in response to IHG compared to adults ( 𝑃 . 0 5 ). Changes in mean arterial pressure during IHG were correlated with baseline cardiovagal modulation and force produced during isometric contraction ( 𝑃 . 0 5 ). In conclusion, differences in pressor reflex response between children and adults cannot be solely explained by differences in autonomic modulation and appear to be associated with factors contributing to the force produced during isometric contraction.
COMPETITIVE FRAMING PROCESSES IN THE ABORTION DEBATE: Polarization-vilification, Frame Saving, and Frame Debunking

This article investigates how frame alignment processes are employed by a social movement organization in competitive response to a countermovement. Though the battles between feminist organization...
Autonomous robot calibration for hand-eye coordination

Autonomous robot calibration is defined as the process of determining a robot's model by using only its internal sen sors. It is shown that autonomous calibration of a manip ulator and stereo camer...
Further Spectra associated with Carbon

DR. R. C. JOHNSON, in an article with the above title which has just appeared (Proc. Roy. Soc., A, 108, 343, June 1925) has given in his Table IV. a set of six new double-double headed bands, degraded to the violet, and associated with the comet-tail spectrum, which is also double-double headed, but degrades to the red. I find that these new bands have the same set of initial vibration states as the first negative group of carbon, and this, in connexion with the relation stated in my letter of June 8 to NATURE, published in the issue of August 1, that the set of final states of the first negative group and of the comettail bands is the same, leads to relations of considerable importance in the quantum theory of band spectra.
Adaptive virtual resource management with fuzzy model predictive control

Resource management in virtualized systems remains a key challenge where the applications have dynamically changing workloads and the virtual machines (VMs) compete for the shared resources in a convolved manner. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a new resource management approach based on Fuzzy Model Predictive Control (FMPC) which can effectively capture the nonlinear behaviors in VM resource usages through fuzzy modeling and quickly adapt to the changes in the virtualized system through predictive control. This approach is capable of optimizing the VM-to-resource allocations according to high-level service differentiation or revenue maximization objectives. A prototype of this approach was implemented for Xen-based VM systems and evaluated using a typical online transaction benchmark (RUBiS). The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can efficiently allocate CPU resource to multiple VMs to achieve application- or system-level performance objective.
Effects of nitrogen, boron and potassium on boron deficiency, leaf mineral concentrations, and yield of table beets (Beta vulgaris L.)

Abstract Application of 11.2 kg B/ha and/or of 224 kg N/ha reduced the number of table beet (Beta vulgarisL. cv Detroit Dark Red) roots with B deficiency compared to low rates or no N or B application in three field experiments. In two of the three experiments, the 224 kg/ha N rate decreased B concentration in leaves when no B was added yet B deficiency of roots was reduced compared to the 56 kg/ha N rate. B application increased B concentration in leaves. Calcium concentration in leaves was higher at 224 kg N/ha than for 56 kg N/ha. Nitrogen concentration in leaves was increased by increasing the rate of N while K concentration was decreased at the higher N rate. Average number of roots with B deficiency was significantly higher for the Morse strain than for the Harris strain of ‘Detroit Dark Red’ in one experiment where the two strains were compared. There were no differences between the two strains in leaf B concentration but Ca concentration was higher in the Morse strain than for the Harris strain. Y...
β-Catenin/T-cell Factor Signaling Is Activated during Lung Injury and Promotes the Survival and Migration of Alveolar Epithelial Cells

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade activates genes that allow cells to adopt particular identities throughout development. In adult self-renewing tissues like intestine and blood, activation of the Wnt pathway maintains a progenitor phenotype, whereas forced inhibition of this pathway promotes differentiation. In the lung alveolus, type 2 epithelial cells (AT2) have been described as progenitors for the type 1 cell (AT1), but whether AT2 progenitors use the same signaling mechanisms to control differentiation as rapidly renewing tissues is not known. We show that adult AT2 cells do not exhibit constitutive β-catenin signaling in vivo, using the AXIN2+/LacZ reporter mouse, or after fresh isolation of an enriched population of AT2 cells. Rather, this pathway is activated in lungs subjected to bleomycin-induced injury, as well as upon placement of AT2 cells in culture. Forced inhibition of β-catenin/T-cell factor signaling in AT2 cultures leads to increased cell death. Cells that survive show reduced migration after wounding and reduced expression of AT1 cell markers (T1α and RAGE). These results suggest that AT2 cells may function as facultative progenitors, where activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during lung injury promotes alveolar epithelial survival, migration, and differentiation toward an AT1-like phenotype.
Grain boundary sliding and development of grain boundary openings in experimentally deformed octachloropropane

Abstract In situ observations of grain boundary sliding and associated accommodation mechanisms in experimentally pure- and simple-sheared octachloropropane at 75–85% of its absolute melting temperature and at strain rates of 10 −5 -10 −6 s −1 are discussed. Discontinuities in the strain, rotation and/or translation components of deformation across the grain boundary induce grain boundary sliding. The influence of crystallographic orientation of grains on grain boundary sliding is so strong that grains unfavorably oriented for basal slip contribute to deformation mainly by grain boundary sliding. Grain boundary diffusion and intragranular plastic deformation are observed to accommodate grain boundary sliding. Grain boundary diffusion also causes grain boundary migration (Types II and III) that is different from conventional grain boundary migration (Type I) in being non-conservative, and in the details of boundary movement with respect to material points within grains. Grain boundary openings filled with fluid (octachloropropane vapor) are strongly associated with grain boundary sliding. Openings develop preferentially along grain boundaries at low angles to the shortening direction. Once openings grow, they are closed by thrusting of sliding grains and by diffusion in faster strain-rate experiments, and entirely by diffusion in slower strain-rate experiments. An approximately steady openings ratio of 0.5–3% of the sample volume persists without the development of any large-scale fracture. All grain boundary openings disappear during static readjustment of the microstructure after deformation.
Individual Observation Process Monitoring Charts for Systems with Response Lags

Previously, it has been held that statistical process control and engineering process control were two distinct domains for process improvement. However, we design four control policies to integrate the two approaches using a proportional-integral-derivative feedback controller and Shewhart or moving centerline exponentially weighted moving average charts. We specifically consider the impact of these policies for a system with response lags modeled by a second-order dynamic process and autocorrelated nonstationary outside disturbances. These policies are implemented using simulation and applied in a case study of a liquid tank system. Our investigation shows this approach is effective with respect to overall system performance, including quality and cost.
The mosaic of the crypt of St. Nicholas in Bari (Italy): integrated GPR and laboratory diagnostic study

Abstract The crypt of St. Nicholas in Bari, Southern Italy, is a building of cultural worldwide importance. Inside the crypt a mosaic develops on the apsidal floor and along a parietal seat placed along the apsidal masonry, in the form of cladding. A surviving portion of the mosaic pavement is also preserved in the right lateral chapel. Integrated non-destructive survey and laboratory analyses were undertaken for the diagnostic study of the mosaic. GPR prospection was successfully applied to the study of its conservation state, that is strictly related to the condition of the subsoil, in particular to the presence and distribution of water. The presence of water, whose rise interests also some portions of the masonry and water content distribution were identified by the results of electromagnetic wave velocity analysis in GPR data. The decay visible on the tesserae evidenced widespread spalling and crumbling as typical forms that selectively affect the different materials of the tesserae of the mosaic. Samples taken from them were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ion chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses, in order to identify the constituent materials and the products of their decay. The application of the integrated methodologies showed its effectiveness in order to acquire a quite complete knowledge for diagnostic purpose. Decay appeared to be due to the combined presence of water and soluble salts and it has different effects depending on the materials characteristics.
Long-term outcomes after high-dose postprostatectomy salvage radiation treatment.

Purpose To review the impact of high–dose radiotherapy (RT) in the postprostatectomy salvage setting on long-term biochemical control and distant metastases–free survival, and to identify clinical and pathologic predictors of outcomes. Methods and Materials During 1988–2007, 285 consecutive patients were treated with salvage RT (SRT) after radical prostatectomy. All patients were treated with either three-dimensional conformal RT or intensity-modulated RT. Two hundred seventy patients (95%) were treated to a dose ≥66 Gy, of whom 205 (72%) received doses ≥70 Gy. Eighty-seven patients (31%) received androgen-deprivation therapy as a component of their salvage treatment. All clinical and pathologic records were reviewed to identify treatment risk factors and response. Results The median follow-up time after SRT was 60 months. Seven-year actuarial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse-free survival and distant metastases–free survival were 37% and 77%, respectively. Independent predictors of biochemical recurrence were vascular invasion ( p p 0.4 ng/mL ( p p = 0.03), Gleason score ≥7 ( p = 0.02), and seminal vesicle involvement ( p = 0.05). Salvage RT dose ≥70 Gy was not associated with improvement in biochemical control. A doubling time p p = 0.07). Conclusion Salvage RT provides effective long-term biochemical control and freedom from metastasis in selected patients presenting with detectable PSA after prostatectomy. Androgen-deprivation therapy was associated with improvement in biochemical progression-free survival. Clinical local failures were rare but occurred most commonly in patients with greater burden of disease at time of SRT as reflected by either radiographic imaging or a greater PSA level. Salvage radiation doses ≥70 Gy may ultimately be most beneficial in these patients, but this needs to be further studied.
Patient perspectives of opiate withdrawal.

The objective of this study was to gather information on some aspects of the opiate withdrawal experience from the perspective of the addict. For the most part, results were consistent with expectation, e.g., the sequence with which symptoms appear during withdrawal. However, there were some unexpected findings: the patients' report of the severity of the various symptoms differed from that of experienced clinicians, patients emphasizing more the psychological symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms experienced while on methadone maintenance are also documented.
Modeling overlapped operation between the control unit and processing elements in an SIMD machine

Abstract A model for overlapped operation between the control unit (CU) and processing elements (PEs) in an SIMD machine is presented. The major requirements and structure of the CU for overlapped operation in SIMD mode are described and overlapped operation is formally defined. To use the computing power of both the CU and the PEs most effectively to execute a single program, a balanced work load between the CU and PEs is required. It is assumed that certain computations (e.g., the manipulation of loop index variables, PE-common array index calculations) can be migrated from the PEs to the CU and vice versa.This research demonstrates how to increase the effectiveness of an SIMD machine by allowing overlapped operation between the CU and PEs. The best overlapping can be achieved ideally by assigning an equal amount of work to be executed concurrently on the CU and PEs, resulting in a 2N speedup for an N-PE system. The goal of this research is to develop a model of overlapped operation in SIMD mode so that the actual maximum possible performance of the SIMD machine can be attained.