cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A FRAMEWORK FOR REFLECTIVE INQUIRY ON PRACTICE: BEYOND INTUITION AND EXPERIENCE

Summary.-The process of Reflective Inquiry on Practice in a supportive context can lead professionals to seminal insights into their practices and ultimately to improvements in those practices. In this paper, we describe a five-level model for such reflective inquiry and demonstrate how it can be embedded in the context of a smallgroup situation. A case study is presented to exemplify the process in action. We offer this framework as a promising tool for professional development. Since 1942 the first author has been practicing three related professions, Clinical Psychology, Organizational Consulting/Training, and Professorship. In these 50 years he has known many practitioners in similar fields. Some he has known by direct supervision, others in copractice, and still others in various peer groups, such as professional development programs in each of the professional areas. In all this training and practice he has found very few successful and not so successful professionals who could or would articuIate the frameworks which actually guide their various practices. Yet those in the clinical field often knew a lot about basic theory (e.g., Freudian, Rogerian, Behaviorism, etc.). Some in clinical and/or organizational practice were able to articulate an over-all philosophy in which they grounded their work, many knew professional norms and ethics, and legions knew techniques or interventions which they often used. An important "missing link" was observed, namely, the link between theory and practice often known as theory of application (theory of practice or theory of technique). This gap was also apparent in the authors' training in clinical and organizational psychology and teaching at the university level. When asked how or why they actually did what they did, most colleagues and other professionals who were observed, especially if they were c'successful" by most standards, might say something like, "Oh, I rely on my intuition a lot. I can't really articulate explicitly the 'moves' I make with my clients or students." Or some might say, "In my experience with clients like these in such circumstances, I use these techniques and they often work, but I can't tell you or find a label for exactly why or even what I do." For a long time since reading Karl Menninger's classic, The Theory of
Performance comparison of the 4th generation Bio-Rad Laboratories GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab EIA on the EVOLIS™ automated system versus Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo, Ortho Anti-HIV 1 + 2 EIA on Vitros ECi and Siemens HIV-1/O/2 enhanced on Advia Centaur

Abstract Background A multisite study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the Bio-Rad 4th generation GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab EIA versus Abbott 4th generation ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo. The performance of two 3rd generation EIAs, Ortho Diagnostics Anti-HIV 1 + 2 EIA and Siemens HIV 1/O/2 was also evaluated. Objective Study objective was comparison of analytical HIV-1 p24 antigen detection, sensitivity in HIV-1 seroconversion panels, specificity in blood donors and two HIV false reactive panels. Study design Analytical sensitivity was evaluated with International HIV-1 p24 antigen standards, the AFFSAPS (pg/mL) and WHO 90/636 (IU/mL) standards; sensitivity in acute infection was compared on 55 seroconversion samples, and specificity was evaluated on 1000 negative blood donors and two false reactive panels. Results GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab demonstrated better analytical HIV antigen sensitivity compared to ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo: 0.41 IU/mL versus 1.2 IU/mL (WHO) and 12.7 pg/mL versus 20.1 pg/mL (AFSSAPS); GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab EIA also demonstrated slightly better specificity compared to ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo (100% versus 99.7%). The 4th generation HIV Combo tests detected seroconversion 7–11 days earlier than the 3rd generation HIV antibody only EIAs. Conclusion Both 4th generation immunoassays demonstrated excellent performance in sensitivity, with the reduction of the serological window period (7–11 days earlier detection than the 3rd generation HIV tests). However, GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab demonstrated improved HIV antigen analytical sensitivity and slightly better specificity when compared to ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay, with higher positive predictive values (PPV) for low prevalence populations.
Leaf Spot of Radicchio Caused by Alternaria cichorii in California.

A foliar disease of commercially grown radicchio (Cichorium intybus) was observed in 1996 and 1997 in the Salinas Valley (Monterey County), California. Symptoms consisted of circular to oblong, necrotic spots ranging in diameter from 3 to 20 mm and having concentric zones of darker tissue. A fungus identified as Alternaria cichorii Nattrass (1) was observed fruiting on the spots and was consistently isolated from the margins of the spots. Conidia from leaves were obclavate in shape with slender, unbranched beaks extending from the narrow end of the spore body. Spore body dimensions measured 56 to 78 × 14 to 20 μm, and beaks measured 36 to 81 × 1 to 2 μm. Spore bodies had 7 to 9 transverse septa. Often there were no longitudinal septa, but occasionally there were 1 or 2 such septa. For pathogenicity tests, five isolates were grown for 4 weeks on potato dextrose agar under a combination of cool white and Vita-Lite fluorescent tubes on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Conidial suspensions (4.0 × 104 conidia per ml) were sprayed onto 8-week-old radicchio (cv. Rossana Rogers). Plants were incubated in a moist chamber for 48 h and then maintained in a greenhouse. After 12 days, leaf spots similar to the original symptoms developed on all plants inoculated with the five isolates, and the pathogen was reisolated. Control plants sprayed with distilled water remained symptomless. The experiment was repeated and the results were similar. When inoculated onto endive (Cichorium endivia cv. Tres Fine Maraicchere) and two lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars, the isolates caused small (1 to 2 mm in diameter), necrotic, circular leaf spots on endive and Romaine lettuce cv. Green Towers, but did not cause symptoms on the iceberg lettuce cv. Alpha. This is the first report of A. cichorii on commercially grown radicchio in California. In addition, the same disease was confirmed on commercially produced greenhouse transplants of radicchio, indicating that primary inoculum can possibly be seed-borne. Reference: (1) J. C. David. Mycopathologia 129:41, 1995.
Bound states for anisotropic potentials and masses

A general method for finding the energies and wave functions for anisotropic masses and potentials has been studied. This method uses basis wave functions expanded in spherical harmonics. The coupled differential equations for the radial components of each basis function are integrated numerically. The energy eigenfunctions and their radial derivatives are then matched at a spherical boundary. Special treatment is needed to ensure linear independence of the basis functions at the boundary. The applicability of this method and the speed of convergence are tested on anisotropic harmonic oscillators. The method is then applied to the Coulomb potential with anisotropic masses. With a basis of five or fewer spherical harmonics, our method produces energies which converge to values lower than those previously reported. We have also obtained energy levels for the Coulomb potential with threefold mass anisotropy. This method should be applicable to other anisotropic problems with a single potential minimum. In particular, it should facilitate the employment of full-potential Green-function band theory.
Who Governs? Autonomous Political Networks as a Challenge to Power in Thailand

AbstractRecent scholarship examining political contestation in Thailand has emphasised concepts such as “network monarchy,” while pointing to the populism and enduring political influence of Thaksin Shinawatra. While this descriptive work has helped shed light on the architecture of governance in Thailand, it has not been embedded in a broader theoretical approach that might help to train our attention on other powerful actors that play important roles in shaping Thailand’s political and institutional landscape. In this article, I outline one such approach and advance the term “autonomous political networks,” to refer to collections of people who share strong value commitments and political goals and who operate in the space between the country’s dominant political institutions – often straddling positions in the state and civil society simultaneously. This theoretical discussion is grounded empirically in a description of one such network whose power is derived from sources other than electoral legitimac...
Molecular Determinants of CaV2.1 Channel Regulation by Calcium-binding Protein-1 *

Presynaptic CaV2.1 channels, which conduct P/Q-type Ca2+ currents, initiate synaptic transmission at most synapses in the central nervous system. Regulation of CaV2.1 channels by CaM contributes significantly to short term facilitation and rapid depression of synaptic transmission. Short term synaptic plasticity is diverse in form and function at different synapses, yet CaM is ubiquitously expressed. Differential regulation of CaV2.1 channels by CaM-like Ca2+ sensor (CaS) proteins differentially affects short term synaptic facilitation and rapid synaptic depression in transfected sympathetic neuron synapses. Here, we define the molecular determinants for differential regulation of CaV2.1 channels by the CaS protein calcium-binding protein-1 (CaBP1) by analysis of chimeras in which the unique structural domains of CaBP1 are inserted into CaM. Our results show that the N-terminal domain, including its myristoylation site, and the second EF-hand, which is inactive in Ca2+ binding, are the key molecular determinants of differential regulation of CaV2.1 channels by CaBP1. These findings give insight into the molecular code by which CaS proteins differentially regulate CaV2.1 channel function and provide diversity of form and function of short term synaptic plasticity.
Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA To Differentiate Strains of the Indianmeal Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The movement of Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and its ability to infest stored products over large areas is not understood because of the difficulty in identifying the origins of infestations. Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) is a technique that has been used to identify genetic markers in insect populations and may be useful for differentiating populations of P. interpunctella . RAPD PCR was used to differentiate 6 P. interpunctella populations, and the genetic similarity was examined within and among populations. All individual insects were differentiated into correct population groups using only two 10-mer primers.
Low protein C in the neonatal period

Protein C was measured by electroimmunoassay in 47 infants within 24 h of delivery. Gestational age ranged from 28 to 43 weeks. The mean level was 27% (range less than 10-67%) of the normal adult mean. In the 22 infants who had no clinical problems, protein C levels correlated significantly with gestational age. In the 25 who were sick there was no correlation, and the mean level was significantly lower than that of the healthy infants. Postnatal rise was slow; on day 7 the mean was 32% and on day 28, 31%. Levels of protein C correlated significantly with prothrombin in both the healthy and sick infants. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of calcium ions gave one protein C peak of the same electrophoretic mobility as is seen in plasma of healthy adults, indicating that the infants' protein C is gamma carboxylated. It is concluded that: (1) Protein C in neonates is in or below the range associated with thromboembolism in patients congenitally deficient in this protein; (2) protein C levels correlate with gestational age; and (3) the low levels during the neonatal period are not due to decreased gamma carboxylation but may reflect decreased synthesis when compared to the older child or the adult.
A structural model of aircraft engine maintenance

SUMMARY We develop and estimate a simple regenerative optimal stopping model of aircraft engine maintenance that attempts to describe the behaviour of airline maintenance personnel. The model assumes that the decision to send an engine to the shop for overhaul is the solution to a stochastic dynamic programming problem that trades off the expected cost of continuing operation with the attendant risk of engine failure with the cost of performing the overhaul. We estimate the model using 42 engine histories from Pratt & Whitney, Inc. Estimation results indicate that such a model does not explain observed engine histories before deregulation, but does fit the data in the era since deregulation. The model also provides insight into the perceived relative costs of engine maintenance, in-flight shutdown, and ordinary operation.
Design of inductively detuned RF extraction cavities for the Relativistic Klystron Two Beam Accelerator

An inductively detuned traveling wave cavity for the Relativistic Klystron Two Beam Accelerator expected to extract high RF power at 11.424 GHz for the 1 TeV Center of Mass Next Linear Collider has been designed. Longitudinal beam dynamics studies led to the following requirements on cavity design: (a) Extraction of 360 MW of RF power with RF component of the current being 1.15 kAmps at 11.424 GHz (b) Inductively detuned traveling wave cavity with wave phase velocity equal to 4/3 the speed of light. (c) Output cavity with appropriate Q/sub ext/ and eigenfrequency for proper matching. Furthermore, transverse beam dynamics require low shunt impedances to avoid the beam break-up instability. We describe the design effort to meet these criteria based on frequency-domain and time-domain computations using 2D- and 3D-electromagnetic codes.
Expression of the gene encoding the major bacterial nucleoid protein H‐NS is subject to transcriptional auto‐repression

Expression of a promoterless cat gene fused to a DNA fragment of approximately 400 bp, beginning at -313 of Escherichia coli hns, was significantly repressed in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains with wild-type hns but not in mutants carrying hns alleles. CAT expression from fusions containing a shorter (110 bp) segment of hns was essentially unaffected in the same genetic backgrounds. The stage of growth was found to influence the extent of repression which was maximum (approximately 75%) in mid-log cultures and negligible in cells entering the stationary phase. The level of repression in early-log phase was lower than in mid-log phase cultures, probably because of the presence of high levels of Fis protein, which counteracts the H-NS inhibition by stimulating hns transcription. The effects observed in vivo were mirrored by similar results obtained in vitro upon addition of purified H-NS and Fis protein to transcriptional systems programmed with the same hns caf fusions. Electrophoretic gel shift assays, DNase I footprinting and cyclic permutation get analyses revealed that H-NS binds preferentially to the upstream region of its own gene recognizing two rather extended segments of DNA on both sides of a bend centred around -150. When these sites are filled by H-NS, an additional site between approximately -20 and -65, which partly overlaps the promoter, is also occupied. Binding of H-NS to this site is probably the ultimate cause of transcriptional auto-repression.
Flow control techniques for multicasting in gigabit networks

Communication protocol designers are facing new challenges due to the development of high-speed networks and to the increasing demands of network applications. Gigabit networks pose a challenge to flow control techniques developed for traditional acknowledgment-based, and typically packet-switched, lower-speed networks. Network applications such as distributed databases, groupware and distributed multimedia, all of which require multicasting, have rendered insufficient existing point-to-point flow control methodologies. We examine the problem of flow control for multicasting in gigabit networks. Instead of feedback or rate adaptation techniques, we employ more active flow control mechanisms that use traffic information in protocol control frames. These techniques are very effective for the totally ordered multicast protocol we have developed for the QuickRing gigabit local-area network.
Net and pin distribution for 3D package global routing

In this paper, we study the net and pin distribution problem for global routing targeting three dimensional packaging layout via System-on-Package (SOP). The routing environment for the new emerging mixed-signal SOP technology is more advanced than that of the conventional PCB or MCM technology -- pins are located at all layers of SOP packaging substrate rather than the top-most layer only. This is the first work to formulate and solve the multi-layer net and pin distribution for layer, wirelength, and crosstalk minimization.
Revision of the Australian Alysiini (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

The Australian species of Alysiini are revised. Fourteen genera are treated, with eight of these recorded from Australia for the first time. Two of the genera, one from eastern Australia and one from New Guinea, are described as new. Two new subgenera are described, Idiasta Foerster (Apiasta, subgen. nov.) and Leptolarthra Fischer (Cratocarpa, subgen. nov.). Forty-nine species are described, 43 of them new: one in Aphaereta Foerster; eight in Aspilota Foerster; six in Cratospila Foerster; 13 in Dinotrema Foerster; one in Heleomyzophaga, gen. nov.; one in Heratemis Walker; one in Hovhoa, gen. nov.; four in Idiasta; three in Leptolarthra; three in Orthostigma Ratzeburg; one in Phaenocarpa Foerster; and one in Tanycarpa Foerster. Keys are presented to all genera of Alysiinae known from Australia as well as the Australian species of Asobara, Aspilota, Cratospila, Dinotrema and Orthostigma. Additionally, the world genera are reviewed and their relationships discussed to provide a context for an assessment of the Australian fauna. The status of 80 available genus-group names is discussed. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Neorthostigma Belokobylskij and Patriaspilota Fischer are treated as subgenera of Orthostigma; Acrobela Foerster as a synonym of Tanycarpa; Idiolexis Foerster as a synonym of Phaenocarpa; Eudinostigma Tobias as a synonym of Dinotrema; and Leptotrema van Achterberg as a subgenus of Dinotrema. The following new combinations are in addition to those associated with the above nomenclatural changes: Aspilota magnareata (Fischer); Dinotrema hardyi (Fischer); Dinotrema parvimaxillatum (Fischer); Dinotrema rotatum (Fischer); Dinotrema schoenmanni (Fischer); Leptolarthra cubiceps (Bischoff); and Orthostigma orthostigmoides (Fischer). Host records are included for two of the newly described species. Heleomyzophaga collessi, gen. nov. et sp. nov. was reared from a heleomyzid fly and Dinotrema monstrosum, sp. nov. was reared from a platypezid fly. A third species, Idiasta minor, sp. nov., was collected from pitfall traps baited with carrion.
Impaired regulation of HLA-DR expression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected monocytes.

Although direct cytopathic effects have a major role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, immune defects that disrupt normal immune function also contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis. HIV-1 infection has been associated with a number of immunological defects that lead to
A Destination Recommendation System for Virtual Worlds

This paper describes the design and training of a recommendation system that helps the user navigate in Second Life (SL), a massively multi-player online environment. Second Life allows users to create a virtual avatar and explore areas built by other users. However, unlike the real world, virtual attractions can be constructed within hours and previous ones often rapidly fall into disuse. Without recent information about the state of regions in the world, it is difficult to assist the user’s searches in the virtual world. In this paper, we present a framework for leveraging recommendations about locations made by other users using a collaborative item-based filtering method in which locations are treated as items. Our system runs in real-time and presents the user with information via a virtual heads-up display (HUD).
Available phosphorus requirements of food-size channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed practical diets in ponds

A pond feeding experiment was conducted in which Year 2 channel catfish (average initial weight, 61 ± 5 g) were stocked in 400 m2 earthen ponds (13950 fish ha−1) and fed an all-plant extrusion processed commercial type diet that contained 0.20, 0.27, 0.36, 0.44 and 0.60% available phosphorus from plant ingredients and monosodium phosphate. Availability of phosphorus in the basal diet and monosodium phosphate was determined by digestibility (net absorption) trials. All diets contained an inorganic calcium:available phosphorus ratio of 1:1. Each diet was fed to fish in four replicate ponds once daily to satiation throughout a 140 day growing season. Data for weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, serum phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, bone ash, bone phosphorus, bone breaking strength, muscle composition and visceral fat were subjected to regression analysis to determine effects of the dietary levels of available phosphorus on these responses. There was no significant effect (P > 0.10) of increasing dietary available phosphorus on weight gain, feed conversion, and dressing percentage. Serum phosphorus, bone ash, bone phosphorus, fat, moisture and protein contents of muscle and visceral fat showed significant linear responses (P < 0.06) and serum alkaline phosphatase activity and bone breaking strength showed significant quadratic responses (P < 0.04) with increasing concentrations of dietary available phosphorus. Broken-line analysis showed that maximum serum alkaline phosphatase activity and bone breaking strength were obtained at dietary available phosphorus concentrations of 0.25 and 0.31%, respectively. Data from this study indicated that an all-plant, commercial type diet with no phosphorus supplement, containing 0.20% available phosphorus, was sufficient for maximum weight gain by channel catfish grown to marketable size in ponds. Based upon alkaline phosphatase activity and bone strength, 0.3% available phosphorus is recommended for production diets for catfish grown in ponds. Increasing the dietary available phosphorus to higher concentrations appears to reduce muscle and visceral fat in intensively-fed, pond-grown channel catfish.
Breakaways in specialist secure psychiatry.

Violent and aggressive behaviour towards clinical staff poses a serious problem in inpatient forensic services for men, women (Nicholls et al. 2009) and adolescents (McDougall 2000), and in inpatient acquired brain injury (Alderman 2007) and geriatric units (Almvik et al. 2006). The National Institute for Mental Health in England (2005) recommends that staff who are exposed to violence and aggression should be trained in ‘breakaway’ techniques (‘breakaways’): ‘a set of physical skills to help separate or breakaway from an aggressor in a safe manner . . . [that] do not involve the use of restraint’. Previous studies have raised concerns about content and delivery of breakaway training (Rogers et al. 2007) and about its effectiveness in terms of translation into practice (Rogers et al. 2006, 2007, Dickens et al. 2009). Previous large-scale surveys of nursing and other clinical staff about their use of breakaway techniques have been conducted in acute psychiatric settings (Wright et al. 2005) and results may not generalize to specialist forensic and other secure services. Studies of inpatient violence that include data from secure services (Royal College of Psychiatrists 2005) lack detail about the use of breakaway techniques specifically. In order to inform training developments in our service, we conducted a study to describe the use of breakaways among registered mental health and learning disability nurses (RNs), healthcare assistants (HCAs) and other multidisciplinary clinical staff (‘other staff’) in a large specialist secure psychiatric hospital.
Predictors of Functional Impairment in Residents of Assisted-Living Facilities: The Maryland Assisted Living Study

Background. Assisted living is a popular residential option for older individuals, yet little research has been done on people choosing this option. This study examines predictors of functional impairment in assisted living residents in the domains of cognition, mood, and health. Methods. An experienced team of neuropsychiatrists, nurses, and technicians using a number of cognitive, behavioral, health, and functional status tests and a cross-sectional study design assessed 198 residents of 22 assisted living facilities in Maryland. Data from these evaluations were used in univariate and multiple regression models to identify predictors of functional impairment, operationalized as the sum of the scores on two scales, one measuring impairment in basic activities of daily living and one measuring impairment in instrumental activities of daily living. Results. Greater cognitive impairment, worse depression, and worse medical health were significant independent predictors of functional impairment, together explaining a sizeable portion of the variance (adjusted R 2 = 0.434), None of the demographic variables examined individually, including age and education, was predictive of functional impairment. In an analysis of specific cognitive domains, executive dysfunction, impairment of visuospatial skills, and amnesia were significant predictors of impairment, whereas inattention was not. Conclusion. Executive dysfunction, apraxia, memory impairment, depression, and general medical health are all significant predictors of functional impairment in assisted living residents, with executive dysfunction being the strongest. These results may be instrumental in developing a more efficient model of care for residents of assisted living facilities, one based on having accurate predictive models of degree of impairment.
Polysaccharides Cellulose, Poly-β-1,6-N-Acetyl-d-Glucosamine, and Colanic Acid Are Required for Optimal Binding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains to Alfalfa Sprouts and K-12 Strains to Plastic but Not for Binding to Epithelial Cells

When Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria are added to alfalfa sprouts growing in water, the bacteria bind tightly to the sprouts. In contrast, laboratory K-12 strains of E. coli do not bind to sprouts under similar conditions. The roles of E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsular polysaccharide, and exopolysaccharides in binding to sprouts were examined. An LPS mutant had no effect on the binding of the pathogenic strain. Cellulose synthase mutants showed a significant reduction in binding; colanic acid mutants were more severely reduced, and binding by poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (PGA) mutants was barely detectable. The addition of a plasmid carrying a cellulose synthase gene to K-12 strains allowed them to bind to sprouts. A plasmid carrying the Bps biosynthesis genes had only a marginal effect on the binding of K-12 bacteria. However, the introduction of the same plasmid allowed Sinorhizobium meliloti and a nonbinding mutant of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to bind to tomato root segments. These results suggest that although multiple redundant protein adhesins are involved in the binding of E. coli O157:H7 to sprouts, the polysaccharides required for binding are not redundant and each polysaccharide may play a distinct role. PGA, colanic acid, and cellulose were also required for biofilm formation by a K-12 strain on plastic, but not for the binding of E. coli O157:H7 to mammalian cells.
Family Firms and Social Responsibility: Preliminary Evidence from the S&P 500:

Little is known about the impact of family ownership and management on corporate social performance. Some scholars have suggested that family firms are not likely to act in a socially responsible m...
A comparative study of elderly patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in nursing homes and the community

This study compared the functioning of 188 elderly schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients living in nursing homes and the community. Residential status and diagnostic groups were compared on measures of symptomatology, cognitive impairment, functional impairment, and behavior problems. In general, the diagnostic groups differed in symptoms, while most differences in living setting were related to cognition, functioning, and behavior. Nursing home status was significantly associated with more severe overall symptom ratings, worse cognitive impairment, greater functional impairment, more aggressive behaviors, and marital status of having never married. Self-care skills, community living skills, and marital status were most uniquely predictive of nursing home residence. However, cognitive deficits were strongly predictive of both self-care and community living skills, explaining approximately half of the variance in these variables. The implications of these findings for the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses are discussed.
NITRIC OXIDE-INDUCED MODIFICATION OF PROTEIN THIOLATE CLUSTERS AS DETERMINED BY SPECTRAL FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER IN LIVE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiols are found in many tissues and affect a diverse array of signaling pathways via decomposition to *NO or exchange of their -NO function with thiol-containing proteins (transnitrosation). We used spectral laser scanning confocal imaging to visualize the effects of D- and L-stereoisomers of S-nitrosocysteine ethyl ester (SNCEE) on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based reporters that are targets for the following NO-related modifications: (a) S-nitrosation, via the cysteine-rich protein metallothionein (FRET-MT), and (b) nitrosyl-heme-Fe, via guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cygnet-2). Conformational changes consistent with S-nitrosation of FRET-MT were specific to l-SNCEE. In addition, they were reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT) but unaffected by exogenous oxyhemoglobin. In contrast, d- and l-SNCEE had comparable effects on cygnet-2, likely via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by *NO as they were sensitive to the sGC inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha] quinoxalin-1-one and exogenous oxyhemoglobin. These data demonstrate the utility of spectral laser scanning confocal imaging in revealing subtle aspects of NO signal transduction in live cells. Stereoselective transnitrosation of MT emphasizes the specificity of posttranslational modification as a component of NO signaling.
Regional Coronary Venous Oxygen Saturation and Myocardial Oxygen Tension following Abrupt Changes in Ventricular Pressure in the Isolated Dog Heart

Regional coronary venous oxygen saturation and myocardial oxygen tension (PO2) in isolated dog hearts were measured using two different methods--a new technique of microscopic oximetry and an improved oxygen electrode. Both methods yielded similar results. In studies of the isolated perfused dog heart developing a constant left ventricular systolic pressure, mean coronary venous oxygen saturation of blood in the subendocardial veins of the left ventricle was significantly lower than that in the subepicardial veins. Following abrupt increases in systolic pressure, subendocardial coronary venous saturations fell to even lower levels. Following abrupt decreases in systolic pressure, the mean subendocardial coronary venous oxygen saturation increased to levels above those in the blood of the subepicardial veins. These findings agree with the hypothesis that transient underperfusion and overperfusion of the subendocardial layers of the left ventricle occur with abrupt increases and decreases in ventricular pre...
The evolutionary origin of a second radiation of annual Castilleja (Orobanchaceae) species in South America: the role of long distance dispersal and allopolyploidy.

Considerable attention has been directed toward understanding the wide gaps in range that are common among many groups of closely related organisms. By placing their biology and geography in a phylogenetic context, we may gain a broader knowledge of the series of historical events that have led to present species distributions. In addition to the North American annuals, a second radiation of annual Castilleja species is in Andean Peru and central Chile. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions revealed a complex history for the origin and diversification of annual Castilleja species in South America. In addition to at least three independent long-distance dispersal events from North America, allopolyploidy has played a significant role in this disjunct radiation. Only C. attenuata occurs in both California and South America, and these results support its recent arrival to central Chile. Two Peruvian species are inferred to be allopolyploids; hybridization between annual lineages derived from independent long-distance dispersal events from North America gave rise to C. profunda, and hybridization between South American annual and perennial species gave rise to C. cerroana. The relative importance these events are discussed with reference to the observed morphological, ecological, and distributional patterns.
Error rate considerations for 256-QAM systems in presence of adjacent channel interference

Performance degradation of 256-QAM systems in the presence of adjacent channel interference and thermal noise is studied. The authors consider two adjacent interferers of the same modulation format as the useful signal, placed symmetrically around it. The results are presented as equivalent carrier-to-noise (C/N) degradation for different channel spacings and carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratios. To allow easy comparison with 64-QAM systems, the authors present the degradation of these systems for the same values as those of the 256-QAM schemes. It is found that for C/I=0 dB and for a 256-QAM system using raised-cosine filters with alpha =0.5
Predictors of Practitioner Self-reported Use of Evidence-Based Practices: Practitioner Training, Clinical Setting, and Attitudes Toward Research

In light of the recent movement toward evidence-based practice (EBP) in mental health services, practitioner adoption of EBPs in clinical settings has emerged as an important area for study. This paper reports on the results of a national online survey of mental health practitioners in an attempt to identify correlates of self-reported EBP use in practice. The survey consisted of 214 mental health practitioners from 15 states drawn from a diverse set of clinical settings and representing a variety of theoretical orientations. The results indicated that practitioner training (i.e., taking a class in EBPs), the perceived openness of the clinical setting toward EBPs, and the practitioner’s attitudes toward treatment research were significant predictors of self-reported EBP use. The relationship between clinical setting and EBP use was partially mediated by attitudes toward treatment research. Negative attitudes toward treatment research partially mediated the relationship between practitioner training and self-reported EBP use. The findings are presented within the context of efforts to increase EBP use in clinical settings and implications for clinical training, treatment research, and EBP dissemination efforts are discussed.
A Theory of Heterosexual Transvestism and Secondary Transsexualism

A theory of heterosexual transvestism should attempt to explain the origins of this syndrome, the developmental process which seems basic to its many expressions, and the ultimate behaviors which emerge. It should encompass the entire range of transvestic behavior, from fetishism through secondary transsexualism. Of greatest importance is the necessity to conceptualize heterosexual transvestism as a multistage developmental process, heavily dependent upon cognitive structures, and as a means of generating intense positive reinforcement and changes in mood.
Does Prison Reform Bring Sentencing Reform? The Congress, the Courts, and the Structural Injunction

This is a symposium on sentencing reform, but I was asked to write about prison reform litigation. These seem like two independent areas of reform. Still, one could argue that the two are inextricably intertwined, since prisons flow from sentences of confinement and those sentences rely on the availability of a place of confinement. So that is a connection that this Article explores. It is a connection that Congress addressed in the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) which, perhaps unwittingly, validated the structural injunctions in cases attacking conditions of confinement as unconstitutional. And it is a connection that lies not far beneath the surface of the California prison reform case, Brown v. Plata. Both the statute and the decision in Plata are more than what appears on the surface. Prisoners in California’s state prison system brought suit to attack the grossly inadequate mental and physical medical care provided to them during their confinement. The suits did not attack California’s draconian sentencing laws; it
Armstrong, D. M., J. P. Fitzgerald, and C A. Meaney. 2011. Mammals of Colorado. 2nd ed. Denver Museum of Nature & Science, and University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, xi + 620 pp. ISBN 978-1-60732-047-0, price (hardbound), $54.99

D. M. Armstrong, J. P. Fitzgerald, C. A. Meaney. 2011. Mammals of Colorado. 2nd ed. Denver Museum of Nature & Science, and University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, xi + 620 pp. ISBN 978-1-60732-047-0, price (hardbound), $54.99. Since the beginning of the 20th century, no fewer than 11 comprehensive books or monographs have been published about mammals in Colorado, starting with Merritt Cary's (1911) monograph, A Biological Survey of Colorado , and culminating with this excellent comprehensive documentation of the 128 species of Colorado's recent native mammal fauna. The senior author, Dr. David Armstrong, also published a monograph about the distribution and systematics of Colorado's mammals (Armstrong 1972), and he was 3rd author on the 1st edition of Mammals of Colorado , which was published in 1994 (Fitzgerald et al. 1994). The current edition incorporates the more useful information of its predecessor volumes while clearly reflecting the unique character of its senior author, who has spent his entire career, spanning almost 50 years, studying mammals in this geographically and environmentally diverse state. The prepage materials include a table of contents and an introduction that describes the purpose and organization of the book (with references justifying selection of scientific and common names), and close with an acknowledgments section from each of the 3 authors. The book itself consists of 4 general chapters followed by chapters treating each of the orders of mammals that are represented in the modern fauna of Colorado. The 4 general chapters are intended to provide context and cover the environment, mammals in general, the history of the Coloradan fauna and the evolution of human understanding of that fauna, and the ongoing stewardship issues of consequence to Coloradan mammals (game and nongame) and their habitats. Chapter 1 is a 30-page summary of Colorado's environment, including an overview of the state's geography, geology and landforms, watersheds, climates and climate change, soils, and ecosystems (including a 2-page map of the 8 major environments). The chapter also includes a 5-page table depicting …
Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics

Abstract. The impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances (ECED observed drastic increases of the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved methane in thermokarst lakes in western Siberia during a summer warming event; disentangling the roles of herbivores and fire on forest carbon dioxide flux; direct and indirect impacts of fire on the global carbon balance; and improved atmospheric inversion of regional carbon sources and sinks by incorporating disturbances. Combined, studies herein indicate several major research needs. First, disturbances and extreme events can interact with one another, and it is important to understand their overall impacts and also disentangle their effects on the carbon cycle. Second, current ecosystem models are not skillful enough to correctly simulate the underlying processes and impacts of ECE&D (e.g., tree mortality and carbon consequences). Third, benchmark data characterizing the timing, location, type, and magnitude of disturbances must be systematically created to improve our ability to quantify carbon dynamics over large areas. Finally, improving the representation of ECE&D in regional climate/earth system models and accounting for the resulting feedbacks to climate are essential for understanding the interactions between climate and ecosystem dynamics.
SuperLux: Smart Light Art, Design and Architecture for Cities: Davina Jackson, Editor, Thames & Hudson, 2015, 272 pages, $55.00 (hardcover)

Like the sun, which illuminates the visible with light, for Socrates in Plato's Republic, the idea of goodness illuminates the intelligible with truth, thus making it possible for people to obtain ...
COMPONENTS OF FAMILY LIFE SATISFACTION IN A SAMPLE OF 58 KOREAN/AMERICAN COUPLES '

Szrmmary.--In prevlous research with middle-class, midwestern couples, family life satisfaction has been predicted primarily by marital satisfaction. In this study, 58 American husbands and 58 Korean wives responded to a survey in their native languages concerning family life satisfaction and its components. For both spouses, marital satisfaction was the most substantial predictor of Family life satisfaction. Although parental satisfaction was important for husbands, it was not a significant predictor for wives. What is the meaning of "family life" satisfaction? When subjects respond to a question about family life satisfaction, how do they weight different aspects of family life to come to an over-all estimate? Previous research (5, 6) showed that the best predictor of family life satisfaction was satisfaction with spouse, followed by satisfaction with the parental relationship; however, such relationships might prove to be different in different types of fades. The goal of this study was to replicate the previous research of Schumm, et al. (5, 6) in predicting family life satisfaction from marital and parental satisfaction but improve upon it by adding a measure of self-satisfaction to the independent variables, by using scales rather than single items as independent variables, and by using a sample quite different in racial composition. Using a sample of 58 couples wherein all husbands were Americans and all wives were native Koreans, we predicted a single item, "How satisfied are you with your family life?" from the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (3, the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale (2, 3), and a self-satisfaction scale consisting of three items concerning satisfaction with career, property, and abihty to get things done. Previous research has confirmed the distinct dimensionality of the three independent variables, which have Cronbach (1) alphas of .87, .86, and .68 for husbands and .94, .93, and .84 for wives, respectively (4). Most (63.8%) of the husbands in the sample were on active duty with the U.S. military, whereas most of their Korean wives (67.2%) were homemakers. The mean duration of marriage was 10.5 yr. (SD = 6.2), and the average number of children was 1.78 (SD = 0.88). Sample characteristics are presented in more detail elsewhere (4).
Screened Electrostatically Embedded Many-Body Method

The electrostatically embedded many-body (EE-MB) method has been very successful for calculating energies of molecular clusters. Here, we introduce screened charges in the EE-MB method and evaluate...
Treatment of pneumonia with Herbal Houttuynia injection in neonates

Objective: Observation of the effection of Herbal Houttuyniae injection on neonatal pneumonia. Methods: 64 Neonates suffered from pneumonia were randomly selected and divided into two groups: The control group treated with antibiotics only and the observing group with Herbal Houttuyniae plus antibiotics. Results: There are great differences between observing and the time for cardinal symptoms disappearing and therapy duration are much shorter in observing group than in control group.(P 0.05). Conclution: The results suggested that the therapy of pneumonia with Herbal Houttuyniae injection in neonates is an effective and safe treatment with less by-effect.
Investigation and analysis of food contamination by foodborne pathogens in market-sold food in Tonglu county in 2010

Objective:To investigate the current status of food contamination by food borne pathogens in the market in Tonglu county.Methods: Total of 509 food samples for 9 kinds of food in 8 classes were collected from 5 open-markets of farm produce and 2 non-open supper markets to conduct pathogen detection.Results: 115 strains of pathogens were detected from 509 food samples(The total detection rate was 22.59%),including 71 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 31 strains of Salmonella and 13 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,their detection rate were 13.95% and 6.09% and 2.56% respectively.The detection rates in fishery and pork and marine products were 54.28% and 28.70% and 26.67% respectively.In summer and autumn,foodborne pathogens detection rate in open market was 3.5 times higher than in non-open market.Conclusion: The fishery and pork and marine product were the main contaminated foods.Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were common types of foodborne pathogens in food in Tonglu county.The contamination rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was more serious than Salmonella,and the contamination rate of Salmonella was more serious than Staphylococcus aureus.In summer and autumn,if the open market was instead by non-open market,the detection rate food-borne pathogens may be reduced by 72%.
Further Evidence for Smoking and Substance Use Disorders in Youth With Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Conduct Disorder.

OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a highly morbid disorder increasingly recognized in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the relative risk for substance use disorders (SUDs; alcohol or drug abuse or dependence) and cigarette smoking in adolescents with BPD. METHODS We evaluated the relative risk for SUDs and cigarette smoking in a case-controlled, 5-year prospective follow-up of adolescents with (n = 105, mean ± SD baseline age = 13.6 ± 2.5 years) and without ("controls"; n = 98, baseline age = 13.7 ± 2.1 years) BPD. Seventy-three percent of subjects were retained at follow-up (BPD: n = 68; controls: n = 81; 73% reascertainment). Our main outcomes were assessed by blinded structured interviews for DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS Maturing adolescents with BPD, compared to controls, were more likely to endorse higher rates of SUD (49% vs 26%; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-3.6; P = .02) and cigarette smoking (49% vs 17%; HR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.1; P = .004), as well as earlier onset of SUD (14.9 ± 2.6 [SD] years vs 16.5 ± 1.6 [SD] years; t = 2.6; P = .01). Subjects with conduct disorder (CD) were more likely to have SUD and nicotine dependence than subjects with BPD alone or controls (all P values .05). Subjects with the persistence of a BPD diagnosis were also more likely to endorse cigarette smoking and SUD in comparison to those who lost a BPD diagnosis or controls at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results provide further evidence that adolescents with BPD, particularly those with comorbid CD, are significantly more likely to endorse cigarette smoking and SUDs when compared to their non-mood disordered peers. These findings indicate that youth with BPD should be carefully monitored for comorbid CD and the development of cigarette smoking and SUDs.