cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
KIDNEY DISEASE, INCREASED BODY MASS INDEXES, AND ANTERIOR TEETH TREATMENT NEEDS

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that individuals with kidney disease will have more dental issues affecting their anterior teeth. This effect on oral health would be independent from the effects of their higher frequency of obesity. Methods: Using the University of Pittsburgh School of DentalMedicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository project, anterior teeth treatment history was evaluated for patients with kidney disease. Four thousand nine hundred and eighty-three individuals were evaluated. Individuals with kidney disease were compared to individuals who did not present the condition. Results: One hundred and three individuals reported kidney disease and 1,424 had history of treatment of anterior teeth. Individuals with kidney disease had significant more anterior teeth treatments (p=0.001). Individuals who reported kidney disease also had a higher frequency of overweight individuals, but anterior teeth restoration needs were higher in all individuals with kidney disease, independent of their body mass index. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease increases treatment needs of anterior teeth and potentially leads to worse oral health outcomes and warrants changes in protocols for treatment of individuals with chronic kidney disease.
Comment: Accuracy and importance of SMN2 copy number

In this article, Schorling et al.1 report SMN2 copy number in 20 patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) methodology and found discrepant results in 9 patients. While it has long been understood that SMA phenotype is modified, in part, by the SMN2 copy number, it is also known that the correlation is not absolute.2 Furthermore, the influence of SMN2 copy number in patients with pathogenic variants, and therefore retaining one SMN1 allele, has yet to be determined.
Multi-kernel Analysis Paradigm Implementing the Learning from Loads Approach for Smart Power Systems

The future of electric power grid infrastructure is strongly associated with the heavy use of information and learning technologies. In this chapter, a new machine learning paradigm is presented focusing on the analysis of recorded electricity load data. The presented paradigm utilizes a set of multiple kernel functions to analyze a load signal into a set of components. Each component models a set of different data properties, while the coefficients of the analysis are obtained using an optimization algorithm and more specifically a simple genetic algorithm. The overall goal of the analysis is to identify the data properties underlying the observed loads. The identified properties will be used for building more efficient forecasting tools by retaining those kernels that are higher correlated with the observed signals. Thus, the multi-kernel analysis implements a “learning from loads” approach, which is a pure data driven method avoiding the explicit modeling of the factors that affect the load demand in smart power systems. The paradigm is applied on real world nodal load data taken from the Chicago metropolitan Area. Results indicate that the proposed paradigm can be used in applications where the analysis of load signals is needed.
You’re Not Waiting, You’re Doing I/O

We discuss some of the growing problem in computer usage related to storage. As computers continue to get faster and support more memory and larger, more sophisticated applications we are seeing that the I/O and storage services are inadequate. Two rather bad omens are that the disparities are growing, and nothing seems to be being done about it by vendors.
P-224 East suffolk preferred place of care pilot

In East Suffolk, our local End of Life (EOL) strategy priority is to support more people to achieve their preferred place of care and to deliver a reduction in the number of deaths in an acute setting. We have a shared local ambition between all partners to reduce in-hospital deaths by 50% over five years. From January 2018 a new community based model of EOL care has been piloted in East Suffolk resourced by iBCF funding over 18 months. This model has built on the role of the local hospice, St Elizabeth Hospice, as a co-ordinating ‘hub’ to support patients, families and carers in their final stage of life and to support patients to die in their preferred place of care. Elements of the service model include: Increasing palliative care capacity in the system to include more health care assistants to provide in–reach service to the hospital and proactive care, coordinated by the hospice, in partnership with other providers; Expansion of the existing ‘One Call’ advice phone line to establish a care co–ordination centre; Developing a range of care homes accredited and actively supported by the local hospice to provide alternatives for direct admission as an alternative to hospital. The interim pilot evaluation has demonstrated: A 10% reduction in number of hospital deaths; Calls to the advice line increasing from 1,300 to 1,900; Proactive working – to support admission avoidance and discharge from hospital; St Elizabeth Hospice Community nurse specialist team – there has been a 31% rise in demand for planned and reactive visits during 2018; 10 care homes have signed up to a scheme to be end of life accredited care homes. The pilot has been extended for a further three months funded by the CCG and a final evaluation of the pilot is to be completed later this year.
Nonlinear dynamics and gust response of a two-dimensional wing

Abstract In this paper, aeroelastic equations for a two-dimensional wing encountering a wind gust are presented and solved numerically. The indicial aerodynamic theory based on Wagner’s function is adopted to obtain aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the wing in the time domain. The dynamics of the wing is approximated via two degrees-of-freedom, i.e. pitch and plunge. The structural stiffness is modeled by a linear translational and a nonlinear torsional spring. Two different types of stiffness nonlinearities are examined: (i) flat spot or dead zone to model free-play, and (ii) hysteresis. For given system parameters, bifurcation diagrams are presented, and time-history, power-spectral density, phase-plane and Poincare diagrams are shown at different flow velocities. We show that the dynamics of the system with the free-play nonlinearity may be very complex with the possibility of the occurrence of chaos through period-doubling bifurcations. In contrast, the dynamics with the hysteresis nonlinearity is found to be rather simple, where a Hopf bifurcation is the only bifurcation observed. The response of the nonlinear system to sharp-edged and 1-cosine gust profiles are also obtained at different flow velocities and compared to the time response of the system with no gust input. It was found that the gust input may cause the nonlinear system to get attracted to a periodic orbit in the subcritical flow regime. In addition, basin of attraction is obtained for various amplitudes of the sharp-edged gust. It is discussed that as the gust becomes stronger, the likelihood of the occurrence of limit-cycle oscillation increases while the stable points become less dispersed inside the stability map and form a finite region confined to large values of initial conditions.
An Evaluation of Airport Traffic Airspace Use by Terminal Airspace Class

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) pose a significant and increasing threat of collision with manned aircraft as they are further integrated into the National Airspace System (NAS). Current federal regulations for sUAS lay out rules for safe operation, including measures to prevent collision with manned aircraft under limited concepts of operation. However, these regulations are effective only to the extent that they are followed. While some sUAS have regulation-based limitations coded in their software (e.g., an altitude ceiling) to prevent violations, many regulations rely on the sUAS's operator's knowledge and compliance. Relying on regulation compliance to ensure safety is insufficient; multiple instances have occurred where initial detection of a trespassing sUAS was from a pilot visually spotting the sUAS. Visual detection additionally cannot be relied on during low visibility and low light conditions when visual detection of a sUAS would be extremely difficult. Instead, a surveillance system may be needed to identify trespassing sUAS to maintain safe distances between manned aircraft and sUAS to prevent loss of life or damage to property. This paper examines manned aircraft radar tracks from 2015 to quantitively evaluate and categorize airspace usage characteristics with regards to potential surveillance solutions.
Same-Sex Couples and the Police: A 10-Year Study of Arrest and Dual Arrest Rates in Responding to Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence.

Despite concern, little research has been conducted on whether victims in same-sex relationships receive disparate treatment from law enforcement. Utilizing 2000 through 2009 National Incident-Base...
Effect of strenuous and mild pre-meal exercise on postprandial lipemia.

Abstract An attempt was made to elucidate the mechanism whereby exercise facilitates postprandial lipid clearance. Two separate experiments examined the effects of mild and strenuous pre-meal exercise on postprandial lipemia among human male subjects. In each case, a high fat meal was consumed after a fasting blood sample was taken. Additional samples were drawn 3, 5, and 7 hr. following the meal on both a control and an experimental day. Optical density was employed as a measure of serum turbidity. Data were analyzed through analysis of variance. Strenuous pre-meal exercise appeared to hasten postprandial lipid clearance without affecting the magnitude of lipemia. Mild pre-meal exercise was seen to reduce the magnitude and duration of postprandial lipemia. These observations tend to negate the concept that exercise influences postprandial lipemia via digestive and/or absorptive mechanisms. It is hypothesized that gross differences in response to the high fat meal witnessed between the two experimental po...
Reconstruction of historical surface mass balance, 1984–2017 from GreenTrACS multi-offset ground-penetrating radar

We present continuous estimates of snow and firn density, layer depth and accumulation from a multi-channel, multi-offset, ground-penetrating radar traverse. Our method uses the electromagnetic velocity, estimated from waveform travel-times measured at common-midpoints between sources and receivers. Previously, common-midpoint radar experiments on ice sheets have been limited to point observations. We completed radar velocity analysis in the upper ~2 m to estimate the surface and average snow density of the Greenland Ice Sheet. We parameterized the Herron and Langway (1980) firn density and age model using the radar-derived snow density, radar-derived surface mass balance (2015–2017) and reanalysis-derived temperature data. We applied structure-oriented filtering to the radar image along constant age horizons and increased the depth at which horizons could be reliably interpreted. We reconstructed the historical instantaneous surface mass balance, which we averaged into annual and multidecadal products along a 78 km traverse for the period 1984–2017. We found good agreement between our physically constrained parameterization and a firn core collected from the dry snow accumulation zone, and gained insights into the spatial correlation of surface snow density.
Physiological pharmacokinetics

A discussion of the bases of physiological pharmacokinetics is followed by a brief review of the fundamental mass balance equations of the models. Some examples are outlined, together with a listing of published reviews which give many more references and detailed examples. Finally, some thoughts on future research directions are presented.
Evaluating the utility and quality of large administrative databases in pediatric spinal neurosurgery research.

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of articles utilizing large administrative databases to answer questions related to pediatric spinal neurosurgery by quantifying their adherence to standard reporting guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted with search terms including “pediatric” and “neurosurgery,” associated neurosurgical diagnoses, and the names of known databases. Study abstracts were reviewed to identify clinical studies involving pediatric populations, spine-related pathology or procedures, and large administrative databases. Included studies were graded using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. A total of 28 papers of the initial 1496 identified met inclusion criteria. These papers involved 10 databases and had a mean study period of 11.46 ± 12.27 years. The subjects of these research papers were undergoing treatment of scoliosis (n = 5), spinal cord injury (n = 5), spinal cord tumors (n = 9), and spine surgery in general (n = 9). The mean STROBE score was 19.41 ± 2.02 (out of 22). Large administrative databases are commonly used within pediatric spine-related neurosurgical research to cover a broad spectrum of research questions and study topics. The heterogeneity of research to this point encourages the continued use of large databases to better understand treatment and diagnostic trends, perioperative and long-term outcomes, and rare pathologies within pediatric spinal neurosurgery.
Urinary Allantoin Is Elevated in Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Preterm Newborn

Germinal matrix intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most common type of intracranial hemorrhage observed in preterm neonates. It is a precursor of poor neurocognitive development, cerebral palsy, and death. The pathophysiology is not well defined, but damage to the fragile germinal matrix vasculature may be due to free radicals generated during inflammation and as a consequence of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Assessment of the oxidative stress status in these infants is therefore important. Urinary allantoin concentration was measured in preterm neonates as a marker of oxidative stress associated with IVH. Urine was collected from 44 preterm neonates at four time points between 24 and 72 hours of life (HOL), and the allantoin content was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Records were retrospectively reviewed, and the incidence and severity of IVH was categorized as follows: no IVH (n = 24), mild (grade 1–2) IVH (n = 13), and severe (grade 3–4) IVH (n = 7). Neonates with severe IVH showed significantly elevated allantoin levels vs subjects with no IVH from 36 HOL (0.098 ± 0.013 μmol and 0.043 ± 0.007 μmol, respectively, p = 0.002). The allantoin concentration remained elevated even at 72 HOL (0.079 ± 0.014 μmol and 0.033 ± 0.008 μmol, respectively, p = 0.021). There were no significant differences in allantoin levels in the no IVH and mild IVH groups. IVH was diagnosed by head imaging on average at about 11th postnatal day. Urinary allantoin levels were significantly elevated during the first 3 days of life in the neonates subsequently diagnosed with severe IVH, suggesting that oxidative stress might be a crucial factor in IVH pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to assess the usefulness of urinary allantoin in early identification of preterm infants at risk for or with severe IVH and monitoring of the response to interventions designed to prevent or treat it.
A Right to Frozen Water? Th E Institutional Spaces for Supranational Climate Change Petitions

Global climate change is causing frozen water to melt, with significant consequences in localities around the world. As melting continues apace, legal systems at local, state, national, and supranational levels must grapple with the value of frozen water. This chapter begins with presenting three instances in which melting ice and snow raise significant legal and policy questions, and then discusses the complexities of place and space that infuse them. From this base, it explores the ability of supranational petitions to navigate these complexities, examining the value of existing categories and the need for structural and substantive reconcep-tualization. The melting of ice and snow has resulted in numerous localized impacts and efforts at solutions. The lens of geography helps to illuminate the legal and policy challenges faced in addressing melting ice and snow. Human contributions to global climate change originate in a multiplicity of localities, governed by multiscalar regulatory regimes. Keywords: multiscalar regulatory regimes.; petitions; reconcep-tualization; supranational climate
Influence of symmetrical polychlorinated biphenyl isomers on embryo and fetal development in mice. I. Teratogenicity of 3, 3', 4, 4', 5, 5',-hexachlorobiphenyl

Pregnant outbred albino (CD-1) mice were given 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) by gavage in cottonseed oil on Days 6–15 of gestation at dosages of 0.1, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg/day. The mice were killed on Day 18, the general and reproductive health of the dams evaluated, and the fetuses examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. HCB administration was followed by a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the average percent of malformed fetuses per litter at 2 (11.7%), 4(36.9%), 8 (65.5%), and 16 (60.6%) mg/kg/day versus the vehicle control group (0.9%). None of the dosages tested was lethal to any of the dams, and only at 8 mg/kg/day did a significant decrease in weight gain during pregnancy occur. A significant increase in fetal deaths occurred at 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg/day, and a significant decrease in average fetal weight and an increase in the percentage resorptions occurred at 8 and 16 mg/kg/day. Other signs of embryotoxicity (e.g., liver discoloration and small renal papillae) were seen at dosages as low as 1 mg/kg/day, a dose at which no significant increase in malformations occurred. Cleft palate (significantly increased at dosages of 2 mg/kg/day and above) and hydronephrosis (significantly increased at dosages of 4 mg/kg/day and above) were the predominant malformations detected. Thus, teratogenic effects were observed in a high percentage of the fetuses from dams treated at several dosages, at least two of which had no apparent adverse effect on the dams.
Empirical analysis of the influence of forest extent on annual and seasonal surface temperatures for the Continental United States

Aim Because of the low albedo of forests and other biophysical factors, most scenario-based climate modelling studies indicate that removal of temperate forest will promote cooling, indicating that temperate forests are a source of heat relative to other classes of land cover. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that US temperate forests reduce surface temperatures. Location The continental United States. Methods Ordinary least squares regression was used to develop relationships between forest extent and surface temperature. Forest extent was derived from the 900 m 2 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001) and surface temperature
Evolution and classification of acapulcoites and lodranites from a chemical point of view

We examined 15 bulk samples of the acapulcoite-lodranite clan for their major, minor, and trace element concentrations using INAA techniques. Among the analyzed meteorites are 2 new acapulcoites (Dhofar [Dho] 290, Thiel Mountains [TIL] 99002) as well as an additional acapulcoite that has been described previously only in very brief form (Graves Nunataks [GRA] 98028). The petrographic attributes of these 3 samples are addressed thoroughly. We also include petrographic information on 2 acapulcoites from Africa: Northwest Africa (NWA) 725 and NWA 1058. In general, our study strongly supports the widely accepted idea that acapulcoites and lodranites evolved through partial melting and melt migration of metal/sulfide phases and plagioclase. Furthermore, we concur with previous researchers that the original bimodal classification scheme for acapulcoites and lodranites proves to be too simple. Based on our data set, we introduce an alternative, extended scheme. With respect to their elemental distribution patterns, we distinguish 5 subtypes comprising primitive, typical, transitional, and enriched acapulcoites on one hand and lodranites on the other. The chemical distinction between the primitive, typical, and transitional acapulcoites is rather subtle and gradual. It stands in contrast to the clear modifications observed for the signatures of the enriched acapulcoites and the lodranites. The definition of subcategories basically reflects the concentrations of 2 key elements: K and Se. We note, however, that the assignment of subgroups may not be exclusively inferred from elemental abundances but should also consider additional petrographic information.
Metabolism of nucleic acids in potato stolon tips at the onset of tuberization induced by long nights and low temperature

Metabolism of nucleic acids was investigated in stolon tips from both tuberizing and non-tuberizing potato plants. It was found that: 1. The content of RNA was higher while the DNA content was lower in stolon tips of tuberizing plants as compared with non-tuberizing plants; 2.Ribonuclease activity was lower in tuberizing stolon tips; and 3. Ratios of the four major bases (adenylic, cytidylic, guanilic and uridylic acid) in 4 S RNA, ribosomal RNA and tenaciously bound RNA did not show significant differences between stolon tips from tuberizing and non-tuberizing plants.
A Novel Multicontext Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architecture (CGRA) For Accelerating Column-Oriented Databases

The storage model of column-oriented databases is similar in structure to densely packed matrices/vectors found in many high-performance computing applications. Hence, hardware-accelerated vectorized matrix operations using Reconfigurable Logic (RL) coprocessors may find parallels in hardware acceleration of databases. In this article, we explore this hypothesis by proposing a multicontext, coarse-grained Reconfigurable coprocessor Unit (RU) model that is used to accelerate some of the database operations in hardware for column-oriented databases. We then describe the implementation of hardware algorithms for the equi-join, nonequi-join, and inverse-lookup database operations. Finally, we evaluate these algorithms using a microbenchmark query. Our results indicate that the query execution on the proposed RU model is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the software-only query execution.
Multiple Development in one Dimension of Thin-Layer Chromatograms of Urinary Amino Acids

Abstract Multiple development in the same direction of thin-layer cellulose chromatograms with n-butanol-acetic acid-water (60:20:20) yielded resolution of 20 ninhydrin-positive spots. The resulting spots were quantitatively estimated by visual comparison with standards.
Methane: An equation of state with application to the ternary system H2O-CO2-CH4

Abstract The following hardsphere modified Redlich-Kwong (HSMRK) equation of state was obtained by least squares fitting to available P-V-T data for methane (P in bars; T in Kelvins; v in cm3 mol−1; b = 60.00 cm3 mol−1; R = 83.14 cm3barmol−1K−1): P RT(1 + y + y 2 −y 3 v(1−y) 3 ) - c(T) + d(T) v + e(T) v 2 /v(v + b)T 1 2 y = b 4v c(T) = 13.403 × 106 + (9.28 × 104)T + 2.7 T2d(T) = 5.216 × 109 − (6.8 × 106)T + (3.28 × 103)T2e(T) = (−2.3322 × 1011) + (6.738 × 108)T + (3.179 × 105)T2 For the P-T range of experimental data used in the fit (50 to 8600 bars and from 320 to 670 K), calculated volumes and fugacity coefficients for CH4 relative to experimentally determined volumes and fugacity coefficients have average percent deviations of 0.279 and 1.373, respectively. The HSMRK equation, which predicts linear isochores over a wide P-T range, should yield reasonable estimates of fugacity coefficients for CH4 to pressures and temperatures well outside the P-T range of available P-V-T data. Calculations for the system H2O-CO2-CH4, using the HSMRK equations for H2O and CO2 of Kerrick and Jacobs (1981) and the HSMRK equation for CH4 of this study, indicate that compared to the binary H2O-CO2 system, small amounts of CH4 in the ternary system H2O-CO2-CH4 slightly increases the activity of H2O, and significantly decreases the activity of CO2.
Toward Application-Aware Security and Reliability

Two trends - the increasing complexity of computer systems and their deployment in mission- and life-critical applications - are driving the need to provide applications with security and reliability support. Compounding the situation, the Internet's ubiquity has made systems much more vulnerable to malicious attacks that can have far-reaching implications on our daily lives. Clearly, the traditional one-size-fits-all approach to security and reliability is no longer sufficient or acceptable from the user perspective. In this article, we introduce the concept of application-aware checking as an alternative. By extracting application via recent breakthroughs in compiler analysis and enforcing the characteristics at runtime with the hardware modules embedded in the reliability and security engine (RSE), it's possible to achieve security and reliability with low overheads and false-positive rates
Radius of curvature effect of V-MCM-41 probed by methanol oxidation

Abstract A series of V-MCM-41 samples was prepared with very long-range ordered structure, different pore sizes, and constant composition by applying a recently developed quantitative model [Y.H. Yang, S.Y. Lim, C. Wang, D. Harding, G.L. Haller, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 67 (2–3) (2004) 245–257]. Oxygen titration of catalysts pre-reduced with methanol vapor at the reaction temperature showed a constant active site density regardless of the pore diameter at lower temperature. A pore wall radius of curvature effect on the catalytic reaction existed when the methanol oxidation was used as a probe reaction over a 100-K temperature range (573–673 K). The effect was represented by a “volcano curve” in which the turnover frequency increases with increasing pore diameter to a maximum and then decreases. The effect of pore size on active site density at temperatures above the reaction temperature was observed, a result associated with the pore size effect on stability of Si O V units in the pore wall. Based on previous research, there were no surface vanadium compounds in our catalysts, a fact confirmed by Raman spectroscopy for both fresh and used catalysts. Several different characterization techniques, including nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, were used to demonstrate that the structural stability of catalysts determines the activity and how vanadium incorporation into the framework controls the selectivity of reactions. Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction experiments over the same series of V-MCM-41 catalysts demonstrated that reduction stability was influenced by the radius of curvature, and that there was a strong correlation between the reducibility and selectivity of formaldehyde and dimethyl ether.
Crude oil degradation as an explanation of the depth rule

Abstract Previous studies of crude oil degradation by water washing and bacterial attack have documented the operation of these processes in many different petroleum basins of the world. Crude oil degradation substantially alters the chemical and physical makeup of a crude oil, changing a light paraffinic low-S “mature” crude to a heavy naphthenic or asphalt base, “immature appearing” high-S crude. Rough calculations carried out in the present study using experimentally determined solubility data of petroleum in water give insight into the possible magnitude of water washing and suggest that the process may be able to remove large amounts of petroleum in small divisions of geologic time. Plots of crude oil gravity vs. depth fail to show the expected correlation of increasing API gravity (decreasing specific gravity) with depth below 2.44 km (8000 ft.). Previous studies which have been carried out to document in-reservoir maturation have used crude oil gravity data shallower than 2.44 km (8000 ft.). The changes in crude oil composition as a function of depth which have been attributed to in-reservoir maturation over these shallower depths, are better explained by crude oil degradation. This study concludes that changes in crude oil composition that result from in-reservoir maturation are not evident from existing crude oil gravity data over the depth and temperature range previously supposed, and that the significant changes in crude oil gravity which are present over the shallow depth range are due to crude oil degradation. Thus the existence of significant quantities of petroleum should not necessarily be ruled out below an arbitrarily determined depth or temperature limit when the primary evidence for this is the change in crude oil gravity at shallow depths.
Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws, Bone Markers, and a Hypothesized Candidate Gene

Purpose To determine whether any abnormality in serum bone markers is related to bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. Materials and Methods We obtained serum bone markers and other relevant endocrine assays on 7 patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). The assays were C-telopeptide, N-telopeptide, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, intact parathyroid hormone, T3, T4, TSH, and vitamin D 25 hydroxy. Diagnostic criteria for ONJ were those formulated by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Results Five of our patients were women. Two had metastatic breast cancer and had been treated with zoledronic acid; 1 had also received pamidronate. Three others had osteoporosis and had been treated with daily alendronate. One man had metastatic prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid. Another man had Gaucher's disease treated with zoledronic acid. All patients had been withdrawn from bisphosphonate for at least 6 months. None was taking or had taken corticosteroids. None of the lesions had shown any significant healing and all were still causing the patients considerable distress, yet the bone markers were within the normal range as measured in our laboratory, except for intact parathyroid hormone, which was slightly elevated in 1 case of metastatic breast cancer (177 pg/mL). Conclusions We hypothesize that matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is a candidate gene for bisphosphonate-induced ONJ for 3 reasons: 1) MMP2 is associated with bone abnormalities which could be related to ONJ. 2) Bisphosphonates are associated with atrial fibrillation, and MMP2 is the only gene known to be associated with both bone abnormalities and atrial fibrillation. 3) A network of disorders and disease genes linked by known disorder-gene associations indicates that cardiovascular disease and bone disease are closely related, suggesting that a single drug such as bisphosphonate, acting on a single gene, MMP2, could have both bone and cardiovascular side effects different from the osteoclast inhibition that is characteristic of bisphosphonate.
Statistics of Single-Molecular Kinetic Transitions with Application to A-N Switching of a Pre-Unfolding GFP

The GFP chromophore can adopt four distinct chemical substates: anionic A (deprotonated), neutral N (protonated), intermediate I (chemically similar to A), and zwitterionic Z (nonfluorescent). Two-photon fluorescence images of single GFPs revealed remarkable oscillations between A and N states immediately before unfolding. We construct a simplified model which can help us theoretically interpret and explain this behaviour based on statistics of kinetic transitions described by Master Equations, and test it in stochastic simulations.
Disinflation, Structural Change, and Distribution:

There exists a deflationary bias in the contemporary international economy, and this has significant domestic distributional consequences for all states in the system. After investigating its sources, I consider the consequences of and possible solutions to this bias. I review the modern debate over inflation and macroeconomic policy and argue that some small but positive rate of inflation is necessary to achieve optimal economic growth. This is demonstrated to be consistent with most otherwise competing schools of economic thought, such as Keynesianism and monetarism. However, public dissatisfaction with the inflation of the 1970s, coupled with the rise of conservative governments (and new economic theories), allowed highly disinflationary structural and institutional changes to take place without sufficient attention to political consequences. Those changes privilege sectors in society willing to sacrifice some economic growth to assure very low levels of inflation. International financial deregulation ...
Structural coherence, Fermi surfaces, and electron-lattice coupling in high Tc superconductors

Abstract The theoretical basis of the Eliashberg formalism of conventional superconductors is reviewed to survey it applicability (or lack of) to high T c compounds. Implications for the theoretical framework of several recent experimental results related to electronic and structural coherence are discussed. The emphasis is on adopting a consistent interpretation of experimental data and identifying important questions that should be addressed in the near future. A synopsis of calculations of electron-phonon coupling strength is provided.
Synthesis and characterization of gold-based mesoscopic additives for polymers

A method for the controlled synthesis of alkanethiol-derivatized gold clusters to be used as fillers for polymeric nanocomposites has been developed. Gold clusters embedded in poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were obtained by reduction of AuCl4− with ethylene glycol in the presence of PVP as a stabilizer. The gold/PVP system was separated from the reactive mixture by flocculation with acetone, and this material was treated with a dodecanethiol/ethanol solution to produce thiol-derivatized gold clusters. Then, the clusters were dispersed in polystyrene/chloroform solutions and highly transparent purple-colored nanocomposite films were obtained by solution casting. This preparative scheme allows one to obtain high-purity nanocomposites, with complete control over the filler percentage and size. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical equilibrium laminar or turbulent three-dimensional viscous shock-layer flows

A computational method has been developed to predict three-dimensional hypersonic laminar or turbulent shock-layer flows for perfect gas or equilibrium air. A two-layer eddy-viscosity model is used for the turbulent regime. The thermodynamic and transport properties for air are obtained by interpolation within a twodimensional table or from curve-fit data. Comparisons are made for air in chemical equilibrium and perfect gas for laminar and turbulent flow over a 7-deg half-angle spherically blunted cone at various flight altitudes with a cold, moderately cool, and an adiabatic wall for angles of attack up to 20 deg. Surface pressure and wall heattransfer distributions, force and moment coefficients, and execution times are compared for some sample cases. This method can be used to predict viscous flowfields in chemical equilibrium over axisymmetric re-entry vehicles at angles of attack up to 25 deg.
Assessment of pressure field calculations from particle image velocimetry measurements

This paper explores the challenges associated with the determination of in-field pressure from DPIV (digital particle image velocimetry)-measured planar velocity fields for time-dependent incompressible flows. Several methods that have been previously explored in the literature are compared, including direct integration of the pressure gradients and solution of different forms of the pressure Poisson equations. Their dependence on grid resolution, sampling rate, velocity measurement error levels and off-axis recording was quantified using artificial data of two ideal sample flow fields—a decaying vortex flow and pulsatile flow between two parallel plates, and real DPIV and pressure data from oscillating flow through a diffuser. The need for special attention to mitigate the velocity error propagation in the pressure estimation is also addressed using a physics-preserving approach based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The results demonstrate that there is no unique or optimum method for estimating the pressure field and the resulting error will depend highly on the type of the flow. However, the virtual boundary, omni-directional pressure integration scheme first proposed by Liu and Katz (2006 Exp. Fluids 41 227–40) performed consistently well in both synthetic and experimental flows. Estimated errors can vary from less than 1% to over 100% with respect to the expected value, though in contrast to more traditional smoothing algorithms, the newly proposed POD-based filtering approach can reduce errors for a given set of conditions by an order of magnitude or more. This analysis offers valuable insight that allows optimizing the choice of methods and parameters based on the flow under consideration.
Masochism and the perverse pleasures of the cinema

(1984). Masochism and the perverse pleasures of the cinema. Quarterly Review of Film Studies: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 267-282.
Evolution of the intergalactic medium - What happened during the epoch z = 3-10?

An attempt is made to model consistently the thermal and dynamic history of the intergalactic medium (IGM) from the era of reheating (z = 10-5) to the present, and to provide a unified explanation for the origin of ordinary galaxies, blue compact objects, and Lyman-alpha clouds. The evolution of the intergalactic gas is analyzed, treating the IGM as perfectly homogeneous at every epoch and taking into account radiative and Compton cooling, adiabatic cooling, shock heating, and heating produced by the diffuse UV flux. It is suggested that the IGM must have been heated to higher than a 10 to the 6th K by shock heasting caused either by explosions of pregalactic objects or expanding voids. The formation of intergalactic clouds by fragmentation of the resulting shells and the subsequent collapse of the shells to form galaxies are studied. An attempt is made to determine model parameters on the basis of an analysis of Lyman-alpha absorption lines.
Channel on demand: Optimal capacity for cooperative multi-channel multi-interface wireless mesh networks

Cooperative communication (CC) has been proposed recently as an effective way to mitigate channel impairments. It has been shown that cooperative communications have the potential to significantly increase the capacity of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). However, most of the works focus on single channel based WMNs. In this paper, we will demonstrate how the cooperative communication benefits multi-channel multiinterface WMNs. The two strategies, amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF), have been widely used in cooperative communication to enhance the network capacity. We propose a novel mathematical model called channel-on-demand (COD), which combines the two strategies, together with direct transmission (DT). COD investigates the maximum capacity to accumulate the network resources, and provides the optimal interface assignment for real-time flows in cooperative multichannel multi-interface wireless mesh networks (CM2WMNs). COD analyzes maximum capacity for each node with both unidirectional flows and bidirectional flows. Based on the analytical results of COD, we provide four rules to apply analytical results. We also evaluate the proposed algorithm and compare it with simulation results using NS-2. Through simulation results, we show the significant rate gains achieved in CM2WMNs.
THE ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS

The topic here is whether broad public interests in consumer rights, a clean environment, and political reform have the organizational strength to be represented effectively when policy-making is the responsibility of bureaus and administrative agencies. The most persuasive explanation of why such interests could not be effective on a sustained basis is the collective action theory of Mancur Olson. The paper supports research arguing for modifications of Olson's theory by showing how public interests have been at least partially successful in maintaining effectiveness over time based on four concepts: the similarity of public interest groups to social movements, the use of purposive and solidary incentives, the use of material incentives to support lobbying as a by-product of other activities, and the role of organizational entrepreneurs supported by new technology, notably the computerized mailing list.
Effects of colored pump noise on intensity correlations of a single-mode dye laser.

Recent theoretical analyses of the single-mode laser with colored-noise pump fluctuations have allowed the detailed prediction of the short-time behavior of the intensity autocorrelations of such a laser. In particular, a rounding off of the intensity correlation function on the time scale of the correlation time of the pump fluctuations has been predicted. We present results from experiments performed on a single-mode dye-laser system that clearly confirm these predictions. Numerical simulations of the laser Langevin equations including the colored-noise pump fluctuations are used to fit the experimental results.
Quantitative assessment of psychomotor recovery after sedation and analgesia for outpatient EGD

Abstract Background: Sedation and analgesia are routinely used to improve patient tolerance for GI endoscopy. Currently, assessment of postprocedure recovery uses cardiovascular and respiratory parameters but not psychomotor function. The two aims of this study were to determine degree of psychomotor recovery after conscious sedation for endoscopy when patients meet established discharge criteria, and to identify a sensitive method of testing psychomotor recovery, and thereby provide meaningful predictions regarding the ability of patients to return to daily activities. Methods: Outpatients undergoing elective EGD were recruited. Four psychometric tests were used to establish baseline psychomotor function before sedation and analgesia: Critical Tracking, Manual Dexterity, Multiple-Choice Reaction Time, and Letter Cancellation. Meperidine and midazolam were administered intravenously per standard nomogram. The tests were repeated immediately after the procedure and at 15-minute intervals until patients were deemed ready for discharge by recovery room personnel. Discharge criteria included an Aldrete discharge score of 10 and the ability to ambulate unhindered and carry on a simple conversation. Recovery personnel were blinded to psychometric test results. Psychomotor scores at discharge were compared with baseline scores to determine percent recovery. Results: Thirty-one patients (12 men, 19 women; mean age 43 years, range 18-72 years) were enrolled. When Aldrete discharge criteria were met, the average psychomotor recovery was only 60% to 70% compared with baseline. At the time of discharge, average psychomotor recovery was 86.5% of baseline. Letter Cancellation and Multiple-Choice Reaction Time had the highest sensitivity in detecting depression of psychomotor function versus baseline, with mean recovery of, respectively, 64% and 63% ( p Conclusions: Psychomotor function remains significantly impaired when patients reach an Aldrete discharge score of 10. The Letter Cancellation test was most sensitive in detecting psychomotor impairment and recovery. Incorporating psychometric tests with current discharge criteria may identify patients who are better able to resume normal daily activities without supervision. (Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:810-6.)
Maxwell, Measurement, and the Modes of Electromagnetic Theory

In 1861–62, James Clerk Maxwell published “On Physical Lines of Force,” in which he laid out a detailed mechanical model of the ether and argued that it could account not only for electromagnetic phenomena but for light as well. In 1864, he followed with “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field,” in which he derived the electromagnetic equations from general dynamical considerations without invoking any mechanical model of the ether. Why the shift? Did Maxwell regard his mechanical model as mere scaffolding, to be cast aside once it had led him to the proper field equations? Or did he remain committed to the goal of a purely mechanical explanation, but find it useful to free his main results, particularly his electromagnetic theory of light, from dependence on the specifics of an admittedly speculative model? To understand the apparent shift Maxwell’s thinking underwent between 1862 and 1864, I propose that we look closely at what he was doing in 1863. He spent that year working hard for the British Association Committee on Electrical Standards, collaborating with telegraph engineers to establish the value of the ohm and laying the groundwork for measuring the ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic units, a key quantity in his electromagnetic theory of light. This experience led Maxwell to adopt for a time an engineering approach that focused on establishing relationships between measureable quantities rather than devising hypothetical mechanisms. Maxwell’s electromagnetic work thus had closer ties to the technological context of the day than has generally been recognized.
Field pea growth and nutrient uptake: response to tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer applications

Abstract A two-year [1999, 2001] study of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in rotation with small grain was conducted on a Fargo clay soil [fine, smetitic, frigid, Typic Epiaquert] to determine the influence of tillage system [fall PLOW, fall CHISEL PLOW, fall DISK, and NOTILL] and spring applied nitrogen fertilizer rates [0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha−1] on dry matter production at three growth stages, and nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium [NPK] concentration and uptake. Plants were sampled at first flower [code 203] after 870 GDD and maximum dry matter production [code 208] after 1364 GDD. Seed was harvested for yield [code 303] after 1692 GDD. Dry matter production at flower stage 203 averaged 2400 kg ha−1 the first year and 1960 kg ha−1 the second year with the PLOW system producing the lowest dry matter in both years. Applications of nitrogen fertilizer at the high rate increased dry matter from 500 to 700 kg ha−1. Dry matter at stage 208 in 2001 ranged from 4260 kg ha−1 without fertilizer nitrogen applied, to 63...
Argentine Workers: Peronism and Contemporary Class Consciousness

This study offers a revisionist interpretation of the Marxist concept of class consciousness. Ranis provides an analysis of the complex combination of values and attitudes exhibited by workers in a heavily unionized, industrially developing country.
Successful Gamma Knife-based stereotactic radiosurgery treatment for medically intractable heterotopia-based seizure disorder.

Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Mailstop LTR 6068, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA