cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organizational Communication and Cultural Studies: A Review Essay

Recently, we have been struggling to interpret a series of minor yet absurd spectacles that span the industrial and popular-cultural realms. These events have compelled our scholarly interest, but lack a ready-made frame for diagnosing their significance. Consider these examples: In the summer of 1996, vivacious 'TV talk-show cohost Kathie Lee Gifford was criticized by activists who linked her line of Wal-Mart clothing to human-rights abuses and wage violations among factory workers in Honduras and New York City. Tearful and contrite, Gifford quickly adopted a policy of independent monitoring and assigned her husband, celebrity sports-announcer Frank Gifford, to deliver envelopes of compensation for the affected workers. Relatedly, in the fall of 1997, Dilbert cartoonist Scott Adams—famed for his satire of corporate foibles—disguised himself as a management consultant. With the help of a company official, he conducted an executive retreat in a computer firm that produced a tortured "revision" of its mission statement. Additional examples appear in the flickerings of our TV screens: the lithe, androgynous figures of Intel's technicians, clad in hooded, colorful "clean room" suits, energetically installing computer chips to a soundtrack of 1970s funk; and quasi-documentary images of rolling golf carts, filled with visitors to the Saturn car plant in Spring Hill, Tennessee, watching assembly workers at their tasks—and being watched in return.
Modeling experiments of a single red blood cell moving in a capillary blood vessel

Abstract In the past, macroscopic models of microcirculation have used either gas or liquid droplets or rigid particles to simulate red cells. These models cannot simulate the boundary conditions correctly at the cell wall. In the present paper we used flexible, thin-walled rubber models which were liquid-filled and geometrically similar to the human red blood cells. These cells were made to flow in a silicone fluid into circular cylindrical tubes with diameters comparable to that of the cell model. The Reynolds number based on the mean flow velocity and tube diameter was in the range of 4 × 10 −4 −4 × 10 −2 similar to the range encountered in microcirculation. Measurements were made of the entry condition, the entry length, the deformation pattern of the cells, the cell velocity and the mean flow velocity, the local pressure difference on the tube wall across the red cell, and the loss of pressure head due to a single red cell. All these quantities are functions of the ratio of the cell diameter D c to the tube diameter D T . A dimensional analysis yields functional forms with which experimental data are organized. The entry length is less than a cell diameter in all cases. The cells are severely deformed if D c D T > 0.98 . For larger D c D T , large buckling occurs at the trailing end of the cell at higher velocities of flow; the buckled cell shape resembles the familiar pattern seen in vivo . The cell velocity V c is related to the mean flow velocity V M by the relation V c = k ( V M − α ); the value of k increases as D c D T decreases. The disturbance to the pressure field due to a red cell is rather localized. Data on the resistance (pressure drop) to cell motion when D c D T = 1.36, 1.13, and 0.98 are presented as a function of the cell velocity.
Full spectrum ultrahigh efficiency photovoltaics

Future photovoltaic systems can be greatly benefited by modules that exhibit simultaneously ultrahigh efficiency (> 50%) and low-cost ( 6) subcells are possible, including designs based on holographic spectrum splitting, specular reflection in dielectric polyhedra and light trapping textured filtered dielectric slabs that perform as nonimaging concentrators.
Chemical reaction of polychlorinated biphenyls on soils with poly(ethylene glycol)/KOH

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) with higher chlorination levels have been found to be highly reactive toward poly(ethylene glycol)/KOH under ambient conditions. Artificially contaminated and real world samples of PCB on soils have been reacted with PEG/KOH, affording aryl polyglycols as products. Complete reaction of Aroclor 1260 occurs in less than two weeks in open jars under ambient conditions.
THEORY OF DISCRETE EVENT SPECIFIED MODELS: MODULARITY, HIERARCHY, EXPERIMENTAL FRAMES

Representation mechanisms for discrete event simulation models are intended to facilitate the important conceptualization and communication components of model building science. Moreover, effective design of future computer-based decision support systems will rely upon well founded principles of model management. Modular and hierarchical concepts facilitate model building. This article extends the theory of discrete event system specification to provide a rigorous basis for modular and hierarchical simulation model construction. Practical applications of the theory are discussed and include programming constructs for modular and hierarchical simulation, inter-translation between modular and non-modular model description, and implementation of modular separation between model and experimental frame components of simulation programs.
Special Certification in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Yesterday and Tomorrow

The Zeiter Lecture is given annually to honor Walter J. Zeiter, MD, the first executive director of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. In this lecture, I discuss the certification process for specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation. I look at the history of initial certification, discussing the origins of both the written and oral examinations. I trace the development of these examinations and comment on potential developments in the initial certification process. I discuss the development of maintenance of certification in organized medicine and physiatry and comment on its future direction in physiatry.
Active-Site Disruption in NativeLimulusHemocyanin and Its Subunits by Disulfide-Bond Reductants: A Chemical Probe for the Study of Structure–Function Relationships in the Hemocyanins

Abstract The crystal structure analysis of Subunit II of Limulus hemocyanin has shown that its polypeptide chain is folded into three distinct structural domains. The oxygen-binding, dinuclear copper center is located deep in the core of Domain 2. Two disulfide bonds are located in a bridging domain, Domain 3. These disulfide bonds are remote from the oxygen-binding site, but are positioned so that they could affect its stability. When the disulfide bonds are broken by dithiothreitol or other disulfide-bond reductants, the 340-nm absorption band, associated with oxygen binding, is lost. Disulfide-bond reductants also cause the loss of the oxygen-binding capacity of all seven of the other subunits of Limulus hemocyanin. Thus, disulfide bonding is a general feature of the Limulus hemocyanin subunits that is important to the maintenance of the physiologically effective geometry of the oxygen-binding site. The rate of loss of oxygen-binding capacity, however, is highly dependent on subunit type, aggregation state, and protein conformation. Evidence that protein conformation markedly affects the rate of disruption of the oxygen-binding site comes from the finding that the addition of dithiothreitol to fully oxygenated samples results in a slow initial loss of oxygen-binding capacity followed by an appreciably faster reaction rate. In contrast, in the deoxygenated conformation, the reaction rate is monophasic and never attains the faster rates observed for oxygenated samples. When the disulfide bonds are broken and oxygen-binding capacity is lost, there is subunit-specific variability in the extent of polypeptide-chain unfolding, subunit aggregation, and loss of active-site copper ions. When the disulfide-bond reductant is removed by dialysis so that disulfide bonds can re-form, there is also subunit-specific variability in the extent of restoration of oxygen-binding capacity. Complete restoration of structure and function as the disulfide bonds re-form occurs only for the 48-subunit native molecule, whose architecture is stabilized by bound Ca 2+ and extensive intersubunit contacts. We have found a similar loss of oxygen-binding capacity upon breaking disulfide bonds in a number of other arthropod and mollusc hemocyanins, suggesting that the active site of Limulus hemocyanin is not unique in its dependence upon intact disulfides. The results presented in this paper suggest that disulfide-bond reduction may provide a simple, but powerful, chemical tool with which to probe internal and environmental factors that govern physiologically important structure–function relationships in the hemocyanins.
Rate and structure in memory for auditory patterns

Musically knowledgeable listeners heard auditory patterns based on sets of six (Study 1) or eight tones (Study 2). In the first study, listeners ordered events from patterns generated by hierarchical rule trees and which possessed different pitch space and time structures: one type (nondistance nested) was more likely to produce auditory streaming than the other (distance nested). In the second study, different listeners reconstructed pitch intervals contained in one of eight patterns. Patterns differed according to (1) levels of pitch distance occur), (2) levels of pattern contour (two), and (3) rate (two). In both studies, fast patterns with many large pitch distances were more difficult to recollect. Listeners in the second study telided to “telescope” pitch distances. Most difficult were those rapid sequences with large patch intervals combined into a changing contour (nondistance nested); these patterns streamed. A third study replicated effects due to differences in pitch distances observed in Study 2. Results were interpreted in terms of a rhythmic theory of memory.
Formation of GaSb core-shell nanofibers by a thermally induced phase decomposition process

Dense networks of amorphous GaSb nanofibers were fabricated by ion irradiation of bulk GaSb, and following formation, they were thermally annealed at a low temperature. Contrary to expectations, annealing of the GaSb fibers at just 50% of their melting temperature resulted in complete chemical decomposition of the nanofibers into coreshell structures consisting of crystalline Sb cores surrounded by amorphous shells. In this study, we investigate the transition of the single-phase nanofibers to their core-shell configuration, and we analyze the unique, temperature-dependent phase decomposition process. Thermodynamic considerations are discussed, and a model is presented to explain the thermally induced decomposition of the GaSb semiconductor fibers into coreshell structures, based upon the singular interaction of several size-dependent material properties.
Amorphous alumina nanowire array efficiently delivers Ac-DEVD-CHO to inhibit apoptosis of dendritic cells

To create an effective well-ordered delivery platform still remains a challenge. Herein we fabricate vertically aligned alumina nanowire arrays via atomic layer deposition templated by carbon nanotubes. Using these arrays, a caspase-3/7 inhibitor was delivered into DC 2.4 cells and blocked apoptosis, as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
Semiquantitative GATA-3 immunoreactivity in breast, bladder, gynecologic tract, and other cytokeratin 7-positive carcinomas.

Objectives: To evaluate GATA-3 immunohistochemical expression semiquantitatively in breast, gynecologic, gastric, pancreatic-biliary tract, urothelial, and vulvar/cervical squamous cell carcinomas. Methods: GATA-3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 198 invasive breast carcinomas on tissue microarrays. Tissue microarrays of other tissues included 144 gynecologic tumors, 28 bladder carcinomas, 63 cholangiocarcinomas, 20 pancreatic carcinomas, and 62 gastric carcinomas. Full tissue sections of 10 invasive squamous cell carcinomas were also stained. GATA-3 expression was semiquantitatively scored using an H-score method. H-score greater than 10 was considered a positive result. Results: Of 186 breast carcinomas, 95% were positive (mean H-score of 217). GATA-3 expression was uncommon in 139 nonsquamous gynecologic tumors, with often weak reactivity (mean H-score <50) seen in 18% of endocervical, 7% of endometrial, and 10% of ovarian tumors. Six (60%) of 10 squamous cell carcinomas expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score of 102). Of 22 urothelial carcinomas, 95% expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score of 170). A few cholangiocarcinomas (3%), pancreatic adenocarcinomas (10%), and gastric carcinomas (2%) weakly expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score <50). Conclusions: Strong GATA-3 expression is a reliable marker of primary breast carcinoma in the appropriate clinical context. GATA-3 reactivity in around 70% of triple-negative breast carcinomas is also clinically useful. Significant reactivity in gynecologic squamous cell carcinomas suggests that GATA-3 alone cannot reliably distinguish these tumors from urothelial carcinoma.
Ultrastructure of the copulatory stylet and accessory spines in Haplopharynx quadristimu- lus (Turbellaria)

The copulatory organ of Haplopharynx quadristimulus Ax, 1971 (Carolina form, Rieger, 1977) consists of a proximal prostatic vesicle and a distal stylet apparatus comprising a central tubular stylet and four to five peripheral accessory spines. By electron microscopy it could be seen that the stylet and spines were in- tracellular specializations. The copulatory organ can be interpreted as a specialization of an epithelial canal extending from the testes to the body wall. In the complex stylet apparatus, the epithelium was differentiated into six cell types. The stylet, which was formed in a matrix syncytium next to the prostatic vesicle, extended into the lumen of the stylet canal. The interior of the stylet apparatus contained one group of cells that had thick ciliary rootlets and another that had rootlet-like ribbons.
Traveling waves on two- and three-dimensional periodic arrays of lossless magnetodielectric spheres

This paper describes an analytic investigation of traveling waves on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) infinite periodic arrays of lossless magnetodielectric spheres using a spherical-wave source scattering-matrix formulation. We limit our attention to traveling waves propagating in the direction of the array axis. It is assumed that only the lowest order multipole fields (electric and magnetic dipoles) are significant in analyzing scattering from the array elements. We focus on the kd-sd equation (diagram) that relates the traveling wave electrical separation distance sd of the array elements in the direction parallel to the array axis to the corresponding free-space electrical separation distance kd.
Modified Regula Falsi optimization method approach to digital maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic application

This paper proposes an optimization method for digital maximum power point tracking (DMPPT), based on a Modified Regula Falsi Method (MRFM). An overview of this method applied to photovoltaic (PV) applications is presented, and its advantages with respect to other optimization methods for MPP applications are commented. The analysis shows that, when compared to other commonly used DMPPT methods such as the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method and the Incremental Conductance (INC) method, this approach converges to the maximum power point (MPP) faster and more accurately at any given environmental condition. Simulation and experimental results that validate the proposed MPP tracking algorithm tracking the MPP in environmental conditions are included.
Compounded percutaneous testosterone gel: use and effects in hypogonadal men.

BACKGROUND Current methods of testosterone replacement therapy are limited to fixed-dosage patches and depot injections. Neither of these methods provides ideal therapy because of the inflexibility of dosing and other nuisance problems associated with the patches and nonphysiologic hormone levels when depot injections are used. Testosterone gels offer the potential for convenience and ease of administration, as well as flexible dosing regimens, by means of a simple topical application. METHODS Ten hypogonadal men were selected from the author9s general practice, ranging in age from 44 to 77 years. Four of these men had newly diagnosed and 6 had preexisting hypogonadism. Patients were withdrawn from their previous hormone therapy (where applicable), and baseline laboratory studies were obtained for total testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, complete blood counts, lipid panels, and chemistry panels. The patients then started taking increasing dosages of the testosterone gel until physiologic levels of testosterone were realized or until the study period (6 weeks) was concluded. There was no blinding, and each patient served as his own control. Testosterone and free testosterone levels were monitored weekly, and estradiol and dihydrotestosterone less frequently. At the conclusion of the study, all the baseline laboratory tests were repeated. A questionnaire evaluating the psychosexual well-being of the patients was administered before and after the treatment period. RESULTS The average total testosterone level rose from 136 ng/dL to 442.9 ng/dL (P CONCLUSION Topically applied testosterone gels are an effective and convenient means of hormone replacement in hypogonadal men.
A thresholding scheme for target detection for noise radar systems based on random matrix theory

Target detection is one of important roles of radar systems. In this paper, we present a threshold method for multiple target detection for of noise radar systems. In order to avoid ambiguous target detection, we find thresholds to guarantee the detection performance with the same receiving antenna elements for a given false alarm probability. The threshold is computed from the largest and smallest eigenvalue distributions based on random matrix theory. Simulations show that the proposed threshold provides exact target detection.
A High-Performance Subcircuit Recognition Method Based on the Nonlinear Graph Optimization

Subcircuit recognition (SR) is a problem of identifying instances of a small subcircuit in a larger circuit. Despite recent progress toward linear optimization-based SR algorithms, finding a large set of subcircuits in a multimillion transistor or gate-level netlist may still be too slow for many integrated-circuit computer-aided design applications. This paper describes a new high-performance method to identify subcircuits using a nonlinear graph optimization strategy. The method uses an advanced nonlinear technique to find a global minimum of the objective function associated with the SR problem. Unlike linear graph optimization, this method does not approximate the objective function by the first-order terms in its Taylor series expansion. In contrast, to increase the recognition rate, the second-order terms are exploited to form a set of nonlinear equations that describe the net and device match probabilities. Consequently, computing the match probabilities in the new approach is based on the nonlocal structure of connections between nets and devices. An iterative nonlinear version of the Kaczmarz method (KM) is used to solve the obtained set of nonlinear equations. The KM efficiency is improved by making an important modification in its updating scheme, which leads to fast and stable convergence of the recognition process. The experimental results show that the new method is on average three times faster than linear graph optimization algorithms such as the probabilistic match assignment algorithm
Treatment of atheroembolization with corticosteroids

Aortic atheroembolization is a feared complication of invasive procedures such as arteriography, often leading to devastating complications including renal insufficiency. To date, even in cases with evolving renal failure, there is no recommended treatment. This case report describes the successful treatment with corticosteroids of a patient with deteriorating renal function after renal arteriography and angioplasty, resulting in rapid and sustained improvement in renal function. The implications of this observation are discussed.
Grating monochromators for high power undulator sources

Abstract The high brightness of undulators opens up the possibility of performing exciting new experiments in the soft X-ray spectral range. Considerable effort has been devoted by several groups to the design of high resolution and high throughput beamlines which will allow these experiments to be performed. A serious consideration in the beamline design is the high radiative power emitted by the insertion device; part of this power will be absorbed by the optical elements and can degrade the resolution and throughput of the beamline. The performance of operating and planned grating monochromators at undulator beamlines and the solutions adopted for dealing with the heat load problem are discussed. The considerations in the design of the soft X-ray undulator beamline at DORIS III are described in detail.
System identification-guided basis selection for reduced-order nonlinear response analysis

Reduced-order nonlinear simulation is often times the only computationally efficient means of calculating the extended time response of large and complex structures under severe dynamic loading. This is because the structure may respond in a geometrically nonlinear manner, making the computational expense of direct numerical integration in physical degrees of freedom prohibitive. As for any type of modal reduction scheme, the quality of the reduced-order solution is dictated by the modal basis selection. The techniques for modal basis selection currently employed for nonlinear simulation are ad hoc and are strongly influenced by the analyst's subjective judgment. This work develops a reliable and rigorous procedure through which an efficient modal basis can be chosen. The method employs proper orthogonal decomposition to identify nonlinear system dynamics, and the modal assurance criterion to relate proper orthogonal modes to the normal modes that are eventually used as the basis functions. The method is successfully applied to the analysis of a planar beam and a shallow arch over a wide range of nonlinear dynamic response regimes. The error associated with the reduced-order simulation is quantified and related to the computational cost.
Transcriptional regulation of heme oxygenases by HIF-1α in renal medullary interstitial cells

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-mediated transcriptional activation contributes to increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO) genes ...
Playing Italian: Cross-cultural Dress and Investigative Journalism at the Fin de Siècle

Cross-cultural dressing, a previously overlooked aspect of late Victorian investigative journalism, provided female reporters with the means and authority to carry out their investigations and enabled them to manipulate class- and gender-based assumptions about who had broad access to the streets of London. Ethnic attire allowed women to shed their “respectable” identities and subvert the social pressures that restricted middle-class women’s mobility in the city. Yet by publishing their articles in periodicals that combined investigative reporting of social issues with illustrations in a forum that promised to be suitable for middleclass family audiences, women were able to maintain their respectability. Their investigations highlighted the complex ways women could be both spectators and spectacles in the nineteenth century.
Growth and characterization of TiO2 nanotubes from sputtered Ti film on Si substrate

In this paper, we present the synthesis of self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays formed by anodization of thin Ti film deposited on Si wafers by direct current (D.C.) sputtering. Organic electrolyte was used to demonstrate the growth of stable nanotubes at room temperature with voltages varying from 10 to 60 V (D.C.). The tubes were about 1.4 times longer than the thickness of the sputtered Ti film, showing little undesired dissolution of the metal in the electrolyte during anodization. By varying the thickness of the deposited Ti film, the length of the nanotubes could be controlled precisely irrespective of longer anodization time and/or anodization voltage. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, diffuse-reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the thin film nanotubes. The tubes exhibited good adhesion to the wafer and did not peel off after annealing in air at 350 °C to form anatase TiO2. With TiO2 nanotubes on planar/stable Si substrates, one can envision their integration with the current micro-fabrication technique large-scale fabrication of TiO2 nanotube-based devices.
Learning generalized plans using abstract counting

Given the complexity of planning, it is often beneficial to create plans that work for a wide class of problems. This facilitates reuse of existing plans for different instances drawn from the same problem or from an infinite family of similar problems. We define a class of such planning problems called generalized planning problems and present a novel approach for transforming classical plans into generalized plans. These algorithm-like plans include loops and work for problem instances having varying numbers of objects that must be manipulated to reach the goal. Our approach takes as input a classical plan for a certain problem instance. It outputs a generalized plan along with a classification of the problem instances where it is guaranteed to work. We illustrate the utility of our approach through results of a working implementation on various practical examples.
The Identification of the Bovine by Means of Nose-Prints

Summary More work must be done on some phases of the nose-print as a means of identification. The work done so far may be summarized as follows: 1. No two animals have identical pattern and therefore a nose-print will enable positive identification. 2. The taking of nose-prints is simple enough to be practical. 3. It is possible to identify prints as being of the same or different animal even if they are not perfect. 4. The pattern remains the same throughout life. 5. It is practical for the identification of cows on official test and may prove valuable in connection with the registration of all solid color cattle. 6. It affords a positive means of identification when claim for loss is made under livestock insurance policies.
The volatility of median and supermajoritarian pivots in the U.S. Congress and the effects of party polarization

Krehbiel’s (Pivotal politics, 1998) seminal work on pivotal politics in the US Congress emphasizes the importance of supermajoritarian rules and veto players in determining what bills can pass. We illustrate empirically that the volatility of the pivot points has increased markedly since the mid 1970s, and we link changes in pivot volatility to the degree of party polarization. In general, median and supermajority pivots shift considerably more than the overall mean and, when politics is polarized, the congressional median and supermajority pivots can change dramatically when a shift in control occurs. The relative volatility of median and supermajoritarian pivots varies with the degree of polarization and the extent to which there is continuity in party control. We develop a theoretical model to explain the nature of these relationships.
Land of sunshine : an environmental history of metropolitan Los Angeles

Most people equate Los Angeles with smog, sprawl, forty suburbs in search of a city - the great "what not to do" of twentieth-century city building. But there's much more to LA's story than this shallow stereotype. History shows that Los Angeles was intensely, ubiquitously planned. The consequences of that planning - the environmental history of urbanism - is one place to turn for the more complex lessons LA has to offer. Working forward from ancient times and ancient ecologies to the very recent past, "Land of Sunshine" is a fascinating exploration of the environmental history of greater Los Angeles. The essays, by nineteen leading geologists, ecologists, and historians consider the changing dynamics both of the city and of nature. In the nineteenth century, for example, "density" was considered an evil, and reformers struggled mightily to move the working poor out to areas where better sanitation and flowers and parks "made life seem worth the living." We now call that vision "sprawl," and we struggle just as much to bring middle-class people back into the core of American cities. There's nothing natural, or inevitable, about such turns of events. It's only by paying very close attention to the ways metropolitan nature has been constructed and construed that meaningful lessons can be drawn. The result is a rich portrait of Los Angeles that will serve planners, communities, and environmentalists as they look to the past for clues, if not blueprints, for enhancing the quality and viability of cities.
Induction of viral interference in mice by aerosols of inactivated influenza virus.

SummaryInactivated influenza viruses administered to mice intranasally or by aerosol induced transient heterologous immunity to infective influenza viruses. This immunity was reflected by reduction of pulmonary viral titers and by a reduced occurrence of gross lesions. This effect is considered to be an example of viral interference in that it required time to develop and persisted for at least 3 days; and because protective activity of inactivated viruses in mice could be correlated with interfering activity in the chick embryo. Interference modified but did not completely inhibit infection, and strain specific immunity of lessened degree developed to the challenge virus following the modified infection.
Development of a Fluorinated Class-I HDAC Radiotracer Reveals Key Chemical Determinants of Brain Penetrance

Despite major efforts, our knowledge about many brain diseases remains remarkably limited. Epigenetic dysregulation has been one of the few leads toward identifying the causes and potential treatments of psychiatric disease over the past decade. A new positron emission tomography radiotracer, [11C]Martinostat, has enabled the study of histone deacetylase in living human subjects. A unique property of [11C]Martinostat is its profound brain penetrance, a feature that is challenging to engineer intentionally. In order to understand determining factors for the high brain-uptake of Martinostat, a series of compounds was evaluated in rodents and nonhuman primates. The study revealed the major structural contributors to brain uptake, as well as a more clinically relevant fluorinated HDAC radiotracer with comparable behavior to Martinostat, yet longer half-life.
Visual Diagnosis: Girl With Sickle Cell Disease, Abdominal Pain, and Elevated Blood Pressure … A Missed Opportunity

1. Elizabeth Chuang, MD, MPH* 2. Celia Ng, RN† 3. Jacqueline Ehrlich, MD, MPH† 1. *At the time this article was written, Dr Chuang was a resident at the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. She is currently with Montefiore Medical Center Palliative Care Service, Bronx, NY. 2. †New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Environmental Disease Prevention, Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, New York, NY. A 47-month-old girl with sickle cell disease presents to the emergency department with decreased oral intake and abdominal pain for 3 days. She was diagnosed as having sickle cell disease at age 2 years and had 4 previous hospitalizations for sickle cell crisis. Current medications include oral folic acid, 5 mg/d, and penicillin weekly. Review of systems reveals a history of constipation. The patient and her family moved to the United States from Angola more than 2 years ago. She is in no distress. Her blood pressure is mildly elevated at 121/75 mm Hg, her heart rate is 99 beats per minute, her temperature is 96.8°F (36°C), and her respiratory rate is 24 breaths per minute. She has normal bowel sounds and a soft, nontender abdomen with no organomegaly. The rest of her physical examination findings are unremarkable. Laboratory testing reveals the following: hemoglobin, 8.7 g/dL (87 g/L); platelets, 186 × 103/μL (186 × 109/L); white blood cell (WBC) count, 21,000/μL (21 × 109/L), with 55% neutrophils, 24% lymphocytes, and 10% monocytes; serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 112 U/L (reference range, 5-40 U/L); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 77 U/L (reference range, 7-56 U/L); and alkaline phosphatase, 159 U/L (reference range, 30-120 U/L). An abdominal radiograph is interpreted as “normal” by the emergency department (Figure 1). The urinalysis result is positive for leukoesterase with 3 to 5 red blood cells per high-power field, 30 to 50 WBCs per high-power field, some WBC casts, and large bacteria. Figure 1. Abdominal flat plate read as normal. The patient is admitted for a presumed urinary tract infection and treated with ceftriaxone …
Ghostly Predicament: Narrative, Spectrality and Historicality in Rabindranath Tagore's ‘The Hungry Stones’

This essay explores the connection between spectrality and historicality in Rabindranath Tagore's short story ‘The Hungry Stones’. I bring this ghostly story in a dialogue with Tagore's prose essay ‘Historicality in Literature’ to argue that the function of the ‘spectrality effect’ deployed by Tagore is to exteriorize the discourse of realist historiography. My argument here is twofold: first, I argue that Tagore, through this ghostly story, questions realism's attempt at turning literature into a totalizing narrative. Aesthetically predicating his narrative on the limitations of recorded history, Tagore tries to reach at an understanding of ‘human history’ by invoking the spirit of a nameless woman who never found her place in ‘national history’. Second, I claim that the spectrality of this narrative is not limited to the content only. The casual beginning and the abrupt ending of the story not only reaffirm the ghostliness of the narrative, they also spectralize the literary form itself. By questioning ...
Instruments for Measuring the Efficacy of Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease

Drug treatments could be developed to diminish or prevent any of the many symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most recent efforts have been devoted to the development of treatments for the cognitive impairments associated with AD, including memory loss, dysphasia, dyspraxia and impairment of judgment. Drugs designed to treat these core cognitive manifestations of AD are called antidementia drugs. Only one drug, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA or Cognex®) has been approved as an antidementia agent in the U.S. following completion of several large clinical trials (Davis et al., 1992; Farlow et al., 1992; Knapp et al., 1994). A variety of available psychotropic agents are currently used to help manage other noncognitive manifestations of AD including depression, agitation, anxiety and psychosis. No drugs have been developed specifically to treat these noncognitive symptoms in AD patients.
Servey on personal protective equipment of health emergency of chemical poisoning in medical institutions in Jiangsu Province

Objective: To investigate and analysis the current situation of personal protective equipment(PPE) of health emergency of chemical poisoning in medical institutions in Jiangsu Province.Methods: 86 institutions from each class medical institutions were made questionnaire survey,the questionnaire included five areas for investigation,such as personal protective equipment configuration,use,training and exercises,maintenance and updating,and used respiratory protective devices.Results: There were inadequacies in the configuration,use,training and exercises,maintenance,updating and other aspects of personal protective equipment.Conclusion: The PPE status can not be up to the health emergency needs of chemical poisoning,need to be improved.
Blunt pancreatic trauma: prospective evaluation of early endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.

ABSTRACTMajor ductal injury is a determining factor in the outcome after pancreatic trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of early endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) in patients with blunt pancreatic trauma. We attempted ERP in nine patients. Indications were abnormal
Approaches for Improved Doppler Estimation in Lidar Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Dynamics

Laser radar (Lidar) has been used extensively for remote sensing of wind patterns, turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer and other important atmospheric transport phenomenon. As in most narrowband radar application, radial velocity of remote objects is encoded in the Doppler shift of the backscattered signal relative to the transmitted signal. In contrast to many applications, however, the backscattered signal in atmospheric Lidar sensing arises from a multitude of moving particles in a spatial cell under examination rather than from a few prominent “target” scattering features. This complicates the process of extracting a single Doppler value and corresponding radial velocity figure to associate with the cell. This paper summarizes the prevalent methods for Doppler estimation in atmospheric Lidar applications and proposes a computationally efficient scheme for improving Doppler estimation by exploiting the local structure of spectral density estimates near spectral peaks.
Cranial Neurolymphomatosis as a Primary Manifestation of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Neurolymphomatosis refers to rare instances of nerve invasion by neoplastic lymphocytes, and is not currently recognized as a clinical feature of ATLL. We report …
The True Infinite and the Idea of the Good: Internal Excess

If, as Hegel states in the Encyclopaedia, the true infinite is “the basic concept of philosophy,”1 then much turns on how this concept is to be understood. Its interpretation might strengthen the view of Hegelian philosophy as undermining and subsuming difference within an all-encompassing totality that reduces all things to a mere moment of the whole that grants them their identity. Hegelian philosophy in this view would represent the pinnacle of the absoluteness of reason, where being is being thought (logocentrism). It is a philosophy of identity (between being and thinking), sameness, and presence. What gets lost in this picture would be particularity, difference, otherness, alterity. There would be no place for an other to thinking that is not already absorbed by thought. A reaction to this logocentrism is the impulse behind the philosophy of many post-Hegelian thinkers, among them Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Adorno, Levinas, Deleuze, and Derrida.
COMBINATORIAL PROPERTIES OF PARTIALLY BALANCED DESIGNS AND ASSOCIATION SCHEMES

Publisher Summary This chapter presents combinatorial properties of partially balanced designs and association schemes. Partially balanced designs were first introduced in 1939 as an extension of the balanced incomplete block (BIB) and lattice designs. The definition of partially balanced incomplete block (PBIB) designs has been generalized, so as to include as special cases the cubic and other higher dimensional lattices. The concept of association schemes have been introduced, and basing the definition PBIB design on these schemes. The chapter discusses the group divisible (GD) association scheme and the triangular association scheme.
Why are you smiling? In a strategic context, people's affective responses reflect the meaning of android's facial expressions

Facial expressions play an important role in human emotional communication. Observers' reactions to facial expressions can be simple (e.g., smiling to a smile). However, they can also reflect the contextual meaning of an expression (e.g., smiling to an opponent's frown). Our current study provides evidence for contextual modulation of human responses to facial expressions of a hyper-realistic android. Such modulation occurred when human participants engaged in a strategic game with or against a facially expressive robot. These findings suggest a high level of sophistication in facial communication between humans and robots that can be utilized in future robot design to promote natural social rapport with their users.
Abstract B122: Molecular mechanism of V(D)J recombination from synaptic RAG1-RAG2 complex structures

A hallmark of vertebrate immunity is the diverse repertoire of antigen-receptor genes that results from combinatorial splicing of gene coding segments by V(D)J recombination. The dimeric (RAG1-RAG2)2 recombinase (RAG) recognizes specific recombination signal sequences (RSSs), each containing a heptamer, a spacer of 12 or 23 base pairs, and a nonamer (12-RSS or 23-RSS). RAG only combines one 12-RSS and one 23-RSS, a dogma known as the 12/23 rule that governs the fidelity of V(D)J recombination. RAG introduces precise breaks at RSS-coding segment junctions to generate cleaved RSSs and hairpin coding segments. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of multiple RAG complexes reconstituted with 12-RSS and 23-RSS intermediates and HMGB1 at up to 3.4 angstrom resolution. These structures reveal a closed conformation of RAG upon RSS synapsis, with base flipping and base-specific recognition of RSSs. Distortion at the RSS-coding segment junction and base flipping in the coding segment uncovers the geometry for a two-metal-ion catalytic mechanism. Both 12-RSS and 23-RSS are exceedingly bent by the bound HMGB1. The nonamer-binding domain dimer of RAG1 is flexibly attached to the active site dimer of RAG and is tilted towards the bent 12-RSS but away from the bent 23-RSS in the synaptic complexes, which provides an induced fit mechanism for the 12/23 rule. Collectively, our structures illustrate the elegant mechanisms of RAG-catalyzed V(D)J recombination at the molecular level. Citation Format: Heng Ru, Melissa G. Chambers, Tian-Min Fu, Alexander B. Tong, Maofu Liao, Hao Wu. Molecular mechanism of V(D)J recombination from synaptic RAG1-RAG2 complex structures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B122.
Creative heuristics: A trickle-down pedagogy

This paper discusses an invention-based, trickle-down pedagogy using a concept known as creative heuristics as the principal driver for innovation in learning in technical communication education. It adopts a "train-the-trainer" approach to graduate education that promises to deliver new and exciting learning outcomes both on the graduate and undergraduate levels where it is ultimately applied. This learning style incorporates a fail fast pedagogy designed to encourage exploration and invention through creative processes. Critical thinking meets creative thinking to produce real, smart innovation for learners in the new digital economy.
OH* imager response to turbulence-induced temperature fluctuations

The layer of the excited state hydroxyl radical (OH*) is formed in the mesopause region by the reaction of ozone (O3) and atomic hydrogen (H). We derive the theoretical expressions for the OH* brightness and rotational temperature (T*) responses to high-frequency atmospheric temperature perturbations. The theory is used to calculate the 1-D and 2-D horizontal wave number spectra of the OH* and T* image fluctuations induced by atmospheric turbulence. By applying the theory to images of a breaking gravity wave packet, acquired by the Utah State University Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper, we show that existing infrared OH* imager technology can observe the evolution of gravity wave breakdown and characterize the resulting turbulent eddies in the source region and in the inertial subrange of the turbulence spectrum. For the example presented here, the RMS OH* brightness fluctuations induced by the gravity wave packet was 2.90% and by the associated turbulence was 1.07%. Unfortunately, the T* fluctuations induced by turbulence are usually too small to be observed in the OH* rotational temperature maps.
The deep chlorophyll layer in Lake Ontario: Extent, mechanisms of formation, and abiotic predictors

Abstract Epilimnetic production has declined in Lake Ontario, but increased production in metalimnetic deep chlorophyll layers (DCLs) may compensate for these losses. We investigated the spatial and temporal extent of DCLs, the mechanisms driving DCL formation, and the use of physical variables for predicting the depth and concentration of the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) during April–September 2013. A DCL with DCM concentrations 2 to 3 times greater than those in the epilimnion was present when the euphotic depth extended below the epilimnion, which occurred primarily from late June through mid-August. In situ growth was important for DCL formation in June and July, but settling and photoadaptation likely also contributed to the later-season DCL. Supporting evidence includes: phytoplankton biovolume was 2.4 × greater in the DCL than in the epilimnion during July, the DCL phytoplankton community of July was different from that of May and the July epilimnion (p = 0.004), and there were concurrences of DCM with maxima in fine particle concentration and dissolved oxygen saturation. Higher nutrient levels in the metalimnion may also be a necessary condition for DCL formation because July metalimnetic concentrations were 1.5 × (nitrate) and 3.5 × (silica) greater than in the epilimnion. Thermal structure variables including epilimnion depth, thermocline depth, and thermocline steepness were useful for predicting DCM depth; the inclusion of euphotic depth only marginally improved these predictions. However, euphotic depth was critical for predicting DCM concentrations. The DCL is a productive and predictable feature of the Lake Ontario ecosystem during the stratified period.
Imaginative Reinforcement Learning: Computational Principles and Neural Mechanisms

Imagination enables us not only to transcend reality but also to learn about it. In the context of reinforcement learning, an agent can rationally update its value estimates by simulating an intern...
Effect of gabapentin on sleep and delta and theta EEG power in adult rats exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and protracted withdrawal during adolescence.

Adolescents and young adults with alcohol problems may also have sleep difficulties. However, whether these sleep problems are a result of a history of drinking or arise due to other comorbid disorders is difficult to disentangle in human studies. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying adolescent alcohol-induced sleep disturbances and potential targets for therapy also remain under-investigated. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the anticonvulsant and analgesic drug gabapentin may have therapeutic value in normalizing sleep quality in adult recovering alcoholics, yet its potential for the treatment of adolescent sleep disturbances has not been investigated. This study sought to evaluate the effects of a history of 5 weeks of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure, administered during adolescence (AIE), on EEG sleep, in young adult rats (n = 29). The ability of two doses of gabapentin (30, 120 mg/kg) to modify sleep and slow wave activity were also investigated in these young adult rats exposed to alcohol vapor during adolescence. Adolescent vapor exposure in the rat was found to result in deficits in delta (1–4 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) power during slow wave sleep. Administration of gabapentin caused a “normalization” of the delta power deficits but did not affect theta power. This report suggests that the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets for sleep disturbance associated with adolescent alcohol exposure can be studied in preclinical models and that gabapentin may show partial efficacy in ameliorating these sleep deficits.