cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of pulmonary hypertension on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis after lung transplantation: an analysis of the United Network of Organ Sharing registry.

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a comorbidity associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). There is limited research regarding the effect on survival after lung transplantation (LTx). Methods To assess the effect of PH on survival in patients with IPF who received LTx, the United Network for Organ Sharing was queried for eligible patients with recorded mean (PA mean ) and systolic (PA systolic ) pulmonary artery pressure. The analysis was restricted to the post-lung allocation scoring system starting May 1, 2005, to provide a cohort receiving present-day therapies and management. The last update of the data set was July 6, 2012, so a cutoff date of July 6, 2011, was chosen to allow for the possibility of at least 1 year of follow-up. Thresholds of ≥25 and ≥35 mm Hg were chosen for PA mean and PA systolic , respectively, as indicators of PH. Results Of 23,951 LTxs in the UNOS data set, 2,542 met inclusion criteria, 1,234 (49%) with PA mean ≥ 25 mm Hg and 1,680 (66%) with PA systolic ≥ 35 mm Hg. PA mean and PA systolic were highly correlated, with an estimated correlation coefficient ρ = 0.93 ( p mean ≥ 25 mm Hg or PA systolic ≥ 35 mm Hg) tended to have higher ischemic times, lung allocation score values, forced vital capacity percentage predicted at LTx, and supplemental oxygen requirement at rest values. In addition, a larger proportion of patients with PH was African American, male, had diabetes, and received bilateral LTx compared with single LTx. Comparing PA mean systolic p = 0.876) and 57.6 (95% CI, 50.9–68.0) vs 64.3 (95% CI, 57.5–71.3; log-rank p = 0. 247), respectively. Hazard ratios for both definitions of PH from univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were close to 1 and none were statistically significant. Conclusions On the basis of our models and despite PH being prevalent, there is no strong evidence suggesting that PH significantly alters the risk of death in IPF patients after LTx.
Performance of a 41X41-cm2 amorphous silicon flat panel x-ray detector for radiographic imaging applications.

We report the performance of a 41×41- cm 2 amorphous silicon-based flat panel detector designed for radiographicimaging applications. The detector consists of an array of photodiodes and thin film transistor switches on a 0.2-mm pitch with an overlying thallium-doped cesium iodide scintillator. The performance of the detector was evaluated through measurement of the frequency-dependent detective quantum efficiency [DQE(f)]. Measurements of the characteristic curve and modulation transfer function(MTF) are also reported. All measurements were made in a radiographicimaging mode with a readout time of 125 ms. We evaluated a total of 15 detectors. One detector was characterized at a range of exposures and at three different electronic gain settings. Measurements of DQE(f) and MTF were also performed as a function of position on one detector. The measured DQE at an exposure of about 1 mR was 0.66 at zero spatial frequency and fell smoothly with frequency to a value of 0.24 at the Nyquist frequency, 2.5 cycles/mm. The DQE is independent of exposure for exposures in the upper 80% of each gain range, but is reduced somewhat at lower exposures because of the influence of additive system noise. The reduction can be controlled by adjusting the electronic gain. For a gain that allows a maximum exposure of 5 mR, the DQE at 0.056 mR was 0.64 at zero frequency and 0.19 at 2.5 cycles/mm. The standard deviation in DQE among measurements on different detectors was less than 0.02 at any frequency. The presampling MTF was 0.26 at 2.5 cycles/mm. The standard deviation in MTF among measurements on different detectors was less than 0.01 at any frequency. Both MTF and DQE were substantially independent of position on the detector.
Precipitation of Iron(III) Hydroxides from Homogeneous Solutions

The technique of precipitation from homogeneous solutions was used in this study to simulate the formation of iron(III) hydroxides under conditions similar to those at the redox boundary in natural waters. The technique allowed the precipitation of iron(III) hydroxides to occur when the precipitant iron(III) was slowly generated by the oxygenation of iron(II) and subsequently hydrolyzed. During the precipitation, no pH heterogeneity occurred locally as it was usually observed in the conventional preparation of iron(III) hydroxides in the laboratory. Thus, the rapid hydrolysis of ferric ions and the subsequent polymerization of iron(III) hydroxides were effectively prevented. The iron(III) precipitates formed in this way are more representative of the iron(III) particles occurring at the redox boundary in natural waters than those formed by the conventional procedure in the laboratory. The effect of solutes (e.g., H4SiO4) on the structure, size and shape of the iron(III) hydroxides formed has also be studied.
Sweet and salty. An assessment of the snacks and beverages sold in vending machines on US post-secondary institution campuses.

This study assessed the nutritional quality of snacks and beverages sold in vending machines. The contents of snack and beverage vending machines in 78 buildings on 11 US post-secondary education campuses were surveyed. Of the 2607 snack machine slots surveyed, the most common snacks vended were salty snacks (e.g., chips, pretzels) and sweets (i.e., candy and candy bars). The 1650 beverage machine slots assessed contained twice as many sugar-sweetened beverages as non-calorie-containing beverages. Only two institutions sold both milk and 100% juice in vending machines. The portion of snacks and beverages sold averaged more than 200 cal. Neither snacks nor beverages were nutrient dense. The majority of snacks were low in fiber and high in calories and fat and almost half were high in sugar. Most beverages were high in calories and sugar. This study’s findings suggest that vending machines provide limited healthful choices. Findings from benchmark assessments of components of the food environment, like the vending options reported here, can provide valuable input to campus administrators, health services, food service, and students who want to establish campus policies to promote healthful eating.
Does delay in acquiring childhood infection increase risk of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) appears to be more common in technically advanced countries than in underdeveloped regions and migration from one area to an-other at a young age affects the risk of acquiring MS. One way of explaining both the peculiar frequency distribution and the effect of migration while young is to postulate that an infection early in life decreases the chance of central demyelination. However, no specific infection has been implicated consistently. Alternatively, an aberrant host response to infection in childhood might induce central demyelination. Thus, the aberrant host response could be age-dependent. In seeking associations between age of infection and risk of MS, we observed a direct relationship: where childhood diseases were acquired early in life, the frequency of MS in that population was low; where childhood diseases tended to occur nearer adolescence, MS frequency in that population was high. Since immune responsiveness to antigenic challenges matures through early adolescence, we reason that early infection might be protective and delay in acquiring childhood infections might increase the risk of developing MS. Indeed, in experimental models, the chance of inducing chronic relapsing central demyelination is increased by using adolescent rather than newborn or mature animals. In this paper, epidemiologic evidence showing the strong association between age of infection and risk of MS is presented.
Cosmic vortices in hot stars and cool disks

The radiation that permits us to observe cosmic bodies also plays a role in their structure and evolution. While the thermal aspects of the radiation are familiar to fluid dynamicists, at least qualitatively, the dynamical effects of the radiation are perhaps less so, though these effects are becoming quite important in current astrophysical studies. This subject, which I have provisionally been calling photofluiddynamics after some discussion with the late James Lighthill, has a number of applications to cosmic objects. The most massive stars known are very hot and are the sites of vigorous fluid dynamical activity. The processes involved are of interest, not only in themselves, but also in the way they affect the observed features of the hottest stars by forming coherent vortices and magnetic flux tubes. Similar structures in accretion disks, particularly in protoplanetary systems, arise and play important roles in the evolution of those objects. Here, we shall consider only disks that, like the primitive solar nebula, are relatively cool and in which vortices may participate in the formation of planets.
‘Womanspirit’ and other issues of feminist spirituality

Hensley is a librarian at the University of Colorado Libraries, Boulder. She is also editor of SR's "Periodicals in Review" column. Spiritual feminism is not a phenomenon of the "second wave," since early advocates of women's rights in the United States, such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton (who edited The Woman's Bible) interpreted Judaic-Christian religious traditions as encouraging equality between women and men. Feminist interest in women's spirituality, or womanspirit, emerged in the 1970s, and challenged patriarchal institutions more radically by making direct claims to female religious power. Womanspirit has continued to be a major focus within women studies and the feminist movement. Currently there is variety in both theoretical and personal approaches to spirituality among feminists of diverse backgrounds who view religion as a source of empowerment in achieving social change. Because the intent of womanspirit is the same as that of feminism (self-determination and social equality), theology is liberation. Scholarly and theoretical interest in women in religion has developed from feminist challenge to sexism in patriarchal institutions and recognition that religions have been primary forces in shaping and enforcing women's cultural and social roles. Within the academy there has been disciplinary transformation involving at least anthropology, archeology, history, law, philosophy, political science, psychology, religious studies, and women studies. Scholars are analyzing women's oppression in malecentered religions and the social reinforcement of them; providing evidence of the existence of matrilineal and women-centered societies, and of goddess worship, to show that male domination is not natural and that the concept of an all-powerful male God is relatively new in human religious prac-
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure without Tracheal Intubation in Spontaneously Breathing Patients

Indications for the use of therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in spontaneously breathing patients are increasing in number. The value of this technique without tracheal intubation was investigated in 14 patients with acute respiratory distress. In most patients (eight patients, or 57 percent) the technique was successful, as evidenced by avoidance of the necessity for tracheal intubation and improvements in clinical appearance, arterial oxygen pressure, and chest x-ray films. Complications were observed in three patients, but these necessitated discontinuation of therapy in only one. The use of this technique allows avoidance of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, with their attendant risks.
How much tropical cyclone intensification can result from the energy released inside of a convective burst

[1] This study proposes a framework for estimating how much tropical cyclone intensification could result from the amount of energy released inside of a convective burst. A convective burst is a sequence of vigorous convective cells occupying one portion of a tropical cyclone's eyewall for approximately 9 to 24 h. On the basis of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite radar observations and previous modeling studies, a typical convective burst may release in 12 h an extra 6 × 1017 J of latent heat. TRMM observations suggest that this extra energy represents an increase of 25% or more in the rate that the eyewall releases latent heat prior to the convective burst. Previous studies suggest that 4.5% to 11% of this extra latent heat may be transformed, after a lag of several hours, into an increase in the kinetic energy of the tropical cyclone's inner-core tangential wind. On the basis of the H*wind analysis of aircraft and dropsonde observations, an increase in kinetic energy of this magnitude may be associated with an intensification of 9–16 m s−1 (17–31 kt) in a tropical cyclone's maximum surface wind. This conservative estimate takes into account the increase in ocean surface friction during the period of intensification and assumes that the associated increase in ocean surface enthalpy flux does not counteract any of the frictional loss. Despite sources of uncertainty, it still appears that significant intensification is possible from the amount of energy released inside of a typical convective burst.
Dynamic Model of Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Both Steady State and Transient Performance Analysis

With its high efficiency and low emissions, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a promising alternative solution for many applications including both stationary power plants and mobile Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) systems. In this paper, a dynamic model is developed for planar co-flow SOFCs for both transient and steady-state performance analysis. Finite volume method with user-defined grid is adopted to deal with the spatial distributions of current densities, pressures, temperatures and gas compositions in the SOFC. Simulations of both transient and steady state behaviors are performed to analyze the system performance. Fuel utilization, air excess ratio, air inlet temperature and current density are identified as critical operating parameters for steady-state performance in terms of cell efficiency, maximum temperature and temperature gradient in the Positive electrode-Electrolyte-Negative electrode (PEN) structure. Dynamic responses to step changes of fuel and air flow rates (two important control variables) and responses to the step change in load (the main disturbance) are analyzed to shed lights on feedback control design.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Die chirurgische Behandlung unbeherrschbarer Schmerzen

1. Die visceralen afferenten Schmerzempfindungen werden durch die Nervi splanchnici in das Ruckenmark geleitet, wo sie in kurzen kettenformigen ubereinandergeschaltenen Neuronen in der grauen Substanz zentralwarts passieren. 2. Chordotomie, wenn nicht genugend tief ausgefuhrt und wenn die Lasion die graue Substanz nicht zerstort, hebt die Organschmerzen nicht auf, wahrend die somatischen Schmerzen vollig unterdruckt werden. 3. Die Durchschneidung der Hinterwurzeln, wenn nur eine genugende Anzahl derselben durchtrennt wird, hebt die Organschmerzen auf. 4. In einem Falle wurden die Schmerzen bei Angina pectoris durch Hinterwurzeldurchschneidung aufgehoben. Solche Operation greift die afferenten Leitungsbahnen der Schmerzempfindungen sicher an, wirkt jedoch auf den acceleratorischen Herzmechanismus nicht storend ein. 5. Die Reizung der efferenten sympathischen Fasern ruft an der Peripherie Veranderungen hervor, die in der Folge die gewohnlichen somatischen schmerzleitenden Fasern reizen. Die Schmerzaufhebung durch die Sektion der sympathischen Fasern ist daher auf die Unterbrechung der efferenten Leitungsbahnen zuruckzufuhren. 6. Die Durchschneidung aller Hinterwurzeln der oberen Extremitat, beim Menschen und bei Tieren, unterbricht alle Formen der oberflachlichen und Tiefensensibilitat. 7. Es gibt keinen Beweis fur das Vorhandensein der sensiblen Bahnen in den Vorderwurzeln.
Proposed advantages of using mid-IR wavelengths for morphological characterization of pre-cancerous tissue using elastic-scattering spectroscopy

It is proposed that elastic-scattering spectroscopy with mid-IR wavelengths may provide increased sensitivity to nuclear sizes in dysplastic tissue and reduce diffusely scattered light. This could potentially become a useful tool for characterizing dysplastic tissue.
The effects of psychophysical procedure and stimulus duration in the measurement of Bezold-Brücke hue shifts.

Abstract Recent studies of Bezold-Brucke hue shifts have yielded conflicting data on the existence of invariant hues and on the nature of the hue shifts which are obtained. Two apparent differences in these experiments have been the duration of the stimulus and the psychophysical procedure used to assess the hue shifts. These differences in experiments were examined systematically with the conclusion that the stimulus duration was the more important variable in accounting for the differences between various experiments.
Modeling extinction in forced opposed-flow smolder

We address a discrepancy between smolder extinction theory and experimental work regarding whether extinction can occur under oxygen-depleted conditions. Single heterogeneous (solid/gas) reaction models that model the complex reaction process of smoldering with a single reaction predict extinction for large head winds only when oxygen remains (fuel-limited smolder). Experimental evidence, however, shows that oxygen concentrations are essentially zero for smolder waves close to the extinction limit. We consider a two-step sequential reaction scheme in which the solid fuel is converted to char, which also reacts with oxygen to produce ash. This generic scheme leads to extinction with oxygen depletion. The model suggests that oxygen depletion is caused by the second reaction while extinction is driven by the first. Solid fuel must be completely converted to char for extinction to occur while oxygen consumption in the secondary reaction induces oxygen depletion. Spatial separation of the localized reactions i...
A family of cyanide-bridged molecular squares: structural and magnetic properties of [{MIICl2}2{CoII(triphos)(CN)2}2].xCH2Cl2, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn.

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of a series of tetranuclear cyanide-bridged compounds are reported. This family of molecular squares, [{MIICl2}2{CoII(triphos)(CN)2}2] (M = Mn ([CoMn]), Fe ([CoFe]), Co ([CoCo]), Ni ([CoNi]), and Zn ([CoZn]), triphos = 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane), has been synthesized by the reaction of CoII(triphos)(CN)2 and MCl2 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) or Fe4Cl8(THF)6 in a CH2Cl2/EtOH mixture. These complexes are isostructural and consist of two pentacoordinate Co(II) and two tetrahedral M(II) centers. The resulting molecular squares are characterized by antiferromagnetic coupling between metal centers that generally follows the spin-coupling model Stotal = SM(II)1 − SCo1 + SM(II)2 − SCo2. Magnetic parameters for all the complexes were measured using SQUID magnetometry. Additionally, [CoZn] and [CoMn] were studied by both conventional and high-frequency and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance.
It's the Market: The Broad-Based Rise in the Return to Top Talent

Abstract One explanation that has been proposed for rising inequality is that technical change allows highly talented individuals, or “superstars” to manage or perform on a larger scale, applying their talent to greater pools of resources and reaching larger numbers of people, thus becoming more productive and higher paid. Others argue that managerial power has increased in a way that allows those at the top to receive higher pay, that social norms against higher pay levels have broken down, or that tax policy affects the distribution of surpluses between employers and employees. We offer evidence bearing on the different theories explaining the rise in inequality in the United States over recent decades. First we look the increase in pay at the highest income levels across occupations. We consider the income share of the top 1 percent over time. And we turn to evidence on inequality of wealth at the top. In looking at the wealthiest Americans, we find that those in the Forbes 400 are less likely to have ...
Tables of transport collision integrals for (n, 6, 4) ion-neutral potentials

Abstract Transport collision integrals are tabulated for the (n, 6, 4) model of ion-neutral-molecule interactions as functions of effective ion temperature for eight values of n and several values of a parameter γ that measures the relative strengths of the r−6 and r−4 attraction terms. The ions can have any charge and the neutral entities can be either atoms or spherically symmetric molecules. The accuracy of the calculations is estimated to be a few parts in 104. The tables can be used to estimate ion-neutral potentials by comparison with experimental ion mobility data or conversely can be used to estimate ion mobilities and diffusion coefficients as functions of gas temperature and electric field strength from fragmentary information.
Temperature aware task scheduling in MPSoCs

In deep submicron circuits, elevation in temperatures has brought new challenges in reliability, timing, performance, cooling costs and leakage power. Conventional thermal management techniques sacrifice performance to control the thermal behavior by slowing down or turning off the processors when a critical temperature threshold is exceeded. Moreover, studies have shown that in addition to high temperatures, temporal and spatial variations in temperature impact system reliability. In this work, we explore the benefits of thermally aware task scheduling for multiprocessor systems-on-a-chip (MPSoC). We design and evaluate OS-level dynamic scheduling policies with negligible performance overhead. We show that, using simple to implement policies that make decisions based on temperature measurements, better temporal and spatial thermal profiles can be achieved in comparison to state-of-art schedulers. We also enhance reactive strategies such as dynamic thread migration with our scheduling policies. This way, hot spots and temperature variations are decreased, and the performance cost is significantly reduced.
Mothers' use of imitative play for facilitating social responsiveness and toy play in young autistic children

The effectiveness of imitating an autistic child's actions as a means for promoting social responsiveness and creative toy play was explored. Fifteen autistic children between the ages of 2 and 6 years and their mothers were assessed before and after a 2-week period during which they engaged in imitative play for 20 minutes per day. At the pre-intervention assessment, autistic children's gaze at mother's face was of longer duration, and their toy play was more creative during imitative play than during a free play session. At the post-intervention assessment, significant cumulative increases in duration of gaze at mother's face and creative toy play were found. Children's positive behavior changes were not found to be a function of developmental level of imitative ability, play skills, Vineland social age, IQ, or severity of autistic symptoms. Instead, the majority of children showed positive responses to this interactive strategy, regardless of these individual characteristics.
Spontaneous and triggered aseismic deformation transients in a subduction fault model

[1] Aseismic deformation transients can emerge as a natural outcome of the rate and state friction processes revealed in laboratory fault-sliding experiments. When that constitutive formulation is applied to model subduction earthquake sequences, transients can arise spontaneously for certain effective stress () variations with depth. We show that if interstitial fluids are present and pore pressure is near-lithostatic around and downdip from the frictional stability transition, transients with recurrence intervals of ∼1 year are predicted on the basis of laboratory friction parameters and their temperature (hence depth) variations. The recurrence interval decreases with and reaches 14 months when is ∼2–3 MPa. Dimensional analysis and numerical studies show that the fault response primarily depends on a parameter W/h*. Here the high pore pressure zone extends distance W updip from the stability transition, and h* is the stable patch size for steady sliding. Evidence that such fluid conditions may actually be present is independently provided by the occurrence of nonvolcanic tremors as apparent responses to extremely small stress changes and by petrological constraints on expected regions of dehydration for the shallow dipping subduction zones where transients are observed. Transient sequences can also be triggered by a modest, one-time, step-like interseismic stress perturbation on the subduction fault, due to nearby earthquakes, or to pore pressure changes, e.g., during episodes of metamorphic fluid release. Properties of triggered transients and future thrust earthquakes depend on the interseismic time when the perturbation is introduced, its relative location along the subduction fault, and its magnitude.
HPLC analysis of functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and the interaction between a folate-dendrimer conjugate and folate binding protein

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations with carboxyl, acetyl, and hydroxyl terminal groups and a folic acid (FA)-dendrimer conjugate were separated and analyzed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of both the individual PAMAM derivatives and the separation of mixed generations can be achieved using a linear gradient 0–50% acetonitrile (ACN) (balance water) within 40 min. We also show that PAMAMs with defined acetylation and carboxylation degrees can be analyzed using HPLC. Furthermore, a generation 5 dendrimer-FA conjugate (G5.75Ac-FA4; Ac denotes acetyl) was analyzed and its specific binding with a bovine folic acid binding protein (FBP) was monitored. The HPLC and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results indicate the formation of three complexes after the binding of G5.75Ac-FA4 with FBP. Dendrimers with FA moieties show much higher specific binding capability with FBP than those without FA moieties. Findings from this study indicate that HPLC is an effective technique not only for characterization and separation of functionalized PAMAM dendrimers and conjugates but also for investigation of the interaction between dendrimers and biomolecules.
Ventilation-perfusion distribution in normal subjects.

Functional values of LogSD of the ventilation distribution (σV) have been reported previously, but functional values of LogSD of the perfusion distribution (σq) and the coefficient of correlation...
Effect of high-fat intake on lactogenic hormone bioactivity in premenopausal women.

To determine ifdietary fat affects the bioactivity ofcirculating prolactin and growth hormone (lactogenic hormones), a controlled feeding study was conducted in six pre- menopausal women over two complete menstrual cycles. After an initial 7- 10 d dietary adjust- ment, subjects were randomly assigned to either low-fat (25% of calories) or high-fat (46%) diets. The diets were similar in proportions of energy, protein, P:S ratio, and cholesterol. All subjects completed both diets in a crossover experimental design. Fasting blood samples were collected on alternate days throughout the study. Plasma hormone bioactivity was assayed by the Nb2 lymphoma cell method. Luteal-phase lactogenic hormone bioactivity appeared to be higher (averaging 28%; p < 0.07) in response to high- rather than low-fat diets. No differences were seen in levels of radioimmunoreactive prolactin or growth hormone. Substantial changes in short-term fat intake may alter the level of lactogenic hormone bioactivity in young women. AmfClinNutr 1988;48:791-4.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Differentially Regulate Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Cell-Mediated Collagen Organization

Objectives— Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) produce both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, enzymes with similar in vitro matrix degrading abilities. We compared the specific contributions of these enzymes to SMC-matrix interactions in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results— Using genetic models of deficiency, we investigated MMP-2 and MMP-9 roles in SMC migration in vivo in the formation of intimal hyperplasia and in vitro. In addition, we investigated potential effects of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genetic deficiency on compaction and assembly of collagen by SMCs. Conclusions— MMP-2 and MMP-9 genetic deficiency decreased by 81% and 65%, respectively ( P P P
A delay in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle that is induced by a dicentric chromosome and dependent upon mitotic checkpoints.

Abstract Dicentric chromosomes are genetically unstable and depress the rate of cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have characterized the effects of a conditionally dicentric chromosome on the cell division cycle by using microscopy, flow cytometry, and an assay for histone H1 kinase activity. Activating the dicentric chromosome induced a delay in the cell cycle after DNA replication and before anaphase. The delay occurred in the absence of RAD9, a gene required to arrest cell division in response to DNA damage. The rate of dicentric chromosome loss, however, was elevated in the rad9 mutant. A mutation in BUB2, a gene required for arrest of cell division in response to loss of microtubule function, diminished the delay. Both RAD9 and BUB2 appear to be involved in the cellular response to a dicentric chromosome, since the conditionally dicentric rad9 bub2 double mutant was highly inviable. We conclude that a dicentric chromosome results in chromosome breakage and spindle aberrations prior to nuclear division that normally activate mitotic checkpoints, thereby delaying the onset of anaphase.
Horace, Philodemus and the Epicureans at Herculaneum

Scholars have often included Horace among the students of the Epicurean philosopher and poet Philodemus of Gadara. Around 70 B.C., Philodemus moved from Greece to the area of Naples, where he spent the rest of his life2). Philodemus and Siro (Vergil's celebrated teacher) organized there an Epicurean school that attracted some of the most famous Romans of the day; some have assumed that Horace was one of them. Since Christian Jensen edited Philodemus* On Poems3) and Augusto Rostagni the Ars Poetica*), many scholars have followed their suggestion that Philodemus was Horace's mentor5). In this paper, however, I propose to show that recent papyrological discoveries have left this hypothesis without support. Horace may well have met Philodemus in his lifetime, but now there is less evidence than ever that he ever spent any prolonged period with him as his student. The assumption that Horace studied under Philodemus in his youth (and, in fact, during the years Vergil himself was studying under Siro) is quite old, but gained a special significance in the late nineteenth century, when two relevant papyrus fragments were dis-
Outpatient vascular and interventional radiology practice from 2001-2008.

Purpose To describe experience with an outpatient vascular interventional radiology (IR) practice with respect to number of patients seen, number of procedures performed, and number of imaging studies ordered in follow-up. Materials and Methods The outpatient vascular IR practice at the authors' institution was established in 2001 with two physicians spending one half-day per week; a third physician joined in 2004. A retrospective review was done of all patients seen by an interventional radiologist from 2001 to July 2008. The following data were collected for each physician per year: the number of new and established patients seen, the number and type of procedures performed, and the number and type of imaging studies ordered. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation per physician per year and total number. Results In 2001, the average number of new patients seen was 61 ± 11 (total number = 122), which peaked in 2006 at 127 ± 28 (total number = 380). A similar trend occurred with the established patients. In 2001, the procedure performed with the greatest frequency was abdominal aortogram with stent placement, which started at 18 ± 2 (total number = 35) and peaked by 2006 at 37 ± 23 (total number = 122). The number of ancillary imaging studies ordered by each physician increased each year and by 2006 was nearly 93 ± 77 (total number = 278). Conclusions A robust outpatient IR practice in vascular disease can be developed in 3–5 years with downstream imaging studies being ordered for the radiology department.
A texture-contingent visual motion aftereffect*

The following procedure produces a new motion aftereffect. Two visually textured disks—one fine and the other coarse—rotate in opposite directions, and the O fixates the center of each disk alternately for 4 sec. After 4 min of viewing, the disks are stopped. Each stationary disk, when fixated, then appears to rotate in the opposite direction from its prior objective rotation. This phenomenon, a texture-contingent negative motion aftereffect, is analogous in some respects to the McCollough effect, an orientation-contingent color aftereffect.
Intrauterine choriocarcinoma in a rhesus monkey

A spontaneous neoplasm (the fourth reported from the female reproductive organs of the rhesus monkey) is described-an intrauterine choriocarcinoma with massive pulmonary metastasis.
A Putative PP2C-Encoding Gene Negatively Regulates ABA Signaling in Populus euphratica

A PP2C homolog gene was cloned from the drought-treated cDNA library of Populus euphratica. Multiple sequence alignment analysis suggested that the gene is a potential ortholog of HAB1. The expression of this HAB1 ortholog (PeHAB1) was markedly induced by drought and moderately induced by ABA. To characterize its function in ABA signaling, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing this gene. Transgenic lines exhibited reduced responses to exogenous ABA and reduced tolerance to drought compared to wide-type lines. Yeast two-hybrid analyses indicated that PeHAB1 could interact with the ABA receptor PYL4 in an ABA-independent manner. Taken together; these results indicated that PeHAB1 is a new negative regulator of ABA responses in poplar.
Subdiffusive concentration in first passage percolation

We prove exponential concentration in i.i.d. first-passage percolation in Z^d for all dimensions (greater than 1) and general edge-weights. These results extend work of Benaim-Rossignol to general distributions.
BCL-6 protein is expressed in germinal-center B cells

Structural alterations of the 5' noncoding region of the BCL-6 gene have been found in 40% of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) and 5% to 10% of follicular lymphomas (FL), suggesting that deregulated BCL-6 expression may play a role in lymphomagenesis. Nucleotide sequencing of BCL-6 cDNA predicted a protein containing six zinc-finger domains, suggesting that it may function as a transcription factor. Using antisera raised against N- and C-terminal BCL-6 synthetic oligopeptides in immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, and immunocytochemical assays, this study identifies the BCL-6 gene product as a 95-kD nuclear protein. Western blot analysis of human tumor cell lines representative of various hematopoietic lineages/stages of differentiation showed that the BCL-6 protein is predominantly expressed in the B-cell lineage where it was found in mature B cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal human lymphoid tissues indicated that BCL-6 expression is topographically restricted to germinal centers including all centroblasts and centrocytes. The BCL-6 protein was also detectable in inter- and intra-follicular CD4+ T cells, but not in other follicular components including mantle-zone B cells, plasma cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Immunohistochemical analysis of DLCL and FL biopsy samples showed that the BCL-6 protein is detectable in these tumors independent of the presence of BCL-6 gene rearrangements. These results indicate that the expression of the BCL-6 gene is specifically regulated during B-cell differentiation and suggest a role for BCL-6 in germinal center development or function. Because DLCL derive from germinal-center B cells, deregulated BCL-6 expression may contribute to lymphomagenesis by preventing postgerminal center differentiation.
Treatment of relapsed Hodgkin's disease: Strategies and prognostic factors

The major points in salvage therapy of patients in relapse following combination chemotherapy for advanced disease are: (1) success of any second-line approach is determined by prognostic factors which include age, duration of the initial remission, and quantity of disease at relapse; (2) induction failures (progression without remission or incomplete remission and short initial remission) require innovative therapy which currently entails high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral or bone marrow autologous support; (3) late relapse still retains an order to sensitivity to chemotherapy and can be treated with conventional dose combination with complementary radiation therapy to previously unirradiated bulky sites. The choice of regimen is empiric and can include a repeat of the regimen used for the original remission or induction. The relative advantage of HDC in this favorable group is uncertain.
Nephrometry Score is Associated with Volume Loss and Functional Recovery After Partial Nephrectomy

Purpose: Functional volume preservation after partial nephrectomy is a primary determinant of kidney function. We identified tumor features, including R.E.N.A.L. (radius for tumor size as maximal diameter, exophytic/endophytic tumor properties, nearness of deepest portion of tumor to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior descriptor and location relative to polar line) and centrality index nephrometry scores, associated with volume loss after partial nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: A chart and imaging review was done for 237 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy from 2007 to 2010 and met study inclusion criteria. R.E.N.A.L. and centrality index nephrometry scores were measured in all patients. Percent functional volume preservation was estimated a median of 1.4 years after surgery using the cylindrical volume ratio method. Statistical analysis was done to study associations.Results: Independent tumor features associated with percent functional volume preservation included tumor diameter (p...
Sun exposure causes somatic second-hit mutations and angiofibroma development in tuberous sclerosis complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by the formation of tumors in multiple organs and is caused by germline mutation in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 and TSC2. As for other tumor suppressor gene syndromes, the mechanism of somatic second-hit events in TSC tumors is unknown. We grew fibroblast-like cells from 29 TSC skin tumors from 22 TSC subjects and identified germline and second-hit mutations in TSC1/TSC2 using next-generation sequencing. Eighteen of 22 (82%) subjects had a mutation identified, and 8 of the 18 (44%) subjects were mosaic with mutant allele frequencies of 0 to 19% in normal tissue DNA. Multiple tumors were available from four patients, and in each case, second-hit mutations in TSC2 were distinct indicating they arose independently. Most remarkably, 7 (50%) of the 14 somatic point mutations were CC>TT ultraviolet ‘signature’ mutations, never seen as a TSC germline mutation. These occurred exclusively in facial angiofibroma tumors from sun-exposed sites. These results implicate UV-induced DNA damage as a cause of second-hit mutations and development of TSC facial angiofibromas and suggest that measures to limit UV exposure in TSC children and adults should reduce the frequency and severity of these lesions.
Grundlagen und Terminologie

Die Frage, ob Molekeln Enantiomeric aufweisen (d. h. in optisch aktiven enantiomeren Formen existieren konnen), ist dann positiv beantwortet, wenn gezeigt werden kann, das sie nicht mit ihrem Spiegelbild zur Deckung gebracht werden konnen. Das Phanomen der Deckbarkeit von Bild und Spiegelbild eines Objektes steht in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Symmetrie der Punktgruppe, welcher das Objekt zuzuordnen ist. Die Zuordnung eines Objektes zu einer bestimmten Punktgruppe basiert auf der An- oder Abwesenheit gewisser Symmetrie-Elemente; namlich Symmetrieachsen, Drehspiegelachsen, Symmetrieebenen und Symmetriezentrum. Eine n-fache Symmetrieachse (Achse der Ordnung n) ist eine Gerade, die so in einem Objekt liegt, das eine Drehung um diese Gerade um einen Winkel von 360°/n eine Anordnung hervorbringt, die von der ursprunglichen Anordnung nicht unterscheidbar ist. Ein gleichseitiges Dreieck beispielsweise hat eine dreizahlige Achse, welche senkrecht zur Dreiecksflache das Zentrum durchstost. Die Ordnung n kann den Wert jeder positiven, ganzen Zahl annehmen (z.B. acht fur ein regulares Achteck) bis unendlich (z. B. fur einen Kreis).
Deformation mechanism maps: a review with applications

Deformation mechanism mapping has recently evolved as a method for quantitatively expressing complex deformation equations while at the same time allowing visual insight into our understanding of these deformation processes. Techniques for the generation of deformation mechanism maps are described, specific applications in the literature to date are reviewed, and some applications not previously considered are presented. These include the examination of sequential dependent deformation processes, grain boundary sliding, and the use of deformation mechanism maps to interpret pressure-sintering kinetics.
Intralymphatic chemotherapy using a hyaluronan-cisplatin conjugate.

Background Breast cancers typically spread to regional lymph nodes once they disseminate from the primary tumor, thus adequate evaluation and treatment of the axillary lymph nodes is paramount in early stage disease. One significant problem with current therapy is the side effects chemotherapy agents create systemically, either alone or in combination. The purpose of this study is to determine whether lymphatically targeted cisplatin carriers will increase the localized dose in lymphatic metastases without systemic toxicities. Methods Hyaluronan (HA) is a highly biocompatible polymer that follows lymphatic drainage from the interstitial spaces. We formed complexes of HA and cisplatin by non-covalent conjugation. Complexes were injected subcutaneously into the upper mammary fat pad of female rats, and the tissue distribution determined. Results Cisplatin–HA contained up to 0.25 w/w of Pt and released drug with a half-life of 10 h in saline. Cisplatin–HA conjugates had high anti-tumor activity in vitro similar to the free drug: cisplatin–HA IC 50 7 μg/mL in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (free cisplatin IC 50 7 μg/mL). Cisplatin–HA conjugates were well tolerated in rodents with no signs of injection site morbidity or major organ toxicity after 96 h. The area-under-the-curve of cisplatin in the axially lymph nodes after injection with cisplatin–HA increased 74% compared with normal cisplatin. Conclusions This study demonstrates a novel intralymphatic drug delivery method in breast cancer to preferentially treat at-risk regional lymph nodes and avoid systemic toxicities. Further in vivo testing related to efficacy of this approach with regard to survival, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics is warranted to support its use in human trials.
Expression of intestinal brush-border membrane hydrolases and ferritin after segmental ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Jejunal expression of three brush-border membrane (BBM) enzymes, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), lactose-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), and sucrase-isomaltase (SI), and a cytosolic protein, ferritin (Ft), was investigated after transient segmental ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). I/R reduced mucosal IAP, LPH, and SI mRNAs to 36%, 11%, and 38% of normal jejunal levels after 3 h of reperfusion and to 22%, 8%, and 51% of normal jejunal levels after 6 h of reperfusion, respectively. Intriguingly, in the internal control jejunum IAP and LPH mRNAs also decreased significantly. LPH and SI mRNA rapidly recovered to levels significantly higher than those of normal jejunum at 12 h, whereas IAP mRNA levels did not recover until 48 h. Enzyme activity paralleled changes in mRNA levels in the ischemic reperfused jejunum. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that I/R significantly increased SI footprinting 1 (SIF1) binding activity. The mobility of one of the DNA-protein complexes was further retarded in the presence of anti-Cdx-2 antibody, suggesting that either Cdx-2 or a related protein was interacting with the SIF1 sequences. Similar to BBM enzymes, cytosolic Ft mRNA and protein were significantly decreased at 3 and 6 h after I/R. By 12 h, Ft mRNA, but not Ft protein, had increased to higher than normal levels. We conclude that a rapid recovery of BBM mRNAs and enzymes occurs in regenerating mucosa after upper villus damage. The increase of SIF1 binding protein activity after I/R may enhance SI, and perhaps LPH, gene transcription. The expression of Ft is regulated at both pretranslational and translational levels.
Evaluating Wetland Vegetation Establishment at the Baker Wetlands, Douglas County, Kansas

The Baker Wetlands (Douglas County, KS) is a 375 ha (927 ac) site for conservation, research, and education on wetland ecosystems. This study focused on a wetland vegetation restoration in a 49 ha (120 ac) portion of Baker Wetlands. A vegetation assessment was carried out every fifth summer from 1991 to 2011, with a final survey in 2012, to determine the wetland vegetation establishment success of the restoration at the Baker Wetlands. Successful establishment was defined as having a significant increase in percent coverage of plant species classified as obligate wetland, facultative wetland, and facultative after 10 or more years of restoration. Surveys consisted of visually estimating percent coverage of wetland vegetation within 1m2 quadrats. We found a significant increase in the percent coverage of obligate wetland and facultative wetland plants between 1991 and the following years. These results will help guide future restoration efforts at Baker Wetlands.
Manganese Vanadium Oxide Compounds as Cathodes for Lithium Batteries

A pure form of the compound [(CH3)4N]0.2Mn0.06V2O5+δ•0.2H2O has been synthesized by the hydrothermal technique. A manganese richer compound, [(CH3)4N]0.18Mn0.1V2O5+δ•0.35H2O, has also been synthesized. By comparison to [(CH3)4N]0.17Fe0.1V2O5+δ•0.17H2O, the structure of these compounds consists of double sheets of vanadium oxide with tetramethyl ammonium ions in the interlayer spaces. Both compounds display reversible lithium intercalation with sharp end points. The lithiation capacity is lowered by the increase in manganese content.
A phase III randomized controlled study comparing iron sucrose intravenously (IV) to no iron treatment of anemia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and erythropoietin stimulating agent (ESA) therapy

9109 Background: The effect of using IV iron sucrose in managing cancer chemotherapy-related anemia has not been previously reported. To investigate this issue, we conducted a randomized study of I...