cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Masculinities in Transition? Exclusion, Ethnosocial Power, and Contradictions in Excombatant Community-based Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland:

This study critically examines how masculinities and intersecting ethnonational and social class identities underscore the social and political agencies of excombatants in Northern Ireland and in the specific context of community-based peacebuilding. The authors draw on interviews with female and male leaders in grassroots and governmental organizations, which illustrate how state-led practices of exclusion reshape such intersectional identities and increase the instrumentality of hypermasculinist, pseudo-paramilitary practices in maintaining excombatants’ status and control on neighborhood levels. The research documents how structural dynamics of excombatants’ social class locations and political disaffection help shape their social agencies of “resistance,” underscored by desires for autonomy and recognition, and channeled by ethnogendered scripts rooted in both violent cultures of paramilitarism and nonviolent peacebuilding masculinities. The implications on women of male excombatants’ takeover of lead...
Abstract B18: B-cell lymphoma patient-derived xenograft models: The road to personalized therapy

Lymphoma is the most common hematological malignancy, and B-cell lymphoma accounts for 85% of all lymphomas. The current overall cure rate for B-cell lymphoma is estimated at ~30%, even with the development and application of novel therapies, and the majority of patients relapse after treatment due to the development of drug resistance. The evaluation of novel drug targets using established B-cell lymphoma cell lines is limited by the inexact correlation between responsiveness observed in the cell line versus the patient sample. However, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models have been shown to recapitulate the diversity of growth, metastasis, and histopathology of the original tumor, overcoming the limitations of cell lines. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that PDXs can recapitulate treatment responses of the parental tumor and can successfully choose a therapeutic target and regimen for the patient. We previously established a SCID-hu in vivo human primary mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) PDX model, the first human primary MCL animal model for biological and therapeutic research, and investigated the disease biology and potential novel human MCL therapies using this model. In this MCL PDX model, the engraftment and growth of patient MCL cells were dependent on the human bone marrow microenvironment supplied by an implanted human fetal bone chip. Our clinical information and reports show that numerous B-cell lymphoma subtypes involve bone marrow; therefore, we expanded our PDX model to include various B-cell lymphomas to study the clonal evolution of tumors and to evaluate novel therapies for the treatments of these diseases. PDX models (n=20) were established for multiple different types of B-cell lymphoma, including MCL (n=12), Burkitt9s lymphoma (n=1), marginal zone lymphoma (n=2), follicular lymphoma (n=2), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=1) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=2). The engraftment rate was high at 95%, the tumor xenografts rapidly grew at 3-4 weeks/generation, and 68% of the tumor xenografts were passaged for multiple generations, even up to 14 generations. Further demonstrating the utility of this model to recapitulate the characteristics of the original patient tumor, the tumor xenograft cells migrated to the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract of the host mice, mimicking the disease progression observed in humans, and HE Feb 11-14, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(16_Suppl):Abstract nr B18.
Residual Effects of Marihuana Usage on Learning and Memory

2 studies examine effects of marihuana usage on memory. In both, Ss were not “high” in the laboratory setting, but those in the user experimental group were long-term chronic users of marihuana. It was hypothesized that users would perform significantly poorer than nonusers on both recall and acquisition. Results from both studies supported the hypothesis for the verbal memory tasks but not for the arithmetic 3-step problems. Other drugs, test anxiety, and academic ability did not appear to be factors in the results. Possible causes of the memory impairment and its seriousness are discussed.
Nanoparticles increase human bronchial epithelial cell susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection via nerve growth factor-induced autophagy.

Cytotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) in human airways are mediated by nerve growth factor (NGF), which is also implicated in the pathophysiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to TiO2-NP results in increased susceptibility to RSV infection and exacerbation of airway inflammation via NGF-mediated induction of autophagy in lower respiratory tract cells. Human primary bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to TiO2-NP for 24 h prior to infection with recombinant red RSV (rrRSV). Expression of NGF and its TrkA and p75NTR receptors was measured by real-time PCR and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Autophagy was assessed by beclin-1 expression analysis. Cell death was studied by FACS after annexin V/propidium iodide staining. rrRSV infection efficiency more than doubled in human bronchial cells pre-exposed to TiO2-NP compared to controls. NGF and its TrkA receptor were upregulated in RSV-infected bronchial cells pre-exposed to TiO2-NP compared to controls exposed to either rrRSV or TiO2-NP alone. Silencing NGF gene expression with siRNA significantly inhibited rrRSV infection. rrRSV-infected cells pre-exposed to TiO2-NP also showed increase in necrotic cell death and reduction in apoptosis, together with 4.3-fold increase in expression of the early autophagosomal gene beclin-1. Pharmacological inhibition of beclin-1 by wortmannin resulted in increased apoptotic rate along with lower viral load. This study shows that TiO2-NP exposure enhances the infectivity of RSV in human bronchial epithelial cells by upregulating the NGF/TrkA axis. The mechanism of this interaction involves induction of autophagy promoting viral replication and necrotic cell death.
Differential fear of cardiopulmonary sensations in emergency room noncardiac chest pain patients.

Fear of bodily sensations has received extensive attention in relation to panic disorder, and more recently, other types of anxiety pathology and chronic pain problems. Extending this work, the present study examined fear of bodily sensations and its underlying dimensions in emergency room patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain (NCCP; n = 63). We posited a “differential specificity” hypothesis, expecting that specific cardiopulmonary fears would be more strongly associated with NCCP symptoms relative to other bodily fears. As hypothesized, participants reported cardiopulmonary sensations as significantly more fear-provoking than numbness, dissociation, and gastrointestinal sensations. Additionally, regression analysis indicated that after accounting for theoretically relevant demographic variables and health status, cardiopulmonary fear was the best predictor of a composite index of cardiac complaints intensity, even after removing variance related to the absolute number of cardiac complaints. We discuss these findings in relation to the specific role for the fear of cardiopulmonary sensations in chest pain complaints, with implications for better understanding the underlying psychological processes involved in NCCP.
Association between postpartum physical symptoms and mood.

Abstract Objective Postpartum depression may be associated with higher levels of postpartum pain, but the association with discomfort in general is unclear. We sought to describe an association between postpartum mood disturbances and quantitatively measured physical symptoms at the time of the routine postpartum encounter. Methods We designed a novel quantitative measurement of postpartum symptoms, the Postpartum Symptom Inventory (PSI), to allow comparison to scores of postpartum mood. Women presenting for a routine postpartum visit were asked to complete a brief questionnaire about their delivery, the 20-item PSI, and an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Depression scores were compared with symptom inventory scores and demographic data. Results Two hundred six women responded, of whom 77% had a vaginal delivery. The most common physical symptoms experienced to a bothersome degree were fatigue (35.3%), back/hip pain (22.4%), and headache (13.2%). Twenty-nine women (14.3%) had an EPDS score of 10 or more, thereby screening positive for possible depression. Women screening positive had significantly greater total PSI scores than women who did not screen positive (20.2 vs 12.2, p Conclusion Data suggest that a high level of physical symptomatology as measured by a PSI score >10 at six weeks post-delivery is associated with increased odds of screening positive for postpartum depression.
Depressive Symptom Trajectories Among Sexually Abused Youth: Examining the Effects of Parental Perpetration and Age of Abuse Onset:

Researchers found that sexual abuse in childhood leads to increased adolescent depressive symptomatology, though this link may vary due to the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator as well as the age of the child when the abuse began. A sample of 444 sexually abused youth provided data for the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being I. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms and test the effects of parental perpetration and age of abuse onset. Results supported the following three growth trajectories of depressive symptoms in adolescence: falling, rising, and flat. Youth who were sexually abused by a parent were more likely to follow the rising and falling trajectories. Also, youth who experienced sexual abuse at a younger age were more likely to be classified in the falling trajectory. Findings can inform intervention programming on the links between sexual abuse characteristics and subsequent patterns of adolescent depressive symptomology.
Principal components of thermal regimes in mountain river networks

Abstract. Description of thermal regimes in flowing waters is key to understanding physical processes, enhancing predictive abilities, and improving bioassessments. Spatially and temporally sparse data sets, especially in logistically challenging mountain environments, have limited studies on thermal regimes, but inexpensive sensors coupled with crowd-sourced data collection efforts provide efficient means of developing large data sets for robust analyses. Here, thermal regimes are assessed using annual monitoring records compiled from several natural resource agencies in the northwestern United States that spanned a 5-year period (2011–2015) at 226 sites across several contiguous montane river networks. Regimes were summarized with 28 metrics and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine those metrics which best explained thermal variation on a reduced set of orthogonal axes. Four principal components (PC) accounted for 93.4 % of the variation in the temperature metrics, with the first PC (49 % of variance) associated with metrics that represented magnitude and variability and the second PC (29 % of variance) associated with metrics representing the length and intensity of the winter season. Another variant of PCA, T-mode analysis, was applied to daily temperature values and revealed two distinct phases of spatial variability – a homogeneous phase during winter when daily temperatures at all sites were ∘C and a heterogeneous phase throughout the year's remainder when variation among sites was more pronounced. Phase transitions occurred in March and November, and coincided with the abatement and onset of subzero air temperatures across the study area. S-mode PCA was conducted on the same matrix of daily temperature values after transposition and indicated that two PCs accounted for 98 % of the temporal variation among sites. The first S-mode PC was responsible for 96.7 % of that variance and correlated with air temperature variation ( r=0.92 ), whereas the second PC accounted for 1.3 % of residual variance and was correlated with discharge ( r=0.84 ). Thermal regimes in these mountain river networks were relatively simple and responded coherently to external forcing factors, so sparse monitoring arrays and small sets of summary metrics may be adequate for their description. PCA provided a computationally efficient means of extracting key information elements from the temperature data set used here and could be applied broadly to facilitate comparisons among more diverse stream types and develop classification schemes for thermal regimes.
Dual Species Ion Implantation into GaAs

Dual species implants of Se in conjunction with Ga or As implants and Si implants in conjunction with Ga or As implants into GaAs have been investigated. Data on the doping efficiency and doping profiles are presented. Although other models are possible and should not be ruled out, the gross features of the Se results are explainable using a simplified model which postulates that the Ga implant produces donors via As vacancies and that the As implant produces acceptors via Ga vacancies. To explain the Si results, it is necessary to invoke the effect of stoichiometry on the amphoteric nature of the silicon dopant.
The Writer Unit

The writer unit is the business end of the EEG machine. Although the workings of the rest of the EEG machine are easily forgotten or taken for granted, the writer unit and its problems are a part of an EEG technician s day-to-day routine. To make the best use of the writer unit and to aid in the interpretation of the tracing, some knowledge and understanding of the way in which it functions is valuable.
Malcolm's conk and Danto's colors; or, four logical petitions concerning race, beauty, and aesthetics

I have opened with this passage from Toni Morrison for a number of reasons. The passage reflects the long-standing preoccupation that African-American activists have had with standards of physical beauty, a preoccupation that I will soon call antiracist aestheticism. The passage also captures in singularly effective language the existential, social, and psychological conditions that motivate this preoccupation, and contributes the language of logical petitions that I will use to frame my discussion of aestheticism. Morrison's ugly little black girl, a character named Pecola, makes a request that would be ludicrous were it not for the nature of her circumstances. In this essay I want to consider how Pecola's circumstances motivate her petition and two others, after which I will offer my own petition concerning the practice of aesthetics. First, a few words about the social and intellectual conditions that make Pecola's petition "logical." One of the cornerstones of the modern West has been the hierarchical valuation of human types along racial lines. (Unless I say otherwise, I will be concerned throughout with the modern West, particularly with England and its former possessions in the Americas.) The most prominent type of racialized ranking represents blackness as a condition to be despised, and most tokens of this type extend this attitude to cover the physical features that are central to the ascription of black identity. So a central assumption has been that black folks-with our kinky hair, flat noses, thick lips, dark skin, prognathism, and steatopygia-are ugly. (I call to your attention the evaluative overtones of this standard descriptive language: imagine the difference if I had said broad noses, full lips, curly hair, and so on.) The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
Impact of Cardiac Progenitor Cells on Heart Failure and Survival in Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease

Rationale:Intracoronary administration of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) in patients with single ventricles resulted in a short-term improvement in cardiac function. Objective:To test the hypoth...
Body fat distribution, diabetes, and prostate cancer in afro-caribbean men: the tobago prostate cancer survey

2502 A positive association between body fat and prostate cancer has been observed, though studies are inconsistent. Paradoxically, diabetes appears to be protective against prostate cancer. We examined the association of body fat distribution and diabetes with prostate cancer among Afro-Caribbean men on the Island of Tobago. Participants comprised 226 men, aged 50-79 years, with screening-detected prostate cancer and 666 men with normal screening results (normal digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≤ 4 ng/ml) ascertained in a population-based screening study. Standard protocols were used to collect anthropometric measures and self-reported history of diabetes. Regional body composition was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Unconditional logistic regression was used to identify potential independent predictors of prostate cancer risk. After controlling for age, prostate cancer cases and controls were similar in anthropometric measurements and in DXA estimates of lean and fat mass in the arm, leg, and trunk, except for percent trunk fat which was marginally higher in cases than controls (50.5 vs. 50.1, respectively, p = 0.085). History of diabetes was reported by 157 men. History of diabetes was marginally protective against prostate cancer (OR = 0.66, p = 0.065). However, there was a strong interaction between diabetes and percent trunk fat (p=0.008) for prostate cancer. Compared with men without diabetes and percent trunk fat below the median, age-adjusted risk was much lower for men with diabetes and percent trunk fat below the median (OR=0.24, 95%CI 0.10-0.58), while risk among men with percent trunk fat above the median was similarly elevated in men with diabetes (OR=1.32, 95%CI 0.92-1.90) and without diabetes (OR=1.30, 95%CI 0.76-2.22). No interactions were observed in similar analyses of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference or DXA estimated total body percent fat. These results support an association between prostate cancer and central body fat deposition and diabetes which is modified by diabetes only in men with lower trunk fat. This interaction may explain some of the inconsistencies among previous studies. Further studies are needed to understand hormonal and other factors which may underlie this complex association.
Localization of typical and atypical Frankia isolates from Casuarina sp. in nodules formed on Casuarina equisetifolia

Members of the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterial genus Frankia are typically isolated from root nodules and generally infective on the same plant species. Several Frankia strains originally isolated from Casuarina species, however, have been found to be non-infective on Casuarina species. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential role of infective isolates from Casuarina species on the potential establishment of these non-infective Frankia strains in root nodule formation on Casuarina equisetifolia. Soil microcosms were established with plants of C. equisetifolia and inoculated with Frankia casuarinae strain CcI3 or cluster 3 strain R43, or combinations of both at different densities. Basic plant growth characteristics, root nodule formation and localization of both Frankia strains in nodule periderm and cortex, as well as population development in soils were monitored. The presence of strain R43 did not affect plant growth performance nor root nodule formation, while inoculation with strain CcI3 enhanced plant growth and resulted in root nodule formation. qPCR analyses on selected nodule lobes revealed the presence of strain CcI3 in cortex samples in all treatments, while strain R43 was not detected in any cortex samples but in 40% of the periderm samples from lobes from treatments with highest inoculation values. In situ hybridization detected cells of strain R43 on the outside of the nodules, i.e. on the periderm only. These results demonstrate that the cluster 3 Frankia strain R43 is not co-infecting root nodules formed by the F. casuarinae strain CcI3 on C. equisetifolia, but has likely been isolated as a surface contaminant from Casuarina nodules.
Evolution of the phenotype of craniosynostosis with dental anomalies syndrome and report of IL11RA variant population frequencies in a Crouzon-like autosomal recessive syndrome.

In 2011, biallelic loss-of-function variants in the interleukin receptor 11 alpha gene IL11RA were found to be associated with a Crouzon-like craniosynostosis syndrome with associated dental anomalies (CRSDA). Since then, a total of 41 similar patients have been reported with IL11RA variants. We report two adult brothers diagnosed with Crouzon syndrome as children, in which the clinical diagnosis of CRSDA was made on reevaluation. Laboratory testing detected biallelic IL11RA variants, c.916_924dup (p.Thr306_Ser308dup) and c.781C > T (p.Arg261Cys), both of which have now been reported in other families. Protein modeling and conservation analysis show that these two mutation sites cluster together near a WSXWS motif that likely plays a significant role in regulating IL11RA protein function. Population analysis from gnomAD shows that Non-Finnish Europeans (similar to ethnicity of this family), have an allele frequency for p.Thr306_Ser308dup of 0.014% and p.Arg261Cys of 0.008%. We found other ethnicities have functional IL11RA missense variants at higher frequencies. With this report, we provide a summary of the clinical findings including details of middle ear anomalies associated with conductive hearing loss. We also provide data supporting the populations at risk for this condition to increase recognition and diagnosis of this rare autosomal recessive craniosynostosis syndrome.
Design and Synthesis of substituted oxazolones and their antibacterial activity

A great deal of work has been done on the synthesis of oxazolones. We have obtained 5(4H)-oxazolones by condensing anthracene-10-carbaldehyde & furan-2- carbaldehyde with a number of substituted benzoyl glycines, and tried to design new and effective anti-bacterial agents.
Das Leben nach dem Buch

Ungefahr am ersten Marz 2000 war mein erstes Buch fertig. Punkt. Literaturverzeichnis fertig. Ich hatte richtig Lust gehabt, mich zuruck zu lehnen.
High-yield synthesis of glucooligosaccharides (GlOS) as potential prebiotics from glucose via non-enzymatic glycosylation

This study demonstrated a high-yield process to synthesize glucooligosaccharides (GlOS) from glucose via non-enzymatic glycosylation in an acidic lithium bromide trihydrate (ALBTH, a concentrated aqueous solution of LiBr containing a small amount of acid) system. The single-pass yield of the GlOS was up to 75%, which was the highest yield ever reported. The synthesized GlOS consisted of 2–9 glucose units linked predominantly via α/β–1,6 glycosidic bonds (69%), followed by α/β–1,3, α/β–1,2, α/β–1,1, and α–1,4 glycosidic bonds. Preliminary in vitro fermentation tests indicated that GlOS could be utilized by select gut probiotic strains, suggesting that GlOS had the potential as prebiotics. The enhanced glucose glycosylation in ALBTH was attributed to the unique properties of the solvent system, including water-deficient nature, extra-high capacity of dissolving glucose, and enhanced acid catalysis. The LiBr salt could be recovered after separating the GlOS by anti-solvent precipitation and directly reused. This process provided a new approach for valorizing the biomass derived glucose into high-value oligosaccharides.
What Have Long-Term Field Studies Taught Us About Population Dynamics?

Long-term studies have been crucial to the advancement of population biology, especially our understanding of population dynamics. We argue that this progress arises from three key characteristics ...
Elder Abuse and Neglect

Older adults who are homebound may be at higher risk of abuse or neglect due to isolation and dependence on family to remain in the community. We present a case of Mr. B, a patient who is homebound with multiple medical conditions, who has family members who are suspected of using the patient’s limited finances for their own needs. Various options are available to tackle this issue in the community. Options for team and family meetings, guardianship, and legal involvement are all considered. Local services are also used in order to help manage Mr. B’s finances. Continued psychosocial and medical assessments are essential in order to best address the challenges of Mr. B’s ongoing care needs and potential financial abuse.
Two cases of pericardial tamponade due to nitinol wire fracture of a gore septal occluder

Percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is recommended for secondary prevention of paradoxical embolism through a PFO. In the United States, two Food and Drug Administration-approved PFO closure devices are currently available, and the choice depends on operator preference and PFO anatomy. Although these devices are easy to implant, there are several potential complications. As opposed to the Amplatzer PFO Occluder, there has been no published case of atrial erosion with Gore closure devices. This report describes two cases of pericardial tamponade due to perforation of the atrial wall induced by a wire frame fracture of the Gore Helex and Cardioform devices.
The Relationship of Online Social Networking and Various Psychological Behaviors

The basis of this study is to evaluate and measure the correlation between the amount of time an individual spends online social networking and their self-reported levels of loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress. With societies having increased connectivity, the researchers wanted to investigate how this affects our psychological functioning. This research is a follow-up study that targets a sample population of 189 people, over the age of 24, using a final scale that combined the UCLA Loneliness and DASS-21 scales. The final scale was created via Google Forms and was later published on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results for statistical significance were analyzed through Spearman Rank Order Correlations, ANOVAS and descriptive statistics to indicate correlations between social networking and self-reported levels of loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress from using both Facebook and YouTube platforms.
Using ResNet feature extraction in computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer on 927 lesions imaged with multiparametric MRI

In this study, we aim to develop a multiparametric breast MRI computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) methodology using residual neural network (ResNet) deep transfer learning to incorporate information from both dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and T2-weighted (T2w) MRI in the task of distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. This retrospective study included 927 unique lesions from 616 women who underwent breast MR exams. A pre-trained ResNet50 was used to extract features from the maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of the second postcontrast subtraction DCE series and the center slice of the T2w series separately. Support vector machine classifiers were trained on the ResNet features to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. The benefit of pooling features extracted from multiple levels of the network was examined on DCE MIPs. Three multiparametric methods were investigated, where information from the two sequences was integrated at the image level, feature level, or classifier level. Classification performances were evaluated with five-fold cross-validation using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as the figure of merit. Using pooled features extracted from multiple layers of the ResNet statistically significantly outperformed only using features extracted from the end of the network (P = .002, 95% CI of uAUC: [0.007, 0.029]). The multiparametric classifiers using pooled features yielded AUCImageFusion=0.85±0.01, AUCFeatureFusion=0.87±0.01, and AUCClassifierFusion=0.86±0.01, respectively. The feature fusion method statistically significantly outperformed using DCE alone (P = .01, 95% CI of uAUC: [0.004, 0.022]), and all three methods statistically significantly outperformed using T2w alone (P < .001).
High-throughput screening for efficient microbial biotechnology

Microbial systems have been widely studied and exploited through genetic engineering to address industrial needs and societal challenges. However, owing to their complexity, singular approaches often do not yield desired or optimal results, pushing researchers to explore combinatorial strategies. With advances in synthetic biology, various methods can readily be employed to generate large and comprehensive libraries. To serve as tractable tools, however, this capability necessitates the development of high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques to identify the best performing strain and/or those carrying the desired trait. Owing to their miniaturization, time efficiency, potential for automation, and so on, HTS enables comprehensive exploration of diverse experimental landscapes. Herein, we review the recent and novel HTS approaches and applications in the realm of microbial biotechnology.
Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients among young students in Changchun from 2005 to 2016

Objective The study aimed to investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of the reported HIV/AIDS cases among young students in Changchun City by analyzing the data of young students aged 15-24 years in Changchun City from 2005 to 2016 as well as the sentinel surveillance data of HIV/AIDS from 2011 to 2016, so as to provide the basis for the future adjustment of HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies for young students. Methods The data of HIV/AIDS among young students aged 15-24 years old in Changchun from 2005 to 2016 and the sentinel surveillance data of young students in Changchun from 2011 to 2016 were collected. SPSS18.0 software was used to analyze the data, and the rates and composition ratios were used in statistical description. Results In Changchun, the number of young students aged 15-24 years old showed an upward trend in HIV/AIDS cases, mainly in urban areas. Male was the mainly affected group with homosexual transmission as the major route. Conclusions The HIV/AIDS epidemic among 15-24 year olds students in Changchun was on the rise, and the transmission route was mainly homosexual transmission. Key words: Youth; Student; AIDS; Epidemiology
Risk factors for recurrent patellar instability in children and adolescents

Purpose: Acute patellar dislocation is the most common traumatic injury about the knee in younger active patients and challenging to treat. Recurrence rates are high and carry a substantial risk of irreparable cartilage damage and future patellofemoral arthritis. The goals of this study were to describe factors associated with ipsilateral recurrent patellar instability in adolescent patients after first-time patellar dislocation. Methods: The study included a cohort of 110 adolescent patients, 122 knees, who experienced a first-time patellar dislocation between 2007 and 2016. Information related to …
Socioeconomic Disparities Associated with Sepsis Mortality

PURPOSE: Disparities in healthcare related to socioeconomic differences have been well documented in adult medicine, but are less characterized in the pediatric population. Each year, more than 75,000 children are treated for sepsis in the United States, with up to 20% resulting in death. We performed this study to test the hypothesis that socioeconomic status is associated with the risk of mortality among children treated for sepsis in pediatric …
Saturation of cholesteryl esters produced by human meibomian gland epithelial cells after treatment with rosiglitazone

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the cholesteryl ester (CE) profiles expressed from human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs) in response to rosiglitazone-induced differentiation to that of normal human meibum. Methods HMGECs were cultured with rosiglitazone (vehicle control, 20 μM, or 50 μM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS, 2% or 10%) for 2 days or 5 days. Following culture, lipid extracts were processed and analyzed by ESI-MSMSALL in positive ion mode. CEs were identified using both LipidView 1.2 and PeakView 2.2 (SCIEX, Framingham, MA) and compared to literature reports of CEs in normal human meibum. Results There were 34 CEs with carbon number ranging from 14 to 34 detected from HMGECs. Across all conditions, HMGECs provided a CE profile that was 14.0% saturated, 60.6% monounsaturated, and 25.4% polyunsaturated. Culturing with 50 μM rosiglitazone and 2% FBS for 2 days resulted in the greatest number of upregulated saturated and monounsaturated CEs and downregulated polyunsaturated CEs. Five CEs were identified as being the most responsive to 50 μM rosiglitazone: CE 24:1, CE 28:1, CE 26:1, CE 18:1, and CE 22:1. Conclusion Although differences in the CE profile exist between meibum and HMGECs, rosiglitazone promotes upregulation of highly expressed meibum-relevant CEs and shifts the saturation level toward a more meibum-like profile. The use of rosiglitazone as a differentiating agent is recommended in HMGEC research, and analysis by ESI-MSMSALL is encouraged to differentiate meibum-relevant CEs from other nonpolar distractors detected by vital stains.
Extracellular Vesicles: Roles in Human Viral Infections, Immune-Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Applications

Membrane-bound vesicles that are released from cells are increasingly being studied as a medium of intercellular communication, as these act to shuttle functional proteins, such as lipids, DNA, rRNA, and miRNA, between cells during essential physiological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), most commonly exosomes, are consistently produced by virus-infected cells, and they play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. Notably, pathophysiological roles for EVs have been established in various viral infections, including human immune deficiency virus (HIV), coronavirus (CoV), and human adenovirus (HAdv). Retroviruses, such as HIV, modulate the production and composition of EVs, and critically, these viruses can exploit EV formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Consequently, EV production has been investigated as a potential tool for the development of improved viral infection diagnostics and therapeutics. This review will summarize our present knowledge of EV–virus relationships, focusing on their known roles in pathophysiological pathways, immunomodulatory mechanisms, and utility for biomarker discovery. This review will also discuss the potential for EVs to be exploited as diagnostic and treatment tools for viral infection.
489. A Case-Control Approach to an Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 on an Acute Stroke Unit in the U.S

Background: Detailed descriptions of hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission chains in healthcare settings are crucial to controlling outbreaks and improving patient safety However, such reports are scarce We sought to determine origins and factors associated with nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a 528- bed teaching hospital in Western New York Methods: The index patient, who had mental illness, wandered throughout the ward, would not wear a facemask, and was often kept seated at the nursing station, developed COVID-19 on day- 22 of hospitalization A case-control approach was used, wherein all patients, staff, and 128 randomly selected environmental surfaces on the outbreak unit (case), and randomly selected patients, staff, and environmental surfaces on designated COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 units (control), were tested for SARSCOV- 2 by RT-PCR and IgG SARS-COV-2 antibodies (SAR-Ab) Compliance with hand hygiene (HH) and COVID-specific personal protective equipment (PPE) was assessed Results: 145 staff and 26 patients were potentially exposed resulting in 25 secondary cases (14 staff and 11 patients) 4/14 (29%) of the staff and 7/11 (64%) of the patients who tested positive, and later became ill, were asymptomatic at the time of testing (Figures 1-2) There was no difference in mean cycle threshold for SARSCOV- 2 gene targets between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals 0/32 randomly selected staff from the positive and negative control wards tested positive PPE compliance based on 354 observations was not significantly different between wards Environmental surface contamination with SARS-COV-2 RNA was not different between outbreak and control wards Mean monthly HH compliance, based on 20,146 observations, was lower on the outbreak ward (p < 0 006) (Figure 3) 142 staff volunteered for serologic testing The proportion staff with detectable SAR-Ab was higher on the outbreak ward (OR 3 78: CI 1 01-14 25) Conclusion: The risk of staff exposure was higher in an outbreak setting than on a dedicated COVID-19 unit (Figure 4) Noncompliant patient behavior, decreased hand hygiene, and pre-symptomatic transmission can contribute to nosocomial spread and are important considerations for ongoing infection control efforts (Table Presented)
362. A Modified Early Warning Score Predicts Decompensation in COVID-19 Patients

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) results in severe illness in a significant proportion of patients, necessitating a way to discern which patients will become critically ill and which will not In one large case series, 5 0% of patients required an intensive care unit (ICU) and 1 4% died Several models have been developed to assess decompensating patients However, research examining their applicability to COVID-19 patients is limited An accurate predictive model for patients at risk of decompensation is critical for health systems to optimally triage emergencies, care for patients, and allocate resources Methods: An early warning score (EWS) algorithm created within a large academic medical center, with methodology previously described, was applied to COVID-19 patients admitted to this institution 122 COVID-19 patients were included A decompensation event was defined as inpatient mortality or an unanticipated transfer to an ICU from an intermediate medical ward The EWS was calculated at 12-hour and 24-hour intervals Results: Of 122 patients admitted with COVID-19, 28 had a decompensation event, yielding an event rate of 23 0% 8 patients died, 13 transferred to the ICU, and 6 both transferred to the ICU and died Decompensation within 12 and 24 hours were predicted with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0 850 and 0 817, respectively Using a three-tiered risk model, use of the customized EWS score for patients identified as high risk of decompensation had a positive predictive value of 44 4% and 11 1% and specificity of 99 3% and 99 6% and 12- and 24-hour intervals Amongst medium-risk patients, the score had a specificity of 85 0% and 85 4%, respectively Conclusion: This EWS allows for prediction of decompensation, defined as transfer to an ICU or death, in COVID-19 patients with excellent specificity and a high positive predictive value Clinically, implementation of this score can help to identify patients before they decompensate in order to triage at time of presentation and allocate step-down beds, ICU beds, and treatments such as remdesivir
Congenital Adhesion Band Presenting as Intestinal Perforation in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant.

A 231/7-week-old and 560-g-weighing premature male infant was evaluated on day of life 33 for increased frequency of bradycardias, bilious residual, and an increase in abdominal girth. Physical examination was notable for distended and mild tender abdomen. Investigations revealed pneumoperitoneum with dilated bowel loops and a normal acid–base balance. An urgent exploratory laparotomy demonstrated isolated jejunal perforation with an adhesive band extending from the omentum to the base of the mesentery. A segmental jejunal resection followed by an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The diagnosis of intestinal perforation was inconsistent with focal spontaneous intestinal perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis. Decision to perform exploratory laparotomy led to diagnosis of congenital adhesion band, a rare clinical condition, and the patient had a favorable outcome. This premature infant made an excellent recovery and the upper gastrointestinal (GI) study demonstrated that the anastomotic site was intact. He is currently tolerating advancing enteral feeds.
Automated Radiology-Arthroscopy Correlation of Knee Meniscal Tears Using Natural Language Processing Algorithms.

Rationale and Objectives Train and apply natural language processing (NLP) algorithms for automated radiology-arthroscopy correlation of meniscal tears. Materials and Methods In this retrospective single-institution study, we trained supervised machine learning models (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest) to detect medial or lateral meniscus tears on free-text MRI reports. We trained and evaluated model performances with cross-validation using 3593 manually annotated knee MRI reports. To assess radiology-arthroscopy correlation, we then randomly partitioned this dataset 80:20 for training and testing, where 108 test set MRIs were followed by knee arthroscopy within 1 year. These free-text arthroscopy reports were also manually annotated. The NLP algorithms trained on the knee MRI training dataset were then evaluated on the MRI and arthroscopy report test datasets. We assessed radiology-arthroscopy agreement using the ensembled NLP-extracted findings versus manually annotated findings. Results The NLP models showed high cross-validation performance for meniscal tear detection on knee MRI reports (medial meniscus F1 scores 0.93–0.94, lateral meniscus F1 scores 0.86–0.88). When these algorithms were evaluated on arthroscopy reports, despite never training on arthroscopy reports, performance was similar, though higher with model ensembling (medial meniscus F1 score 0.97, lateral meniscus F1 score 0.99). However, ensembling did not improve performance on knee MRI reports. In the radiology-arthroscopy test set, the ensembled NLP models were able to detect mismatches between MRI and arthroscopy reports with sensitivity 79% and specificity 87%. Conclusion Radiology-arthroscopy correlation can be automated for knee meniscal tears using NLP algorithms, which shows promise for education and quality improvement.
Primary Soft Tissue Chondrosarcoma

This chapter will review the epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis, staging, treatment, and outcomes of two tumors that occur as primary soft tissue tumors and share the name chondrosarcoma. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma comes from chondroid progenitor cells but histologically appears as a small round blue cell tumor and, unlike classic chondrosarcoma, appears to be somewhat sensitive to systemic therapy. It can occur primarily in soft tissue or in bone. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is an entity that despite its name is not chondroid in origin and, although it has high rates of local and distant recurrence, maintains a good survivorship prognosis. Unlike most soft tissue sarcomas or primary chondrosarcoma, it has documented responsiveness to both anthracycline-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The literature is mixed regarding response to radiation.
Micro-habits for life-long learning

Radiology is a demanding career that requires a thorough understanding of evolving knowledge in both medical imaging and technology. Competing interests such as—familial obligations, clinical practice, committee meetings, and research projects—often leave little time for self-care and regular review of current medical literature. Healthy habits can be difficult to maintain, but micro-habits are more manageable and their benefits compound over time. Based on the book, Atomic Habits by James Clear, we discuss a micro-habit toolkit which includes: a two-minute rule, habit-stacking, environmental cues, task prioritization/automatization, habit tracking, and accountability. We offer practical suggestions for radiologists to incorporate this toolkit into their daily lives to become healthy life-long learners.
Peer Support in Behavioral Health care: why it can work in the Latinx context

Individuals of Latin American background are less likely to engage in mental health care and underutilize mental health services than other racial and ethnic groups. The low rates of service engagement among the Latinx community in the United States (U.S.) can partially be attributed to service systems that lack culturally and linguistically responsive healthcare approaches. Research has shown that culturally centered interventions promoting Latinx cultural values report improved engagement and satisfaction in mental health care treatment and services. One culturally informed approach to effective engagement is using peer support; that is, the hiring of people with lived experiences of mental illness and addictions as peer supporters to assist those going through similar lived experiences. Research studies measuring the effectiveness of peer support approaches have shown improvements in the lives of those receiving peer supports, such as an increased sense of hope, quality of life, and well-being; decreased hospitalizations and ER visits; and decreased substance use and criminal justice involvement. Peer support within the Latinx context seems a natural fit given its shared collective values (e.g., simpatia, personalismo, respeto, confianza, familismo). This paper will discuss how peer support values map onto collectivistic values; and how Latinx values can be further infused in the training, development, and supervision of peer supporters to enhance culturally responsive care.
Role of Known Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Channels in Modulating Cardiac Mechanobiology

The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels have been described in almost every mammalian cell type. Several members of the Vanilloid (TRPV) subtype have been found to play important roles in modulating cardiac function through calcium handling and structure under both physiologic and pathologic conditions in their response to systemic and local mechanobiological cues. In this review we will consider the most studied TRPV channels in the cardiovascular field; TRPV1 as a modulator of cardiac hypertrophy; TRPV2 as a structural and functional protein; TRPV3 in the development of hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis; and TRPV4 in its roles modulating the fibrotic and functional responses of the heart to pressure overload. Lastly, we will also review the potential overlapping roles of these channels with other TRP proteins as well as the advances in translational and clinical arenas associated with TRPV channels.