cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha cell-surface receptors of liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells during acute and chronic alcohol administration to rats.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (NF-α) has been shown to contribute to the alcohol [ethanol (ETOH)]-induced alteration of hepatic function. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that the hepatic action of TNF-α could be due, at least in part, to alterations in TNF-α cell-surface receptors of hepatic parenchymal (hepatocytes) and nonparenchymal (Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial) cells. Rats were either acutely treated with ETOH by a primed, continuous 7-hr intravenous infusion of 20% (w/v) ETOH (30 mg/100 g body weight/h) or chronically fed an ETOH-containing liquid diet (5.2% ETOH, w/v, with ETOH as 36% of total calories) for 14 weeks. Control rats in the acute group were infused with sterile saline, whereas control rats in the chronic hroup were fed liquid diet containing dextrin to replace ETOH in isocaloric amounts. Three hr before killing, the rats were injected intravenously with Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide [(LPS) 100 μg/100 g body weight] or saline. Hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells were isolated after liver perfusion with collagenase (without pronase), separated by centrifugal elutriation, and used to determine the affinity (K d ) and capacity (B max ) of binding sites, using recombinant human-[ 125 I]TNF-α as the ligand. Two binding sites were detected on Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from control animals: a high-affinity (K d1 , in the range of 150-200 pm), low-capacity (B max , in the range of 2-3 fmol/10 6 cells) binding site and a low-affinity (K d2 , in the range of 2-9 nm), high-capacity (B max , in the range of 3-15 fmol/10 6 cells) binding site. One binding site was detected on hepatocytes isolated from control rats (K d1 =1.0 nM and a B max =95 fmol/10 6 cells). Acute ETOH administration caused an increase in K d1 , on both Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells; a decrease in K d1 on hepatocytes; and an increase in K d2 , B max1 , and B max2 , on endothelial cells. A second binding site on hepatocytes (K d2 =5.8 nm, B max2 =186 fmol/10 6 cells) was observed only in the ETOH-treated group after LPS administration. Chronic alcohol exposure markedly elevated K d1 and B max1 on hepatocytes. Overall, LPS-induced changes mimicked those induced by alcohol, except for a decrease in B max1 on Kupffer cells of rats in the acute treatment group. Also, the liquid diet containing alcohol or dextrin abrogated the high-affinity, low-capacity binding sites on both Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells, and low-affinity, high-capacity binding sites on the hepatocyte. After LPS administration, the high-affinity binding sites on Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells were reexpressed. These data show that: (1) ETOH induces changes in both the capacity (B max ) and affinity (K d ) of TNF-α cell-surface receptors of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells; and (2) ETOH-induced changes are consistent with an increased sensitivity of these cells to the action of TNF-α
In Vivo Utilization of Dihydrosphingosine-4,5-3H

SummaryDihydrosphingosine-4,5-3H, injected intracranially into nursing rats, was converted to sphingosine-3H, utilized for the synthesis of sphingolipids and dihydrosphingolipids, and catabolized with the incorporation of isotope into cholesterol and fatty acids from phospholipids and sphingolipids. Pathways of long-chain base metabolism are discussed.
L 'Histoire de Sàbé et de Ses Rois (République du Bénin)/ Nom, Famille et Lignage Chez les Sàbé (République du Bénin)

'Histoire de Sabe et de Ses Rois (Republique du Benin). MONTSERRAT PALAU MARTI. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1992. 345 pp., index, bibliography, glossary, English summary, tables, maps, summary in Spanish. Nom, Famille et Lignage Chez les Sabe (Republique du Benin). MONTSERRAT PALAU MARTI. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1992. 369 pp., index, bibliography, glossary, English summary, maps, summary in Spanish.
Attachment and Marital Maintenance

Is attachment theory a good fit for explaining differences in relationship maintenance? This study hypothesized that the secure attachment style would be positively associated with self-reported relationship maintenance, and that the dismissive style would be negatively associated with self-reported relationship maintenance. Further, it was proposed that individuals with negative views of others would be less likely to perceive their partner's use of maintenance. Survey data were collected from 179 married individuals. Results supported an attachment theory explanation for self-reported maintenance; a dismissive attachment was negatively associated with maintenance, and a secure attachment style reported was positively associated with maintenance. The fearful avoidant and preoccupied attachment styles were positively associated with the use of assurances, and negatively associated with the use of integrative conflict management and positivity. Finally, a dismissive attachment style was negatively associat...
Reconstruction of the human sinoatrial node

The superior vena cava and adjacent right atrium containing the sinoatrial node in each of five human hearts was studied histologically in serial section. The tissue block of a 41 year old man was reconstructed in four colors to provide a three-dimensional model of the sinoatrial node, atrial relations, blood supply and nodal configuration. The resulting model demonstrated the curved course of the compact sinoatrial node and the mural relations of its tapered superior and inferior ends. Microscopic measurements of the boundaries of the five human nodes yielded an epicardial to endocardial mean thickness in the compact body of the node of 1.6 mm, that of the lower node was 0.6 mm. The mean length of the five nodes was 7.3 mm. Such microscopic delineation of the node is more accurate than gross measurements and indicates that the size of this vital mass of pacemaker tissue in man is smaller than the larger measurements usually given in the literature. Small strands of nodal muscle fibers follow longer or shorter courses before they become continuous with the larger more darkly stained atrial cardiac muscle fibers. We found no histologic evidence within the human node, or along its periphery, of continuity between the small nodal fibers and very large atrial fibers.
Healthcare-associated infections are associated with insufficient dietary intake: an observational cross-sectional study.

Indicators to predict healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) are scarce. Malnutrition is known to be associated with adverse outcomes in healthcare but its identification is time-consuming and rarely done in daily practice. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dietary intake, nutritional risk, and the prevalence of HCAI, in a general hospital population.
Online document retrieval system education for undergraduates: rationale, content and observations

A course in basic information retrieval principles and use of online document retrieval systems is a curriculum requirement for undergraduate computer science students at Stockton State College in New Jersey. A combination of theory‐oriented lectures and online search sessions using DIALOG enables students to observe course principles in action. An undergraduate course of this type differs significantly in content from those normally offered in graduate library schools in one primary area; while most students in graduate library schools are presumably aware of the functions and issues of index languages and library operations, undergraduate computer science students need to be taught the basics of these subjects. A corequisite course insures student background in the design requirements of deterministic data retrieval systems. This background provides a useful framework in which to explore index language limitations and design features of document retrieval systems which must provide multiple access point...
Underway and Moored Methods for Improving Accuracy in Measurement of Spectral Particulate Absorption and Attenuation

Optical sensors have distinct advantages when used in ocean observatories, autonomous platforms, and on vessels of opportunity, because of their high-frequency measurements, low power consumption, and the numerous established relationships between optical measurements and biogeochemical variables. However, the issues of biofouling and instrument stability over time remain complicating factors when optical instruments are used over periods longer than several days. Here, a method for obtaining calibration-independent measurements of spectral particle absorption and attenuation is presented. Flow-through optical instrumentation is routinely diverted through a large–surface area 0.2-mm cartridge filter, allowing for the calculation of particle optical properties by differencing temporally adjacent filtered and whole water samples. This approach yields measurements that are independent of drift in instrument calibration. The method has advantages not only for coastally moored deployments, but also for applications in optically clear waters where uncertainties in instrument calibration can be a significant part of the signal measured. The differencing technique is demonstrated using WET Labs (Philomath, Oregon) ac-9 and ac-s multi- and hyperspectral absorption and attenuation meters. For the ac-s sensor, a correction scheme is discussed that utilizes the spectral shape of water absorption in the near-infrared to improve the accuracy of temperature and scattering-corrected spectra. Flow-through particulate absorption measurements are compared with discrete filter-pad measurements and are found to agree well (R 2 5 0.77; rmse 5 0.0174 m 21 ).
Sensitivity of the H + CH3 → CH4 recombination rate constant to the shape of the CH stretching potential

Abstract Using a potential-energy surface obtained in part from ab initio calculations, the H + CH 3 → CH 4 bimolecular rate constant at T = 300 K is determined from a Monte Carlo classical trajectory study. Representing the CH stretching potential with a standard Morse function instead ofthe ab initio curve increases the calculated rate constant by an order of magnitude. The experimental recombination rate constant is intermediate of the rate constants calculated with the Morse and ab initio stretching potentials. Two properties of the H + CH 3 α CH 4 potential-energy surface which significantly affect the recombination rate constant are the shape of the CH stretching potential and the attenuation of the H 3 CH bending frequencies. Ab initio calculations with a hierarchy of basis sets and treatment of electron correlation indicate the latter is properly described [13]. The exact shape of the CH stretching potential is not delineated by the ab initio calculations, since the ab initio calculations are not converged for bond lengths of 2.0–3.0 A [12]. However, the form of this stretching potential deduced from the highest-level ab initio calculations, and fit analytically by eq. (2), is significantly different from a Morse function. The experimental recombination rate constant is intermediate of the rate constants calculated with the Morse and ab initio CH stretching potentials. This indicates that the actual CH potential energy curve lies between the Morse and ab initio curves. This is consistent with the finding that potential energy curves for diatomics are not well described by a Morse function [12].
A multifaceted approach to teacher induction

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation and effectiveness of the components of two middle school induction programs through the perceptions of three participant groups – new teachers, mentor teachers, and principals. Effectiveness was defined as a systematic processes embedded in a healthy school climate that met new teachers' personal and professional needs. Data indicated that each element of the induction program – principal and new teacher interaction; mentor teachers; collaborative structures; professional development; and new teacher orientation – met different needs of the new teacher. This multifaceted approach appeared to effectively support new teachers.
Brain development: anatomy, connectivity, adaptive plasticity, and toxicity

The developing brain is inherently more vulnerable to injury than the adult brain because brain development is extraordinarily complex, with periods of unique susceptibility. When brain developmental processes are suspended or delayed by any external influence, virtually no potential exists for subsequent regeneration and repair. This inevitably leads to long-lasting or permanent consequences. Recent genetic studies have contributed to a better understanding of the dynamic adaptive changes that occur in the developing brain as a consequence of genetic and environmental processes. Many industrial and environmental chemicals such as lead, methyl-mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, arsenic, and toluene are recognized causes of neurodevelopmental disorders that lead to clinical or subclinical brain dysfunction. A number of these developmental disabilities arise from interactions between environmental factors and individual gene susceptibility. In addition, neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown origin, such as mental retardation, attention deficit disorder, cerebral palsy, and autism are becoming increasingly prevalent, with costly consequences for the family and society. The aim of this review is examine brain developmental anatomy, connectivity, adaptive plasticity, and toxicity in the context of current knowledge and future trends.
Identification of two estrogen receptor transcripts with novel 5′ exons isolated from a MCF7 cDNA library

Abstract Two novel transcripts of human estrogen receptor (ER) have been identified that differ in the 5′ untranslated sequence. It has previously been determined that an alternate ER transcript is generated from transcription initiated upstream of the main ER cap site (P1), and utilizes a splice acceptor site at +163. Here we report the isolation of 21 ER clones from a MCF7 cDNA library. Eleven of these clones correspond to transcripts that initiate at the P1 cap site, whereas the remaining 10 clones are derived from two previously unidentified ER transcripts (designated E and H) that both utilize the +163 splice acceptor site. A panel of breast and endometrial carcinoma cell lines were screened by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for expression of the E and H transcripts. It was found that all ER-positive cell lines expressed both of the novel transcripts. In addition, 10 primary human breast cancers were analyzed, of which six expressed the E transcript and five abundantly expressed the H transcript. These data indicate that expression of ER in human breast cancers can be dependent upon an alternate promoter at least 20 kb upstream of the primary cap site for ER.
High resolution SQUID imaging of current and magnetization distributions

Interpretation of high-resolution SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometer data is facilitated by inverting them into current or magnetization images. Different deconvolution algorithms utilizing the finite element method (FEM), spatial filtering (SF) and lead field analysis (LFA) are compared. The authors applied an appropriate algorithm to magnetic field data produced by current distributions in high-T/sub c/ superconducting thin films (TlBaCaCuO), by the diamagnetic magnetization of plexiglass and by planar and cylindrical current-carrying conductors with flaws. They demonstrate and compare the performances of the algorithms and conclude that, with all of the approaches, the deconvolved images are easier to interpret than the original field maps. The FEM and SF can both solve for discontinuous sources. The FEM allows the solution to be constrained with boundary conditions but it is much slower than SF, which cannot constrain the solution. LFA is numerically simple for complex geometries but it is slow and cannot deal with discontinuous sources. >
Division of labor in honeybees: form, function, and proximate mechanisms

Honeybees exhibit two patterns of organization of work. In the spring and summer, division of labor is used to maximize growth rate and resource accumulation, while during the winter, worker survivorship through the poor season is paramount, and bees become generalists. This work proposes new organismal and proximate level conceptual models for these phenomena. The first half of the paper presents a push–pull model for temporal polyethism. Members of the nursing caste are proposed to be pushed from their caste by the development of workers behind them in the temporal caste sequence, while middle-aged bees are pulled from their caste via interactions with the caste ahead of them. The model is, hence, an amalgamation of previous models, in particular, the social inhibition and foraging for work models. The second half of the paper presents a model for the proximate basis of temporal polyethism. Temporal castes exhibit specialized physiology and switch caste when it is adaptive at the colony level. The model proposes that caste-specific physiology is dependent on mutually reinforcing positive feedback mechanisms that lock a bee into a particular behavioral phase. Releasing mechanisms that relate colony level information are then hypothesized to disrupt particular components of the priming mechanisms to trigger endocrinological cascades that lead to the next temporal caste. Priming and releasing mechanisms for the nursing caste are mapped out that are consistent with current experimental results. Less information-rich, but plausible, mechanisms for the middle-aged and foraging castes are also presented.
Herpesvirus entry: an update.

The entry of herpesviruses into cells depends upon interactions of several viral glycoproteins with multiple cell surface receptors. Also, each herpesvirus may have evolved multiple pathways for entry into different cell types, as is evident for HSV and EBV. The broad host range of HSV is consistent with its use of cell surface heparan sulfate as a binding receptor and both 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate and multiple conserved and widely expressed proteins as entry receptors. The more limited host range of EBV (at least in the case of its B-cell target) is also consistent with its use of binding and entry receptors that are found together on very few cell types, chief of which are B cells. Much remains to be learned about the actual requirements for entry of these viruses into the target cell types that are critical for disease and about the mechanisms of virus-induced membrane fusion.
A theory of exact and approximate configurational invariants

Abstract A theory of integrable Hamiltonian systems in two dimensions is formulated and applied. The four-dimensional phase-space problem that is the vanishing of the Poisson bracket between another invariant and the Hamiltonian is here reduced to the solution of a series of two-dimensional configuration-space equations. (The theory is also applicable to more than two dimensions.) The constraints are found which admit to integrability of the orbits for magnetic or Coriolis forces as well as for forces derivable from a potential. When a system admits a given invariant, the invariant is found - for example, by quadrature. A number of examples including known and apparently previously unknown invariants are given. The theory of exact integrals of the motion also can be extended to the derivation of approximate invariants. The orbital structure of integrable or approximately integrable systems correlates with the degree (maximum power of the velocity) of a standardized invariant. The theory admits a variational principle, among other approximation techniques, for the computation of a “best” approximate invariant. The problem of the general cubic potential with one symmetric coordinate, V = 1 2 Ax 2 + 1 2 By 2 + Cx 2 y + 1 3 Dy 3 , (of which the well-studied Henon-Heiles potential is the special case for A = B and C = −D) is examined in detail.
Cell-Specific Regulatory Modules Control Expression of Genes in Vascular and Visceral Smooth Muscle Tissues

A novel approach with chimeric SM22α/telokin promoters was used to identify gene regulatory modules that are required for regulating the expression of genes in distinct smooth muscle tissues. Conventional deletion or mutation analysis of promoters does not readily distinguish regulatory elements that are required for basal gene expression from those required for expression in specific smooth muscle tissues. In the present study, the mouse telokin gene was isolated, and a 370-bp (−190 to 180) minimal promoter was identified that directs visceral smooth muscle–specific expression in vivo in transgenic mice. The visceral smooth muscle–specific expression of the telokin promoter transgene is in marked contrast to the reported arterial smooth muscle–specific expression of a 536-bp minimal SM22α (−475 to 61) promoter transgene. To begin to identify regulatory elements that are responsible for the distinct tissue-specific expression of these promoters, a chimeric promoter in which a 172-bp SM22α gene fragment (−...
Selective changes in single cell GABA A receptor subunit expression and function in temporal lobe epilepsy

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most prevalent seizure disorder in adults. Compromised inhibitory neurotransmitter function in the hippocampus contributes to the hyperexcitability generating this condition, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Combining patch-clamp recording and single-cell mRNA amplification (aRNA) techniques in single dentate granule cells, we demonstrate that expression of GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs is substantially altered in neurons from epileptic rats. These changes in gene expression precede epilepsy onset by weeks and correlate with profound alterations in receptor function, indicating that aberrant GABAA re- ceptor expression and function has an essential role in the process of epileptogenesis.
Pathogenesis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated development of lymphoma is associated with increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to environmental pollutants such as pesticides and dioxins leads to the pathogenesis of lymphoma and leukemia. Here, we show that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) resulted in loss of the programmed cell death (apoptosis) response in three different lymphoma cell lines, which plays a key role in the development of cancer, especially lymphoma and leukemia. The AhR-mediated inhibition of apoptosis in vitro was associated with a clear increase of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and deregulation of genes of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family involved in apoptosis including Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 in several lymphoma cell lines. Treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 and the AhR antagonist 3′-methoxy-4′-nitroflavone abolished the TCDD-induced resistance of apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, using micropositron emission tomography imaging, in vivo findings demonstrated that exposure to TCDD promotes the development of lymphoma in superficial lymph nodes of C57BL/10J mice, which was associated with a marked increase of COX-2 expression in the affected lymph nodes. The results indicate that AhR activation and COX-2 overexpression likely represent a mechanism of resistance to apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines that might be relevant for the development of lymphoma in vivo.
Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between a new smoking cessation therapy, varenicline, and digoxin in adult smokers

Objective This study investigated the effect of varenicline on the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of digoxin.
Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Abuse A Multidimensional Assessment of Four Different Forms of Abuse

Battered women are exposed to multiple forms of intimate partner abuse. This article explores the independent contributions of physical violence, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and stalking on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among a sample of 413 severely battered, help-seeking women. The authors test the unique effects of psychological abuse and stalking on mental health outcomes, after controlling for physical violence, injuries, and sexual coercion. Mean scores for the sample fall into the moderate to severe range for PTSD and within the moderate category for depression scores. Hierarchical regressions test the unique effects of stalking and psychological abuse, after controlling for physical violence, injuries, and sexual coercion. Psychological abuse and stalking contribute uniquely to the prediction of PTSD and depression symptoms, even after controlling for the effects of physical violence, injuries, and sexual coercion. Results highlight the importance of examining multiple dimensions of intimate partner abuse.
Implementing Service Learning into a Graduate Social Work Course: A Step-by-Step Guide

Service learning is a powerful pedagogical tool linking community service to academic learning. Several steps are necessary to implement service learning effectively into the curriculum. This study uses a case example as an exploratory study to pilot-test data on how service learning impacts student outcomes. The paper will (1) provide an overview of the literature on service learning, (2) explain a model for incorporating service learning into graduate social work courses, (3) identify specific student issues in implementation, and (4) demonstrate how service learning can enhance the outcomes for educational policy and accreditation standards competencies in an advanced organization and community practice course.
Marital Construction of Family Power Among Male-Out-Migrant Couples in a Chinese Village A Relation-Oriented Exchange Model

This study examines marital construction of family power among male-out-migrant couples in a Chinese village in Guangxi Province. In-depth interviews show that male-out-migrant couples prefer joint decision making. When couples are in disputes, power tends to go to the ones who shoulder greater household-based responsibilities; in this case, they are mainly married women. The couples achieve power—responsibility congruence by following relation-oriented exchange, which emphasizes spouses' obligations to the family and relational harmony, as opposed to equity-oriented exchange, which stresses the importance of comparative resources in one's ability to wield power. Consequently, family power among male-out-migrant couples is group serving and enhances marital harmony. However, married women's greater family power constrains as well as empowers them precisely because of the power—responsibility congruence. The unique power processes generated from relation-oriented exchange observed in this study are attribu...
Predictors of Health Information Needs among U.S. Mainland and Puerto Rican Caregivers

Stroke caregivers often do not have the information necessary to adequately manage the stroke recovery process at home. We explore how the educational needs of stroke caregivers vary by race, ethnicity, and place, and their association with caregiver characteristics. We surveyed 276 stroke caregivers living on the U.S. Mainland and in Puerto Rico to assess their educational needs related to stroke recovery. Caregivers report a high overall need for educational materials with Puerto Rican stroke caregivers having greater needs compared to whites and African Americans on the Mainland. Increased caregiver educational needs are associated with greater desire to institutionalize, less positive appraisals of caregiving, greater use of coping strategies, and greater burden. All caregivers can benefit from educational materials, but special attention to island-dwelling Puerto Rican caregivers may provide additional benefit. Future research and interventions should focus on tailoring educational materials for race...
Creating by Imagining: Use of Natural and Intuitive BCI in 3D CAD Modeling

From its inception, computer aided 3D modeling has primarily relied on the Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer (WIMP) user interface. WIMP has rarely been able to tap into the natural intuitiveness and imagination of the user which accompanies any design process. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a novel modality that uses brain signals of a user to enable natural and intuitive interaction with an external device. BCI’s potential to become an important modality of natural interaction for 3D modeling is almost limitless and unexplored. In theory, using BCI one can create any 3D model by just thinking about it. This paper presents a basic framework for using BCI as an interface for computer aided 3D modeling. This framework involves the task of recording and recognizing electroencephalogram (EEG) brain wave patterns and electromyogram (EMG) signals corresponding to facial movements. The recognized EEG/EMG brain signals and associated keystrokes are used to activate/control different commands of a CAD package. Eight sample CAD models created using the Emotiv EEG head set based BCI interface and Google SketchUp are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the developed system based on the framework. To further exhibit BCI’s usability, human factor studies have been carried out on subjects from different backgrounds. Based on preliminary results, it is concluded that EEG/EMG based BCI is suitable for computer aided 3D modeling purposes. Issues in signal acquisition, system flexibility, integration with other modalities and data collection are also discussed.
Effect of tracheal tube cuff shape on fluid leakage across the cuff: an in vitro study

Abstract Background This study compared the fluid leakage in the new ‘tapered’ shaped against the classic ‘cylindrical’ shaped tracheal tube cuffs when placed in different sized tracheas. Methods The 7.5 mm internal diameter (ID) tracheal tube cuffs—Tapered Seal Guard (TSG), Standard Seal Guard (SSG), Hi-Lo, Microcuff, Ruesch, and Portex Profile—were compared in an in vitro apparatus. Vertical artificial tracheas with 16, 20, and 22 mm ID were intubated, 5 ml clear water was applied above the unlubricated tube cuffs, and fluid leakage was measured up to 60 min. Data of tapered vs non-tapered tube cuffs (16 observations) were compared for each tracheal diameter using the Mann–Whitney test. Results Median (range) fluid leakage (ml) at 60 min was 2.14 (0.05–4.88), 1.14 (0.00–4.84), and 0.13 (0.00–1.32), respectively, for 16, 20, and 22 mm tracheas in the TSG tube studies when compared with 4.58 (0.44–4.88), 2.21 (0.00–4.81), and 0.00 (0.00–4.81) in the SSG tube and 4.54 (1.54–4.82), 0.90 (0.00–4.49), and 4.85 (4.40–4.99) in the Microcuff tube studies. Leakage in all polyvinylchloride (PVC) tube cuffs was almost complete (5 ml) within 5 min (P Conclusions The tapered PU tube cuff was as effective as the cylindrical PU cuffs in smaller tracheal diameters and was more efficient than the cylindrical Microcuff PU tube cuff in larger tracheal diameter in preventing subglottic fluid leakage across the tube cuff tested in this in vitro study. PVC tube cuffs leaked much more and faster than PU cuffs.
Clinic Staffing Patterns and the Pregnant Adolescent

The special problems of meeting the needs of the pregnant adolescent were studied with 52 patients in three clinics with different staffing patterns. Data were obtained from medical records and a patient knowledge and satisfaction questionnaire. Results indicate significant differences among provider groups (clinics) in eliciting patient satisfaction, although no differences in quality of care or patient knowledge were detected. Of the 52 patients queried, those expressing the most satisfaction with care were from the clinic staffed by a multidisciplinary team and those expressing the least satisfaction with care were from the clinic staffed primarily by residents. The other clinic was staffed primarily by nurse‐midwives.
Nutrition in the Surgical Patient

Nutrition in the surgical patient is a multifactorial, complex subject. Beyond the decision to feed enterally or parenterally, a surgeon must consider specific patient characteristics that interfere with the delivery of nutrients for useful and purposeful digestion and metabolism. Certainly the patient with postoperative ileus, a previous bowel obstruction, short gut, the trauma or damage-controlled open abdomen, or discontinuous bowel, to mention only a few special circumstances, has energy requirements beyond what is provided by maintenance or resuscitative fluids, and these examples comprise situations in which early feeding would inherently be of benefit. Certainly the patient with fistulization to the skin deserves focused discussion as this patient population, more than the standard surgical patient or the disaster, damage-controlled abdomen, has the additional complexity of nutrient and digestive component loss.
A phase I trial of bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor agonist, in relapsed or refractory non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

6567 Background: In vitro, bexarotene inhibits the proliferation of non-M3 AML cell lines and induces differentiation of leukemic blasts. This phase I study was designed to evaluate the safety of e...
Theoretical and Methodical Approaches to Studying Team Cognition in Sports

Abstract For most people, the concept of a team is most often associated with the context of sports. Sports permeate our society and are a critical form of entertainment for many. Fans of sports teams intently watch their team, often thinking little about the many complexities involved in any given team sport. Yet, the complexities are many, and one serious area that is historically understudied is the development of team cognition within sports teams. Sports teams are dynamic, in that they rely on both physical and cognitive dimensions of teamwork to be effective. A sports team does not only focus on strategy or developing a game plan to beat their opponent (cognitive), they must also execute this on the field of play (perceptual motor). The integration of both cognition and physical execution is dependent on the development of team cognition. Team cognition allows team members to develop an understanding of their overall strategic goals and implement them on the field. Thus, the development of team cognition within sports has the potential to greatly improve performance. Yet, to fully understand how team cognition develops within sports teams and its impact on and off the field, we need to study the developmental process more within this specific context. As with any domain specific area, conceptual/theoretical approaches and research methodologies must be identified as meaningful for the selected research context. This paper presents and describes theoretical approaches that are useful for studying sports and team cognition. Specifically, this paper explores and describes the theory of Interactive Team Cognition [1] as a perspective and approach to studying the development and implications of team cognition within team sports. As previously noted, sports are a highly dynamic activity and dependent on many functions (communication, coordination, collaboration) to be effective. The theory of Interactive Team Cognition directly aligns with these functions, acknowledging that team cognition is an activity (sports is) that is highly dependent on the context that it is occurring in. In addition, the theory also states that it is best to study and measure team cognition when the team is the unit of analysis. In this paper, we also present methods for how researchers can study team cognition within sports teams. The paper concludes with an overview of the potential to study team cognition within sports teams using the aforementioned approaches and methods.
The Stellate Burrow: A Large and Complex Trace Fossil in Holocene Carbonate Eolianites of the Bahamas

abstractLarge, complex burrows, informally referred to as stellate burrows, are present in eolianites of windward sea-cliff exposures facing Exuma Sound on Moriah Harbour Cay (Exumas, Bahamas). These cliffs consist of limestones (age <1,800 years before present) assigned to the Hanna Bay Member of the Rice Bay Formation and comprise three progradational lithofacies of foreshore, backshore, and dune deposits. Upper foreshore and backshore beds contain well-preserved specimens of Psilonichnus upsilon, fossil burrows of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata. The overlying eolianites exhibit typical physical sedimentary structures characteristic of coastal dunes, with the most striking feature being the abundant presence of stellate burrows consisting of a central shaft (∼3 to 7 cm diameter) and numerous upward-directed branches (∼1 cm diameter) with smooth, unlined walls that form a radiate pattern in cross section. Parallel central shafts commonly join at the base, forming distinctive U-shaped structures that rea...
Properties of a suggested commensurate monolayer solid of Kr/NaCl(001).

It is shown that a commensurate square monolayer solid of Kr/ NaCl(001) can be stabilized with a model incorporating a rather large energy corrugation amplitude. Then a square bilayer is formed under a compression and preempts the formation of an incommensurate triangular monolayer lattice. The lattice dynamics of the commensurate monolayer may be complex, because the modeling admits the possibility that it has a (2 × 2) unit cell with four Kr atoms.
Synthesis of the sex pheromone of the female Angoumois grain moth and its geometric isomers.

(Z)-7, (E)-11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, the sex pheromone of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), and its 3 geometric isomers were synthesized by using 3-octyn-1-ol and 6-chloro-1-hexanol as starting materials. The synthetic and natural pheromones elicited identical behavior in laboratory bioassay.
A Fourth Order Boussinesq-Type Wave Model

A fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type model with dispersion accurate to 0((kh)4) is derived. As an extension to the second order extended model proposed by Nwogu (1993), a new dependent variable is defined as a weighted average between the velocity potential at two distinct water depths to force the model to have a (4,4) Pade approximation of the exact dispersion relationship. The present model is similar to the fully nonlinear extension of Nwogu's model proposed by Wei et al (1995), except that the dependent variable is expanded in a fourth (rather than second) order polynomial in the vertical coordinate.
Mapping of QTLs for sheath blight resistance using chromosome segment substitution lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

In this study,a population of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs) derived from backcross between indica 9311 and Japonica Nipponbare was employed to map quantitative trait loci(QTL) for sheath blight resistance in rice base on the toothpick method.Three sheath bilght resistant QTLs(qsb8-1,qsb8-2 和 qsb8-3) were identified,which were located on connected molecular markers RM3262,RM5485 and RM3496 of chromosome 8.The genetic interval were 81.791.7 cM,91.7-108.1 cM and 108.1-119.6 cM,respectively.Additive effect of qsb8-2 was negative,indicating that susceptible parent carrying the fragment can enhance resistance to sheath blight.However,additive effects of qsb8-1 and qsb8-3 were positive,indicating that susceptible parent carrying the fragment weakened resistance to sheath blight.
Contact lens associated bacterial keratitis: past, present, and future.

Purpose: This paper reviews the medical history of the pathogenesis of contact lens related bacterial keratitis and its relationship to the development of successive generations of soft contact lenses. Methods: The Methods section presents a literature review and the author's personal experience. Results: Bacterial corneal infections have been a significant complication limiting the overall success of soft contact lenses for visual correction. Experience with different types of lenses has pointed to specific causes for the frequency of infection. However, there has been a general understanding that the health of the patient's epithelium, the patient's lens care practices, and the hypoxic effects of overnight wear each significantly contribute to the development of corneal infection. Conclusions: A complete understanding of the pathogenesis of contact lens associated bacterial infection would allow the development of strategies to prevent infectious complications of lens wear. Progress appears to have been made with a trend toward fewer and less severe infections. As the possibility of a reasonably priced daily wear disposable lens with better oxygen transmissibility and surface modifications to limit deposits and bacterial adherence evolves, safer lenses will continue to be developed.
The neo-Carnapians

This essay defends the neo-Quinean approach to ontology against the criticisms of two neo-Carnapians, Huw Price and Amie Thomasson.
Electromyography: Its Use and Misuse in Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Normal electromyograms and nerve conduction velocities have been briefly presented. Some of the factors that affect the outcome of the results of EMG and NCV testing have been enumerated. Although the approach of this article is negativistic, electrodiagnosis is a valuable tool to aid the clinician in many situations. Because of the many variables, careful interpretation of the results is essential, whether those results are positive or negative. The most important variable, the one upon which all the other variables rise or fall, is the knowledge and skill of the electromyographer performing the study. Choose carefully.
SU-A-BRC-01: Welcome and introduction to Student and Trainees Day

This year’s Annual Student Meeting consists of a panel of professionals who have pursued a traditional education in medical physics and have since pursued a variety of careers. These range from chief medical physicist, small business founder, FDA scientist, industry R&D scientist, and academic researcher. Each panelist will discuss their education, positions that they have held leading to their current one, and factors that influenced them to pursue their careers. Time will be left at the end of the talk to open the floor for questions from students and trainees. Discussion between the presenters and participants is encouraged. Learning Objectives: 1. The audience will learn about how to prepare for a career in medical physics. 2. The audience will be able to consider some of the widely different job opportunities open to medical physicists. 3. The audience will gain a better understanding of some future challenges facing medical physics graduates. N. Childress, I am the owner of Mobius Medical Systems, LP.
Chronic back pain after hernia and aneurysm repairs.

(1997). Chronic Back Pain After Hernia and Aneurysm Repairs. Hospital Practice: Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 185-188.
Ethical Issues in Group Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions

(1979). Ethical Issues in Group Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 65-67.
Hemodialyzer Reuse and Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections

Background Clusters of bloodstream infections caused by Burkholderia cepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are uncommon, but have been previously identified in hemodialysis centers that reprocessed dialyzers for reuse on patients. We investigated an outbreak of bloodstream infections caused by B cepacia and S maltophilia among hemodialysis patients in clinics of a dialysis organization. Study Design Outbreak investigation, including matched case-control study. Setting & Participants Hemodialysis patients treated in multiple outpatient clinics owned by a dialysis organization. Predictors Main predictors were dialyzer reuse, dialyzer model, and dialyzer reprocessing practice. Outcomes Case patients had a bloodstream infection caused by B cepacia or S maltophilia; controls were patients without infection dialyzed at the same clinic on the same day as a case; results of environmental cultures and organism typing. Results 17 cases (9 B cepacia and 8 S maltophilia bloodstream infections) occurred in 5 clinics owned by the same dialysis organization. Case patients were more likely to have received hemodialysis with a dialyzer that had been used more than 6 times (matched OR, 7.03; 95% CI, 1.38-69.76) and to have been dialyzed with a specific reusable dialyzer (Model R) with sealed ends (OR, 22.87; 95% CI, 4.49-∞). No major lapses during dialyzer reprocessing were identified that could explain the outbreak. B cepacia was isolated from samples collected from a dialyzer header-cleaning machine from a clinic with cases and was indistinguishable from a patient isolate collected from the same clinic, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 2 reused Model R dialyzers that had undergone the facility's reprocessing procedure. Limitations Limited statistical power and overmatching; few patient isolates and dialyzers available for testing. Conclusions This outbreak was likely caused by contamination during reprocessing of reused dialyzers. Results of this and previous investigations demonstrate that exposing patients to reused dialyzers increases the risk for bloodstream infections. To reduce infection risk, providers should consider implementing single dialyzer use whenever possible.
Does Listening to Customers Hurt Product Innovation

It is frequently asserted that listening to customers is not a good idea if a firm’s goal is to develop breakthrough new products. 1 Rather, managers are advised to rely on their own internal creativity in order to come up with really new products. I submit this is an extreme stance that oversimplifies the situation. I argue that listening to customers can help or hurt innovativeness of new products depending on which customers a firm listens to, what questions it asks, who in the firm listens to customers, and how they listen to customers. Done right, listening to customers can not only lead to breakthrough product innovation, but also subsequent success of the innovation in the marketplace.
Facile synthesis of Zn1−xCoxO/ZnO core/shell nanostructures and their application to dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract Heterostructures consisting of Co-doped ZnO nanorod cores encased in an undoped ZnO shell were successfully synthesized to serve as photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by a two-step chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. This yields a highly favorable structure in which electrons injected from the dye into the ZnO then step down in energy into the Co-doped core, where the electron is transported to the collector while the ZnO shell acts as a barrier to recombination with the electrolyte. Incorporation of the core/shell structures into DSSCs resulted in large improvements in photocurrent and photovoltage in comparison to pure ZnO nanorod-based DSSCs. SEM and XRD characterization indicate incorporation of the Co 2+ into the ZnO matrix, without separation of the Co into other phases, providing no energy barriers. In addition, the ability of these heterostructures to reduce recombination rates in redox couples with fast recombination rates was probed by comparing DSSC device performance in both iodide/triiodide-based and ferrocene/ferrocenium-based electrolytes.