cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis Provoked by the Oxidative Stress Inducer Menadione (Vitamin K3) Is Mediated by the Fas/Fas Ligand System☆

Abstract Menadione, or vitamin K 3 (VK 3 ), a potent oxidative stress inducer, has been recently used as an effective and remarkably safe cytotoxic drug for treatment of several human tumors. VK 3 induces apoptotic cell death through a poorly understood mechanism. Here we show for the first time that VK 3 -induced apoptosis requires the Fas/FasL system. Spleen cells from both Fas- and FasL-deficient mice (C57BL/6- lpr and C57BL/6- gld, respectively) had much lower levels of VK 3 apoptosis in vitro compared to cells from control C57BL/6 mice. VK 3 cytotoxicity toward mouse splenocytes was also blocked with a Fas-Fc fusion protein. VK 3 induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, coincident with an increase in both Fas and FasL expression. A FasL-resistant variant of these Jurkat cells was also resistant to VK 3 -induced apoptosis. Furthermore, because VK 3 effects were inhibited by glutathione, a potent antioxidant, oxidative stress was linked to the Fas/FasL system. Moreover, since the Jurkat cell lines were p53 null, the activation of Fas/FasL system after oxidative stress apparently acted through a p53-independent pathway. The therapeutic relevance of the K vitamins has been growing in recent years; our findings offer new insight for improving and expanding their applications.
Vectorized deblocking filter for HD H.264 decoding on Cell/B.E.

For high definition (HD) H.264 decoding, deblocking filter is one of the most time-consuming modules. This paper proposes several vectorization approaches to speed up it on a single synergistic processor element (SPE) of IBM Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) processor, by which great performance improvements are achieved. The average deblocking speed is 42.4 frames per second (fps) for 141 1080p H.264 video streams. The steady-going performance is obtained for different streams of various contents and bitrates. With the vectorized deblocking filter, the new HD H.264 decoder is able to decode two 1080p H.264 video streams simultaneously on PlayStation® 3 (PS3) in real-time. The proposed approaches are practical on many other vector processor platforms, but not limited to Cell/B.E. processor.
Rank Orders of Discrimination of Negroes and Whites in a Southern City

A modified version of Myrdal's "Rank Order of Discrimination Hypothesis" was tested in Jacksonville, Florida. No significant inverse relationship was found between white and Negro scales. Negroes ranked political disenfranchisement lower and segregation in public facilities higher than Myrdal postulated. Whites showed more resistance to equal job opportunities than predicted. D ESPITE the tentative and cautious manner in which Myrdal originally advanced his hypothesis of the rank order of discrimination, the validity of his admittedly impressionistic observations has been widely accepted but rarely tested by students of race relations. Among the possible reasons for this uncritical repetition of an hypothesis as if it were an empirically verified conclusion are: that it seems reasonable to other observers, and, (along with the theory of accumulation) it offers implicit reassurance that there is a relatively easy and gradual process through which discrimination could be abolished. Although Myrdal appeared quite confident of the accuracy of his impressions, he explicitly recommended that his hypothesis should be subjected to empirical verification. Yet Tumin, reviewing research on segregation and desegregation through 1956, reports only two studies in which sociologists attempted to do this.' Banks, in 1950, studied the rank order of sensitivity to discrimination among Negroes in Columbus, Ohio, using a sample of 200.2 He did not attempt to determine the whites' rank order of discrimination. The conclusion was that Myrdal's rank order hypothesis is by and large an accurate portrayal of the sensitivity of this sample of Negroes to discrimination. Economic discrimination did drop to third place, behind discrimination in legal matters and disenfranchisement, instead of ranking first as Myrdal postulated. Sensitivity to barriers against sex relations ranked in fifth rather than last place, with etiquettes governing personal relations dropping to the sixth and last
Clinical Laboratory Test Reference (CLTR)

As the healthcare system undergoes a transformation in scope and funding, there remain many unfinished projects which will be essential for the next generation of automated medical support services. The most demanding and labor intensive tasks for this new frontier deal with the accumulation of knowledge which can be used as a clinical database to support supervisory functions in a physician operated interactive care delivery environment. These databases will contain the worlds accumulated knowledge in specialized areas. They will be organized by topic or clinical service, and have significant impact on the quality of care as well as medical malpractice exposure. This article will describe a clinical pathology database that has been adapted for medical practice. The database contains information about laboratory tests and their interpretation. The data is structured for rapid reading and has references where indicated. The database can be used in a stand alone program or integrated into an information system within an application program. The files are reviewed on a continuing basis and quarterly updates are made available to subscribers.
μSR measurements of off-axis internal magnetic fields in anisotropic superconductors

A systematic procedure which enables the study of complicated internal field distributions is discussed. It is proposed that this may be useful for studying the fields due to the flux line lattice (FLL) of the high temperature superconductors. Moment distributions of the Fourier transform of the internal field components can be obtained. We have used the London theory as developed by Kogan and others to calculate the internal field distributions, explicitly including those field components which are transverse to the average internal field. We have used this to make estimates of the expected frequency dependence of these moment distributions.
Stability of higher-order Bragg interactions in active periodic media

The stability of waves in unbounded, longitudinally periodic media is studied for index and gain coupling. Time-independent periodic media are found to support both stable and absolutely unstable waves. The wave characteristics depend upon average gain or loss, coupling type, and Bragg order. The extended coupled waves equations provide explicit values of threshold, frequency, and temporal growth rate for instabilities at all Bragg resonances through the dispersion relation. Applications to multiharmonic periodicities and complex couplings are briefly discussed with particular note taken of possible reductions of the stability thresholds and removal of threshold degeneracies. Comparisons are made to the longitudinally bounded case of distributed feedback lasers.
Intensive care unit procedures: cost savings and patient safety

Intensive Care unit (ICU) management of critically ill patients often includes the requirement for tracheostomy and feeding access, most often a pecutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Although advances in ICU airway management include percutaneous tracheostomy, semi-open tracheostomy and conventional tracheostomy, the majority of critically ill surgical and injured patients still receive open tracheostomy in the Operating Room at Duke University Medical Center (DUMC). Although percutaneous tracheostomy is performed routinely in many medical ICU settings, in high risk surgical and trauma patients who often have unstable cervical spine injury and tissue edema, direct visualization of the cervical structures and trachea is imperative during tracheostomy. We have undertaken open tracheostomy and PEG in the ICU in selected patients as part of a collaborative, multidisciplinary ICU patient management strategy at DUMC. This initiative has been undertaken to address the risk of patient transport, the inappropriate use of OR time, and the cost to the patient as part of an effort to standardize and improve patient care.
Sacral intraspinal extradural primitive neuroectodermal tumor

Abstract Background context Intraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are an exceedingly rare entity. A recent literature research revealed 28 cases reported. Only a few tumors in the literature were extradural in location, in the cervical and thoracic spine. The average survival after combination treatment including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection is 20 months for the cases reported in the literature. Purpose We report a case of a patient with sciatica and cauda equine–like symptoms. Study design Case report. Methods Urgent sacral decompression and resection of the tumor was performed with rapid pain relief for the patient. Results Histology revealed a sacral extradural small blue-cell tumor, consistent with ES/PNET family tumors. An oncological workup revealed that the tumor presentation was metastatic with pulmonary and abdominal nodules. The patient underwent combination chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide with mesna for 4 months. Conclusions The patient was without disease after excision, two courses of 4-month chemotherapy, and one course of 5-week radiation to the sacrum at 2 years.
Chiral recognition by CD-sensitive dimeric zinc porphyrin host. 2. Structural studies of host-guest complexes with chiral alcohol and monoamine conjugates.

A structural study of complexes formed between a dimeric zinc porphyrin tweezer (host) and chiral monoalcohols and monoamines derivatized by a bidentate carrier molecule (guest) confirmed that their CD couplets arise from the preferred porphyrin helicity of 1:1 host -guest complexes. NMR experiments and molecular modeling of selected tweezer complexes revealed that the preferred conformation is the one in which the L (larger) group protrudes from the porphyrin sandwich; this preferred helicity of the complex determines the CD of the complexes. It was found that the porphyrin ring-current induced 1 H chemical shifts and molecular modeling studies of the complex lead to the assignments of relative steric size of the L (large)/M (medium) substituents attached to the stereogenic center. The assignments, in turn, are correlated with the sign of the CD exciton couplet that establishes the absolute configuration at the stereogenic center. Variable- temperature NMR experiments proved that the observed increase in CD amplitude at lower temperatures derives from conformational changes in the preferred offset geometry between two porphyrin rings.
Effects of Cold Deformation on Precipitation in Fe-18Cr-12Mn-0.48N High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

The precipitation behaviors were investigated during isothermally aging at 700°C and 800°C after cold compressed by 30% in thickness in Fe-18Cr-12Mn-0.48N high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel by using optical microscopy (OM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that precipitation morphology in cold-deformed sample is the same as non-cold-deformed sample, which also displays discontinuous cellular way. Cold deformation accelerates the precipitation of M2N phase. The precipitation occurs at not only grain boundaries but also twin grain boundaries in the experimental steel. In cold-deformed sample, besides the long-strip M2N precipitates, intermetallic phase-σ phase owning bct structure and lattice parameters of a=0.8800nm and c=0.4544nm were observed along grain boundaries and inside the grain.
Adjustment to adoption: A psychosocial perspective

Abstract The present paper focuses on the issue of psychological risk associated with adoption. A selective review of the research literature is presented documenting the increased vulnerability of adopted children to behavioral and psychological problems. Following this review, a new psychosocial model of adoption adjustment is described. The basic thesis of the model is that the experience of adoption exposes parents and children to a unique set of psychosocial conflicts or tasks that interact with and complicate the more universal developmental tasks of family life described by Erikson. It is further assumed that the extent to which parents acknowledge the unique challenges associated with adoptive family life, and the way in which they attempt to cope with them, largely determines their pattern of adjustment. In the final section of the paper, an elaboration of Kirk's social role theory of adoption is presented and linked to various patterns of adoption adjustment.
Effect of short-term exercise training on intramyocellular lipid content.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exercise training on intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and test the hypothesis that the effect of endurance-oriented exercise training on IMCL is dependent on characteristics of the population studied. Lean (N = 11, body mass index (BMI) = 22.2 ± 0.7 kg·m–2), obese (N = 14, BMI = 38.8 ± 1.7 kg·m–2), and type 2 diabetic (N = 9, BMI = 35.5 ± 2.5 kg·m–2) participants were examined before and after 10 consecutive days of endurance-oriented (60 min·day–1 at ~70% V˙O2peak) exercise training. IMCL and muscle glycogen were measured by Oil-Red-O and periodic acid – Schiff staining, respectively. The results indicated that IMCL was elevated (p < 0.05) in the obese and diabetic groups compared with the lean subjects prior to training. After training, IMCL content decreased (–35%) in the participants with type 2 diabetes; there were no changes in IMCL in the lean or obese groups. Muscle glycogen content was lower in the diabetic subjects than in the le...
Chewing through the Miocene: an examination of the feeding musculature in the ground sloth Hapalops from South America (Mammalia: Pilosa)

Hapalops, a smaller-sized and early sloth of the Megatheroidea, appeared in the middle Miocene Santa Cruz formation of Argentina. This genus is part of the group from which later, larger megatheroids arose, i.e., Nothrotheriops and Megatherium. Many cranial characters support this idea; however Hapalops is not merely a smaller antecedent of the later forms. Specifically, Hapalops retains short anterior caniniform teeth, and a temporomandibular joint elevated above the cheek tooth row; a combination distinct among sloths. An elevated temporomandibular joint occurs in Bradypus, a tree sloth with anterior chisel-shaped teeth instead of caniniforms, and the tree sloth Choloepus, which is aligned with the megalonychids, has anterior caniniforms. Hapalops has an elongated zygomatic ascending process that is reminiscent of that in Bradypus; however, the Bradypus skull is extremely foreshortened while that of Hapalops is elongated, as in nothrotheres, but not deepened as in megatheres. Previous work identified many sloth cranial character complexes, and functional limitations on skull feature combinations. The unique Hapalops character patterns indicate a selective feeder with a mediolaterally oriented grinding stroke during mastication.
Usefulness of preoperative exercise tolerance to predict late survival and symptom persistence after surgery for chronic nonischemic mitral regurgitation.

Exercise duration during exercise treadmill testing (ETT) predicts long-term outcome among asymptomatic patients with mitral regurgitation. However, the prognostic value of preoperative exercise duration in patients who undergo mitral valve surgery is unknown. We examined findings among 45 prospectively followed (average 9.2 ± 4.3 years) patients (aged 54.8 ± 12.0 years, 45% men) with chronic isolated severe MR who underwent ETT before mitral valve surgery to test the hypotheses that exercise duration predicts long-term postoperative survival and persistent symptoms within 2 years after operation. During follow-up, 11 patients died; of these, 8 had persistent symptoms. Among patients who exercised >7 minutes, average annual postoperative all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks were 0.75% (both endpoints) versus 5.4% and 4.8%, respectively, versus those who exercised ≤7 minutes (p = 0.003 all-cause, p = 0.007 cardiovascular). Exercise duration predicted postoperative deaths (p
Human urinary polypeptides with parathyroid-like activity.

ABSTRACT The in vitro rat liver mitochondrial phosphate uptake produced by polypeptide precipitates from human urine was determined in a variety of clinical situations to test its validity as a measure of parathyroid function. Normal values ranged from 0.8 to 7 μumoles P/24 hr. Four patients with proven hyperparathyroidism showed values ranging from 10.5 to 160 pinoles P/24 hr. Uptake values above the normal range were found in 3 patients with hyperparathyroidism associated with neoplasms, 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 1 with acromegaly. The assay did not distinguish between normals and patients with hypoparathyroidism. Chromatographic separation of the urinary polypeptides by gel filtration yielded one peak which produced mitochondrial phosphate uptake comparable to that observed with pure parathyroid hormone. The peak produced increased degradation of succinate to CO2 by mitochondria. Calcium was strongly and uniquely bound to the peak, which produced a modest calcium mobilization in the thyrop...
What Every Principal Should Know About Content Area Reading

Principals should ensure that reading is taught in content areas and should understand the strategies for teaching content reading so they may evaluate teachers more effec tively.
Hamiltonian dynamics of breathers with third-order dispersion

We present a nonperturbative analysis of certain dynamical aspects of breathers (dispersion-managed solitons) including the effects of third-order dispersion. The analysis highlights the similarities to and differences from the well-known analogous procedures for second-order dispersion. We discuss in detail the phase-space evolution of breathers in dispersion-managed systems in the presence of third-order dispersion.
Patterns of Work-Related Intimate Partner Violence and Job Performance Among Abusive Men

This study assesses different types of work-related intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and their relationship to perpetrators’ work performance and employment. We determine if groups of abusive men with similar patterns of work-related IPV exist and then examine whether the patterns are related to their characteristics, job performance, and employment outcomes. Participants were 198 adult men (60% Latino, 40% non-Latino) from batterer intervention programs (BIPs) who self-reported their lifetime work-related IPV and job outcomes. Five distinct clusters were identified and named based on the pattern (predominance or absence) of different work-related abusive behaviors reported: (a) low-level tactics, (b) job interference, (c) job interference with threatened or actual violence, (d) extreme abuse without jealousy and (e) extreme abuse. Analyses revealed significant differences between the clusters on ethnicity, parental status, partner’s employment status, income, education, and (among Latinos onl...
Design and Application of Online Calibration System for Automatic Verification Pipeline of Electric Energy Data Acquisition Terminal

In order to improve the detection ability of acquisition terminal, the design scheme of automatic verification pipeline for electric energy data acquisition terminal was proposed. It designed the verification units of automatic verification pipeline and developed the calibration system for dielectric strength test unit, function and error test unit. The testing software to issue test report was developed. The analysis model for calibration data was set up. The process of uncertainty in measurement for auto-measuring result based on GUM algorithm was specified. The results show that the power parameter of automatic verification pipeline can be accurately checked by the calibration system, and consistency of multi-leaving can be ensured. The calibration system is suitable to evaluate the reliability and veracity for the set of automatic verification pipeline. So it provides technical support for speeding up the construction of the electric energy data acquisition system and strong smart grid.
On Error Saturation Nonlinearities for LMS Adaptation in Impulsive Noise

This correspondence extends the analytic results in [N. J. Bershad, ldquoOn error nonlinearities in LMS adaptation,rdquo IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-36, no. 4, pp. 440-452, April 1988] to least mean-square (LMS) adaptation in impulsive observation noise. A scalar recursion for the weight misadjustment is derived for the white input data case. Monte Carlo simulations verify the accuracy of the theoretical model. The theoretical recursion is then used to study the effects of the impulse noise on algorithm convergence speed and steady-state weight misadjustment for a wide variety of parameter values.
Properties of Hung-Turner projections and their relationship to the eigencanceller

Hung-Turner (1983) projections have been proposed as a computationally efficient method of computing adaptive array weights. An exact relationship between Hung-Turner projections and the eigencanceller is noted, and used to analyze their performance. A simple and intuitive derivation is given for the expected SINR loss of Hung-Turner projections. This leads to a formula for the optimal number of snapshots (training samples). An expression for the expected sidelobe levels of weights computed using Hung-Turner projections is also derived.
The effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on porcine ciliary muscle cells in culture.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on the contraction of ciliary muscle cells. It has been proposed that PGs induce relaxation of ciliary muscle and facilitate uveoscleral outflow, and reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). The ocular response to PGs is complicated because the relative contributions of uveoscleral flow and the conventional outflow to lowering IOP and the type of PG receptors associated with ciliary muscle may vary depending on animal species. In order to obtain insights into prostaglandin receptors of ciliary muscle, ciliary muscle cells from porcine eye were grown in culture and characterized immunocytochemically with antibodies against smooth muscle-alpha-actin and PGE2 receptor subtypes. As in ciliary muscle tissues, positive immunostaining for alpha-actin and EP2 and EP3 subtypes was observed in cultured cells. Time-dependent contraction of cultured cells induced by 10(-4) M carbachol was recorded by taking sequential photographs and analyzed. Using this assay method, the effect of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha to inhibit the carbachol-induced contraction was studied. PGE2 showed potent inhibition of cell contraction; 10(-7) approximately 10(-8) M PGE2 inhibited 50% of full contraction in 15 min. PGF2 alpha at 10(-4) M neither caused cell contraction by itself nor blocked carbachol-induced contraction. The EP2 agonist 11-deoxy-16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 at 10(-4) M inhibited cell contraction but the EP3 agonist sulprostone had no effect. Dibutyryl cAMP at 3 x 10(-5) M inhibited contraction by 50%. In the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), less than 10(-7) M dibutyryl cAMP caused 50% inhibition. In support of the cAMP effect, the addition of 10(-4) M PGE2 to cultured cells in the presence of indomethacin and IBMX was shown to cause an 80% increase in intracellular cAMP concentration compared with the basal (i.e. unstimulated) level of cAMP. Stimulation of cells with 10(-4) M PGF2 alpha caused no increase in cellular cAMP. These results indicate that PGE2 receptor EP2 subtype, but not PGF2 alpha receptor, is involved in the inhibition (hence relaxation by inference) of carbachol-induced porcine ciliary muscle cell contraction. It awaits further studies to determine whether cultured ciliary muscle cells of other species respond similarly to different PGs.
Trained motor imitation by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

Each of two bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, was trained to mimic a set of behaviors on command. They were tested on transfer of the mimic command to a set of familiar behaviors which they had not previously been commanded to mimic. They were similarly tested on two novel behaviors. One dolphin demonstrated complete mimicry of 5 of 11 familiar behaviors; the other dolphin mimicked 1 of 9 behaviors. None of the mimicked behaviors was exhibited to an inappropriate model, suggesting that performance was not due to chance. Neither dolphin imitated the novel behaviors.
Linking a relational database of biological features to computer-aided reconstruction of tissue

The concept of harnessing the power of a standard mechanical computer-aided-design (MCAD) system (I-deas) for anatomical illustrations is explored, with ancillary information linked to the rendering by a commercial relational database (Paradox). The combined system is used to gather features found in tissue serial sections and to place them into a flexible database for further manipulation. Currently, the number of objects reconstructed by this system is limited only by disk space resources. Complex objects consisting, for instance, of bifurcations may be built from separate pieces. All Boolean operations found in the MCAD system are available for further dissection of the model. This database can be queried and then impressed upon the MCAD model for three-dimensional viewing. >
Perceptual Style and Instruction in the Acquisition of Qualitative Analysis of Movement by Majors in Elementary Education

This study examined the effects of videotaped instruction and perceptual style on 98 undergraduate elementary education majors' (77 women, 21 men) ability to learn to analyze movement by children. Scores from the Group Embedded Figures Test were used to stratify the subjects by quartiles. Students from each of the quartiles were randomly assigned to either the instruction or the control group. All subjects viewed a pre- and posttest and were separated for treatment. The instructed group watched a videotape of children throwing, catching, and striking while the control group did unrelated activity. A three-way analysis of variance gave significant effects for treatment, tests and the interactions of perceptual style and treatment and of tests and treatment. Instruction was superior to no instruction. The third quartile scorers in the instructed group had higher scores at posttest than those from the third quartile in the control group.
Eosinophil Deficiency Compromises Lung Defense against Aspergillus fumigatus

Exposure to the mold Aspergillus fumigatus may result in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, or invasive aspergillosis (IA), depending on the host's immune status. Neutrophil deficiency is the predominant risk factor for the development of IA, the most life-threatening condition associated with A. fumigatus exposure. Here we demonstrate that in addition to neutrophils, eosinophils are an important contributor to the clearance of A. fumigatus from the lung. Acute A. fumigatus challenge in normal mice induced the recruitment of CD11b+ Siglec F+ Ly-6G(lo) Ly-6C(neg) CCR3+ eosinophils to the lungs, which was accompanied by an increase in lung Epx (eosinophil peroxidase) mRNA levels. Mice deficient in the transcription factor dblGATA1, which exhibit a selective deficiency in eosinophils, demonstrated impaired A. fumigatus clearance and evidence of germinating organisms in the lung. Higher burden correlated with lower mRNA expression of Epx (eosinophil peroxidase) and Prg2 (major basic protein) as well as lower interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-17A, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and CXCL1 levels. However, examination of lung inflammatory cell populations failed to demonstrate defects in monocyte/macrophage, dendritic cell, or neutrophil recruitment in dblGATA1-deficient mice, suggesting that the absence of eosinophils in dlbGATA1-deficient mice was the sole cause of impaired lung clearance. We show that eosinophils generated from bone marrow have potent killing activity against A. fumigtaus in vitro, which does not require cell contact and can be recapitulated by eosinophil whole-cell lysates. Collectively, our data support a role for eosinophils in the lung response after A. fumigatus exposure.
WiMAX subscriber and mobile station authentication challenges

This article examines the subject of authentication within WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2009) based wireless metropolitan networks. The two WiMAX authentication mechanisms (PKM versions 1 and 2) are discussed and a number of aspects affecting their authentication capabilities presented. Of particular n4056792ote is the handling of digital certificates and the lack of multiple certificate authority support. This lack essentially prevents the interoperability of WiMAX devices produced by different manufactures. Proposed recommendations are presented that should improve how WiMAX authentication operates and allow for mixed manufacturer device interoperability.
Ultrastructural localization of rhodopsin in the vertebrate retina

Early work by Dewey and collaborators has shown the distribution of rhodopsin in the frog retina. We have repeated these experiments on cow and mouse eyes using antibodies specific to rhodopsin alone. Bovine rhodopsin in emulphogene was purified on an hydroxyapatite column. The purity of this reagent was established by spectrophotometric criteria, by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, and by isoelectric focusing. This rhodopsin was used as an immunoadsorbent to isolate specific antibodies from the antisera of rabbits immunized with bovine rod outer segments solubilized in 2% digitonin. The antibody so prepared was shown by immunoelectrophoresis to be in the IgG class and did not cross-react with lipid extracts of bovine rod outer segments. Papain-digested univalent antibodies (Fab) coupled with peroxidase were used to label rhodopsin in formaldehyde-fixed bovine and murine retinas. In addition to the disk membranes, the plasma membrane of the outer segment, the connecting cilium, and part of the rod inner segment membrane were labeled. We observed staining on both sides of the rod outer segment plasma membrane and the disk membrane. Discrepancies were observed between results of immunolabeling experiments and observations of membrane particles seen in freeze-cleaved specimens. Our experiments indicate that the distribution of membrane particles in freeze cleaving experiments reflects the distribution of membrane proteins. Immunolabeling, on the other hand, can introduce several different types of artifact, unless controlled with extreme care.
Exit, Voice and Money: Donor Behavior and Divisive Primaries

This study examines analyze the continuity of congressional donors between primary and general elections. We analyze all primary and general elections for non-incumbent nomination contests between 2000 and 2010 in order to determine (1) whether the fundraising base of the party nominee changes significantly and (2) whether the supporters of the losing candidate abstain or defect in their contributions during the general election. Our analysis demonstrates a sharp distinction between primary and general election donors. Candidates seeking the nomination of their party evidently rely on a very distinct basis of financial support, and turn to new sources of funds once they have won the primary. We find not only that the supporters of losing candidates do not generally donate to the nominee in the general, but also that a relatively small percentage of those who backed the winner “re-up” in the general election.
Acute and Chronic Mechanisms of Pain

Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.” Caregivers involved in pain management suggest that pain and the intensity of discomfort are whatever the patient states and should be managed accordingly.
An Aggregate Generalized Nested Logit Model of Consumer Choices: An Application to the Lodging Industry

In this paper, using aggregate data, we demonstrate the ability of the generalized nested logit (Wen and Koppelman, 2000; GNL henceforth) to better capture consumer choice under conditions where consumer tradeoffs among choice items is not ex-ante obvious to the researcher, and data on attributes of consumer choice are incomplete. We extend existing GNL models by using more readily available aggregate data (rather than individual data) while accounting for consumer heterogeneity and endogeneity of firm-choice variables. The empirical application is to the lodging (hotel) industry. The industry classifies properties on the basis of price tiers; it also recognizes that consumers appear to have two idea points (of downtown and airport) for location. However, it appears possible that a consumer might see a property in the same location but a different price tier as a closer substitute than a property of the same price tier at a different location. Hence for this industry, an ex-ante nesting structure based on price tiers or location alone might not capture the complexities of consumer choices. We find that GNL provides a better fit to these data than aggregate logit or aggregate probit. Our results provide managerially useful insights into who might comprise competition for any hotel, i.e. is it a nearby property of the same/different quality tier or is it a distant property of the same/different quality tier. We also briefly discuss the implications of consumer choices for firm profitability by estimating a supply-side model.
Differential Diagnosis of ARVC/D

Abstract In this chapter, we will describe in detail, the mimics of the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D). There are several disorders predominantly involving the right ventricular myocardium and leading to structural abnormalities that could be easily interpreted by inexperienced imager as these are consistent with the ARVC/D. We will focus on some of these pathologic conditions associated with the RV changes reminding those of the RV dysplasia and frequently reaching extent and severity requiring review of task force criteria. Disorders such as cardiac sarcoidosis, myocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, and some congenital abnormalities may be easily mixed up with the ARVC/D. Moreover, these disorders may lead to a significant RV and left ventricular (LV) fibrosis, and subsequent ventricular arrhythmias mimicking electrocardiography-based criteria of the ARVC/D. Serious diagnostic skills and knowledge are needed to carefully review the entire clinical picture and create a differential diagnosis list for all the cases when the ARVC/D is suspected. In this chapter, we will also describe normal variants and a few benign clinical conditions that may have CMR appearance of the ARVC/D. It is especially important in this regard to distinguish the disorder with a normal variant of the “athlete’s heart.” We provide a simple approach allowing to utilize the entirety of the clinical data in each case in order to come up with an understanding of the “posttest likelihood” of the ARVC/D vs. the ARVC/D mimic. Several clinical examples from the published evidence demonstrate diagnostic dilemmas and difficulty in differential diagnosis of ARVC/D, as well as the most effective approach to diagnosis in these patients.
Evaluation of a One-Week, Occupation-Based Program on the Health and Participation of Women With Cancer

Date Presented 4/17/2015This study investigated the effectiveness of a 1-wk, occupation-based program on functional performance of women diagnosed with cancer. Results demonstrate that participation in occupations improves the perception of performance and satisfaction for the participants.
DOES RECOMBINATION CONSTRAIN NEUTRAL DIVERGENCE AMONG BACTERIAL TAXA

A coalescence model for predicting the fate of neutral divergence among closely related taxa distinguishable as separate DNA sequence clusters is presented here. The model simulates iteratively the positive feedback between sequence divergence and sexual isolation among taxa, where increases in sequence divergence result in reduced recombination, and reduced recombination results in increased sequence divergence. Iteration of this feedback is continued until sequence divergence either converges on a steady state or reaches a runaway process. The eventual outcome of sequence divergence was shown to depend on four estimable population-genetic parameters: the expected intrataxon sequence diversity, the baseline rate of intertaxon recombination, the sensitivity of the recombination rate to sequence divergence, and the neutral mutation rate. The model can be used to determine whether neutral divergence among actual taxa is destined to stop at an equilibrium level, or whether neutral divergence will reach a runaway process. Application of the model to the group of taxa containing Bacillus subtilis and its closest relatives showed these taxa to be on a trajectory of unbounded neutral divergence from one another.
A seven-membered N,N ′-diamidocarbene

Condensation of N,N′-dimesitylformamidine with phthaloyl chloride afforded 1·HCl, which, upon treatment with base, afforded 2,4-dimesitylbenzo[e][1,3]diazepin-1,5-dione-2-ylidene (1), a seven-membered N,N′-diamidocarbene (DAC), in high yield (85%). The free DAC was used to synthesize four new, late transition metal complexes: [Rh(cod)(1)Cl] (2a) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), [Ir(cod)(1)Cl] (2b), [Rh(CO)2(1)Cl] (3a), and [1−AuCl] (5). The Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of 1 was calculated to be 2047 cm−1 from the IR spectrum of 3a. This TEP value is approximately 10 cm−1 lower than known DACs and 5 cm−1 lower than known imidazol-2-ylidenes, indicating that DAC 1 is a relatively strong electron donor. Additionally, electrochemical analyses of 2a and 2b corroborated the IR data obtained on 3a and revealed E1/2 values that were shifted cathodically by ca. 0.16 V when compared to analogous complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbenes. The gold complex 5 was found to catalyze the hydration of phenylacetylene...
Occurrence of Peromyscus

Studies of small mammal occurrence at high altitudes in the Sierra Nevada are uncommon, so the opportunity for even a short examination was welcomed. The period of August 17–26, 1954, was spent at lower Graveyard Lake, 9,900 feet, Sierra National Forest, Fresno County, California. This locality is approximately eight miles from the nearest jeep road. A northeast slope of approximately 45 degrees, leveling off near the top, was arbitrarily picked for the study. Nothing was known or was learned of the comparative characteristics of adjacent areas of other exposures and degrees of slope. The soil was granitic in its entirety and was gravelly in nature, except in the meadows where it was loamy in texture and contained some humus. As illustrated (Fig. 1), a low form of willow ( Salix orestera ) was common over the center of the plot, with meadow bordered by willow at the top. The common herbaceous species, in the meadow and interspersed in the willow, was Carex exserta . The sides and most of the bottom of the plot, as illustrated, were open, rocky, and almost bare of herbaceous vegetation. Small lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta ), an occasional white-bark pine ( Pinus albicaulis ), and …
Effects of serotonin on platelets of normal and B. pertussis-injected mice.

SummaryThe addition of ADP or 5-HT to stirred suspensions of mouse platelets in plasma incubated at 37° induced reversible aggregation, whereas histamine and catecholamines did not produce this response. Preparations obtained from B. pertussis-injected mice were more sensitive to the aggregative effect of ADP and 5-HT. Enhancement of aggregation induced by ADP or 5-HT occurred in the presence of E or NE but not ISOP. The addition of E and NE before or after 5-HT induced an irreversible type of aggregation while ISOP was ineffective. In the presence of imipramine or phentolamine, aggregation by 5-HT was suppressed; morphine did not seem to influence the response. Further, phentolamine, although inhibiting 5-HT-induced aggregation, allowed platelet shape change in response to 5-HT. Also, phentolamine inhibited the E and NE enhancement of ADP-induced aggregation but did not affect the ADP response per se. Finally, labeled 5-HT appeared to be taken up to the same degree by platelets from normal and B. pertuss...
Effect of thiazine, oxazine and phenazine dyes on normal and heparinized rabbit plasma.

SummaryA study has been made of the effect of 7 dyes of the phenazine, oxazine and thiazine series on the in vitro coagulation times of normal and heparinized rabbit plasma. Toluidine Blue, Azure A, Neutral Violet and Neutral Red effectively counteract the anticoagulant action of heparin but the amount of each dye required for this antiheparin effect is critical. At concentrations below the critical level the dyes had little or no effect upon the coagulation system studied. At concentrations above the critical level all the dyes produced a progressively increased incoagulability of the system. This anticoagulant effect of the dyes is related to concentration and the action is on some substance other than heparin.
Social media use in emergency management.

Objective: To identify and illustrate the range of strategies and tactics available for emergency managers using social media. Design: This study uses content analysis of more than 80 related journal articles, research reports, and government documents as well as more than 120 newspaper articles, identified through LexisNexis search queries. Results: Three strategies, information dissemination, monitoring real-time data, and engaging the public in a conversation and/or crowdsourcing, are available to emergency managers to augment communication practices via face-to-face contact and through traditional media outlets. Academic research has identified several message types disseminated during response operations. 1,2 Message types during other emergency phases have received less attention; however, news reporting and government reports provide best practices and inform this study. This article provides the foundation for a more complete typology of emergency management messages. Relatedly, despite limited attention in the academic research, monitoring social media feeds to accrue situational awareness and interacting with others to generate a conversation and/or to coordinate collective action also take place in various forms and are discussed. Conclusions: Findings integrate the fragmented body of knowledge into a more coherent whole and suggest that practitioners might maximize outcomes through a three-step process of information dissemination, data monitoring, and the direct engagement of diverse sets of actors to spur risk reduction efforts. However, these steps require time, personnel, and resources, which present obstacles for agencies operating under conditions of personnel and resource scarcity.
Quality of Movement for Athletes Six Months Post ACL Reconstruction

Objectives:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs evaluate quality of movement (QM) to identify and correct high-risk movement patterns. However, return to play (RTP) decisions...
Crowdsourced surveillance and networked data

Possibilities for crowdsourced surveillance have expanded in recent years as data uploaded to social networks can be mined, distributed, assembled, mapped, and analyzed by anyone with an uncensored internet connection. These data points are necessarily fragmented and partial, open to interpretation, and rely on algorithms for retrieval and sorting. Yet despite these limitations, they have been used to produce complex representations of space, subjects, and power relations as internet users attempt to reconstruct and investigate events while they are developing. In this article, I consider one case of crowdsourced surveillance that emerged following the detonation of two bombs at the 2013 Boston Marathon. I focus on the actions of a particular forum on reddit.com, which would exert a significant influence on the events as they unfolded. The study describes how algorithmic affordances, internet cultures, surveillance imaginaries, and visual epistemologies contributed to the structuring of thought, action, a...
A Rule to Forbid Bias and Harassment in Law Practice: A Guide for State Courts Considering Model Rule 8.4(g)

After twenty-two years of failed efforts to add a rule forbidding bias and harassment in law practice to the American Bar Association’s Rules of Professional Conduct, its House of Delegates approved one by voice vote in August 2016. Rule 8.4(g) will now move to the states. The goal of this Article is to aid state courts and bar groups as they debate whether to adopt Rule 8.4(g) as is, with changes, or not at all. Their deliberations should assess earlier ABA efforts to pass an anti-bias and anti-harassment rule, similar provisions now in the rules of American jurisdictions, and the legislative history of Rule 8.4(g) itself. Anti-bias and anti-harassment provisions in the ABA’s Code of Judicial Conduct will offer guidance. This Article discusses each of these sources of information and then identifies at least ten policy choices that must be addressed as the states review Rule 8.4(g). The Article also addresses objections to Rule 8.4(g) from religious communities and challenges under the First Amendment’s Speech Clause.
Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Skim Milk during Fermentation with Mesophilic Lactic Starter Cultures.

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow and compete with mesophilic lactic acid bacteria was examined. Autoclaved skim milk was inoculated with 103 cells of L. monocytogenes (strain V7 or Ohio)/ml, and with 5.0, 1.0, 0.5 or 0.1% of a milk culture of either Streptococcus cremoris or Streptococcus lactis . Inoculated milks were fermented for 15 h at 21 or 30°C, followed by refrigeration at 4°C. Samples were plated on McBride Listeria Agar to enumerate L. monocytogenes and on either APT Agar or plate count agar to enumerate lactic acid bacteria. L. monocytogenes survived in all fermentations, and commonly also grew to some extent. Incubation at 30°C with 5% S. lactis as inoculum appeared to be the most inhibitory combination for strain V7, causing 100% inhibition in growth based on maximum population attained. S. cremoris at the 5.0% and 0.1% inoculum levels, was slightly less inhibitory to L. monocytogenes at 37°C, but it was slightly more inhibitory to L. monocytogenes at the 1.0% inoculum level than was S. lactis . In general, S. lactis reduced the pH of fermented milks more than did S. cremoris . The population of L. monocytogenes began to decrease before 15 h in only one test combination, which was use of a 5.0% inoculum of S. cremoris and 30°C incubation. In most instances, growth of the pathogen appeared to be completely inhibited when the pH dropped below 4.75.
Implementation of Whole-Breast Screening Ultrasonography

Whole-breast screening ultrasonography is being increasingly implemented in breast imaging centers because numerous studies have shown the benefit of supplemental screening for women with dense breasts and breast density notification laws are becoming more widespread. This article reviews the numerous considerations involved in integrating a screening ultrasonography program into a busy practice.