cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood characteristics, trauma, and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in New York City

Purpose Neighborhood characteristics have been associated with morbidity and mortality in multiple studies; however, there is relatively little work on the relation between neighborhood characteristics and mental health. We assessed the longitudinal relation between neighborhood characteristics and the risk of traumatic event experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 59 neighborhoods in New York City. Methods We used data from a representative population cohort study (with three assessments) that followed residents of New York City by telephone between March 2002 and September 2003. The neighborhood characteristics were: median income, income distribution, environmental disorder, quality of housing, and neighborhood violence. We used five separate multilevel generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to assess the relations between neighborhood characteristics and PTSD. Results 1570 New York City residents were recruited in the cohort at baseline, and 1355 could be matched to their neighborhood of residence. Of these, 1120 (79.8%) completed at least two of the three interviews and provided the 3034 person-visits that were included in the analysis (female, 55.6%; white, 38.1%; African American, 25.1%; Latino, 26.0%; mean age, 41.7). Living in neighborhoods characterized by low income ( P = 0.003), income inequality ( P = 0.008), environmental disorder ( P = 0.002), deteriorated housing ( P = 0.03), and neighborhood violence ( P = 0.009) was associated with risk of PTSD in multivariable models adjusting for individual traumatic event exposure, and ongoing stressors. After also adjusting for individual-level characteristics and social resources, only income inequality ( P = 0.02) was still associated with risk of PTSD. Conclusion Characteristics of neighborhoods may increase the risk of PTSD independent of the risk of recurrent trauma. Other mechanisms (e.g., increased vulnerability to traumas) may be important in explaining the relation between neighborhood characteristics and PTSD. Individual-level factors, such as social support and race or ethnicity, which may affect vulnerability, likely mediate the relation between neighborhood characteristics and PTSD.
A perceptual assistant to do sound equalization

This paper describes an intelligent interface to assist in the expert perceptual task of sound equalization. This is commonly done by a sound engineer in a recording studio, live concert setting, or in setting up audio systems. The system uses inductive learning to acquire expert skill using nearest neighbor pattern recognition. This skill is then used in a sound equalization expert system, which learns to proficiently adjust the timbres (tonal qualities) of brightness, darkness, and smoothness in a context-dependent fashion. The computer is used as a tool to sense, process, and act in helping the user perform a perceptual task. Adjusting timbres of sound is complicated by the fact that there are non-linear relationships between equalization adjustments and perceived sound quality changes. The developed system shows that the nearest-neighbor context-dependent equalization is rated 68% higher than the set linear average equalization and that it is preferred 81% of the time.
Particles trapped in the Potential Well behind a Mesothermally Moving Satellite

Anomalous LF plasma oscillation by particles trapped in potential well behind satellite applied to ionospheric measurements
Nonmagnetic impurities in the spin-gap phase of the cuprates

Abstract It is now well established that Zn doping of high-TC cuprates reduces their TC and triggers the appearence of a spin-glass phase. In this context, we have solved exactly the problem of N nonmagnetic impurities in the staggered flux phase of the Heisenberg model which we assume to be a good mean-field approximation for the spin-gap phase of the cuprates. In this model, the quasiparticle spectrum has four nodes on the Fermi surface, and linearization of the spectrum in the neighbourhood of these nodes leads to a system of 2D Dirac fermions. In the presence of a macroscopic number of (nonmagnetic) impurities, the problem has a characteristic logarithmic structure that renders ineffective the usual perturbative expansions. We have used this logarithmic structure to calculate an exact solution. For a concentration ni of impurities in the unitary scattering limit, the additional density of states is found to be proportional to n i /(w ln 2 (|w|/D)) (where D is the infrared cut-off of the linearized spectrum) in analogy with the 1D case of doped spin–Peierls and two-leg ladders compounds. We argue that the system exhibits a quasi-long-range order at T=0 with instantaneous spin–spin correlations decreasing as n i / ln 4 (n i /R ij ) for large distances Rij between impurity sites. We predict enhanced low-energy fluctuations and compare these results to NMR and inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the high-TC cuprates.
March's Poetry and National Identity in Nineteenth-century Catalonia

In her article "March's Poetry and National Identity in Nineteenth-century Catalonia" Alice E. Popowich investigates the role Ausias March's (1397-1459) oeuvre played in the creation of a distinct national identity of nineteenth-century Catalonia. The sociopolitical implications of renaixenca and the romantic notion of Volksgeist are employed to situate renewed interest in March's poetry, while the study of reprints from the period allow reflections on the manipulation of March's celebrity in order to move political agendas forward in the establishment of the identity and culture of Catalonia. Popowich postulates that March's poetry influenced nineteenth-century literary rhetoric and politics whereby a regional dialectic was formed and that stood apart from Castilian hegemonizing of culture in the period.
A Phase I Trial of Intravesical Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Refractory Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Purpose: Up to 50% of patients treated with intravesical agents for high grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer will have disease recurrence. Response rates to current second line intravesical therapies are low and for these high risk patients novel agents are necessary. Our previously completed phase I trial showed docetaxel was a safe agent for intravesical use. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane®, ABI-007) has been shown to have increased solubility and lower toxicity compared to docetaxel in systemic therapy. Thus, we assessed the dose limiting toxicity and maximum deliverable dose of intravesical nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel.Materials and Methods: Inclusion criteria for this institutional review board approved phase I trial were recurrent high grade Ta, T1 and Tis transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder for which at least 1 prior standard intravesical regimen failed. Six weekly instillations of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel were administered with a modified Fibonacci...
Alkalinization prolongs recovery from glutamate-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by enhancing Ca2+ efflux through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in cultured rat forebrain neurons.

Increasing extracellular pH from 7.4 to 8.5 caused a dramatic increase in the time required to recover from a glutamate (3 μM, for 15 s) -induced increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in indo-1-loaded cultured cortical neurons. Recovery time in pH 7.4 HEPES-buffered saline solution (HBSS) was 126± 30 s, whereas recovery time was 216± 19 s when the pH was increased to 8.5. Removal of extracellular Ca 2+ did not inhibit the prolongation of recovery caused by increasing pH. Extracellular alkalinization caused rapid intracellular alkalinization following glutamate exposure, suggesting that pH 8.5 HBSS may delay Ca 2+ recovery by affecting intraneuronal Ca 2+ buffering mechanisms, rather than an exclusively extracellular effect. The effect of pH 8.5 HBSS on Ca 2+ recovery was similar to the effect of the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxyphenyl)hydrazone (FCCP; 750 nM). However, pH 8.5 HBSS did not have a quantitative effect on mitochondrial membrane potential comparable to that of FCCP in neurons loaded with a potential-sensitive fluorescent indicator, 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide (JC-1 ). We found that the effect of pH 8.5 HBSS on Ca 2+ recovery was completely inhibited by the mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+ exchange inhibitor CGP-37157 (25 μM). This suggests that increased mitochondrial Ca 2+ efflux via the mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger is responsible for the prolongation of [Ca 2+ ] i recovery caused by alkaline pH following glutamate exposure.
Simulation and analysis of biochemical systems: III. analysis and pattern recognition

In the study of problems in chemical kinetics in ordinary solution, reactions which may be represented by chemical equations of the form3 A + B = C + D (1) are represented kinetically by the differ...
Early adenosine receptor activation ameliorates spinal cord reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVES Adenosine receptor activation at reperfusion has been shown to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord, but the effects of therapy given in response to ischemic injury are unknown. We hypothesized that adenosine receptor activation with ATL-146e would produce similar protection from ischemic spinal cord injury, whether given at reperfusion or in a delayed fashion. METHODS Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups. All three groups, including the ischemia-reperfusion group (IR, n = 8), underwent 45 min of infrarenal aortic occlusion. The early treatment group (early, n = 8) received 0.06 mug/kg/min of ATL-146e for 3 h beginning 10 min prior to reperfusion. The delayed treatment group (delayed, n = 6) received ATL-146e starting 1 h after reperfusion. After 48 h, hind limb function was graded using the Tarlov score. Finally, lumbar spinal cord neuronal cytoarchitecture was evaluated. RESULTS Hemodynamic parameters were similar among the groups. Hind limb function at 48 h was significantly better in the early group (3.5 +/- 1.0) compared to the IR group (0.625 +/- 0.5, P < or = 0.01). There was a trend towards better hind limb function in the early group compared to the delayed group (2.4 +/- 1.1, P = 0.08). Hind limb function was similar between delayed and IR groups. Hematoxylin-eosin spinal cord sections demonstrated preservation of viable motor neurons in the early group compared to the delayed and IR groups. CONCLUSIONS Early therapy with ATL-146e provided better protection in this study; therefore, therapy should not be delayed until there is evidence of ischemic neurological deficit. This study suggests that adenosine receptor activation is most effective as a preventive strategy at reperfusion for optimal protection in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Laser beam-quality/aperture-shape scaling relation

Many high-energy lasers (HELs) have noncircular output apertures. Some are rectangular in shape with or without a central or noncentral (up to 30%) obscuration. However, most high-energy laser propagation codes (especially those developed for systems analysis) model the aperture as either an unobscured circle or as a circle with fixed (e.g., 10%) obscuration. We present a beam-quality/aperture-shape scaling relation which can be useful when applying these codes to realistic designs for HELs. Our analysis also yields a generalized formula for angular size of the Airy disk and definitions of a characteristic aperture length and aperture quality.
Medusa’s Gaze Reflected: A Darwinian Dilemma for Anti-Realist Theories of Value

Street has argued that the meta-ethical realist is faced with a dilemma. Either evolutionary forces have had a distorting influenced on our ability to track moral properties or evolutionary forces influenced our beliefs in the direction of tracking moral properties. Street argues that if the realist accepts the first horn of the dilemma, the realist must accept implausible skepticism regarding moral beliefs. If the realist accepts the second horn of the dilemma, the realist owes an explanation of the fitness producing nature of moral beliefs. As Street establishes the dialectic, the anti-realist’s explanation is better. I will argue that Street’s first horn is question begging then I will grasp the second horn of the dilemma and argue that only the realist can explain the role of moral beliefs in our evolutionary history. My argument will take the form of a dilemma. For our evaluative judgments to be fitness conducive, they must be responsive to the right sort of external world properties. The non-reductive realist can provide such a set of properties. On the first horn of the dilemma, the anti-realist cannot. The realist, unlike the anti-realist, can explain why our evaluative judgments are fitness conducive. The realist has won the explanatory battle. On the second horn of the dilemma, the anti-realist can provide a set of non-normative external world properties that our evaluative attitudes are responsive to. In doing so, the anti-realist has provided the heretofore-missing component of the reductive realist’s project. Again, the realist has won.
Effects of Na+ depletion, theophylline and 2,4-dinitrophenol on neutral amino acid influx and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels in chicken small intestine.

Abstract The unidirectional influx of neutral amino acids into the brush border epithelium of chicken small intestine has been studied. Tissues depleted of Na+ transported leucine, proline and glycine from a medium devoid of Na+ with a reduced maximal flux (Jm), while no effect was observed on Jm for β-alanine. This treatment had little or no effect on the apparent Michaelis constant for influx (Kt). Jm was partially restored when influx was measured from a Na+-replete medium following a reduction in tissue Na+. The presence of theophylline in the Na+-free preincubation solution prevented the reduction in Jm to varying degrees depending on the substrate. The presence of both theophylline and medium Na+ restored transport rates to the values found under Na+-replete conditions. Dinitrophenol (DNP) substantially inhibited the influx of all substrates inthe presence of Na+. In the absence of Na+, the inhibition of leucine and proline by DNP was again large, but no effect was seen on β-alanine influx, and the effect on glycine was diminished. The action of theophylline in maintaining proline in flux the absence of Na+ was abolished by DNP. Theophylline increased cyclic AMP levels in Na+-replete intestine. A reduction of tissue Na+ increased nucleotide levels almost 2-fold relative to the Na+-replete case, while treatment with theophylline caused an additional 2-fold elevation. In the absence of Na+, DNP increased cyclic AMP levels by 45% relative to a Na+-depleted control. DNP had no effect on nucleotide levels in the presence of Na+. The results are interpreted in terms of a model which envision roles for cellular Na+, cyclic AMP and oxidative metabolism in the activation of neutral amino acid influx in the chicken intestine.
Interoperability Technology Assessment

Abstract Interoperability between heterogeneous computer systems is vital to many types of enterprise applications where pressing new requirements may arise quickly and change rapidly. Achieving interoperability, however, is a complex task involving a delicate mixture of cooperation and competition. This paper assesses seven approaches to software interoperability in distributed environments respective of six evaluation criteria.
Solid‐state UV laser‐induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis

Two solid-state UV lasers were applied to the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of various groups of compounds after separation by capillary electrophoresis. These lasers are thermoelectric-cooled, highly compact, and inexpensive. Such lasers provide few mW of quasi-continuous wave (CW) power which are sufficient and stable for LIF detection. Native fluorescence detection of tryptophan-containing proteins and peptides and related indoles was achieved at the nM level with the laser operating at 266 nm. Detection of fluorescamine-labeled amino acids and peptides was also possible at the nM level with the laser operating at 355 nm. Amino acids at a concentration as low as 10 ng/mL could be labeled with fluorescamine. Solid-state UV-LIF detection of the tryptic digest of cytochrome c after fluorescamine derivatization was demonstrated.
Noradrenergic regulation of prolactin secretion at the level of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: functional significance of the alpha-1b and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes

Previous research has demonstrated that in the Siberian hamster, both photoperiod and estrous cyclicity alter the profile of noradrenergic activity with the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and that noradrenergic activity is correlated with changes in circulating levels of prolactin. Work from our laboratory has demonstrated an inhibitory role for norepinephrine (NE) acting at the alpha-2 receptor subtype within the PVN on serum prolactin levels; however, the functional significance of other adrenergic receptor subtypes on this system is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional significance of the alpha-1b and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes at the level of the PVN on circulating levels of prolactin. These experiments were performed in male Siberian hamsters using reverse microdialysis coupled with serial blood sampling. In Experiment 1, infusion of l-phenylephrine hydrochloride (alpha-1b agonist) initiated a dose-dependent increase in circulating prolactin, whereas infusion of chloroethylclonidine (alpha-1b antagonist) induced a significant dose-dependent decline in prolactin. In Experiment 2, intraparaventricular administration of propranolol (beta antagonist) initiated a significant increase in prolactin levels in a dose-dependent manner, whereas isoproterenol (beta agonist) induced a dose-dependent decline in prolactin. The results of this study indicate that both the alpha-1b and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes have a significant role in regulating circulating levels of prolactin at the level of the PVN in the Siberian hamster.
Visual attention in adolescents: Facilitating effects of sport expertise and acute physical exercise

Abstract Objectives This study investigated visual attention of adolescent orienteers and physically active adolescents non-practising orienteering both at rest and under acute sub-maximal exercise. It was verified whether the practice of orienteering facilitates the development of visual attentional abilities and whether orienteers, who are used to simultaneously handle physiological and cognitive-attentional loads, may better profit than non-orienteers from the beneficial effects of sub-maximal physical load on processing speed. Methods Both the focusing of attention at foveal and parafoveal locations and the orienting of attention at peripheral locations were investigated. In two discriminative reaction time (RT) experiments, a cue of varying size was presented centrally or peripherally and followed by a compound stimulus with local and global target features. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) varied between a short and a long interval. Results In both experiments, adolescent orienteers and non-practisers showed different patterns of attentional effects. Adolescent orienteers were more similar to young adults in the attentional performance, being better able than non-practisers to perform complex attentional operations involving the intentional zooming of attention in the central visual field and the orienting of the attentional focus in the peripheral visual field. Also, both orienteers and non-orienteers speeded up their performance during exercise, but this facilitation effect was more pronounced for orienteers, who are probably skilled in directing the available resources to task demands. Conclusions Our results suggest that cognitive expertise represents a key factor in sports that accelerates the development of visual attention and enhances the facilitating effects of physical exercise on attentional performance.
Molecular borromean rings.

The realization of the Borromean link in a wholly synthetic molecular form is reported. The self-assembly of this link, which is topologically achiral, from 18 components by the template-directed formation of 12 imine and 30 dative bonds, associated with the coordination of three interlocked macrocycles, each tetranucleating and decadentate overall, to a total of six zinc(II) ions, is near quantitative. Three macrocycles present diagonally in pairs, six exo -bidentate bipyridyl and six endo -diiminopyridyl ligands to the six zinc(II) ions. The use, in concert, of coordination, supramolecular, and dynamic covalent chemistry allowed the highly efficient construction, by multiple cooperative self-assembly processes, of a nanoscale dodecacation with an approximate diameter of 2.5 nanometers and an inner chamber of volume 250 A3, lined with 12 oxygen atoms.
Autonomous point-based registration of prostate gland tissue images

Three-dimension reconstruction of histological tissues requires accurate image registration. Designing an image registration system strongly relies on the nature of images; manual techniques suffer from a lack of precision and are heavily time consuming. Various automatic or semi-automatic systems exist to address this problem for particular images. In this paper, we provide an entirely autonomous image registration system adapted for prostate tissue slices alignment. This system involves an autonomous way of selecting control points to get precise registration combined with simple image preprocessing to obtain uniform results regardless of the image set variability. We also provide quantitative results based on mutual information and XOR metrics.
The Scope of Pediatric Nursing: The Interplay of Developmental and Psychosocial Needs With the Demands of Illness

Pediatric nursing research reflects the scope of pediatric nursing in an effort to better understand the dynamic interplay between the health, developmental, and psychosocial needs of children, adolescents, and their families in relation to the demands of illness. THE SCOPE OF pediatric nursing is broad, spanning developmental age groups from neonates, infants, and children to adolescents across the health and illness continuum, as well as within a variety of settings, including hospital, primary care and specialty clinics, home, school, and community. Children's developmental needs are interrelated with their psychosocial needs, and both are influenced by the demands of illness. Moreover, pediatric nursing has a dual focus on children and on their parents and families because children are dependent upon them to provide nurturance and care. This complex interplay of developmental and psychosocial needs with the demands of illness creates the context for pediatric nursing care. Pediatric nursing practice is characterized by providing care to infants, children, and adolescents; creating partnerships with parents; teaching parents about their children's health and how to manage illness (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2009); and providing anticipatory guidance (Hagan, Shaw, & Duncan, 2008). Educating parents about their child's health and psychosocial and developmental needs is an essential element of pediatric nursing practice (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2009) and improves parenting ability and quality of life (Christian, 2010a). Best practices for pediatric nursing integrate the health, developmental, and psychosocial needs of children with the demands of illness to provide the best quality of care for children, adolescents, and their families (Christian, 2010b). To that end, nursing research with children and adolescents reflects this breadth and depth of the scope of pediatric nursing practice in an effort to better understand the dynamic interplay between the health, developmental, and
Observation of bistability in cyclic voltammetric experiments on ethanol, propanol, butanol and formic acid/formate

Abstract The effects of varying the lower potential limit were studied in cyclic voltammetric experiments conducted on several electrocatalysed oxidation processes: the oxidation of formic acid/formate, ethanol, propanol and butanol. In an acidic medium, each oxidation process, subjected to a cycling potential, exhibited a bistable response over a range of values in the lower potential limit. Within the region of bistability, two different cyclic voltammograms, one with a relatively large amplitude and one with a small amplitude, were found to coexist. Experiments conducted on the oxidation of butanol revealed that the region of bistability decreases in size with respect to increases in the alkalinity of the solution; a result that is consistent with the description of bistability provided by the theory of catastrophes. The cause of the cyclic voltammetric bistability is explained in terms of a nonlinear feedback mechanism involving a reaction between strongly bound carbon monoxide and oxides. The reaction couples an indirect path of the oxidation processes to the process by which an oxide layer is formed.
Effective costs of rural loans in Bangladesh

Abstract The paper compares transaction costs of borrowing from both formal and informal sources in rural Bangladesh and finds that transaction costs of loans from formal lenders are higher than those of loans from informal lenders. Transaction costs per taka of loan decrease with loan size, but much faster for formal than for informal loans. The effective costs of loans are calculated to show that for small loans, the effective costs of formal loans were higher than those of informal loans, while for large loans the formal loans were cheaper than informal loans. Thus large borrowers benefit from the subsidy in the formal credit market.
SimPackJ/S: a web-oriented toolkit for discrete event simulation

SimPackJ/S is the JavaScript and Java version of SimPack, which means SimPackJ/S is a collection of JavaScript and Java libraries and executable programs for computer simulations. The main purpose of creating SimPackJ/S is that we allow existing SimPack users to expand simulation areas and provide future users with a freeware simulation toolkit to simulate and model a system in web environments. One of the goals for this paper is to introduce SimPackJ/S. The other goal is to propose translation rules for converting C to JavaScript and Java. Most parts demonstrate the translation rules with examples. In addition, we discuss a 3D dynamic system model and overview an approach to 3D dynamic systems using SimPackJ/S. We explain an interface between SimPackJ/S and the 3D language--Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). This paper documents how to translate C to JavaScript and Java and how to utilize SimPackJ/S within a 3D web environment.
Prognostic utility of epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression in endometrial adenocarcinoma

Background. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods. A retrospective analytic study was designed to investigate its prognostic utility. Sixty-nine patients were studied with cell types that included endometrioid (n = 45), papillary serous (n = 16), and clear cell (n = 8). Patients' medical charts and survival data were reviewed. Assessment of EGFR overexpression was done at the protein level by the use of an anti-EGFR polyclonal antibody that reacts with the cytoplasmic membrane glycoprotein receptor in paraffin-embedded tissues. Results. EGFR was overexpressed in 34 (49%) patients in whom immunoreactivity was limited to neoplastic cells. Initial bivariate analysis revealed significant correlations between EGFR immunoreactivity and histologic grade (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), metastasis (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), cell type (r = 0.30, P < 0.01), myometrial invasion (r = 0.30, P < 0.01), and patient age (r = 0.30, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that EGFR overexpression and nonendometrioid cell types are two independent statistically significant markers for the presence of metastases. EGFR immunoreactivity can significantly predict myometrial invasion, but after controlling for the histologic grade, its ability of significantly predict invasion was lost. EGFR overexpression was shown to be a statistically significant predictor of survival, even after controlling for patient age, histologic grade, and cell type. Conclusions. Expression of this oncoprotein may serve as an independent prognostic indicator and a guide to therapy in patients with endometrial cancer.
The ATM/ATR Signaling Effector Chk2 Is Targeted by Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3C To Release the G2/M Cell Cycle Block

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most of the human population and persists in B lymphocytes for the lifetime of the host. The establishment of latent infection by EBV requires the expression of a unique repertoire of genes. The product of one of these viral genes, the EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C), is essential for the growth transformation of primary B lymphocytes in vitro and can regulate the transcription of a number of viral and cellular genes important for the immortalization process. This study demonstrates an associated function of EBNA3C which involves the disruption of the G 2 /M cell cycle checkpoint. We show that EBNA3C-expressing lymphoblastoid cell lines treated with the drug nocodazole, which is known to block cells at the G 2 /M transition, did not show a G 2 /M-specific checkpoint arrest. Analyses of the cell cycles of cells expressing EBNA3C demonstrated that the expression of this essential EBV nuclear antigen is capable of releasing the G 2 /M checkpoint arrest induced by nocodazole. This G 2 /M arrest in response to nocodazole was also abolished by caffeine, suggesting an involvement of the ATM/ATR signaling pathway in the regulation of this cell cycle checkpoint. Importantly, we show that the direct interaction of EBNA3C with Chk2, the ATM/ATR signaling effector, is responsible for the release of this nocodazole-induced G 2 /M arrest and that this interaction leads to the serine 216 phosphorylation of Cdc25c, which is sequestered in the cytoplasm by 14-3-3. Overall, our data suggest that EBNA3C can directly regulate the G 2 /M component of the host cell cycle machinery, allowing for the release of the checkpoint block.
Comparing the Chinese Career Key and the Self-Directed Search With High School Girls in Hong Kong:

A career interest inventory, the Chinese Career Key (CCK) adapted from the Career Key based on Holland's theory of vocational choice, was studied. The purpose of the study was to further examine the psychometric qualities and user satisfaction of the CCK by comparing it to the Self-Directed Search. Students at a girls' public high school (N = 130) in Hong Kong participated in the study. The research findings provided further evidence of validity, reliability, and user satisfaction among students in Hong Kong. Cultural differences, limitations, and implications for future studies and counseling practice are discussed.
DERIVATION OF OPTIMAL LIVESTOCK RATIONS USING QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING

Linear programming has been used extensively as a procedure for formulating least-cost livestock rations. More recently attention has heen focused on the incorporation of information on animal performance into the linear programming derivation of optimum livestock rations. Where the production is a quadratic function of nutrient inputs and where there are a large number of possible ration ingredients, parametric quadratic programming is shown to be an efficient computational technique for the derivation of “expansion path” rations. The region of economic interest along the expansion path is identified for the liveweight gain interval described by the production function. The rise of information contained in programming solutions to evaluate the economic significance of nutrient requirements and to aid in the search for possible ration ingredients is briefly discussed.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Education

This paper is on educational program focused on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (HFCT) in Engineering Technology Department (ENT) jointly with the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) at University of Central Florida (UCF). The HFCT Program intends to support the need for educated graduates that comprise the next generation workforce needed for research, development, and demonstration activities in government, industry, and academia. The program includes the development and delivery of undergraduate courses at Engineering Technology Department and FSEC within the ABET accredited Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology program. The mode of course offering is both in class and on line, which will increase the number of students. The program facilitates are located at College of Engineering and Computer Science and at FSEC. The Florida Solar Energy Center has been conducting hydrogen and fuel cell research for 25 years and FSEC has dedicated facilities and a selection of unique laboratory equipment that will be made available to the students for this project. These attributes will allow the students to be trained on the state-of-the-art equipment and facilities. Both ENT and FSEC faculties will participate in the teaching and training of the prospective students.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Interaction of HIV-1 Tat with Puralpha in nuclei of human glial cells: characterization of RNA-mediated protein-protein binding.

A complex between the Tat protein, encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the cellular protein, Purα, has been implicated in activation of the late promoter of JC virus (JCV) and in enhancement of JCV DNA replication. JCV is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) opportunistic infection of the brain. Purα also binds the HIV-1 TAR RNA element and activates HIV-1 transcription, suggesting a role for RNA binding in the action of this protein. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we find that in human glial cells expressing both proteins, Tat and Purα are colocalized in extranucleolar chromatin structural elements. The colocalized Purα and Tat are nearly exclusively nuclear, although individual proteins can be seen in both nucleus and cytoplasm, suggesting a preferential tropism of the complex for the nucleus. Analysis of the interaction between purified proteins indicates that the Tat-Purα interaction is strongly enhanced by the presence of RNA. Tat amino acids from 37–48 are essential for Tat binding. Residues 49–72, including the TAR RNA-binding domain, are critical for binding to Purα, while Cys22, in the Tat transactivation domain, is responsible for an important global effect. Purα repeat II domains are involved in the interaction, and a polypeptide based on one such sequence inhibits binding. After RNase treatment of Purα enhancement of Tat binding can be partially restored by addition of a single-stranded JCV DNA PUR element, to which Tat does not bind. The results indicate that the Tat-Purα interaction is direct, rather than through an RNA link, and that RNA binding configures Purα for optimal interaction with Tat. J. Cell. Biochem. 77:65–74, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Resistance to azole drugs in Neurospora crassa.

Abstract Staben, C. 1995. Resistance to azole drugs in Neurospora crassa. Experimental Mycology 19: 163-165. Neurospora crassa was susceptible to azole drugs: ketoconazole (MIC 1 μg/ml), fluconazole (MIC 5 μg/ml), and SCH39304 (MIC 5 μg/ml). Mutants of N. crassa resistant to ketoconazole were selected and genetically characterized. The seven characterized resistance mutations represented at least four genetic loci. Some mutants, but not all, were also resistant to fluconazole and to SCH39304.
Antibody response and subunit structure of calf lens alpha crystallin

Abstract The role of SH-containing (acidic) and SH-free (basic) subunits of calf alpha cystallin in the antibody response to the native protein was investigated. The urea solutions of SH-containing subunits were quantitatively separated from SH-free subunits on a mercurial affinity column. The separated subunits were bound to aminoethyl sulfyhydryl Sepharose in their reaggregated form (in H 2 O solution) or in their monomeric form (in urea solution) and then used after removal of urea. Comparison of the relative 125 I-labeled alpha crystallin antibody binding by the above immunoadsorbents directly showed that 9.8% of all anti-calf alpha crystallin antibodies were directed to antigenic determinants present on the monomeric form of SH-containing subunits and 34.4% of the antibodies were directed to antigenic determinants dependent on the reaggregation of the same subunits. By comparison, 6.4% of the antibodies reacted with antigenic determinants on the monomeric form of SH-free subunits and only 4.0% reacted with antigenic determinants dependent on reaggregation of the subunits 45.2% of antibodies formed to calf alpha crystallin were directed to antigenic determinants dependent on the cooperation of both types of subunits. The relationship between antigenic determinants expressed on monomeric forms of subunits or dependents on their reaggregation and sequential or conformational determinants is discussed.
Theoretical study of resonant ultrashort-pulse propagation in semiconductors

Femtosecond-pulse propagation in resonantly excited semiconductors is investigated by numerically solving the semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations for plane waves. For excitation at the exciton resonance, it is shown that the pulse absorption exhibits a strongly nonlinear dependence on the input pulse area. Very long propagation distances for strong pulses are observed, but even when all dephasing processes have been neglected, no lossless propagation (self-induced transparency) was found. The influence of the electron-hole many-body effects, nonequilibrium carrier relaxation, and optical dephasing on the pulse-propagation dynamics is studied
Grazing Intensity and Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Litter Responses in ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass Pastures: II. Decomposition and Nitrogen Mineralization

ABSTRACT In many grassland ecosystems, nutrient cycling via plant litter is important for plant growth and persistence. Understanding dynamics of litter decomposition and nutrient release under diff erent management practices is critical to understanding nutrient cycling in grasslands, but this topic has received relatively little attention in C 4 grass pastures. Th e objective of this study was to determine the eff ects of grazing intensity (defi ned as postgraze stubble height, SH) and N fertilization on litter decomposition and N release in ‘Tift on 85’ bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp.) pastures. Th ree levels of SH (8, 16, 24 cm) were compared at the same interval between grazing events (28 d) and amount of N fertilization (250 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ). Th ree levels of N fertilization (50, 150, and 250 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) were compared when SH (24 cm) and regrowth interval were constant (28 d). Loss of litter mass was most rapid early in the decomposition period. Pasture SH had no eff ect on decomposition of litter mass, but increasing N fertilization increased decomposition rate. Immobilization of litter N began almost immediately aft er placement in the fi eld regardless of treatment, did not reach its maximum for up to 60 d, and lasted more than 128 d for most treatments. Increasing SH and N fer-tilization increased N immobilization in plant litter. Nitrogen immobilization in bermudagrass litter occurs across a wide rang e of pasture management practices, impacting N availability for plant growth.
Mourning, Melancholia and Religious Studies: Is the “Lost Object” Really Lost?

This reflection on the book /Mourning and Religion/ (2008) offers a reading of Freud’s foundational text /Mourning and Melancholia/ in which the relationship between mourning and melancholia is theorized slightly differently from that in /Mourning and Religion./ Mourning and melancholia are here seen as clinically distinct responses to object loss: melancholia resulting from a more unconsciously ambivalent and complex relationship to the lost object. And drawing on the work of Hans Loewald, mourning is understood as more dialectical and less linear. Some implications of these models of mourning and melancholia for a psychoanalysis of the origin of the field of religious studies are mentioned.
Quasigeostrophic Dynamics of the Western Boundary Current

Abstract A local model is used to investigate the dynamics of the western boundary current in a midlatitude, wind-driven gyre. This current is important for the gyre as a whole, and its local instability is correlated with structural changes of the separated eastward jet and the interior gyres. In particular, the eastward jet can be disrupted and broadened in the regime with a strong, local instability in the western boundary current. Such a regime occurs with a no-slip lateral boundary condition. Alternatively, in the absence of local instability, the eastward jet is narrow and penetrates farther in the basin interior. This behavior is typical with free-slip boundary condition. Both the linear stability and nonlinear time-dependent behavior of the western boundary current are analyzed for a wide range of parameters. The current loses stability at moderate Reynolds numbers, and the stability threshold strongly depends upon the vertical stratification profile. The nonlinear time-dependent flow contains wel...
Relationship between the activity of the orotic acid pathway and glucose content of roots of Cucurbita pepo

Abstract. Apical 3-cm root segments excised from 2-d-old squash seedlings (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Early Prolific Straightneck) that were germinated and grown between sheets of paper towelling moistened with H2O2 incorporated 144±10 nmol (± SE. n= 15) NaH14CO3 into uridine nucleotides (∑UMP) per gram intact roots during the 3-h incubation period (Lovatt, Albert & Tremblay, 1979). Continued culture of squash seedlings in this manner for an additional 24 or 48 h had no effect or slightly increased (30%) the activity of the orotic acid pathway. However, transfer of 2-d-old seedlings to Shive's nutrient solution reduced the activity of the orotic acid pathway within 15 h to 2.3 nmol NaH14CO3 incorporated into ∑UMP per gram apical 3-cm root segments during the 3-h incubation period. The observed decrease in capacity to synthesize pyrimidine nuclotides de novo paralleled the reduction in glucose content of the roots and was reversed by supplying glucose during hydroponic culture in Shive's nutrient solution. Root elongation was not affected by the reduced activity of the orotic acid pathway nor by the decreased level of available glucose.
Successful prevention of autoimmune disease by transplantation of adequate number of fully allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells.

Background We have previously shown successful engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) when transplanted across the major histocompatibility antigen barriers if transplanted along with a preparation of facilitator cells (osteoblasts). We have investigated whether or not fully allogeneic HSCs from healthy mouse donors prevent the development of autoimmunities in the autoimmune-prone W/B F1 mice. Methods W/B F1 is a strain of mice that spontaneously develop autoimmunities, a coronary vascular disease, thrombocytopenia, and systemic lupus-like syndrome. The 6- to 8-week-old (before the onset of the disease) W/B F1 mice have been transplanted with either a preparation of HSCs alone, or along with facilitator cells from MHC-incompatible autoimmune-resistant BALB/c mice, then followed to determine longterm survival and whether or not they developed signs of the autoimmune disease. Results The number of the transplanted HSCs acts as the determining factor in achieving successful and durable engraftment. Survival of the W/B F1 mice significantly improved by transplantation of increasing numbers of HSCs, either alone or along with facilitator cells. When W/B F1 mice were transplanted with 2-5 million HSCs, more than 1-year survival was 100%, all the transplanted mice were fully engrafted with allogeneic HSCs, and were free of signs of the autoimmune disease. Histological sections of the hearts, lungs, and kidneys of the transplanted mice showed absence of the autoimmune-associated pathology. Conclusions We thus report herein the successful prevention of autoimmune disease by transplantation of a sufficiently large number of purified fully allogeneic HSCs in W/B F1 mice.
Polyamine-stimulated phosphorylation of proteins from corn (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles

Abstract The effect of polyamines (spermine, spermidine and putrescine) on in vitro phosphorylation of proteins from corn coleoptiles was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Spermine promoted the phosphorylation of several membrane and soluble proteins and most of the proteins phosphorylated were different from those phosphorylated in the presence of calcium. Spermidine promoted the phosphorylation to a lesser extent and putrescine had very little stimulatory effect. Spermine-promoted phosphorylation of soluble proteins was dependent upon the presence of Mg2+ and was discernible at 100 μM spermine concentration.
School Reentry for Students with a Chronic Illness: A Role for Professional School Counselors

Approximately 20% of all children have a chronic illness, and about one-third of that number experience consequences severe enough to interfere with school functioning and performance. This article describes challenges that schools face in their efforts to serve students with chronic illness and their families, and it suggests the role that professional school counselors can play in facilitating support.