cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Hormones During Seed Development

The formation of a seed in the life cycle of higher plants is a unique adaptation. It incorporates embryo development with various physiological processes that insure the survival of the plant in the next generation. These adaptations include the accumulation of nutritive reserves, an arrest of tissue growth and development, and the ability to withstand desiccation, all of which are of considerable agronomic importance (e.g., nutritive value, yield, germination). The extent of these adaptations are quite spectacular. For example, the embryo must acquire the ability to withstand a reduction in water content from about 85% to 10%; in other plant tissues, such a severe desiccation is lethal. To survive long periods of time in this dry state until environmental conditions are favorable to resume development into a seedling, numerous plants have acquired different mechanisms of seed dormancy. The term “dormancy” is not entirely appropriate for many higher plants; this term can be defined as the absence of germination during environmental conditions which otherwise promote germination. Typically some external stimulus such as light or chilling (stratification) is required. However, many angiosperms undergo the developmental program of maturation, developmental arrest, and desiccation without true dormancy.
Deconstructing Social Class in Economically, Racially, and Ethnically Diverse Schools

The commentary offers a critique of the strategy to have critical discussions about social class in schools without simultaneously considering racial and ethnic backgrounds of students and the teachers. By highlighting the unique opportunity afforded to South Bay Elementary to discuss these complex issues, we highlight an example of school that attempted similar discussions. We also offer developmental specific examples of how schools can attempt these difficult discussions.
Feature selection and occupancy classification using seismic sensors

In this paper, we consider the problem of indoor surveillance and propose a feature selection scheme for occupancy classification in an indoor environment. The classifier aims to determine whether there is exactly one occupant or more than one occupant. Data are obtained from six seismic sensors (geophones) that are deployed in a typical building hallway. Four proposed features exploit amplitude and temporal characteristics of the seismic time series. A neural network classifier achieves performance ranging between 77% to 95% on the test data, depending on the type of construction of the location in the building being monitored.
A bimodal search strategy for SETI

Thus far in this meeting we have discussed some theoretical aspects of the likelihood of intelligent life appearing in our galaxy and have reviewed the search programs which have been carried out to date. It is evident from these discussions, as it was twenty years ago when Coconni and Morrison (1959) first published their classic paper on the use and detectability of the 21 cm wavelength for SETI, that the detection of an artificial signal of extraterrestrial origin will not be any easy matter. Whether N is large or small, we do not know where to point our antennas, on what frequency to listen, nor the type of signal to search for. To determine these, we must engage in an extensive and systematic search program.
Deviant behavior and self-enhancement in adolescence

The hypothesis that “among initially high self-derogation subjects deviant response patterns (alcohol and drug abuse, delinquent patterns, etc.) are related to subsequent decreases in self-derogation” was tested with data from a longitudinal survey study of adolescents. Among higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES) males initially high self-derogation subjects who adopted (relative to those who did not adopt) any of several deviant patterns manifested significantly greater subsequent base-free decreases in self-derogation. For higher SES females only narcotics use (and among lower SES females no deviant pattern) was significantly related to subsequent decrease in self-derogation. Together with collateral data, these results indicated that where the deviant patterns were compatible with valued social roles and the subjects were able to defend against negative responses by others (but not under mutually exclusive conditions), deviant patterns functioned to reduce self-rejecting feelings among initially highly self-derogating subjects.
Customer Information Sharing: Strategic Incentives and New Implications

We study oligopolistic firms' incentives to share customer information about past purchase history in a situation where firms are uncertain about whether a particular consumer considers the product offerings complements or substitutes. By addressing this new type of behavior-based price discrimination, we show that both the incentive to share customer information and its effects on consumers depend crucially on the relative magnitudes of the prices that would prevail in the complementary and substitute markets if consumers were fully segmented according to their preferences. This paper has important implications for merger analysis when the primary motive for merger is the acquisition of another firm's customer lists. We also find that the informational regime in which firms reside can have an influence upon the choice of product differentiation. Additionally, our analysis suggests a new role of middlemen as information aggregators.
Uterine hemorrhage due to arteriovenous malformation in a teenage girl: Diagnosis and management

Abstract An 18-year-old girl was evaluated because of severe uterine bleeding. The onset of each episode was abrupt. The bleeding failed to respond to steroidal oral contraceptives. Uterine curettage revealed a benign endometrium. Endocrine and coagulation studies were normal. Arteriovenous malformation was diagnosed by hysteroscopy and angiography studies. Retrograde femoral catheterization and embolization of the malformation did not totally alleviate the bleeding. The patient elected a hysterectomy rather than another embolization procedure.
Emergency and weekend robotic surgery are feasible

Robotic surgery has made a minimally invasive approach feasible for many complex operations that were previously performed by the open approach. Because of the complexity of its technology and the need for specially trained personnel, robotic operations have been limited to elective cases during weekdays. As more surgeons from different specialties perform robotic operations, the chances of scheduling conflicts and the possibility of complications needing a re-operation at night or during a weekend (defined as after hours) are also increasing. Until now, complications have been salvaged by conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy but we were able to demonstrate that, with appropriately trained staff, robotic surgery is feasible after hours and in emergencies. Use of the robot after hours could help alleviate scheduling conflicts for the operating room. For patients, it could potentially avoid laparotomy with its associated morbidity. As far as we are aware, use of the robot for emergency surgery has previously not been reported in the literature.
Temperature dependence of the Raman and infrared spectrum of liquid formic acid

Abstract The shift of the Raman and infrared bands of liquid formic acid were determined for a temperature change from 10°C to 80°C. These data together with previous data from the literature on other phases of formic acid were used to make assignments of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of liquid formic acid and can be explained by the existence of a helical-chain polymer in the liquid. The liquid phase assignments improve on the low frequency assignments for the vapor dimer.
Acting out of Character: Window on the Identity Crisis.

An autobiographical account of "acting out of character" at a life turning point is presented as a window on a young person's identity crisis. Analysis of that account reveals (1) that the "play" of the tentative identities reflects the concurrent crisis in the character of that person's society, (2) that the story the person now has to tell sets forth the range of the psychosocial issues active in his life, (3) that the mysteries generated identify for the person the specific issues at crisis, (4) that the novelty of the event itself catalyzes called for changes, and (5) that the metaphor of the "out of character" actions serves to preview the ultimate resolution.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS: AN APPLICATION OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING

ABSTRACT: Economic analysis of irrigation production functions is discussed using linear programming. The method provides advantages over the partial one-crop type of analyses because it captures intercrop tradeoffs in water and land use in response to economic policies or changes in water supply. A numerical example is used.
The welfare impacts of a revenue-neutral switch from tariffs to VAT with intermediate inputs and a VAT threshold

The debate about replacing tariffs with value-added tax (VAT) in developing countries has paid little attention to the role of VAT as an input tax on the informal sector and has overlooked the usefulness of changing the VAT threshold in a revenue-neutral switch from tariffs to VAT. This paper contributes to the literature by addressing these two issues via a heterogeneous firm model of a small open economy with endogenous firm entry and VAT compliance. The results found indicate that the VAT collected on intermediate inputs consumed by the informal sector not only reduces the benefits of evading VAT, but also diminishes the production distortion between the formal and the informal sectors. The use of a change in the VAT threshold to offset lost tariff revenue leads to welfare gains; however, the source of such gains is different from that of a change in the VAT rate. While an increase in the VAT rate expands informality, a revenue-equivalent decrease in the VAT threshold reduces informality. These novel r...
Effect of Al2O3/H2O nanofluid on MWNT circular fin structures in a minichannel

Abstract Surface imperfections such as pin fins and surface roughness in minichannels have proven to increase thermal performance. The use of nanofluid as the working medium in minichannels has also shown significant increase in thermal performance. To determine the heat removal ability of both multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grown in a silicon minichannel and the use of Al 2 O 3 /H 2 O nanofluid at a volume concentration of 0.01% as the working medium, an experimental investigation was conducted. Minichannel devices containing two different MWNT structures – one fully coated surface of MWNTs and the other with a 6 × 12 (rows, columns) circular staggered fin array of MWNTs – were tested and compared to a minichannel device with no MWNTs. The performance is evaluated based on a constant heat flux applied to the silicon base versus the corresponding silicon base temperature. The experiment was performed at a volumetric flow rate of 80 mL/min for a range of power inputs and was conducted multiple times to understand the extended performance after nanoparticles sediment on the channel surface. It was observed that the sedimentation of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles on a channel surface with no MWNTs increases the surface roughness and the thermal performance. When using both nanofluid and the MWNTs structured surface, the thermal performance had little to no increase for all experimental runs compared to the experiment with using deionized water. With the nanoparticle residue on the initial bare channel surface, the experiment was then run using deionized water and improved thermal performance was achieved.
A Little Known Property of the Gyroscope

To my surprise I have found that the property of the gyroscope which I am about to describe, although perfectly elementary, appears to be little known to either physicists or astronomers. Neither is it mentioned in the text-books so far as I am aware. That it has a very important bearing on the mechanism of the solar system has been shown in some of my earlier papers, but the laws which govern the rotation and the simple facts themselves seem to be so little understood that I have thought it worth while to explain them more fully in this place.
Extent of vegetated wetlands at Owens Dry Lake, California, U.S.A., between 1977 and 1992.

Abstract Vegetated wetlands at Owens Dry Lake, California, are embedded in a large arid region. The wetlands initially established when Owens Lake desiccated in the early 1900s, and largely exist below the historic shoreline, due to ground-water discharge. MSS satellite imagery was used to measure the coverage of wetlands on five dates from 1977 through 1992. Coverage from vegetated wetlands both declined and increased during the study period, and appeared to have an inverse relationship with annual runoff in the hydrologic watershed. Also, soil and/or water chemistry appear to interact with ground-water elevation to affect the wetland's spatial dynamics.
Genomic instability of human aberrant crypt foci measured by inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR and array-CGH.

Abstract Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are the earliest identifiable neoplastic lesions in the colon. Thirty-two ACFs were examined for genomic instability in forms detectable either by inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR or by array comparative genomic hybridization [array-CGH]. One-fourth of ACFs revealed moderate instability by inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR; none showed amplifications or deletions on array-CGH. The absence of genomic events detectible by BAC array-CGH indicates early events in colorectal tumor progression are typically smaller than the approximate 150 kb size of a BAC clone insert.
A Theory of Market Segmentation

A normative theory of market segmentation is presented as a multistage mathematical model of the full range of segmentation possibilities from the perfectly discriminating monopolist to the mass marketer. The theory’s major implications for the philosophy and application of the market segmentation strategy are discussed.
Aircraft Observations of the Shortwave Fractional Absorptance of Non-Homogeneous Clouds.

Abstract Techniques for normalizing aircraft measurements of solar irradiance to a horizontal surface and a constant solar zenith angle are outlined. The effects of these normalization procedures are a minimum when the data are collected at small solar zenith angles. A method of analysis is discussed which takes into account the effects of the heterogeneous structure of clouds on observations of cloud fractional absorptance in the 0.3–2.8 μm spectral interval. Application of the technique to the observed absorptance, results in a corrected fractional absorptance value which is in better agreement with theoretical calculations than previously reported. In addition, the technique significantly reduces the sampling time required to obtain a representative cloud fractional absorptance.
The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein in aryl hydrocarbon receptor action.

Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon (AH, or dioxin) receptor mediates carcinogenesis by a wide variety of compounds. It acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Many investigators expected that the AH receptor would prove to be a member of the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid receptor superfamily of proteins. However, recent cloning of the two subunits of the DNA-binding form of the AH receptor has shown that this is not the case. These subunits, the AH receptor nuclear translocator protein (ARNT) and the ligand-binding AH receptor monomer, do not contain zinc finger DNA-binding domains, nor do they have any other sequence similarities with members of the above family. Instead, they both contain basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motifs and also another segment of sequence similarity, the “PAS” region. bHLH motifs in other transcription factors are known to function as dimerization and DNA-binding domains. Present experiments are directed toward understanding the mechanisms of action and the roles of the two subunits.
Safety assessment of structures in nuclear facilities: application of probabilistic methods

Probabilistic methods are being used increasingly to provide a framework for rational analysis of uncertainty and to manage risk to engineered facilities from rare events. Facility design, management and regulation must have a wellestablished rationale in today's increasingly litigious society. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the nuclear industry, where probabilistic methods have been applied to improve structural engineering practice in several areas: design of new structures, condition assessment of existing facilities, and probabilistic risk assessment. This review will provide the reader with an idea of the utility of structural reliability methods in the nuclear industry, and will identify some of the challenges that remain as barriers to the use of probabilistic concepts in facility risk management and regulation.
Thermally actuated I-shaped electromechanical VHF resonators

Fabrication and characterization results are presented for the highest frequency (112–176 MHz) and smallest footprint (area: ∼70 μm2) thermal-piezoresistive single crystal silicon (SCS) resonators yet reported. The devices in this work have similar I-shaped or dumbbell geometry as previous work but with considerably smaller dimensions. An SOIMEMS fabrication process was developed that employs electron beam lithography to achieve submicron dimensions. Strong performance (Q = 5750, g m = 89.6 μA/V) is demonstrated, as is frequency tunability (up to 3.6% in vacuum) via DC bias current adjustment. Simple geometry and fabrication make these devices useful alternatives to capacitive and piezoelectric resonators.
The prediction of the vapor pressures of carboxylic acids

A method based on the effective carbon number (ECN) has been developed for the prediction of the vapor pressures of carboxylic acids over a range of temperatures. Good representation of the vapor pressures is obtained in the range 1 kPa to HOkPa with an overall average absolute deviation of 2.26%for 31 carboxylic acids which included saturated as well as unsaturated acids. The method requires a knowledge only of the normal boiling point or the boiling point at 1.3 kPa (lOmmHg) of the substance
Vapor–liquid equilibria for benzene/polybutadiene and cyclohexane/polybutadiene systems at 333, 355, and 373 K using gas chromatography

A perturbation chromatography apparatus has been designed and constructed for determining the vapor–liquid equilibrium between a two-component (solvent/helium) vapor phase and a two-component (polymer/solvent) liquid phase. The apparatus performed very well, giving reproducible and reliable results that agree with independent, previously reported studies. All tests of the equipment indicated that it was successful in meeting the conditions of low column pressure drop, small perturbations, and slow flow rate that are required for perturbation chromatography. Binary polymer/solvent data were obtained for polybutadiene (PBD)/benzene or polybutadiene/cyclohexane systems at solvent partial pressures to 40 kPa and for n-hexane at infinite dilution, all at the three temperatures of 333.15, 355.00, and 373.15 K. The experimental data for each system can be represented within experimental error by the Flory–Huggins polymer solution theory using a single binary interaction parameter that is independent of temperature and concentration.
SV40 RNA: filter hybridization for rapid isolation and characterization of rare RNAs.

Abstract Modifications of the filter hybridization method for the measurement and isolation of simian virus 40 (SV40) RNA from transformed cells are described. The modified method used small (0.02 cm 2 ) nitrocellulose filters with > 30 μg/cm 2 SV40 DNA applied following formaldehyde denaturation. The small volume and high DNA densities allowed hybridization to be completed in 2 h and washing after hybridization to be completed in 6 h. The washing reduced background to 1 × 10 −5 of input radioactivity without using nucleases. The efficiency of hybridization after washing was 40% or greater. These procedures have allowed the quantification of proportions of SV40 RNA in labeled RNA from transformed lines and the characterization of SV40 RNAs by electrophoresis and cell-free translation. A 3.7-kb SV40 RNA from SV80 cells was discovered in this work.
A conceptual model for assisting sustainable manufacturing through system dynamics

Abstract Industry is confronted with the challenge of balancing economic and financial priorities against environmental and social responsibilities. Current methods are deficient in aiding proactive engineering management decision making and elucidating broader sustainability opportunities within manufacturing systems, often resulting in reactive decisions to circumvent fines, resource costs, or simply poor public perception. While these challenges are long recognized, research has focused on increasing efficiencies toward reducing costs and environmental burdens – individually and simultaneously – with cursory integration of social metrics. This work seeks to facilitate decision making by incorporating systems thinking into sustainable manufacturing assessment and to develop an understanding of the complex interplay of factors from the operational (micro) scale through the enterprise (macro) scale. In this research, a combined approach utilizing principles of sustainable manufacturing and systems thinking (in the form of systems dynamics) is explored, which leads to development of a conceptual model being explored in ongoing research.
Anchoring the absolute proton affinity scale

Converged first-principles proton affinities (PA) of ammonia and carbon monoxide have been determined by the focal-point analysis (FPA) approach, thus fixing the high and low ends of the molecular proton affinity scale. The electronic structure computations employed the all-electron (AE) coupled-cluster (CC) method up to single, double, triple, quadruple, and pentuple excitations. Aug-cc-pCVXZ [X = 2(D), 3(T), 4(Q), 5, and 6] correlation-consistent (cc) Gaussian basis sets for C, N, and O were used in conjunction with the corresponding aug-cc-pVXZ (X = 2-6) sets for H. Our FPA study supersedes previous computational work by accounting for (a) electron correlation beyond the "gold standard" CCSD(T) level; (b) the nonadditivity of core electron correlation effects; (c) scalar relativity; (d) diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections (DBOC); (e) anharmonicity of zero-point vibrational energies, based on accurate AE-CCSD(T)/cc-pCVQZ internal coordinate quartic force fields and fully variational vibrational computations; and (f) thermal corrections to enthalpies by direct summation over rovibrational energy levels. Our final proton affinities at 298.15(0.0) K are ΔpaH°(NH3) = 852.6(846.4) ± 0.3 kJ mol(-1) and ΔpaH°(CO) = 592.4(586.5) ± 0.2 kJ mol(-1). These values have better accuracy and considerably lower uncertainty than the best previous recommendations and thus anchor the proton affinity scale of molecules for future use.
Dilutional hyponatremia in preeclampsia with and without nephrotic syndrome

This report includes cases of hyponatremia in preeclampsia. Two patients were identified with preeclampsia complicated by hyponatremia, one with and the other without nephrotic syndrome. Together with 3 cases of hyponatremia recently reported, these additional cases from the same geographic area suggest that hyponatremia is not a rare complication of preeclampsia.
Do You Belong to the ACC CV Imaging Member Section

Established in 2011, the ACC's CV Imaging Section was developed to cultivate multi-modality imaging-based discussions, improve the College's ability to represent the professional needs of CV Imaging members, and facilitate continuous input from ACC members about salient and emerging CV imaging
Antiendotoxic effect of water-soluble analogs of glucocorticoids.

Abstract The results of this study indicate that in the rat the antiendotoxic action of hydrocortisone, methylprednisoline, or dexamethasone is not affected by the nature of the salt radical employed to render these steroids water soluble. Also, the administration of methylprednisolone succinate and dexamethasone phosphate in concert protects in a simple additive manner.
Identification of Plakoglobin Domains Required for Association with N-cadherin and α-Catenin

Cadherins are calcium-dependent, cell surface glycoproteins involved in cell-cell adhesion. To function in cell-cell adhesion, the transmembrane cadherin molecule must be associated with the cytoskeleton via cytoplasmic proteins known as catenins. Three catenins, α-catenin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin (also known as plakoglobin), have been identified. The domain of the cadherin molecule important for its interaction with the catenins has been mapped to the COOH-terminal 70 amino acids, but less is known about regions of the catenins that allow them to associate with one another or with the cadherin molecule. In this study we have transfected carboxyl-terminal deletions of plakoglobin into the human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and used immunofluorescence localization and co-immunoprecipitation to map the regions of plakoglobin that allow it to associate with N-cadherin and with α-catenin. Plakoglobin is an armadillo family member containing 13 weakly similar internal repeats. These data show that the α-catenin-binding region maps within the first repeat and the N-cadherin-binding region maps within repeats 7 and 8.
SHOOT cryogenic components: testing and applicability to other flight programs

Cryogenic components and techniques for the superfluid helium on-orbit transfer (SHOOT) flight demonstration are described. Instrumentation for measuring liquid quantity, position, flow rate, temperature, and pressure has been developed using the data obtained from the IRAS, Cosmic Background Explorer, and Spacelab 2 helium dewars. Topics discussed include valves and burst disks, fluid management devices, structural/thermal components, instrumentation, and ground support equipment and performance test apparatus.
Crisis intervention in an emergency setting

The situational crisis is a period of acute disorganization of affective cognitive and behavioral function precipitated by a traumatic life experience. We review the clinical features of a situational crisis and the four phases of the crisis sequence. Special emphasis is placed on the practical principles of treatment. Recognition of a situational crisis in a patient presenting to the emergency department provides an opportunity for using the initial evaluation as the first step in crisis intervention therapy. This approach often obviates the need for acute hospitalization.
Absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy of diffusion-doped ZnSe:Cr 2p

ZnSe:Cr2+ is an attractive candidate as a room-temperature tunable solid-state laser with output in the 2–3 µm range. Passive absorption losses in this emission range currently limit laser performance. In this study, we use absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies at 5 and 296K to address the origin of these optical losses. A series of diffusion-doped ZnSe:Cr single-crystal samples with Cr2+ concentrations in the range from 2×1017 cm−3 to 9×1019 cm−3 were obtained using CrSe powder as the dopant source. We find that trace amounts of Fe2+ produce absorption in the 2–3 µm range. Also, we have obtained data on a 680 nm absorption band observed in ZnSe:Cr which has been assigned to an internal transition of Cr2+. In our series of samples, the relative intensities of the 680 nm absorption band do not track the relative intensities of the 1.8 µm band (known to be due to Cr2+), although excitation near 680 nm does produce weak Cr2+ luminescence. Our absorption data do not support the current assignment of the 680 nm absorption as being an internal transition of the Cr2+ ion.
Hospitalization of Home Care Patients Adverse Drug Events

This study investigated causes of hospitalizations due to adverse drug events (ADEs) and falls among patients at a nonprofit Visiting Nurse Association, over 1 year, using a retrospective record review (n = 50). Findings revealed that 42 hospitalizations occurred related to hypo-/hyperglycemia (n = 1), ADEs (n = 10), and falls (n = 31). Patients experienced medication side effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, hemorrhage, electrolyte imbalances, and syncope contributing to ADEs and resulting in potentially preventable hospitalizations.
Narrow-Width Harvester for Switchgrass and Other Bioenergy Crops in Experimental Plots

Greater capacity in field experimental research could be achieved by equipment that harvests high-yielding biomass energy crops within small plots. Versatility and cost-effectiveness would be enhanced if the harvester were adaptable to currently available equipment. A narrow-width biomass harvester for experimental plots was constructed to meet these objectives. The machine consists of a hydraulic drive, flail mower, support arm assembly, collection box and weighing platform, and electronic weighing system. The harvester is currently being powered with a 63.7 kW narrow specialty tractor with a 1.4-m outside tread width. The narrow tractor-flail was used to harvest 1.52-m swaths down the centers of 3.8 by 12.2 m plots of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) so that a portion of the crop remained undisturbed for other measurements. The harvester could harvest dry switchgrass yields up to 20 Mg ha -1 in 8.8-m plots before its collection box was filled. Other grasses and forages with shape and size characteristics similar to switchgrass would also likely be accommodated. Under normal conditions, three people can harvest 12 plots (20 m long) within 1 h including weighing the biomass, emptying the harvester, and bagging samples. The harvester can be attached to a tractor and made ready for harvesting, or removed to make the tractor available for other purposes, in about 1.5 h. Cost of materials for the harvester was <$10,000.
Nature's inordinate fondness for metabolic enzymes: why metabolic enzyme loci are so frequently targets of selection

Metabolic enzyme loci were some of the first genes accessible for molecular evolution and ecology research. New technologies now make the whole genome, transcriptome or proteome readily accessible, allowing unbiased scans for loci exhibiting significant differences in allele frequency or expression level and associated with phenotypes and/or responses to natural selection. With surprising frequency and in many cases in proportions greater than chance relative to other genes, glycolysis and TCA cycle enzyme loci appear among the genes with significant associations in these studies. Hence, there is an ongoing need to understand the basis for fitness effects of metabolic enzyme polymorphisms. Allele-specific effects on the binding affinity and catalytic rate of individual enzymes are well known, but often of uncertain significance because metabolic control theory and in vivo studies indicate that many individual metabolic enzymes do not affect pathway flux rate. I review research, so far little used in evolutionary biology, showing that metabolic enzyme substrates affect signalling pathways that regulate cell and organismal biology, and that these enzymes have moonlighting functions. To date there is little knowledge of how alleles in natural populations affect these phenotypes. I discuss an example in which alleles of a TCA enzyme locus associate with differences in a signalling pathway and development, organismal performance, and ecological dynamics. Ultimately, understanding how metabolic enzyme polymorphisms map to phenotypes and fitness remains a compelling and ongoing need for gaining robust knowledge of ecological and evolutionary processes.
Signaling Pathways in Adrenocortical Cancer

: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare tumor that carries a very poor prognosis. Despite efforts to develop new therapeutic regimens to treat this disease, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Laboratory studies of adrenocortical cancers have revealed a wide variety of signaling pathways that can be altered in these neoplasms. Although ACTH signaling through adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A is important for normal adrenal cellular physiology, there is evidence to suggest that this pathway may inhibit the growth of adrenocortical tumors, and that inactivation of the ACTH receptor may promote tumor formation. Although multiple signal transduction pathways are essential for normal adrenal growth and hormone secretion, efforts to identify events required for neoplastic transformation have met with limited success. Alterations that have frequently been observed in adrenocortical carcinoma include up-regulation of the IGF-II system, as well as mutations in TP53 and RAS. Current studies aim to elucidate the mechanisms of tumor growth by studying proproliferative signaling pathways, such as those involving Akt/PKB and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Although studies of single pathways have been helpful in guiding investigations, new tools to study the integration and multiplicity of signaling pathways hold the hope of improved understanding of the signaling pathway alterations in adrenocortical cancer.
Supporting student veterans in transition

This chapter outlines major trends in supporting student veterans at colleges and universities, including ways that campus professionals can initiate programs and services to assist this emerging population of students.
Gender as an element in the intersubjective field: The female therapist and the male patient

Gender identity is a fundamental component of core identity and it lays the ground plan for the creation of the specifics of the individual's self representation through varied early self- and object experience. This paper seeks to illuminate some of the unconscious dynamics emerging out of profound developmental differences between women and men. The effects of these unconscious dynamics upon the relationship between the male patient and the female therapist are examined, drawing upon transferential and extratransferential phenomena. Illustrations are presented, demonstrating interpretive work directed toward resolution of conflicts around male identity and aimed at fostering self-object differentiation.
672 An Audit of the Management of a First Afebrile Seizure in Childhood

Objective: To compare the management of first afebrile seizures with internationally recognized standards in an Irish tertiary paediatric setting. Methods: Records of first afebrile seizure presenting to a Paediatric Emergency Department period between June 2007 and December 2008 were identified through interrogation of emergency department admission books and Paediatric ward ledgers Management standards were devised from a compilation of British (NICE 2004) and North American (AAN 2003) guidelines The standards comprised 3 principle areas: (i) the medical record and seizure documentation (ii) investigations recorded and (iii) documentation of management at discharge Complete concordance with the standards would accrue a score of 21/21 Relevant patient charts were reviewed, assessing medical and nursing notes. Summary: 26 children were identified over the 18 month period, 13 boys and 13 girls (age range from 1 month to 13 years) No case achieved full concordance with the devised standards The average score was (13) 50% with a range from 5 (19%) to 17 (65%) Seizures were well documented 75% but compliance with guidelines on investigation of the first afebrile seizure in childhood was poor 63%. Conclusion: Presentation with first afebrile seizures is common in childhood We have demonstrated a lack of concordance with international guidelines on management of the first afebrile seizure in our institution We now intend to provide further guidance on this topic and introduce an information pack at discharge before repeating the audit cycle.
Über die Wirkung von optisch aktiven Hydraziden auf die Diamin‐oxydase. 14. Mitteilung über Amin‐oxydasen

The hydrazides of both optical isomers of amino acids and isolysergic acid were tested for effects on amine oxidases. There was little action on monoamine oxidase (MO). However, some of the amino acid hydrazides, such as L-leucylhydrazide, turned out to be very effective inhibitors of diamine oxidase (DO). In every instance there was a significant difference between the action of the two antipodes. In seven pairs of antipodal amino acid derivatives, the L-form was much more effective than the D-form. Some conclusions about the optical configuration of the reactive site of DO have been drawn. The possible relationship between the low efficiency of the D-amino acid isomers as inhibitors and their low toxicity, as reported in the literature, has been discussed.
Mid-infrared microspectroscopic imaging with a quantum cascade laser

Conventional mid-infrared (mid-IR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging systems employ an incoherent globar source and achieve spectral contrast through interferometry. While this approach is suitable for many general applications, recent advancements in broadly tunable external cavity Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) offer new approaches to and new possibilities for mid-IR micro-spectroscopic imaging. While QCL-based devices have yet to achieve the wide spectral range generally employed by spectroscopists for molecular analyses, they are starting to be used for microscopy at discrete frequencies. Here, we present a discrete frequency IR (DFIR) microscope based on a QCL source and explore its utility for mid-IR imaging. In our prototype instrument, spectral contrast is achieved by tuning the QCL to bands in a narrow spectral region of interest. We demonstrate wide-field imaging employing a 128x128 pixel liquid nitrogen cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) focal plane array (FPA) detector. The resulting images demonstrate successful imaging as well as several unique features due to coherence effects from the laser source. Here we discuss the effects of this coherence and compare our instrument to conventional mid-IR imaging instrumentation.
Life Extension: Rolling the Technological Dice

The idea of radically extending average human life expectancy is an ancient one, but for most of human history exceedingly utopian. There is now, however, a revival of that idea, with some scientists and others arguing that it is possible and desirable. But the main problem with most of the life extension enthusiasm is that it is based almost entirely on the desire of some individuals to make it happen. The social consequences of success of such a venture are, however, either ignored altogether or dismissed on the grounds that any problems can be dealt with. In the end, none of our present human and social problems would be helped by radically longer lives and no obvious social benefits have been advanced to support it.
Symmetry breaking transitions: Dynamics of broken symmetry

Broken symmetry is central to understanding the properties and behaviour of many solid-state systems, but the speed with which they occur makes them difficult to study. Using a state-of-the-art ultrafast pump–probe technique, a new study reveals in unprecedented detail the rich variety of phenomena that arise during a symmetry breaking transition.
Inducing Cellular Aging: Enabling Neurodegeneration-in-a-Dish

The immaturity of neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) presents difficulties for modeling late-onset neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Now, Miller et al. (2013) provide a strategy for inducing aging-related phenotypes in hiPSC-derived neurons, enabling in vitro study of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
Feedback to minorities: Evidence of a positive bias.

This research tested the prediction that Whites supply more lenient feedback to Blacks than to fellow Whites. In Study 1, White undergraduates were led to believe that they were giving feedback on essays written by either a Black or a White fellow student. As predicted, feedback was less critical when the supposed feedback recipient was Black rather than White. It was also predicted that the feedback bias would be selective for subjective evaluative domains (i.e., essay content) in contrast to objective evaluative domains (i.e., essay mechanics). An interaction between recipient race and evaluative domain confirmed this prediction. The domain-specific quality of the feedback bias suggests that the bias may arise from social motives rather than from more automatic processes. Study 2 replicated these results.
The exogenous methyl farnesoate does not impact ecdysteroid signaling in the crustacean epidermis in vivo

Abstract Methyl farnesoate (MF) produced by the mandibular organ is a crustacean terpenoid hormone involved in the regulation of larval development, reproduction and male morphogenesis. But the receptor for MF has remained unresolved. In view of the fact that MF can bind to crustacean retinoid X receptor (RXR) and that the terpenoid mimic, pyriproxyfen, is capable of altering the expression of crustacean RXR gene, crustacean RXR has been proposed to be a candidate receptor for MF. It is well known that ecdysteroids signal through the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR), which heterodimerizes with the RXR in Crustacea. This study was aimed to investigate whether the exogenous MF impacts ecdysteroid signaling in vivo using N -acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) mRNA from epidermal tissue as a biomarker for ecdysteroid signaling. The NAG mRNA from the model crustacean Uca pugilator injected with 0, 0.2, 1, 5, and 20 ng/g wet weight of MF was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). An assay of epidermal NAG activity in crabs injected with 0, 20, and 2000 ng/g wet weight of MF was also performed. The administration of the exogenous MF was found to have no effects on epidermal NAG gene transcription or NAG activity in U. pugilator . These results clearly show that MF is not capable of affecting epidermal ecdysteroid signaling in the fiddler crab, U. pugilator . Our data are not supportive of the notion that MF signals through the RXR in Crustacea.
Enzymatic and binding effects of atrial natriuretic factor in glomeruli and nephrons

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been suggested to exert a tubular effect on the mammalian nephron, perhaps in part by interacting with other hormones. In the present study, the effect of ANF was examined on glomeruli (Gm) and different renal tubule segments including medullary (MAL) and cortical thick ascending limb (CAL) and cortical (CCT), outer medullary (OMCT) and inner medullary collecting tubules (IMCT). This effect of ANF was assessed by alteration in adenylate cyclase and cGMP in the various nephron segments in the presence and absence of arginine vasopressin (AVP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (SCT). An effect of ANF (10(-8) M) was not demonstrated on adenylate cyclase (fmol cAMP formed/30 min/micrograms protein) in Gm, CAL, MAL, CCT, OMCT or IMCT. Nor did ANF (10(-8) M) interfere with the effect of PTH (5 IU/ml) on the Gm (PTH 35.1 +/- 3.7 vs. PTH + ANF 32.5 +/- 1.8, NS), CAL (PTH 50.5 +/- 10.9 vs. PTH + ANF 46.2 +/- 1.4, NS) or AVP (10(-8) M) on the CCT (AVP 40.8 +/- 6.6 vs. AVP + ANF 33.0 +/- 3.1, NS), OMCT (AVP 56.0 +/- 11.8 vs. AVP + ANF 42.1 +/- 6.7, NS), IMCT (AVP 66.5 +/- 4.6 vs. AVP + ANF 53.5 +/- 7.0, NS) or MAL (AVP 15.5 +/- 1.6 vs. AVP + ANF 14.0 +/- 2.6, NS). ANF also did not affect SCT (1.5 x 10(-8) M)-induced adenylate cyclase on CCT (SCT 69.8 +/- 11.3 vs. SCT + ANF 79.9 +/- 7.2, NS). ANF (10(-8) M), however, significantly increased cGMP in the Gm (6.4 +/- 1.7 to 121.3 +/- 32.4 fmol/micrograms protein, P less than 0.001) and IMCT (0.63 +/- 0.16 to 1.46 +/- 0.29 fmol/micrograms protein, P less than 0.05). However, no effect of ANF on cGMP was observed in the CAL, CCT, OMCT, and MAL even at 10(-7) M ANF. PTH (5 IU/ml) did not alter either basal or ANF-stimulated cGMP in the Gm. Also, specific ANF binding was studied in the microdissected IMCT. Kd was 6.08 x 10(-9) M and Bmax was 8.07 x 10(-11) M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhancing worker self‐efficacy: an approach for reducing negative reactions to technological change

Examines the relationship between perceived technological self‐efficacy (TSE) ‐ the belief in one’s ability to perform successfully a technology sophisticated new task ‐ and people’s reactions to change. Survey respondents were 205 telecommunications repair technicians, who were being trained to use a new computerized job assignment system. Indicates that technicians with high levels of TSE were significantly more satisfied with their jobs, reported doing more work of a higher quality, demonstrated fewer withdrawal behaviours, and were more committed to the organizations after the change, compared with workers with low TSE. Provides guidelines for enhancing self‐efficacy when making such changes.
Fast Adaptive RLS Algorithms: A Generalized Inverse Unification

This paper presents a generalized inverse unification of some important fast adaptive recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms. This unification exhibits the inside view of those algorithms. Moreover, based on this unification, a new and more stable algorithm for the initial state in prewindowed signal case is given.
Cadmium-neptunium a partial phase diagram of the system☆

Abstract The phase diagram of the cadmium-rich region of the cadmium-neptunium system has been determined. The solubility of neptunium in liquid cadmium may be expressed by the equations: (320–485 °C) log XNp = 4.099–4397T−1; (485–626 °C) log XNp = 0.4589–1636T−1 where XNp is the atom fraction of Np at T in °K. Two intermetallic compounds were found in this system: NpCd11, cubic (BaHg11-type), a = 9.288 A and NpCd6, cubic (CeCd6-type) a = 15.614 A . At 485 °C, NpCd11 peritectically decomposes into NpCd6 and a liquid Cd-2 at.% Np solution.
Challenges for international development planning: Preliminary lessons from the case of the Cities Alliance

In 1999, the World Bank and the United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS) helped launch the Cities Alliance. According to its promoters, it is a global association of development partners interested in improving urban living conditions in the developing world. This paper is a preliminary critique and focuses on three significant aspects of the Alliance’s intentions and strategy: collaboration and synergy, decentralization, and implementation. Three key aspects of the strategy present significant challenges and need additional policy attention. First is a possibility of unresolved differences inherent in the Alliance’s approach. Second, the city focus does not address metropolitan and regional coordination. And third is a lack of robust research to support some of the implementation initiatives. The Alliance’s strategies and challenges are similar to the approaches and limitations of international development planning, and this paper is thus also an assessment of conventional practices in development planning.
TU‐B‐201C‐01: Gamma Camera and SPECT Routine Quality Assurance Testing

Routine quality control,calibration and performance testing of gamma cameras are necessary in order to consistently acquire good quality images without artifacts. This lecture will briefly cover the basics of gamma cameraimage formation and performance characteristics. The lecture will primarily focus on routine quality assurance tests for gamma cameras. It is increasingly common for providers of nuclear medicine imaging services to seek accreditation, either from the American College of Radiology (ACR) or the Intersocietal Commission for Accreditation of Nuclear Medicine Laboratories (ICANL). Both accrediting bodies recommend routine quality control tests and these tests will be discussed. Common problems and image artifacts will be discussed as well as how to correct these problems. Calibration procedures such as center of rotation and uniformity calibration will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. Learn the basics of gamma camera and SPECT performance measurements and quality assurance test procedures. 2. Become familiar with routine quality control tests recommended by accreditation programs. 3. Be able to identify and correct common problems and image artifacts in gamma camera and SPECTimaging.