cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
More than the "Wife Corps": Female Tenant Farmer Struggle in 1920s Japan

More than the “Wife Corps”: Female Tenant Farmer Struggle in 1920s Japan Wendy Matsumura University of California, San Diego Abstract Struggles over social reproduction intensiﬁed and took on new forms in Japan during the interwar period, as the state found it increasingly difﬁcult to secure the foundations for the continued accumulation of capital. Landlord-tenant disputes that erupted nationwide in the midst of Japan’s post-World War I agricultural recession was one concrete manifestation of these struggles. While the signiﬁcance of tenant disputes has been analyzed in great detail by scholars, there has been a surprising lack of historical scholarship on the role that female tenant farmers played within them. This absence is a manifestation of two tendencies: First, gendered assumptions surrounding the ﬁgure of the tenant farmer have led scholars of agrarian social movements to work from a relatively limited understanding of what constitutes struggle and by extension, who its protagonists have been. Second, the conﬂation of waged work as productive work and by extension, non-waged work as unproductive has unwittingly relegated many forms of struggle that working women participated in to the realm of the pre-political. This paper contends that far from being mere supporters – the wife corps – of what was ultimately a male-driven movement, female participants in tenant disputes produced their own powerful critiques of the way that the Japanese state and capital undervalued their lives and labor. As such, they should be understood as one link in a rich history of proletarian feminist struggle both within and outside of the Japanese empire. Actions produce dreams and ideas, and not the reverse. 1 Introduction In the inaugural issue of the short-lived anarchist feminist journal Fujin Sensen (The Women’s Front) published in March 1930, one of its founders, Takamure Itsue, critiqued the destruction of conditions that are speciﬁc to women’s exis- tence—like pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing—in Japanese capitalist society. She explained, “In such a society, these special characteristics are viewed as private affairs. However, people’s positions are evaluated only in public affairs.” 2 She argued that even if some of these burdens are alleviated through the creation of maternity hospitals and childcare facilities, as long as these tasks are considered to be inversely related to the ability of women to par- ticipate in public affairs, meaningful transformation will not take place. Developing her critique further, Takamure explained that capitalists have long used the excuse that these “private affairs” that are tied to the biological International Labor and Working-Class History No. 91, Spring 2017, pp. 127–155 # International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc., 2017 doi:10.1017/S0147547916000302 Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSD Libraries, on 01 May 2017 at 23:35:05, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0147547916000302
“Why Seek the Living Among the Dead?” African American Pedagogical Excellence: Exemplar Practice for Teacher Education:

Although teacher diversity, teacher preparation, and student achievement are contemporary and overlapping issues, they have suffered from the absence of African American educational principles and ...
Defining Phosphorus Requirements for Pinot noir Grapevines

A study to examine the phosphorus (P) requirements of Pinot noir was carried out using a microplot vineyard with carefully controlled P inputs. Pinot noir grafted onto 101-14 rootstock was exposed to four levels of P supply delivered via fertigation beginning in their fourth growing season. Vine nutrient status, productivity, and must chemistry were studied over four years (2012 to 2015), and fermentation dynamics were evaluated over three years (2012 to 2014). P supply primarily influenced vine productivity by reducing leaf area at veraison and by reducing yield, which occurred after three years in vines that received no P fertilizer. Flowering and fruit set were not altered by low P status. P supply had the most significant impact on must P levels, where the two lowest P supply treatments had reduced must P within the first year that P was altered. However, must P concentrations as low as 32 mg P/L did not affect the time needed for yeast to complete alcoholic fermentation. These findings suggest that limiting P reduces Pinot noir canopy size and yield before it alters flowering parameters or reduces must P concentrations sufficiently to alter fermentation. A P concentration of 1.0 g P/kg dry weight (DW) in leaf blades at veraison is proposed as the critical level below which growth and yield of Pinot noir are reduced when vines are cropped at levels typical for premium wine production in the region. Growers should closely monitor vine P status when leaf blade P at veraison approaches 1.2 g P/kg DW in western Oregon Pinot noir vineyards to account for sampling and laboratory error.
Microbial decomposition processes and vulnerable arctic soil organic carbon in the 21st century

Abstract. Various levels of representations of biogeochemical processes in current biogeochemistry models contribute to a large uncertainty in carbon budget quantification. Here, we present an uncertainty analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), into which detailed microbial mechanisms were incorporated. Ensemble regional simulations with the new model (MIC-TEM) estimated that the carbon budget of the arctic ecosystems is 76.0±114.8 Pg C during the 20th century, i.e., - 3.1 ± 61.7 Pg C under the RCP 2.6 scenario and 94.7±46 Pg C under the RCP 8.5 scenario during the 21st century. Positive values indicate the regional carbon sink while negative values are a source to the atmosphere. Compared to the estimates using a simpler soil decomposition algorithm in TEM, the new model estimated that the arctic terrestrial ecosystems stored 12 Pg less carbon over the 20th century, i.e., 19 and 30 Pg C less under the RCP 8.5 and RCP 2.6 scenarios, respectively, during the 21st century. When soil carbon within depths of 30, 100, and 300 cm was considered as initial carbon in the 21st century simulations, the region was estimated to accumulate 65.4, 88.6, and 109.8 Pg C, respectively, under the RCP 8.5 scenario. In contrast, under the RCP 2.6 scenario, the region lost 0.7, 2.2, and 3 Pg C, respectively, to the atmosphere. We conclude that the future regional carbon budget evaluation largely depends on whether or not adequate microbial activities are represented in earth system models and on the sizes of soil carbon considered in model simulations.
Isolation of silicate ionophore(s) from the apochlorotic diatom Nitzschia, alba

An organic extract of Nitzschia, alba cells possesses ionophoretic activity towards silicate, as it induces silicate transport across an organic phase or across synthetic lipid membranes. The activity is dependent upon Na+ and prefers silicon to germanium, a congener. The activity can be resolved into two apparently pure fractions by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Preliminary characterization indicates that the compound(s) contains vicinal hydroxyl groups but is devoid of amino, sugar or phosphate groups.
Online communities: explaining rises and falls from grace in wikipedia

Firms increasingly turn to online communities to create valuable information. These communities are empowered by new information technology-enabled collaborative tools, tools such as blogs, wikis, and social networks. Collaboration on these platforms is characterized by considerable membership turnover, which could have significant effects on collaborative outcomes. We hypothesize that membership retention relates in a curvilinear fashion to effective collaboration: positively up to a threshold and negatively thereafter. The longitudinal history of 2,065 featured articles on Wikipedia offers support for this hypotheses: Contributions from a mixture of new and experienced participants both increases the likelihood that an article will be promoted to featured article status and decreases the risk it will be demoted after having been promoted. These findings imply that, contrary to many of the assumptions in previous research, participant retention does not have a strictly positive effect on emerging collaborative environments. Further analysis of our data provides empirical evidence that knowledge creation and knowledge retention are actually distinct phases of community-based peer production, and that communities may on average experience more turnover than ideal during the knowledge retention phase.
Chapter 47 – Smoking Cessation

Publisher Summary This chapter will outline the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of cigarette smoking with particular emphasis on current pharmacotherapies including nortriptyline, clonidine, nicotine replacement, bupropion, and varenicline. Cigarette smoking is a chronic relapsing disorder with secondary complications including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Nicotine as an addictive euphoriant is comparable to amphetamines, cocaine, or opiates. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system regulate downstream neurotransmitter release. Smoking leads to about one-third of deaths from coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Active and passive smoke exposure leads to increases in oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, blood coagulability, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation as well as reduced oxygen delivery and coronary vasoconstriction. Heart disease risk drops off significantly after 1–2 years of cessation and normalizes at 3–5 years. Smoking abstinence rates at 6–12 months in motivated quitters without behavioral or pharmacologic therapy approach 3–5%. Because the subject characteristics and the support offered differ across clinical trials, the most conventional means to assess the effect of pharmacotherapy is the quit rate relative to placebo. When compared to placebo, pharmacotherapy doubles or triples quit rates achieved by nonpharmacological means. A number of novel smoking cessation pharmacotherapies have followed in the wake of recent insights into nicotine addiction. Several cannabinoid receptor antagonists are in development. One such cannabinoid receptor antagonist, rimonobant, demonstrated efficacy but did not lead to drug approval due to concerns of toxicity.
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC MEASURES FOR PHARMACODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS IN MAN

Abstract In studies of changes in quantitative EEG and blood levels of a number of psychoactive substances, we have observed well-defined relations between the measures. As a physiological response index, the quantitative EEG is an accurate reflection of the cerebral changes accompanying drug administration. These measures have practical applications in the definition of active compounds and their metabolites and in the pharmacodynamic analysis of compounds.
Demand-driven Acquisition of Print Books: Applying 21st-Century Procurement Strategies to a 5th-Century Format

AbstractThe Marriott Library at the University of Utah was an early champion of the demand-driven model of acquiring ebooks. Beginning in 2017, the Marriott Library applied a similar approach to th...
Improving Data-Analytics Performance Via Autonomic Control of Concurrency and Resource Units

Many big-data processing jobs use data-analytics frameworks such as Apache Hadoop (currently also known as YARN). Such frameworks have tunable configuration parameters set by experienced system administrators and/or job developers. However, tuning parameters manually can be hard and time-consuming because it requires domain-specific knowledge and understanding of complex inter-dependencies among parameters. Most of the frameworks seek efficient resource management by assigning resource units to jobs, the maximum number of units allowed in a system being part of the static configuration of the system. This static resource management has limited effectiveness in coping with job diversity and workload dynamics, even in the case of a single job. The work reported in this article seeks to improve performance (e.g., multiple-jobs makespan and job completion time) without modification of either the framework or the applications and avoiding problems of previous self-tuning approaches based on performance models or resource usage. These problems include (1) the need for time-consuming training, typically offline and (2) unsuitability for multi-jobs/tenant environments. This article proposes a hierarchical self-tuning approach using (1) a fuzzy-logic controller to dynamically adjust the maximum number of concurrent jobs and (2) additional controllers (one for each cluster node) to adjust the maximum number of resource units assigned to jobs on each node. The fuzzy-logic controller uses fuzzy rules based on a concave-downward relationship between aggregate CPU usage and the number of concurrent jobs. The other controllers use a heuristic algorithm to adjust the number of resource units on the basis of both CPU and disk IO usage by jobs. To manage the maximum number of available resource units in each node, the controllers also take resource usage by other processes (e.g., system processes) into account. A prototype of our approach was implemented for Apache Hadoop on a cluster running at CloudLab. The proposed approach was demonstrated and evaluated with workloads composed of jobs with similar resource usage patterns as well as other realistic mixed-pattern workloads synthesized by SWIM, a statistical workload injector for MapReduce. The evaluation shows that the proposed approach yields up to a 48% reduction of the jobs makespan that results from using Hadoop-default settings.
Prolific moment: theory and practice of mindfulness for writing

In Prolific Moment: Theory and Practice of Mindfulness for Writing, poet and rhetoric/composition scholar Alexandria Peary utilises concepts from Buddhist teachings (i.e. dharma) to detail the conn...
In situ alignment of graphene nanoplatelets in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite fibers with controlled stepwise interfacial exfoliation

Hierarchically microstructured tri-axial poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanoplatelet (PVA/GNP) composite fibers were fabricated using a dry-jet wet spinning technique. The composites with distinct PVA/GNPs/PVA phases led to highly oriented and evenly distributed graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as a result of molecular chain-assisted interfacial exfoliation. With a concentration of 3.3 wt% continuously aligned GNPs, the composite achieved a ∼73.5% increase in Young's modulus (∼38 GPa), as compared to the pure PVA fiber, and an electrical conductivity of ∼0.38 S m−1, one of the best mechanical/electrical properties reported for polymer/GNP nanocomposite fibers. This study has broader impacts on textile engineering, wearable robotics, smart sensors, and optoelectronic devices.
American Gastroenterological Association: Results of a membership poll

Abstract The Patient Care Committee of the American Gastroenterological Association determined that no data existed on the views or demographics of our rapidly growing membership. A 48-item questionnaire was developed and administered during 1982–1983. A random sample (232 of 2751 active members) was queried; 85% (196) replied and all returns were correctly completed. Respondents rate the American Gastroenterological Association as "somewhat responsive" to practitioners' needs but closer to "extremely responsive" to the needs of academic physicians. Full-time medical school faculty average 33% of their time in direct (digestive disease related) patient care, with 15% spent on endoscopy; non-faculty members spend 56% of their time on such care and 22% on endoscopy. Only 2% of the 22% of members who do some "bench research" are
Who really performs the audit? Examining the effects of voluntary disclosure of the use of other auditors on investors’ perceptions of audit quality

SUMMARY Under Rule 29, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) requires principal auditors to disclose the extent of use of other auditors on an audit engagement. This mandatory discl...
The Role of Translation Control in Tumorigenesis and Its Therapeutic Implications

As a convergent mechanism downstream of most oncogenic signals, control of mRNA translation has emerged as a key driver in establishing and tuning gene expression at specific steps in cancer develo...
Toward Concurrent Engineering of the M1-Based Catalytic Systems for Oxidative Dehydrogenation (ODH) of Alkanes

In the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes, some important advances of the last decade have made it possible to accelerate the development and industrial insertion of the M1 based catalytic systems. These catalysts may be fine-tuned to account for the inevitable variability of different chemicals and impurities in the feedstocks. The latter may include, among others, different blends of shale gases, with different ratios of the C1-C3 alkanes and impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, etc. In this article, we review the recent progress achieved in our understanding of the crystal structures and the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reaction mechanisms of the multi-metal oxide (MMO) M1 catalyst. Firstly, the complex crystal structure of the M1 phases has been examined using quantum mechanics (QM), reactive force field (ReaxFF), and machine learning (ML) approaches. Secondly, we discussed the ODH mechanism on the M1 phase based on the QM simulations including the finite cluster model and the periodic slab model. Finally, we proposed a catalyst design approach to improve the selectivity of the M1 phase based upon the ODH reaction mechanism. We also briefly discuss the concept of the CE (“Concurrent Engineering”, introduced by the European Space Agency). The development of the CE concepts may be applied to the M1 catalytic systems in the future allowing businesses to be agile and react fast to the changing production conditions, thereby making them uniquely competitive in the ODH of alkanes and other areas.
Clifford operators in SU(N)1; N not odd prime

Farinholt gives a characterization of Clifford operators for qudits; d both odd and even. In this comment it is shown that the necessary gates for the construction of Clifford operators; N both odd and even, are obtained directly from operations that appear in SU(N)1. A witness for W3 states in SU(2)1 is discussed. See e.g. [1-4].
Development of Rapid Retrofit UHPC Based Solution to Repair Damaged Flexural Members

The bridge structure elements are exposed to severe environmental conditions which causes reduction in service life and durability that may require repair and retrofit. In this project, thin shells of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) are used to retrofit damaged portions of bridge elements. UHPC shells are beneficial for protection against deleterious environmental conditions. The application of these shells is suited for retrofitting due to easy installation, design for variety of shapes, increasing the strength of element, and reducing time and cost. In this project, thirteen beam specimens were tested under three-point flexure tests for verification of the proposed retrofitting method. These test beams included an undamaged, damaged and retrofitted beams in different configurations. The damage scenarios in beam are simulated by varying concrete and steel area loss. The test variables include shell thickness, configuration and interface between UHPC and regular concrete. The configuration of additional UHPC shell was either applied flushed or an unflushed surface. The preparation of interface was done by sand blasting and use of mechanical connectors. The results of the beam tests show that the UHPC shell concept to repair damaged bridge element is a promising concept. A comparison of retrofitted beams shows an increase in the flexure capacity of the beam compared to damaged beams. Retrofitting of beams prepared with sand blasting provided adequate bond between UHPC shell and regular concrete. Based on experimental results, a numerical and analytical study will be used to find the most feasible detail for UHPC shell. Currently additional test is developing on deck retrofitting to validate methodologies for real life application and provision of design recommendations for retrofitting with UHPC shells.
Error Management: Legal and Regulatory Responsibilities

Local, state, and federal standards, regulations, and laws regulate laboratory environments and activities that affect safety and influence surgical pathology error prevention and reduction. Laws and regulations are created by governmental bodies, and nongovernmental bodies such as medical societies enforce standards. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is the primary governmental entity involved with surgical pathology. To meet increasingly stringent accrediting agency requirements regarding surgical pathology error, surgical pathology laboratories have instituted or strengthened a number of error reduction programs. Medical malpractice risk reduction from reduced anatomic pathology error has long been a focus for pathologists, and misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, and failure to diagnose are typical allegations in medical malpractice lawsuits. The legal system is adapting to take into account the standard of cares’ increasing requirement for early, accurate, and specific diagnoses by adopting the “loss of chance” doctrine. In the future, checklists, a relatively recent addition to the health quality armamentarium, may not only provide increasing cost savings but also help decrease medical error. Apology for medical error, not long ago considered to be a popular mechanism for reducing medical malpractice risk, has recently received heavy criticism, and its future use is problematic. A no-fault system of compensation for medical injuries might in the future allow for more surgical pathology error transparency and yield increased patient safety. In the end, advancement of medical error reduction, including surgical pathology error reduction, will require reduced physician antipathy toward other stakeholders.
Alteration in goblet cell numbers and mucin gene expression in a mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis.

PURPOSE To determine whether the number of filled conjunctival goblet cells and mucin gene expression are altered in a mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS A/J mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with cat dander or the peptide P3-1 from the protein Fel d1. Two weeks later, the mice were challenged for 7 consecutive days with eye drops containing the allergens. Conjunctival tissue was harvested at 0, 6, 24, or 48 hours after final antigen challenge. Control samples were naive animals and mice sensitized with cat dander and challenged with OVA-peptide or PBS. The mean number of filled goblet cells per square millimeter in three forniceal fields for each group was determined in wholemounts of conjunctiva prepared using rhodamine-phalloidin labeling followed by confocal microscopy. RNA was isolated from conjunctiva of the contralateral eye and taken for relative quantitation of mRNA of the goblet cell mucin Muc5AC and the epithelial membrane-spanning mucin Muc4, by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The number of filled goblet cells was significantly decreased with both cat dander and P3-1, after final ocular challenge (P < 0.001). The most significant decrease over naive mice was seen at 6 hours after final challenge with both allergens. The number of filled goblet cells was still decreased but was returning toward naive levels at 24 hours (P < 0.05), and at 48 hours no significant difference was seen compared with naive, PBS-treated, and OVA-peptide-treated control samples. For both cat dander and P3-1, Muc5AC and Muc4 mRNA was found to be decreased at the time of final ocular challenge. The level of Muc5AC mRNA from goblet cells rebounded from the decrease to show an increase over control by 24 hours after final challenge, and by 48 hours, the mRNA level had returned to naive control range. In contrast, significant increases in Muc5AC mRNA were evident after final control challenge with PBS or OVA-peptide, indicating a potential irritant effect of drop application. The Muc4 mRNA level was significantly reduced at all time points except 24 hours after the last challenge. By comparison with allergen-challenged eyes, no change in Muc4 message levels was noted at any time point in OVA-peptide- or PBS-treated control eyes. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that, in the conjunctiva of mice, repetitive application of allergens induces a reduction in the number of filled goblet cells and a decrease in Muc5AC and Muc4 mRNAs. After a period of 24 to 48 hours, the goblet cell number return to naive levels, and goblet cell mucin mRNA levels return to above or within normal range, indicating a rapid recovery in the mucus secretion system.
A Submarine Volcano Is Caught in the Act

Ocean-bottom seismometers have recorded the seismic activity associated with a submarine volcanic eruption, revealing important differences from eruptions on land.
Who Really Gives? Partisanship and Charitable Giving in the United States

Voluntary contributions from individuals are the lifeblood of nonprofit organizations, which in turn fund a large portion of social services in the United States. Given this reliance donor generosity, it is important to understand who contributes, and to where. In this paper, we argue against the conventional wisdom that political conservatives are inherently more generous toward private charities than liberals. At the individual level, the large bivariate relationship between giving and conservatism vanishes after adjusting for differences in income and religiosity. At the state level, we find no evidence of a relationship between charitable giving and Republican presidential voteshare. Finally, we show that any remaining differences in giving are an artifact of Republicans' greater propensity to give to religious causes, particularly their own church. Taken together, our results counter the notion that political conservatives compensate for their opposition to governmental intervention by supporting private charities.
Who's Responsible for Female Crime? Gender, Deviance, and the Development of Soviet Social Norms in Revolutionary Russia

O n 31 January 1928 the Department of Criminal Appeals (Ugolovnaia kassatsionnaia kollegiia) of the Supreme Court of the Russian Republic (RSFSR) reviewed the case of Aleksandra Vasil'evna Gugina, sentenced by the Nizhny Novgorod regional court for murder under Article 136, Part d, of the RSFSR Criminal Code.' According to the facts of the case, nineteen-year-old Gugina became pregnant by her lover, twenty-two-year-old Pavel Vasil'evich Kiselev. Although Kiselev broke off relations with Gugina when he learned of the pregnancy, in the spring of 1927 he began to meet with her again. Some time in April, Kiselev spoke to Gugina's parents about marrying her, and with their consent Gugina moved in with him. The next day, he took her to Nizhny Novgorod, purportedly to visit his sister, but actually to get her an abortion. The doctor, however, refused to perform the procedure because Gugina was already eight months pregnant.
Teaching Ethnographic Research Methods in Social Work: A Model Course.

This article describes a social work course that incorporates instruction on ethnographic research, a contemporary qualitative methodology. The authors describe each of the seven course modules used to teach students ethnographic research methods. They cover sampling strategies, data collection, data analysis, theory development, presentation of findings, and practical application within a clinical setting. Findings from student evaluations of the usefulness and relevance of the course are also described, as are the educational and research implications of teaching ethnographic research methods within a social work curriculum.
Signs of Cherokee Culture: Sequoyah's Syllabary in Eastern Cherokee Life

Signs of Cherokee Culture: Sequoyah's Syllabary in Eastern Cherokee Life. Margaret Bender. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. xx. 187 pp.
Serum-mediated Immune Cellular Responses to Brucella melitensis I. Role of a Macrophate-stimulating Factor in Promoting Ingestion of Brucella by Streptomycin-protected Cells

Abstract Injection of rabbits with living Brucella melitensis Rev I induced the appearance of a macrophage-stimulating-factor (MSF) in the sera of these animals. MSF was involved in ingestion of bacilli, hastening the formation of protected loci as measured by the addition of lethal amounts of dihydrostreptomycin. When sufficient time had been allowed for effective ingestion, streptomycin had little effect. This in turn allowed for multiplication of bacilli intracellularly in the presence of 5 to 250 μg of drug per ml. MSF mediated more effective ingestion by both immune and normal macrophages. Under such conditions, there was little, if any, intracellular growth restriction by macrophages from immune animals. The activity appeared within the first 5 days after injection with 109 organisms and was present for several months. Three weeks after injection, the activity of serum was partially heat-labile. All activity was removed by absorption with heat-killed or living Rev I cells, suggesting that a specific globulin is concerned.
Discourse analysis of online chat reference interviews for modeling online information‐seeking dialogues

Recent developments in Web technologies have enabled a rapid increase in computer-mediated information-seeking communications. This manuscript presents the dissertation research the author is undertaking, which will involve a discourse analysis of online chat reference dialogues. The goal of the study is to examine existing information seeking behavior models in the recent context of the computer-mediated communication (CMC), and to augment the theories by developing a dialogue model of information-seeking CMC. In doing so, the study will develop an annotation scheme by incorporating dialogue act analysis into the analysis of information behavior. The contribution of the study will be to inform the design of information retrieval systems that utilize the CMC as an information resource or incorporate interactive user interface.
Origin of calcified tissue in regenerating spines of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson): A quantitative radioautographic study with tritiated thymidine

Cellular proliferation in the calcified dermis during regeneration of fractured spines of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson), was studied quantitatively in radioautograms of tissues labeled with tritiated thymidine in vivo or in vitro to establish the origin of regenerated calcified tissue. Non-fractured, whole spines were included for comparison. In short term experiments, incorporation of tritiated thymidine occurred throughout the length of regenerating and non-fractured spines, with a peak in the number and proportion of labeled cells in the shaft occurring near the milled ring, declining to low levels in the the base and tip. A localized apical growth zone was absent in these spines. In pulse-labeling experiments, there was a marked distal shift in the distribution of labeled cells during regeneration of fractured spines and in whole spines presumably due to migration. Significantly, labeled cells appeared in increasing numbers throughout the regenerate during growth. Few migratory coelomocytes within the calcified dermis were observed to incorporate detectable quantities of tritiated thymidine. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that regenerated connective tissue of the calcified dermis originates by distal migration of cells, primarily from proximal regions of relatively high mitotic activity within the shaft near the level of the milled ring.
Stabilization of carbinylcarbocation by and nucleophilic attack upon cyclopropyl and trans-2, trans-3-diphenylcyclopropyl rings. Reduction of (trans-2, trans-3-diphenylcyclopropyl)methanol and (trans-2, trans-3-diphenylcyclopropyl)cyclopropylmethanol

Abstract ( trans -2, trans -3-Diphenylcyclopropyl)methanol (R 1 OH) can be reduced to ( trans -2, trans -3-diphenylcyclopropyl)methane with NaBH 3 CN in the presence of (PhO) 3 PMeI and ( trans -2, trans -3-diphenylcyclopropyl)cyclopropylmethanol (R 2 OH) can be reduce to its hydrocarbon by BH 3 -BF 3 without ring opening. Acid catalyzed H 2 O elimination from R 2 OH by CF 3 COOH is accompanied by concerted ring opening of diphenylcyclopropyl ring with a late transition state, but S N 2 iodation of R 2 OH with (PhO) 3 PMeI results in concerted opening of the unsubstituted cyclopropyl ring. The trans -2, trans -3-diphenylcyclopropyl group is less effective than a simple cyclopropyl group in stabilizing an adjacent positive charge.
Effect of inosine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic cycling performance

ABSTRACTTen competitive male cyclists completed a Wingate Bike Test (WIN), a 30-min self-paced cycling performance bout (END), and a constant load, supramaximal cycling sprint (SPN) to fatigue following 5 d of oral supplementation (5,000 mg·day-1) with inosine and placebo. Blood samples were obtaine
Substrate Specificity of the Milk-clotting Protease from Mucor pusillus Determined on the Oxidized B-chain of Insulin

Abstract The specificity of the milk-clotting protease from the fungus Mucor pusillus has been determined on the oxidized B-chain of insulin. After digestion of the oxidized B-chain of insulin with M. pusillus protcase (1,000/1 ratio of substrate to enzyme for 20 hours at pH 4 and 37C, the peptides formed were separated by high voltage electrophoresis-chromatography, eluted from the chromatogram and the amino acid composition of each peptide was determined after hydrolysis with 6m HCl. Hydrolysis of the oxidized B-chain of insulin by M. pusillus protcase was observed at the bonds Phe 1 — Val 2, Leu 11 — Val 12, Ala 14 — Leu 15, Leu 15 — Tyr 16, Tyr 16 — Leu 17, Leu 17 — Val 18, Phe 24 — Phe 25 and Phe 25 — Tyr 26. Specificity of M. pusillus protease is compared with that of other milk-clotting enzymes.
Development and validation of an exercise performance support system for people with lower extremity impairment.

Objective. To identify innovative strategies to support appropriate, self-directed exercise that increase physical activity levels of people with arthritis. This article reports on one interactive, multimedia exercise performance support system (PSS) for people with lower extremity impairments in strength or flexibility. Methods. An interdisciplinary team developed the PSS using self-report of lower extremity musculoskeletal impairments (flexibility and strength) to produce an individualized exercise program with video and print educational materials. Initial evaluation has investigated the validity and reliability of program assessments and recommendations. Results. PSS self-report and professional assessments were similar, with more impairments indicated by self-report. PSS exercise recommendations were similar to those made by 3 expert physical therapists using the same exercise data base. Results of PSS impairment assessments were stable over a 1-week period. Conclusion. PSS exercise recommendations appear to be reliable and a valid reflection of current exercise knowledge in rheumatology. Furthermore, users were able to complete the computer-based program with minimal assistance and reported it to be enjoyable and informative.
Application of adjunct techniques in cytologic material in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma: case report and review of the literature.

A 4½-yr-old female presented with right-sided pleural effusion and a retroperitoneal mass. Cytologic analysis of the pleural fluid yielded malignant small round blue cells, which were noncohesive, 3–4 times the size of lymphocytes. The malignant cells had hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei with moderate amounts of vacuolated cytoplasm. A few fiber-shaped cells were also seen. Immunostains for desmin, muscle-specific actin were positive; ultrastructural findings of thick and thin actin-myosin filaments confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This case illustrates the importance of performing appropriate immunohistochemical stains and ultrastructural studies on cytological material to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:384–386. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
16.2 A large-area image sensing and detection system based on embedded thin-film classifiers

Large-area electronics (LAE) enables the formation of a large number of sensors capable of spanning dimensions on the order of square meters. An example is X-ray imagers, which have been scaling both in dimension and number of sensors, today reaching millions of pixels. However, processing of the sensor data requires interfacing thousands of signals to CMOS ICs, because implementation of complex functions in LAE has proven unviable due to the low electrical performance and inherent variability of the active devices available, namely amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) on glass. Envisioning applications that perform sensing on even greater scales, this work presents an approach whereby high-quality image detection is performed directly in the LAE domain using TFTs. The high variability and number of process defects affecting both the TFTs and sensors are overcome using a machine-learning algorithm known as Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) [1] to form an embedded classifier. Through AdaBoost, we show that high-dimensional sensor data can be reduced to a small number of weak-classifier decisions, which can then be combined in the CMOS domain to generate a strong-classifier decision.
Modeling the impact of age and sex on a dimension of poly-substance use in adolescence: A longitudinal study from 11- to 17-years-old

We examined the conceptual utility of modeling use of multiple substances as a trait represented by a unified dimension throughout adolescence. Adolescents (710 males and 676 females) participating in a longitudinal community study were asked whether they had used alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other controlled substances, or uncontrolled substances (i.e. over-the-counter medications and inhalants) at ages 11, 14, and 17. Using an item response theory framework, model fit indices demonstrated that although all substance use remained part of a single latent dimension, model parameters differed with age and according to sex. The impact of sex was observed at the level of the overall dimension, with reported substance use generally indicating a higher trait level (i.e. greater severity) in females than in males. While using these substances provided good information on individual trait level in mid- to late-adolescence, the trait was poorly characterized by substance use in early adolescence. Across ages and sexes, use of alcohol and tobacco tended to indicate lower trait levels than use of marijuana, other controlled substances, and uncontrolled substances. All substances provided a similar amount of information on the underlying dimension (except for uncontrolled substances, which provided the least information). This suggests that measurement and interpretation of adolescent substance use is enhanced by the consideration of a wide range of substances.
First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)

Sponges are not a common principal component of Cenozoic reefs and are more typically dominant in deep-water and/or cold-water localities. Here we report the discovery of extensive upper Pleistocene shallow-marine, tropical sponge biostromes from the Miami Limestone of southeastern Florida built by a new ceractinomorph demosponge. These upright, barrel- to vase-shaped sponges occur in monospecific aggregations constructed within the tidal channels of an oolitic tidal-bar belt similar to modern examples on the Great Bahama Bank. The biostromes appear to have a ribbon-like geometry, with densely spaced sponges populating a paleochannel along a 3.5 km extent in the most lengthy biostrome. These are very large (as high as 2 m and 1.8 m in diameter), particularly well-preserved calcified sponges with walls as hard as concrete. Quartz grains are the most common particles agglutinated in the structure of the sponge walls. Where exposed, sediment fill between the sponges is commonly a highly burrowed or cross-bedded ooid-bearing grainstone and, locally, quartz sand. It is postulated that the dense, localized distribution of these particular sponges was due to a slight edge over competitors for food or energy supply and space in a stressed environment of tidal-influenced salinity and nutrient changes, strong currents, and frequently shifting submarine sand dunes. To our knowledge, this represents the first documentation of sponge biostromes composed of very large upright sponges within high-energy tidal channels between ooid shoals. The remarkably well-preserved accumulations provide an alternative example of sponge reefs for comparative paleoenvironmental studies.
SOLVE and RESOLVE: automated structure solution, density modification and model building

The software SOLVE and RESOLVE can carry out all the steps in macromolecular structure solution, from scaling and heavy-atom location through phasing, density modification and model-building in the MAD, SAD and MIR cases. SOLVE uses scoring scheme to convert the decision-making in macromolecular structure solution to an optimization problem. RESOLVE carries out the identification of NCS, density modification and automated model-building. The procedure is fully automated and can function at resolutions as low as 3 A.
Identification of Thromboxane Synthase Amino Acid Residues Involved in Heme-Propionate Binding

Thromboxane A2 synthase (TXAS) is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and catalyzes an isomerization reaction that converts prostaglandin H2 to thromboxane A2. As a step toward understanding the structure/function relationships of TXAS, we mutated amino acid residues predicted to bind the propionate groups of A- and D-pyrrole rings of the heme. These mutations at each of these residues (Asn-110, Trp-133, Arg-137, Arg-413, and Arg-478) resulted in altered heme binding, as evidenced by perturbation of the absorption spectra and EPR. The mutations, although causing no significant changes in the secondary structure of the proteins, induced tertiary structural changes that led to increased susceptibility to trypsin digestion and alteration of the intrinsic protein fluorescence. Moreover, these mutant proteins lost their binding affinity to the substrate analog, had a lower heme content and retained less than 5% of the wild-type catalytic activity. However, mutations at the neighboring amino acid of the aforementioned residues yielded mutant proteins retaining the biochemical and biophysical properties of the wild type TXAS. Aligning the TXAS sequence with the structurally known P450s, we proposed that in TXAS the A-ring propionate of the heme is hydrogen bonded to Asn-110, Arg-413, and Arg-478, whereas D-ring propionate is hydrogen bonded to Trp-133 and Arg-137. Furthermore, both A- and D-ring propionates bulge away from the heme plane and both lie on the proximal face of heme plane, a structure similar to P450terp.
Gender diversity in management and firm performance: the influence of growth orientation and organizational culture

Abstract This study examines the influence of gender diversity in management on firm performance. The management group examined was composed of all firm members considered to be managers and officials, a broader level of analysis than past management-level diversity research that has primarily focused on groups composed of top management team (TMT) members. Adopting contingency and configurational approaches, gender diversity's interactions with two key organizational variables—organizational culture and growth orientation—were evaluated against organizational-level performance measures. Supporting contingency theory and configurational theory, the results suggest that gender diversity's effects at the management level is conditional on, that is, moderated by, the firm's strategic orientation, the organizational culture in which it resides, and/or the multivariate interaction among these variables. These findings help reconcile conflicting results of past diversity–performance research by suggesting that an appropriately configured and supportive organizational environment may need to be in place before the beneficial aspects of gender diversity can be fully realized.
Total-energy differences and eigenvalue sums

We derive a variational expression for the total-energy difference between two crystal structures in terms of the difference in the sum of the one-electron eigenvalues and additional exchange-correlation and Coulomb contributions. These terms can be made to vanish under certain approximations, but for compound formation and for changes in volume, these terms can be of significance. Our derivation clearly shows that it is the same density, not the same potential as is commonly asserted, that is used in calculating the eigenvalue sums of the two structures; this formal distinction is of importance in order to maintain the variational nature of the results. Our results provide a framework in which many commonly used expressions can be justified and generalized.
Penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy associated with semiflexible, closed-loop anterior chamber intraocular lenses

We performed penetrating keratoplasty on 32 eyes that developed pseudophakic bullous keratopathy associated with closed-loop anterior chamber intraocular lenses. All lenses were exchanged at the time of keratoplasty. Seventeen patients received anterior chamber intraocular lenses and 15 patients had a posterior chamber lens sutured to the iris or sclera. Postoperatively, 13 of 32 eyes (41%) achieved a visual acuity of 20/100 or better, and 27 of 32 eyes (84%) had a clear graft. A high incidence of cystoid macular edema (eight cases), and graft rejection (seven cases) resulted in marked visual loss.
Olfactory bulb removal and taste aversion learning in mice

Bulbectomized and unoperated mice were given 1 h of exposure to a novel food (almond) before receiving an intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride solution. Their consumption of almond was recorded for the subsequent 10 days. Mice of both groups acquired a marked aversion to almond, and the unoperated mice continued to eat little throughout the experiment. The bulbectomized mice resumed eating more rapidly and, by the third day after the induction of illness, their consumption of almond did not differ from that of a control group which had not been lithium treated. The integrity of the olfactory system appears necessary for the maintenance, though not the establishment, of a taste aversion.
The Effectiveness of Therapy with Couples Reporting a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the impact of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on couples therapy. Participants were couples seeking therapy who were screened for CSA prior to therapy. Groups were compared using self-report and therapist-rated measures of individual and relational distress. Results indicate that although therapists report significant differences between CSA couples and couples not reporting abuse at the onset of therapy, those differences do not translate into significant differences in the perceived effectiveness of therapy as measured by change scores on therapist rated levels of distress, questions regarding the effectiveness of therapy, dropout, and length of treatment.