cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GD-Wheel: a cost-aware replacement policy for key-value stores

Memory-based key-value stores, such as Memcached and Redis, are often used to speed up web applications. Specifically, they are used to cache the results of computations, such as database queries and dynamically generated web pages, so that a future request to the web application may not have to repeat the same computation. Currently, when memory-based key-value stores reach their capacity limits, they use replacement policies, like LRU and random, that are oblivious to differences among the cached results in their recomputation costs. However, this paper shows that if the costs of recomputing cached results vary significantly, as in the RUBiS and TPC-W benchmarks, then a cost-aware replacement policy will not only reduce the web application's total recomputation cost but also reduce its average response time. To this end, this paper introduces GD-Wheel, which is an amortized constant-time implementation of the GreedyDual replacement algorithm that supports a limited range of costs. In effect, GD-Wheel integrates recency of access and cost of recomputation in an efficient manner. Moreover, this paper describes an implementation of GD-Wheel in Memcached, including the modifications to Memcached's interface so that web applications can include cost information with each key-value pair, and a new cost-aware slab rebalancing policy for Memcached's slab-based memory allocator. An evaluation of this implementation using the Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark shows that GD-Wheel, when compared to LRU, reduces the total recomputation cost by as much as 90%. Moreover, GD-Wheel reduces the web application's average and 99th percentile latency to obtain the computed results by as much as 56% and 85%, respectively.
Measurements of mechanical properties of the liquid CO2-water-CO2-hydrate system

Abstract Microscopic observations of the liquid CO2-water-CO2-hydrate system were conducted to measure both the interfacial tensions in these phases and the strength of the CO2-hydrate film. Measurements on hanging drops revealed that the interfacial tension between liquid CO2 and water decreased slightly as the temperature was raised from 266.3 to 284.9 K, and that the average of the interfacial tension was about 29 dyn-cm−1. Contact angles between a water droplet and a teflon plate were measured before and after the thin film of CO2 hydrate was formed on the droplet. Comparisons of these contact angles indicated that the sums of the interfacial tensions between liquid CO2 and CO2-hydrate film and between CO2-hydrate film and water were about 26% less than between liquid CO2 and water. The destructive strength of CO2-hydrate film formed on the pendant drop was examined by using a process for breaking of the film. Measurements indicated that the strength of the CO2-hydrate film depended on the film thickness. The film thickness of CO2 hydrate was then estimated from the film strength.
A Method of Detecting Hot Spots on Semiconductors using Liquid Crystals

This paper presents a failure analysis technique which uses cholesteric liquid crystals and polarized light to locate areas of high power dissipation on an integrated circuit. The technique is non-destructive and can be performed in a few minutes using common failure analysis equipment. An example is given involving the analysis of a CMOS latch-up mechanism.
2-Amidino analogs of glycine–amiloride conjugates: Inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator

The relative non-toxicity of the diuretic amiloride, coupled with its selective inhibition of the protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), makes this compound class attractive for structure-activity studies. Herein we substituted the C(2)-acylguanidine of C(5)-glycyl-amiloride with amidine and amidoxime groups. The data show the importance of maintaining C(5)-hydrophobicity. The C(5)-benzylglycine analogs containing either C(2)-acylguanidine or amidine inhibited uPA with an IC(50) ranging from 3 to 7 μM and were cytotoxic to human U87 malignant glioma cells.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: explaining the high incidence and disproportionate frequency of the illness relative to other immunosuppressive conditions.

In the era of the AIDS pandemic, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has ceased being a rare disease. Prevalence estimates from clinical and pathological series suggest that up to 5% of all HIV-infected persons will develop PML. The extraordinary frequency with which PML attends HIV infection vastly exceeds its appearance in association with other predisposing conditions and has resulted in it no longer being considered a rare disorder. Why PML appears to be far more common with AIDS than with other underlying immunosuppressive conditions remains unexplained. Potential explanations include an alteration of the CNS milieu by HIV facilitating JC viral entry into the brain and activation of the JCV by HIV proteins, e.g., tat, and by inflammatory byproducts of HIV infection. It is quite likely that multiple diverse mechanisms are at play.
Innate immune recognition and control of adaptive immune responses.

The immune system of higher vertebrates consists of two components: innate and adaptive. The innate immune system relies on a set of germ-line encoded receptors that recognize conserved molecular patterns found only in microorganisms. The adaptive immune system uses somatically generated antigen receptors which are clonally distributed on the two types of lymphocytes: T cells and B cells. These antigen receptors are generated by random processes and, as a consequence, the general design of the adaptive immune system is based on clonal selection of lymphocytes expressing receptors with particular specificities. Here we discuss the essential role of the innate immune system in the clonal selection of lymphocytes and activation of the adaptive immune responses.
Molecular dynamic simulations of crack propagation

Abstract Molecular dynamic simulations of crack propagation are reviewed with emphasis on the investigations of the last 5 yr. The major part of the review is based on the work of the authors and their colleagues and covers the following main topics: the role of the interatomic potential, the local stresses at the crack tip, dymamic simulations with emphasis on the crack propagation velocity, and some environmental effects on fracture.
The skeletal dysplasias

The skeletal dysplasias (osteochondrodysplasias) are a heterogeneous group of more than 350 disorders frequently associated with orthopedic complications and varying degrees of dwarfism or short stature. These disorders are diagnosed based on radiographic, clinical, and molecular criteria. The molecular mechanisms have been elucidated in many of these disorders providing for improved clinical diagnosis and reproductive choices for affected individuals and their families. An increasing variety of medical and surgical treatment options can be offered to affected individuals to try to improve their quality of life and lifespan.
Thermal via placement in 3D ICs

As thermal problems become more evident, new physical design paradigms and tools are needed to alleviate them. Incorporating thermal vias into integrated circuits (ICs) is a promising way of mitigating thermal issues by lowering the thermal resistance of the chip itself. However, thermal vias take up valuable routing space, and therefore, algorithms are needed to minimize their usage while placing them in areas where they would make the greatest impact. With the developing technology of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs), thermal problems are expected to be more prominent, and thermal vias can have a larger impact on them than in traditional 2D ICs. In this paper, thermal vias are assigned to specific areas of a 3D IC and used to adjust their effective thermal conductivities. The thermal via placement method makes iterative adjustments to these thermal conductivities in order to achieve a desired maximum temperature objective. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used in formulating the method and in calculating temperatures quickly during each iteration. As a result, the method efficiently achieves its thermal objective while minimizing the thermal via utilization.
The Trial of Heritage and the Legacy of Abraham

This article, which broadly explores the impact of myth on literature and history, locates contemporary articulations of masculine identity with the founding myths, particularly that of Abraham. The story of Abraham, as it has been rendered in the Old Testament and in the Qur’an and as it has been read in modern times, brings together religious and nationalist formulations of identity. The article examines the limitations of nationalist and fundamentalist readings of this myth which have not only foreclosed the narrative possibilities of this story but have also led to the enactment of violence and exclusion in history through such readings. The latter part of the article looks to recent literature and poetry that respond to this delimited old myth and that interrogate the closure that it presumably has. Through the writing of Mahmoud Darwish and Assia Djebar, the article attempts to show a complex interrogation of the figure of Abraham, one that would reveal how readings of Abraham are open to contestati...
Mechanistic Studies of the Inactivation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-l-ornithine (l-NIO)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline and nitric oxide. N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-l-ornithine (l-NIO, 5) is a natural product known to inactivate NOS, but the m...
Torque ripple minimization of Switched Reluctance Motors using speed signal based phase current profiling

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has significant ripple in the total output torque production. The torque ripple is reflected in the speed through mechanical dynamics of the drive system. In this paper the ripple in the speed signal is used in closed loop control, to minimize the torque ripple during commutation. The speed signal can be obtained through speed sensor or estimator, which is less complicated and more cost effective than using a torque sensor. In spite of being filtered by the inertia, the ripple information can be extracted from speed signal using signal processing mechanism. This paper shows that properly extracted signal has acceptable correlation in terms of shape with the torque ripple. The acquired ripple information is used for the SRM phase current shaping during commutation and results show that the proper shaping of current in the commutation portion has minimized the torque ripple significantly.
Inferring intent in eye-based interfaces: tracing eye movements with process models

While current eye-based interfaces offer enormous potential for efficient human-computer interaction, they also manifest the difficulty of inferring intent from user eye movements. This paper describes how fixation tracing facilitates the interpretation of eye movements and improves the flexibility and usability of eye-based interfaces. Fixation tracing uses hidden Markov models to map user actions to the sequential predictions of a cognitive process model. In a study of eye typing, results show that fixation tracing generates significantly more accurate interpretations than simpler methods and allows for more flexibility in designing usable interfaces. Implications for future research in eye-based interfaces and multimodal interfaces are discussed.
Memory bias for fatness stimuli in the eating disorders

This investigation studied the presence of a memory bias for words connoting fatness in persons diagnosed with an eating disorder. Eating disorder subjects were compared to a nonsymptomatic control group and to a symptomatic (weight-preoccupied) control group. A memory bias for fatness words in eating disorder patients was found. There was no evidence for a memory bias in either group of control subjects, i.e., those who were preoccupied with body size and shape nor those without extreme preoccupation. The three groups did not differ in the recall of nonfat or neutral words. These results were interpreted as evidence in support of the hypothesis that activating self-schemata in eating disorder patients results in a recall bias for fat-related stimuli.
Congenital muscular dystrophy and epidermolysis bullosa simplex

Description d'une famille sur 7 generations avec de nombreux mariages consanguins, famille qui vehicule sur un mode autosomique recessif l'association d'une dystrophie musculaire congenitale et d'une nouvelle forme d'epidermolyse bulleuse du fait de sa recessivite et de son evolution clinique severe
Multiple in silico tools predict phenotypic manifestations in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is a rare, recessively inherited genetic disorder with varying clinical presentation that is caused by ADAMTS13 mutations. Several studies have found limited associations between ADAMTS13 mutations and cTTP phenotype. The use of in silico tools that examine multiple mutation characteristics may better predict phenotype. We analysed 118 ADAMTS13 mutations found in 144 cTTP patients reported in the literature and examined associations of several mutation characteristics, including N-terminal proximity, the evolutionary conservation of the affected amino acid position, as well as amino acid charge/phosphorylation and genetic codon usage to disease phenotype. Structure-altering mutations were examined for their impact on ADAMTS13 function based on existing ADAMTS13 crystallographic data (AA 77-685). Our in silico data indicate that: (i) The position of the mutation in the N- or C-terminus, (ii) evolutionary conservation and (iii) codon usage of the affected mutation position are associated with disease parameters, such as age of onset, organ damage and fresh frozen plasma prophylaxis. In conclusion, the usage of multiple in silico tools presents a promising strategy in refining predictions for the diverse presentation of cTTP. Enhancing our utilization of in silico tools to find genotype-phenotype associations will create better-tailored approaches for individual patient treatment.
Extremely small motions of the basilar membrane in the inner ear.

THERE is a great deal of speculation about the amplitudes of cochlear membrane motion calculated by various authors for the lower threshold of hearing, which indicate an order of magnitude of motion smaller than the diameter of a hydrogen atom. These deflexions are detected and converted by the hair cells into nerve impulses which are recognized by the brain. Because these motions are too small to be observed physically, the various published values are theoretical extensions of experiments performed at much higher amplitudes. For example, von Bekesy1,2 has linearly extrapolated his measurements to give 10−11 cm r.m.s. basilar membrane motion for 1,000 Hz at the lower threshold. Because the behaviour of the auditory system is nonlinear, the calculations based on a linear model are questionable.
Microwave properties of n‐type InSb in a magnetic field between 4 and 300 °K

A two-band conduction model is used to determine the properties of shallow-type impurity semiconductors in the presence of microwave and dc magnetic fields as a function of temperature. Measurements using cavity perturbation techniques are employed to determine the properties of n-type InSb and theoretical and experimental results between 4 and 300 K are compared. The hot-electron effect was found to be insignificant between 77 and 300 K, and the scattering mechanisms are dominated by acoustic and polar modes over the same temperature range.-
The Use of Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Serum Prostate Specific Anitgen in Men 60 years Old or Older

AbstractSeveral investigations have determined that the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration is dependent upon patient age and, as a result, reference ranges wider than 0.0 to 4.0 ng./ml. have been suggested for men 60 years old or older. To determine the clinical usefulness of the age-specific reference ranges--0.0 to 4.5 ng./ml. for men 60 to 69 years old and 0.0 to 6.5 ng./ml. for men 70 years old or older--the medical records of 2,988 men 60 years old or older who presented to a single urological practice were examined. All patients were evaluated with a serum PSA determination, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. A total of 1,686 prostate biopsies was performed (biopsy rate 56 percent) and 608 cancers were diagnosed (cancer detection rate 20 percent).By using the age-specific reference ranges as compared to the 0.0 to 4.0 ng./ml. reference range, the sensitivity of PSA for detecting early prostate cancer decreased by 9 percent, while the specificity and positive pred...
A Phase I Trial of Isolated Hepatic Perfusion (IHP) Using 5-FU and Oxaliplatin in Patients with Unresectable Isolated Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer

Background Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) with melphalan is an established approach for patients with unresectable metastatic liver lesions. This study determined the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 5-FU with oxaliplatin via IHP.
Dancing Deans: Dance Educators Move into the Executive Ranks

ABSTRACT Until the 1960s, dance faculty spent considerable time and energy justifying the field as an academic pursuit separate from physical education and equal to other arts disciplines, leaving them little time to move into the executive ranks of academia. By the 1990s, with the increased stability of dance in higher education, several dance educators moved into positions of dean, provost, and vice president, breaking this “glass ceiling.” This study is an initial look at four women who were able to move beyond their single-discipline responsibilities to join the ranks of executive administrators, requiring a vision of dance in relationship to and in competition with other academic disciplines. Methodology followed oral history techniques, using interviews concerning career pathways and choices. The author ends by asking how the field might consistently address the education and mentoring of administrators through formal curricula.
Average power analysis of sequential circuits using an autoregressive model

We present a new statistical technique for average power estimation in sequential circuits. Because of the feedback loops, power dissipations of sequential circuits in consecutive clock cycles are temporally correlated. The existence of data correlation makes it unsuitable to apply conventional techniques to average power inference, because the sample variance is no longer a maximum likelihood estimator. The convergence criterion derived from the biased variance estimation will be overly optimistic, causing power simulation to stop prematurely at a lower-than-specified estimation accuracy. To overcome this problem, we propose a systematic approach for modeling the power dissipation behavior of sequential circuits as an autoregressive random process. An accurate process variance can be obtained by the model parameters, which enables the derivation of a robust confidence interval of the average power. The interval is checked for convergence against a user-specified accuracy criterion. An iterative procedure is developed to invoke these steps repeatedly until the convergence specification is met. For a set of benchmark sequential circuits, this technique yields high accuracy and efficiency.
PROBING UNSTABLE MASSIVE NEUTRINOS WITH CURRENT COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND OBSERVATIONS

The pattern of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background depends upon the masses and lifetimes of the three neutrino species. A neutrino species of mass greater than 10 eV with lifetime between ${10}^{13}$ and ${10}^{17}\mathrm{sec}$ leaves a very distinct signature (due to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect): the anisotropies at large angles are predicted to be comparable to those on degree scales. Present data exclude such a possibility and hence this region of parameter space. For ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\simeq}30\mathrm{eV}$, $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\simeq}{10}^{13}\mathrm{sec}$, we find an interesting possibility: the integrated Sachs-Wolfe peak produced by the decaying neutrino in low- $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ models mimics the acoustic peak expected in an $\ensuremath{\Omega}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$ model.
The Impact of Meal Duration on a Corporate Casual Full-Service Restaurant Chain

This study consisted of observational analysis of servers and guests at various locations of a corporate casual full-service restaurant chain. Analysis of variance and regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Meal period and party size were found to have a statistically significant impact on meal duration in casual full-service restaurants. A predictive model was developed based on the relationship between meal period, party size, and meal duration. The results of this study are beneficial for restaurant managers who want to predict the duration of meals in an effort to maximize revenue management potential through table turnovers.
pT, A new classification system for toxic compounds

The use of pT, the reciprocal of the logarithm of the molar concentration of harmful compounds, allows a simple, quantitative expression of the potential for toxicity of a wide variety of compounds on a molar basis. Comparison of representative toxic compounds gives a valuable perspective on some chemical hazards shared by the biomedical community and society.
Association Between Bone Marrow Dosimetric Parameters and Acute Hematologic Toxicity in Anal Cancer Patients Treated With Concurrent Chemotherapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the volume of pelvic bone marrow (PBM) receiving 10 and 20 Gy or more (PBM-V{sub 10} and PBM-V{sub 20}) is associated with acute hematologic toxicity (HT) in anal cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods and Materials: We analyzed 48 consecutive anal cancer patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. The median radiation dose to gross tumor and regional lymph nodes was 50.4 and 45 Gy, respectively. Pelvic bone marrow was defined as the region extending from the iliac crests to the ischial tuberosities, including the os coxae, lumbosacral spine, and proximal femora. Endpoints included the white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin, and platelet count nadirs. Regression models with multiple independent predictors were used to test associations between dosimetric parameters and HT. Results: Twenty patients (42%) had Stage T3-4 disease; 15 patients (31%) were node positive. Overall, 27 (56%), 24 (50%), 4 (8%), and 13 (27%) experienced acute Grade 3-4 leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, respectively. On multiple regression analysis, increased PBM-V{sub 5}, V{sub 10}, V{sub 15}, and V{sub 20} were significantly associated with decreased WBC and ANC nadirs, as were female gender, decreased body mass index, andmore » increased lumbosacral bone marrow V{sub 10}, V{sub 15}, and V{sub 20} (p < 0.05 for each association). Lymph node positivity was significantly associated with a decreased WBC nadir on multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This analysis supports the hypothesis that increased low-dose radiation to PBM is associated with acute HT during chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer. Techniques to limit bone marrow irradiation may reduce HT in anal cancer patients.« less
EXAFS Studies of Interfaces in ZnTe/CdSe Superlattices

Polarization-dependent grazing incidence EXAFS, employing the electron yield technique, has been used to study the local atomic structure of two different short-period ZnTe/CdSe (001) superlattices grown by MBE. This data indicate Zn-Se and Cd-Te coordination numbers greater than those expected for sharp interfaces in the superlattice. Although strain would appear to suppress interdiffusion, we show that the results are consistent with an interchange of Zn and Cd atoms across the Zn-Se interface, and Se and Te atoms across the Cd-Te interface. We discuss accommodation of this increased strain through bond bending and bond stretching. We also discuss other experiments in progress to more fully understand these interfaces.
The IELR(1) algorithm for generating minimal LR(1) parser tables for non-LR(1) grammars with conflict resolution

There has been a recent effort in the literature to reconsider grammar-dependent software development from an engineering point of view. As part of that effort, we examine a deficiency in the state of the art of practical LR parser table generation. Specifically, LALR sometimes generates parser tables that do not accept the full language that the grammar developer expects, but canonical LR is too inefficient to be practical particularly during grammar development. In response, many researchers have attempted to develop minimal LR parser table generation algorithms. In this paper, we demonstrate that a well known algorithm described by David Pager and implemented in Menhir, the most robust minimal LR(1) implementation we have discovered, does not always achieve the full power of canonical LR(1) when the given grammar is non-LR(1) coupled with a specification for resolving conflicts. We also detail an original minimal LR(1) algorithm, IELR(1) (Inadequacy Elimination LR(1)), which we have implemented as an extension of GNU Bison and which does not exhibit this deficiency. Using our implementation, we demonstrate the relevance of this deficiency for several real-world parser specifications, and we demonstrate the feasibility of IELR(1). Finally, we demonstrate that, if canonical LR(1) were employed instead, grammar development would be severely impeded regardless of the power of the computer hardware.
APPLICATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE TO STUDY THE DYNAMIC TENSILE FAILURE OF CONCRETE

A new technique to test concrete in dynamic tension is described. The results of an experiment are interpreted using numerical simulations.
Robust variance estimation in linear regression

The standard technique for estimating the variance of a linear regression coefficient is unbiased when the random errors of the observational units are independent and identically distributed. When the unit variances are not all equal, however, as is often the case in practice, this method can be biased. An unbiased variance estimator given uncorrelated, but not necessarily homoscedastic, unit errors is introduced here and compared to the conventional technique using real data.
Critical exponents of a three-component ethanol-water-chloroform mixture

Abstract The measured renormalized critical exponents for the ethanol-water-chloroform mixture near its plait point show first evidence of the nonzero critical exponent η in a three-component fluid system, demonstrate the critical-exponent renormalization, and verify the scaling relations.
The nature of developmental constraints and the difference-maker argument for externalism

One current version of the internalism/externalism debate in evolutionary theory focuses on the relative importance of developmental constraints in evolutionary explanation. The received view of developmental constraints sees them as an internalist concept that tend to be shared across related species as opposed to selective pressures that are not. Thus, to the extent that constraints can explain anything, they can better explain similarity across species, while natural selection is better able to explain their differences. I challenge both of these aspects of the received view and propose a hierarchical view of constraints.
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous nuclear spin echoes in organic solids: Adamantane

Abstract Under conditions of proton dipolar decoupling, the 13C magnetization in adamantane has been further subjected to the following separate coherent averaging procedures: magic angle mechanical spinning, Carr-Purcell, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill, and multiple-pulse (solid echo) sequences. A comparison of the respective widths of the 13C NMR response demonstrates that in adamantane the 13C13C intermolecular dipolar coupling is approximately 40 Hz; all but the Carr-Purcell sequence reduced this, albeit with varying efficiencies. It is suggested that in an organic solid with substantial molecular motion in the kilohertz range, the 13C13C dipolar coupling can limit spectral resolution even under magic angle sample spinning.
Identification of the structural and functional boundaries of the multidrug resistance protein 1 cytoplasmic loop 3.

Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 is a member of the ABCC branch of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily that can confer resistance to natural product chemotherapeutic drugs and transport a variety ofconjugated organic anions, as well as some unconjugated compounds in a glutathione- (GSH-) dependent manner. In addition to the two tandemly repeated polytopic membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) typical of ABC transporters, MRP1 and its homologues MRP2, -3, -6, and -7 contain a third NH 2 -terminal MSD. The cytoplasmic loop (CL3) connecting this MSD, but apparently not the MSD itself, is required for MRP1 leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ) transport activity, substrate binding and appropriate trafficking of the protein to the basolateral membrane. We have used a baculovirus dual-expression system to produce various functionally complementing fragments of MRP1 in insect Sf21 cells to precisely define the region in CL3 that is required for activity and substrate binding. Using a parallel approach in polarized MDCK-I cells, we have also defined the region of CL3 that is required for basolateral trafficking. The CL3 NH 2 - and COOH-proximal functional boundaries have been identified as Cys 2 0 8 and Asn 2 6 0 , respectively. Cys 2 0 8 also corresponds to the NH 2 -proximal boundary of the region required for basolateral trafficking in MDCK-I cells. However, additional residues downstream of the CL3 COOH-proximal functional boundary extending to Lys 2 7 0 were found to be important for basolateral localization. Finally, we show that regions in CL3 necessary for LTC 4 binding and transport are also required for binding of the photoactivatable GSH derivative azidophenacyl-GSH.
X-ray diffraction of polycrystalline Ti4O7

Abstract X-ray powder diffraction of powder and sintered EBONEX (nominally Ti 4 O 7 ) is reported. The patterns show clearly the existance of another Magneli phase (Ti 5 O 9 ) in both forms of the material. Its concentration was determined from the integrated intensity ratios of the (101) vs. (101) the (121) vs. (121) and the (206) vs. (208) lines of Ti 4 O 7 vs. Ti 5 O 9 , respectively. For samples taken from one batch, the powder form of EBONEX contains ca. 25±5 a% of Ti 5 O 9 while the sintered form contains about twice as much. Samples from another batch, prepared under improved process control, showed ca. 10a% of Ti 5 O 9 in the powder form of the material. Both forms contain small traces of other phases as well, e.g., Ti 3 O 5 in the powder and Ti 6 O 11 in the sintered material. These results agree with recently reported ESR line-broadening measurements. We also observed aging effects such as gradual oxidation in the sintered material.
Adaptive mode superposition and acceleration technique with application to frequency response function and its sensitivity

An adaptive mode superposition and acceleration technique (AMSAT) is proposed and implemented into the computation of frequency response functions (FRFs) and their sensitivities. Based on the mode superposition and mode acceleration methods for the FRFs, m-version, s-version, and ms-version adaptive schemes are presented. In these schemes, the error resulted from the mode truncation and/or series truncation is, at first, estimated at every specific frequency, respectively. Then, one more mode (called m-version), or one more level of the series (called s-version), or the combination (called ms-version) is included in the computation of the FRF when its error is greater than the error tolerance. The new FRF is recalculated and its error is re-evaluated. This procedure is repeated until all the errors fall below the specified value. Although only the implementation of FRFs and their sensitivities is demonstrated in this paper, the proposed adaptive technique may be applied to the computation of dynamic responses in time domain and their sensitivities, sensitivity of eigenpairs, modal energy, etc. One numerical example is included to demonstrate the application of the proposed adaptive schemes. The results show that the present schemes work very well. The s- and ms-version adaptive schemes are much more efficient than m-version scheme. Since the intention of this paper is to propose these new procedures, the damping, particularly the non-classical damping, is not included due to the complexity.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray analysis of the unliganded recombinant catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase

X-ray diffraction-quality crystals of the unliganded mouse recombinant catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique using 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as precipitant. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group P21 with unit-cell parameters a = 48.9, b = 147.4, c = 54.2 A, beta = 110.2 degrees. A data set to 3.0 A resolution with 92% completeness has been collected using synchrotron radiation. The unit cell contains four molecules of molecular weight 40 kDa with a corresponding volume solvent content of 45%.
The wealth effect of merger activity and the objective functions of merging firms

Abstract This paper studies the net effects of the long-run sequence of events leading to merger, and of merger per se, on shareholder wealth. The appropriate measure of the wealth effect is shown to be the abnormal dollar return cumulated over time. Using this measure, the long-run wealth effect of the event sequence culminating in merger is significantly negative for acquiring firms. For acquired firms, the effect is negative, but not significant. The immediate impact of merger per se is positive and highly significant for acquired firms but larger in absolute value, and negative for acquiring firms. The evidence also reveals that measured abnormal rates of return to acquiring firms are sensitive to a slight variation in model specification and dependent on firm size, with smaller firms earning significantly negative post-merger returns.
Formal and Informal Organizational Activities of People Who Inject Drugs in New York City: Description and Correlates

Little is known about group memberships of people who inject drugs (PWID). Three hundred PWID were interviewed about formal and informal group participation and risk behaviors. Many took part in groups related to problems and resources associated with injecting drugs, religion, sports or gender. Harm reduction group and support group participation was associated with less risk behavior; sports groups participation with more risk behavior. Group involvement by PWID may be important to their lives and/or affect prevention or infectious disease transmission. More research is needed about determinants and consequences of their and other drug users' group memberships.
Granular axial band formation in rotating tumblers: a discrete element method study

The onset mechanism for band formation of a granular mixture in long rotating tumblers is still largely unresolved. We study this issue for axial segregation of binary mixtures having different size particles, using discrete element method simulations. Endwalls initiate axial segregation via an axial flow due to friction. The non-uniform distribution of axial velocity in the flow together with simultaneous radial segregation via percolation results in the axial flow rate of the two types of particles differing in the upstream and downstream portions of the flowing layer. Thus, small particles are driven further from the endwalls, while large particles accumulate at the endwalls. Once this occurs, a cascading mechanism begins so that other bands form due to the gradient in particle concentration near the endwalls. A small axial flow between segregated bands of small and large particles persists even after the bands are fully developed.
The calorimeter of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

The Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, has been making revolutionary observations of the high-energy (20 MeV - 300 GeV) gamma-ray sky since its launch in June 2008. The LAT calorimeter is a modular array of 1536 CsI(Tl) crystals supported within 16 carbon fiber structures and read out at each crystal end with silicon PIN photodiodes to provide both energy and position information. The hodoscopic crystal stack allows imaging of electromagnetic showers and cosmic rays for improved energy measurement and background rejection. Signals from the array of photodiodes are processed by custom ASICs and commercial ADCs. We describe the calorimeter design and the primary factors that led those design choices.
Optimal channels for positive parity, strangeness −1 dibaryons

Abstract The question of the possible existence of positive-parity, strangeness −1 dibaryons lying below corresponding baryon-baryon thresholds is addressed in the context of a QCD-inspired potential model. One channel, with I = 1 2 , J = 3 , is found capable of supporting such a resonance. This prediction provides an independent test for the proposed physical mechanisms underlying recent descriptions of short-range NN forces in terms of quark interactions.
The Susceptibility of Olfactory Measures to Malingering

Few studies have assessed the effect of malingering on behavioral measures of olfactory functioning. Understanding the limitations of these measures may aid in the accurate interpretation of atypical test results produced by research participants and patients assessed in clinical settings. This study investigated the susceptibility of two measures of olfaction to naive and sophisticated attempts to malinger. Sixty particpants were randomly assigned to three conditions that varied in the amount of coaching they received on how to successfully malinger on two measures of olfactory dysfunction. Both the University of Pennslyvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Sniff Magnitude Test (SMT: a measure of odor-induced sniff suppression) appear susceptible to malingering. The UPSIT was more successful at detecting naive malingerers than the SMT, but even modest coaching enabled most participants to successfully fake an olfactory impairment. The SMT was more resistant to malingering than the UPSIT in that the majority of participants attempting to fake an olfactory deficit performed in the normal range. The combination of the two tests proved to be the most effective approach to the accurate assessment of olfactory ability.
A computer sub-program for calculating the generalized Wilcoxon test

This subroutine calculates the W statistic and a distribution-free two samples test. It is an extension of the Wilcoxon test. This routine is especially suitable for comparing survival distributions. For example, in a clinical trial it may be required to compare two treatments for their ability to prolong life or maintain a patient in a well state. The two treatment groups are designated Group I and Group II. Uncensored times are those from start of study to failure. Censored times are those from start of study to time of withdrawal alive or time of loss to follow-up. A complete discussion of the generalized Wilcoxon test is given by Gehan.
Romantic relationship characteristics and alcohol use: longitudinal associations with dual method contraception use

Abstract Purpose Dual method contraception use, or the use of one type of contraceptive intended to prevent pregnancy combined with another type intended to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infection, may be the most effective method to prevent both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. This study tested the association between relationship length, relationship type (married, cohabiting, dating but not cohabiting), global alcohol use, and situational alcohol use and the probability of dual method contraception use from 20 to 23 years of age. Methods Hierarchical linear modeling analyses were conducted using longitudinal data from 754 sexually active male and female young adults aged 20–23 years. Dependent variables included both any dual method contraception use and consistent dual method contraception use. Results Between 15% and 20% of respondents reported consistent dual method contraception use at each time point. Longer relationship length and more committed relationship type were associated with a lower probability of both any and consistent dual method contraception use. Situational alcohol use (drinking before sex), but not global alcohol use, also was related to a lower probability of both any and consistent dual method contraception use. Increasing age was associated with a lower probability of any dual method contraception use, but was not related to consistent dual method use. Conclusions Efforts to promote dual method contraception among young adults should include messages discouraging drinking before sex and supporting dual method use even in the context of committed relationships.
Femur mass: modulation by marrow cells from young and old donors.

SummaryMice were given a lethal dose of X-radiation and protected with marrow cells from young or old donors. Four to six months later femur mass was determined. Femur mineral mass was decreased when marrow cells from old mice were transplanted into young or mature recipients and increased when young marrow cells were given to aging mice.
The skeleton as an endocrine organ

Surprising new discoveries in the field of skeletal biology show that bone cells produce endocrine hormones that regulate phosphate and glucose homeostasis. In this Review, we examine the features of these new endocrine pathways and discuss their physiological importance in the context of our current understanding of energy metabolism and mineral homeostasis. Consideration of evolutionary and comparative biology provides clues that a key driving force for the emergence of these hormonal pathways was the development of a large, energy-expensive musculoskeletal system. Specialized bone cells also evolved and produced endocrine hormones to integrate the skeleton in global mineral and nutrient homeostasis. The recognition of bone as a true endocrine organ represents a fertile area for further research and should improve the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus.
Passive Magnetoquasistatic Position Measurement Using Coupled Magnetic Resonances

Measurements of the reflected magnetoquasistatic fields at the terminals of a fixed generating resonant magnetic dipole (an electrically small resonating current loop) due to a mobile coupled resonating magnetic dipole is presented. Using a copolarized fixed transmit-receive and mobile loop, with co-aligned loop surface normals, coupling was measured for distances up to 2.19 m along the direction of the surface normals to include the strongly coupled magnetic resonance region. Inverting the theoretical expressions to estimate distance from measured field values resulted in an average and rms error of 0.61 and 0.76 cm, respectively, for distances up to 1.686 m.
Synthesis of anhydrous yttrium and rare earth vanadium oxides from aqueous solution

Simple salt metathesis reactions from aqueous solutions of soluble precursor salts—Na3VO4 and LnX3 (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Dy; X = Cl, NO3, CH3CO2) afford anhydrous yttrium and rare earth orthovanadates. The morphology of the resulting orthovanadates may be modified through variation of the crystallization configuration (test tube vs. u-tube), medium (aqueous, nonaqueous, gel), and reaction conditions (inclusion of chelating agents).
Pb2+ exposure alters the lens αA-crystallin protein profile in vivo and induces cataract formation in lens organ culture

Epidemiological data supports lead exposure as a risk factor for cataract development. Previous studies which demonstrated oxidative imbalances in the lens following in vivo Pb 2+ exposure support the idea that lead exposure can alter the lens biochemical homeostasis which may ultimately lead to loss of lens clarity with time. -Crystallin, a major lens structural protein and molecular chaperone, undergoes various post-translational modifications upon aging which may contribute to decreased chaperone function and contribute to loss of lens clarity. This study evaluated the impact of 5 weeks of oral Pb 2+ exposure (peripheral Pb 2+ level ∼30g/dL) on the A-crystallin protein profile of the lens from Fisher 344 rats. Decreases in relative protein spot intensity of more acidic forms ofA- andA4-crystallin and of truncated forms of A-crystallin were noted. This data indicates that changes in post-translational processing of crystallins do occur in vivo following short courses of clinically relevant Pb 2+ -exposure. In addition, organ culture of lenses from 4.5-month-old rats in 5 MP b 2+ resulted in opacities, demonstrating that lead is toxic to
Performance of combined solar-heat pump systems

Abstract A comparative study of the performance of combined solar heat pump systems for residential space and domestic hot water heating has been undertaken. Simulations have been made with TRNSYS[1] of three basic combined configurations, as well as conventional solar and conventional heat pump systems, in two different climates, Madison, Wisconsin, and Albuquerque, New Mexico. The three combined systems are the series system in which the solar storage is used as the source for the heat pump, the parallel system in which ambient air is used as the source for the heat pump, and the dual source system in which the storage or ambient is used as the source depending on which source yields the lowest work input. The influence of collector area, number of glazings, main storage volume to collector area ratio, and heat pump coefficient of performance were determined. The results indicate that the parallel combined system is probably the most practical solar-heat pump configuration. The thermal performance at a given collector area is consistently superior to both the series or the dual source systems over the heating season. Costs and the extent to which summer cooling is a requirement determine the relative merit of the conventional heat pump, conventional heat pump, conventional solar, and parallel systems.
Dynamic risk analysis using alarm databases to improve process safety and product quality: Part I—Data compaction

In most industrial processes, vast amounts of data are recorded through their distributed control systems (DCSs) and emergency shutdown (ESD) systems. This two-part article presents a dynamic risk analysis methodology that uses alarm databases to improve process safety and product quality. The methodology consists of three steps: (i) tracking of abnormal events over an extended period of time, (ii) event-tree and set-theoretic formulations to compact the abnormal-event data, and (iii) Bayesian analysis to calculate the likelihood of the occurrence of incidents. Steps (i) and (ii) are presented in Part I and step (iii) in Part II. The event-trees and set-theoretic formulations allow compaction of massive numbers (millions) of abnormal events. For each abnormal event, associated with a process or quality variable, its path through the safety or quality systems designed to return its variable to the normal operation range is recorded. Event trees are prepared to record the successes and failures of each safety or quality system as it acts on each abnormal event. Over several months of operation, on the order of 106 paths through event trees are stored. The new set-theoretic structure condenses the paths to a single compact data record, leading to significant improvement in the efficiency of the probabilistic calculations and permitting Bayesian analysis of large alarm databases in real time. As a case study, steps (i) and (ii) are applied to an industrial, fluidized-catalytic-cracker. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012