cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Photoaged Skin With Topical Tretinoin Increases Epidermal-Dermal Anchoring Fibrils: A Preliminary Report

Topical 0.1% tretinoin or vehicle control was applied daily to the forearm skin of six caucasian adults for 4 months. Two-millimeter punch biopsy specimens were obtained from treatment sites at the beginning and end of the study period for electron microscopy. Anchoring fibrils within the epidermal-dermal junction of skin treatment sites were quantitated by blinded, standardized, computer-assisted morphometry. After 4 months of continual daily treatment, skin sites that received topical tretinoin showed double the anchoring fibril density compared with vehicle control sites (1.34 anchoring fibrils per micron of lamina densa vs 0.65, respectively). The possible mechanisms by which topical tretinoin increases anchoring fibrils in skin include the drug's property of inhibiting collagenase, a dermal enzyme that degrades anchoring fibril collagen. We speculate that increased numbers of collagenous anchoring fibrils within the papillary dermis of human skin is one of the connective-tissue correlates of the clinical improvement observed in photoaged skin after treatment with topical tretinoin. ( JAMA . 1990;263:3057-3059)
Ion flotation of dichromate with a cationic surfactant

An experimental investigation is presented of the flotation of dichromate ion from aqueous solution with a cationic surfactant, ethylheaxadecyldimethylammonium (EHDA) bromide. Dichromate forms a colloidal complex with EHDA ion in a molar ratio of approximately 1 : 2. Excess surfactant causes the formation of a stable foam to which the complex is adsorbed, providing the separation of dichromate from aqueous solution. Batch flotation studies were conducted utilizing approximately 2-liter solutions containing from 10 to 200 mg. of dichromate ion (4.8 to 96.3 mg. of hevavalent chromium), with masses of EHDA-Br ranging from 400 to 800 mg. The effects of mass of surfactant added, dichromate concentration, pH, and possible interfering anions were determined. A comparison is made with pure surfactant solutions, and the mechanism of the process is discussed. Most efficient operation is achieved with a molar feed ration of EHDA ion to dichromate ion from 2.1 to 3.0, and removal ratios ranging from 80 to 95% are obtained. Reduction of the residual dichromate below 10% of the feed concentration requires additional surfactant and produces excessive foam, which could be overcome by modifications in operating conditions.
Le Proche et le lointain: Un siècle d'anthropologie au Maroc

Since the end of the nineteenth century, Morocco has served as a repeated site for ethnographic investigation, a locus classicus for the elaboration of social theory, and a central region in what B...
Effects of isoproterenol on Cl transport in rat submandibular salivary-gland acini.

Abstract In the absence of the β-adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol, acini accumulated 36 Cl in a time-dependent manner until a steady-state content of 7.4 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein was attained after 5 min of incubation. In the presence of 10 μM isoproterenol the tracer content increased significantly in the first few minutes (40 per cent after 2 min, 33 per cent after 5 min) but then decreased and was essentially the same as in the absence of agonist after 15 min. This effect was inhibited by 1 mM furosemide but was still observed when the cells were incubated in K-free medium. Exposure of tracer-preloaded cells with steady-state isotope content to 10 μM isoproterenol likewise caused a transient but significant increase in tracer content (32 per cent after 6 min); exposure to 1 μM acetylcholine caused a significant and sustained decrease in tracer content (30 per cent), which was not prevented by pre-incubating the cells for 5 min with isoproterenol. Similar transient increases in tracer content of preloaded cells were observed upon exposure to 10 μM concentrations of forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP. Stimulation of β-receptors does not therefore cause a net Cl efflux in salivary acini and does not prevent the net efflux induced by stimulation of cholinergic receptors. As this efflux may be via a conductance pathway or channels in the apical membrane, these channels do not seem to be regulated by a β-receptor-coupled, cAMP-mediated pathway in salivary cells. The increases in 36 Cl content induced by isoproterenol, forskolin and cAMP appear instead to be related to activation of a Cl-uptake mechanism, sensitive (in the case of isoproterenol) to furosemide. This explanation is supported by the finding that isoproterenol increases the tracer content of the acini under conditions (incubation in K-free medium) that would favour Cl efflux. The ineffectiveness of isoproterenol on net Cl efflux is likely to be significant in terms of the smaller fluid secretory response induced by this secretagogue in vivo , as this efflux is thought to provide the necessary driving force for Na and water movements into the acinar lumen.
Gender Differences on the Values Scale for Ethnic Minority Students

Participants in the study were 323 Hispanic- and African- American students enrolled in various summer enrichment programs sponsored by Baylor College of Medicine. This sample consisted of 101 male...
The effect of different carbon sources on phenotypic expression by Fusarium graminearum strains

Two Fusarium graminearum strains were cultured in glucose yeast extract peptone broth or minimal medium broth to measure the production of mycelial biomass, pH, mycotoxins, and aurofusarin pigment, when limited to single carbon sources (at 1%), including xylan, cellulose, starch, or glucose. A random complete block design with factorial arrangement and analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.01 were employed to test for treatment differences. Overall, the F. graminearum strains produced significantly more biomass, deoxynivalenol, and aurofusarin with xylan than with cellulose. No significant differences were found in terms of 15–acetyldeoxynivalenol production from the four carbon sources. The presence of significant interactions between the strains, carbon sources, and media led to the following specific differences. In yeast extract peptone broth, R-9828 strain yielded significantly more deoxynivalenol production with xylan than cellulose and R-9832 produced significantly more mycelium (biomass) with xylan than cellulose. R-9828 strain yielded significantly more deoxynivalenol production than the R-9832 strain. Also in yeast extract peptone broth, cellulose led to significantly higher pH values than other carbons, which might be due to the limited ability of the Fusarium strains to utilize cellulose as an energy source. Aurofusarin was the only expressed analyte to show a significant difference in minimal medium broth, and R-9832 produced significantly more aurofusarin with xylan than with cellulose in the broth. These results suggest that xylan may induce Fusarium growth and deoxynivalenol production to assist the infection process and may support the theory that F. graminearum invades through xylan in the cell walls of cereals.
Dermatologic Manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of reproductive-aged women and is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women. The disorder is commonly characterized by elevated levels of androgen and insulin. Women with PCOS may present with a range of signs and symptoms, and face increased risks of reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, psychologic, and neoplastic sequelae, particularly if the condition is left unrecognized or untreated. The clinical definition of PCOS has changed in recent years and includes as one of its cardinal criteria the dermatologic manifestations of hyperandrogenism, chiefly hirsutism, acne vulgaris, and androgenetic alopecia. Acanthosis nigricans, a cutaneous sign of hyperinsulinemia, may also be present. These dermatologic features may provide early clinical clues to recognition of PCOS, and treatment of these cutaneous conditions may improve the patient's quality of life and psychologic well-being. The effects of androgen on pilosebaceous units in the skin can vary by anatomic location, producing pathophysiologic effects on hair growth and differentiation, sebaceous gland size and activity, and follicular keratinization. Treatment modalities may include hormonal therapy intended to modulate androgen production and action as well as non-hormonal therapies directed toward specific dermatologic conditions.
“Rather More than One-Third Had No Jewish Blood”: American Progressivism and German-Jewish Cosmopolitanism at the New School for Social Research, 1933–1939

The New School for Social Research’s University in Exile accepted more German and European exiled intellectuals than any other American institution of higher education. This paper argues that transnational, cosmopolitan ideological and interest-based affinities shared by left-leaning American progressives and German-Jewish intellectuals enabled the predominantly Jewish University in Exile to become a vibrant intellectual space accepted by the community of largely anti-Semitic American academics. These affinities also illuminate why, despite the fact that the emigres’ exile was in large part the result of National Socialist hatred of Jews, Alvin Johnson (the founder of the University in Exile) and the faculty members that comprised it seldom discussed the University’s Jewish demographics. The Jewish faculty members ignored the relationship between their ethnicity and exile because to focus on it would have been to admit that the cosmopolitan project they had embraced in Central Europe had failed. Johnson ignored the faculty’s Jewish heritage for two reasons. First, he endorsed a cosmopolitan American nationalism. Second, he understood that the generally anti-Semitic community of American academics would have rejected the University in Exile if he stressed the faculty’s Jewishness. In ignoring the University in Exile’s Jewish demographics, Johnson and the University’s faculty successfully adhered to a strategy designed to foster the exiles’ entrance into the American intellectual community. Thus, while cosmopolitanism failed in Germany and Central Europe, the exiles’ later influence on the American academy indicates that it partially succeeded in the United States.
A systematic comparison between born approximation and distorted wave Born approximation for inelastic electron scattering

The correction factors for Coulomb effects in inelastic electron scattering are given for electric quadrupole transitions. The cross sections in Born approximation and distorted wave Born approximation are calculated in the liquid drop model for electron energies between 20 and 80 MeV and nuclei up toZ=26.
The effect of growth hormone on the in vitro incorporation of leucine-2-C14 into the protein of rat diaphragm.

The in vitro incorporation of DL-leucine-2-C14 into diaphragm protein was investigated. Hypophysectomy decreases and growth hormone stimulates leucine-C14 incorporation in fed and fasted animals. The stimulation of leucine- CM incorporation into diaphragm protein effected by growth hormone was not accompanied by a concomitant increase in Q014. Thyroidectomy, while reducing diaphragm Qo2, did not alter leucine-C14 incorporation.
Photonuclear Studies with Monoenergetic Gamma Rays from Thermal Neutron Capture

Monoenergetic $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays produced when neutrons are captured in various materials have been used to study the following reactions: ${\mathrm{Ta}}^{181}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Ta}}^{180m}(8.15 \mathrm{hr})$, ${\mathrm{Au}}^{197}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Au}}^{196}(5.6 \mathrm{days})$, ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{165}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Ho}}^{164}(34 min)$, ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{107}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Ag}}^{106}(24 min)$, and ${\mathrm{Nb}}^{93}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Nb}}^{92}(10 \mathrm{days})$. Cross sections for these reactions have been obtained at several discrete energies between 7.5 and 10.8 Mev. Estimates were also made of the thresholds of these reactions. Two of the thresholds so obtained, ${\mathrm{Ta}}^{181}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Ta}}^{180m}$, ${E}_{t}=7.60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$, and ${\mathrm{Nb}}^{93}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Nb}}^{92}$, ${E}_{t}=8.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ have precisions comparable with those of previous measurements of the same quantities.
Staphylococcal pericarditis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed spiking fevers, which were controlled by parenteral steroids, and, later, pericardial friction rub. Staphylococcal pericarditis was diagnosed by periocardiocentesis; no pathogenic organisms were found in blood or sputum. The infection did not respond to methicillin, and irrigation with Dakin's solution through a cardiac window was required to cure the pericarditis.
Role of Gαq in smooth muscle cell proliferation

Abstract Background G protein–linked receptors are involved in the processes that lead to intimal hyperplasia. This study examined the role of Gαq signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in vitro. Methods Rat pulmonary artery SMCs were cultured in vitro. Standard assays of cellular DNA synthesis, proliferation, phospholipase C-β (PLCβ) activation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation were used to study the response to angiotensin II (a specific Gαq agonist; 0.1-100 μmol/L) in the presence and absence of GP-2A (a competitive Gαq inhibitor; 10 μmol/L) and the PLCβ inhibitor U73122 (10μmol/L). Results Angiotensin II induced SMC DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. DNA synthesis was inhibited by both Gαq inhibitor, GP-2A, and PLCβ inhibitor U73122, in a dose-dependent manner (66% ± 7% of angiotensin II alone at 10 μmol/L for GP-2A [ P P P Conclusion Inhibition of Gαq decreases PLCβ and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, leading to decreased SMC proliferation in vitro. Understanding specific signal transduction pathways will be an integral component of anti-restenosis therapy. Clinical Relevance The universal response of a blood vessel to injury is chronic wound healing, which includes the development of intimal hyperplasia and subsequent remodeling of the vessel wall. This can lead to luminal narrowing in as many as 30% of patients undergoing angioplasty. Neointimal formation is the principal cause of in-stent recurrent stenosis. Intimal hyperplasia is in part produced by smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Understanding the keys to the proliferation of SMCs will enable therapies to be developed that may inhibit the initial development of intimal hyperplasia. Whereas in the past many studies focused on the multiple mechanical, humoral, and cellular elements that induce SMC proliferation, molecular therapeutics focuses on key choke points within the cell that can be used to inhibit proliferation. One of these key choke points is signal transduction. Gαq is one of the ubiquitous signal transduction proteins on the membrane of SMCs. Inhibiting G proteins, such as Gαq, would enable interference with a significant amount of the mechanical, humeral, and cellular elements that produce SMC proliferation, and thus decrease the development of intimal hyperplasia. The present study identifies and begins to map out the role of Gαq in SMC proliferation and investigates the possible use of a small peptide in its inhibition. Other data suggest that inhibition of other G proteins will also decrease intimal hyperplasia. This is therefore a fertile area for the development of therapeutics to inhibit intimal hyperplasia. The direct relevance to the clinician is that this study identifies a transduction pathway that may be inhibited, and points in the direction of a possible molecular therapeutic target that would be beneficial as an adjunct to angioplasty or as part of a drug-eluding stent regimen.
Temperature-dependent infrared spectra of torsional vibrations in acetic acid

Abstract The mid-IR and near-IR vapor phase spectrum of CH3COOH was examined with a focus on the regions of the ν17 O–H torsion and the ν1 O–H stretch. Each region showed a number of peaks that were assigned using previous ab initio work, their temperature dependence, and analysis of the deuterated species of acetic acid (CD3COOH, CH3COOD, and CD3COOD). These assignments correct and improve upon the values currently used in the literature. Many of the peaks were assigned as hot bands associated with either the ν17 O–H torsion or the ν1 O–H stretch. In addition, the first definitive assignment of the Q-branch of the ν1 O–H stretch was made. The hot bands were shown to contribute a significant amount of absorption intensity to the ν1 region at 298 K. An empirical temperature-dependent correction to the total absorption of the ν1 O–H stretching region as well as an adjusted absolute cross-section for ν1 are given and suggested for future use.
Fluorinated tris(pyrazolyl)borates. Syntheses and characterization of sodium and copper complexes of [HB(3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz) 3]-

Abstract Sodium salt of the fluorinated tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand [HB(3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz)3]− has been synthesized from the corresponding pyrazole and NaBH4 in high yield. It forms stable adducts with oxygen-based donors like THF and water. [HB(3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz)3]Na(THF) is monomeric in the solid state whereas {[HB(3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz)3]Na(H2O)}n forms a polymeric chain structure. These tris(pyrazolyl)boratosodium adducts show intra and/or inter-molecular sodium–fluorine interactions. X-ray crystal structures of [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Na(OEt2) and {[HB(3-(CF3),5-(CH3)Pz)3]Na(H2O)}2 also display similar CF⋯Na contacts. The copper carbon monoxide complex [HB(3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz)3]CuCO was prepared by treating [HB(3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz)3]Na(THF) with CuOTf in the presence of CO. The infra-red stretching frequency data show relatively high νCO value (2103 cm−1) indicating the presence of highly electrophilic copper site on [HB(3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz)3]CuCO. Crystal structure of 3-(CF3),5-(Ph)PzH is also reported. It forms “tub” shaped tetramers in the solid state.
An analysis of the bursting behaviour of the aplysia r15 neurone during exposure to normoxia and hypoxia with and without external calcium present

Abstract 1. 1. Membrane potentials (EM, interburst intervals (IBI), burst durations (BD), the numbers of spikes within a burst, and the amplitudes of the burst pacemaker potentials (BPP) were measured in two groups (N = 7 per group) of R15 neurones under conditions of 20, 10 and 5% oxygen and under nitrogen equilibration in suffusates with either Ca2+ (10 mM) or Mg2+ (10 mM) present (Groups I and II). 2. 2. Under normal extracellular Ca2+ conditions, EM and the amplitude of the BPP for Group I R15 neurones increased progressively during hypoxia and reoxygenation. 3. 3. In the absence of external calcium, the normal bursting pattern of Group II R15 neurones was interrupted. No consistent relationships were observed among BD, IBI, and the number of spikes per burst with respect to EM or BPP. 4. 4. Hypoxia may alter the resting permeability of R15 to potassium as well as having ephaptic effects.
A Raman Spectroscopy Cell for Aqueous Solutions to 500°C and 34.5 MPa

The design of a Raman spectroscopy cell capable of maintaining aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 500°C and pressures up to 34.5 MPa (5000 psi) is described. The apparatus is illustrated with the chemical interactions that take place in aqueous Ca(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2 under these conditions.
Respiratory Physiology: Strange Cycles and the Fruit-Fly's Tongue

Drosophila in flight show an unexpected cyclicity in gas exchange even at constant metabolic flux rates — perhaps because regular proboscis extensions assist in providing oxygen to the fly's brain.
Eigenmode analysis of pitch-angle diffusion of energetic electrons in the outer zone

Abstract We demonstrate a new method of analyzing observed storm-time pitch-angle distributions to obtain information regarding the appropriate choice of the pitch-angle diffusion coefficients. We apply this method to MeV electrons in the outer zone as a diagnostic of the relative contribution of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler-mode hiss and chorus. We assume EMIC and hiss are confined to a plasmaspheric plume (hence, “plume waves”), with chorus prevalent over large portions of the day and night side. First, we determine the eigenmodes and eigenvalues of the pitch-angle diffusion operator predicted by quasilinear diffusion theory and approximate chorus, hiss, or EMIC plasma wave parameters for energetic electrons in the outer zone. Then, by projecting pitch-angle distributions observed by CRRES into the eigenmodes, we determine whether the pitch-angle distributions are consistent with the assumed diffusion process for various relative weighting of chorus and plume waves. Eigenmodes with shorter decay times (i.e., larger negative eigenvalues) ought to represent a comparatively smaller portion of the total flux in the pitch-angle distribution. We show that several observed pitch-angle distributions are consistent with predominantly chorus-driven pitch-angle diffusion, with at most a minor contribution from plume waves.
Balancing the performance of block multithreaded distributed-memory systems

The performance of modern computer systems is increasingly often limited by long latencies of accesses to the memory subsystems. Instruction-level multithreading is an architectural approach to tolerating such long latencies by switching instruction threads rather than waiting for the completion of memory operations. The paper studies performance limitations in distributed-memory block multithreaded systems and determines conditions for such systems to be balanced. Event-driven simulation of a timed Petri net model of a simple distributed-memory system confirms the derived performance results.
901-21 Percutaneous Vascular Surgery: Suture Mediated Percutaneous Closure of Femoral Artery Access Site Following Coronary Intervention

A new device (prostar Tm , Perclose, Inc.) was developed to close femoral artery access sites percutaneously following coronary interventions in fully anticoagulated patients. The catheter deploys four needles with two pairs of sutures around the hole of femoral artery access sites. The sutures are then tied to close the arteriotomy site mechanically to achieve immediate hemostasis. As a pilot phase, the device was tested in six centers. The device was used immediately following coronary intervention in 91 access sites. Despite an average ACT at the time of the procedure of g300 seconds, immediate complete hemostasis was achieved in 82 sites (90%). The devices were not appropriately positioned in 8 cases and procedures were aborted followed by reinsertion of a sheath or manual compression. Two patients (2.2%) required surgical repair of the femoral artery; one with device mechanical failure and one with bleeding from the initial puncture site in the posterior wall despite successful closure of the sheath site in the front wall. There were no AV fistulae or pseudoaneurysms requiring surgery and no infection, distal embolism or need for blood transfusion. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that this suture mediated closure device appears to provide safe and effective hemostasis at the femoral access site in fully anticoagulated patients following coronary interventions.
Time and space efficient method for accurate computation of error detection probabilities in VLSI circuits

The authors propose a novel fault/error model based on a graphical probabilistic framework. They arrive at the logic induced fault encoded directed acrylic graph (LIFE-DAG), which is proven to be a Bayesian network, capturing all spatial dependencies induced by the circuit logic. Bayesian networks are the minimal and exact representation of the joint probability distribution of the underlying probabilistic dependencies that not only use conditional independencies in modelling but also exploit them for achieving minimality and smart probabilistic inference. The detection probabilities also act as a measure of soft error susceptibility (an increased threat in the nano-domain logic block) which depends on the structural correlations of the internal nodes and also on input patterns. Based on this model, they show that they are able to estimate detection probabilities of faults/errors on ISCAS'85 benchmarks with high accuracy, linear space requirement complexity, and with an order of magnitude (≈5 times) reduction in estimation time over corresponding binary decision diagram based approaches.
Role of View Factor in the Effective Radiative Thermal Conductivity/Diffusivity of Transparent Materials

The decrease in size dependence of thermal diffusivity measured by the laser-flash method with increasing specimen thickness for a lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic is suggested to be attributable in part to the role of the view factor in radiative heat transfer between specimen surfaces. Appropriate expressions for the effective radiative thermal conductivity and diffusivity are derived. Comparison of the observed and predicted specimen size dependence suggests that the view factor should be taken into account.
A LIMITING PROPERTY OF SAMPLE AUTOCOVARIANCES OF PERIODICALLY CORRELATED PROCESSES WITH APPLICATION TO PERIOD DETERMINATION

Abstract. It is shown that the sample autocovariance of a periodically correlated process converges to a limit which reveals the same periodicity as the process. A theorem is proved relating to the rate of almost sure convergence, which is uniform in the lag up to some orders of observation length. Based on the limiting property, a strongly consistent estimate of hidden period is proposed.
The impact of the identity crisis on the adjustment of late adolescent males.

The relationship between ego identity status and MMPI scores was investigated using 73 college males. Identity status was assessed using a semistructured interview. The results obtained indicated that subjects in the identity achievement status obtained MMPI scores which fell within the normal range of functioning. Subjects currently involved in working on identity issues (moratorium status) obtained a pattern of scores indicating the presence of psychological conflict, as did foreclosure subjects—that is, subjects who are characterized by rigid adherence to parental norms and values. Subjects who had not successfully resolved their identity crisis (identity diffusion status) had MMPI scores within the normal range. The findings partly support Erikson's theorizing on ego identity and indicate that further analysis and refinement of Marcia's typology is required. Results from the present study also indicate that future research with male subjects on ego identity status should include some assessment of sexual attitudes.
The Social Gospel and Socialism: A Comparison of the Thought of Francis Greenwood Peabody, Washington Gladden, and Walter Rauschenbusch

For American Protestants who were sensitive to the profound social disruptions associated with rapid industrialization and urbanization in the late nineteenth century, the twin discoveries of the “alienation” of the working class from Protestant churches and of a rising and vibrant socialist movement caused much consternation and anxious soul-searching. Socialism offered not only a radical critique of American political and economic institutions; it also offered the zeal, symbols, and sense of participation in a world-transforming cause often associated with Christianity itself. The religious alienation of the working class and the appeal of socialism were often causally linked in the minds of socially-conscious Protestant leaders.
Obesity and Absenteeism Among U.S. Workers: Do Physical Health and Mental Health Explain the Relation?

SUMMARY Obesity among U.S. workers is a costly problem for employers. One productivity outcome related to obesity is increased absenteeism. This national survey of employed adults (N = 2,722) explored whether poor physical health and poor mental health would explain (i.e., mediate) the relationship between obesity and absenteeism. The data revealed that 19.3% of employed U.S. adults (23.6 million workers) were obese. Being obese was positively related to increased absenteeism, as well as associated with both poor physical and poor mental health. When examined separately, both poor physical health and poor mental health were positively related to increased absenteeism. However, when examined simultaneously, poor physical health, but not poor mental health, was positively related to increased absenteeism. Finally, the relation of obesity to absenteeism was fully mediated by poor physical health. Implications for employers are discussed.
Vaginal metastasis from hypernephroma

Abstract A case of vaginal carcinoma, metastatic from a hypernephroma is presented. Diagnosis of hypernephroma was first made through microscopic examination of the vaginal tumor.
Recent advances in the brain targeting of neuropharmaceuticals by chemical delivery systems.

Abstract Brain-targeted chemical delivery systems represent a general and systematic method that can provide localized and sustained release for a variety of therapeutic agents including neuropeptides. By using a sequential metabolism approach, they exploit the specific trafficking properties of the blood–brain barrier and provide site-specific or site-enhanced delivery. After a brief description of the design principles, the present article reviews a number of specific delivery examples (zidovudine, ganciclovir, lomustine benzylpenicillin, estradiol, enkephalin, TRH, kyotorphin), together with representative synthetic routes, physicochemical properties, metabolic pathways, and pharmacological data. A reevaluated correlation for more than 60 drugs between previously published in vivo cerebrovascular permeability data and octanol/water partition coefficients is also included since it may be useful in characterizing the properties of the blood–brain barrier, including active transport by P-glycoprotein.
Prospective double blind randomized clinical trial comparing 75% versus 95% silver nitrate cauterization in the management of idiopathic childhood epistaxis.

Abstract Objectives/hypothesis Primary outcome measure: to evaluate which concentration of silver nitrate cauterization was more efficacious in the management of idiopathic childhood epistaxis. Secondary outcome measures: to evaluate side effects and pain scores of the differing concentrations. Study design Prospective double blind randomized clinical trial. Participants and setting All children 16 years of age or younger referred by the accident and emergency department or general practitioner, with recurrent idiopathic epistaxis, who met the inclusion criteria entered the trial. Patients were randomized to receive either the 75% or 95% silver nitrate cauterization. Patients were reviewed at two weeks and eight weeks post cauterization. Pain scores, side effects and success of each treatments were recorded at the follow up clinic. Results 101 patients completed the trial. 52 patients were randomized to receive the 95% concentration, and 49 patients were randomized to receive the 75% cauterization. In the 75% concentration group, 98% of patients had total resolution of their symptoms at the eight-week follow up. Mean pain scores in this group was 1 out of 10. In the 95% group, 90% had total resolution of their symptoms at the eight-week follow up. Mean pain scores in this group was 5 out of 10. There was a statistical difference in efficacy and pain scores (0.01 and 0.001). Conclusion We would recommend the use of 75% silver nitrate cauterization in the management of childhood epistaxis, it appears to be more efficacious, has fewer side effects and is better tolerated.
Development and application of a method for the analysis of brominated flame retardants by fast gas chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection

The term brominated flame retardants (BFRs) refers to a class of compounds added during the manufacturing of some plastics to impede or even suppress the combustion process by depriving the flames of oxygen. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) represent a group of compounds used in this capacity, and as a result of product emission/disposal, these structures have been found in both the environment and biota. In this work, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled to gas chromatography (GC), in the form of fast gas chromatography, is explored as an option to shorten analysis times for the PBDEs with this element-specific detector; a run time of 10 min was ultimately established. The use of a new commercially available interface has been accomplished that has the requirement of heating the entire device at 325 °C in order to maintain the resolution between the species previously separated. The introduction of helium as an optional gas provides an increase in sensitivity; instrument detection limits within the low ppb level are demonstrated for all species examined. The precision, as relative standard deviation, does not exceed 7% for 5 manual injections. More rigorous control of the interface temperature seems to be required for analyzing the species with more than six bromine atoms per molecule. The method is applied to the analysis of sewage sludge samples obtained from the Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati and the presence of three of the most abundant PBDEs has been observed (BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-100).
Perfused transcapillary smooth muscle and endothelial cell co-culture--a novel in vitro model.

As mostin vitro endothelial cell (EC)-vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) co-culture studies have been performed utilizing static culture conditions, none have successfully mimicked the physical environment of these cellsin vivo. EC covering the inner surface of blood vessels are continuously exposed to a hemodynamically imposed mechanical stress resulting from the flow of blood, while SMC are affected by pressure, a flow-related force acting perpendicular to the surface. We have developed a perfused transcapillary co-culture system that permits the chronic exposure of EC and SMC to physiological shear stresses and pressures. SMC and EC co-cultures were successfully established and maintained in long-term culture (7 wk) on an enclosed perfused bundle of semipermeable polypropylene capillaries. By altering flow rate and/or viscosity, shear stresses of 0.07–20 dyn/cm2 can be readily achieved in this system. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that SMC formed multilayers around the outside of the capillaries, whereas EC, subjected to 3 dyn/cm2 shear stress, formed an intact closely adherent monolayer lining the capillary lumen. EC and SMC exhibited characteristic ultrastructural and gross morphology. EC were separated from SMC by the capillary wall (pore size 0.5 µm, width 150 µM) and while no direct cell-cell contact was evident some cells were seen to migrate into the capillary wall. Both EC and SMC are exposed to the same culture medium, allowing the interaction of substances released in both directions. Yet separate populations of cells are maintained and can be individually harvested for further analysis. This co-culture system that mimics the architecture and physical environment of the vessel wall should have many potential applications in vascular biology.
Comparison of Verbal Intelligence of Young Children from Low and Middle Socioeconomic Status

The hypothesis that 20 young children from a middle-SES school would score higher in verbal intelligence assessed by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test than 20 young children from a low-SES school...
Graphical Ray-Trace and Surface Generation Methods for Aspheric Surfaces

By means of geometric constructions, a series of solutions has been developed to perform marginal and paraxial ray-tracing on the drafting board. The methods are applicable to plano, spherical, and aspheric surfaces. Mechanical analog constructions of the ray-trace solutions are capable of generating Schmidt, parabolic, and other aspheric optical surfaces. The methods are applicable to the study of known designs, as well as to the development of curves to fit established or desired ray-traces.
Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet.

Abstract: In the popular and widely used Atkins diet, the body burns fat as its main fuel. This process produces ketosis and hence increased levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BOB) acetoacetate (AcAc) and its by-products acetone and acetol. These products are potential precursors of the glycotoxin methylglyoxal. Since methylglyoxal and its byproducts are recognized as a significant cause of blood vessel and tissue damage, we measured methylglyoxal, acetone, and acetol in subjects on the Atkins diet. We found that by 14-28 days, methylghyoxal levels rose 1.67-fold (P= 0.039) and acetol and acetone levels increased 2.7- and 6.12-fold, respectively (P= 0.012 and 0.028). Samples from subjects with ketosis showed even greater increases in methylglyoxal (2.12-fold), as well as acetol and acetone, which increased 4.19- and 7.9-fold, respectively; while no changes were seen in samples from noncompliant, nonketotic subjects. The increase in methylglyoxal implies that potential tissue and vascular damage can occur on the Atkins diet and should be considered when choosing a weight-loss program.
Preparation and Properties of Transparent Conductors

Transparent, electrically conductive films have been prepared from several different metal oxides, including those of tin, indium and zinc. Deposition methods for these materials are reviewed, and their properties summarized and compared. A figure of merit for a transparent conductor may be defined as the ratio of the electrical conductivity to the optical absorption coefficient of the film. The figure of merit for fluorine-doped zinc oxide is shown to be larger than that of other transparent conductors, such as boron-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and tin-doped indium oxide. Physical, chemical and thermal durability, deposition temperature, and cost are other factors which may also influence the choice of material for a particular application.
Extraction of phenol from water with supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract Recent attention has been directed to supercritical extraction as a viable method for removing organic contaminants from water. The fundamental thermodynamic parameter of interest for the extraction of contaminants form water is the distribution coefficient, defined as the ratio of the mole fraction of con taminant in the supercritical phase to the mole fraction of contaminant in the water phase. We have conducted static equilibrium supercritical extractions of phenol (a common waste water pollutant from coal-coking processes used by the steel industry and those used by coal gasification plants) as a function of pressure and temperature using carbon dioxide as the solvent. Samples of the water phase were analyzed before and after extraction to determine the distribution coefficient. Values of the distribution coefficient ranged from 0.4 to 1.4. Vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations were performed using three cubic equations-of-state (with quadratic mixing rules) to correlate the data at each experimental condition studied. Due to variations in the binary interaction parameters as a function of pressure, further prediction of the distribution coefficient for conditions where experimental data does not exist does not seem feasible with these models. In addition, to develop a methodology to relate the extraction parameters to a viable parameter of interest we have monitored toxic activity via a short term bioassay to validate the extraction process and (through calibration of the test) provide an alternative method of determining the distribution coefficient. Specifically, the cytotoxic effects of phenol has been targeted.
Revisiting the evidence on health and health care disparities among the Roma: a systematic review 2003–2012

To conduct a systematic review of the epidemiological and health service utilization literature related to the Roma population between 2003 and 2012. Systematic review of empirical research related to Roma health and health care utilization published between 2003 and 2012 identified through electronic databases (PsycInfo, Medline, Google Scholar). Methodological rigor was evaluated using a six-point set of design criteria. We found evidence for lower self-reported health and significantly higher mortality risk for Roma compared to non-Roma, and greater prevalence of health risk factors for Roma children, including environmental risks, low birth weight, and lower vaccination coverage. Studies of non-communicable and infectious disease remain insufficient to make firm conclusions on disparities. Barriers to care include lack of documentation and affordability of care, though more studies on health care utilization are needed. Roma youth and adults are in need of programs that reduce health disparities and their increased mortality risk. Reducing exposure to risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and poor living conditions may be a target for interventions. More intervention studies and rigorous evaluations are needed.
Augmented Cardiopulmonary and Integrative Sympathetic Baroreflexes but Attenuated Peripheral Vasoconstriction With Age

Based on observations of smaller increases in limb vascular resistance during acute incremental hypovolemia in older adults, cardiopulmonary and integrative (combined cardiopulmonary and arterial) baroreflex control of sympatho-circulatory function is thought to be impaired with aging in humans. We tested this hypothesis directly by making intraneural measurements of skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; peroneal microneurography) in groups of young (23+/-1 years; n=11) and older (64+/-1 years; n=12) healthy adult men during progressive hypovolemia produced by graded (-5 to -40 mm Hg) lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Baseline levels of MSNA and arterial blood pressure were higher and heart rate was lower in the older subjects (P<0.05). Lower levels of LBNP (-5 to -20 mm Hg) did not affect arterial blood pressure or heart rate in either group; systolic and pulse pressures declined during higher levels of LBNP (-30 and -40 mm Hg) but only in the young subjects (P<0.05). Graded LBNP evoked progressive, linear reductions in peripheral venous pressure (PVP) and increases in MSNA, plasma norepinephrine concentration (PNE), and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) in both groups (all P<0.05). DeltaMSNA/ deltaPVP was approximately 150% greater in the older versus young men during both lower and higher levels of hypovolemia (P<0.01); however, deltaFVR/deltaPVP was approximately 50% smaller in the older men (P<0.05). There was no difference in the MSNA-PNE relation with age, but deltaFVR/deltaMSNA was approximately 65% to 70% smaller in the older subjects (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that cardiopulmonary and integrative baroreflex control of central sympathetic outflow during hypovolemia is augmented, not impaired, with age in healthy humans. However, the reflex-mediated increases in limb vascular resistance during hypovolemia are smaller in older adults because of attenuated vasoconstrictor responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation.
Using Questions to Guide Content-Centered Discussions.

Values/moral education can be more than superficial discussions by students sharing their personal preferences and choices, believes this educator, who outlines here eight types of questions which teachers can use to maintain the focus on their subject matter.
Spicaria rileyi (Farlow) charles and Aspergillus flavus Link, entomogenous fungi of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), in Indiana and Wisconsin☆☆☆

Abstract In the summer of 1960, several larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), apparently killed by a fungus parasite, were collected on the Purdue University Agronomy Farm. Spicaria rileyi (Farlow) Charles was isolated from these specimens and Aspergillus flavus Link was isolated from eggs of laboratory reared T. ni . Both fungi were highly pathogenic to T. ni larvae.
Posterior cruciate ligamentreconstruction: Tibial inlay technique—principles and procedure

Abstract This article provides an overview of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using the tibial inlay technique. Preoperative evaluation should include a careful clinical examination, stress radiographs, and other studies, as necessary. Treatment options include both nonsurgical and surgical methods. The focus of this article is the surgical technique for PCL reconstruction using a tibial inlay graft.
Efficacy of morning-only 4 liter sulfa free polyethylene glycol vs 2 liter polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid for afternoon colonoscopy.

CONCLUSION: Morning only 4-L SF-PEG provided superior cleansing with less bloating as compared to 2-L PEG + Asc bowel preparation for afternoon colonoscopy. Thus, future studies evaluating efficacy of morning only preparation for afternoon colonoscopy should use 4-L SF-PEG as the standard comparator.
Traumatic memories: do we need to invoke special mechanisms?

L'A. souleve le probleme de la reference a des mecanismes speciaux, tels que le refoulement des traumas, la dissociation ou l'amnesie, pour expliquer les differents cas de perte de memoire observes par les therapeutes (memoire refoulee, dissociee ou amnesie)
The nature and fate ofRana pipiens proteins synthesized during maturation and early cleavage

Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of proteins synthesized during maturation, cleavage, and gastrulation indicates that patterns of protein synthesis are characteristic for each stage studied. Oocytes induced to mature in vitro markedly alter their pattern of protein synthesis during the period between 24 and 48 hours after hormone exposure. The same alteration occurs in oocytes from which the germinal vesicles were removed prior to hormone exposure, indicating that the oocyte cytoplasm during maturation is capable of regulating the nature of protein synthesis. Proteins are synthesized by full-grown oocytes which have not been induced to mature. These proteins accumulate in the germinal vesicle to a concentration about 6–7 times that in the cytoplasm. If such oocytes are subsequently induced to mature and to continue development, the nuclei of the resulting blastulas also accumulate these proteins to about 6–7 times the cytoplasmic concentration, with 20–25% of the total amount in the blastula nuclei. Similar results are obtained with proteins synthesized at first meiotic metaphase or in cleavage embryos. Transplanted blastula nuclei accumulate, from the cytoplasm of activated eggs, proteins that were made during maturation. Blastula nuclei, which have accumulated proteins made at earlier stages, retain these proteins when the nuclei are transplanted back into enucleated eggs and appear to apportion the protein to daughter nuclei as cell division occurs. It is suggested that the concentration of these early proteins in the nuclei constitutes a mechanism for cytoplasmic control of nuclear function.
Winnowing wheat from the chaff: propagating trust to sift spam from the web

The Web today includes many pages intended to deceive search engines, and attain an unwarranted result ranking. Since the links among web pages are used to calculate authority, ranking systems would benefit from knowing which pages contain content to be trusted and which do not. We propose and compare various trust propagation methods to estimate the trustworthiness of each page. We find that a non-trust-preserving propagation method is able to achieve close to a fifty percent improvement over TrustRank in separating spam from non-spam pages.