cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doc‐mediated cell killing in Shigella flexneri using a C1/LacI controlled expression system

In this report we describe the development of a highly stringent and dually regulated promoter system for Shigella flexneri. Dual regulation was provided by utilizing a promoter susceptible to control by the bacteriophage P1 temperature-sensitive C1 repressor that in turn was under the transcriptional control of LacI. The level of induction/repression ratios observed was up to 3700-fold in S. flexneri. The general utility of this promoter system was evaluated by demonstrating that the bacteriophage P1 post-segregational killer protein Doc mediates a bactericidal effect in S. flexneri. This represents the first report of Doc (death on curing)-mediated killing in this Gram-negative species.
Replica exchange simulations of transient encounter complexes in protein–protein association

Recent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) studies on several weakly interacting protein complexes have unequivocally demonstrated the existence of transient encounter complexes. Here, we present a computational method to study protein–protein binding by creating equilibrium ensembles that include both specific and nonspecific protein complexes. In a joint analysis of simulation and experiment we explore the physical nature and underlying physicochemical characteristics of encounter complexes involving three protein–protein interactions of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Replica exchange Monte Carlo simulations using a coarse-grained energy function recover the structures of the specific complexes and produce binding affinities in good agreement with experiment. Together with the specific complex, a relatively small number of distinct nonspecific complexes largely accounts for the measured PRE data. The combined relative population of the latter is less than ∼10%. The binding interfaces of the specific and nonspecific complexes differ primarily in size but exhibit similar amino acid compositions. We find that the overall funnel-shaped energy landscape of complex formation is dominated by the specific complex, a small number of structured nonspecific complexes, and a diffuse cloud of loosely bound complexes connecting the specific and nonspecific binding sites with each other and the unbound state. Nonspecific complexes may not only accelerate the binding kinetics by enhancing the rate of success of random diffusional encounters but also play a role in protein function as alternative binding modes.
Scalar operators equal to the product of unitary roots of the identity operator

We study the set of all γ ∈ ℂ for which there exist unitary operators U i such that U 1 U 2 . . . U n = γI and U i mi = I, where m i ∈ ℕ are given.
Excellent long-term disease control with modern radiotherapy techniques for stage I testicular seminoma--the Mayo Clinic experience.

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study are to examine the long-term efficacy and adverse effects of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for stage I testicular seminoma. Methods and materials A retrospective review was conducted in 199 patients with stage I testicular seminoma treated with curative intent orchiectomy and adjuvant megavoltage RT at the institution from January 1, 1972 through December 31, 2009. Computed tomography staging was performed for 90% of the patients. No patient received mediastinal RT or adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival, relapse rate, major cardiac event (MCE), and second malignancy (SM) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The median age of the patients was 36 years (range: 18–80). The nodal regions irradiated were the para-aortic and ipsilateral pelvic nodes in 147 patients (74%), the para-aortic nodes alone in 34 (17%), and the para-aortic and bilateral pelvic nodes in 18 (9%). The median RT dose was 25.5 Gy (interquartile range: 25–30). The median follow-up after RT was 13 years (range: 0.1–37). OS at 10 and 20 years was 92% and 77%, respectively. Cause-specific survival at 10 and 20 years was both 99%. Risk of relapse at 10 and 20 years was 1% and 2%, respectively. Risks of MCE and SM at 20 years were 12% and 19%, respectively. Conclusions This series confirms an excellent outcome in patients with stage I testicular seminoma treated with RT. Relapse after adjuvant RT is very uncommon, but late morbidity associated with RT may occur.
Binding of the Pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a Low-Molecular-Weight Mucin and Neutral Cystatin of Human Submandibular-Sublingual Saliva

In previous experiments, we have shown that [125I]pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited specific binding to a low-molecular-weight mucin (MG2) of human submandibular-sublingual saliva (HSMSL; Reddy MS, Levine MJ, Paranchych W. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 4:315–323, 1993). In the present study, I have utilized unlabeled pili and immunostaining to identify the receptor molecules in HSMSL. In addition to MG2, pili also bound to neutral cystatin (CsnSN). Binding of unlabeled pili to MG2 and CsnSN could be abolished by treatment of HSMSL with trypsin to hydrolyze the peptide moieties or N-acetylation to neutralize the positive charges of the lysine residues. Reductive methylation of HSMSL, which modifies the lysine residues to methyl lysines while retaining the positive charges, did not affect the binding of pili to either MG2 or CsnSN. Further, pili also exhibited binding to a recombinant MG2 peptide (aa 1–86). Collectively, the data suggested that a protein-to-protein interaction via electrostatic forces mediates the binding of the pili to MG2 and CsnSN. Iodination of pili, which modifies tyrosine-24 and/or -27 residues to O-iodotyrosine(s), abolished its binding to CsnSN but not to MG2. These results suggested that the conformation of pili also plays a role in interaction with CsnSN. Conformational change(s) of pili induced by iodination also made it susceptible to hydrolysis with trypsin.
The Effects of Volume Averaging on Spectra Measured with a Lyman-Alpha Hygrometer

Abstract Because the Lyman-alpha hygrometer averages turbulent fluctuations in humidity over a right circular cylinder, the spectral response of the instrument degrades at higher wavenumbers. This paper contains a derivation of the three-dimensional spectral averaging function and uses this function, with a new model for the scalar spectrum, to numerically evaluate how this spatial averaging affects measured humidity spectra and humidity variance dissipation rates. In general, hygrometer parameters can be chosen that allow spectral measurements to moderately high wavenumbers; but with the size of source and detector tubes currently in use, an accurate measurement of the humidity variance dissipation rate appears impossible.
Shape-Selective Retention of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Metalloprotoporphyrin−Silica Phases: Effect of Metal Ion Center and Porphyrin Coverage

Various metalloprotoporphyrins (MProP) covalently linked to silica are examined as stationary phases for reversed-phase HPLC separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The MProP−silica stationary phases are shown to exhibit extraordinary shape selectivity for planar over nonplanar PAHs, with the selectivity factors for the triphenylene/o-terphenyl solute pair approaching 30 on CuIIProP−silica phases using 100% acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Shape selectivity and solute retention are highly dependent on the metal ion (M) within the center of the immobilized protoporphyrin (ProP) structure in accordance with the following sequence: Cu(II) > Fe(III) > Ni(II) > H2 > Zn(II) ≈ Cd(II). A face-to-face π−π interaction is believed to be the major retention mechanism of PAHs on ProP− and MProP−silica phases, with varying metal ion centers affecting the strength of this interaction. Beyond the influence of the central metal, varying surface coverages of metalloporphyrin also lead to significant change...
Input-output economics and computable general equilibrium models

Abstract This paper examines the broadening legacy of one of Wassily Leontief's major contributions — input-output (I-O) analysis. It identifies ways in which I-O continues to evolve and to serve as a vital tool of economic analysis. Moreover, many features of I-O, both conceptual and empirical, have been incorporated into computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. As noted, there are some important differences between the two approaches. However, I-O and CGE have much in common in terms of questions addressed, data requirements, range of applications, and future conceptual refinements.
Mitochondrial Gene Order Adjacent to the Control Region in Crocodile, Turtle, and Tuatara

Abstract We used the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of mitochondrial gene junctions adjacent to the 5′ end of the control region (light strand orientation) and the 3′ end of ND6 to assess whether a representative crocodilian, turtle, or tuatara shares a unique mitochondrial gene order that is found in birds but not in mammals or amphibians. Turtles and crocodiles have the same gene order as mammals, except that crocodile has a tRNA Phe gene inserted between tRNA Pro and the 5′ end of the control region. Two different arrangements were detected at the 5′ end of the control region in the tuatara, one resembling the mammalian (but with tRNA Thr absent) and one resembling the avian gene order. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that some tuatara mtDNAs within a single individual have undergone a deletion that removed the genes coding for cytochrome b and tRNA Pro as well as 87 bp of the control region.
Governing Moods: Anxiety, Boredom, and the Ontological Overcoming of Politics in Heidegger

Abstract. Much recent scholarship explores the consequences of Heidegger's transformation of philosophic thinking for our understanding of political theory at the edge of modernity. In a response to recent readings, this essay argues that the contemporary literature on Heidegger fails to account for two fundamental concerns: the ontic/ontological distinction and the importance of moods, particularly anxiety and boredom. Utilizing these moods, this essay explores the ways in which Heidegger's thought escapes politics through a privileging of the ontological, or object-less, experience, relying on a reclusive reflection as the way to authenticity. Instead of fostering a strong community or strong liberal sense of self, Heidegger leaves us with the nothingness of anxiety and the emptiness of boredom as our alternatives. By transcending the ontic in favor of the ontological, Heidegger divorces himself from politics in the everyday sense and posits an existential response to political theory that is unable to foster authentic collective life.Resume. Une part importante de la litterature recente explore les consequences de la transformation de la pensee philosophique amenee par Heidegger et ses effets sur notre comprehension de la theorie politique a l'aube de l'ere moderne. En reponse a de recentes lectures, cet essai releve deux manquements fondamentaux dans la litterature contemporaine sur Heidegger. Le premier concerne la distinction entre l'ontique et l'ontologique et le deuxieme a trait a l'importance des humeurs, plus particulierement l'anxiete et l'ennui. En explorant ces humeurs, cet essai devoile les manieres dont la pensee de Heidegger echappe a la politique en privilegiant l'experience ontologique ou immaterielle et en se fondant sur la reflexion recluse, voie qui mene a l'authenticite. Au lieu de favoriser une communaute forte ou un sens profond et liberal de soi, Heidegger nous laisse comme options de rechange le neant de l'anxiete et le vide de l'ennui. En transcendant l'ontique en faveur de l'ontologique, Heidegger se separe de la politique au sens premier du terme pour donner une reponse existentielle a une theorie politique incapable de forger une vie collective authentique.
Proflavin-induced mutations in the L-arabinose operon of Escherichia coli. II. Enzyme analyses of the mutants.

Abstract The enzymic activities of mutant gene products, as well as the enzymic activities of products from adjacent genes, were assayed in strains harboring proflavin-induced frame-shift mutations in the L-arabinose (ara) operon. Such mutations in araB were found to depress strongly the expression of the adjacent gene, araA. Frame-shift mutations in the regulatory gene, araC, caused slight but significant depression of araA activity; possible mechanisms for these pleiotropic effects are discussed. Frame-shift mutations in araB totally abolished the activity of l -ribulokinase, the product of the araB gene. Revertants, produced by second-site frame-shift mutations within the same gene, were found to have levels of l -ribulokinase lower than wild type.
The year 1995-1996 in review: genetically re-engineering clinical nephrology

The discipline of medical genetics is rapidly transforming the face of nephrology. A number of important advances have been made during the past year in the identification of the molecular basis of renal diseases. This article will summarize how these new findings have expanded our understanding of whether diseases are homogeneous or heterogeneous entities (Bartter's syndrome versus Gitelman's syndrome), the medical basis of certain diseases of unclear etiology (enuresis), and the nature of risk factors for disease occurrence or progression (IgA nephropathy, chronic renal failure, and hemolytic uremic syndrome). It is anticipated that these exciting discoveries will become routine in the near future as medical genetics is fully incorporated into the practice of clinical nephrology.
Views on Teaching Ethics and Morals

While ethical theories represent systematic reasoning processes for the analysis of value-laden problems and can therefore be taught, morals are highly personal and cannot be learned in the usual manner. This paper outlines a system for categorizing ethical theories based on the classification of action versus result, self versus other, and the definition of what is to be achieved—either a search for happiness/contentment/fulfillment or a meeting of contractual obligations to society or to one’s religion. These classifications define a feasible space for the categorization of ethical theories. This paper also argues that while ethics should be taught at our engineering colleges and universities, morals cannot and should not be taught. University students will, however, use their parents, peers, and especially their professors as role models for the continued development of their moral values, and this places an additional and often unanticipated responsibility on the faculty.
Poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by freezing-thawing cyclic processing

Abstract A novel method of preparation of strong poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels was developed without utilization of chemical crosslinking or other reinforcing agents. Aqueous solutions containing 10–15 wt% PVA were frozen at −20°C for 1–24 h. They were subsequently thawed at 23°C for up to 24 h. This process was repeated four more times and the weight change and degree of swelling were measured after each freezing-thawing cycle. Strong thermoreversible hydrogels exhibiting mechanical integrity were obtained with 15 wt% solutions frozen at −20°C for 24 h and thawed at 23°C for any time period. The process of reinforcement of these thermoreversible hydrogels was a densification of the macromolecular structure. The densification process was more prominent for gels that had been exposed to up to five freezing-thawing cycles. Compressive creep studies indicated that the gel compliance was relatively constant over a wide range of stresses and decreased as the number of freezing-thawing cycles increased.
Predicted properties of the CO–HF isomer using a six-dimensional morphed potential

Abstract A recently generated six-dimensional vibrationally-complete compound-model morphed (CMM-RS) potential for the pairwise interaction between OC and HF is used to predict spectroscopic and other properties of the isomer CO–HF. The equilibrium dissociation energy and internuclear diatomic center-of-mass center-of-mass distances are evaluated respectively as De = 643(10) cm−1 and Re = 3.442(2) A with an energy difference ΔE between the OC–HF and CO–HF minima in the potential energy surface of 667(10) cm−1. The CO–HF isomer is also predicted to have a local minimum state with dissociation energy D0 = 310.5(50) cm−1 which corresponds to 432(10) cm−1 above the ground state of OC–HF. Band origins for its fundamental vibrations are predicted to be: ν1 = 3938.85(100) cm−1, ν2 = 2134.52(100) cm−1, ν3 = 80.56(100) cm−1, ν 4 1 = 205.65(100) cm−1, and ν 5 1 = 39.55(100) cm−1 and can be compared with currently available data from matrix isolation and other spectroscopic techniques. Such predictions will also facilitate future gas phase spectroscopic investigations of the CO–HF isomeric species and ultimately critical evaluation of the predictive capabilities of the available CMM-RS potential as well as those of previously published ab initio potentials.
Timing of surgical intervention does not influence return of esophageal peristalsis or outcome for patients with achalasia.

Background It has been suggested that abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter is the primary abnormality in esophageal achalasia, and that the absence of esophageal peristalsis is secondary to the outflow obstruction caused by the lower esophageal sphincter. Furthermore, it has been proposed that early elimination of the resistance at the level of the gastroesophageal junction by surgical intervention could result in return of esophageal peristalsis. This study aimed to assess whether the timing of surgical intervention affects the return of esophageal peristalsis and the clinical outcome for patients with achalasia.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in osteomyelitis and chronic wounds. Treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery vs amputation.

backgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare, but well–documented complication of osteomyelitis and chronic wounds. Treatment of choice for these tumors commonly occurring on the legs has been amputation. Two recent articles have suggested the utility of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) as a lim
Examples of C1-smoothly conjugate diffeomorphisms of the circle with break that are not C1+γ-smoothly conjugate

We prove the existence of two real-analytic diffeomorphisms of the circle with break of the same size and an irrational rotation number of semibounded type that are not C 1+γ -smoothly conjugate for any γ > 0. In this way, we show that the previous result concerning the C 1-smoothness of conjugacy for these mappings is the exact estimate of smoothness for this conjugacy.
A unique loop structure in oncostatin M determines binding affinity toward oncostatin M receptor and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.

Oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor are pleiotropic cytokines that belong to the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family. These cytokines play a crucial role in diverse biological events like inflammation, neuroprotection, hematopoiesis, metabolism, and development. The family is grouped together based on structural similarities and their ability to activate the transmembrane receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130). The common structure among these cytokines defines the spacing and the orientation of binding sites for cell surface receptors. OSM is unique in this family as it can signal using heterodimers of gp130 with either leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) (type I) or oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) (type II). We have identified a unique helical loop on OSM between its B and C helices that is not found on other IL-6 family cytokines. This loop is located near the “FXXK” motif in active site III, which is essential for OSM's binding to both LIFR and OSMR. In this study, we show that the BC loop does not play a role in OSM's unique ability to bind OSMR. Shortening of the loop enhanced OSM's interaction with OSMR and LIFR as shown by kinetic and equilibrium binding analysis, suggesting the loop may hinder receptor interactions. As a consequence of improved binding, these structurally modified OSMs exhibited enhanced biological activity, including suppressed proliferation of A375 melanoma cells.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Team-Based Learning Approach Within a Hybrid Problem-Based Learning Medical Education Curriculum

To potentially improve second-year medical students’ peer engagement and learning outcomes, we modified 2 weeks of an 8-week hybrid problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum to include team-based learning (TBL) strategies and a greater emphasis on discussion during PBL activities. Evaluation of this combined PBL–TBL 2-week curriculum (Study 1) included anonymous student and faculty ratings of their curricular experiences before, during, and after the new 2-week PBL–TBL activities and comparison of students’ end of block examination scores with a control group of students who did not have the PBL–TBL activities. Results were that students and faculty rated the 2 weeks in which the combined PBL–TBL was introduced as more positive on several items related to engagement, productivity, and skills development compared to the PBL-only weeks. Students’ scores on in-common multiple choice and clinical case essay examination questions were significantly higher than control cohorts’ scores regardless of academic class rank. In the following academic year (2011), we incorporated PBL–TBL into a full 8-week block. Anonymous student and faculty surveys at end of block were consistent with ratings in 2010. Analyses of students’ end of block examination scores compared to a 2009 control cohort found no overall significant differences for in-common questions; however, students in the lower third of class ranks in 2011 had significantly improved multiple choice examination scores compared to those from 2009. We conclude that incorporating TBL activities into PBL curricula that include student discussion is an effective strategy for improving second-year medical students’ engagement, self-perceived skill development and productivity, and performance outcomes for students with lower academic ranks.
Nasal Batten Grafts: Are Patients Satisfied?

Objectives To learn how nasal batten grafts affect patients' assessment of their nasal airway patency and to determine the extent to which patients believe batten grafts altered their appearance. Methods A prospective survey study of 18 patients in a tertiary veterans hospital who had nasal airway obstruction (NAO) due to nasal valve collapse was completed. Patients had placement of bilateral polyethylene batten grafts during a 36-month study period. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) validated survey was used to measure a patient's subjective postoperative change in nasal airway obstruction. In addition, the patients were asked to rate the extent their appearance had changed. Results All patients presented with complaints of NAO due to nasal valve collapse either in isolation or in combination with another anatomical source of obstruction. The nasal valve collapse was identified by clinical examination. All patients had preoperative photographs. Most patients had a trial with an intranasal stent before opting for surgical implantation of the batten grafts. The results of the NOSE survey demonstrate significant improvement in nasal obstruction. Patients also reported only a minimal change in appearance. There was 1 patient with implant extrusions and only a few implants were removed. Conclusions Nasal airway obstruction due to nasal valve collapse can be effectively treated with polyethylene batten grafts. The implants are well tolerated, and patients report a significant improvement in NAO. There is little risk of implant extrusion, exposure, or intolerance. In addition, patients did not note a significant change to their appearance.
Symptoms of menopause in relation to the timing of reproductive events and past menstrual experience.

The framework of the lifespan approach is used to examine the frequency of symptoms associated with menopause. Symptom frequencies are examined in relation to past menstrual symptom experience and the timing of reproductive events. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional community survey carried out in Greene County, New York. The symptoms most often reported were hot flashes, irritability, mood changes, sweating, and headaches. Frequencies of vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, sweating) were highly correlated. Frequencies of psychological symptoms (irritability, mood change) were also highly correlated. Neither vasomotor nor psychological symptoms were associated with parity, age at menarche, or ages at first and last childbirth. Frequency of hot flashes was significantly associated with post-menopause status, later age at natural menopause, and fewer years of education. In contrast, frequency of psychological symptoms was not related to menopause status, age at natural menopause, or years of education. Menstrual abdominal cramps and leg cramping were associated with hot flash frequency at menopause, but not frequency of menopausal mood change. In contrast, menstrual bloating and mood changes were associated with menopausal irritability and mood change. Self-reported vasomotor and psychological symptoms demonstrated dissimilar relationships to lifespan events. It is difficult to determine, however, which dimension of the lifespan (biological, sociocultural, or psychological) is involved in determining differences in menopansal symptom frequencies. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Risks of toxic ash from artisanal mining of discarded cellphones

a b s t r a c t The potential environmental and human health impacts of artisanal mining of electronic waste through open incineration were investigated. A market-representative set of cellphones was dismantled into four component categories—batteries, circuit boards, plastics and screens. The components were shred- ded, sieved and incinerated at 743-818 ◦
Combination of 5-Fluorouracil and Cyclophosphamide in L1210 and P388 Leukemias with Changes in Optimum Treatments as a Function of the Age of the L1210 Tumor at First Treatment

AbstractThe interaction of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of L1 210 and P388 leukemias was studied using response surface methodology. Single dose treatment of each drug was administered simultaneously or with a 24-hr interval between 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide to the advanced tumors or at various times after L1210 inoculation. While at low doses the action of the combination of the two drugs was greater than expected, there was no therapeutic synergism if the drugs were given together (optimum doses cylclophosphamide 366 mg/kg and 364 mg/kg, respectively, in advanced L1210 and P388 leukemias) or in the early tumor when cyclophosphamide was given 24 hours after 5-fluorouracil. In the advanced tumor, using the regimen employing a 24-hr interval between drugs, therapeutic synergism could be demonstrated (optimum doses 5-fluorouracil 130 mg/kg followed by cyclophosphumide 248 mg/kg in advanced L1210 leukemia and 5-fluorouracil 110 mg/kg followed by cyclophosphamide 263 mg/kg in...
Disincentives for cost-reducing investment

Abstract Interpreting a result from asymmetric auctions suggests that price-setting firms may have no incentive to adopt technologies that likely reduce their production costs. This “puppy dog” behavior relies on incomplete information about rivals' costs at the price-setting stage.
The nature of interactions between tissue-type plasminogen activator and platelets.

Abstract To elucidate interactions responsible for inhibition of aggregation of platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) harvested from whole blood preincubated with t-PA, experiments were performed with PRP and washed platelets under diverse conditions of preincubation. Both ADP and collagen induced aggregation were inhibited in PRP unless aprotinin had been added to the preincubated whole blood concomitantly with t-PA. However, in washed platelets prepared after the same exposure aggregation was intact. When washed platelets were supplemented with fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) in concentrations simulating those in whole blood preincubated with t-PA, aggregation induced with either ADP or collagen was inhibited. Thus, the inhibition in PRP depended on generation of FDPs by activated plasminogen. The functional integrity of surface glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors in washed platelets was documented by autoradiography after SDS-PAGE of surface labeled GPs and by fibrinogen binding despite preincubation of the whole blood or washed platelets themselves with t-PA and plasminogen as long as exogenous calcium (≥ 0.1 μM) was present. In contrast, when calcium was absent, the platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor was rendered susceptible to degradation by plasmin, and aggregation was inhibited by preincubation at 37°C even if aprotinin was present when aggregation was being assayed. These observations reconcile disparate results in the literature from studies in vivo and in vitro by demonstrating that inhibition of aggregation of platelets in PRP and in whole blood reflects indirect effects of plasminogen activation rather than direct effects of t-PA or plasmin on the platelets themselves.
975. TLR9 Activation Is Involved in the Immune Response to Helper Dependent Adenoviral Vectors

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are innate receptors that sense microbial products and trigger dendritic cell (DCs) maturation and cytokine production, thus effectively bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Members of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) subfamily are evolutionarily related and sense viral and bacterial infection at the endosomal subcellular compartment. Whereas TLR9 directly recognizes viral and bacterial CpG-DNA motifs, murine TLR7 and human TLR8 sense viral single stranded RNA motifs. Upon ligand-driven activation, members of the TLR9 subfamily bridge innate and adaptive immunity by activating immature antigen-presenting DCs into professional antigen-presenting cells in a T helper cell-independent fashion. In this study we evaluated whether TLR9 contributes to the acute immunopathology typically seen after systemic administration of a Helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HD-Ad) in the p|[Delta]|28E4 Backbone. To address this question we investigated the degree of activation of the innate immune response following systemic injection of Helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HD-Ad) in mice expressing a structurally aberrant TLR9 receptor). In contrast to wild type mice, we found that TLR9CpG1/CpG1 mice showed a reduced activation of the innate immune response following i.v. injection of high doses of HD-Ad, as shown by reduced increase in IL-6 and IL-12. Next we tested whether pharmacologically blocking TLR9 signaling in wild type mice could attenuate the innate immune response to HD-Ad. In agreement with the TLR9 CpG1/CpG1 model, we found a similar reduction in innate immune response after TLR9 blockade. In the present study we showed for the first time that TLRs are involved in the innate immune response following systemic administration of adenoviral vectors and we showed that selectively blocking TLRs can be potentially used to reduce the toxicity of Ad-mediated gene therapy.
Co-administration of progabide inhibits haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in rats.

Abstract Vacuous chewing movements in rats may be an animal analogue of the human motor disorder, tardive dyskinesia. The movements are phenomenologically and pharmacologically similar to tardive dyskinesia. The pathophysiology of these involuntary oral movements, and perhaps of tardive dyskinesia, are likely to include both dopamine receptor changes, and alterations in GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) system function. In an attempt to test the involvement of GAVA system dysfunction in these movements, we treated rats chronically with water alone, haloperidol alone, the GABA agonist progabide alone, and haloperidol plus progabide. Sprague-Dawley rats received haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg per day) in their drinking water and progabide (100 mg/kg per day) in their food for 12 months. After 12 months of treatment, haloperidol had induced vacuous chewing movements when administered alone, but the prevalence of the movements was decreased by 40% with the coadministration of progabide. Moreover, the haloperidol-progabide-treated animals did not merely demonstrate movement suppression but actual inhibition of movement onset, as determined by an additional progabide-withdrawal experiment. These data would suggest that progabide and perhaps other GABAmimetic compounds can prevent the development of tarkive dyskinesia in man.
Whose "Loyal Agent"? Towards an Ethic of Accounting

In order to move towards an Ethic of Accounting, one must start by defining the function and role of the accountant. This in turn depends to a great extent on the identity of the “client” or whatever party the Accountant owes his “loyal agency” to. The issue is one of cardinal importance, and it is perceived as such by the accountants themselves. Loeb for instance says that the “client-identity issue is overriding importance now, and will become even more crucial in the immediate years ahead”. The question of what constitutes ethical behaviour on the part of the accountant will depend then upon the relation within which such ethical behaviour will have to be deployed.
Cash Box Pop Hits, 1952–1996; Cash Box Looking Ahead Pop Hits 101–150, 1959–1993

Cash Box was launched in 1941. It began as a mimeographed tab sheet designed to assist distributors of coin-operated music machines, pinball games, and slot machines. Following World War II it evol...
CORR Insights®: Developing a pathway for high-value, patient-centered total joint arthroplasty.

This CORR Insights® is a commentary on the article “Developing a Pathway for High-value, Patient-centered Total Joint Arthroplasty” by Bozic and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3398-4. The author certifies that he, or any member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR ® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. This CORR Insights® comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3398-4.
Regulation of TRP channels by N-linked glycosylation.

Abstract A subset of TRP channel proteins undergoes regulatory N-linked glycosylation. A glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop of TRPV5 is enzymatically cleaved by a secreted glucuronidase, indirectly regulating channel function. Members of the TRPC family share a similar site, although details about a regulatory role are lacking. A second conserved TRP channel glycosylation site is found immediately adjacent to the channel pore-forming loop; both TRPV1 and TRPV4 – and perhaps other TRPV family members – are influenced by glycosylation at this site. N-linked glycosylation, and the dynamic regulation of this process, substantially impacts function and targeting of TRP channels.
Differential Phosphorylation of τ by Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase and Ca2+/Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase II: Metabolic and Functional Consequences

The effects of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation on the binding of bovine tau to tubulin and calpain-mediated degradation of tau were studied. Both cAMP-PK and CaMKII readily phosphorylated tau and slowed the migration of tau on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels. However, cAMP-PK phosphorylated tau to a significantly greater extent than CaMKII (1.5 and 0.9 mol of 32P/mol of tau, respectively), and phosphorylation of tau by cAMP-PK resulted in a greater shift to a more acidic, less heterogeneous pattern on two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient gels compared with CaMKII phosphorylation. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide maps indicate that cAMP-PK phosphorylates a site or sites on tau that are phosphorylated by CaMKII, as well as a unique site or sites that are not phosphorylated by CaMKII. Phosphorylation of tau by cAMP-PK significantly decreased tubulin binding and, as previously reported, also inhibited the calpain-induced degradation of tau. CaMKII phosphorylation of tau did not alter either of these parameters. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of site(s) on the tau molecule uniquely accessible to cAMP-PK contributed to the decreased tau-tubulin binding and increased resistance to calpain hydrolysis.
Fabrication and testing of uranium nitride fuel for space power reactors

Abstract Uranium nitride fuel was selected for previous space power reactors because of its attractive thermal and physical properties; however, all UN fabrication and testing activities were terminated over ten years ago. An accelerated irradiation test, SP-1, was designed to demonstrate the irradiation performance of Nb-1 Zr clad UN fuel pins for the SP-100 program. A carbothermic-reduction/nitriding process was developed to synthesize UN powders. These powders were fabricated into fuel pellets by conventional cold-pressing and sintering. The pellets were loaded into Nb-1 Zr cladding tubes, irradiated in a fast-test reactor, and destructively examined after 0.8 at% burnup. Preliminary postirradiation examination (PIE) results show that the fuel pins behaved as designed. Fuel swelling, fission-gas release, and microstructural data are presented, and suggestions to enhance the reliability of UN fuel pins are discussed.
Elastic Scattering of Photons by Nuclei

The cross section for nuclear resonance scattering is estimated for the case when the photon energy is far from resonance with the excitation energy for any level of the scattering nucleus. For photon energy much less than 15 Mev we find that the cross section depends on the fourth power of the photon energy, and is very much smaller than the nuclear Thomson cross section for photon scattering by the nucleus as a whole.
Prognosis of invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are mucin producing cystic neoplasms of the pancreas histologically classified as having non-invasive and invasive components. The five-year survival rates for non-invasive and associated invasive carcinoma are 90% and 40%, respectively in resected IPMN lesions. Invasive carcinoma within IPMN lesions can be further classified by histological subtype into colloid carcinoma and tubular carcinoma. Estimated five-year survival rates following resection of colloid carcinoma range from 57%-83% and estimated five-year survival following resection of tubular carcinoma range from 24%-55%. The difference in survival outcome between invasive colloid and tubular IPMN appears to be a function of disease biology, as patients with the tubular subtype tend to have larger tumors with a propensity for metastasis to regional lymph nodes. When matched to resected conventional pancreatic adenocarcinoma lesions by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center pancreatic adenocarcinoma nomogram, the colloid carcinoma histological subtype has an improved estimated five-year survival outcome compared to conventional pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 87% and 23% (P = 0.0001), respectively. Resected lesions with the tubular carcinoma subtype overall have a similar five-year survival outcome compared to conventional pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, when these groups were stratified by regional lymph node status patients with negative regional lymph nodes and the tubular subtype experienced significantly better survival than patients with a similar nodal status and ductal adenocarcinoma with estimated five-year survival rates of 73% and 27% (P = 0.01), respectively.
Structure of C73G putidaredoxin from Pseudomonas putida.

The structure of the C73G mutant of putidaredoxin (Pdx), the Fe2S2 ferredoxin that supplies electrons to cytochrome CYP101 (P450cam) for camphor oxidation, is reported at 1.9 A resolution in a C2 crystal form. The structure was solved by single-wavelength iron anomalous diffraction, which yielded electron density above the 2σ level for over 97% of the non-H atoms in the protein. The final structure with R = 0.19 and Rfree = 0.21 has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with accession code 1r7s. The C2 crystal contains three Pdx molecules in the asymmetric unit, giving three independent models of the protein that are very similar (r.m.s.d. < 0.3 A for the 106 Cα atoms). The unusually high solvent fraction of 80% results in comparatively few crystal-packing artifacts. The structure is briefly compared with the recently reported crystal structures of the C73S and C73S/C85S mutants. In general, the eight independent molecules in the three crystal structures (three in C73G, three in C73S and two in C73S/C85S) are much more similar to each other than to the previously reported NMR structure of wild-type Pdx in solution. The present findings show a unanimous structure in some regions crucial for electron-transfer interactions, including the cluster-binding loop 39–48 and the cytochrome-interaction region of Asp38 and Trp106. In addition, the Cys45 amide group donates a hydrogen bond to cluster sulfur S1, with Ala46 adopting an Lα conformation, in all three molecules in the crystal.
War Planning and the Outbreak of War in 1914

The debate about the origins of the First World War has been rekindled with numerous new articles and books on the subject. Discussion of the war's outbreak remains a strategist's battleground. Fritz Fischer's interpretations of the causes of the war have dominated the debate for nearly two decades. His principal thesis is that economic and societal pressures propelled Germany into war in 1914. These interpretations are too simplistic and contain a number of errors. As evidenced in the recent literature, the Fischer thesis has skewed our understanding of the origins of World War I. Research into the neglected questions of the policies and the decision making of the other powers reveals at least a corresponding lack of resolve to avoid war.
Modified Spore Inoculation Method for Thermal-Process Verification of Pinto Beans and Green Beans Canned in Two Large Reusable Containers

: As an alternative to standard metal cans, 2 large, reusable containers with volumetric capacities 3.6 to 3.8 times larger than a standard #10 can were constructed of nickel-plated steel. Process times and cold point determinations were previously determined using mathematical approximations of heat-penetration data. It was necessary to verify the adequacy of these process times using inoculated containers. Because it was impractical to use traditional inoculated can procedures, a modification was developed using spores of Clostridium sporogenes PA3679 immobilized in alginate beads contained in brass tubes. Adequacy of the calculated thermal processes was demonstrated; no viable anaerobic spores survived in the inoculated packs.
Personal relevance of traits and things

Subjects made self- and other-descriptiveness decisions about various trait adjectives, as well as self- and other-possession decisions for a series of concrete nouns. The self-other difference was significant only for adjectives, and appeared for both decision speed and recognition. For adjectives, the self-other latency difference was more pronounced for individuals high in private self-consciousness, but there was no self-consciousness difference for noun latencies. Individual differences in need for cognition also moderated the self-other latency effect for adjectives, but not for nouns. Neither self-consciousness nor need for cognition significantly moderated self-other differences in recognition, but the two dimensions seemed to affect recognition in different ways.
Crystallography in the Life Sciences

Modern crystallographic techniques and computer graphics are surveyed as applied to the determination of the structures of large molecules of biological importance, such as DNA-binding proteins, ph...
How to Get Your First Copywriting Job: Wasserman, Dick. New York: Center for Advancement of Advertising, 1985. 219 Pp. $19.95

(1987). How to Get Your First Copywriting Job: Wasserman, Dick. New York: Center for Advancement of Advertising, 1985. 219 Pp. $19.95. Journal of Advertising: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 42-43.
Evaluation of substituted polyphenyl ethers as polar phases in gas chromatography

Abstract Five- and six-ring meta -linked polyphenyl ethers containing NO 2 , Br, CH 3 CO, CH 2 Cl and CN sustituent groups have been prepared. The reaction conditions result in the formation of isomeric mixtures which can be analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Although these substances are not suitable as starting materials for the synthesis of thermally stable reference stationary phases with a defined chemical structure, they do have useful stationary phase properties in their own right. The cyanopolyphenyl ethers (SPE-15 and SPE-16) have similar polarity to Carbowax 20M and Silar 5CP and are more thermally stable. They have good chromatographic properties and can be used to prepare high efficiency packed or capillary columns.
Studying the Polarized Presidency

For reasons that political scientists do not fully understand, American political elites are now more ideologically polarized than they have been since the end of World War I. This polarization?in combination with the rise of divided party government-has sweeping implications for the presi dency. No aspect of executive-legislative relations is untouched. But also deeply affected are relations with the media, with the judiciary, with the bureaucracy, and even the organization of the president's own staff. Presidential scholars are just beginning to grasp these changes. We face an enormous chal lenge but also a remarkable opportunity. The polarized presidency makes us confront a broader range of the institution s possibilities?and those of American democracy. Presidents are at the center of American politics. So to ask, "What do you want to know about the presidency?" is very close to asking, "What do you want to know about American politics?" For me, answering the latter question is easy, and my answer to the first flows natu rally from it. An amazing ideological polarization has swept American political elites. What I want to know is this: what is the origin of this polarization and-perhaps even more critically?what are its consequences, especially in tandem with divided party government? What I want to know about the presidency, specifically, is how elite polarization combined with divided party government affects that institution?which it does, profoundly. As a shorthand phrase, I use "polarized politics" to refer to the politics of periods when elites (especially congressional elites) resemble two armed camps at the ends of the American ideological spectrum. And I will refer to the presidency, when politics is polarized and con trol of government is divided by party, as "the polarized presidency." Thus, the defining con ditions for the polarized presidency are (1) polarized elites (especially the congressional parties) and (2) divided party government.