cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental method for determining dynamic fracture toughness

The boundary and loading conditions in many dynamic fracture test methods are frequently not well defined and, therefore, introduce a degree of uncertainty in the modeling of the experiment to extract the dynamic fracture resistance for a rapidly propagating crack. A new dynamic fracture test method is presented that overcomes many of these difficulties. In this test, a precracked, three-point bend specimen is loaded by a transmitter bar that is impacted by a striker bar fired from a gas gun. Different levels of energy can be imparted to the specimen by varying the speed and length of the striker to induce different crack growth rates in the material. The specimen is instrumented with a crack ladder gage, crack-opening displacement gage and strain gages to develop requisite data to determine toughness. Typical data for AISI 4340 steel specimen are presented. A simple quasi-dynamic analysis model for deducing the fracture toughness for a running crack from these data is presented, and the results are compared with independent measurements.
Handing Each Other Along: Developing Leadership in Kinesiology

Developing and sustaining quality leadership is imperative for the overall health of our discipline. Part of our responsibility as educators is to think about how best to encourage this ongoing process. This article examines strategies for fostering disciplinary leadership, handing each other along, and being handed along, in various ways. One aspect is quality mentorship—developing relationships built on discernment, responsibility, and trust. This means the mentor and mentee spend time setting goals and assessing progress. The second aspect involves a broad understanding of human movement and a commitment to critical thinking. The mentor promotes an interdisciplinary understanding of kinesiology, as well as cultivates a reasoned and creative thought process. By working proactively to develop leadership through these means, we increase our chance of improving our discipline for future generations.
Electronic Reserve on a Regional Campus: The Evolution of the Service

Since the introduction of university regional campuses in Ohio, providing library services has been challenging. Because of new technologies, restricted budgets, and fewer staff, even recently implemented methods and procedures must be reexamined and revised. This article provides an overview of one regional campus library's evolving relationship with the main campus during the implementation and evolution of an electronic reserve system. The history and current use of a course management system is discussed along with the challenges faced by staff in the evolution of reserve services.
Adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohol) onto hydrophobic substrates. A general approach for hydrophilizing and chemically activating surfaces

The adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohol) onto hydrophobic surfaces is described. Three different commercial polymer film samples, poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene)(FEP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP), four different silicon-supported covalently attached monolayers prepared from tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-dimethylchlorosilane, n-decyldimethylchlorosilane, 10-(carbomethoxy)decyldimethylchlorosilane, and 3-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)]propyltrimethoxysilane, and a gold-supported self-assembled monolayer of 1-dodecanethiol were used as adsorption substrates. The kinetics of the irreversible adsorptions and the concentration dependence of adsorbed layer thickness are reported for FEP and the fluoroalkyl monolayer. The adsorbed films render the surfaces of the substrates hydrophilic with advancing water contact angles ranging from 40 to 68°. PVOH films on hydrophobic alkyl and fluoroalkyl monolayers are 10−50 A thick, depending on solution concentrati...
Design and Analysis of Helical Needle Tip Grinding Process

A generalized helical needle tip geometry model, which can describe many typical needle tip geometries, including conical, bevel, blunt and helical shapes with proper geometric parameters, is presented based on analogy to the helical point drill geometry. The generality of this model offers a general way for manufacturing various needle tip geometries. A mathematical model of the helical needle tip geometry is provided along with the formulation of the kinematic model of the tip grinding process. The control strategy on a 5-axis grinding machine system is also developed to implement the designed kinematic model. The needle tip’s motions in the grinding process are simulated to characterize the effects of grinding parameters on needle tip properties and to predict the trajectory of the needle tip point during the grinding process. Finally, several types of needle geometries have been manufactured by the developed grinding process to verify the newly formulated models.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Impulse dispersion in a tapered granular chain

This paper describes a unique way to disperse an impulse in granular material. A number of chrome steel balls are arranged in a chain formation with monotonically decreasing size. The incoming impulse is received by the largest ball at one end and propagates through the chain. Due to translation symmetry breaking, the classical solitary wave known to develop in a chain of particles of the same size quickly lose its signature, disperses itself throughout the balls in the chain, and finally manifests itself as a collection of smaller impulses. This paper presents experimental confirmation of this mechanism and a comparison with recent theoretical predictions of impulse dispersion in a chain of hard inelastic spheres. Some discrepancies with theory are interpreted in terms of energy transfer to rotational degrees of freedom.
The solubility of gases in liquids 3. The solubilities of gases in hexafluorobenzene and in benzene

The solubilities in hexafluorobenzene of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, N 2 , O 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 , and c -C 4 F 8 were determined at 1 atm pressure in the range 10 to 25°C. For comparison, the solubilities in benzene of CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 , c -C 4 F 8 , and Ar were determined under the same conditions. (Measurements by previous workers were available for the remaining gases.) The results were examined via regular solution theory and the more generally accepted semi-empirical correlations.
Flow Experience in the Daily Lives of Older Adults: An Analysis of the Interaction between Flow, Individual Differences, Serious Leisure, Location, and Social Context

Cette etude a examine comment les loisirs serieux, les differences individuelles, le contexte social et l’emplacement contribuent aux experiences de flux – un etat psychologique intense – dans la vie quotidienne des adultes plus âges. La Methode d’echantillonnage a ete utilisee avec 19 adultes plus âges dans une ville du Midwest des Etats-Unis. L’experience de flux a ete la mesure des resultats, et les donnees ont ete analysees a l’aide de la modelisation lineaire hierarchique. Les resultats ont indique que la localite et le statut de l’emploi ont influence l’experience de flux des sujets. En outre, les conclusions ont revele que la retraite etait negativement liee a la rencontre de flux, et qu’il y avait une association significative entre le domicile et l’experience de flux. Les resultats de cette etude ameliorent la comprehension des experiences de flux dans la vie quotidienne des adultes plus âges. Abstract: This study examined how serious leisure, individual differences, social context, and location contribute to older adults’ experiences of flow – an intense psychological state – in their daily lives. The Experience Sampling Method was used with 19 older adults in a Midwestern city in the United States. Experience of flow was the outcome measure, and the data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results indicated that location and employment status influenced the subjects’ flow experience. Furthermore, the findings revealed that retirement was negatively related to experiencing flow, and there was a significant association between home and the flow experience. The results of this study enhance the understanding of flow experiences in the everyday lives of older adults.
Coincidence probabilities for simple majority and proportional lottery rules

Abstract Proportional lottery rules select the winner in a pairwise election by a random process, in which the probability that an alternative is selected is proportional to the number of votes that it receives in the election. This study develops a closed form representation for the expected likelihood that the proportional lottery rule selects the same winner as simple majority rule for a two candidate election. When three candidate elections are considered, pairwise comparisons are made on all pairs of alternatives to determine the winner. Closed form representations are developed for the expected likelihood that the proportional lottery rule has the same winner, and the same complete linear ranking on alternatives, as simple majority rule, given that there is a simple majority rule winner.
Exercise reduces appetite and traffics excess nutrients away from energetically efficient pathways of lipid deposition during the early stages of weight regain

The impact of regular exercise on energy balance, fuel utilization, and nutrient availability, during weight regain was studied in obese rats, which had lost 17% of their weight by a calorie-restricted, low-fat diet. Weight reduced rats were maintained for 6 wk with and without regular treadmill exercise (1 h/day, 6 days/wk, 15 m/min). In vivo tracers and indirect calorimetry were then used in combination to examine nutrient metabolism during weight maintenance (in energy balance) and during the first day of relapse when allowed to eat ad libitum (relapse). An additional group of relapsing, sedentary rats were provided just enough calories to create the same positive energy imbalance as the relapsing, exercised rats. Exercise attenuated the energy imbalance by 50%, reducing appetite and increasing energy requirements. Expenditure increased beyond the energetic cost of the exercise bout, as exercised rats expended more energy to store the same nutrient excess in sedentary rats with the matched energy imbalance. Compared with sedentary rats with the same energy imbalance, exercised rats exhibited the trafficking of dietary fat toward oxidation and away from storage in adipose tissue, as well as a higher net retention of fuel via de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue. These metabolic changes in relapse were preceded by an increase in the skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in lipid uptake, mobilization, and oxidation. Our observations reveal a favorable shift in fuel utilization with regular exercise that increases the energetic cost of storing excess nutrients during relapse and alterations in circulating nutrients that may affect appetite. The attenuation of the biological drive to regain weight, involving both central and peripheral aspects of energy homeostasis, may explain, in part, the utility of regular exercise in preventing weight regain after weight loss.
A concentric planar doubly π-aromatic B19− cluster

A combined theoretical and experimental approach has been used to investigate the structure and bonding of an all-boron cluster (B19−). Calculations suggest that the minimum energy structure is a near-planar one — in which a pentagonal B6 unit is encircled by a larger B13 ring — possessing two concentric aromatic π systems.
The phenomenon of conglomerate crystallization: Part 52. Stereochemical control of the crystallization pathway by small alterations of ligands

Abstract The X-ray structure analysis of mer-trans-[Co(aepn)Cl2(OH2)](ClO4)·H2O (1) (aepn=N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine) reveals that the compound crystallizes in an enantiomorphic space group P212121 implying a spontaneous resolution of its racemic solution, known as conglomerate crystallization. Substitutions of the two chloride ligands with bromides result in the isostructural compound mer-trans-[Co(aepn)Br2(OH2)](ClO4)·H2O (2), which also crystallizes as a conglomerate in the space group P212121. Meanwhile, a substitution of the coordinated OH2 of 1 with NH3 gives mer-trans-[Co(aepn)Cl2(NH3)](ClO4) (3), which crystallizes as a simple racemate in P21/n space group. When N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine (dpt) is used instead of aepn in the preparation of 1, it gives racemic crystals of mer-trans-[Co(dpt)Cl2(OH2)](ClO4) (4) whose molecular packing pattern is identical to that of 3. In the conglomerate structures, the protons of coordinated water ligand are strongly hydrogen-bonded to the oxygen of a water of crystallization to form a spiral packing structures. In the packing structures of 3 and 4, two molecules of opposite chirality are brought together around a crystallographic center of inversion by hydrogen bonds of the protons of the corresponding tridentate amine ligand with oxygens of perchlorate anion.
Vitamin D compounds in leukemia.

The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3,] possess in vitro multiple anti-cancer activities including growth arrest, induction of apoptosis and differentiation of a variety of different types of malignant cells. However, its use as a therapeutic agent is hindered by its calcemic effects. Analogs of 1,25(OH)2D3 have enhanced anti-tumor activity, with reduced calcemic effects. However, limited clinical studies using vitamin D compounds have not yet achieved major clinical success. Nevertheless, pre-clinical studies suggest that the combination of either 1,25(OH)2D3 or its analogs with other agents can have additive or synergistic anti-cancer activities, suggesting future clinical studies.
Modulation of the genotoxicity of pesticides reacted with redox‐modified smectite clay

Pesticides are toxic agents intentionally released into the environment; their use raises public health and environmental concerns. In recent years there has been much attention to the biotic degradation of pesticides. Abiotic mechanisms in the soil can contribute to pesticide degradation yet the toxicological impact of such degradation is unclear. This study combines for the first time an investigation into abiotic mechanisms of degradation coupled with toxicological endpoints in mammalian cells. The genotoxicity of three commonly used agricultural pesticides was assessed before and after exposure to redox-modified clay minerals. The objectives of the study were to determine the genotoxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba, and oxamyl, using single cell gel electrophoresis with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and to determine the effect of the iron oxidation state in clay minerals (ferruginous smectite SWa-1) on the genotoxic potency of the pesticides. 2,4-D alone or following reaction with redox-modified clays did not induce DNA damage in CHO cells. Oxamyl alone induced a concentration-dependent increase in genomic DNA damage; however, its genotoxicity declined after reaction with reduced clay minerals. Dicamba was not genotoxic when directly analyzed. When dicamba was reacted with reduced clay, a concentration-dependent increase in genomic DNA damage was observed. This is the first reported case of a pesticide being converted into a genotoxin after exposure to redox-modified smectites. These data introduce a new paradigm on the interaction between redox-modified clays and pesticide-related environmental genotoxicity.
Mean-Field Approximation to p + He Scattering

The scattering of protons by helium atoms is studied in a mean-field approximation to the many-body S matrix. The one-body equations governing the electron dynamics for elastic scattering are solved iteratively beginning with the interaction-picture time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) solution. At a representative proton laboratory energy of 20 keV, the converged S-matrix elements are within 10% of the TDHF value. Inclusive single-charge transfer probabilities calculated in the interaction-picture TDHF approximation agree reasonably well with the experimental data.
Successful management of junctional tachycardia by hypothermia after a fontan operation

We report herein the findings of a 2-year-old boy in whom junctional tachycardia developed 2 days after he underwent a modified Fontan operation and thereafter was successfully treated by hypothermia without paralyzing and artificially ventilating the patient. Chlorpromazine was useful in achieving moderate hypothermia by surface cooling without producing any unfavorable effects associated with topical cooling.
The Utility of High-Flow Oxygen During Emergency Department Procedural Sedation and Analgesia With Propofol: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Study objective We determine whether high-flow oxygen reduces the incidence of hypoxia by 20% in adults receiving propofol for emergency department (ED) sedation compared with room air. Methods We randomized adults to receive 100% oxygen or compressed air at 15 L/minute by nonrebreather mask for 5 minutes before and during propofol procedural sedation. We administered 1.0 mg/kg of propofol, followed by 0.5 mg/kg boluses until the patient was adequately sedated. Physicians and patients were blinded to the gas used. Hypoxia was defined a priori as an oxygen saturation less than 93%; respiratory depression was defined as an end tidal CO 2 greater than 50 mm Hg, a 10% absolute change from baseline, or loss of waveform. Results We noted significantly less hypoxia in the 59 patients receiving high-flow oxygen compared with the 58 receiving compressed air (19% versus 41%; P =.007; difference 23%; 95% confidence interval 6% to 38%). Respiratory depression was similar between groups (51% versus 48%; difference 2%; 95% confidence interval −15% to 22%). We observed 2 adverse events in the high-flow group (1 hypotension, 1 bradycardia) and 2 in the compressed air group (1 assisted ventilation, 1 hypotension). Conclusion High-flow oxygen reduces the frequency of hypoxia during ED propofol sedation in adults.
Treatment of Stable Chronic Demyelinating Polyneuropathy With 3,4-Diaminopyridine

Objective To determine whether 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) would improve clinical or electrophysiologic function in patients with stable chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy. Design We conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover study of 3,4-DAP in 34 patients with demyelinating polyneuropathy. Material and Methods Of the 17 men and 17 women, who were 21 to 80 years of age, 27 had hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I and 7 had acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy. Treatment consisted of stepped doses of 3,4-DAP (increasing to 20 mg four times daily) or placebo for 4 days. Pretreatment and posttreatment determination of the Neurologic Disability Score (NDS); isometric muscle strength testing; median, ulnar, and peroneal nerve conduction studies; and measurement of serum 3,4-DAP were performed. Quantitative computer-assisted sensory examinations were done in five patients. Results The results for the tinal day of treatment with 3,4-DAP or placebo and the differences between pretreatment and posttreatment findings for total NDS, sensory NDS, Isometric muscle strength testing, compound muscle action potential amplitude, sensory nerve action potential amplitude, motor and sensory conduction velocities, and vibration and cold detection thresholds did not vary significantly. A small improvement of 4 points in the motor NDS (P Conclusion Because no improvement was noted in most measurements of neurologic function, despite use of high doses of drug, 3,4-DAP is unlikely to be beneficial in the treatment of stable chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Exploring the Demand Aspects of Sports Consumption and Fan Avidity

The sports industry is one of the world's fastest-growing business sectors, and its primary source of revenue is ultimately derived from sports fans. However, little is known about fans' allocations of time, effort, and financial expenditures to the sports they care most about or how they determine their allocations. The objective of our research is to explore the dimensions of sports consumption and fan avidity, and the nature of heterogeneity of such demand aspects vis-a-vis derived market segments. We develop a new constrained latent-structure multidimensional scaling procedure to uncover the underlying dimensions of sports consumption and fan avidity for student college football fans at a large university, and simultaneously derive latent market segments to explore demand heterogeneity. We collected data from a sample of student football fans from a large US public university known for its excellence in college football. We developed 35 expressions of manifestations of fan avidity and investigated how these college fans follow and support their football team. We then extracted four interpretable dimensions and four market segments with the application of this new spatial multidimensional scaling model. This paper discusses the managerial implications of applying this new latent-structure procedure to this college football context.
Role of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from January 1, 2000, to October 31, 2012, using the MeSH terms phosphodiesterase inhibitor, lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil. Additional articles were obtained from references identified in the original search.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:English-language randomized controlled trials and review articles were evaluated.DATA SYNTHESIS:Men with BPH commonly experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urgency, frequency, nocturia, and dribbling. α-Adrenergic antagonists have been the mainstay of medical treatment of LUTS but are associated with adverse effects such as orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and sexual dysfunction. The 5-α reductase inhibitors are associated with sexual dysfunction, and treatment effects...
A distribution‐free approach to qdantal response assays

A nonparametric method is developed to estimate the minimum dosage level required to induce a given response rate in an experiment. The only assumption used about the response rate is that it is a nondecreasing function with respect to the dosage level. Let nisubjects be independently tested at dosage level xix1x2xk. This paper presents methodology for the estimation of the smallest i such that the response probability at xi is no less than a required level p. A comparison with well-known nonparametric methods shows that this method is better in some cases. A design of minimum required sample size for a given accuracy is also developed. Nous d$eArivons une m$eAthode nonparam$eAtrique $dCestimation du niveau minimum de dosage n$eAcessaire pour amener un taux de r$eAponse donn$eA dans une exp$eArience. La seule supposition faite sur la taux de r$eAponse est que celui-ci est une fonction non d$eAcroissante quant au niveau de dosage. ni sujets seront independemment test$eAs au niveau de dosage xix1x2…k Dans cet article, nous exposons une m$eAthode $dCestimation du plus petit i tel que la probabilit$eA de r$eAponse au niveau xi n'est pas inf$eArieure $aG un niveau p requis. Une comparaison avec des m$eAthodes non param$eAtrique bien connues montre que cette m$eAthode leur est sup$eArieure dans certains cas. Nous d$eArivons aussi un plan de la taille minimale n$eAcessaire $dCun $eAchantillon pour une precision donn$eAe.
Minimum/Constant Voltage Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate (PLZT) Electro-Optic Shutters

Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) shutters have been developed and proposed for several military and industrial applications. To achieve electronic simplification in the control circuitry it is desirable to lower the voltage operating level to less than 600 volts, and to minimize logistic problems relating to spare lens inventories it is desirable to produce shutters with a relatively constant operating voltage. Experimental data is presented for a number of electrode gap/PLZT wafer thickness ratios which indicate that this 600 volt maximum can be attained. A procedure is then described whereby manufactured shutters or lens assemblies can be electroded to operate over a narrow voltage range.
Ion irradiation damage in geikielite (MgTiO3)

Abstract A series of ion-irradiation experiments were conducted to explore the radiation response of the ilmenite-group oxide geikielite (MgTiO3). In these experiments, oriented single crystals were irradiated with either 200 keV Ar2+or 400keVXe2+ and Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry combined with ion channelling (RBS/C) was used to characterize consequent radiation damage. In the 200keVAr2+ experiments, the sample was held at 100K and a buried amorphous layer 55 nm thick formed underneath a defective crystalline layer 90 nm thick after exposure to a fluence of 2 × 1015 ions cm−2. More detailed experiments with 400keVXe2+ employed incremental ion irradiation followed by RBS/C to determine the extent and rate of radiation damage at temperatures of 170, 300 and 470 K. These irradiations show that there is a strong temperature dependence for damage accumulation and that critical amorphization fluences increase from 2 × 1015 Xe2+cm−2 (170 K) to 6 × 1015 Xe2+cm−2 (300 K) to greater than 2.5 × 1016 Xe2+c...
Evaluating the Imagine Stream Architecture

This paper describes an experimental evaluation of theprototype Imagine stream processor. Imagine [Imagine: Media processing with streams] is a stream processor that employs a two-level register hierarchy with9.7 Kbytes of local register file capacity and 128 Kbytesof stream register file (SRF) capacity to capture producer-consumerlocality in stream applications. Parallelism is exploitedusing an array of 48 floating-point arithmetic unitsorganized as eight SIMD clusters with a 6-wide VLIW percluster. We evaluate the performance of each aspect ofthe Imagine architecture using a set of synthetic micro-benchmarks,key media processing kernels, and full applications.These micro-benchmarks show that the prototypehardware can attain 7.96 GFLOPS or 25.4 GOPS of arithmeticperformance, 12.7 Gbytes/s of SRF bandwidth, 1.58Gbytes/s of memory system bandwidth, and accept up to2 million stream processor instructions per second from ahost processor.On a set of media processing kernels, Imagine sustainedan average of 43% of peak arithmetic performance. Anevaluation of full applications provides a breakdown ofwhere execution time is spent. Over full applications, Imagineachieves 39.4% of peak performance, of the remainderon average 36.4% of time is lost due to load imbalancebetween arithmetic units in the VLIW clusters and limitedinstruction-level parallelism within kernel inner loops,10.6% is due to kernel startup and shutdown overhead becauseof short stream lengths, 7.6% is due to memory stalls,and the rest is due to insufficient host processor bandwidth.Further analysis included in the paper presents the impactof host instruction bandwidth on application performance,particularly on smaller datasets. In summary, the experimentalmeasurements described in this paper demonstratethe high performance and efficiency of stream processing:operating at 200 MHz, Imagine sustains 4.81 GFLOPS onQR decomposition while dissipating 7.42 Watts.
From biological and social network metaphors to coupled bio-social wireless networks

Biological and social analogies have been long applied to complex systems. Inspiration has been drawn from biological solutions to solve problems in engineering products and systems, ranging from Velcro to camouflage to robotics to adaptive and learning computing methods. In this paper, we present an overview of recent advances in understanding biological systems as networks and use this understanding to design and analyse wireless communication networks. We expand on two applications, namely cognitive sensing and control and wireless epidemiology. We discuss how our work in these two applications is motivated by biological metaphors. We believe that recent advances in computing and communications coupled with advances in health and social sciences raise the possibility of studying coupled bio-social communication networks. We argue that we can better utilise the advances in our understanding of one class of networks to better our understanding of the other.
Distinguishing Core and Holoenzyme Mechanisms of Transcription Termination by RNA Polymerase III

Transcription termination by RNA polymerase (Pol) III serves multiple purposes; it delimits interference with downstream genes, forms 3′ oligo(U) binding sites for the posttranscriptional processing factor, La protein, and resets the polymerase complex for reinitiation. Although an interplay of several Pol III subunits is known to collectively control these activities, how they affect molecular function of the active center during termination is incompletely understood. We have approached this using immobilized Pol III-nucleic acid scaffolds to examine the two major components of termination, transcription pausing and RNA release. This allowed us to distinguish two mechanisms of termination by isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol III. A core mechanism can operate in the absence of C53/37 and C11 subunits but requires synthesis of 8 or more 3′ U nucleotides, apparently reflecting inherent sensitivity to an oligo(rU·dA) hybrid that is the termination signal proper. The holoenzyme mechanism requires fewer U nucleotides but uses C53/37 and C11 to slow elongation and prevent terminator arrest. N-terminal truncation of C53 or point mutations that disable the cleavage activity of C11 impair their antiarrest activities. The data are consistent with a model in which C53, C37, and C11 activities are functionally integrated with the active center of Pol III during termination.
Form Follows Function

(1998). Form Follows Function. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 46-49.
Visual Discrimination of Letter-Like Forms and Its Relationship to Achievement over Time in Children with Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to better understand whether visual discrimination abilities are related to reading intelligence and other achievement areas in children with learning disabilities and normally achieving children. Children with visual discrimination problems were identified using the Gibson letter-like visual discrimination task. This task was given to a large sample of children with learning disabilities as well as a sample of normally achieving children. All children were followed throughout elementary school. Results indicated that children with learning disabilities who had visual discrimination problems at 6 or 7 years of age performed more poorly in reading and general achievement over the elementary school years in comparison to the other children with learning disabilities and compared to normally achieving children. Discussion centers around the importance of this skill for reading.
NUTRITIONAL EDEMA IN THE DOG : II. HYPOALBUMINEMIA AND THE AUGMENTATION OF TISSUE FLUID.

The manner in which edema develops in dogs maintained on a diet low in protein is described. Pre-edematous fullness of the tissues is observed for some weeks before palpable edema develops. The state of pre-edema does not merge gradually with that of true edema but rather the transition is relatively sudden. Among twenty dogs the time required for the production of edema varied from 35 to 100 days and averaged 61 days. With three animals in which the nitrogen metabolism was studied during the period before edema had developed, the observed loss of weight was consistently less than the theoretical loss of weight calculated from the negative nitrogen balance. Reasons are given for interpreting the discrepancy as evidence of increasing retention of fluid during the stage of pre-edema. In general the weight curve does not rise during the transition from pre-edema to edema. However, the weight does increase rapidly when fluid is accumulating in the peritoneal cavity. The level of serum albumin which is critical for the development of edema varied between 1.04 and 2.17 gm. per cent. The range is sufficiently wide to suggest the existence of other factors of importance in determining the exact time of appearance of edema. During the phase of recovery the level of albumin which is critical for the disappearance of edema may be appreciably higher than the level which was critical for the formation of edema. Among thirty samples of edema fluid the protein concentration was from 0.02 to 0.72 gm. per cent. The average protein level was 0.230 and the median level 0.165 gm. per cent. A positive correlation is not demonstrable between the duration of edema and the protein content of edema fluid. A difference in behavior toward fluid retention between subcutaneous tissue and peritoneal cavity is pointed out. Subcutaneous tissue is more resistant to acute stress and less resistant to prolonged or repeated stress than the peritoneal cavity. The role of tissue pressure in the etiology of edema is discussed. It is suggested that the critical level of protein in the serum is the concentration which permits the attainment in the tissue spaces of mechanical pressure great enough to break down the restraining action of the connective tissue boundaries of the spaces.
Increasing women graduate students in STEM fields through a focused recruitment workshop

The participation of U.S. women in graduate STEM programs has historically been low. This is due partially to the lack of awareness of what graduate school entails and the fear of failure/success. Kansas State University received an ADVANCE NSF grant, of which one aspect is to encourage more women to pursue higher degrees. As part of this effort, the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering organized a one-day workshop titled "Finding the Ideal Graduate Program" for women students in STEM fields. Early in our process, we determined that establishing contacts and making visits to select feeder schools would be more effective then mass e-mails and mailings. It was a challenge to find female undergraduate students from smaller Midwestern schools who had considered graduate school. This is where presenting a short seminar on graduate research and careers at these schools made a large impact. The workshop was successfully conducted using presentations from five faculty members and a panel of current graduate students. All of the participants found that the presentations were very useful. Feedback and recommendations for future work are presented.
Hydrous Ta2O5.nH2O modified membrane-electrode assemblies for PEMFCs

Hydrous Ta 2 O 5 .nH 2 O has been synthesized by a solution-based procedure and incorporated into Nafion to obtain Nafion-Ta 2 O 5 .nH 2 O composite membranes. The composite membranes have been evaluated in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) at different temperatures in the presence and absence of CO impurities in H 2 fuel, and the data have been compared with those obtained with unmodified recast Nafion membrane. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated with the composite membranes and electrodes consisting of small amounts of hydrous Ta 2 O 5 .nH 2 O show better electrochemical performance at higher temperatures (100-110°C) compared to the native recast Nafion membrane due to their ability to retain water at higher temperatures. For example, the MEAs consisting of Ta 2 O 5 .nH 2 O and 50 μm thick membranes show high power densities of ∼800 and 650 mW/cm 2 at 100°C, respectively, with pure H 2 and H 2 -CO (150 ppm CO) fuels.
A Response to “Dewey and Vygotsky: Society, Experience, and Inquiry in Educational Practice”:

In the May 2001 Educational Researcher, Michael Glassman presented an interesting comparison between the theories of two towering figures in educational thought, John Dewey and Lev Vygotsky. However, Glassman, in his use of the project approach (Katz & Chard, 1989) to make Dewey’s theory operational, misstates several points. This is unfortunate for at least two reasons. First, Glassman’s description of “Dewey-inspired” education is problematic in that it calls into question the premises for his comparison of Dewey and Vygotsky’s ideas. Second, and more troublingly, this interpretation perpetuates historical misunderstandings, misuses, and critiques of Dewey’s theory and related practices.
Uropod elongation is a common final step in leukocyte extravasation through inflamed vessels

The efficient trafficking of immune cells into peripheral nonlymphoid tissues is key to enact their protective functions. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs, real-time leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues is not well characterized. The conventional multistep paradigm of leukocyte extravasation depends on CD18 integrin–mediated events such as rapid arrest and crawling on the surface of the endothelium and transmigration through the endothelial layer. Using enhanced three-dimensional detection of fluorescent CD18 fusion proteins in a newly developed knockin mouse, we report that extravasating leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells) show delayed uropod detachment and become extremely elongated before complete transmigration across the endothelium. Additionally, these cells deposit CD18+ microparticles at the subendothelial layer before retracting the stretched uropod. Experiments with knockout mice and blocking antibodies reveal that the uropod elongation and microparticle formation are the result of LFA-1–mediated adhesion and VLA-3–mediated cell migration through the vascular basement membrane. These findings suggest that uropod elongation is a final step in the leukocyte extravasation cascade, which may be important for precise regulation of leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues.
Diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry in patients with and without prior hematologic malignancy.

Flow cytometry (FCM) is an adjunct study to routine analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to investigate for involvement by a hematologic malignancy. However, in our experience, FCM only infrequently detects abnormalities in CSF. To help optimize resources without forfeiting clinically important data, we sought to determine evidence-based indications and criteria for performing FCM on CSF. FCM results of 316 consecutive CSF specimens were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with clinical history, total nucleated cell (TNC) counts, and results of concurrent cytologic review. Of 255 samples adequate for analysis, 54% were from patients with a prior history of hematologic malignancy, of which 12% (17 cases) were abnormal by FCM. Corresponding TNC counts among samples with abnormal FCM ranged from 0–1050 cells/µL, and only 44% showed abnormal morphology on concurrent cytology. Of the remaining 46% of samples from patients with no known history of hematologic malignancy who had CSF sampling for neurological indications, only one (1%) was abnormal by FCM. This specimen had an elevated TNC count (39 cells/µL) but lacked clearly abnormal findings on concurrent cytology. These results support the use of CSF FCM only in patients with a history of hematologic malignancy or, in the absence of such a history, in samples showing pleocytosis. If these criteria were applied to the current cohort using a TNC count cut-off of >5 cells/µL, 23% of samples would have been deferred from testing, resulting in decreased cost, improved efficiency, and reduction in the need for unnecessary testing without a negative impact on clinical care. Am. J. Hematol. 89:978–984, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is There an Islamic City? The Making of a Quarter in a Moroccan Town

Max Weber's brief remarks on the nature of the Muslim city constitute a poignant example of what Bernard Lewis describes as the unfortunate division of labor which has pervaded the study of Islam: the ‘founding fathers’ of sociology and their successors have framed theoretical statements which were either elaborated or refuted by scholars more directly concerned with the Muslim world.
Stable, robust tracking by sliding mode control

Sliding mode control is examined from the perspective of obtaining stable and robust tracking of an arbitrary time-varying reference by a multi-input-output, linear, time-invariant system driven by a certain class of bounded errors, nonlinearities and disturbances. Most existing schemes for such systems are subsumed by the one presented here. The results are developed via the use of inverse models, and make clear the constraints imposed by the finite and infinite zero structure of the system. In particular, stable and robust tracking is shown to be obtained by the scheme in this paper if and only if the system is minimum phase.
Challenges involved in the diagnostic interpretation of FISH for melanocytic neoplasms

At the molecular level, melanoma and nevi exhibit distinct chromosomal copy number aberrations. As a result, the addition of molecular techniques such as FISH may improve the diagnostic procedures for melanocytic neoplasms. FISH probes targeting 6p25, 11q13, 6q23, 9p21, 8q24 and CEP 6 are currently used in the diagnosis of melanoma. While these assays can be of great utility, there are challenges that may emerge in optimizing interpretation. In this review, the authors discuss technical challenges commonly associated with the FISH protocol such as overdigestion, underdigestion and excessive background. The authors also present challenges associated with interpretation of the FISH for chromosomal copy number changes and offer suggestions as to how the effects of these difficulties can be minimized.
Valvasorjevi prispevki k kemijski tehnologiji (Valvasor’s Contributions to Chemical Technology)

Janez Vajkard Valvasor je svoje uradno solanje opravil v Ljubljani. Kmalu po zakljucenem pouku je mladi Valvasor skupaj z že uveljavljenim kemikom Joannesom de Monte Snydersom eksperimentiral na Dunaju. V naslednjih letih je nadgradil svoje poznavanje kemijskih lastnosti kovin za izdelavo tankostenskega kipa ob Dolenjski cesti v Ljubljani iz posebej v ta namen izumljene zlitine podobne tistim, ki so jih Japonci uporabljali za svoje zvonove. Iz svojih knjig in potovanj je zvedel podrobnosti o tedanjih japonskih zlitinah s katerimi si je pomagal pri lastnem postopku vlivanja kipa. Valvasor je v Ljubljani koncal le nižje studije, saj so visokosolski pouk razvili komaj desetletje po njegovi smrti. Kdo so bili njegovi ucitelji kemije, morebiti celo alkimije, in kje so Valvasorjevi profesorji pridobili potrebna znanja? Na voljo je pravzaprav le ena sama zanesljiva notica o njegovem ljubljanskem studiju datirana 15. 8. 1659, vendar je tudi iz nje mogoce spoznati ucitelje, ki so ga utegnili navdusiti s svojim poznavanjem strukture snovi. Abstract Valvasor’s Contributions to Chemical Technology The Polymath Joannes Weikhard Valvasor (* 1641) conducted all his formal training in Ljubljana. Shortly after completing his schooling the young Valvasor experimented with the established chemist Joannes de Monte Snyders in Vienna. In the following years Valvasor developed his knowledge of the chemical properties of metals for the manufacture of thin-walled statue at Dolenjska Street in Ljubljana. He used the specially designed alloy similar to those endorsed by the Japanese for their bells. From his books and travels Valvasor learned the details of the Japanese alloys and used the data for his own process. According to the only available note about studies in Ljubljana College on August 15, 1659 Valvasor passed from the lower Latin Mary’s congregation to the higher Latin Mary’s congregation which means that he just finished the study of Syntax (higher Grammar) and was about to began his studies of poetics. He probably enrolled as the student-beginner in 1655/56 and graduated as the student of rhetoric in 1660/61. In this paper we will name Janez Vajkard Valvasor’s teachers of chemistry in his teenage years. Valvasor eventually finished just few years of his lower studies because as impetuous young man he decided not to continue his studies in any of the higher education institutions available outside Ljubljana. The leaders of Ljubljana lower courses who enabled and supported the work Valvasor’s formal teachers will be focused. The other important locals who helped Valvasor’s formal teachers to manage his teenage aspirations will be described. And last, but not least, the professor of Valvasor’s teachers will be named. Keywords: Johan Weikhard Valvasor, Athanasius Kircher, Joannes de Monte Snyders, History of Chemistry, History of Schools, chemisemiotics.
Comparison of self-concepts of college women: athletes and physical education majors.

Abstract The Tennessee self-concept scale was administered to college women (N = 460) athletes and nonathletes, physical education majors and general college students, and participants and nonparticipants in high school competitive athletic programs to determine whether differences existed among these groups in self-concept scores. Women physical education majors and participants in high school competitive athletic programs were found to have significantly higher self-concept scores than all other groups—non-physical education majors, athletes, nonathletes, and non-high school participants. Only one significant difference was found between athletes and nonathletes, with nonathletes scoring higher in the category of family self. All groups scored highest for internal frames of reference in identity, followed by behavior, and lowest in self-satisfaction. For the external frames of reference, all groups scored highest in family self and lowest in personal self.
The Ocean Colour Radiance Virtual Constellation (OCR-VC)

The purpose of the OCR-VC (Ocean. Colour Radiance Virtual Constellation) is to ensure a long-term, sustained record of calibrated satellite ocean colour radiances (OCR). This manuscripts describes how an informal federation of space agencies and scientists will implement the activities required to accomplish this objective, 1. PURPOSE OF THE OCR-VC AND
Glutathione transport by type II cells in perfused rat lung

Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that protects the lung against oxidative-injury. Most cells rely on synthesis of GSH to maintain intracellular supply and only a few cell types take up intact GS...
Hemorrhagic disease in an infant due to deficiency of a previously undescribed clotting factor.

1. A case of hemorrhagic disease in an infant due to deficiency of a previously undescribed plasma coagulation factor has been presented. 2. The patient demonstrated all presently accepted criteria for a diagnosis of hemophilia, but the deficient factor was demonstrably different in the two conditions. 3. The deficient factor was found in both normal and hemophilic plasmas. 4. The plasma factor deficient in the patient appeared essential for the formation of active thromboplastin. 5. Localization of the deficient factor was carried out by means of plasma fractionation. 6. The possible relationship of the patient to other cases of nonfamilial hemophilia was suggested.
Implementing a Hospitalwide Patient Safety Program for Cultural Change

Article-at-a-Glance Background After focus groups revealed that staff perceived a punitive culture, Missouri Baptist Medical Center (MBMC) embarked on a comprehensive patient safety program, which was initially directed at creating a just culture of patient safety. Interventions A series of structures, processes, and initiatives were introduced to change the attitudes of management and staff toward human error, to communicate broadly with staff and the community, and to provide feedback on leadership’s responses to specific events. All events reported were tracked continuously and recorded each month on a spreadsheet. Results Total medical events reported by staff increased significantly (p Conclusion The implementation of a carefully planned and orchestrated series of interventions designed to improve a hospital’s culture of patient safety can, if led by senior hospital executives, lead to a substantial, profound, and lasting increase in error reporting and improvement in employee perceptions of the organization’s safety culture.