cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acromial and spine fractures after reverse arthroplasty: Prevalence and risk factors

Abstract Background Stress fractures of the acromion and spine of the scapula are a known complication after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Most reports on these fractures include single implants and relatively small numbers. Controversy remains regarding risk factors and optimal management for these fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for periprosthetic scapular acromion and spine fractures in a large series of consecutive primary RSA. Methods Between 2004 and 2016, 2,172 primary RSAs were performed at a single tertiary referral center using various implants over time. Medical records were reviewed to identify all shoulders (n = 36) that sustained a postoperative fracture of the scapular spine or acromion. Univariate and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether any of the following were significant risk factors for fracture: age, gender, BMI, diagnosis, prior acromioplasty, prior cuff repair, and implant type. Results There were 34 acromial and 2 scapular spine stress fractures, resulting in a prevalence rate of 2%. The mean interval between the index arthroplasty and the diagnosis of fracture was 12 months. The majority of the fractures (89%) were treated non-operatively with shoulder immobilization for 6 weeks. The remaining four fractures (11%) were treated open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). In the multivariate regression analysis, there was a trend towards increased risk of fracture for females (HR = 1.71, p = 0.09) and those with a prior acromioplasty (HR = 2.55, p = 0.07). No significant associations were found with age (HR = 0.84, p = 0.26), BMI (HR = 1.01, p = 0.62), previous rotator cuff repair (HR = 1.47, p = 0.25), diagnosis (HR = 1.03, p = 0.97), medialized (HR = 1.30, p = 0.44), or lateralized center of rotation (HR = 0.77, p = 0.44). Conclusions Postoperative stress fractures of the acromion or spine of the scapula complicated the course of 1.6% of all primary RSAs included in this study. Female gender and a prior acromioplasty may predispose to these fractures. The majority of the fractures involve the acromion, with much less frequent involvement of the spine of the scapula. With the numbers available, no associations were found with age, BMI, diagnosis and various implant features. Level of Evidence Level III; Retrospective comparative study; Treatment study.
The Association Between Adverse Life Events, Psychological Stress, and Pain-Promoting Affect and Cognitions in Native Americans: Results from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk.

Native Americans (NAs) experience higher rates of chronic pain. To examine the mechanisms for this pain inequity, we have previously shown that NAs report higher levels of pain-related anxiety and pain catastrophizing, which are in turn related to pronociceptive (pain-promoting) processes. But, it is currently unclear why NAs would report greater pain-related anxiety and catastrophizing. Given that NAs are also more likely to experience adverse life events (ALEs) and associated psychological distress, it was hypothesized that higher anxiety/catastrophizing in NAs would be partially explained by higher rates of ALEs and psychological distress. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze these pathways (NA ethnicity ➔ ALEs ➔ psychological distress ➔ pain anxiety/catastrophizing) in 305 healthy, pain-free adults (N = 155 NAs, N = 150 non-Hispanic Whites [NHWs]). Pain-related anxiety and situational pain catastrophizing were assessed in response to a variety of painful tasks. The Life Events Checklist was used to assess cumulative exposure to ALEs that directly happened to each participant. A latent psychological distress variable was modeled from self-reported perceived stress and psychological symptoms. Results found that NAs experienced more ALEs and greater psychological distress which was associated with higher rates of pain-related anxiety and pain catastrophizing. Notably, NAs did not report greater psychological distress when controlling for ALE exposure. This suggests that a higher risk of chronic pain in NAs may be due, in part, to psychological distress, pain-related anxiety, and pain catastrophizing that are promoted by exposure to ALEs. These results highlight several targets for intervention to decrease NA pain risk.
SPA: Single patient acceleration in oncology dose-escalation trials.

Abstract Efficient identification of the optimal dose and dosing scheme is one of the most critical and challenging tasks in early-phase oncology trials. The results are far-reaching because advancing a sub-optimal dose to late-stage development may not only jeopardize patients' safety or fail to deliver desired efficacy, but also be costly to sponsors as refined doses must be evaluated further before seeking regulatory approval. A good dose-escalation design is anticipated to yield high accuracy of selecting the correct dose while using fewer patients and keeping the trial duration short. Recently, treating a single patient at each lower dose level until certain events are triggered to switch to larger cohorts has gained much popularity. We name this approach “Single Patient Acceleration” (SPA), which is essentially a variant of the Accelerated Titration Design (ATD) by Simon et al. [ 25 ]. Although literature on novel dose-escalation methods is abundant in the past decade, there is a surprisingly lack of research on evaluating the ATD/SPA framework. In this article, we conduct comprehensive simulations to evaluate the performance of dose-escalation designs with or without SPA, and show that SPA improves design efficiency with similar or better accuracy to those without the “single patient” component under certain circumstances (e.g., slow initial enrollment, or the true maximum tolerated dose is at higher candidate dose levels). Potential safety concerns as a cost of efficiency improvement are also investigated in a quantitative manner to illustrate a comprehensive benefit-risk profile of SPA. Practical considerations and recommendations in using SPA are also discussed.
Toward Quality Online Physical Education: Research Questions and Future Directions

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, online education had grown steadily over the past decade as more K-12 schools and districts expanded their educational options. This included the use of virtual school...
Plant‐based foods and the gut microbiome: A research profile of Franck Carbonero

Franck Carbonero, Assistant Professor of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, was trained in the fields of microbial ecology, gut microbiome, animal and food sciences, and human nutrition. During the mandatory 6-month internship, he performed research on anaerobic microorganisms found in the anoxic layer of a crater lake, with emphasis on Methanogenic Archaea and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. [...]using functional quantitative PCR assays on biopsies from different colonic regions of human volunteers, a ubiquitous presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogenic archaea and acetogens was demonstrated, confirming that both functional groups are normally present and that breath methane variable levels are likely due to heterogenous metabolic activities.
Soils in the Humid Tropics and Monsoon Region of Indonesia

Contents The Development of Soil Science in Indonesia The Pre-World War II Period The Post-World War II Period Geomorphology of Indonesia Geographical Setting of Indonesia Geomorphology of Major Islands Climate of Indonesia Climate Climatic Divisions Based on Length of Dry and Wet Seasons Altitudinal Variations in Climate Significance of Tropical and Monsoon Climates in Pedogenesis Vegetation of Indonesia Climax Vegetation Vegetation Provinces Altitudinal Vegetation Zones Soil formation, Classification, and Land Use Soil Formation Factors Soil-Forming Processes The System of Soil Classification in Indonesia Land Use in Indonesia Soils in the Lowlands of Indonesia Introduction Oxisols Ultisols Lowland Alfisols Vertisols Histosols Soils in the Upland of Indonesia Introduction Podzolic Latosols Inceptisols Soils in the Mountains of Indonesia Introduction Highland Alfisols Brown Podzolic Soils Spodosols Andosols of Indonesia Introduction Parent Materials Climate Soil Morphology Soil Classification Physicochemical Characteristics Land use and Evaluation References and Additional Readings
Study of elliptical annular microstrip antenna using full Mathieu formulation

Elliptical annular microstrip antennas with arbitrary eccentricity are studied using the full Mathieu formulation. The feed point is arbitrarily placed on the elliptical annular shaped patch. The study includes the computation of internal field, radiation field, circular polarization, input impedance, and slot admittance, required to formalize the radiation mechanism, for both inner and outer radiating edges. The calculated results show that the slot conductances of the inner and outer radiating edges have different frequency dependences. Circular polarization can be obtained if the feed point is along the radial line of 45/spl deg/. The position of the feed point has a strong effect on the radiating field, slot conductance, and input impedance. >
The First Amendment and the media in the court of public opinion

1. Freedom of the press and the power of public opinion 2. Surveying the public on press freedoms 3. What Americans know about the freedom of the press 4. Public support for press freedoms 5. Support for press freedoms across media: comparing print, electronic and the 'new media' 6. Support for press freedoms within a medium: elite, mainstream and tabloid news sources 7. Public opinion, the first amendment and the challenges of the 21st century.
A kinetic study of the in vivo incorporation of 65ZN into the rat hippocampus

Previous autoradiographical studies utilizing 65Zn demonstrated an apparent concentration of 65Zn in the mossy fiber boutons of the hippocampus. To examine the speciation of the 65Zn pool found in this neuronal pathway, we investigated the in vivo incorporation of systemic 65Zn into rat hippocampus compared with other brain regions. We were especially interested in kinetically assessing the zinc associated with three previously identified cytosolic zinc-binding species found in the hippocampus. The hypothesis that two of these cytosolic zinc-binding species, a metallothionein-like protein and a putative zinc-glutathione complex, may be responsible for the sequestration of zinc in the hippocampus was tested. It was confirmed that the t 1/2 of hippocampal zinc is longer than other brain regions that were studied. Furthermore, we observed that 65Zn is incorporated into three cytosolic zinc-binding species in the hippocampus as resolved using Ultrogel AcA 34 gel permeation chromatography. One of these species, the putative zinc- glutathione complex, accumulates zinc more slowly than the other species. The data suggest that the putative zinc-glutathione complex may represent an important 65Zn pool in the hippocampus. This finding is in accordance with out hypothesis that a zinc-binding species, specifically, the putative zinc-glutathione complex, may be responsible for the sequestration of zinc in the hippocampal mossy boutons.
The effect of online collaboration on middle school student science misconceptions as an aspect of science literacy

This quantitative, quasi-experimental pretest/posttest control group design examined the effects of online collaborative learning on middle school students' science literacy. For a 9-week period, students in the control group participated in collaborative face-to-face activities whereas students in the experimental group participated in online collaborative activities using the Edmodo educational platform. Students at a public middle school in central Virginia completed both a pretest and a posttest consisting of the Misconceptions-Oriented Standards-Based Assessment Resources for Teachers (MOSART) assessment to measure science misconceptions as an aspect of science literacy. Results indicated that the students who participated in collaborative activities in the traditional classroom had fewer science misconceptions than students who participated in collaborative activities in the online environment. Moreover, from pretest to posttest, the students in the experimental group increased in their science misconceptions. Suggestions for practice and future research are discussed in light of these results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 1103–1118, 2014
Certain Integrals Arising from Ramanujan's Notebooks

In his third notebook, Ramanujan claims that $$ \int_0^\infty \frac{\cos(nx)}{x^2+1} \log x \,\mathrm{d} x + \frac{\pi}{2} \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin(nx)}{x^2+1} \mathrm{d} x = 0. $$ In a following cryptic line, which only became visible in a recent reproduction of Ramanujan's notebooks, Ramanujan indicates that a similar relation exists if $\log x$ were replaced by $\log^2x$ in the first integral and $\log x$ were inserted in the integrand of the second integral. One of the goals of the present paper is to prove this claim by contour integration. We further establish general theorems similarly relating large classes of infinite integrals and illustrate these by several examples.
The Invisible Assistant: One lab’s experiment with ubiquitous computing

Ubiquitous computing seeks to place computers everywhere around us—into the very fabric of everyday life1—so that our lives are made better. Whether it is improving our job productivity, our ability to stay connected with family and friends, or our entertainment, the goal is to find ways to put technology to work for us by getting all those computers—large and small, visible and invisible—to work together. Since Mark Weiser presented the ubiquitous computing vision in 1991, we have made significant progress in creating faster, smaller, and lower-power computing devices.We have just barely begun, however, to tackle the problem of how we get these devices to interact effectively with us and with each other.
Long-Term Experience with GnRH Agonist Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty

In the decade that has passed since the introduction of GnRH agonists as investigational and therapeutic agents, much has been learned about their impact in children with central precocious puberty (CPP). This report will review the ongoing experience from a longitudinal study which began 13 years ago as a collaboration among the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston's Children's Hospital, and the University of Virginia Medical Center. Data is reviewed regarding the suppression of pituitary gonadotropin and gonadal sex steroid secretion and regression of puberty clinically during GnRHa administration as well as the patterns of development which ensue once therapy is discontinued. Finally, long-term growth data is summarized, including final height outcomes in the first cohorts of children with CPP who have completed their growth following the reactivation of pubertal gonadal function post-therapy.
Carboplatin +/− Topotecan Ophthalmic Artery Chemosurgery for Intraocular Retinoblastoma

Purpose Carboplatin administered systemically or periocularly can result in dramatic and prompt regression of retinoblastoma. However, both routes are rarely curative alone and have undesirable side effects. We aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of carboplatin +/− topotecan delivered by ophthalmic artery chemosurgery whereby chemotherapy is infused into the eye via the ophthalmic artery.
The value of the liver scan in preoperative screening of patients with malignancies

This study analyzes the value of the liver scan as a preoperative screening procedure for occult liver metastases in patients with melanoma, sarcoma, head and neck carcinoma, and pelvic carcinoma. The records of 566 consecutive patients admitted to the Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute between 1969 and 1974 were reviewed and 323 patients were found acceptable for inclusion in the study. In these patients, although the liver scan had an overall accuracy of 95%, the scan identified only 50% of the patients with occult metastases to the liver and did not siginificantly add to the yield of the other screening procedures. It was useful as an adjuvant to an abnormal routine workup to confirm and localize metastases to the liver. Scans with only non specific abnormalities were of little help. Liver metastases were not identified in any patients with sarcoma, head and neck cancer, or clinically localized carcinoma of the cervix. Therefore, the liver scan was determimed to be an unnecessary part of their screening workup. Patients with recurrent or advanced carcinoma of the cervix and advanced melanoma were found to have an increased incidence of liver metastases. There was a 10% incidence of occult metastases to liver in patients with melanoma and the incidence increased with advancing clinical stage of disease. Even in this high-risk group of patients the screening liver scan did not significantly add information to that gained by history, physical examination, and blood work.
Superconductivity in the single-band Hubbard model: Mean-field treatment of slave-boson pairing

We investigate the possibility of superconductivity in the large-$U$ limit of the Hubbard model near half filling, using a slave-boson representation. The local constraint is treated in a novel way, incorporating short-range fluctuations in addition to the global constraint. We find slave-boson pairing and a superconducting extended $s$-wave phase at hole concentrations $\ensuremath{\delta}$-above 4% and below 32%.
Economic Evaluation of Air Pollution Damage and Control: Discussion

Narrow perspectives have dominated air pollution research and policy. Economic analysts focus on procedures they know how to do, but are not producing information that is particularly useful for making decisions about air pollution control. While experts in other disciplines demonstrate the same tendency to work from a narrow perspective, all have failed to appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of air pollution because they do not integrate each other's data in their analyses. Economists have developed some important information on the effects of ozone on crops and on externalities in determining pollution costs, but they could take a more active role in broadening the scope of the analyses.
The effect of comonomer content on structure and property relationship of propylene-1-octene copolymer during uniaxial stretching

Abstract The structure and property relationships of propylene-1-octene random copolymer having different octene comonomer concentrations were investigated. In specific, the crystal structure evolution in these copolymers during uniaxial stretching at 60 °C was characterized by in-situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. With high octene content, the copolymer behaved like an elastomer with small elastic modulus and yield stress, low crystallinity and low crystal orientation under stretching. Furthermore, step-cycle tensile test showed that the copolymer with high octene content had a high recovery ratio. With low octene content, the copolymer behaved like a plastomer with large elastic modulus and yield stress, high crystallinity and high crystal orientation under stretching. From 2D SAXS results, it was found that in low octene content sample, lamellar fragmentation occurred resulting in a significant decrease in lamellar lateral size. In contrast, in high octene content sample, stress might be mainly concentrated on the amorphous matrix, leading to an inter-lamellar slip and a small decrease in lamellar lateral size. Schematic structural changes of propylene-1-octene copolymer under tensile deformation were illustrated to explain the different elasticity behavior in these copolymers.
FEUDX: a two-stage, high-accuracy, finite-element FORTRAN program for solving shallow-water equations

Abstract A FORTRAN computer program is presented and documented which implements a new, two-stage finite-element Numerov-Galerkin method for integrating the nonlinear shallow-water equations on a β-plane limited-area domain. In this method high accuracy is obtained by combining the Galerkin product with a high-order compact (hence the name Numerov) difference approximation to derivatives in the nonlinear advection operator. Conservation of integral invariants is obtained by nonlinear constrained optimization using the Augmented-Lagrangian method, allowing perfect conservation of the integral invariants for long-term integrations. Program options include the use of a weighted selective lumping scheme in the finite-element method, use of either a Gauss-Seidel or a successive overrelaxation (S.O.R.) iterative method for solving the resulting systems of linear equations, a line-printer plot of the fields contours and finally, determination at each time-step of the values of three integral invariants of the shallow-water equations. A solver for periodic pentadiagonal matrices resulting from the application of the high-order difference approximation is included. Long-term numerical integrations (10–20 days) have been performed using this program. Smallscale noise was eliminated using a Shuman filter, periodically applied to one component of the velocity field. The method was determined to exhibit a consistently higher accuracy than the single-stage finite-element method and can be use to advantage by meteorologists and oceanographers. Due to the code being modular and flexible it can be changed easily to suit the aims of different researchers. A vectorized version of the code, operative on a CYBER-205 also is available.
Light scattering device for sizing and velocimetry of large droplets utilizing a ring-shaped laser beam

A newly developed light scattering device for sizing and velocimetry of large droplets is described. A novel beam shaping technique is employed in conjunction with a laser operating in the circular TEM01 (doughnut) mode as a light source to achieve a ring-shaped source beam. This particular beam geometry allows definition of a sheetlike scattering volume with an approximately constant power density across it resulting in improved sizing and sampling accuracy. The size resolution of the instrument is better than 7%, and the overall sizing accuracy for an input size range of 30 dB (droplets of ∼45–1500 μm in radius) is ∼10%. While the instrument reported in this paper was designed to analyze water droplets entrained in air, it should also be useful in other sizing applications if appropriate modifications are made.
Bacterial outer membrane channel for divalent metal ion acquisition

The prevailing model of bacterial membrane function predicts that the outer membrane is permeable to most small solutes because of pores with limited selectivity based primarily on size. Here, we identified mnoP in the Gram-negative bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum as a gene coregulated with the inner membrane Mn2+ transporter gene mntH. MnoP is an outer membrane protein expressed specifically under manganese limitation. MnoP acts as a channel to facilitate the tranlocation of Mn2+, but not Co2+ or Cu2+, into reconstituted proteoliposomes. An mnoP mutant is defective in high-affinity Mn2+ transport into cells and has a severe growth phenotype under manganese limitation. We suggest that the outer membrane is a barrier to divalent metal ions that requires a selective channel to meet the nutritional needs of the cell.
A UNIVERSAL POST-EMBEDDING PROTOCOL FOR IMMUNOGOLD LABELLING OF OSMIUM-FIXED, EPOXY RESIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE

The authors have found that double etching of epoxy-embedded, ultrathin sections with 3% sodium metaperiodate rendered epitope expression comparable to that obtained with either saturated or half-saturated sodium metaperiodate solutions. In contrast to either of the two more concentrated oxidizing solutions, double etching with 3% sodium metaperiodate neither bleached the specimens nor generated holes in the plastic resin.
Efficient use of Jacobi rotations for orbital optimization and localization

Quantum chemical orbital optimizations can be accomplished by Newton-type iterations, whereall orbitals are improved ateach step; or by a succession of Jacobi rotations, where onlytwo orbitals are improved at any one step. In both schemes, the iterative updating of the four-index two-electron integrals requires a large computational effort. We show that the four-index transformation due to a Jacobi rotation can be simplified to such a degree that the successive execution of the four-index transformations ofN(N−1)/2 different Jacobi rotations requires no greater computational effort than that required by theone full orthogonal transformation which is the product of allN(N−1)/2 Jacobi rotations. The four-index updating has therefore no bearing on the relative merit of the Newton approach versus the Jacobi approach. The Jacobi approach has, however, an advantage if the optimization of each Jacobi rotation angle is simple and if the effectiveness of the individual Jacobi rotations can be assessed without the execution of four-index transformations. For, in that case, all ineffectual rotations are easily deleted from the iterative sequence. Whether convergence can be guaranteed for one or the other approach is also relevant. Our conclusions are illustrated by application to the problem of intrinsic orbital localization where the succession of Jacobi rotations is the more effective strategy.
Wealth management: The relative importance of asset allocation and security selection

Many studies have suggested that being in the ‘right’ asset category is more important than being in the right asset, ie asset allocation is more important than security selection. Brinson et al. (Financial Analysts Journal, 47(3), 40–48, 1991), for example, claim that approximately 91 per cent of certain portfolio returns can be attributed to the portfolio's asset allocation. This paper differs from earlier studies in that a portfolio's attractiveness is measured based on the ex ante expected utility that an investor associates with a specific portfolio. Most other studies measure a portfolio's attractiveness based on comparisons of ex post results, when it is too late for investors to make their investment choice. The results are very different from those of earlier studies. Portfolios comprising an optimal mix of stock and bond indexes provide much less expected utility than a portfolio comprising an optimal mix of specific stocks and specific bonds. Thus, security selection is found to be far more important than asset allocation.
OTC product: sidekick blood glucose testing system.

with 50 test strips, it registers the first 50 tests regardless of whether they are control or blood samples.6 SideKick may also be an economically sound option regardless of frequency of testing. Patient Information: ■ Apply a blood or control sample on the edge of the test strip tip rather than on top. ■ Be sure to mark the test by pressing the button on the vial when running a control test. ■ You may test using either the fingertip or forearm; testing on a site other than the fingertip is time restricted, such as testing 2 hours after a meal, exercise, or insulin dose. ■ Be sure to write down blood glucose results in a logbook because the meter is disposable and limited to only 50 readings. ■ Discard test strips within 120 days of opening the vial. ■ Discard the control solution within 60 days of opening the bottle. ■ Discard the SideKick unit after the expiration date or when all 50 test strips have been used. ■ Store test strips between 34°F and 86°F (1°C and 30°C). ■ Tests are not intended for diagnosis of diabetes. ■ Do not use or interchange test strips obtained from another SideKick. ■ Do not compare test results from SideKick with other manufacturers’ monitors. Karen W. Lee, PharmD, BSChem, CDM, is Clinical Pharmacist, Walgreens Patient Care Center in Waltham, Mass., and Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Mass.
Application of the transformation of variables technique for uncertainty mapping in nonlinear filtering

This paper addresses the impact nonlinear observations of state variables have on uncertainty accuracy associated with state estimation algorithms. The transformation of variables technique is applied to exactly map probability density functions (PDFs) between domains completely spanned by different combinations of basis vectors. The technique allows for proper generation of the likelihood density when converting from measurement to state variable space and for association of a present state distribution with prior observation data. The exact mapping of probability distribution functions between domains and proper characterization of prior knowledge allows for Bayesian estimation to be appropriately carried out. A Bayes filter utilizing the technique is developed which uses the technique to map the uncertainty in time for generation of the prior density and in space for generation of the likelihood density. The filter is compared with conventional nonlinear filtering techniques in multiple scenarios to demonstrate the utility and insight offered for object tracking and parameter estimation applications.
Letting the family speak about violence: Research findings on family group conference use in domestic violence

This paper concerns findings from a demonstration project carried out in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada (Table I1) in which family group conferences were used to intervene into situations of family violence. In short, families were invited to consider how best to halt all the violence in their family, including abuse and neglect of children but also any abuse or neglect of adults in the family. The project was co-managed and co-evaluated by Dr. Joan Pennell, now of North Carolina State University. This article does not focus in detail on the model itself or the way New Zealand's approach to using family group conferences was adapted. We were, however, quite faithful to that model, including the use of private family time (Table II - Stages of Family Group Conference). Some important modifications are noted, especially those related to the safety of family members during the referral, preparation process, the conference itself, and the stage of follow-up after the conference.
Roles for SH2 and SH3 domains in Lyn kinase association with activated FcεRI in RBL mast cells revealed by patterned surface analysis

In mast cells, antigen-mediated cross-linking of IgE bound to its high-affinity surface receptor, FcepsilonRI, initiates a signaling cascade that culminates in degranulation and release of allergic mediators. Antigen-patterned surfaces, in which the antigen is deposited in micron-sized features on a silicon substrate, were used to examine the spatial relationship between clustered IgE-FcepsilonRI complexes and Lyn, the signal-initiating tyrosine kinase. RBL mast cells expressing wild-type Lyn-EGFP showed co-redistribution of this protein with clustered IgE receptors on antigen-patterned surfaces, whereas Lyn-EGFP containing an inhibitory point mutation in its SH2 domain did not significantly accumulate with the patterned antigen, and Lyn-EGFP with an inhibitory point mutation in its SH3 domain exhibited reduced interactions. Our results using antigen-patterned surfaces and quantitative cross-correlation image analysis reveal that both the SH2 and SH3 domains contribute to interactions between Lyn kinase and cross-linked IgE receptors in stimulated mast cells.
Assessment of low-contrast detectability for compressed digital chest images

The ability of human observers to detect low-contrast targets in screen-film (SF) images, computed radiographic (CR) images, and compressed CR images was measured using contrast detail (CD) analysis. The results of these studies were used to design a two- alternative forced-choice (2AFC) experiment to investigate the detectability of nodules in adult chest radiographs. CD curves for a common screen-film system were compared with CR images compressed up to 125:1. Data from clinical chest exams were used to define a CD region of clinical interest that sufficiently challenged the observer. From that data, simulated lesions were introduced into 100 normal CR chest films, and forced-choice observer performance studies were performed. CR images were compressed using a full-frame discrete cosine transform (FDCT) technique, where the 2D Fourier space was divided into four areas of different quantization depending on the cumulative power spectrum (energy) of each image. The characteristic curve of the CR images was adjusted so that optical densities matched those of the SF system. The CD curves for SF and uncompressed CR systems were statistically equivalent. The slope of the CD curve for each was - 1.0 as predicted by the Rose model. There was a significant degradation in detection found for CR images compressed to 125:1. Furthermore, contrast-detail analysis demonstrated that many pulmonary nodules encountered in clinical practice are significantly above the average observer threshold for detection. We designed a 2AFC observer study using simulated 1-cm lesions introduced into normal CR chest radiographs. Detectability was reduced for all compressed CR radiographs.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Barlow's disease

Abstract The classical form of Barlow's disease or infantile scurvy, with bruises, broken bones and sores that will not heal, is rarely seen today, but it seems to be reappearing under a different guise, when infants with borderline vitamin C depletion are assaulted with too many inoculations at one time. Moreover, it is now sometimes mistakenly diagnosed as child abuse.
Condensation heat transfer in the presence of noncondensables, interfacial resistance, superheating, variable properties, and diffusion

Abstract A wide-ranging analytical investigation of laminar film condensation is presented. The situation under study is an isothermal vertical plate with steam as the condensing vapor and air as the noncondensable gas. In addition to the noncondensable gas, the analytical model includes interfacial resistance, superheating, free convection due to both temperature and concentration gradients, mass diffusion and thermal diffusion, and variable properties in both the liquid and the gas-vapor regions. Heat-transfer results are obtained for a wide range of parameters including bulk concentration of the noncondensable gas, system pressure level, wall-to-bulk temperature difference, and degree of superheating. It is demonstrated that small bulk concentrations of the noncondensable gas can have a decisive effect on the heat-transfer rate. For instance, for a bulk mass fraction of air equal to 0.5 per cent, reductions in heat transfer of 50 per cent or more are sustained. The influence of the noncondensable gas is accentuated at lower pressure levels. It is shown that the aforementioned reductions in heat transfer are due entirely to the diffusional resistance of the gas-vapor boundary layer. The interfacial resistance is shown to be a second order effect. A similar finding applies to thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo. The effect of superheating, which is very small in the case of a pure vapor, becomes much more significant in the presence of a noncondensable gas. A reference temperature rule is deduced for extending the Nusselt model to variable-property conditions.
Current status of the Progymnospermopsida

Abstract The three progymnosperm orders, Aneurophytales, Protopityales, and Archaeopteridales, are characterized and analyzed. The possibility that some of the apparent taxonomic diversity of the Aneurophytales and Archaeopteridales might reflect developmental variation is considered as well as the probability that much of it reflects evolutionary change. A detailed discussion of the phylogenetic position of the Progymnospermopsida concludes the paper.
Video image recognition by the jumping spider, Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae)

Abstract Jumping spiders of the family Salticidae have well developed eyes, which mediate their highly stereotyped predatory and commnicative behaviour. Experimental studies presented here provide behavioural evidence that salticids are capable of perceiving televised (video) images. Juvenile and sexually mature individuals of the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer), were tested in V-maze choice test and behavioural chambers where they were allowed to view images of videotaped prey and spiders presented on Sony Watchman micro-television unuits. Results from this study suggest that jumping spiders interpret video images as real, because: (1) spiders did not discriminate between live prey and its simulateously presented video image; and (2) they behave appropriately when presented with televised images of prey insects (e.g. stalk and attack televised prey), conspecifics (e.g. courtship and sexual receptivity behaviour directed toward televised conspecifics) and heterospecific jumping spider species (e.g. retreat from predator stimulus). These observations support a previous estimate, of low critical flicker fusion frequency values in this group, and enable the development of a powerful new method for the study of animal behaviour.
High temperature work softening yield point phenomena in polycrystalline aluminum

Work softening yield points have been studied in high purity polycrystalline aluminum tested in the temperature rangeT2 = 100°to 450°C at constant strain rate subsequent to prestraining in tension at a lower temperature (T1) = room temperature or 350° C) or higher strain rate. The yield drops increase with prestrain as well as with the difference between the flow stresses at the test and prestrain temperature. Reductions in the yield drop caused by annealing atT2 prior to testing indicate that the yield drops are the result of dynamic recovery. It is shown that dynamic recovery is accelerated by concurrent straining.
Weighted fair queuing with differential dropping

Weighted fair queuing (WFQ) allows Internet operators to define traffic classes and then assign different bandwidth proportions to these classes. Unfortunately, the complexity of efficiently allocating the buffer space to each traffic class turns out to be overwhelming, leading most operators to vastly overprovision buffering—resulting in a large resource footprint. A single buffer for all traffic classes would be preferred due to its simplicity and ease of management. Our work is inspired by the approximate differential dropping scheme but differs substantially in the flow identification and packet dropping strategies. Augmented with our novel differential dropping scheme, a shared buffer WFQ performs as well or better than the original WFQ implementation under varied traffic loads with a vastly reduced resource footprint.
Methods to determine pharmacokinetic profiles of therapeutic proteins.

With an increasing number of therapeutic proteins moving into clinical development program, pharmacokinetics (PK) plays an important role in the development of these macromolecules. For macromolecules, the evaluation of PK parameters is often complicated by several factors, such as choosing the appropriate bio-analytical methods, immunogenicity, route of administration and endogenous concentrations. Despite these difficulties, it is important that the PK evaluation of these compounds be done as accurately as possible.
Neural Networks Applied to Welding: Two Examples

Neural network analysis provides for a powerful means for non-linear regression analysis that can be applied to a wide variety of problems. This paper describes the application of neural networks to two welding areas. The general approach for the development of the back propagation neural networks is described, including the method that was used to identify the optimum neural network architecture and the best neural network. The first application considers the weld profile shape in pulsed laser aluminum welds and the prediction of the profiles as a function of weld process conditions. It is shown that the neural network predictions are reasonably accurate in most cases, in spite of the fact that the training data set was quite small. The second application considers the prediction of Ferrite Number in stainless steel welds as a function of weld composition. For this application an extensive training data set was available. The neural network that was developed was compared to conventional means for predicting Ferrite Number and it was shown that the neural network was considerably more accurate than other currently available methods.
Working Theory Into and Out of Design Experiments

In this response, I advocate for the value of considering theory in the design-based research that Gersten describes in “Behind the Scenes of an Intervention Research Study.” I argue that such an emphasis: is consistent with the literature on design experiments, is integral to advancing knowledge building within domains, serves to advance the work of a field, and supports the dissemination of instructional research. I illustrate these points, drawing upon the research described in the article by Gersten.
Effect of impeller geometry on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients in filamentous suspensions

Volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients were measured in suspensions of cellulose fibers with concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 g/L. The mass transfer coefficients were measured using the dynamic method. Results are presented for three different combinations of impellers at a variety of gassing rates and agitation speeds. Rheological properties of the cellulose fibers were also measured using the impeller viscometer method. Tests were conducted in a 20 L stirred-tank fermentor and in 65 L tank with a height to diameter ratio of 3:1. Power consumption was measured in both vessels. At low agitation rates, two Rushton turbines gave 20% better performance than the Rushton and hydrofoil combination and 40% better performance than the Rushton and propeller combination for oxygen transfer. At higher agitation rates, the Rushton and hydrofoil combination gave 14 and 25% better performance for oxygen transfer than two Rushton turbines and the Rushton and hydrofoil combination, respectively.
Preliminary survey of factors affecting the exposure of harvesters to pesticide residues.

A survey was conducted in the Central Valley of California among harvesters of grapes, oranges and peaches. A comparison was made among factors which might affect their exposure to pesticide residues, such as the age and sex distribution of work crews, their apparel and work practices as related to foliar contact, and exposure to airborne particulates. Recurring high values of airborne particulates suggest that contaminated dust is the primary vehicle for residue exposure.
A comparative overview of molybdenum disilicide composites

Abstract MoSi 2 -based composites possess significant potential to meet the demands of advanced high temperature structural applications in the range 1200–1600 °C, in oxidizing and aggressive environments. These materials constitute an important new class of “high temperature structural silicides”. The intermetallic compound MoSi 2 possesses properties which make it a very desirable matrix for high temperature composites, and these properties are described and compared with those of other high melting point silicides. The developmental history of composites based on MoSi 2 is traced from its beginnings to the present. Mechanical property improvements derived from SiC and ZrO 2 reinforcements, as well as matrix alloying, are described, and properties of current MoSi 2 -based composites compared with those of silicon-based structural ceramics. Finally, important research and development directions for the continued improvement of MoSi 2 -based composites and their use as high temperature structural components are discussed.
Child-rearing practices related to child personality.

Summary Three hundred thirty seven mothers and 307 fathers completed the Child Rearing Practices Questionnaire (CRPQ). Children of these parents were given the High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) and factor scores derived from the CRPQ were used in regression equations to predict each of the HSPQ variables in turn. It was found that the majority of the personality variables could be significantly predicted from the child-rearing practices measures.
Management of malignant pineal germ cell tumors with residual mature teratoma.

Objective The treatment of intracranial mixed germ cell tumors presents a unique challenge, since eradication of malignant tumor by radiation and/or chemotherapy may spare the benign tumor component. We reviewed our surgical experience with residual malignant pineal germ cell tumors after neoadjuvant therapy. Methods Between 1987 and 1997, 16 patients with malignant intracranial germ cell tumors were treated at the Mayo Clinic with a protocol of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. After the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination, all patients were treated with four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin as well as external beam radiation therapy (range, 3030-5940 cGy). Six patients had an incomplete response to therapy, as demonstrated by observation of residual tumor on magnetic resonance imaging scans. Initial pathology in these six patients was germinoma in four and combinations of yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, malignant teratoma, and germinoma in two. Two patients had synchronous pineal and suprasellar tumors, with leptomeningeal dissemination. Tumor markers were elevated in four of the six patients at presentation. Results All patients with residual pineal tumors underwent surgical resection via an infratentorial, supracerebellar approach. Pathological examination revealed mature teratoma in five patients and amorphous debris in one patient. No patient had recurrent malignancy. Significant neurological morbidity occurred in one patient, with no mortality. At a mean follow-up of 23 months, no recurrence on magnetic resonance imaging has been documented. Conclusion Residual pineal tumor occurring after treatment of malignant intracranial germ cell tumor with neoadjuvant therapy is likely to be mature teratoma. Operative resection of these benign recurrences is safe and effective.
Thermodynamic consistency of the multi-scale Gibbs–Helmholtz constrained equation of state

Abstract The multi-scale Gibbs–Helmholtz constrained (GHC) equation is a new predictive cubic equation of state that constrains the energy parameter in the SRK equation to satisfy the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation. It makes use of internal energies of departure calculated from NTP Monte Carlo simulations at the molecular length scale and a novel up-scaling expression to determine the energy parameter at the bulk phase length scale. In this article it is shown that mathematical representation of isothermal molecular internal energies of departure as a staircase function in pressure leads directly to thermodynamic consistency of the multi-scale GHC equation. Experimentally validated numerical results for density for pure components and mixtures, two- and three-phase equilibrium, comparisons with other cubic EOS, and geometric illustrations are presented to illustrate key ideas and to show that the GHC equation provides both accurate and thermodynamically consistent numerical results.