cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise Behavior, Facilitators and Barriers among Socio-economically Disadvantaged African American Young Adults

Background : Although exercise participation has numerous benefits among young adults, socio-economically disadvantaged ethnic minorities tend to be less active than their White counterparts of higher SES. Instead of relying on logical positivism in exercise promotion, a phronetic (humanistic) approach may better assist with understanding exercise behavior. Objective : The study purpose was to examine the exercise behavior and qualitatively distinct exercise values (e.g., activity and inactivity reasons) among socio-economically disadvantaged African American young adults. Method : This was a phronetic, qualitative study among 14 African American young adults (M age = 32.97 years old ±14.13), who attended General Educational Development classes in an inner-city learning center. An in-depth and dialogical interview process was conducted regarding exercise behavior, positive and negative exercise experiences, reasons for exercise participation or not, exercise behavior of participants’ peers and significant others, and neighborhood safety. Results : Only three men met the minimum aerobic exercise recommendations and their main activity was basketball. Three individuals were somewhat active, while the rest of the participants were inactive. Based on the phronetic, thematic analysis, two themes emerged. Exercise facilitators included enjoyment (from skill and fitness development in a playful setting), health improvement, weight loss and toned physique, and utilitarian purpose (i.e., karate to work for campus security). Exercise barriers included time constraints and other priorities (school, work, caretaking), injuries, accessibility and cost issues, safety issues (unsafe neighborhoods), personality (lack of motivation and self-discipline), and undesirable results on appearance and performance. Conclusion : Exercise promoters should emphasize: a) playful, culturally meaningful, and socially supported activities to increase fitness, skill development, and enjoyment; b) policy change via the provision of parental leave for both parents; c) safe and accessible exercise settings, especially among women of lower SES; d) information about safe exercises and injury recovery; and e) fit and healthy physiques for personal fulfilment and enjoyment.
Nonlinear Sinusoidal Currents in the Hodgkin—Huxley Model

Forty years ago Kacy Cole pioneered the measurement of the electric impedance of nerve membranes (Cole, 1968). In addition to a capacitative reactance from the nerve capacity, he found an unexpected inductive component. The latter could not be the result of a changing magnetic field, as is the conventional inductance in physical systems, but was interpreted as arising from changes of the potassium permeability of the membrane.
Generalization and Maintenance of Treatment Effects

For the past two decades, applied behavior analysts have developed increasingly effective interventions for modifying undesired or maladaptive social and academic behaviors of students in tightly controlled and structured learning environments. The applied behavior analysis literature, which is reported in a score of journals and hundreds of textbooks (Rutherford, 1987), contains numerous demonstrations of the law of effect in educational settings with students whose behaviors have been brought under teacher control. However, many applied studies have failed to result in desired changes in target behaviors that persist and generalize to nontreatment settings where therapeutic contingencies are not in effect. The failure to accomplish the maintenance and generalization of intervention effects imposes a critical limitation on this research.
Non-parametric Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals with Doubly Censored Data

The non-parametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) of the distribution function with doubly censored data can be computed using the self-consistent algorithm (Tumbull, 1974). We extend the self-consistent algorithm to include a constraint on the NPMLE. We then show how to construct confidence intervals and test hypotheses based on the NPMLE via the empirical likelihood ratio. Finally, we present some numerical comparisons of the performance of the above method with another method that makes use of the influence functions.
Safety Evaluation of the Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling of 2-Bromopyridines with Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate

The potential safety hazards associated with the copper-mediated cross-coupling of 2-bromopyridines with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate were evaluated. Thermal stability evaluation of the postreaction mixture of 50.6 mmol of 2-bromopyridine with 1.3 equiv of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate in the presence of 2.1 equiv of copper in 40 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) indicated a significant decomposition event with an onset temperature of 115.5 °C by accelerating rate calorimetry, which was significantly lower than that of neat DMSO. In contrast, the reaction mixture in N,N-dimethylformamide did not show any exothermic decomposition up to 400 °C by differential scanning calorimetry. Reaction calorimetry evaluation of this reaction in DMSO revealed a heat output (ΔH) of −13.5 kJ and an adiabatic temperature rise (ΔTad) of 129.5 °C, resulting in a maximum temperature of a synthesis reaction (MTSR) of 189.5 °C. The predicted heat of reaction using density functional theory with the BLYP functional was in good agreement...
Taking What the Sea, Sky and Ship Will Give You

Hopefully you are reading this book before you go on a cruise with astronomy and astrophotography on your agenda and before you take your first astrophotos. Why? Because you need to know how special this pursuit of ours is beyond the technical aspect of photographing the sky. This chapter purposely appears before the chapter on how to process your astrophotos because after you read it you will gain a much larger and deeper appreciation for your results. We will also show you why it is the foundation for Redfern’s Rule #10.
Asa Grant Hilliard, III (1933–2007)

This chapter highlights the accomplishments and historical significance of Asa Grant Hillard who was a psychologist, educator, and supporter of African-centered pedagogy. He consulted with school systems and universities throughout the country. The chapter also offers a critical analysis of the role Dr. Hilliard had in contributing to the growth and development of education in the African American community, especially as it relates to education policies and practices in the latter part of the twentieth-century America through the early twenty-first century in America.
Secure Network-on-Chip Architectures for MPSoC: Overview and Challenges

Network-on-Chip (NOC) is the heart of data communication between processing cores in Multiprocessor-based Systems on Chip (MPSoC). Packets transferred via the NoC are exposed to snooping, which makes NoC-based systems vulnerable to security attacks. Additionally, Hardware Trojans (HTs) can be deployed in some of the NoC nodes to apply security threats of extracting sensitive information or degrading the system performance. In this paper, an overview of some security attacks in NoC-based systems and the countermeasure techniques giving prominence on malicious nodes are discussed. Work in progress for secure routing algorithms is also presented.
Rare Earth Magnet Recovery from Hard Drives by Preferential Degradation

Neodymium recycling by the mineral processing practice of liberation and separation of hard disk drives is envisioned and evaluated. Magnetic material is liberated from the hard drive, constructed mostly of malleable metals, by preferential degradation of the brittle magnet material. The process developed is shown to recover greater than ninety-five percent of the magnet material with a product grade of over 80% magnet material by mass. The process is designed to co-produce stainless steel, aluminum, nickel alloy, carbon steel, and printed circuit board concentrates as contributors to the recycle value of hard drives.
Dark Wires and the Opportunities for Reconfigurable Logic

Power has become a fundamental limit to silicon performance. Most research has focused on reducing transistor switching to constrain power (dark silicon.) Specialized accelerators have been proposed since they implement functionality with fewer transistor switches than general purpose cores. Increasing efficiency requirements lead to more specialization and, therefore, more accelerators that potentially leads to longer distances to get to all the accelerators. Communication, however, consumes energy, and therefore needs to be minimized as well (dark wires.) This paper examines the balance between compute and communication specialization in the context of hard logic (e.g., ASIC) that is highly efficient but static versus soft logic (e.g., FPGA) that is less efficient but allows computation to be moved to reduce communication distances. Our experimental results show using soft accelerators consumes 0.6x-2.1x total power compared to using hard accelerators when communication costs are taken into account.
Schrödinger Equation Solutions for the Central Field Power Potential Energy II. V ( r ) = − V 0 ( r / a 0 ) 2ν−2 , 0 ≤ ν ≤ 1, the Bound States

The bound states of the generalized Schrodinger equation system with radial potential energy V(r) = −V 0(r/a 0)2ν−2, 0 ≤ ν ≤ 1, are described. The solutions of the differential equation are related to the functions for the bound state problem with ν ≥ 1. The Green's function is constructed as well as its first iteration, the traces of both functions are calculated, and an upper and lower bound for the ground state is established. A WKB-like approximate solution for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is derived.
Feminism Awry: Excesses in the Pursuit of Rights and Trifles

Perhaps it is best to begin with the positive. From virtually any perspective, liberal and conservative feminists in the twentieth century have improved the quality of life for many women in a number of noteworthy ways. They have helped win the right to vote, to own property, to make contracts, to serve on juries, to use contraceptives.They have succeeded in asserting the need for enhanced economic opportunities: equal pay for equal work, maternity leave, flex-time for mothers. They have made significant advancements against both domestic battery and sexual harassment in the workplace. As a consequence of all these efforts, there are more women now than ever before in professional schools, city halls, state houses, and courts. Such well-deserved victories, however, have been achieved at the cost of a goodly number of Pyrrhic ones, not the least of which have been wholesale changes in the language and literature of the law-most of it force-fed to the silent majority of women everywhere and to a lesser extent the hapless readers of law reviews. Good people of both sexes have been stampeded into corners of stilted parlance and tortured logic by self-appointed thought police. Big Sister has imposed herself on us all; nowadays she throws no pots and burns no bras but brandishes instead a sacred and unabridgeable Lexicon of Political Correctness.In a nutshell, the attention of reasonable men and women everywhere must be earned-and can be, if the case is made with more measured moderation and less hysterical rhetoric-with more good writing, instead of writing that is impossible to understand, and with more good ideas, instead of ideas that are impossible to implement.As the next generation of enlightened sisters might well have already begun to advise the current feminist legal scholars: Lighten up. Let us understand you. Get a life.
Women and War

Conventional views of the relationship between gender and war suggest that men make war; women make peace. In recent decades, feminist scholarship and empirical reality have challenged prevailing assumptions about war’s relationship to men and women. We have learned that war has profound and unique effects on women, and that war-making relies on women’s participation and support. This article examines the distinct impact that war has on women because of their gender, the various ways that women respond to war and the roles they play, the major debates within this field of study, and, finally, gender inequality as a cause of violence in peacetime and wartime.
A Study Away Summer Program Addressing Accessibility

Accessibility is an important part of designing and building products, yet many computer science students are not receiving any instruction on how to design for accessibility. Teach Access was founded in 2015 as a joint endeavor between industry and academia to address this issue. As part of this larger initiative to include accessibility topics within the field of computer science, we discuss our experiences organizing and participating in a summer study away program that brought together faculty and students from seven universities to spend a week visiting and learning from accessibility experts at a variety of technology companies within Silicon Valley. This second annual offering of this study away program allowed the participating students to learn more about accessibility, participate in accessibility design challenges, and increase discussion and awareness about disabilities and accessibility. We believe this program to be transformational for the students who participate; and are exploring ways to expand the program offerings to reach even more students.
Hepatitis B: Current Status of Therapy and Future Therapies

Despite the availability of a protective vaccine for over 3 decades, the number of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains high. These persons are at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment is effective at inhibiting viral replication and reducing complications of chronic HBV infection, but is not curative. There is a need for novel, finite therapy that can cure chronic HBV infection. Several agents are in early-phase development and can be broadly viewed as agents that target the virus directly or indirectly or the host immune response. This article highlights key developments in antiviral/immunomodulatory therapy, the rationale for these approaches, and possible therapeutic regimens.
DESARROLLO EN LABVIEW Y MATLAB PARA EL CONTROL Y AUTOMATIZACIÓN DE EXPERIMENTOS EN ÓPTICA CUÁNTICA

Fil: Nonaka, Myriam Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Unidad de Investigacion y Desarrollo Estrategico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigacion y Desarrollo Estrategico para la Defensa; Argentina
Chemoradiation-Related Lymphopenia and Its Association with Survival in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal.

Background Although treatment-related lymphopenia (TRL) is common and associated with poorer survival in multiple solid malignancies, few data exist for anal cancer. We evaluated TRL and its association with survival in patients with anal cancer treated with chemoradiation (CRT). Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 140 patients with nonmetastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with definitive CRT was performed. Total lymphocyte counts (TLC) at baseline and monthly intervals up to 12 months after initiating CRT were analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between overall survival (OS) and TRL, dichotomized by grade (G)4 TRL ( Results Median time of follow-up was 55 months. Prior to CRT, 95% of patients had a normal TLC (>1k/μL). Two months after initiating CRT, there was a median of 71% reduction in TLC from baseline and 84% of patients had TRL: 11% G1, 31% G2, 34% G3, and 8% G4. On multivariable Cox model, G4 TRL at two months was associated with a 3.7-fold increased risk of death. On log-rank test, the 5-year OS rate was 32% in the cohort with G4 TRL versus 86% in the cohort without G4 TRL. Conclusion TRL is common and may be another prognostic marker of OS in anal cancer patients treated with CRT. The association between TRL and OS suggests an important role of the host immunity in anal cancer outcomes. Implications for practice This is the first detailed report demonstrating that standard chemoradiation (CRT) commonly results in treatment-related lymphopenia (TRL), which may be associated with a poorer overall survival (OS) in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma. The association between TRL and worse OS observed in this study supports the importance of host immunity in survival among patients with anal cancer. These findings encourage larger, prospective studies to further investigate TRL, its predictors, and its relationship with survival outcomes. Furthermore, the results of this study support ongoing efforts of clinical trials to investigate the potential role of immunotherapy in anal cancer.
Scanning the rice Global MAGIC population for dynamic genetic control of seed traits under vegetative drought.

Grain size and weight are important yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). There is still uncertainty about the genetic control of these traits under drought stress, the most pressing emerging issue in many rice cultivation areas. To address this lack of knowledge, we investigated the genetic architecture of seed size, shape, and weight using the rice Global Multi-parent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) population, grown under well-watered and vegetative drought conditions. We measured variation in seed size and shape with a new high-throughput phenotyping method based on a desktop scanner and the open-source package Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV). Besides being affordable, rapid, and accurate, our method captured the phenotypic divergence between drought and well-watered samples, expressed as 12 different traits that include traditional size metrics and new grain shape measures. Overall, under water deficit, the MAGIC lines produced smaller and shorter seeds. We identified ten MAGIC lines with traits that make them good candidates for the release of rice cultivars with high yield potential under vegetative drought stress. We ran a marker-trait association analysis for the measured seed-related traits. Most of the identified marker-trait associations showed strong genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE), with most allele effects being conditionally neutral. These results suggest dynamic genetic control of seed size, shape, and weight under vegetative drought stress in rice, highlighting the importance of understanding the contribution of GxE interactions on trait variation to develop resilient and high-yielding rice varieties. Our study confirms that combining low-cost and high-throughput phenotyping strategies with a diverse genetic material suited for multi-environmental trial provides solutions for adapting rice cultivation to current and future environmental adversities.
Microfluidic Probe for Multiphysics Enabled Single Cell Manipulation

In this work, we develop microfluidic probes (MFPs) by utilizing high resolution 3D printing, and demonstrate applications in targeted drug delivery with a single cell resolution. In addition, the MFP’s features are extended to include heating elements in order to facilitate its application as a single cell micro-thermo-fluidic tweezer – a heat assisted microfluidic single cell tweezer. With the high resolution 2photon photolithography 3D printing technique (Nanoscribe), we achieve microfluidic injection apertures of $30 \mu \mathrm{m}$ diameter which corresponds to the average span of single cells in adherent culture. Flow characterization demonstrates the devices’ capability of rapidly adjusting its localized target area from about 100 cells (32$,000 \mu \mathrm{m}^{2}$) to single cell resolutions $(320 \mu \mathrm{m}^{2}$). Results show that these resolutions can be maintained in the scanning mode to achieve high resolution drug delivery in cultured adherent cells. Furthermore, as an advancement to the conventional MFP, pin shape electrodes were introduced at the tip to incorporate localized heating features for optimal cell dissociation conditions. Characterization of the heat generated by the pin electrodes is reported and an application of the micro-thermo-fluidic tweezer to selectively detach and collect single adherent cells is demonstrated.
Systematic searching: Practical ideas for improving results: Levay, Paul and Jenny Craven, eds. London: Facet Publishing, 2019. 320p. ISBN 987-1-78330-373-1. $94.99 (softcover)

Expert searching and searching systematically are two important aspects of today’s medical reference librarian. This skill is often honed on the job as librarians and information specialists consis...
Theory of Open Resonators in the form of Waveguide with Slowly Varying Cross Sections

The general formulas for determining the resonant frequency and diffraction Q value are obtained for an axisymmetric open cavity with any profile. Conical and cylindrical open cavities are analyzed in detail. A comparison with numerical solutions to the conical open cavity problem is made and the agreement is found to be good.
Still a Bad Idea: Military Commissions Under the Obama Administration

Although Senator Obama was critical of the Bush administration’s military commissions, President Obama surprised many observers by reviving the trials. Congress then enacted the Military Commissions Act of 2009, improving their procedural fairness including a categorical ban on statements obtained through torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. The new statute largely quieted previous criticism and support has grown for commission use in preference to federal courts. This article argues that the commissions remain badly, if not fatally, flawed in both procedure and substantive law. The bar against evidence obtained through coercion is ineffective, for example. Prosecutors seem determined to use such evidence, purporting to rely on commission judges as gatekeepers. But the adversarial commission process then shifts the effective burden of keeping the evidence out to the defense, which is substantially impeded by government control of information about interrogations, abuse of classification rules, and lack of good faith discovery. Other procedural issues include the multiple roles allowed the civilian convening authority, denial of defense representation by counsel of choice, and the inequality of resources and access to evidence between prosecution and defense. Issues with the substantive law being applied are even more significant, with serious defects in almost all offenses prosecuted to date. The most common charges, conspiracy and providing material support to terrorism are not recognized violations of the law of armed conflict which would make them prohibited ex post facto enactments. Other offenses have serious problems as applied, being used to prosecute suspected terrorists on the basis of their status as unprivileged belligerents rather than for conduct violating the law of war. These factors may result in commission verdicts being overturned during judicial review; they will surely undermine the trials’ credibility and enhance support for America’s adversaries.
GABA Neurons and Their Role in Activity-Dependent Plasticity of Adult Primate Visual Cortex

Since its identification more than 30 years ago (see Roberts, 1975), as a naturally occurring brain substance that inhibited neural activity, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has become recognized as one of the major neurotransmitter agents of the mammalian central nervous system. The ubiquitous distribution of GABA neurons and GABA receptors and the demonstrable role of GABA in shaping, through inhibition, the stimulus—response properties of neurons at many levels of the central nervous system attest to its profound functional importance. In most of the major organized systems of the neuraxis, GABA can probably be regarded as occupying a status equal in importance to that of the excitatory amino acid transmitters.
Fuel Economy and Emissions of a Toyota T-LCS-M Methanol Prototype Vehicle

The Toyota lean combustion system-methanol (T-LCS-M) is a lean burn methanol combustion system designed to maximize fuel economy and driving performance while minimizing pollutant emissions. Testing at the EPA Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) indicates that this system allows relatively low emissions of regulated pollutants and aldehydes when operated on either M100 or M85 methanol fuels under transient driving and evaporative emissions test conditions. Total vehicle hydrocarbon emissions appear lower when the vehicle is operated on M100 rather than M85 fuel. Fuel economy is slightly improved when the system is operated on M85 rather than M100 fuel.
High Field Superconducting Magnets (12 T and Greater) for Fusion Applications

Our ability to produce high magnetic fields in large volumes using superconducting windings has grown dramatically in recent years. The coils in the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility at Oak Ridge National Lab. soon will have produced 8 T in a toroidal array of six D-shaped coils appropriate for a tokamak and approx. 10 tonnes each. One of the nearly 400-tonne Yin-Yang pairs in Magnetic Fusion Test Facility-B at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL) has already produced fields near 7.7 T, and soon the rest of the coils will be charged, with fields in the choke coils of this linear array exceeding 12 T.
Bluegrass Odyssey: A Documentary in Pictures and Words, 1966-86

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Carl Fleischhauer and Neil V. Rosenberg Year: 2001 Pages: xii + 189 Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 0252026152 (hard cover). Prices: $34.95 US
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Xylohypha emmonsii.

The first human phaeohyphomycotic infection caused by Xylohypha emmonsii is described. The patient, an 83-year-old woman, developed a purpuric lesion on her left arm. The pale brown fungal elements observed in biopsy tissue consisted of thin- to thick-walled, oval to spherical, yeastlike cells with single and, occasionally, multiple buds; chains of budding cells; cells with internal septations in one and, rarely, two planes; and septate hyphae. In culture, X. emmonsii grew moderately fast at 25 degrees C, showed minimal growth at 37 degrees C, and failed to grow at 40 degrees C. It produced acropetal chains of one-celled (rarely two-celled) conidia laterally and terminally directly from vegetative hyphal cells. Images
Removal of a foreign body from the stomach: A new use of the fiberesophagoscope

An indvertently swallowed catheter was retrieved from the stomach by the use of the fiberesophagoscope.
Software metrics for real-time systems using fuzzy sets

The recent development of COSMIC-FFP (Common Software Measurement International Consortium) as a functional size measurement metric has greatly improved the estimation of real-time systems. This research attempts to develop effort estimation methods to complement the COSMIC-FFP by fuzzy set based generalization of effort models. The two methods used to achieve this are the fuzzy set model and the fuzzy linear regression model.
Mutational analysis of cis-acting packaging signals in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA.

Abstract We previously identified blocks of sequence near the 5' end of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) genome which conferred on RNA the ability to bind specifically to the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein, Pr55gag (J. Luban and S. P. Goff, J. Virol. 65:3203-3212, 1991; R. Berkowitz, J. Luban, and S. P. Goff, J. Virol. 67:7190-7200, 1993). Here we report the use of an RNase protection assay to quantify the effect of deletion of these sequences on RNA packaging into virions. First, we demonstrated with wild-type HIV-1 sequences that in comparison with spliced viral RNA, full-length viral genomic RNA is enriched 20-fold in virions. A previously described mutation with deletion of sequences between the major splice donor and the first codon of gag (A. Lever, H. Gottlinger, W. Haseltine, and J. Sodroski, J. Virol. 63:4085-4087, 1989) disrupted these ratios such that different HIV-1 RNA forms were packaged in direct proportion to cytoplasmic concentrations. The effect of deletion mutations preceding and within gag coding sequence on packaging was then tested in competition with RNAs containing wild-type packaging sequences. Using this system, we were able to demonstrate significant effects on packaging of RNAs with mutations immediately preceding the first codon of gag. The greatest reduction in packaging was seen with RNAs lacking the first 40 nucleotides of gag coding sequence, although sequences more 3' had slight additional effects.
Erythropoietin for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Purpose of review—Perinatal asphyxia, intraventricular hemorrhage and stroke are common causes of neonatal brain injury, with hypoxia-ischemia as the final common pathway of injury. Erythropoietin (Epo) has potential to lessen neurologic sequelae due to hypoxia-ischemia. The purpose of this review is to highlight new clinical trials and experimental evidence that expand our understanding of Epo as a potential treatment for perinatal brain injury. Recent findings—Several trials of Epo treatment are reviewed: Two phase I/II trials of high-dose Epo given to preterm infants established pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, and a trial of Epo treatment for term infants with moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy found reduced disability. Potential risks and benefits of high-dose Epo are discussed. New evidence related to Epo receptor expression, signal transduction pathways, and mechanisms of neuroprotection are reviewed. Summary—Cautious optimism is warranted regarding the use of high-dose Epo as a treatment option for neonatal brain injury. To date, Epo has been safe to use in neonatal populations and now studies of neuroprotective efficacy are underway.
Validity and Reliability of an “Adult Children of Alcoholics” Index

A 21-item Adult Children Of Alcoholics (ACOA) Index was statistically analyzed in an effort to develop a measure of identifying and assessing ACOAs. The ACOA Index, administered to a conference sample (n = 328), produced four factors suggesting rejection, impulsiveness, inconsistency, and deliberation. The ACOA Index was most highly correlated with indexes for mild depression and low self-esteem. ACOAs scored significantly higher on the ACOA Index than non-ACOAs with an overall correct classification of 67%. Test-retest procedure produced a Pearson r = .80 using a college student sample (n = 134), but only r = .40 for a sample of alcohol inpatients (n = 34). The alpha coefficient for the ACOA Index is .85.
Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Swimming Performance of White Crappie

Abstract Photoperiod and temperature are two environmental factors that have significant effects on fish physiology and behavior but few studies have investigated the effect of photoperiod on swimming performance. We studied the effects of five photoperiods, designated 24L:OD (24 h light:0 h dark), 16L:81), 12L: 12D, 8L: 16D, 0L:241), and three temperatures (5, 15, and 25°C) on the swimming performance of white crappie Pomoxis annularis (5–11 cm in standard length) in a swim tunnel with propeller-driven flow. Two-factor analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05) indicated that both photoperiod and temperature significantly affected fish swimming performance but the interaction of photoperiod and temperature did not. At all temperatures, the 8L: 16D photoperiod resulted in the highest mean swimming speeds. In addition, the temperature effect was consistent at all photoperiods. The mean swimming speed at 5°C was significantly slower than at 15°C or 25°C; however there was no significant difference between swimming...
Dose effect in child psychotherapy: outcomes associated with negligible treatment.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the outcomes of children who received negligible amounts of outpatient treatment to children receiving more treatment. Method A random regression longitudinal model was used to analyze outcomes of children (aged 5-17 years) from the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project. Results In examining several outcomes, the results show no statistically significant dose effect. Conclusions Children receiving substantial amounts of treatment showed no better mental health outcomes than those receiving negligible amounts of treatment. The results do not support the existence of a dose effect consistent enough to guide clinicians, administrators, or policymakers.
Evaluation of c-K-ras in pancreatic carcinomas from Ela-1, SV40E transgenic mice

c-K-ras is activated by mutation at codon 12 in the majority of human pancreatic carcinomas of ductal, but not acinar, phenotype. Therefore, evaluation of c-K-ras in experimentally induced pancreatic carcinomas in animal models is of interest for comparison with the human disease. Acinar cell carcinomas and islet cell tumors arising in two strains of transgenic mice carrying the Ela-1-SV40E transgene were evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction and allele specific oligomer hybridization to seek evidence of c-K-ras mutation at codons 12, 13 and 61. Amplified DNA products, including codons 12 and 13, from the majority of these tumors were also evaluated by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Only wild type c-K-ras was found in the tumors.
Relative Fecundity and Parental Effort in Communally Nesting Anis, Crotophaga sulcirostris

The contribution of eggs to the communal clutch by females of the group and the genetic contribution by males of the group are significantly skewed. The amount of parental care performed by each bird is correlated with relative egg ownership for both sexes.
Clinical use of aromatase inhibitors in human breast carcinoma.

Abstract The biological importance of aromatase rests in the concept that this is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in estrogen biosynthesis. Approx. one-third of human breast carcinomas depend upon estrogen for growth. Blockade of estrogen biosynthesis, then, provides an effective means of causing tumor regression in selected patients. The side effects and lack of specificity of the aromatase inhibitor, aminoglutethimide, provided the impetus toward development of nonsteroidal inhibitors of aromatase. Several compounds are currently being evaluated. Pyridoglutethimide is a derivative of aminoglutethimide which does not inhibit cholesterol side-chain cleavage and possesses no CNS sedative properties; the K i for aromatase is 1100 nM, somewhat higher than for aminoglutethimide, 600 nM. CGS 16949A is a highly potent inhibitor of aromatase which is an imidazole derivative. This compound inhibits aromatase with a K i of 0.19 nM whereas inhibition of C 11 -hydroxylase activity occurs at 10 −6 M. In clinical trials, this compound lowers plasma estrogen levels, blocks peripheral aromatization as documented by isotopic kinetic studies, and causes tumor regression. Phase III trials with this drug are now ongoing. Another agent, R76713, represents another highly potent and specific aromatase inhibitor with little toxicity in animal studies. The K i for placental aromatse is 0.8 nM and this compound is approx. 500-fold more potent than aminoglutethimide. Phase I clinical studies in patients reveal a marked reduction in estrogen production. These compounds represent the most promising of a wide variety of agents currently being tested for their aromatase inhibitory properties.
A delay like no other.

The spindle checkpoint delays the cell cycle when chromosomes are not properly attached to the mitotic or meiotic spindle, giving cells time to correct the error. A new study now strengthens the connection between checkpoint failure and human aneuploidies by showing that the spindle checkpoint component Mad3p is required for accurate segregation of meiotic chromosomes that have not recombined with each other.
Down-regulation by extracellular ATP of rat hepatocyte organic anion transport is mediated by serine phosphorylation of oatp1.

Recent studies implicate a role in hepatocyte organic anion transport of a plasma membrane protein that has been termed oatp1 (organic anion transport protein 1). Little is known regarding mechanisms by which its transport activity is modulatedin vivo. In previous studies (Campbell, C. G., Spray, D. C., and Wolkoff, A. W. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 15399–15404), we demonstrated that hepatocyte uptake of sulfobromophthalein was down-regulated by extracellular ATP. We have now found that extracellular ATP reduces theV max for transport of sulfobromophthalein by rat hepatocytes; K m remains unaltered. Reduced transport also results from incubation of hepatocytes with the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A. Immunoprecipitation of biotinylated cell surface proteins indicates that oatp1 remains on the cell surface after exposure of cells to ATP or phosphatase inhibitor, suggesting that loss of transport activity is not caused by transporter internalization. Exposure of32P-loaded hepatocytes to extracellular ATP results in serine phosphorylation of oatp1 with the appearance of a single major tryptic phosphopeptide; oatp1 from control cells is not phosphorylated. This phosphopeptide comigrates with one of four phosphopeptides resulting from incubation of cells with okadaic acid. These studies indicate that the phosphorylation state of oatp1 must be an important consideration when assessing alterations of its functional expression in pathobiological states.
Genetic divergence within frog species is greater in topographically more complex regions

Most global hotspots of biodiversity and endemism are in montane regions. One explanation is that montane regions have intrinsically higher speciation rates than lowland regions because complex mountain topography and climate variation facilitate genetic isolation among populations. Here, we ask from an intraspecific perspective whether frog species whose haplotypes are connected by topographically/climatically complex regions display strong genetic isolation (greater scaled genetic distances), compared with species whose haplotypes are connected by less complex regions. We analysed published DNA sequences of several frog species from tropical Central and South America for the mitochondrial cob, cox1 and 16S rRNA genes. Pairwise genetic distances among haplotypes within each species were scaled to the geographic distances between each pair of haplotypes. Topographic complexity was positively correlated with scaled genetic distances, and isolation-by-resistance was supported only in species from more topographically complex regions. This suggests that heterogeneous topographies increase landscape resistance, which in turn favours the appearance of isolation-by-resistance. Moreover, we found that the potential barriers that restrict gene flow within species are more closely related to factors associated with temperature and topography than to precipitation.
Preservation of alveolar cell metabolism by successful immune suppression after canine lung transplantation.

Mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing from 13 to 20 kg., were used for these experiments. This report is based on histological examination and surface-tension measurements of lung extracts prepared from 28 experimental animals who survived left lung or left lower lobe transplantation. The total laboratory experience from which the definitive measurements were obtained included 115 canine lung allograft preparations. Excluded from this consideration of experimental data were animals prepared for other related studies and animals with allograft failure as a result of faulty technique, complicating infection, or other problems unrelated to immune rejection.
Evaluation of temperature and humidity on PV module component degradation

In use, photovoltaic modules are exposed to a wide range of environments and mounting conditions, each with a unique combination of temperature and humidity profiles. Here, we model the temperature and humidity environments of several representative climates and use this to estimate the amount of moisture entering a PV module. Then, we use this data to estimate the hydrolytic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used in back-sheets. A very good understanding of the degradation kinetics exists for PET. Calculations using PET kinetics along with environmental data demonstrates that the damp heat test exposes PET to hydrolytic degradation equal to hundreds or even thousands of years. However, for less understood degradation modes, we demonstrate the range of relative degradation rates likely to exist as compared to the damp heat test. This more general analysis highlights the fact that within reasonable limits a single humidity can represent a given climate. Thus when a lower representative humidity is used, one can focus testing conditions on temperature effects. This can significantly simplify testing when very little is known about the humidity dependence of degradation processes.
On interpreting security returns during the ex-dividend period

In this paper we examine the ex-dividend day returns of several taxable and non-taxable distributions. The ex-dividend day returns for the taxable common stocks are consistent with the hypothesis that dividends are taxed more heavily than capital gains. However, the cx-dividend day returns of preferred stocks suggest that preferred dividends are taxed at a lower rate than capital gains; non-taxable stock dividends and splits are priced on ex-dividend days as if they are fully taxable; and non-taxable cash distributions are priced as if investors recetve a tax rebate with them. We also find that each of these distributions exhibits abnormal return behavior for several days surrounding the ex-dividend day. We investigate several possible explanations for this anomaly, but none is capable of explaining the phenomenon.
Identification of risk factors for requiring transfusion during front-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective. Anemia requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is common in ovarian cancer (OC) patients receiving post-debulking surgery chemotherapy. Erythropoietin use has been shown to decrease transfusion requirements in patients receiving chemotherapy. We sought to identify pretreatment risk factors that could identify patients at increased risk for requiring RBC transfusion during first-line treatment for ovarian cancer. Methods. One hundred seventy-five consecutive patients who received chemotherapy with either carboplatin–paclitaxel or cisplatin–paclitaxel following debulking surgery for epithelial OC from 1993 to 1996 were identified. No patient received erythropoietin. Patient characteristics recorded included: age, stage, prechemotherapy hemoglobin, nadir hemoglobin, number of cycles and doses of chemotherapy received. The outcome was requiring RBC transfusion. Independent predictors of requiring RBC transfusion were identified using multivariate analyses. Results. Median age of the cohort was 62 years (range, 28–86). Seventy-one and four-tenths percent had FIGO stage III/IV disease. Median prechemotherapy hemoglobin was 11 g/dL (range, 7.1–15.4); median nadir hemoglobin was 9.3 g/dL (range, 6.6–11.1). One hundred nineteen (66%) patients received cisplatin–paclitaxel, and 61 (34%) received carboplatin–paclitaxel. Of 175 patients, 31 (18%, 95% CI=12–23%) required RBC transfusion. Independent risk factors for RBC transfusion were prechemotherapy hemoglobin P P = 0.01, odds ratio=3.14, 95% CI=1.27–7.76). Of 175 patients, 40 (22.8%) had a prechemotherapy hemoglobin 10 g/dL who received cisplatin–paclitaxel. Conclusion. Ovarian cancer patients frequently require RBC transfusion during postdebulking platinum–paclitaxel chemotherapy. Patients with prechemotherapy hemoglobin
Abstract 2770: UGT2B17 copy number variation and the association with serum glucuonides and prostate cancer risk

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Prostate cancer development and treatment has been associated with steroid hormones and/or steroid metabolites. While consensus seems to be building that serum testosterone levels are not related to disease risk, the role of genes involved in steroid metabolism have not been extensively studied. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes are part of a superfamily of genes involved in phase II detoxification of a wide variety of endogeneous and exogenous substances including bile, odorants, steroids, and drugs. The UGT2B17 gene is expressed in the prostate where it catalyzes the conjugation of a glucuronic acid moiety to steroids such as androstane-3α, 17βdiol. Several studies have examined whether a copy number variant (CNV) of UGT2B17 is associated with prostate cancer risk in case control studies, however, results have been inconclusive, and only one of the studies included African Americans. We examined the relationship of UGT2B17 CNV with prostate cancer risk aggressiveness in a hospital-based, case-control study conducted at the Durham Veterans Administration Hospital, and the relationship between serum levels of the glucuronide of androstane-3α, 17βdiol, AAG, in healthy Caucasians and African Americans. Levels of AAG were measured using ELISA. UGT2B17 genotype was determined by gene-specific copy number assays using Taqman Realtime PCR which showed 0, 1, or 2 alleles of the gene. Whereas CNV was not related to race (p=0.85), a higher CNV was significantly associated with higher androstane-3α, 17βdiol levels in healthy white men (p=0.018) but not non-white men (p=0.94). We found no association between CNV and cancer risk among all men (p=0.59) nor when stratified by white (p=0.70) vs. non-white (p=0.72). Among men with cancer, CNV was not related to Gleason score (p=0.32). These findings suggest that CNV may be associated with serum hormones levels, and these associations may differ between white and non-white men. Serum levels may be altered by other genetic or epigenetic factors in non-white populations. The role of CNV as a risk factor for prostate cancer requires further study in larger samples and with genetic and epigenetic variants. Funded by Department of Defense, NIH NCMHD P20 [MD000175][1], S06-[GM008049][2]-33 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2770. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2770 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=MD000175&atom=%2Fcanres%2F71%2F8_Supplement%2F2770.atom [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=GM008049&atom=%2Fcanres%2F71%2F8_Supplement%2F2770.atom
Antipeptide antibodies to two distinct regions of the androgen receptor localize the receptor protein to the nuclei of target cells in the rat and human prostate.

We have developed polyclonal antibodies to two synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino-(N-)terminal or carboxyl-(C-)terminal segments of the human androgen receptor (hAR) protein, as deduced from the nucleic acid sequence of the androgen receptor cDNA. Immunoreactive antisera were identified by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and purified by peptide affinity chromatography. Specific immunoreactivity with the hAR was confirmed by immunoblotting, using both a fusion protein produced in E. coli that contains the Cterminal 880-amino acid sequence of hAR and the full-length receptor protein produced in COS cells after transfection with a plasmid containing the entire hAR-coding region. Immunohistological evaluation of rat and human prostatic tissue using anti- C-terminal or anti-N-terminal antibodies demonstrated similar patterns of specific staining of the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells. Castration resulted in a decrease in the amount of nuclear AR detected in the rat prostate afte...