cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic variations associated with echocardiographic left ventricular traits in hypertensive blacks

Echocardiographic measures of cardiac target organ damage, including left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness, are powerful predictors of heart disease morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for hypertension and heart disease have effects on quantitative measures of hypertensive cardiac target organ damage, independent of their actions on blood pressure levels, in a cohort of hypertensive black sibships. To detect replication of genetic effects across samples, this study took advantage of the affected sibling pair design and created 2 samples, each with 448 unrelated individuals. As part of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy Study, subjects were screened using 2D echocardiography, and 395 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 80 candidate genes were genotyped. Linear regression was used to test for single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with left ventricular mass index (g/m 2.7 ) or relative wall thickness after adjusting for associated covariates. Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms were subsequently tested for consistent directionality in genotype–phenotype relationships across samples. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 each in the APOE , SCN7A , and SLC20A1 genes, were significantly associated in both samples with left ventricular mass index and had replicate genotype–phenotype relationships. One in the ADRB1 gene was significantly associated with relative wall thickness with replicate effects in both samples. We identified genetic variation that significantly influences left ventricular traits with replicable effects in a cohort of hypertensive, black siblings.
Extracellular matrix-driven alveolar epithelial cell differentiation in vitro.

During homeostasis and in response to injury, alveolar type II (AT2) cells serve as progenitor cells to proliferate, migrate, differentiate, and reestablish both alveolar type I (AT1) and AT2 cells into a functional alveolar epithelium. To understand specific changes in cell differentiation, we monitored morphological characteristics and cell--specific protein markers over time for isolated rat AT2 cells cultured on combinations of collagen, fibronectin and/or laminin-5 (Ln5). For all matrices tested, cultured AT2 cells displayed reduced expression of AT2 cell--specific markers from days 1 to 4 and increased expression of AT1-specific markers by day 3, with continued expression until at least day 5. Over days 5 to 7 in culture, cells took on an AT1-like phenotype (on collagen/fibronectin; collagen alone; or Ln5 alone), an AT2-like phenotype (on collagen/fibronectin/Ln5; or collagen/Ln5), or both AT1-like and AT2-like phenotypes (on collagen/fibronectin matrix with a subsaturating amount of Ln5). Cells tra...
Transverse-momentum dependence of J/Ψ production in nuclear collisions

Abstract The suppression of J/Ψ production at transverse moment p ⊥ c in central 16 O+ 238 U→ Ψ +X at 200 A GeV has been interpreted as a possible signature of quark-gluon plasma formation. We show, however, that the observed p ⊥ dependence is consistent with extrapolations from p+A→Ψ+X data, and that quasielastic initial-state parton scattering together with final-state inelastic hadronic reactions may explain the preliminary data.
The pressure broadening of SO2 by N2, O2, He, and H2 between 90 and 500 K

Abstract The temperature dependence of the pressure broadening of four ground vibrational state rotational transitions of SO 2 have been measured. The broadening gases included N 2 , O 2 , He, and H 2 . The temperatures investigated in this work ranged from 90 to 500 K. For temperatures below 160 K, where SO 2 has negligible vapor pressure, the collisional cooling technique was used for two of the transitions. The measured broadening parameters fit well to an exponential temperature dependence over the whole range of temperatures. Room temperature values of the broadening parameter are compared with previous experimental and theoretical work.
Relativistic radiative transition rates and energies for the Li-like isoelectronic sequence: Electric and magnetic dipole and quadropole radiation

For Li-like ions in the isoelectronic sequence between the nuclear charges Z = 26 and 94, energies, oscillator strengths and probabilities of electric and magnetic dipole and quadropole transitions between the first 22 atomic levels were calculated by means of the multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock model. The effects of nonlocal Breit interaction, electron self-energy and vacuum polarization were included in calculating energy levels and radiative rates. The trends of transition energies and rates along the isoelectronic sequence, in particular, the enhancement of the forbidden transitions with increasing atomic number Z, are discussed.
Strong, macroporous, and in situ-setting calcium phosphate cement-layered structures

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is highly promising for clinical uses due to its in situ-setting ability, excellent osteoconductivity and bone-replacement capability. However, the low strength limits its use to non-load-bearing applications. The objectives of this study were to develop a layered CPC structure by combining a macroporous CPC layer with a strong CPC layer, and to investigate the effects of porosity and layer thickness ratios. The rationale was for the macroporous layer to accept tissue ingrowth, while the fiber-reinforced strong layer would provide the needed early-strength. A biopolymer chitosan was incorporated to strengthen both layers. Flexural strength, S (mean±sd; n = 6) of CPC-scaffold decreased from (9.7±1.2) to (1.8±0.3) MPa (p<0.05), when the porosity increased from 44.6% to 66.2%. However, with a strong-layer reinforcement, S increased to (25.2±6.7) and (10.0±1.4) MPa, respectively, at these two porosities. These strengths matched/exceeded the reported strengths of sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants and cancellous bone. Relationships were established between S and the ratio of strong layer thickness/specimen thickness, a/h:S = (17.6 a/h+3.2) MPa. The scaffold contained macropores with a macropore length (mean±sd; n = 147) of (183±73) μm, suitable for cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Nano-sized hydroxyapatite crystals were observed to form the scaffold matrix of CPC with chitosan. In summary, a layered CPC implant, combining a macroporous CPC with a strong CPC, was developed. Mechanical strength and macroporosity are conflicting requirements. However, the novel functionally graded CPC enabled a relatively high strength and macroporosity to be simultaneously achieved. Such an in situ-hardening nano-apatite may be useful in moderate stress-bearing applications, with macroporosity to enhance tissue ingrowth and implant resorption.
A Thermodynamic Model of Methyldiethanolamine−CO2−H2S−Water

The electrolyte−nonrandom two-liquid model has been used to represent the thermodynamic behavior of the system: methyldiethanolamine−CO2−H2S−water. The Data Regression System (DRS) of Aspen Plus was used to regress parameters of the model to experimental data. pH and conductivity data were utilized to supplement vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) data and improve confidence in model predictions at low acid gas loadings. Predictions for the mixed acid gas systems can be accurately made from the single acid gas parameter sets without the need to regress additional parameters. VLE data were fit well and the calculated heat of absorption matches calorimetric data.
Analytical and numerical solutions for energy minimization of road vehicles with the existence of multiple traffic lights

In this paper, we seek an optimal speed trajectory to minimize fuel consumption of a conventional vehicle on a route consisting of multiple traffic lights. We propose to solve the problem in two stages. In the first stage a high level control algorithm determines the traffic light arrival times. In the second stage we calculate the optimal velocity profile by utilizing the vehicle models and traffic light arrival times. We present two solution methods for the second stage. The first method proposes a closed form (analytical) solution to the optimization problem using simplified vehicle longitudinal and fuel consumption models. In the second method we utilize non-linear vehicle dynamics and solve the problem numerically. The two methods solve an example optimization problem with the existence of several traffic lights. We have compared the investigated optimal trajectories and evaluated the performance of the solutions in terms of calculation time and consumed fuel amount. The results show that the closed form solution requires significantly shorter calculation time with less than 0.1 % degradation in fuel economy compared to the numerical method.
Bilateral Homonymous Hemianopia

Bilateral homonymous hemianopia occurred in 15 patients seen during a four-year period. Persons with this visual deficit had similarly shaped visual field defects on corresponding sides of the vertical midline for each eye, equal visual acuity which is generally normal, and normal pupil and fundus examinations. The most common causes of the bilateral posterior cerebral artery insufficency were arteriosclerosis (40%), uncalherniation (20%), and migraine (13%).
Boundaries and Dreams

This article reviews and summarizes a number of published studies as well as recent unpublished work by the authors on Boundaries (Thin vs. Thick Boundaries) and various aspects of dreaming. Analysis of data by groups as well as by individuals demonstrates a surprisingly high correlation between thinness of boundaries and dream recall frequency. Thin boundaries appears to be the only personality measure clearly related to dream recall frequency. We also demonstrate a relationship between thin boundaries and dream content. Dreams of persons with thin boundaries are rated more dream-like, more emotional, and more bizarre in a number of studies. Thin boundaries are correlated especially with Central Image Intensity—a measure that is elevated in powerful dreams, dreams after traumatic events, and dreams after 9/11/01. These results strengthen our view that the “trait” continuum running from very thick boundaries at one end to very thin boundaries at the other is closely related to the “state” continuum runnin...
The impact of biomechanics in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Biomechanical factors profoundly influence the processes of tissue growth, development, maintenance, degeneration, and repair. Regenerative strategies to restore damaged or diseased tissues in vivo and create living tissue replacements in vitro have recently begun to harness advances in understanding of how cells and tissues sense and adapt to their mechanical environment. It is clear that biomechanical considerations will be fundamental to the successful development of clinical therapies based on principles of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for a broad range of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, craniofacial, skin, urinary, and neural tissues. Biomechanical stimuli may in fact hold the key to producing regenerated tissues with high strength and endurance. However, many challenges remain, particularly for tissues that function within complex and demanding mechanical environments in vivo. This paper reviews the present role and potential impact of experimental and computational biomechanics in engineering functional tissues using several illustrative examples of past successes and future grand challenges.
Economics and management information systems

Without exaggeration, the basic challenge of management is economics: how to choose to employ scarce productive resources to accomplish limited objectives effectively. It is well recognized today, and increasingly so in post-industrial societies, that information, broadly defined, is a strategic economic resource that must be managed if it is to be productive. A comprehensive literature has developed in the discipline of economics which concerns information, information systems, and information-related phenomena of import to management and the development of management information systems (MIS). Although this literature is vast, this overview attempts to relate some of this work to MIS and MIS research.We highlight results in three general areas: (1) those which concern the effect of information upon economic markets external to the firm, (2) those which concern issues of information and its relation to decision making and the internal organization of the firm, and (3) those which concern questions of allocation and control of information resources within the firm. In particular, attention will be directed to interpretation of the major results related to the effect of information upon markets and upon individual decision making, team theory, agency theory, decomposition theory, resource allocation and pricing, incentives, and information evaluation.
IL-4 Engagement of the Type I IL-4 Receptor Complex Enhances Mouse Eosinophil Migration to Eotaxin-1 In Vitro

Background Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that IL-4Rα expression on a myeloid cell type was responsible for enhancement of Th2-driven eosinophilic inflammation in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. Subsequently, we have shown that IL-4 signaling through type I IL-4 receptors on monocytes/macrophages strongly induced activation of the IRS-2 pathway and a subset of genes characteristic of alternatively activated macrophages. The direct effect(s) of IL-4 and IL-13 on mouse eosinophils are not clear. The goal of this study was determine the effect of IL-4 and IL-13 on mouse eosinophil function.
An analytical electron microscope investigation of the phase transformations in a simulated heat-affected zone in alloy 800

The heat-affected zone (HAZ) hot-cracking behavior of Alloy 800 was investigated with hot ductility (Gleeble) testing during a simulated HAZ thermal cycle. Microstructural analyses were performed by optical metallography, fractography, electron microprobe analysis, and analytical electron microscopy on specimens that were water quenched from selected temperatures during this thermal cycle. Analysis of analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) data suggests that incipient melting of the grain boundaries occurs at temperatures of 1300 °C and above. The HAZ hot-cracking mechanism was consistent with aspects of a constitutional liquation phenomenon involving a nonequilibrium eutectic-type reaction between grain boundary Ti(C, N) and the austenitic matrix. The extent of expected HAZ cracking would be low as the liquation of Ti(C, N) was localized and no lower melting intermetallic solidification products(e.g., Laves) were observed. The mechanistic observations were consistent with classical thermodynamic and solid state diffusion models.
Decorum, Power and the Courtly Style

If politics is an art, then matters of style must be crucial to its practice. This essay considers how political actions are shaped by rhetorical practices that depend upon aesthetic perceptions. Modern assumptions of artistic autonomy are replaced by the classical concept of decorum, which offers a model for understanding how political life is styled for rhetorical effect. The role of decorousness in contemporary politics is illustrated by the extreme case of the courtly style, which constitutes power through propriety, is centered on the king's body, displaces speech with gesture, and ends in political paralysis.
The topology of nested homoclinic and heteroclinic tangles

Abstract Homoclinic and heteroclinic tangles are fundamental phase space structures that help in organizing the transport defined by a chaotic map on a two-dimensional phase space. Previous work introduced the technique of “homotopic lobe dynamics” to study the topology of a homoclinic tangle. The present work generalizes homotopic lobe dynamics to describe the topology of a network of nested homoclinic and/or heteroclinic tangles. Using this theory, we demonstrate that the topological analysis of a network of nested tangles can lead to an efficient symbolic description of a chaotic phase space, even in the vicinity of islands of stability. By increasing the amount of topological information used (e.g. by introducing additional tangles at finer scales), this technique suggests an efficient route for defining accurate symbolic dynamics for phase spaces that exhibit a mixture of chaos and regularity.
The Enforcement of Morals Revisited

Against Patrick Devlin, H. L. A. Hart rejects the enforcement of morals as such. Hart defends an expanded version of John Stuart Mill’s harm principle, but this expanded version is no more defensible than Mill’s original claim. Hart’s discussion fails to clarify what is really at stake in controversies regarding the moral acceptability of criminal prohibition of such activities as suicide and assisted suicide, recreational drug use, prostitution, and so on. Regarding the enforcement of morals as such, we should acknowledge that the jury is still out.
Effects of Increasing Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Arachidonic Acid (ARA) in Brood Diets of Monodactylus sebae on Fecundity, Egg and Larval Quality, and Egg Fatty Acid Composition

Abstract The Guinean Fingerfish Monodactylus sebae is a popular euryhaline ornamental fish species with limited aquaculture production. One of the bottlenecks to commercial production is lack of knowledge of the nutritional requirements for broodstock. Therefore, three broodfish diets were formulated and fed to Guinean Fingerfish broodstock to determine their quantitative and qualitative effects on egg production and egg and larval morphology. The dietary treatments consisted of a control, a diet with increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and a diet with increased DHA and arachidonic acid (DHA + ARA). Broodfish fed the DHA + ARA diet spawned more frequently than broodfish fed the DHA diet and those fed the control diet. The greatest egg production was also observed from broodfish fed the DHA + ARA diet. The mean hatching success of floating eggs was not significantly different among diets. The mean egg and oil globule diameters for both floating and sinking eggs were significantly smaller for broodfish fe...
Laser-induced in vitro isomerization of urocanic acid in UVA region and the origin of excited triplet state

Abstract We demonstrate here unambiguously that (E)-urocanic acid, an epidermal and photobiologically important chromophore, undergoes isomerization to the (Z) isomer upon excitation with UVA (320–400 nm) light using monochromatic 355 and 340 nm laser radiation. Additionally, chemical evidence is presented that supports the isomerization coming from the excited singlet state, thus proving unequivocally that the previously observed triplet state is populated from the excited singlet manifold via intersystem crossing rather a weak S0→T1 transition.
Correlations of seed traits with tofu texture in 48 soybean cultivars and breeding lines

Food-grade soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr] used to produce tofu have specific seed composition, shape, size and colour requirements. Seed qualities, such as protein content, have been correlated with tofu texture. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between textural qualities of tofu and seed characters, including shape, size, density, weight, protein content and oil content. Tofu was produced from the seed of 48 high-protein or food-grade soybean lines grown at two locations in 2010. Four tofu textural traits were assessed including work to failure, deformability, stiffness and hardness. Seed protein and oil content were significantly correlated with stiffness and hardness, and protein was additionally correlated with work to failure. Pearson's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.45 to 0.60 (adjusted P-values < 0.002) for protein and −0.49 to −0.35 for oil (adjusted P-values < 0.016). No significant correlations between tofu texture and seed volume or shape were detected. Seed protein content can be assessed for indirect selection for tofu firmness, whereas this study reveals no evidence that seed size affects tofu texture.
Effect of heavy water (99+%D2O) on beet root permeability

Abstract The effect of D 2 O on the permeability of beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) membranes to betacyanin was investigated. The rate of pigment efflux was significantly greater in a 99+%D 2 O environment than in H 2 O. The enhanced rate of leakage, evident at all D 2 O concentrations greater than approximately 65% could be delayed by exogenously supplied Ca 2+ . Cycloheximide and puromycin had similar effects on pigment efflux. It is suggested, therefore, that the disruption of the beet root membranes in D 2 O was caused by at least a partial inhibition of protein synthesis in the D 2 O incubated tissue.
Lysine-based zwitterionic molecular micelle for simultaneous separation of acidic and basic proteins using open tubular capillary electrochromatography.

In this work, a zwitterionic molecular micelle, poly-e-sodium-undecanoyl lysinate (poly-e-SUK), was synthesized and employed as a coating in open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for protein separation. The zwitterionic poly-e-SUK containing both carboxylic acid and amine groups can be either protonated or deprotonated depending on the pH of the background electrolyte; therefore, either an overall positively or negatively charged coating can be achieved. This zwitterionic coating allows protein separations in either normal or reverse polarity mode depending on the pH of the background electrolyte. The protein mixtures contained four basic proteins (lysozyme, cytochrome c, α-chymotrypsinogen A, and ribonuclease A) and six acidic proteins (myoglobin, deoxyribonuclease I, β-lactoglobulin A, β-lactoglobulin B, α-lactalbumin, and albumin). Protein separations were optimized specifically for acidic (reverse mode) and basic (normal mode) pH values. Varying the polymer thickness by changing the po...
Temperament and behavior of infants prenatally exposed to drugs: Clinical implications for the mother‐infant dyad

In trying to prevent developmental delays, we are continually searching for specific events or factors that are responsible for less than optimal development. Recept attention has focused on the effects of cocaine exposure in utero, with the most common effects appearing to be subtle neurobehavioral differences. The purpose of this study was to determine if, at the age of 6 months, infants exposed to cocaine exhibit significant differences in behavior and cognitive abilities. Results of this study revealed differences between exposed and nonexposed infants in both temperament and behavioral characteristics. Temperamentally, children prenatally exposed to cocaine were reported to be less cooperative, more difficult to manage, and more arrhythmic. The drug-exposed group was also rated lower on behavioral characteristics of responsiveness, communication, and participation. The two groups were similar in terms of cognitive development. The impact of these behavioral effects on the mother-infant relationship is discussed in terms of clinical and research implications of this study. En essayant d'eviter les retards de developpement, nous recherchons continuellement des eeeements specifiques ou des facteurs qui sont responsables d'un developpement moins qu'optimal. Notre attention s'est recemment portee sur les effets de l'exposition in-utero a la cocaine, les effets les plus communs semblant ětre de subtiles differences neurobiologiques. Le but de cette etude etait de determiner si, a l'ǎge de 6 mois, les nourrissons exposes ǎ la cocaine faisaient preuve de differences significatives dans le comportement et les capacites cognitives. Les resultats de cette etude ont revele des differences entre les nourrissons exposes et non exposes a la fois dans le temperament et ans les caracteristiques comportementales. De point de vue du temperament, les enfants exposes prenatalement a la cocaine se sont averes ětre moins cooperatifs, plus difficiles, et plus arrhythmiques. Le groupe expose a la drogue a egalement recu des scores inftrieurs sur les characteristiques comportementales de reaction, communication et participation. Les deux groupes etaient les měmes pour ce qui concerne le developpement cognitif. L'impact de ces effets en matiere de comportement sur les relations mere-nourrisson est discute sur le plan des implications cliniques et des implications de recherches de cette etude.
The Relation Between Cerebral Oxygen Consumption and Cerebral Vascular Reactivity to Carbon Dioxide

The mechanisms whereby CO2 affects cerebral vessels are not as simple as once thought,1, 2 and are probably both directly on cerebral vascular walls3, 4 and indirectly by action on brain stem neurones.5 Furthermore, cerebral vascular reactivity to CO2 has been reported to be altered by a number of physiological and pathological circumstances. The capacity to dilate to increased PaCOCO2 is decreased in cerebral vascular lesions,6-8 and is affected by changes in cerebral perfusion pressure.9 Cervical sympathectomy is said to increase CBF response to PaCOCO2 changes, whereas sympathetic nerve stimulation abolishes reactivity to CO2.10 Deep anesthesia, hypothermia, or trauma to brain reduces reactivity to cerebral vessels to CO2, the one common denominator for these states being reduced cerebral metabolism. This report demonstrates that the capacity of cerebral vessels to dilate or constrict in response to changes in PaCOCO2 is influenced by cerebral oxygen consumption.
Cyclophosphamide treatment of an SJL murine B-cell lymphoma increases the proportion of suppressive CD8+ over tumor-stimulatory CD4+ T-lymphocytes

Lymphomas (formerly reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS)) which develop spontaneously in SJL mice are a murine counterpart of human low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Tumor cells stimulate proliferation of syngeneic CD4+ T-lymphocytes which secrete cytokines required for tumor growth. Cyclophosphamide treatment of tumor-bearing mice (RCS/Cy) decreases in vitro tumor-stimulated CD4+ T-cell proliferation and, in turn, tumor growth, in part, through the suppressive action of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. In RCS/Cy compared to untreated tumor-bearing (RCS5) mice we report marked in vivo decreases in: (1) the activation (CD44HI/CD45RBLO phenotype) and proliferation (S + G2M phases of the cell cycle) of CD4+ T-lymphocytes; (2) the ratio of activated and/or proliferating CD4+ to CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and; (3) the proliferation of tumor cells. Also, depletion of CD8+ T-lymphocytes from RCS/Cy mice abrogated much of the efficacy of the RCS/Cy treatment and led to changes in lymphoid populations more reminiscent of those in RCS5 than RCS/Cy mice. The data support our hypothesis that the RCS/Cy treatment achieves its efficacy by preventing the predominance of CD4+ over CD8+ T-lymphocytes which is essential to maximum tumor growth in RCS5 mice. The results imply that analogous B-cell lymphomas in humans also may be treatable by shifting the T-cell balance toward inhibitory CD8+ rather than the tumor-stimulatory CD4+ T-lymphocytes.
Vascular anomalies causing symptomatic tracheobronchial compression.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To review the clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of patients with symptomatic congenital vascular anomalies causing tracheobronchial compression and to establish the short- and long-term results of surgical intervention with respect to postoperative complications, persistent symptoms, and ventilator and tracheostomy dependence. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: Chart review and telephone follow-up. Results: Between 1987 and 1996, 35 children underwent surgical intervention to relieve symptomatic tracheobronchial compression resulting from a congenital vascular anomaly. Historically, the onset of symptoms occurs within the first months of life; however, only 12 (34%) of patients were diagnosed by 6 months of age and 13 (37%) were diagnosed at greater than 1 year of age. Excluding anomalous innominate artery, chest radiography or barium swallow was suggestive of a congenital vascular anomaly in 30 (94%) of the patients. Magnetic resonance imaging correctly delineated the anatomy of the vascular anomaly in 29 patients. Bronchoscopy was diagnostic in all three patients with anomalous innominate arteries causing tracheal compression. Postoperative follow-up was obtained in 32 (91%) of patients; 25 (78%) of these were asymptomatic at the time of their most recent examination. The remaining patients had persistent stridor, recurrent respiratory tract infections, and/or chronic cough. In all three patients who underwent postoperative bronchoscopy for persistent symptoms, tracheomalacia was demonstrated in the region of previous compression. Conclusions: Tracheobronchial compression from congenital vascular anomalies is a rare but treatable cause of respiratory symptoms. Early diagnosis requires a prompt, thorough clinical and radiologic evaluation. Surgery affords excellent long-term resolution of symptoms.
Analysis and design of sub-harmonically injection locked oscillators

Sub-harmonic injection locking (SHIL) is an interesting phenomenon in nonlinear oscillators that is useful in RF applications, e.g., for frequency division. Existing techniques for analysis and design of SHIL are limited to a few specific circuit topologies. We present a general technique for analysing SHIL that applies uniformly to any kind of oscillator, is highly predictive, and offers novel insights into fundamental properties of SHIL that are useful for design. We demonstrate the power of the technique by applying it to ring and LC oscillators and predicting the presence or absence of SHIL, the number of distinct locks and their stability properties, lock range, etc.. We present comparisons with SPICE-level simulations to validate our method's predictions.1
Threshold models of collective behavior.

Models of collective behavior are developed for situations where actors have two alternatives and the costs and/or benefits of each depend on how many other actors choose which alternative. The key...
George Alexander Kelly (1905–1967)

(1968). George Alexander Kelly (1905–1967) The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 19-24.
Electrochromatographic separation of inorganic phosphate, a adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate☆☆☆

Abstract Electrochromatography with carefully adjusted electrolyte solutions (0.003 M zinc acetate, 0.035 M citric acid, and 0.0148 M sodium citrate) at pH 3.8 is an effective technique for the separation of mixtures of phosphoric acid, adenosine monophosphate, adenosinc diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate.
Beef cattle pasture to wetland reconversion: Impact on soil organic carbon and phosphorus dynamics

There is a major need to understand the historical condition and chemical/biological functions of the ecosystems following a conversion of wetlands to agricultural functions. To better understand the dynamics of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and phosphorus (P) during beef cattle pastures to wetland reconversion, soil core samples were collected from the beef cattle pasture and from the natural wetland at Plant City, FL, during five summer seasons (2002–2007). The levels of TOC and soil P were significantly affected by changing land use and hydrology. Draining natural wetlands to grazed pastures resulted in very pronounced reduction of TOC from 180.1 to 5.4 g g−1. Cumulative concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in soils (1134 mg kg −1 ) under drained condition are two to three times lower than those in soils (2752 mg kg−1) under flooded condition over the periods of land use reconversion. There was a declining trend (r = 0.82**; p ≤ 0.01) in total soil P from natural wetland (763 mg kg −1 ) to altered pastures (340 mg kg−1), largely as organic-bound P (natural wetland, 48%; grazed pastures, 44%; altered pastures, 29%). These results are important in establishing baseline information on soil properties in pasture and wetland prior to restoring and reconverting pasture back to wetland conditions. The results further suggest that changes in soil properties due to changing land use and hydrologic conditions (drying and re-wetting) could be long lasting. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Generalization of the DMPK equation beyond quasi one dimension

Electronic transport properties in a disordered quantum wire are very well described by the Dorokhov-Mello-Pereyra-Kumar (DMPK) equation, which describes the evolution of the transmission eigenvalues as a function of the length of a multichannel conductor. However, the DMPK equation is restricted to quasi-one-dimensional systems only. We derive a generalized DMPK equation for higher dimensions, containing dependence on the dimensionality through the properties of the transmission eigenvectors, by making certain statistical assumptions about the transfer matrix. An earlier phenomenological generalization is obtained as a special case.
Personality Factors in Jargon Aphasia

Summary The personality background of 20 patients with jargon aphasia was compared to that of a standard aphasia group with particular reference to features of the so called anosognosic personality; denial or marked overt fear of illness and strong work orientation. Such attitudes toward illness were found in 19 of 20 jargon subjects, and seven of the comparison group. Nineteen of the jargon patients and eleven of the non-jargon aphasics were described as highly work oriented. The premorbid personality was also significantly related to the type of denial of the speech deficit, and to related aspects of behavior. Patients with strong premorbid denial explicitly and completely denied their aphasic deficits, and were affable, bland or unconcerned. Patients with a history of overt fear of illness had implicit or mixed forms of denial, and showed disturbed, agitated, paranoid and often psychotic behavior. The type of denial is thus related not only to premorbid personality, but to observable behavior in hospital. The observations are regarded as providing additional evidence for the view that jargon may be regarded as “anosognosic aphasia,” and represents not only a linguistic deficit, but an adaptation to the deficit.
Predicting Radiology Resident Errors in Diagnosis of Cervical Spine Fractures1

Rationale and Objectives Our objective was to identify factors associated with resident errors of cervical spine fractures to enable targeted education. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive cases of after-hours resident interpreted cervical spine fractures over 27 months at a single level 1 academic trauma center. The outcome measure was appropriate identification of all fractures by the resident. Potential predictors of resident error or discrepancy were identified from chart review and included: age, gender; fracture location/pattern (upper/lower cervical spine, occipital condyle, C1 ring, dens, C2 pars, vertebral body, posterior column, lateral mass, transverse process); consecutive and nonconsecutive additional fractures; radiologist distracting factors (number of noncervical spine injuries); number of noncervical spine studies performed. Risk ratios with confidence intervals were calculated for categorical variables using epidemiological 2 × 2 tables, and for continuous variables using difference of means. Results There were 59 errors among 492 cervical spine fractures in a total of 327 patients. Fifty-seven of the errors were on computed tomography and 2 errors were on radiographs. Upper cervical fractures were significantly more likely to have been errors than lower cervical fractures: risk ratio (RR) of 2.2 (confidence intervals (CI) 1.3, 3.5; P = .001). Occipital condyle fractures were more likely to have been discrepant: RR = 2.2 (CI 1.3, 3.9; P = .006). Dens fractures were also significantly more likely to have been discrepant: RR = 2.0 (CI 1.0, 3.8; P = .05). Other potential predictors were not associated with significantly increased risk. Conclusion Upper cervical spine fractures, in particular occipital condyle and dens fractures were significantly associated with an increased relative risk of resident missing or misinterpreting the fracture. These findings suggest that resident education should focus in particular on upper cervical spine injuries, occipital condyle, and dens fractures. The methods used in this study could also be applied to other imaging modalities and anatomic regions in the future to target resident education to more challenging areas.
A study of continuous/discontinuous chip formation using acoustic emission

Chip formation control is an important problem in unmanned machining operations. Short, discontinuous chips are often most desirable to avoid entanglement with tooling and to aid with mechanized removal systems. Chip formation conditions can change during machining, especially with single-point turning. Experiments were conducted on a machining center. Conditions of feedrate-induced segmented chips correlate well with the count rate of acoustic emission (AE). The sensitivity of AE signals to chip congestion or entangling due to continuous chip formation is illustrated.
A new species of Lymanopoda from Southern Ecuador. (Lepidoptera, Satyridae, Pronophilini)

A new pronophiline satyrid butterfly, Lymanopoda hannemanni, is described from southern Ecuador. It is compared with its congeners, and hypotheses about the biogeography of Andean pronophilines are proposed.
Inspiring Hope: Questions of Purpose and Audience in The vocacyon of Johan Bale

This essay examines how John Bale assembled The Vocacyon, how in the process he authorized himself as a Pauline heir in order to be heard, and why the colophon date of December 1553 should be accepted as the probable date of publication. The essay argues that Bale's text reveals conflicting tendencies, in terms of purpose, strategy and audience, which can be traced to the different sections of the treatise and to Bale's search for an authorizing scriptural voice. Regardless of these conflicts, Bale proclaims to congregational leaders in England a message of hope and a particular sense of deliverance during the early months of Mary's reign when he believed in the possibility of keeping the reformed practice alive despite religious change.
Brain stem localization of rodent esophageal premotor neurons revealed by transneuronal passage of pseudorabies virus

Abstract Background/Aims: Brain stem premotor neurons control swallowing through contacts with both afferent neurons and motoneurons. The location and connectivity of premotor neurons innervating the esophagus was determined using pseudorabies virus. Methods: In 30 rats, viral injections were made into either the cervical or subdiaphragmatic esophagus, cricothyroid muscle, or stomach. After a 48–62-hour survival, brain sections were processed immunocytochemically for the virus. Results: Neuronal labeling was limited to the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus for survivals of 48–54 hours. At 57–62-hour survivals, virus-labeled second-order neurons (premotor neurons) were localized to the central subnucleus of nucleus of the solitary tract. Injections in the cricothyroid muscle and stomach resulted in distinct patterns of motoneuronal labeling in the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus and premotor neuronal labeling in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Conclusions: Virus-labeled premotor neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract occurred as a result of retrograde transport of the virus from the nucleus ambiguus because no viral antigen was present in the tractus solitarius. The esophagus is controlled by a central circuit whereby esophageal vagal afferents terminate on premotor neurons in the central subnucleus that in turn innervate esophageal motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Type II Superconductors

The results of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) experiments on simple type-I superconductors were among the first and most important verifications of the BCS theory of superconductivity. In this paper, the application of nmr techniques to the study of superconducting properties in the more complex type-II superconductors will be reviewed. The discussion will include the effect of material parameters (e.g., degree of long range crystalline order, density of states at the Fermi level, effects of magnetic dopants) on the superconducting properties, including size of the superconducting gap, vortex structure, upper-critical field Hc2, and variations in Tc. Emphasis will be placed on high Tc, high Hc2 materials, i.e., A15 compounds and the ternary Chevrel phases.
Secretory proteins in the reproductive tract of the snapping turtle, Chelhydra serpentina

SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the secretory proteins produced by the epithelial and endometrial glands of the uterine tube and uterus in the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina. The proteins were analyzed throughout the phases of the reproductive cycle from May to August, including preovulatory, ovulatory, postovulatory or luteal, and vitellogenic phases. The pattern of secretory proteins is quite uniform along the length of the uterine tube, and the same is true of the uterus, but the patterns for uterine tube and uterus are clearly different. We identify 13 major proteins in C. serpentina egg albumen. Bands co-migrating with 11 of these are found in the uterine tube, but at most 4 are found in the uterus, suggesting that the majority of the albumen proteins are most likely secreted in the uterine tube, not in the uterus. Although some of the egg albumen proteins are present in the uterine tube only at the time of ovulation, most of the bands corresponding to albumen proteins are present throughout the breeding season even though the snapping turtle is a monoclutch species. These results suggest that the glandular secretory phase in the uterine tube is active and quite homogeneous in function regardless of location or phase of the reproductive cycle.
SU‐FF‐J‐27: Analytical Quality Assurance Criteria For CT‐MRI Mutual Information Image Fusion

Purpose: To use point‐based error metrics as an analytical criterion for CT‐MRI mutual information (MI) image fusion. Method and Materials: A commercially available MI algorithm was used to fuseCT and MRIimage sets for 5 patients. Three corresponding anatomical landmarks were manually identified on CT and MRI to initialize the fusion algorithm. All landmarks, designated A(CT) and A(MRI), were identified by a single expert user. A program was developed to extract the CT and MRI point coordinates, scaling factors and homogenous transformation matrix M from the commercial system. The parameters were used to calculate the “ideal” MRI coordinates, A'(MRI) = M*A(CT), that analytically always produce zero documented error by the manufacturer's software. The difference between the ideal calculated A'(MRI) and the user indicated MRI data set A(MRI) was then analyzed in terms of standard point‐based error metrics, Fiducial Localization Error (FLE) and Fiducial Registration Error (FRE). The program also performs the inverse transformation, A'(CT) = M‐1*A(MRI), into CT space for a similar error analysis.Results: The FLE was determined, by statistical analysis in the form of the repeated digitization of the anatomical landmarks by the same expert user, to be 0.6mm (+/− 1 pixel). The range of FRE for the 5 patients was 2.2 mm to 2.5 mm. Visual inspection of the MRI points transformed into CT space clearly indicated that the fusion error was as much as 20% of the cone diameter for small treatment cones and therefore clinically significant. Conclusion: FREs as large as 2.5 mm are dosimetrically significant given that typical dose gradients in stereotactic radiosurgery are 10%/mm. In addition to being representative of the performance of the MI fusion, FRE should be considered when determining clinical target margins for stereotactic target delineation.
Generalized Quantum Probability and Entanglement Enhancement Witnessing

It has been suggested (cf. Sinha et al. in Science 329:418, 2010) that the Born rule for quantum probability could be violated. It has also been suggested that, in a generalized version of quantum mechanical probability theory such as that proposed by Sorkin (Mod. Phys. Lett. A 9:3119, 1994) there might occur deviations from the predictions of quantum probability in cases where more than two paths are available to a self-interfering system. These would lead to additional contributions to interference. Here, these ideas, some in the theoretical context and some in the experimental context, are briefly reviewed and pragmatically extended to situations involving bipartite systems, so that corresponding interference enhancement due to entanglement might be witnessed.
Interbreed Matings in Dairy Cattle. I. Yield Traits, Feed Efficiency, Type and Rate of Milking

Abstract Performance and efficiency in first lactation for 88 two-breed and 49 three-breed crosses among Ayrshires, Brown Swiss, and Holsteins were compared to the weighted mean of purebred contemporaries of the three breeds to estimate heterosis resulting from crossbreeding. All possible combinations of two-breed and three-breed crosses were included. The animals were sired by 18 Ayrshire, 18 Brown Swiss, and 17 Holstein sires selected by random drawings from among all bulls of the three breeds in regular AI service. The two-breed crosses had 4 to 15% heterosis for days open. Ayrshire × Holstein and Swiss × Holstein crosses were 8 to 10% above the parental mean for production traits, but Ayrshire × Swiss showed no heterosis. Heterosis for measures of efficiency of feed utilization was about one-half that for production in Ayrshire × Holstein and Swiss × Holstein crosses, but was zero in Ayrshire × Swiss crosses. In general, the estimates of heterosis for three-breed crosses were higher than for two-breed crosses. These were superior to the mean of the parental breeds by 13.8, 11.9, 13.8, 12.2, 9.2, 13.0, 12.9, 7.2, and 0.3% in days open in lactation, milk, fat, SNF, protein, FCM yields, therms produced, three measures of efficiency, and persistency of milk yield, respectively. The Ayrshires, Brown Swiss, and Ayrshire × Swiss crosses were significantly below Holsteins in production and efficiency traits. The Ayrshire × Holstein, Swiss × Holstein, and three-breed crosses were slightly lower in milk and FCM yields but generally superior to Holsteins in fat yield and efficiency. These results indicate certain crossbred groups may have economic superiority over purebreds. Rates of milking and type scores showed little evidence of heterosis.
Sensing schemes for state estimation in turbulent flows and flexible structures

We show that with a low number of sensors one can estimate, in real time, the full state of distributed parameter systems like the velocity fields of magnetohydrodynamic flows (liquid metals or plasmas in fusion) or the displacement distribution in cantilever beams (as employed in atomic force microscopy). It suffices to place the sensors at the boundary of the domain of the distributed parameter system-for example, electrodes placed at the wall of an MHD flow, or a laser sensor of the beam tip displacement. The estimation of the infinite-dimensional state of the system is performed using observers designed with the method of "backstepping" which guarantees their exponential convergence to the unsteady motion of the true system. The observer design is performed without any spatial discretization-directly on the non-reduced partial differential equation models. The observer gains do not require the solution of any high-dimensional nonlinear equations, like Riccati equations used in Kalman filters. Instead, the observer gains require the solution of a linear hyperbolic PDE, which is readily solvable both numerically and symbolically. We present simulation results that illustrate the use of our observers.
Metadata Conversion and the Library OPAC

Summary This paper examines the metadata movement on the Internet and anticipates the need to establish a metadata repository for library collections. The library OPAC not only functions as a gateway for local and external metadata repositories, but also is equipped to extract, map, convert, and display all metadata. One of the benefits is that the newly integrated metadata can be accessed using the full functionality of the OPAC. Metadata