cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A time-localized response of wave growth process under turbulent winds

Very short time series (with lengths of approx- imately 40 s or 5 7 wave periods) of wind velocity fluc- tuations and wave elevation were recorded simultaneously and investigated using the wavelet bispectral analysis. Rapid changes in the wave and wind spectra were detected, which were found to be intimately related to significant energy transfers through transient quadratic wind-wave and wave- wave interactions. A possible pattern of energy exchange between the wind and wave fields was further deduced. In particular, the generation and variation of the strong wave- induced perturbation velocity in the wind can be explained by the strengthening and diminishing of the associated quadratic interactions, which cannot be unveiled by linear theories. On small time scales, the wave-wave quadratic interactions were as active and effective in transferring energy as the wind- wave interactions. The results also showed that the wind tur- bulence was occasionally effective in transferring energy be- tween the wind and the wave fields, so that the background turbulence in the wind cannot be completely neglected. Al- though these effects are all possibly significant over short times, the time-localized growth of the wave spectrum may not considerably affect the long-term process of wave devel- opment.
(En)raged or (En)gaged: The Implications of Racial Context to the Canadian Provocation Defence

This article examines the Canadian provocation defense and argues that the defense should be expanded to include consideration of racial contextualization. The provocation defense is a mitigating, not exculpatory, defense in Canadian criminal law and may reduce a charge of murder to manslaughter. Chief Justice Dickson stated that the defense “acknowledge[s] that all human beings are subject to uncontrollable outbursts of passion and anger which may lead them to do violent acts.” In order to be provoked, one must be the victim of a wrongful act or insult that is “sufficient to deprive an ordinary person of the power of self-control.”Currently, Canadian law has narrowly interpreted provocation to consist of a “single” or “immediate” provoking event. In the case of the Regina v. Smithers, Smithers - a black teenage boy - was subjected to racially provocative behavior and degrading language by a white teenage boy named Cobby during a hockey game. In a fight after the game, Smithers delivered a blow that resulted in Cobby’s death. Smithers was denied the provocation defense because of the temporal distance between the incidents of racial abuse and the assault. However, there is no reason why the idea of provocation should be so confined. Such an approach ignores the corrosive and continuing psychological effects of societal racism.Furthermore, Canada’s Supreme Court’s interpretation of other criminal law defenses has made it possible for a provocation defense to consider racism and racial contextualization. The law of self-defense has tended to infuse the reasonable person with characteristics of the accused and has recognized the plight of women in situations of domestic violence. Similar strides could be made in racial contextualization in allowing expert testimony to elucidate the reality of racism. This article argues that contextualization of the provocation defense is the next logical step of the provocation defense, if any relevant racial context is to be appreciated.
The Role of Ultrasound in Sports Medicine

The use of ultrasound in musculoskeletal imaging and, in particular, sports medicine has dramatically increased with the technical advances of the last 20 years. These improvements allow detailed evaluation of the structures of the musculoskeletal system including tendons, ligaments, muscles, nerves, joints, cartilage, and bursae. In addition to its wide availability, portability, and lower cost, the greatest advantages of ultrasound, particularly in the musculoskeletal system, are the ability to perform dynamic imaging as well as the opportunity to interact with the patient and correlate symptoms with sonographic findings. The real-time nature of ultrasound provides a unique evaluation of structures in their dynamic state, thereby identifying pathology that may be demonstrated only when the patient performs certain motions.
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF L-M MOUSE CELLS AND VARIANTS.

SummaryTwo types of population selection pressure viz., simplification of the nutritional environment and ability to survive and grow in vivo, were seen as effecting the distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity in L-M strain mouse fibroblasts and derived variants. L-M cells growing in medium 199 supplemented with peptone have moderate AP activity as determined quantitatively: histochemically, the population includes a number of cells with little or no activity as well as cells with moderate to high activity. A variant of these cells growing in a chemically defined medium has no measurable AP activity. Distinct differences were noted between these 2 lines when their in vivo growth capacity in inbred C3H mice was studied: in the line having moderate AP activity, there is a selection of the population resulting in nodules comprised of cells of high AP activity, with these nodules appearing within 7-10 days in a large percentage of the animals: In the line having no initial enzyme activity, there was no ...
The Whole Ball Game — Overcoming the Blind Spots in Health Care Reform

Health care spending threatens our fiscal solvency, but rather than accept that spending less will mean sometimes having less, we have embraced the pursuit of so-called high-value health care. Yet value depends on who is looking, where they look, and what they expect to see.
Expertise and Scale of Conflict: Governments as Advocates in American Indian Politics

How do American Indian tribal governments relate to nearby local governments? Do insights gleaned from these cases illuminate the constraints and opportunities that marginalized groups face within any system of federalism? What circumstances of marginalized governments help or hinder their effectiveness? Although some Native American tribes have transformed their fortunes with highly profitable casinos, most continue to face stark disadvantages. Some tribal governments, despite limited opportunities prevail locally by cultivating policy and political expertise. This analysis demonstrates that such expertise can be developed, even when resources are scarce.
Amorphization of PLZT Material by 1.5 MeV Krypton Ion Irradiation with In Situ TEM Observation

PLZT 9/65/35 single crystals were irradiated with 1.5 MeV krypton ions at 25–450°C in the HVEM-Tandem Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. In-situ TEM was performed during irradiation in order to determine the critical amorphization dose. At room temperature, the material was completely amorphized after a dose of only 1.9×10 14 ions/cm 2 , less than one fifth of the critical amorphization dose for silicon (1×10 15 ions/cm 2 ). The critical amorphization dose for the PLZT material increased with increasing irradiation temperature. At 450°C, amorphization was not observed after a dose of 1.1×10 15 ions/cm 2 .
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION BY HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF A NOVEL CLONED TACHYKININ PEPTIDE RECEPTOR

An orphan receptor resembling the neurokinin 3 tachykinin receptor (NK3), initially claimed to be an atypical opioid receptor, is shown herein to respond potently to the physiological NK3 receptor ligand, neurokinin B. This 'NK4' receptor did not give functional responses in Xenopus oocytes to opioid agonists. However, NK4 receptor activation was inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of dynorphin. The NK4 receptor is therefore a tachykinin receptor which is functionally antagonized by an endogenous opioid peptide.
Electric Energy Indication Error and Conformity Assessment Method of Electricity Meter with High Voltage Terminals

Electricity meter with high voltage terminals is a typical energy saving product,and its application is becoming more and more popular.This paper develops a set of detecting device according to the high voltage electric energy metering characteristic,analyzes the detecting principle and puts forward a standard electric energy quantitative method.With the method electric energy indication error of electricity meter with high voltage terminals is tested,and the uncertainty to carry on conformity assessment is analyzed,which ensures the accuracy of electric energy metering.The paper also provides reference for electric energy quantitative inspection verification of electricity meter with high voltage terminals.
Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography

The Development of Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography represents a major success in the development of diagnostic imaging. In the short time since its inception CE-MRA, has replaced the more invasive X-ray angiography as the front line-diagnostic imaging modality. The prevalence of vascular disease in developed countries and the aging of the population has made CE-MRA a multi-billion dollar market. We discuss many of the newer approaches to CE-MRA that are reducing the scan time to allow for higher resolution scans with improved ease of use and diagnostic accuracy.
Solvent- and catalyst-free mechanochemical synthesis of alkali metal monohydrides

Alkali metal monohydrides, AH (A = Li–Cs) have been synthesized in quantitative yields at room temperature by reactive milling of alkali metals in the presence of hydrogen gas at 200 bar or less. The mechanochemical approach reported here eliminates problems associated with the malleability of alkali metals — especially Li, Na, and K — and promotes effective solid–gas reactions, ensuring their completion. This is achieved by incorporating a certain volume fraction of the corresponding hydride powder as a process control agent, which allows continuous and efficient milling primarily by coating the surface of metal particles, effectively blocking cold welding. Formation of high-purity crystalline monohydrides has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and volumetric analyses of reactively desorbed H2 from as-milled samples. The proposed synthesis method is scalable and particularly effective for extremely air-sensitive materials, such as alkali and alkaline earth metal hydrides. The technique may also be favorable for production in continuous reactors operating at room temperature, thereby reducing the total processing time, energy consumption and, hence, the cost of production of these hydrides or their derivatives and composites.
Nuclear level densities of 64,66 Zn from neutron evaporation

Double differential cross sections of neutrons from $d\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}+{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{63,65}$Cu reactions have been measured at deuteron energies of 6 and 7.5 MeV. The cross sections measured at backward angles have been compared to theoretical calculations in the framework of the statistical Hauser-Feshbach model. Three different level density models were tested: the Fermi-gas model, the Gilbert-Cameron model, and the microscopic approach through the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method (HFBM). The calculations using the Gilbert-Cameron model are in best agreement with our experimental data. Level densities of the residual nuclei ${}^{64}$Zn and ${}^{66}$Zn have been obtained from statistical neutron evaporation spectra. The angle-integrated cross sections have been analyzed with the exciton model of nuclear reaction.
Building a parsimonious model for identifying best answers using interaction history in community Q&A

Evaluating answer quality or identifying/predicting which answer would be selected as the best for a given question is an important problem in community-based Q&A services. In this article we introduce new interaction-based features depicting the amount of distinct interactions between an asker and answerer over time, in order to predict whether an answer will be selected as Best Answer or not within Yahoo! Answers. Through a series of experiments ran on a data set of 23,218 question-answer pairs, we determined that after the data was first run using a model trained on textual features, and then the failed cases re-run with a model trained on interaction features, we were able to significantly improve the performance of the original model in identifying these difficult cases. In addition, when compared to models using often five to seven times the amount of features and requiring a large amount of computational effort, our model performed at to above the same evaluative measures. This suggests that future classification models can be made more parsimonious and handle larger datasets using less computational effort by developing a two-step classifier that includes interaction history as a feature.
Platforms and Performances

The 1990s were, in many ways, a heady time for poetry in Britain. An increasing and increasingly diverse number of poets were writing and publishing poems as the century drew to a close, more frequently than ever within the context of newly established creative writing programs and workshops. Concomitantly, more and more poets took up teaching positions at colleges and universities, and poetry as a craft and product became wound more tightly into the institutions of higher education. Poetry prizes proliferated, with major awards like the Forward Prizes (established in 1991) and the T.S. Eliot Prize (inaugurated in 1993) coming with significant cash rewards and even, for a while, televised award ceremonies. A number of programs were launched to increase poetry's public profile, including Poetry on the Underground (1986), National Poetry Day (1994), and Poetry on the Buses (1998). Major individual honors also helped keep poetry in the news: Hughes's assumption of the Laureateship in 1984 (after Larkin declined the post), Walcott's 1992 Nobel Prize, and Heaney's 1995 Nobel. These achievements cemented trends indicative of postwar British poetry more broadly, with the two Nobels saying nearly as much about the advance of Caribbean and Northern Irish poetry and the reorientation of British poetry in the previous several decades as they did about the achievements of each poet individually. Additionally, there were concerted efforts to sort and canonize the torrent of poetic activity, with a cache of anthologies sizing up the field and promoting its various encampments. This followed a familiar pattern of action and reaction, one that we've seen in previous chapters: Conquest's New Lines spawned Alvarez's The New Poetry , and Motion and Morrison's The Penguin Book of Contemporary British Poetry irked into existence several anthologies eager to combat its limited scope. As the decade drew to a close, anthologies assumed the added burden of summarizing an entire half century's or century's worth of poetry. In The Penguin Book of Poetry from Britain and Ireland since 1945 (1998), Simon Armitage and Robert Crawford presented a fairly conservative version of a still-evolving and highly debated canon that carried the additional prestige of historical sweep – each phrase in the volume's title asserts a different mode of authority.
New density estimates derived using accelerometers on board the CHAMP and GRACE satellites

Atmospheric mass density estimates derived from accelerometers onboard satellites such as CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are crucial in gaining insight into open science questions about the dynamic coupling between space weather events and the upper atmosphere. Recent advances in physics-based satellite drag coefficient modeling allow derivation of new density data sets. This paper uses physics-based satellite drag coefficient models for CHAMP and GRACE to derive new estimates for the neutral atmospheric density. Results show an average difference of 14–18% for CHAMP and 10–24% for GRACE between the new and existing data sets depending on the space weather conditions (i.e., solar and geomagnetic activity levels). The newly derived densities are also compared with existing models, and results are presented. These densities are expected to be useful to the wider scientific community for validating the development of physics-based models and helping to answer open scientific questions regarding our understanding of upper atmosphere dynamics such as the sensitivity of temporal and global density variations to solar and geomagnetic forcing.
St. Augustinegrass root growth response following plant growth retardant application

St. Augustinegrass [(Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntz.] is the preferred warm season turfgrass for Florida’s commercial and residential landscapes with an estimated 0.7 million hectares under growth and management. Previous plant growth retardant (PGR) research has demonstrated excellent responses in fine warm season turfgrasses such as bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiruroides (Munro) Hack]. However, limited information is available regarding St. Augustinegrass response to currently labeled or potentially registered PGRs. This two-year study was designed to evaluate St. Augustinegrass root length density (RLD) following PGR application. Treatments included flurprimidol and paclobutrazol at 1.1 kg ha-1, trinexapac-ethyl and mefluidide at 0.28 kg ha-1, and imazapic (formerly AC 263,222) at 0.028 kg ha-1. Root growth was traced at two, four, and six weeks following PGR application on acetate paper attached to the front surface of 15.0 x 50.0 cm clear Plexiglas tubes placed on greenhouse benches at 20° to the vertical. Newman’s random line intersect technique, at an accurate viewing depth of 0.2 cm, was used to quantify RLD. With the exception of imazapic, all PGRs provided RLD values equal to the untreated turfgrass at each of the three biweekly tracing periods during both years. Imazapic inhibited root growth ≈68% for four weeks. However, RLD values for imazapic exceeded the untreated turfgrass at least 50% by week six during both years. Although not significant, paclobutrazol and flurprimidol provided ≈ 11 % and ≈20% higher RLD values at week four in 1994 and 1995, respectively, while trinexapacethyl provided 9% and 43% higher RLD values in 1995 at weeks four and six, respectively. Mefluidide RLD values were similar to the untreated control for the entire rating period of both years.
Conceding Composition: A Crooked History of Composition’s Institutional Fortunes, Ryan Skinnell: Logan: Utah State University Press, 2016. 208 pages. $26.95 paperback.

Recent historical scholarship in composition has sought balance between disciplinary histories that obscure institutions and local histories that obscure the discipline. Enter Ryan Skinnell’s monog...
Inscribing Convex Polygons in Star-Shaped Objects

This study develops a new algorithm which automatically inscribes a convex polygon in a star shaped object \(\breve{O}\). Starting at \(\breve{O}\)’s mass center, our active contour (E-AC) expands until it encounters the boundary of \(\breve{O}\) (\(\partial \breve{O}\)). As a result it constructs a star-shaped polygon on \(\partial \breve{O}\). We measure the Euclidean distance from \(\partial \breve{O}\)’s mass center to each vertex of the star-shaped polygon defined by E-AC. The distances form a distance function, whose local minima construct star-shaped polygon inscribed in \(\partial \breve{O}\). Its consecutive convex triplets of vertices define a unique pair of convex polygons inscribed in \(\partial \breve{O}\). The Convex Core (CC) of \(\breve{O}\) is defined to be the polygon with the largest area (perimeter if the areas are equal). The CC is unique and invariant to rotation, translation and scaling. Experiments validate the new algorithm. The paper ends listing our contributions and comparing them with contemporary papers.
Abstract 4490: Post-transcriptional regulation on PIAS3 expression in malignant mesothelioma

Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3) was originally identified as an endogenous suppressor of STAT3 activity which can specifically interact with activated STAT3 and block its downstream oncogenic effects. Previous studies from our lab have shown that low PIAS3 protein expression in mesothelioma tumors was associated with poor patient survival. Furthermore, low PIAS3 expression in mesothelioma cell lines correlated with higher STAT3 activity. Over-expression of PIAS3 decreased STAT3 activity and cell growth. These findings suggest that low PIAS3 expression may play an important role in mesothelioma tumorigenesis, thus understanding the regulatory mechanism(s) of PIAS3 expression may provide new therapeutic strategies in mesothelioma treatment. Initially, we examined PIAS3 expression by western blotting and RT-qPCR among six mesothelioma cell lines (H28, 211H, H2052, H2452, HAY, YOU) and found that while PIAS3 mRNA levels were relatively constant, PIAS3 protein expression was highly variable. This finding indicated a potential post-transcriptional regulation of PIAS3 expression in mesothelioma. To investigate this further, we first examined PIAS3 protein stability in the presence of proteasome inhibitors and cycloheximide (CHX). We observed no increase in PIAS3 protein levels during proteasome inhibition using either MG132 (10 μM) or bortezemib (1 μM) for up to 8 h in 211H, H2052 and H2452 cells, whereas TP53 protein expression was increased. Blocking translational protein synthesis with 50 or 100 μg/ml CHX for up to 24 h also produced little change in PIAS3 protein expression in mesothelioma cells, indicating that PIAS3 is a very stable protein. We next explored the PIAS3 3’UTR as a potential site for translational regulation. We initially utilized a miR microarray and computational analysis, followed by a PIAS3 3’UTR luciferase reporter assay, to screen miRNAs that are both increased in cells with low PIAS3 and have seed sequences targeting the PIAS3 3’UTR and identified miR-18a as our first candidate. Taken together, our study suggests that variable expression of PIAS3 protein in mesothelioma is regulated by translational control and not by protein stability. Citation Format: Tian He, Karen McColl, Nneha Sakre, Gary Wildey, Afshin Dowlati. Post-transcriptional regulation on PIAS3 expression in malignant mesothelioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4490
Non‐invasive diagnosis and treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury: an update

Purpose of review Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in U.S. Since the last decade, there have been several advances in the understanding and management of TBI that have shown the potential to improve outcomes. The aim of this review is to provide a useful overview of these potential diagnostic and treatment strategies that have yet to be proven, along with an assessment of their impact on outcomes after a TBI. Recent findings Recent technical advances in the management of a TBI are grounded in a better understanding of the pathophysiology of primary and secondary insult to the brain after a TBI. Hence, clinical trials on humans should proceed in order to evaluate their efficacy and safety. Summary Mortality associated with TBI remains high. Nonetheless, new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have the potential to enhance early detection and prevention of secondary brain insult.
Molecular engineering with artificial atoms: designing a material platform for scalable quantum spintronics and photonics

Self-assembled InAs Quantum Dots (QDs) are often called “artificial atoms" and have long been of interest as components of quantum photonic and spintronic devices. Although there has been substantial progress in demonstrating optical control of both single spins confined to a single QD and entanglement between two separated QDs, the path toward scalable quantum photonic devices based on spins remains challenging. Quantum Dot Molecules, which consist of two closely-spaced InAs QDs, have unique properties that can be engineered with the solid state analog of molecular engineering in which the composition, size, and location of both the QDs and the intervening barrier are controlled during growth. Moreover, applied electric, magnetic, and optical fields can be used to modulate, in situ, both the spin and optical properties of the molecular states. We describe how the unique photonic properties of engineered Quantum Dot Molecules can be leveraged to overcome long-standing challenges to the creation of scalable quantum devices that manipulate single spins via photonics.
Towards a high quality high school workforce: A longitudinal, demographic analysis of U.S. public school physics teachers

Analysis of a large data set indicates that while the trends are positive, the U.S. still falls short of having a highly qualified teacher in every high school physics classroom.
Diverse bimetallic mechanisms emerging from transition metal Lewis acid/base pairs: development of co-catalysis with metal carbenes and metal carbonyl anions

The rational development of catalytic reactions involving cooperative behavior between two catalytic reactive sites represents a frontier area of research from which novel reactivity and selectivity patterns emerge. Within this context, this Feature highlights the development of a cooperative system involving transition metal Lewis acid/base pairs. Bimetallic systems consisting of copper carbene Lewis acids and metal carbonyl anion Lewis bases, (NHC)Cu–[MCO], are easily synthesized from readily available organometallic building blocks (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; [MCO]− = metal carbonyl anion, e.g. [FeCp(CO)2]−, [Mn(CO)5]−, etc.). Stoichiometric reactivity studies indicate that the dative Cu←M bonds in these systems are labile towards heterolysis under mild conditions, thus providing in situ access both to polar metal–metal bonds and to “frustrated” transition metal Lewis acid/base pairs as dictated by reaction conditions. Catalytic transformations ranging from C–C and C–B coupling reactions to hydrogenation and other reductions have been developed from both manifolds: bimetallic catalysis involving (a) binuclear intermediates engaging in cooperative bond activation and formation, and (b) orthogonal mononuclear intermediates that operate in either tandem or co-dependent manners. Preliminary indications point to the future emergence of novel reactivity and selectivity patterns as these new motifs undergo continued development, and additionally demonstrate that the relative matching of two reactive sites provides a method for controlling catalytic behavior. Collectively, these results highlight the fundamental importance of exploring unconventional catalytic paradigms.
Biomimetic Engineering Analysis of Heliotropic Plants

Biomimetics is the field of study that identifies potential useful biological processes and mechanisms in nature and translates these principles into the engineering domain. Utilizing natures abilities has proven to be a powerful and useful mechanism for innovation, and has led to profound technical advancements and capabilities in applied science disciplines and fields. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a Biomimicry analysis of the plants ability to maintain optimal sunlight in order to maximize the photosynthesis process. The main components and factors that enable heliotropism are discussed as well as the governing physics describing the processes needed in order for this phenomenon to occur in nature. The reader should emerge from this paper with an understanding of how plants are induced by sunlight as well as the long-term possibility of replicating this phenomenon for human purposes.
Time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) focusing for deep-tissue optogenetic modulation

The problem of optical scattering was long thought to fundamentally limit the depth at which light could be focused through turbid media such as fog or biological tissue. However, recent work in the field of wavefront shaping has demonstrated that by properly shaping the input light field, light can be noninvasively focused to desired locations deep inside scattering media. This has led to the development of several new techniques which have the potential to enhance the capabilities of existing optical tools in biomedicine. Unfortunately, extending these methods to living tissue has a number of challenges related to the requirements for noninvasive guidestar operation, speed, and focusing fidelity. Of existing wavefront shaping methods, time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) focusing is well suited for applications in living tissue since it uses ultrasound as a guidestar which enables noninvasive operation and provides compatibility with optical phase conjugation for high-speed operation. In this paper, we will discuss the results of our recent work to apply TRUE focusing for optogenetic modulation, which enables enhanced optogenetic stimulation deep in tissue with a 4-fold spatial resolution improvement in 800-micron thick acute brain slices compared to conventional focusing, and summarize future directions to further extend the impact of wavefront shaping technologies in biomedicine.
Anatomy and significance of the subarachnoid space in the fallopian canal.

Objective: To describe the anatomic variations of the subarachnoid space (SAS) in the facial nerve canal from human temporal bone specimens. Background: The SAS in the facial canal usually is assumed to terminate in the petrosal segment of the canal. This temporal bone study indicates that in 12% of temporal bones the SAS extends laterally into or beyond the tympanic segment of the facial canal. Methods: Histologic sections through the petrosal and tympanic segments of the facial canal were examined by light microscopy in 1 fetal (30 weeks) and 163 adult human temporal bones. The arachnoidal membrane of the SAS was judged to fall into three types according to its lateral extension in the fallopian canal. Results: One hundred forty-four (88%) of the adult temporal bones contained an SAS limited to the petrosal fallopian canal (type I). Thirteen temporal bones (8%) demonstrated an SAS that extended into the tympanic or geniculate portions of the facial nerve (type II). There were six temporal bones (4%) in which the SAS extended lateral to the tympanic facial nerve or into a separate bony compartment (type III). Conclusions: Most (88%) temporal bones contain an SAS that is limited to the petrosal fallopian canal. In 12% of temporal bones, however, the SAS may extend laterally in the fallopian canal and present clinically as an asymptomatic enlargement of the canal by computed tomography or as cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.
Thermal Equilibrium Between Radiation and Matter

In 1916, Einstein rederived the blackbody radiation law of Planck that originated the idea of quantized energy one hundred years ago. For this purpose, Einstein introduced the concept of transition probability, which had a profound influence on the development of quantum theory. In this article, we adopt Einstein's assumptions with two exceptions and seek the statistical condition for the thermal equilibrium of matter without referring to the inner details of either statistical thermodynamics or quantum theory. It is shown that the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium of electromagnetic radiation and the energy balance of thermal radiation by the matter, between any of its two energy-states, not only result in Planck's radiation law and the Bohr frequency condition, but they remarkably yield the law of the statistical thermal equilibrium of matter: the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. Since the transition probabilities of the modern quantum theory of radiation coincide with their definition in Einstein's theory of blackbody radiation, the presented deduction of the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution is equally valid within the bounds of modern quantum theory. Consequently, within the framework of the fundamental assumptions, the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of energy-states is not only a sufficient, but a necessary condition for thermal equilibrium between the matter and radiation.
Texture Characterization of High-Temperature Superconductor Wires

Texture measurements have been made for BSCCO tapes produced by dip coating and by powder-in-tube techniques. The texture of the Bi2212 grains was characterized for both c axis texture using (001) pole figures from 008 reflections and a–b axis texture using (115) pole figures. The critical current densities of these tapes were also measured and correlated with texture parameters obtained from contours of the pole figures. For the tapes with good current transport, the arrangement of grains in a crystallographic sense was inferred from the pole figures and was found to be consistent with a model based on global alignment of the c axes and the presence of colonies of grains differing mostly in c axis twist.
Exploring Drug Design Methods with Thymidylate Synthase

Thymidylate synthase provides an essential function for the life of cells [8]. It provides the sole de novo pathway for synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate dTMP, a DNA base. Thus all organisms have thymidylate synthases with the exception with 1 or 2 algal species that obtain thymidine solely by salvage pathways. Thus thymidylate synthase is a target for antiproliferative drug design [25] aimed at pathogenic organisms in which selectivity versus host strains is important and as an antiproliferative in cancer [1,15,19,20,23,26].
Cytogenetic Findings in Erythroleukemia

Cytogenetic Findings in Erythroleukemia by Heath et al. Page 453—Peter H. Wiernik’s name was misspelled.
Oxidative Stress and Movement Disorders

The article summarizes the impact of oxidative stress on the onset of movement disorders at the molecular level. Oxidative stress is inescapable component of mitochondrial respiration, since the latter represents a major source of superoxide production under normal conditions. The intrinsic antioxidant mechanisms include superoxide scavenging and repair of oxidized residues. The failure of these protective mechanisms to comply with acute or chronic oxidative stress results in deposition of misfolded protein aggregates which increase the oxidative load further, switching the apoptotic program on. The article focuses on oxidative damage details in prototypic neurodegenerative movement disorders, eg, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, with special emphasis on antioxidant properties of DJ-1 and the negative role of iron dependent dioxygenases rather than unbound iron itself.
A laboratory study on dense-medium cycloning

A laboratory study of dense-medium cycloning with Redstone seam coal has been conducted. The investigation was performed using a 203 mm (8 inch) Heyl-Patterson dense-medium cyclone. Two underflow orifices of 31.8 mm (1.25 inch) and 44.5 mm (1.75 inch) in diam were used. The effects of feed pressure and particle size were determined on the cycloning performance. In addition, the cyclone performances with coal-rich and refuse-rich samples were also investigated. The results of the experiments were analyzed using basic hydrodynamic principles. The increase in the feed pressure increases the specific gravity of separation (defined as the specific gravity of a particle which has an equal chance of reporting to either the overflow or underflow) for both underflow orifices. The specific gravity of separation increases as the particle size decreases with the smaller underflow orifice. However, an opposite relationship has been observed with the larger underflow orifice. The separation becomes sharper with the smaller underflow orifice than with the larger underflow orifice especially for fine material. Also, the separation becomes sharper with an increased feed pressure for a coal-rich sample. However, this effect is less significant for a refuse-rich sample. This means that a high feed pressure is required for a coal-rich sample to maintain a good separation. It also means that applying a high feed pressure provides a good separation regardless of the type of feed coal in terms of ash content in the solid.
Feasibility of Emergency Department-initiated, Mobile Health Blood Pressure Intervention: An Exploratory, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives We aimed to assess the feasibility of a text messaging intervention by determining the proportion of emergency department (ED) patients who responded to prompted home blood pressure (BP) self-monitoring and had persistent hypertension. We also explored the effect of the intervention on systolic blood pressure (sBP) over time. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of ED patients with expected discharge to home with elevated BP. Participants were identified by automated alerts from the electronic health record. Those who consented received a BP cuff to take home and enrolled in the 3-week screening phase. Text responders with persistent hypertension were randomized to control or weekly prompted BP self-monitoring and healthy behavior text messages. Results Among the 104 patients enrolled in the ED, 73 reported at least one home BP over the 3-week run-in (screening) period. A total of 55 of 73 reported a home BP of ≥140/90 and were randomized to SMS intervention (n = 28) or control (n = 27). The intervention group had significant sBP reduction over time with a mean drop of 9.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval = 1.1 to 17.6). Conclusions The identification of ED patients with persistent hypertension using home BP self-monitoring and text messaging was feasible. The intervention was associated with a decrease in sBP likely to be clinically meaningful. Future studies are needed to further refine this approach and determine its efficacy.
Earthquakes Come Home: French Punks Visit DC

This chapter discusses how punks from France became drawn to Washington, DC, through the mythology of its music scene and subcultural landscape. The MacKaye family home on Beecher Street in Glover Park and The Dischord House in Arlington become destinations for fans all over the world, including hardcore singers like Manu Casana and Philippe Roizes.
Efficacy of filter cake and Triplex powders from Ethiopia against three externally developing stored product insect species

Abstract Efficacy of filter cake and Triplex powders was evaluated against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); and Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Mortality of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis was determined 14 d after exposing 20 adults to 100 g of maize and wheat treated with 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg of filter cake and 0, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 g/kg of Triplex. Adult progeny production was determined at 42 d. Live larvae at 21 d and adults of P. interpunctella that emerged at 42 d were determined by exposing 100 eggs to 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg of filter cake and 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 g/kg of Triplex treated maize and wheat. On both grains, 100% mortality of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis adults was observed after exposure to 2–3 and 1–3 g/kg of filter cake, respectively. On wheat, 100% mortality only of O. surinamensis was observed in 2–3 g/kg Triplex treatment. Adult progeny production of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis was completely suppressed on both grains treated with 0.7–3 g/kg of filter cake. Adult progeny production of T. castaneum was completely suppressed at 1–3 g/kg of Triplex treated grains, whereas complete suppression of O. surinamensis was achieved only on maize treated with 2–3 g/kg of Triplex. Both live larvae at 21 d and adults of P. interpunctella that emerged at 42 d were completely suppressed when eggs were exposed to 2–3 and 0.5–3 g/kg filter cake treated maize and wheat, respectively, and on 6–8 and 3 g/kg Triplex treated maize and wheat, respectively. Filter cake was more efficacious compared to Triplex on both grains.
Whiteness and economic advantage in digital schooling: Diversity patterns and equity considerations for K-12 online charter schools

Scholars and policymakers have yet to hold a robust conversation about diversity in K-12 online schools. This study builds on research that suggests online charter schools enroll higher percentages of White and economically advantaged students compared to national K-12 school enrollment averages. While these findings remain consistent, the study presented here employs techniques used in school segregation and diversity research to develop a more nuanced understanding of online charter school enrollment patterns. While more White and wealthy students attend online charter schools compared to other types of schools nationally, there are differences across states. Understanding the nature of these differences helps consider possibilities for moving online charter school enrollments toward increased diversity. While diversity in traditional schools has benefits, this article concludes with cautions about how to achieve equity through diversity in online spaces and if these goals are attainable. If online charter schools achieve racial and economic diversity, their leaders need to apply critical lenses in developing online programming to ensure diverse enrollments lead to equity.
Prenatal Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Childhood Atopic Dermatitis.

Background Atopic dermatitis is a common childhood disease, potentially influenced by prenatal nutritional exposures such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Objective In a racially diverse cohort, we hypothesized that childhood atopic dermatitis would be associated with higher prenatal omega-6 (n-6) and lower omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. Methods We included mother-child dyads, births 2006 to 2011, enrolled in the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development in Early Childhood cohort. Primary exposures included second trimester plasma n-3 and n-6 PUFA status and the ratio of the two (n-6:n-3). We assessed child current atopic dermatitis symptoms in the previous 12 months at age approximately 4 to 6 years. We investigated the association between PUFA exposures and atopic dermatitis using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. We assessed for effect modification by maternal prenatal smoking, atopic disease history, and child sex. Results Among 1131 women, 67% were African American and 42% had an atopic disease history; 17% of children had atopic dermatitis. Higher prenatal n-6 PUFAs were associated with increased relative odds of child atopic dermatitis (adjusted odds ratio: 1.25; confidence interval: 1.01-1.54 per interquartile range difference), and interaction models demonstrated that this association was seen in dyads in which the women had a history of atopic disease. Neither prenatal n-3 PUFAs nor n-6:n-3 were associated with child atopic dermatitis. Conclusion In this racially diverse cohort, higher second trimester n-6 PUFAs were associated with atopic dermatitis in children of women with atopy. PUFAs may represent a modifiable risk factor for atopic dermatitis, particularly in individuals with a familial predisposition.
Chapter 7 – Reproductive Aging

The reproductive capacity of a woman varies greatly over her lifetime, peaking in her twenties, then diminishing over several years, and finally coming to an end at menopause. Over a million US women enter menopause each year. Because the average life span of humans has increased, especially in the past one hundred years, more women will live a larger proportion of their lives post-reproductively. Male fertility often continues through adult life, although it also diminishes with age. This chapter examines the aging of the reproductive system, comparing the two sexes in this regard. We discuss the patterns and consequences of endocrine changes at menopause and during reproductive aging in men, and look at the pros and cons of therapeutically replacing diminishing reproductive hormones in older adults.
Evaluation of Peruvian Government Interventions to Reduce Childhood Anemia.

Background: In Peru, anemia has been a persistent health problem that is known to lead to irreversible cognitive and developmental deficits in children. The Peruvian government has recently made anemia a primary health concern by passing legislation in 2017 that makes anemia an intersectoral priority. This new legislation fortifies previous programs while creating new programs that target specific age groups. Objectives: Evaluate the effectiveness of government programs in Madre de Dios, Peru to reduce anemia prevalence and increase hemoglobin levels among children ages 2–11 years old. Methods: Propensity scores are used to match 688 children enrolled in 2018, after the legislation, and 2,140 children enrolled in previous studies our team conducted in the region between 2014 and 2017, based on sex, age (years), intervention status (prior/post), community income, presence of a health post in the community (yes/no), community type (indigenous, non-indigenous rural, non-indigenous urban) and road access (fraction of the number of months out of the year with road access). A pseudo matched case-control analysis to evaluate changes in anemia prevalence and hemoglobin was conducted using t-tests and multivariate models. Program effectiveness is evaluated overall, by age groups (2–4, 5–7 and 8–11 years old), and community type (indigenous vs. urban). Findings: The adjusted odds ratio indicated lower odds of anemia (OR = 0.31, 95%CI 0.17–0.54) for children exposed to the anemia prevention programs vs. those not exposed. The effect was not significantly different across age groups; however, the intervention effects significantly differed by community type among children 8–11 years old, with urban children less likely to benefit from anemia interventions (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.38–1.25) compared to indigenous children (OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.56). Conclusion: Government programs to reduce anemia in Madre de Dios were found to be associated with reduced anemia prevalence in the study communities. However, the lack of program monitoring precludes the attribution of anemia decline to specific interventions or program components. In addition, regional anemia prevalence remains high according to the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey, suggesting impaired population impact. Program monitoring and evaluation is a key component of health interventions to improve program implementation effectiveness.
Daratumumab interference in flow cytometric anti-granulocyte antibody testing can be overcome using non-human blocking antibodies.

Background Daratumumab (DARA), a human IgG1K monoclonal antibody targeting CD38, is used to treat refractory multiple myeloma patients. CD38 is expressed on many cell types (RBCs, granulocytes, lymphocytes, etc.), and thus, DARA can interfere with serological tests. Information regarding how DARA affects anti-granulocyte antibody (AGA) testing and optimal neutralization of DARA will help laboratories perform accurate testing. Methods Screening of AGA was performed by the granulocyte agglutination test (GAT) and the flow cytometric granulocyte immunofluorescence test (Flow-GIFT). Samples were tested from patients on DARA (n = 7), non-transfused blood donors (healthy controls, n = 7) and AGA reactive samples (positive controls, n = 5). Two neutralization experiments, CD38 removal with DTT and DARA epitope blockage with mouse anti-CD38, were evaluated. Results Positive reactivity of human IgG binding was observed in 5/7 DARA cases when tested by Flow-GIFT; however, all 7 cases had negative GAT agglutination results. Further studies by Flow-GIFT revealed DARA concentrations >0·63 μg/ml bound to granulocytes. DARA binding was negated by DTT though a reduced Flow-GIFT sensitivity was observed in positive control samples due to increased background detection of human IgG. Mouse anti-CD38 neutralized the detection of human IgG observed in DARA-treated patient serum without effecting controls. Conclusion We established that DARA can interfere with AGA testing, leading to false positive Flow-GIFT results without causing GAT agglutination. DTT treatment increased background binding of secondary antibodies causing a decrease in Flow-GIFT sensitivity. In comparison, blockage of the DARA binding epitope using mouse anti-CD38 antibody was effective in neutralizing DARA interference while maintaining Flow-GIFT sensitivity.