cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geometric Models of Competency Development in Specialty Areas of Professional Psychology

Trainees aspiring to enter specialty areas of practice in professional psychology need to acquire both corecompetencies in professional psychology and focused and advanced level competences associated with theirarea of specialty practice. The Cube Model of competency development has served the field well in definingcompetencies in professional psychology. Building on the Cube Model, there is a need for additional modelsto illustrate the structure and process of acquiring competencies in specialty areas of professional psychology.We describe 2 new models of competency development, the Interlocking Rings Model and the PyramidModel, which account for the fluid and flexible approach to developing competencies in specialty areas atdifferent levels of training, as well as illustrate the various pathways to obtaining competence in a specialtyarea. These models may prove useful for professional organizations involved in specialty training and trainingprograms that offer training in specialty areas at various levels.Keywords: competencies, competency models, education and training, specialty training
Proactive Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks Based on Common Hopping Coordination

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to improve the spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to exploit the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. However, because unlicensed users are considered as temporary visitors to the licensed spectrum, they are required to vacate the spectrum when a licensed user reuses the current spectrum. Due to the randomness of the reappearance of licensed users, disruptions to both licensed and unlicensed communications are difficult to prevent, which leads to high spectrum switching overhead. In this work, a proactive spectrum handoff framework in a CR ad hoc network scenario is proposed. Based on channel usage statistics, proactive spectrum handoff criteria and policies are devised. CR users proactively predict the future spectrum availability status and perform spectrum switching before a licensed user reuses the spectrum. In addition, a channel coordination scheme is investigated and incorporated into the spectrum handoff protocol design. To eliminate collisions among CR users, a novel distributed channel selection scheme in a multi-user scenario is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed proactive spectrum handoff protocol outperforms the conventional sensing-based reactive spectrum handoff approach in terms of higher throughput and fewer collisions to licensed users. It is also shown that the proposed channel selection scheme outperforms the purely random channel selection scheme in terms of shorter average service time and higher packet delivery rate.
Plugging in: Utilizing information technology in health science education

Abstract Modern health care education requires effective testing of students, ability to efficiently conduct program evaluation, and availability of specialized technical personnel to foster increased utilization of technology. These activities are best accomplished through an integrated information technology (IT) plan. The transition from a paper-and-pencil system to a technology-driven system is a complex endeavor. However, this must be accomplished for an academic unit to provide needed services to students and faculty alike. A pilot project was developed and implemented to adapt existing technology for use in student testing, collection and analysis of student feedback and course evaluation data, creation of a department-specific "IT advisor," and assessment/promotion of additional facility development. The program was implemented and evaluated over a 12-month period. The overwhelming success of the program was reflected in financial, creative, and internal process improvements. These data generated substantial support for expanded and permanent program implementation within the health science division.
Nanosecond Electric Pulses: A Novel Stimulus for Triggering Ca2+ Influx into Chromaffin Cells Via Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels

Exposing bovine chromaffin cells to a single 5 ns, high-voltage (5 MV/m) electric pulse stimulates Ca(2+) entry into the cells via L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCC), resulting in the release of catecholamine. In this study, fluorescence imaging was used to monitor nanosecond pulse-induced effects on intracellular Ca(2+) level ([Ca(2+)](i)) to investigate the contribution of other types of VGCCs expressed in these cells in mediating Ca(2+) entry. ω-Conotoxin GVIA and ω-agatoxin IVA, antagonists of N-type and P/Q-type VGCCs, respectively, reduced the magnitude of the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) elicited by a 5 ns pulse. ω-conotoxin MVIIC, which blocks N- and P/Q-type VGCCs, had a similar effect. Blocking L-, N-, and P\Q-type channels simultaneously with a cocktail of VGCC inhibitors abolished the pulse-induced [Ca(2+)](i) response of the cells, suggesting Ca(2+) influx occurs only via VGCCs. Lowering extracellular K(+) concentration from 5 to 2 mM or pulsing cells in Na(+)-free medium suppressed the pulse-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) in the majority of cells. Thus, both membrane potential and Na(+) entry appear to play a role in the mechanism by which nanoelectropulses evoke Ca(2+) influx. However, activation of voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSC) is not involved since tetrodotoxin (TTX) failed to block the pulse-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i). These findings demonstrate that a single electric pulse of only 5 ns duration serves as a novel stimulus to open multiple types of VGCCs in chromaffin cells in a manner involving Na(+) transport across the plasma membrane. Whether Na(+) transport occurs via non-selective cation channels and/or through lipid nanopores remains to be determined.
Nitrogen source utilization by chlorate-resistant and chlorate-sensitive isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina

Chlorate-resistant and chlorate-sensitive isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina were examined in shake culture for their growth in a minimal medium with amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and inorganic nitrogenous compounds as the sole nitrogen source. Differences in growth were observed when isolates were grown on KNO 3 or KNO 2 as sole N sources. Chlorate-sensitive isolates grew better than chlorate-resistant isolates when supplied KNO 3 or KNO 2 . These data suggest that efficient chlorate reduction to chlorite in sensitive isolates may result in chlorite toxicity. Both chlorate-resistant and chlorate-sensitive isolates grew well when given arginine, asparagine, histidine and proline as sole sources of nitrogen. None of the tested compounds could serve as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Regional Brain Metabolite Markers in FALS Mice and the Effects of Dietary Creatine Supplementation

We investigated the effects of disease progression on brain regional neurochemistry in a mutant mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS; the G93A model) using in vivo and in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). There were numerous changes in the brain spectra that were brain region dependent. At early time points starting around 80 days of age there were increases in brain glutamate. At later time points there were more extensive changes including decreased N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate and increased glutamine, taurine and myo-inositol. The effects of the disease were most severe in spinal cord followed by medulla and then sensorimotor cortex. There were no changes noted in cerebellum as a control region. The effects of creatine supplementation in the diet (2%) were measured in wild-type and FALS animals in medulla, cerebellum and cortex. The increase in brain creatine was largest in cerebellum (25%) followed by medulla (11%) and then cortex (4%), reflecting the ordering of creatine kinase activity. There was a protective effect of creatine on N-acetyl aspartate loss in the medulla at late stages. Creatine supplementation had a positive effect on weight retention, leading to a 13% increase in weight between 120 and 130 days. MRS shows promise in monitoring multiple facets of neuroprotective strategies in ALS and ALS models.
Primary current and potential distributions for mercury micro-electrodes

Abstract Primary current and potential distribution and dimensionless primary resistances for spherical mercury drop electrodes, which take account of the effect of truncation of the mercury drop by the glass capillary, are determined using the electrostatic method of images. The tangent-sphere model closely approximates a representative DME, but not the HDE, which experiences significantly less shielding. The equipotentials undergo a gradual transition from a nearly spherical shape near the electrode surface to a shape approximated by a hemisphere capped by a cylinder at moderate distances from the drop.
Stock returns and inflation revisited: An evaluation of the inflation illusion hypothesis

Abstract Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the stock return–inflation relation. The Modigliani and Cohn’s inflation illusion hypothesis has received renewed attention. Another hypothesis is the two-regime hypothesis. We reexamine these hypotheses using long sample data of the US and international data. We find that the inflation illusion hypothesis can explain the post-war negative stock return–inflation relation, but it is not compatible with the pre-war positive relation. Using a structural VAR identification method, we show that there are two regimes with positive and negative stock return–inflation relations not only in each period of the US but also in every developed country we consider. This seems inconsistent with the inflation illusion hypothesis that predicts only a negative relation.
Ion binding to a membrane with surface charge layers

Abstract A model for the potential distribution across a charged biological membrane proposed previously by us [Biophys. J., 47 (1985) 673] is extended to a case which includes the effects of binding of monovalent cations. We assume that the membrane has a surface charge layer of thickness d which is permeable to electrolyte ions and in which the membrane-fixed charged groups are distributed at a uniform density N. We also assume that each charged group can bind one monovalent cation with an equilibrium constant K. In the limit of d → 0, keeping the product Nd constant, our model gives the most commonly used model in which ion binding is considered to occur only at the membrane surface (of zero thickness). It is shown that the amount of bound cations as well as the potential distribution are found to depend strongly on d. For example, in 0.1 M 1-1 electrolyte with K = 0.8 M−1, the reduction in magnitude of the surface potential at the outer surface of the surface charge layer of 10 A thickness is about 40 ∼ 60% of that for the membrane having the surface charge layer of zero thickness, and the deviation of the amount of bound cations for the membrane of d = 10 A from that predicted for d = 0 is 30–40%, indicating that the conventional model assuming d = 0 leads to a serious overestimation of the surface potential as well as the amount of bound cations onto the membrane.
Game after: a cultural study of video game afterlife

The word museum today carries a strong whiff of cultural legitimacy, but historians know that nineteenth-century museums were commercial leisure as much as consecrated high culture. A dime museum i...
Post-storm beach and dune recovery: Implications for barrier island resilience

Abstract The ability of beaches and dunes to recover following an extreme storm is a primary control of barrier island response to sea-level rise and changes in the frequency and/or magnitude of storm surges. Whereas erosion of the beach and dune occurs over hours and days, it can be years to decades before the beach and dune are able to recover to their pre-storm state. As a consequence, there are numerous descriptions of near-instantaneous beach and dune erosion due to storms, the immediate onshore transport of sand, and the initial phases of beach and dune recovery following a storm, but a paucity of data on long-term beach and dune recovery. A combination of previously published data from Galveston Island, Texas and new remotely sensed data from Santa Rosa Island, Florida is used in the present study to quantify the rate of dune recovery for dissipative and intermediate beach types, respectively. Recovery of the dune height and volume on Galveston Island was observed within two years following Hurricane Alicia (1983) and was largely complete within six years of the storm, despite extensive washover. In contrast, the dunes on Santa Rosa Island in Northwest Florida began to recover four years after Hurricane Ivan (2004), and only after the profile approached its pre-storm level and the rate of vegetation recovery (regrowth) was at a maximum. Results show that complete recovery of the largest dunes (in height and volume) will take approximately 10 years on Santa Rosa Island, which suggests that these sections of the island are particularly vulnerable to significant change in island morphology if there is also a change in the frequency and magnitude of storm events. In contrast, the areas of the island with the smallest dunes before Hurricane Ivan exhibited a rapid recovery, but no further growth in profile volume and dune height beyond the pre-storm volume and height, despite continued recovery of the largest dunes to their pre-storm height. A change in storm magnitude and/or frequency is a potential threat to barrier island resilience, particularly for those sections of the island where dune recovery has historically taken the longest time. Further study is required to determine how and why dune recovery varies for the dissipative and intermediate beaches of Galveston Island and Santa Rosa Island, respectively.
A Dynamic Bus‐Arrival Time Prediction Model Based on APC Data

Automatic passenger counter (APC) systems have been implemented in various public transit systems to obtain bus occupancy along with other information such as location, travel time, etc. Such information has great potential as input data for a variety of applications including performance evaluation, operations manage- ment, and service planning. In this study, a dynamic model for predicting bus-arrival times is developed using data collected by a real-world APC system. The model consists of two major elements: the first one is an artificial neural network model for predicting bus travel time between time points for a trip occurring at given time-of-day, day-of- week, and weather condition; the second one is a Kalman filter-based dynamic algorithm to adjust the arrival-time prediction using up-to-the-minute bus location informa- tion. Test runs show that this model is quite powerful in modeling variations in bus-arrival times along the service route.
Newly defined landmarks for a three-dimensionally based cephalometric analysis: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography scan review.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify two novel three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric landmarks and create a novel three-dimensionally based anteroposterior skeletal measurement that can be compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurements in patients with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: Full head cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 100 patients with all first molars in occlusion were obtained from a private practice. InvivoDental 3D (version 5.1.6, Anatomage, San Jose, Calif) was used to analyze the CBCT scans in the sagittal and axial planes to create new landmarks and a linear 3D analysis (M measurement) based on maxillary and mandibular centroids. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean M measurement to traditional 2D cephalometric measurements, ANB and APDI. Interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability were evaluated using 2D and 3D scatterplots. Results: The M measurement, ANB, and APDI could statistically differentiate betwee...
Operant Conditioning of Heart Rate: Somatic Correlates

The relationships between heart rate (HR) and several parameters of somatic activity were evaluated in human subjects when shuck avoidance was made contingent on either increases or decreases in HR. In order to depict any influence of the contingency specific 10 HR, somatic activity was controlled to varying degrees by instructions and the use of non-contingent control groups. When increases in HR were reinforced, the contingency we found to influence somatic activity but an effect specific to HR was also observed. When decreases in HR were reinforced, there was no evidence that HR were influenced independently of somatic activity. The result are discussed with respect to several current issues.
Observations on the nature of pulse-labeled RNA's from photosynthetically or heterotrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from both photosynthetically and heterotrophically grown cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum pulse-labeled with [ 3 H]uracil and its properties were examined. Competition experiments in hybridization did not show any differences in base composition of the two RNA's. It is concluded that, if a specific light mRNA is required to mediate photopigment synthesis, it is present in undectectable amounts. The results suggest that, in the bacterial photosynthetic system, control of protein synthesis is effected at the translational, rather than transcriptional, level.
REVEALING THE INVISIBLE: GREGORY OF NYSSA ON THE GIFT OF REVELATION

In this essay, Gregory of Nyssa is used as a foil against both John Milbank and Jean-Luc Marion in order to take a fresh approach to the debate on the “gift” and the theological ramifications for the structure of giving. There is a complexity to Gregory's thought on gift which has not been adequately captured by either contemporary thinkers. With an understanding of giving which both enables and nullifies human generosity and calculation, and a construal of revelation as God's gift to creation by which one both receives and simultaneously endlessly seeks out a vision of the invisible, Gregory holds together in creative tension the very aspects which mark the difference between Milbank and Marion: economy and gratuitousness, participation and passive receptivity.
Stimulus control and the effects of d-amphetamine in the rat.

External discriminative stimuli can modify the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine. Previous work with the pigeon has demonstrated that some aspects of performance on the fixed consecutive number schedule are changed less if a discriminative stimulus indicates when reinforcement is available. This effect has now been replicated with the rat using both simple and multiple schedules. Moderate doses of d-amphetamine (0.56–1.0 mg/kg) usually produced large decreases in reinforced runs when no external cue indicated the possibility of reinforcement. Adding discriminative stimuli when the number requirement was met decreased the drug effect. As was true in the pigeon, response rate measures did not differ between the two stimulus control conditions. Thus, external stimulus control diminishes the drug effect in both species, despite the fact that key pecking was studied in the pigeon and lever pressing in the rat. Evidence was also seen of a possible increase in discriminative stimulus control by d-amphetamine.
Climate change: High risk of permafrost thaw.

In the Arctic, temperatures are rising fast, and permafrost is thawing. Carbon released to the atmosphere from permafrost soils could accelerate climate change, but the likely magnitude of this effect is still highly uncertain. A collective estimate made by a group of permafrost experts, including myself, is that carbon could be released more quickly than models currently suggest, and at levels that are cause for serious concern. While our models of carbon emission from permafrost thaw are lacking, experts intimately familiar with these landscapes and processes have accumulated knowledge about what they expect to happen, based on both quantitative data and qualitative understanding of these systems. We (the authors of this piece) attempted to quantify this expertise through a survey developed over several years, starting in 2009. Our survey asked experts what percentage of surface permafrost they thought was likely to thaw, how much carbon would be released, and how much of that would be methane, for three time periods and under four warming scenarios that are part of the new IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.
Interaction of CPR5 with Cell Cycle Regulators UVI4 and OSD1 in Arabidopsis

The impact of cell cycle on plant immunity was indicated by the enhancement of disease resistance with overexpressing OSD1 and UVI4 genes that are negative regulators of cell cycle controller APC (anaphase promoting complex). CPR5 is another gene that is implicated in cell cycle regulation and plant immunity, but its mode of action is not known. Here we report the analysis of genetic requirement for the function of UVI4 and OSD1 in cell cycle progression control and in particular the involvement of CPR5 in this regulation. We show that the APC activator CCS52A1 partially mediates the function of OSD1 and UVI4 in female gametophyte development. We found that the cpr5 mutation suppresses the endoreduplication defect in the uvi4 single mutant and partially rescued the gametophyte development defect in the osd1 uvi4 double mutant while the uvi4 mutation enhances the cpr5 defects in trichome branching and plant disease resistance. In addition, cyclin B1 genes CYCB1;1, CYCB1;2, and CYCB1;4 are upregulated in cpr5. Therefore, CPR5 has a large role in cell cycle regulation and this role has a complex interaction with that of UVI4 and OSD1. This study further indicates an intrinsic link between plant defense responses and cell cycle progression.
Interactive Effect of Surface Tension and Viscosity on Displacement of Airway Mucus Inside a Rigid Model Adult Trachea During Cough

Altered surface and viscoelastic properties of mucus during respiratory diseases have a strong influence on its clearance by cilia and cough. Combined effect of the surface tension and viscosity with relatively unchanged storage modulus of simulated airway mucus (simulant) considered as the capillary number on displacement of 0.3mL simulant aliquot during simulated cough through a model adult human trachea at relatively low cough velocity (15±0.5m/s) of 0.3s duration was investigated. Displacement of simulant aliquots decreased significantly with capillary number (p<0.0001). The interactive effects of viscosity and surface properties may give insight into understanding mucus displacement at low cough velocities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Design charrettes as pedagogical method in a multimedia design course

Communication design students working in new media or digital media fields require training in the design process to create powerful and professional projects. However, even though collaborative design work is common in media industries, many graduate courses are not structured to allow collaborative work in the classroom. In this paper, I present design charrettes as a pedagogical method that stimulates and supports collaborative student design work. Design charrettes are intense periods of design activity most commonly associated with architectural and environmental studies. I have adapted design charrettes in order to achieve particular learning outcomes in multimedia design courses. This paper is a theoretical reflection on using charrettes to teach the design process. The pedagogy behind my use of charrettes is informed by socio-cognitive learning theories. In my multimedia design courses, graduate students participate in charrette activities to experience the design process, to collaborate in project-based design activities, to seek a range of solutions to design problems, and to gain mastery of design research techniques.
Adiabaticity in the hamiltonian functional integral

Abstract We describe an alternative view of the adiabatic theorem suggested by the Hamiltonian functional integral. The adiabatic limit is achieved by phase cancellations in the transitions between the states of the system and is not due to the measure of the functional integral having support only on the trivial path. We illustrate this using a general 2 × 2 time-dependent Hamiltonian and also describe Berry′s phase in this formalism.
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS WITH A SOIL FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR TREATING STORMWATER

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the use of a soil filtration system constructed to provide additional treatment of urban stormwater following sedimentation. The system was constructed with a Clean Lakes Grant to remove solids and phosphorus from urban stormwater. The system showed severe operational problems following initial construction. During 1985, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) staff determined that proper system operation required corrective measures. A low cost renovation of the system was undertaken during the spring of 1986. Following filter renovation, a monitoring program studied filter efficiency in removing phosphorus and particulate matter. The renovated system operated well the first month, but following a week-long shutdown of the system, aerial hydraulic loading rate and filter efficiency decreased substantially. After three months of operation it was apparent that the renovation was only temporary because of an improper type of peat used in the system. Peat sand filters have bee...
Vitamin e kinetics and the function of tocopherol regulatory proteins

Plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations are remarkably stable, which suggests that they are regulated. alpha-Tocopherol transfer protein, tocopherol-associated protein, and tocopherol-binding protein bind alpha-tocopherol. These proteins might function as tocopherol regulatory proteins, although only tocopherol transfer protein has been shown to influence plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations likely depend on tocopherol regulatory protein function and tissue lipid content, vitamin E uptake and efflux, oxidative stress, and interactions between vitamin E and other antioxidants. Pharmacokinetic models often divide tissues into rapidly perfused, slowly perfused, and very slowly perfused compartments. Tissue vitamin E concentrations might equilibrate more rapidly in tissues with greater perfusion, greater vitamin E uptake, increased amounts or activities of tocopherol regulatory protein, and lower lipid contents. The rate at which tissue concentrations approach equilibrium, however, does not predict the final equilibrium concentrations because of redistribution among tissues. Redistribution of vitamin E to adipose tissue from other tissues may be significant. Intracellular trafficking of vitamin E might occur in conjunction with membrane recycling because membrane constituents rapidly recycle between the plasma membrane and intracellular endocytic compartments. Thus, tocopherol regulatory proteins may modulate rather than directly regulate vitamin E tissue distribution and intracellular trafficking.
A compressed sensing measurement matrix for atomic force microscopy

This work develops a novel sensing matrix for the application of compressed sensing (CS) to image acquisition in atomic force microscopy (AFM), with the goal of improving the temporal resolution of the instrument by reducing the amount of data that needs to be acquired to create a high-quality image. In traditional CS, each measurement is, by design, a linear combination of the elements of the signal under study. In AFM however, the physics of the sensing process require that each measurement contains information about only a single point. The measurement matrix introduced here takes this into account and allows the user to balance image acquisition time against image quality. The proposed method is demonstrated through simulation. These simulations show faithful recovery with a reduction in imaging time on the order of a factor of five. By accepting a reduction in image reconstruction quality, additional gains in imaging time of ten times or more, were achieved.
Fatigue and plaque rupture in myocardial infarction

Plaque rupture plays a role in the majority of acute coronary syndromes. Rupture has been associated with stress concentrations, which are affected by tissue properties and anatomy. In this study rupture was not approached as an acute syndrome, but rather as the culmination of a chronic injury or fatigue process. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of anatomy, tissue properties, and blood pressure on a fatigue mechanism. Incremental crack propagation was dynamically simulated based on evolving stress distributions. Stresses were resolved by a finite element solver, using vessel stiffness properties derived from in vivo data. Plaque fatigue crack growth per pressure pulse was estimated using an adapted Paris-relation. It was demonstrated that cracks begin at the lumen wall at areas of stress concentration, depending on the shape of the lumen, thickness of the fibrous cap and stiffness of the plaque components. Mean or pulse pressure did not affect initiation location. Cracks extended radially and grew at a rate that was highly dependent on both mean and pulse pressure and on lipid stiffness. Rupture rate depended on blood pressure and lipid stiffness. It was concluded that a fatigue mechanism in a pulsatile cardiovascular pressure environment reconciles clinical evidence of acute plaque rupture at seemingly low stress levels, and it could provide a framework for developing strategies to create a biomechanically benign environment which is least conducive to plaque rupture.
Fear of nausea and vomiting: The interaction among psychosocial stressors, development transitions, and adventitious reinforcement

This paper describes the treatment of a relatively unreported syndrome, fear of nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents. For all subjects, the symptoms began shortly after an illess or hospitalization that included nausea as a symptom. Treatment consisted primarily of changing parental response to symptomatic behavior. The possible interaction among developmental transitions, psychosocial stressors, and reinforcement in the etiology of this disorder is discussed. It is suggested that life stresses may make children more vulnerable to adventitious reinforcement of symptoms.
Delay based routing for real-time traffic in ad hoc networks

In this paper, we propose a routing protocol in an ad hoc network that ensures timely delivery of real-time data packets. This is achieved by carefully accessing the resources available to a route before a session is admitted along that route. Each link in the route is checked for sufficient bandwidth not only for the new session to be admitted but also for the sessions that are already using that link. The new session is admitted only if its admission does not violate the delay bounds of any of the on-going sessions. This method of route selection coupled with per-hop link reservations allows us to provide bounds on the delay performance. Extensive simulation experiments are also conducted that demonstrate the performance of the proposed routing protocol in terms of throughput, session blocking probability, average path length and delay.
Bucking a trend in local television news: Combating market-driven journalism

This research investigates whether projects and movements designed to change the norms of local television journalism have succeeded. It explores this question through the case of Best Practices 2000 (BP2K), a foundation-funded organization aimed at improving local television public affairs coverage. This research compares BP2K to two other recent attempts to improve or increase local television public affairs coverage - civic journalism and the Wisconsin Collaborative Project. Stations working to improve public affairs coverage are compared to traditional market-driven journalism stations. This study explores the extent to which these efforts can change news coverage, and in doing so deepens our knowledge of the norms of market-driven news routine, which these projects, at least implicitly, question.
Adaptive granularity memory systems: a tradeoff between storage efficiency and throughput

We propose adaptive granularity to combine the best of fine-grained and coarse-grained memory accesses. We augment virtual memory to allow each page to specify its preferred granularity of access based on spatial locality and error-tolerance tradeoffs. We use sector caches and sub-ranked memory systems to implement adaptive granularity. We also show how to incorporate adaptive granularity into memory access scheduling. We evaluate our architecture with and without ECC using memory intensive benchmarks from the SPEC, Olden, PARSEC, SPLASH2, and HPCS benchmark suites and micro-benchmarks. The evaluation shows that performance is improved by 61% without ECC and 44% with ECC in memory-intensive applications, while the reduction in memory power consumption (29% without ECC and 14% with ECC) and traffic (78% without ECC and 66% with ECC) is significant.
Social desirability, not dietary restraint, is related to accuracy of reported dietary intake of a laboratory meal in females during a 24-hour recall

Abstract Underreporting in self-reported dietary intake has been linked to dietary restraint (DR) and social desirability (SD), however few investigations have examined the influence of both DR and SD on reporting accuracy and used objective, rather than estimated, measures to determine dietary reporting accuracy. This study investigated accuracy of reporting consumption of a laboratory meal during a 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) in 38 healthy, college-aged, normal-weight women, categorized as high or low in DR and SD. Participants consumed a lunch of four foods (sandwich wrap, chips, fruit, and ice cream) in a laboratory and completed a telephone 24HR the following day. Accuracy of reported energy intake of the meal = ((reported energy intake − measured energy intake) / measured energy intake) × 100 [positive numbers = overreporting]. Overreporting of energy intake occurred in all groups (overall accuracy rate = 43.1 ± 49.9%). SD-high as compared to SD-low more accurately reported energy intake of chips (19.8 ± 56.2% vs. 117.1 ± 141.3%, p
Texting while walking: an evaluation of mini-qwerty text input while on-the-go

Interacting with mobile technology while in-motion has become a daily activity for many of us. Common sense leads one to believe that texting with a mini-qwerty keyboard while mobile can be dangerous since users are distracted and not paying attention to the environment. Previous studies have found that mobility negatively impacts text entry performance for novice participants typing on virtual keyboards on touch screen mobile phones. We investigate the impact of mobility on expert users' ability to quickly and accurately input text on mobile phones equipped with fixed-key mini-qwerty keyboards. In total, 36 participants completed 600 minutes of typing on mini-qwerty keyboards (300 minutes training up to expertise) in three mobility conditions (seated, standing, and walking) generating almost 4,000,000 characters across all conditions. Surprisingly, we found that walking has a significant impact on expert typing speeds but does not significantly impact expert accuracy rates.
Ground state structure of random magnets

Using exact optimization methods, we find all of the ground states of ({plus_minus}h) random-field Ising magnets (RFIM) and of dilute antiferromagnets in a field (DAFF). The degenerate ground states are usually composed of isolated clusters (two-level systems) embedded in a frozen background. We calculate the paramagnetic response (sublattice response) and the ground state entropy for the RFIM (DAFF) due to these clusters. In both two and three dimensions there is a broad regime in which these quantities are strictly positive, even at irrational values of h/J (J is the exchange constant). {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Central Lung Tumors

Introduction: Patients with centrally located lung tumors have been reported to have a higher risk of toxicity when treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) compared with patients with peripheral tumors. The optimal SBRT fractionation schedule for treatment of central tumors is unknown. The primary purpose of this study was to assess toxicity in patients with central lesions treated with SBRT at our institution, the majority of whom were treated with four fractions. Methods: Forty-seven patients with 51 central lesions, either primary lung cancer or lung metastases, were treated with SBRT at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine/Yale Cancer Center from 2007 to 2011. The patients were treated with three to five fractions with the majority of patients receiving 50 Gy in four fractions of 12.5 Gy. Forty of the lesions were located within 2 cm of the proximal tracheobronchial tree whereas 11 were located within 2 cm of other mediastinal structures. Toxicity data were collected and analyzed according to pretreatment and tumor characteristics and dosimetric parameters. Lobar control data were compiled. Results: With a median follow-up of 11.3 months (range, 4.8–40.8), four patients experienced grade 3 dyspnea and one patient developed hemoptysis that contributed to respiratory failure and subsequent death. Grade 2 toxicity included fatigue (n = 3), dyspnea (n = 3), chest-wall pain (n = 1), and cough (n = 1). Patients with grade 3+ toxicity had larger maximum tumor diameters compared with those patients without grade 3+ toxicity (median diameter 4.3 cm versus 2.9 cm, p = 0.02). There were no detectable significant differences between the two groups with respect to baseline pulmonary function tests, distance to tracheobronchial tree, maximum point dose to the tracheobronchial tree, maximum dose to 5 cc of the tracheobronchial tree, mean lung dose, and volume of lung receiving 5 Gy, 10 Gy, and 20 Gy. There were two patients who experienced local recurrences. The median biological equivalent dose (linear quadratic formula, α/β = 10) for patients with local recurrence was 76 Gy compared with 112.5 Gy for patients without local recurrence (2-tailed t test, p = 0.04). The 2-year actuarial lobar local control for the entire cohort was 94%. The 2-year lobar local-control rate for patients receiving a biological equivalent dose of 100 Gy or more was 100% and for those receiving less than 100 Gy was 80% (log rank, p = 0.02). Conclusion: SBRT for central lung tumors seems to be safe, although treatment of larger tumors does carry an increased risk of high-grade toxicity. Efforts to decrease the toxicity risk by decreasing the biologically equivalent dose resulted in increased local failure.
Predictors of Walleye Growth and Survival in Michigan Hatchery Ponds

Abstract Walleyes Sander vitreus are extensively cultured across Michigan, with highly variable success resulting in substantial differences in growth and survival. The present study was undertaken in 2005 and 2006 to determine the relationship between abiotic components (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels), prey (zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrate) availability, and stocking density in ponds in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and the growth and survival of walleyes in these ponds. Besides fertilization of some of the ponds, there was no management of the ponds until harvest. Ponds were grouped by similarity of abiotic and biotic factors. Correlations among walleye length, weight, and stocking density, as well as between walleye percent survival and stocking density, provided contradictory results between years. Walleye growth and survival were correlated with planktonic prey densities and nutrient levels. Although these interactions among abiotic variables, prey availability, and w...
Parallel approach to simultaneously solving the correspondence problem and the pose estimation problem

We describe a parallel-distributed approach to simultaneously solving the correspondence problem and the pose estimation problem. When the correspondence is known our method reduces to a generalized Hopfield network with a node for each image point that has an activation that converges to the ray-length through the image point to the object point. Inexact knowledge of the correspondence between object points and image points is represented as an assignment array that encodes the degree of confidence in each of the possible correspondences, similar to the traditional `assignment problem' of optimization theory. Two neural networks, one for pose estimation and one for solving the assignment problem, interact via the introduction of `pseudo image points,' created from the inexact correspondences. These `pseudo image points' reduce to the actual image points when the correspondence is known.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ethanol inhibits excitotoxicity in cerebral cortical cultures.

Abstract Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and related forms of acute neuronal injury. Because ethanol inhibits cellular signaling mechanisms activated by excitatory amino acids, we examined its effect on excitatory amino acid-induced toxicity in neuron-enriched cultures prepared from rat cerebral cortex. Both glutamate and N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) were toxic to cultured cortical cells, as demonstrated by a reduction in their ability to exclude trypan blue dye, and this toxicity was reversed by the NMDA antagonist MK-801. Ethanol (100 mM) provided partial protection from the excitotoxic effect of NMDA. Thus ethanol, like conventional excitatory amino acid antagonists, can attenuate excitotoxic neuronal injury in vitro.
Room temperature gas detection using silicon nanowires

Gas detection using silicon nanowires should only be possible at high temperatures. So how can sensing at ambient conditions be explained?
Self-Calibrated Cluster Counts as a Probe of Primordial Non-Gaussianity

We show that the ability to probe primordial non-Gaussianity with cluster counts is drastically improved by adding the excess variance of counts which contains information on the clustering. The conflicting dependences of changing the mass threshold and including primordial non-Gaussianity on the mass function and biasing indicate that the self-calibrated cluster counts well break the degeneracy between primordial non-Gaussianity and the observable-mass relation. Based on the Fisher matrix analysis, we show that the count variance improves constraints on f{sub NL} by more than an order of magnitude. It exhibits little degeneracy with dark energy equation of state. We forecast that upcoming Hyper Suprime-cam cluster surveys and Dark Energy Survey will constrain primordial non-Gaussianity at the level {sigma}(f{sub NL}) {approx} 8, which is competitive with forecasted constraints from next-generation cosmic microwave background experiments.
Sirolimus-Induced Isometric Tubular Vacuolization: A New Sirolimus Histopathologic Manifestation

The clinical and pathological experience with sirolimus is limited at this time. In this study, we report severe isometric vacuolization of the proximal tubules after sirolimus therapy in two kidney transplant patients. Patient 1 is a hepatitis C virus-positive, 30-year-old African American man who had end-stage renal disease (ESRD) of unknown etiology. Patient 2 is a 62-year-old white woman with ESRD due to unknown etiology. Both patients were initially placed on tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and prednisone immunosuppressive therapy. These patients were switched to sirolimus at 1 and 5 month posttransplant, respectively, due to the development of new-onset hyperglycemia and an elevated serum creatinine. Both patients presented with acute renal failure and high sirolimus levels at 5 years (patient 1) and 10 months posttransplant (patient 2). Biopsies of their kidney transplants showed widespread isometric tubular cytoplasmic vacuolization and severe arterial hyalinosis. Acute renal insufficiency improved after sirolimus dose reduction. In this case report, we introduce a new morphological appearance after sirolimus therapy of isometric cytoplasmic vacuolization of the renal tubules and severe arterial hyalinosis, similar to that seen in calcineurin inhibitor induced tubular toxicity.
Intermittency in hadronic collisions

Abstract We show that the observed increase of the factorial multiplicity moments with decreasing size of the rapidity bin (the so-called “intermittency” phenomenon) is a consequence of the short range correlations. With the linked-pair ansatz for higher order correlations, we find all the moments to be in a very good agreement with the NA22 and UA5 data. At very high energies, and in the large rapidity region, we find that self-similar cascade leads to a power-law behavior of the moments, in agreement with the UA5 data. We propose further tests of this particular mechanism for multiparticle production at Tevatron energies.
An Empirical Analysis of Acreage Effects of Participation in the Federal Crop Insurance Program

The extent to which crop insurance programs have resulted in additional land being brought into production has been a topic of considerable debate. We consider multiequation structural models of acreage response, insurance participation, CRP enrollment, and input usage. Our analysis focuses on corn and soybean production in the Corn Belt and wheat and barley production in the Upper Great Plains. Our results confirm that increased participation in insurance programs provokes statistically significant acreage responses in some cases, though the response is very modest in every case. In the most extreme cases, 30% decreases in premiums as a result of increased subsidies provoke acreage increases ranging from 0.2% to 1.1%. A number of policy simulations involving increases in premium subsidies are considered.
Influence of joint angle on the calibration and performance of EMG amplitude estimators

Multiple-channel electromyogram (EMG) amplitude estimators incorporating temporal whitening filters and/or spatial uncorrelation filters contain a characterization of the EMG waveform (specifically, auto- and cross-correlation information) which may vary with joint angle. This paper reports on an experimental study which investigated the influence of joint angle on these EMG amplitude estimators. It was found that little or no relative improvement in estimator performance resulted from altering either temporal whitening or spatial uncorrelation filters as a function of joint angle. Also, the absolute performance level of these estimators did not vary with joint angle.