cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint processing of audio and visual information for multimedia indexing and human-computer interaction

Information fusion in the context of combining multiple streams of data e. g., audio streams and video streams corresponding to the same perceptual process is considered in a somewhat generalized setting. Specifically, we consider the problem of combining visual cues with audio signals for the purpose of improved automatic machine recognition of descriptors e. g., speech recognition/transcription, speaker change detection, speaker identification and speaker event detection. These happen to be important descriptors for multimedia content (video) for efficient search and retrieval. A general framework for considering all of these fusion problems in a unified setting is considered.
Guide to ORACLE

Written for programmers, applications developers, and consultants who work with Oracle software and need a focused, coherent set of concepts and techniques for application development.
Men's attitudes toward parenthood

In recent family literature, men are often characterized as deadbeat dads, with a focus on their lack of involvement, mainly financial but physical and emotional as well. At the same time, there has been little attention paid to how men feel about being parents. This paper examines men's attitudes toward parenthood using data from the National Survey of Families and Households. The results indicate (1) married men are significantly less likely than unmarried men to think that the stress of raising children, the ability to purchase goods, career time, leisure time, and old age security are important considerations in deciding whether or not to have a child; (2) men with higher education are more likely than less educated men to consider time for career and time for leisure and social activities important in making fertility decisions but are less likely to consider having someone to love important; and (3) black and Hispanic men are more likely to place importance on old age security than non-Hispanic white men.
Ligand—Receptor Binding and Determination of Free Concentrations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents recent advances and future trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method development for the analysis of endogenous and exogenous compounds in biological samples, with a focus on the determination of free concentrations and binding constants. The goal of sample preparation is to eliminate interfering compounds from the matrix using a minimum number of steps, resulting in a reproducible methodology. Many of the current sample preparation challenges are addressed by SPME, which was specifically developed to provide rapid sample preparation both in the laboratory and on-site. The small dimensions of SPME devices and their solvent-free feature enable convenient sampling for bioanalytical applications, such as the analysis of biological samples, the measurement of free concentrations, and the determination of binding constants. The assays described in this chapter can be applied easily to determine the blood to plasma distribution ratio of various drugs. Furthermore, analysis of extracted compounds can be performed with highly specific instruments. The development of biocompatible extraction phases for SPME has led to significant advances in bioanalysis: all sample preparation steps can be combined into a single one, even for complex biological samples. Biocompatible devices permit the direct extraction of target analytes from the flowing blood of living organisms. An important aspect of the future application and growth of SPME is the development of new extraction coatings. An obvious choice is the application of extraction phases that are specific for the target compound.
Automated quality control process for tracking appropriateness of antiemesis.

317Background: Quality tracking and improvement are areas of importance for delivery of high value patient care. Quality Oncology Practice Initiatives (QOPI) are tools designed by ASCO to help oncology practices deliver high quality care. Specifically, QOPI measure 29 tracks whether antiemetics are administered appropriately with moderate/high emetic risk chemotherapy. In this study, we attempted to automate this quality measure using an adapted Microsoft Structured Query Language (SQL) procedure. Our primary aim was to develop an efficient and cost effective system to track appropriate anti emesis that is adaptable to other cancer centers. A secondary aim was to quantify any degree of over treatment in anti emesis in our center. Methods: We created an SQL procedure which accessed the EPIC CLARITY database and used 9 steps to identify how many chemotherapy administrations in our center for the year 2017 were given sufficient, over, or under anti emesis. We adapted our center’s antiemesis guidelines from 2...
Clinical diagnoses among individuals with primary age-related tauopathy versus Alzheimer's neuropathology.

Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is increasingly recognized as a pathologic entity distinct from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given that the diagnosis of PART is an autopsy diagnosis, it is unclear how PART is perceived in clinical practice. Thus, we investigated the presumptive primary and contributing diagnoses in individuals who had cognitive impairment while alive and who met neuropathologic criteria for PART at autopsy. We also compared these clinical diagnoses for people with PART to those with AD neuropathology (ADNP). We used data on 1354 participants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, restricting to those with no neuritic plaques (PART) or moderate/frequent neuritic plaques (ADNP); clinical visit within two years of autopsy; and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia at last visit. To assess if PART participants were less likely to receive a clinical diagnosis of AD at their last visit prior to autopsy, we used logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, education, and APOE e4 status. There were 161 PART individuals (n = 49 MCI; n = 112 dementia) and 1193 individuals with ADNP (n = 75 MCI; n = 1118 dementia). Primary clinical diagnosis of AD was more common in those with ADNP (MCI: 69%; demented: 86%) than PART (MCI: 57%; demented: 52%). In the adjusted analysis, primary and contributing clinical diagnoses of AD remained less likely in PART vs. ADNP participants with dementia (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13–0.38). This study suggests that clinicians recognize a distinction in the clinical presentation between PART and ADNP, diagnosing AD less frequently in those with PART. Nonetheless, clinical AD was diagnosed greater than 50% of the time in PART participants with MCI or dementia. Ante-mortem criteria for diagnosis of PART need to be established, as PART is a neuropathological entity that is distinct from AD and has its own clinical and cognitive outcomes. The authors identified and compared the primary and contributing diagnoses for people with primary age-related tauopathy (PART) to those with Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change (ADNP). Clinicians diagnose AD less frequently in those with PART, recognizing a distinction in the clinical presentation between PART and ADNP.
Organizational injustice and emotional labor in the hospitality industry: A theoretical review

Abstract The topic of emotional labor continues to gain more attention in research and workplace. The study summarizes theoretical research with emphasis on evolution of theories on emotional labor and its antecedent organizational injustice. There is an increasing number of research on consequences of emotional labor, but research on its antecedents is strongly lacking. The purpose of this article is as follows: to review all theoretical background of emotional labor, organizational justice and their evolution over time, to review proposed antecedents of emotional labor and to provide connection of all four facets of organizational injustice and its impact on emotional labor, to explain emotional labor using action theory, appraisal theory and cognitive theory and to link all four facets of organizational injustice using affective events theory, social exchange theory, fairness theory and referent cognitive theory. Finally, potential research gaps were identified in the emotional labor research and some ideas for future research were provided.
A model of intramedullary hematopoietic microenvironments based on stereologic study of the distribution of endocloned marrow colonies

Hematopoietic colonies were studied in the marrow of alternate fraction- irradiated mice by light microscopic stereology to investigate the microenvironmental organization of marrow. Separate analyses of the relative colony cell density of undifferentiated, granulocytic, erythrocytic, and macrophage colonies in four marrow zones were carried out at 3, 4, and 5 days postirradiation (PI) for all colonies, all periarterial colonies, and all non-periarterial colonies. The results demonstrate a differential colony cell distribution that does not appear to be due to a preferential distribution of certain colony types around arteries. Undifferentiated colony cells showed a consistent predilection for endosteal and periarterial regions, with the majority of colony cells occurring along bone. Erythrocytic colony cells proliferated initially in intermediate and central marrow zones and along arteries. Granulocytic colony cells occurred in all areas at 3 days PI, but increased in density along bone thereafter. Macrophage colony cells occurred in all zones at 4 days PI, but at 5 days were concentrated in subosteal and central regions. Macrophage colonies also occurred periarterially. To explain these findings and the organization of normal bone marrow, we present a detailed model of the microenvironmental organization of intramedullary hematopoiesis. This model portrays the stroma as engendering distinct microenvironments for stem cell replication, stem cell commitment, and early progenitor cell proliferation.
Sterile field contamination from powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) versus contamination from surgical masks.

Background Currently, powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) are not recommended for usage in close proximity to sterile fields owing to concerns that exhaled, unfiltered air potentially may cause contamination; however, this has not been confirmed by experimental study. Methods After establishing background levels of airborne contamination, our team placed settling plates in a sterile field and collected contamination from participants who were performing particulate-generating actions. Participants performed the actions while wearing various forms of respiratory protection, including: (1) a full facepiece PAPR, (2) a full facepiece PAPR with a shoulder-length hood, (3) a surgical mask, and (4) no facial covering (as a positive control to determine contamination-reduction effectiveness). Specimens were collected at the end of a 10-minute sampling time frame. After incubation at 36.5˚C for 72 hours, we tabulated colony forming units as a marker of contamination. Results Surgical masks and the 2 PAPR configurations all drastically reduced aerosolized droplet contamination. Surgical masks reduced contamination by 98.48%, and both PAPRs reduced contamination by 100% (compared with the usage of no facial covering). There was no statistical difference between their effectiveness (surgical mask vs both PAPRs, P value = .588 and no hood PAPR vs hood PAPR, P value >.999). Discussion/Conclusions Based on these findings, the tested PAPR configurations are effective at reducing aerosolized droplet contamination into a sterile field, and further testing is warranted to assess other PAPR configurations as well as PAPR suitability in an operating room.
Adherence to Anticoagulation and Risk of Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries Newly Diagnosed with Atrial Fibrillation.

The objective of this study was to compare the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) with adherent use of oral anticoagulation (OAC), non-adherent use, and non-use of OAC. Using 2013–2016 Medicare claims data, we identified patients newly diagnosed with AF in 2014–2015 and collected prescriptions filled for OAC in the 12 months after AF diagnosis (n = 39,272). We categorized participants each day into three time-dependent exposures: adherent use (≥ 80% of the previous 30 days covered with OAC), non-adherent use (0–80% covered with OAC), and non-use (0%). We constructed Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association between time-dependent exposures and time to stroke, adjusting for demographics and clinical characteristics. The sample included 39,272 patients. Study participants spent 35.0% of the follow-up period in the adherent use exposure category, 10.9% in the non-adherent category, and 54.0% in the non-use category. OAC adherent use [hazard ratio (HR) 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–0.74] and non-adherent use (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.57–0.95) were associated with lower hazards of stroke than non-use. Adherent use of DOAC (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.42–0.69) and warfarin (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.56–0.89) was associated with lower risk of stroke than non-use, but the risk of stroke did not statistically differ between DOAC and warfarin adherent use (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.56–1.04). Although adherence to OAC reduces stroke risk by nearly 40%, newly diagnosed AF patients in Medicare adhere to OAC on average only one third of the first year after AF diagnosis.
Brands we love to hate: differences in perceived versus observed driver behaviors

Brand positioning influences perceived utility and how the brand relates to different dimensions of consumers’ selves. While automobile brands promote certain positions, consumers’ actions and perc...
[Risk assessment of nonylphenol exposure in vegetable oil of residents in six cities of Shandong Province in 2014-2015].

Objective To investigate the level of nonylphenol dietary exposure in vegetable oils of 6 cities in Shandong Province and to evaluate the contribution of risk. Methods The data of Total Dietary Study and Health Status Survey of Shandong Province and nonylphenol test data were used to evaluate the exposure. A total of 3468 people from6 cities of Shandong province were selected for food survey by stratified multistage cluster random sampling method in 2014-2015. The consumption of vegetable oil was investigated by weighing and accounting method. Nonylphenol content in dietary samples was detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( HPLC-MS). Results The exposure level of nonylphenol in vegetable oil was 0-0. 44 μg/kg, and the risk index of the highest point of exposure was 0. 088. Conclusion Risk caused by vegetable oil intake of nonylphenol in Shandong Province 6 city residents is extremely low.
How the Conflict Between Anti-Boycott Legislation and the Expressive Rights of Business Endangers Civil Rights and Anti-Discrimination Laws

This article addresses the conflict between the expressive rights of businesses and enforcement of civil rights laws in the context of the many state laws that prohibit the awarding of public contracts to companies that engage in a boycott of Israel. Such laws (known as anti-BDS laws) have been challenged in the Federal courts in recent years, with the support of civil rights organizations, on the grounds that they violate the First Amendment right to boycott. This article examines the impact that these challenges could have on anti-discrimination laws, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It argues that there is no meaningful distinction between these anti-boycott laws, and other anti-discrimination laws, since a boycott, like discrimination, is simply a refusal to deal with someone. We outline the Supreme Court’s increasing willingness in recent years to favor the religious and expressive rights of organizations and businesses over the enforcement of civil rights laws and conclude that challenges to anti-BDS laws, viewed within this trend, could threaten the validity of traditional anti-discrimination laws. By prioritizing the expressive rights of businesses, opposition to anti-BDS laws could threaten important anti-discrimination norms.
Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Early Results and Future Directions

Anterior vertebral body tether (AVBT) is a nonfusion surgical procedure for correction of scoliosis in skeletally immature individuals. With US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2019, AVBT technology is spreading and early to midterm reports are being published. Early clinical reports are promising while precise indications, outcomes, complication profiles, and best practices are being established. Patients who are skeletally immature and wish to avoid a fusion surgery may benefit from this procedure. This article highlights the translational science foundation, early to midterm clinical reports, and future directions for this growing technique in pediatric spinal deformity surgery.
Microanalysis Study on Lignin Distribution of Wood with Different Growth Stress Level by SEM-EDXA

By virtue of FE-SEM and EDXA marked by Br element,the relationship between the lignin distribution and growthstress was micro-analyzed by normal wood of plantation Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis with different growth stress levels.The results indicated that the lignin contents of different cell wall layers were not related to the growth stress level,and the lig-nin content(from high level to low level)in sequence was cell corner,compound middle lamellae,S1,S2and S3;The lignin con-tents in micro-morphological regions of wood fiber cell wall were decreased with the increase in growth stress and lignificationprocess was delayed.
Regulatory roles and mechanisms of alternative RNA splicing in adipogenesis and human metabolic health

Alternative splicing (AS) regulates gene expression patterns at the post-transcriptional level and generates a striking expansion of coding capacities of genomes and cellular protein diversity. RNA splicing could undergo modulation and close interaction with genetic and epigenetic machinery. Notably, during the adipogenesis processes of white, brown and beige adipocytes, AS tightly interplays with the differentiation gene program networks. Here, we integrate the available findings on specific splicing events and distinct functions of different splicing regulators as examples to highlight the directive biological contribution of AS mechanism in adipogenesis and adipocyte biology. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has suggested that mutations and/or altered expression in splicing regulators and aberrant splicing alterations in the obesity-associated genes are often linked to humans’ diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation phenotypes. Therefore, significant attempts have been finally made to overview novel detailed discussion on the prospects of splicing machinery with obesity and metabolic disorders to supply featured potential management mechanisms in clinical applicability for obesity treatment strategies.
Designing Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions That Reach More People, Faster, and with More Impact in Global Contexts

This article demonstrates the substantial similarities globally among preventive, evidence-based interventions (EBIs) designed to address HIV by providing four examples: an HIV family-focused intervention, the Community Popular Opinion Leader intervention, a South African maternal/child health program, and an EBI for sex workers in India. Each identified the key problems in the target population, utilized well-established social cognitive theories, created processes for engaging the target population, set standards for staff accountability, and included routine data collection to facilitate iterative program improvements over time. Building EBIs based on these common, robust features is an alternative design strategy to replication with fidelity. These components provide a road map for researchers, especially those using new technologies, and for local providers seeking to deliver EBIs that match their clients' and communities' needs. Technology platforms and community organizations may serve as resources for designers of the next generation of EBIs, offering an alternative to repeatedly validating the same interventions and replicating them with fidelity.
Cultivating “safe spaces” through a community sport-for-development (SFD) event: implications for acculturation

The change that takes place as a result of contact between two or more cultures, often referred to as acculturation, can present challenges that impede adaptation. This has raised important policy ...
Genetic variability of Edwardsiella piscicida isolates from Mississippi catfish aquaculture with an assessment of virulence in channel and channel × blue hybrid catfish

The bacterium Edwardsiella piscicida causes significant losses in global aquaculture, particularly channel (Ictalurus punctatus) × blue (I. furcatus) hybrid catfish cultured in the south-eastern United States. Emergence of E. piscicida in hybrid catfish is worrisome given current industry trends towards increased hybrid production. The project objectives were to assess intraspecific genetic variability of E. piscicida isolates recovered from diseased channel and hybrid catfish in Mississippi; and determine virulence associations among genetic variants. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) using ERIC I and II primers was used to screen 158 E. piscicida diagnostic case isolates. A subsample of 39 E. piscicida isolates, representing predominant rep-PCR profiles, was further characterized using BOX and (GTG)5 rep-PCR primers, virulence gene assessment and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) targeting housekeeping genes gyrb, pgi and phoU. The MLSA provided greater resolution than rep-PCR, revealing 5 discrete phylogroups that correlated similarly with virulence gene profiles. Virulence assessments using E. piscicida representatives from each MLSA group resulted in 14-day cumulative mortality ranging from 22% to 54% and 63 to 72% in channel and hybrid fingerlings, respectively. Across all phylogroups, mortality was higher in hybrid catfish (p < .05), supporting previous work indicating E. piscicida is an emerging threat to hybrid catfish aquaculture in the south-eastern United States.
Achieving DEIR and Safety Awareness in a Chemistry Graduate Program: “Safety, Inclusivity, & Diversity Talks” (“SID Talks”) as Part of a Colloquium Series

A time- and cost-effective strategy aimed at increasing awareness of diversity, equity, inclusion, respect (DEIR), safety, and other issues within a typical graduate program is described. Using a b...
Communication between pharmacists and patients: the role of place of residence in determining the expectations of older adults.

The relationship between the place of residence of elderly patients and their expectations about the content and style of their communication with pharmacists was studied. Using stratified random sampling of households, telephone interviews were completed in Spring 1994 with 200 rural and 200 urban persons age 65 or older currently taking a prescribed drug that they picked up at a pharmacy. Respondents were asked about their sociodemographic characteristics, health, and experiences with prescription drugs. Factor analysis of items measuring the elders' expectations yielded one factor with nine items. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the effect of residence while controlling for other variables. Subjects currently took 3.2 ± 2.2 drugs (mean ± SD). Fifty-two percent of rural elders used independent pharmacies, and 83% of urban elders used chain pharmacies. On six of the nine items in the expectation scale, rural elders held significantly different (higher) expectations for their pharmacists compared with urban elders. The most fully specified model contained five variables significantly associated with higher expectations: elders who took fewer drugs and who had a stroke, angina, osteoporosis, and no coronary heart disease. Although place of residence was a significant predictor of elders' expectations in the first three models, it was not when drug experiences were added in. Overall, older people in different places of residence have dissimilar personal and drug characteristics, and pharmacists practicing in different community contexts can anticipate encountering different patient expectations.
Constructive specification and synthesis of agents for custom and cross RPC

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is perhaps the most popular paradigm used today to build distributed applications. Many RPC semantics have been designed and implemented in recent years to meet application-specific requirements, and more RPC systems will be built as new distributed applications emerge. As a consequence, the term RPC has grown to include a range of vastly different protocols above the transport layer. In this dissertation, we argue that the cost of implementing a new RPC system is higher than it should be. Another consequence of having many RPC semantics is that programs using different RPC protocols cannot be interconnected directly, and building a solution for each case in a large heterogeneous environment is prohibitively expensive. This dissertation proposes an agent synthesis scheme to reduce RPC development costs and to provide a general solution to the cross-RPC communication problem. The agent synthesis scheme uses a synthesizer to generate implementations of RPC agents from constructive high-level descriptions. Synthesis allows new RPC systems to be prototyped rapidly and facilitates cross-RPC communication. To validate this idea, we have fully designed and implemented our scheme to synthesize RPC agents and to perform custom and cross-RPC communication. Our agent synthesis scheme is realized through three subsystems: a universal RPC toolkit (URPC toolkit), a protocol construction language (Cicero), and a runtime support system for agent synthesis and management (Nestor). The URPC toolkit provides semantics-independent library functions, allowing programmers to prototype diversified new RPC systems with minimal coding effort. Cicero provides language support for describing complex protocol implementations, especially those requiring multiple-thread support. Nestor is the subsystem integrating the URPC toolkit, Cicero and other software utilities to perform agent synthesis and management for cross-RPC communication. An evaluation of our prototype implementation shows that our synthesis approach provides a more general solution than existing approaches, and with lower software development and maintenance costs, while delivering reasonable cross-RPC performance and excellent custom RPC performance.
Changing of the Guard: The Obama Administration, National Security, and the Ethics of Legal Transitions

Expressions of disappointment in the Obama administration’s national security policies have become a familiar trope in progressive legal discourse. This article argues that both the administration and its critics underestimate the difficulty of transitions from periods of overreaching such as the immediate aftermath of 9/11, which I have analyzed in a new book, LAW’S DETOUR: JUSTICE DISPLACED IN THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION (NYU Press 2010). Efforts at transition confront powerful narratives of foreign threats, the pull of patronage for national security consultants and facilities, and a legitimate fear that today’s transition from overreaching will subject former officials to the armchair inquisitions of hindsight bias. Transitions from overreaching in the American context succeed with the same virtues as transitions abroad: inclusion, institutional repertoire, and redress. Inclusion requires consultation with stakeholders, both inside and outside the executive branch, as well as the provision of notice that ensures continuity and fairness. Institutional repertoire allows the lawyer to consult a range of sources of legal authority. For example, a government lawyer providing advice after September 11 should read customary international law in light of United Nations resolutions passed after the attacks. The lawyer may also cite customary national security law’s canon of presidential actions ratified by Congress, including the World War II destroyer deal with Britain authorized by then Attorney General Robert Jackson. Redress contemplates a remedial pragmatism that blends formal and informal sanctions, as in the South African truth and reconciliation commissions. To illustrate the transitional legal ethics paradigm, the article analyzes the enduring presence of Guantanamo, the refusal to seek professional discipline for lawyers like John Yoo who supplied advice to the previous administration, and the proliferation of Predator drone attacks in Pakistan. By a narrow margin, the new administration has avoided emulating Yoo’s negative example. However, its management of the transition from overreaching is very much a work in progress.
Patterning of body segments of the zebrafish embryo.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the patterning of body segments of the zebrafish embryo. Descriptive studies in zebrafish have provided exceptionally clear information, often at the level of individual cells, about the structure, extent in the body, and development of the segments. Experimental analyses, including the use of mutations, reveal cellular interactions required for segmentation. Information from zebrafish provides a useful background for understanding how genes make vertebrate segments, an issue for the future, and for which this species also holds some promise. The developmental studies of zebrafish strengthen the notion that vertebrates seem to be metameric creatures. Attempts to dispel this notion in the past have pointed up the limited extent of vertebrate body segmentation. Segmentation does indeed seem to be limited, but it is even limited in annelids that are certainly segmented animals and that show no hint of segmental organization in lineages that produce the gut or the skin, organs that also appear unsegmented in vertebrates. Accordingly, the presence of nonsegmented tissues within a segmented body plan does not seem particularly problematic for the common segmented ancestor hypothesis; a most interesting question for both development and evolution is how the apparently unsegmented axial sets of cells, the notochord and the floor plate, come to be insinuated into the metameres. These axial tissues have dominant developmental roles and certainly have also been extremely important in chordate evolution.
Studies to improve fixation of human nerves

Abstract Glutaraldehyde fixation after death of the animal (simulated autopsy) was associated with a statistically significant change of the relationship between transverse area of axis cylinder and number of myelin lamellae from that in the controls (simulated biopsy). Differences in length of time elapsed prior to glutaraldehyde fixation (1, 6, or 12 hr) had no significant effect. When the fixation was begun after death, in fibers with more than 72 myelin lamellae the area of axis cylinder was smaller, but in fibers with less than 71 myelin lamellae it was larger than in controls.
Breast cancer‐related lymphedema and sexual experiences: a mixed‐method comparison study

Objective Up to 40% of breast cancer survivors develop lymphedema, a chronic and sometimes disabling condition that manifests as abnormal swelling of the effected arm or hand or upper chest areas. Although the effects of lymphedema on quality of life have been well established, less well documented are the sexual experiences of breast cancer survivors with lymphedema. This study is the first to compare the sexual experiences of women with (n = 243) and without breast cancer-related lymphedema (n = 109). Methods A mixed-method design was used to explore both quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of lymphedema on participants' sexual experiences. Results Participants with breast cancer-related lymphedema reported struggles with compression garments and sexual intimacy, negative feelings involving the breast and arm, and feelings of decreased sexual desire. Conclusions Recommendations for healthcare professionals, social workers, and marriage and family therapists are offered with the aim of assisting women with breast cancer-related lymphedema and their sexual partners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water quality parameter estimation for water distribution systems

Wall decay coefficients vary between pipes and must be determined indirectly from field measured concentration data. A general calibration model for identifying these parameters is formulated here. The problem is solved using the shuffled frog leaping algorithm optimisation algorithm that is coupled with hydraulic and water quality simulation models using the EPANET Toolkit. The methodology is applied to two application networks to examine the robustness of the parameter estimation algorithm and to study the effects of the network flow conditions, data availability, model simplification, and measurement errors. To that end, different field conditions are considered, including a network with or without tanks, altering disinfectant injection policies, changing measurement locations, and varying the number of wall decay coefficients. Results from conditions with exact data show that the solution approach is robust and consistently finds the true parameter values. However, when the number of decay coefficient...
In vitro and in vivo interaction of nuclear antibodies with corresponding antigens.

Es wird mit indirekter Immunofluoreszenz gezeigt, dass Leberzellkerne mit Antikorpern bedeckt werden konnen, wenn sie systemischemLupus erythromatosus-Serum (SLE) fur weniger als 2 sec ausgesetzt werden, und dass die Farbungsintensitat vom Titer des Antikorpers abhangt.
A High Yield Procedure for 1-Chloro-1-Alkynes

Abstract Chloroacetylenes constitute a set of compounds with a great variety of synthetic applications.1,2 Our recent interest in these compounds has developed from the discovery that they produce α-chloroalkenylalanates with lithium aluminumhydride.2 It became expedient to find an improved route to their preparation since literature methods do not possess sufficient scope or only afford moderate yields.2–5 Along with the recent disclosure of Verboom,6 we independently found that the reaction of lithium acetylides (1) with N-chlorosuccinimide (2) produces 1-chloro-1-alkynes (3). Our procedure, however, has marked advantages and thus we wish to report our findings.
Assessing the sustainability of rice production growth in Bangladesh

Abstract This paper identifies the sources of growth in rice production in Bangladesh over the 1973–99 period. The main contributor was found to be the conversion of rice growing areas from local to modern varieties. The most important conclusion, based on simulations, is that the current level of per capita production can be sustained only through increased yields of modern rice varieties. Population control is found to have significant long-run benefits, while faster conversion of remaining area to modern varieties has important short-run payoffs. The latter two actions, however, can only complement but not substitute efforts to increase the yields of modern varieties.
From ‘core’ to ‘sore’ concepts: Ideological innovation and conceptual change

(1999). From ‘core’ to ‘sore’ concepts: Ideological innovation and conceptual change. Journal of Political Ideologies: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 391-396.
Distribution of nigrothalamic projections in the dog

The distribution of nigrothalamic projections was studied in the dog by using the autoradiographic tracing method. On the basis of a systematic series of tritiated amino acid injections into different portions of the substantia nigra, we found that the rostral three-fourths of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) gives rise to widespread thalamic projections. The nigrothalamic label, occupied a longitudinal band extending from rostral ventral anterior nucleus (VA) through to caudal mediodorsal nucleus (MD). In the dog, VA is histochemically identified as an acetylthiocholinesterase (AChE)-negative region and is distinct from the adjacent ventral lateral nuclei which stain positively for AChE. In rostral thalamus, the dense autoradiographic label was observed in rostral VA within the AchE-negative region lying alongside the mammillothalamic tract (MT). The adjacent AChE-positive ventral lateral nuclei did not contain autoradiographic label. In addition, homogeneously distributed silver grains were observed throughout the ventromedial nucleus (VM) bilaterally. More caudally, as the ventral lateral thalamic compartment emerges, label was also observed within the internal medullary lamina region, including the paralaminar portion of VA, the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the paralaminar portion of MD. Finally, in caudal thalamus, the central portion of MD, as well as the parafascicular nucleus (Pf), contained autoradiographic label. The overall nigrothalamic distribution observed in the dog was similar to the distribution of nigrothalamic projections in monkeys with one exception. Unlike that of primates, the distribution of nigral efferents is to the whole extent of VM in the dog as in other non-primate species. Overall, we found that nigral efferents primarily project to three main thalamic targets: the VA/MD region, VM, and the internal medullary lamina region, which includes dorsal CL and paralaminar VA and MD. We propose that these three nigrothalamic territories may constitute critical links subserving different functional channels.
Regulation of Tissue-selective T-Lymphocyte Homing Receptors during the Virgin to Memory/Effector Cell Transition in Human Secondary Lymphoid Tissues

Conventional virgin T cells efficiently and homogeneously recirculate through all secondary lymphoid tissues, but not “extralymphoid” effector sites. In contrast, memory/effector populations are composed of distinct subsets with differential, often tissue-selective, migratory capability to both secondary lymphoid tissues and effector sites. In keeping with these observations, CD45RAhigh/ROlow virgin T cells in human peripheral blood uniformly express the peripheral lymph node (PLN) homing receptor (HR) L-selectin, and lack the skin-selective HR CLA, whereas among the CD45RAlow/ROhigh “memory/effector” population, differential expression of these HR yields three predominant subsets: L-selectin+/CLA+, L-selectin+CLA−, L-selectin+CLA−. Although these subsets are of approximately equal size in the peripheral blood, the vast majority of T cells obtained from cutaneous chronic inflammatory sites display the L-selectin+/CLA+ phenotype. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for the generation of these memory/...
Acid rain: the international response

Acid rain or technically “acid deposition” has far reaching environmental, economic, political and international implications. It has been blamed for large‐scale damage to aquatic ecosystems and forests in Scandinavia, southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States. A number of other countries have expressed concern about the possible affects of acid rain on water bodies, forests, agricultural crops and material structures. Never before has the international community been forced to contend with the conflict over a country's right to formulate its own energy and environmental policies, and the sovereign right to be free of environmental damages from the pollutant discharges from other sovereign territories. Although much has been learned about the scientific dimensions of the problem, there remain major scientific questions relating to atmospheric transport and transformation, effects on soil, vegetation and aquatic ecosystems and finally on human health itself. Devising a cost‐efficient and effec...
The Research of the Distributed Grid Model Maintenance Technologies Based on Logical Unify

To solve the model consistency problem between the power systems which use model combination, and to meet the needs of different models proposed for the grid, in this paper is based on the research of whole grid model information and application requirements, and proposed the method of the model maintenance based on logical unify. And this paper describes the "two deployment, unified management, partition maintenance, on-demand services" architecture design, and detailed model business processes and key technical details. Finally, through prototype software verification of the research, we prove that these model maintenance and management technologies can achieve the whole grid model to efficiently store and manage, and can adapt to various model requirements.
Field trial and modeling of uptake rates of in situ lipid-free polyethylene membrane passive sampler.

Lipid-free polyethylene membrane tubing (LFT) has been further developed in response to a growing need for an inexpensive and simple time-integrative sampling device for dissolved hydrophobic contaminants in water. The LFT sampler is based on the diffusion of dissolved hydrophobic target compounds through the aqueous boundary layer and into the polyethylene membrane, mimicking uptake by organisms. We demonstrate through laboratory and field validation studies that LFT provided the same benefits as many other passive sampling devices, without the potential of analytical interference from lipid impurities. A total of 370 LFTs and semipermeable membrane devices were deployed for 21 days in paired studies at highly urbanized, undeveloped, and two Superfund sites, representing several river conditions. A simple internal surrogate spiking method served as an in situ calibration indicator of the effects of environmental conditions on the uptake rates. A modified extraction method for the LFT increased recoveries...
A Compact Heavy Ion RFQ Preacceleraior for Use at the CERN Linac I

This paper describes the LBL contribution to a project designed to provide fully-stripped oxygen beams for acceleration in the CERN PS complex.[1] A preaccelerator for Linac I, consisting of an ECR ion source, an REQ linac, and RF matching cavities, is being assembled as part of a collaborative arrangement among LBL, GSI, and CERN. The RFQ, designed and built at LBL, will accept analyzed oxygen +6 beam from the ECR at 5.6 keV/amu, and accelerate it to 139.5 keV/amu, the injection energy required for 2 s? operation of Linac I. Stripping to +8 will be done with a foil stripper at 12.5 MeV/amu at the exit of Linac I. The RFQ operates at 202.56 MHz and is 0.86 meters in length. The structure is stabilized with vane coupling rings, and uses a single drive loop and a single tuning loop.
A pilot study of buspirone in the treatment of social phobia

Abstract Seventeen patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for social phobia were seen in an eight week open trial of buspirone. Eleven subjects completed the study, having taken an average of 48 mg per day of medication by the end of week 8. Rating scales of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, and disability were administered. Preliminary findings indicated that 1) buspirone is an effective anxiolytic for anxiety in general, and 2) generalized social phobia symptoms partially responded to buspirone, although few patients responded dramatically. The limitations of this study and some problems with the assessment instruments are discussed. Recommendations for future studies are offered.
Relationships of sexual activities in estrous cows to different frequencies of observation and pedometer measurements.

Abstract Sexual activities were observed continuously for 120 h in Holstein dairy cows during moderate climate. Pedometer measurements of motor activity were correlated with total activities initiated, total activities received, mounts received, and time in estrus. Twelve of 14 individual sexual activities also were correlated on a within-cow basis with pedometer-measured increases in motor activity; disoriented mounts and licking front were not correlated to pedometer increases. Although observations of four 1-h and four or six 30-min observations accounted for greater variation, pedometer increases in activity accounted for as much variation in total sexual activities as periodic observations of 30 min or 1 h for 1 to 3 ×/d. Combining periodic observations with pedometer measurements resulted in greater coefficients of determination for analyses of sexual activities than with each individual factor. Sexual activities and pedometer increases also were correlated positively with body condition score and day postpartum, and they were correlated negatively with milk production and body weight change since calving. Although mounting and total sexual activities were shifted significantly from expected on a quartile basis, shifts were probably not of practical significance and provided little evidence for more frequent occurrence of estrous activity during noctural periods. Rather, the most marked decrease in mounting and total sexual activities occurred at milking and feeding times, indicating that dairy farmers should be more concerned with disruptions of activities by management practices rather than nocturnal occurrence of estrus.
The superconducting isotope effect of iron in U6Fe

Abstract The iron isotope effect on the superconducting transition temperature of the compound U 6 Fe was found to be very small or zero.
Influence of Vegetation and Hydrology on the Humus Budgets of Labrador Lakes

A mass-balance approach is used to explore the effect of several hydrologic and geographic variables on humic matter concentrations in surface waters of Labrador–Ungava. Water-color measurements from 67 dilute oligotrophic lakes are used to evaluate model predictions of aquatic humus concentration from basin hydrology, catchment vegetation, and internal loss rates. The major trend in water color in the Labrador region — increasing north to south — results from differences in external humus loading from catchment vegetation and soils. Hydrologic influences on aquatic humus concentrations reside in the dilution of catchment drainage by direct precipitation to the lake — effective only when catchments are small — and in water residence time which controls losses due to mineralization and sedimentation.
A light limited continuous culture study of Emiliania huxleyi : determination of coccolith detachment and its relevance to cell sinking

Abstract The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay and Mohler is one of the most abundant calcite producing organisms on earth, producing calcium carbonate plates known as coccoliths. Consequently, these coccoliths represent a major carbon sink in the world ocean. This study addresses the rate of detachment of coccoliths from coccolithophores under controlled growth conditions using light-limited continuous cultures. Cells were grown at six different growth rates between 0.24 day −1 and 1.00 day −1 . Other cell properties including chlorophyll, particulate inorganic carbon, and total particulate carbon, were also investigated with regard to growth rate of the cells. The coccolith detachment rate increased linearly with cellular growth rate at a ratio not significantly different from 1.00. This change in detachment with growth could affect several processes such as sinking rates of cells and the appearance of blooms in remotely-sensed imagery. The importance of sinking to coccolithophores is discussed.