cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune reactivity does not predict chemotherapy response, organ preservation, or survival in advanced laryngeal cancer.

Objective: To determine whether pretreatment lymphocyte subpopulations correlate with tumor response to induction chemotherapy as part of an organ preservation treatment approach in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Study Design: A prospective clinical trial in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer was undertaken to determine whether the frequency of late salvage laryngectomy and overall survival could be improved using one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to select patients for organ preservation. Pretreatment peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations for CD3, CD4, CD8, NK, and B cells were correlated with tumor response to induction chemotherapy, larynx preservation, and survival, to determine whether immune parameters could be useful in patient selection. Methods: The study setting was a tertiary referral academic health center. Studied were 53 patients with stage III (42%) or IV (57%) larynx cancer. Most patients had supraglottic cancers (73%) and positive clinical nodes (51%). Sixty-eight percent had greater than 50% tumor response after one cycle of induction chemotherapy and then received concurrent chemoradiation and two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in 39 patients. Mean follow-up was 23.3 months (range, 5-61 mo). Results: A total of 18 (34%) patients underwent laryngectomy. Only 4 cases were late salvage resections (13-35 mo after treatment). Fourteen cases were planned surgery after initial chemotherapy. Of the lymphocyte subpopulations measured, CD8 levels were significantly lower in stage IV patients and tended to be lower in patients with successful organ preservation. However, no significant differences in lymphocyte subpopulations were found among responders and nonresponders to chemotherapy. Overall survival was 88%. Conclusions: One cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was effective in selecting patients for organ preservation. The regimen of definitive concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with an unexpectedly high 2-year survival rate. Lymphocyte subsets were not significant predictors of responding patients or survival. Further study of other biological markers useful in selecting patients for organ preservation are needed.
Rapid prototyping of robotic systems

In this paper, the application of rapid prototyping in fabricating nonassembly robotic systems is presented. Using the stereolithography apparatus SLA 190 of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering of Rutgers University, and the selective laser sintering Sinterstation 2000 of DTM Corporation of Austin, TX, prototypes of mechanical joints were fabricated experimentally. The designs of these component joints were then used to fabricate the articulated structure of experimental prototypes for two robotic systems: (1) a three-legged parallel manipulator; (2) a four degree of freedom finger of a five-fingered robotic hand.
Collectivistic Leadership Approaches: Putting the “We” in Leadership Science and Practice

We introduce the notion of “we” or collectivistic leadership. A general collectivistic approach to leadership is developed and contrasted with traditional and contemporary approaches to leadership. An overview of five collectivistic leadership approaches—team, network, shared, complexity, and collective leadership—is then presented. Key notions, constructs, and levels of analysis; the role of a focal leader; operationalizations and empirical results; and implications for leadership development, assessment, and practice of each approach are summarized. Common themes across, and our perspective on, the approaches and future directions for collectivistic leadership science and practice are discussed.
Realistic reliability requirements for the stresses in use

This paper discusses, with examples, dependency of the reliability estimates or requirements on the use environments, including the details of reliability changes of electronic and mechanical components as a function of environmental and operational stresses as well as of their duty cycle. It also provides a discussion of the fundamental differences between the product validation and reliability demonstration or assessment. The paper shows how the same product used in a different location of a system, e.g. vehicle, or in merely different orientation that affects its natural heat transfer, can have a very different reliability estimate. For that reason, the reliability requirements or goals need to be tailored for the product actual expected use. The reliability details such as dependency on the product use cannot be numerically tailored at all times for all locations and details of use, especially contractually. Therefore specification of reliability requirements in a form of a reliability range in average and or a minimum reliability in the harshest use profile is needed rather than as a fixed numerical value. The most excessive environmental and operational stresses are not expected be constant and always present when the product is in actual use; they are expected to be present for only a fraction of the life time, thus the knowledge of the use profile is essential to prepare analysis or design an accelerated reliability life test is specifically important. This analysis along with the reliability demonstration/growth test needs to be tailored to cover the use with the aggressive, normal, and light stresses dependent on the percent time spent in those environments, and with realistically expected stresses of the product during those times. To determine realistic and effective reliability goals or requirements, it is necessary to have in mind the manner how an item will be used and also the environments or locations of its use. Specifying a value of a required MTTF or MTBF may introduce unwanted problems, as they are average values and, just as reliability is, are highly dependent on the item's use its operational and environmental stresses and also of life or product use duration. It is more appropriate to specify minimum reliability value for the aggressive use in the harshest environment that the product might be used. This is even more important in cases where a product, besides electronics, contains mechanical components where and MTTF is just an average value calculated from the stress/strength criteria and resultant reliability.
The Best of BothWorlds: Teaching Basic Writers in Class and Online

Basic writing students and online learning are not necessarily an ideal match. In hopes of stimulating more conversation and research on how technology can best advance the basic writing curriculum, this article first classifies the problems students and faculty encounter when a basic writing class moves online and discusses the pedagogical questions these problems raise. It then presents ten categories of arguments for making the move despite the problems involved. The article concludes with a description of how and why a hybrid model, one in which students meet with their instructor in a classroom on campus every other week and work online during the off weeks, provides one means of minimizing potential problems while maximizing learning opportunities for basic writers. Linda Stine is a professor in the Master of Human Services Program at Lincoln University (PA), where she has taught computer-mediated writing courses for adult students since 1986. For the past two years, she has been using Web-CT to teach a semi-online basic writing class. She has presented papers on technology and writing instruction at CCCC and NCTE, and has published several articles on this topic. Her most recent publication is Classroom Re- sources for Instructors Using Foundations First, published by Bedford/St. Martin's. Computers and Basic Writers: The Issue
The Fully Electronic Academic Library

This description of the planning for the first academic library to contain only electronic resources, and no books and no paper of any kind, is derived from the limitless possibilities of our imagination. The concept of such a library and the dramatic changes it will bring in collections, budgets, staffing, services, and buildings are outlined in detail. Finally a few questions are raised as to whether such a library will best serve the information needs of academic institutions in the twenty-first century.
Open-ocean barriers to dispersal: a test case with the Antarctic Polar Front and the ribbon worm Parborlasia corrugatus (Nemertea: Lineidae).

Open-ocean environments provide few obvious barriers to the dispersal of marine organisms. Major currents and/or environmental gradients potentially impede gene flow. One system hypothesized to form an open-ocean dispersal barrier is the Antarctic Polar Front, an area characterized by marked temperature change, deep water, and the high-flow Antarctic Circumpolar current. Despite these potential isolating factors, several invertebrate species occur in both regions, including the broadcast-spawning nemertean worm Parborlasia corrugatus. To empirically test for the presence of an open-ocean dispersal barrier, we sampled P. corrugatus and other nemerteans from southern South America, Antarctica, and the sub-Antarctic islands. Diversity was assessed by analyzing mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data with Bayesian inference and TCS haplotype network analysis. Appropriate neutrality tests were also employed. Although our results indicate a single well-mixed lineage in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic, no evidence for recent gene flow was detected between this population and South American P. corrugatus. Thus, even though P. corrugatus can disperse over large geographical distances, physical oceanographic barriers (i.e. Antarctic Polar Front and Antarctic Circumpolar Current) between continents have likely restricted dispersal over evolutionary time. Genetic distances and haplotype network analysis between South American and Antarctic/ sub-Antarctic P. corrugatus suggest that these two populations are possibly two cryptic species.
MOBILIZING ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE ANDES – A STUDY OF ECUADOR AND PERU

Lisa M. Glidden, MOBILIZING ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE ANDES – A STUDY OF ECUADOR AND PERU, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2011, 146 pp., $55.00 (hardback) Ecuador presents a significant instance of politici...
Long-term electrophysiological effects of regional cardiac sympathetic denervation of the neonatal dog.

Objective: In many cardiac arrhythmias, both a triggering factor and a favorable myocardial substrate are required. Whereas the sympathetic nervous system may trigger tachyarrhythmias, its function as a long-term modulator of the myocardial substrate is less well understood. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that regional sympathetic denervation at birth would produce an abnormal myocardial substrate. The comparator was the substrate associated with inherited, lethal tachyarrhythmias at 5 months of age in German shepherd dogs with incomplete sympathetic innervation. Methods: Mongrel dogs underwent right cardiac stellectomy (RSX) within the first day of life and were terminally studied with control littermates at 5 months of age. Results: On days 1–21 of life, RSX animals manifested significant QT prolongation on ECG and sudden, asystolic death. Beyond this age, QT intervals normalized and deaths did not occur. At 5 months, action potentials (AP) were recorded from Purkinje fibers (PF) and midmyocardial preparations in anteroseptal (AS) and posterobasal (PB) left ventricle. Early afterdepolarizations occurred only in left ventricular PF from RSX dogs. Isoproterenol prolonged AP duration in AS and shortened it in PB of RSX but not control dogs. The incidence of isoproterenol-initiated triggered activity and the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarizations were greater in RSX than control dogs. Conclusion: Five months after RSX heterogeneous alterations of LV electrophysiological properties were similar to those previously observed in animals having inherited deficits in sympathetic innervation and sudden death. This implicates the sympathetic nerves as long-term modulators of an arrhythmogenic substrate. That 5-month-old RSX dogs did not experience tachyarrhythmias or sudden death indicates that further anomalies — beyond those explicable by the substrate change — must exist to induce sudden death.
Tongue Piercing and Obstetric Anesthesia: Is There Cause for Concern?

The practice of oral tissue piercing, until recently, has been limited mainly to various native tribes in Africa. However, in recent years, body piercing (including oral tissue piercing), has become increasingly popular in the United States and Europe. We present a case of an obstetric patient who presented for emergency postpartum surgery with fixated tongue jewelry in situ, which resulted in trauma to the tongue and difficult airway management. The difficult airway management consisted of tongue bleeding at the time of laryngoscopy and tongue edema at extubation. We consider these two events to be near misses of "cannot intubate" and "cannot ventilate" situations, respectively. Because the popularity of body piercing is increasing in our society, it is reasonable to expect that the incidence of oral jewelry interference with airway management will also increase. Based on this experience, we advise laboring patients with oral jewelry to remove the hardware before receiving anesthesia for safety reasons.
Public and Private in Classical Athenian Law Enforcement

This essay explores the extent to which the distinction between a public and private sphere is a meaningful one in Athenian law enforcement. Athenian law did treat the household as a private sphere in some respects: the head of the household enjoyed near-exclusive power to discipline its members and retained the legal right to use self-help to protect the oikos long after public legal institutions had become dominant in other areas of life. On the other hand, the notion of a sphere of private conduct free from practical state interference was a myth. While Athenian statutes did not directly regulate private matters, in practice Athenian courts enforced norms of private conduct through character evidence raised by the litigants. Finally, the operation of informal means of social control (such as social sanctions and gossip) and the formal court system were so interdependent that the traditional dichotomy between “private” and “public” or “formal” and “informal” mechanisms of enforcing norms does not apply to the Athenian legal system.
Analysis of the LIFT Variance-Reduction Method Applied to Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Simulations of a Realistic Nonproliferation Test Problem

The Local Importance Function Transform (LIFT) method is a sophisticated automated variance-reduction technique for Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport problems. In previous publications,...
Development of Superconducting Magnetic Heat Switches for an Ideal Integrating Bolometer

We are developing an ideal integrating bolometer (IIB), a novel detector for far-infrared applications. An IIB consists of a dissipationless temperature sensor weakly coupled to a thermal bath through a heat switch. If the heat switch’s thermal conductance in the “off” state is much smaller than its conductance in the “on” state, the thermometer temperature will depend linearly on integrated incident power, until the bolometer temperature is reset by changing the conductance to the “on” state. A key component of an IIB is the heat switch, the subject of this paper. We have fabricated and tested prototype IIB devices designed to demonstrate a superconducting magnetic heat switch on both solid substrates and membranes. In this work, we will present details on the design, fabrication, and experimental performance of our prototype IIB devices.
Dedicated teams to improve operative room efficiency

Abstract Purpose The goal of this study was to determine if a dedicated operative room (OR) team would improve OR efficiency. Methods A pilot program was initiated at an endocrine surgery service at a tertiary medical center to improve operative room efficiency as part of a comprehensive unit-based safety protocol (CUSP). The service already underwent standardization of pre-operative workup, OR equipment, operative technique, and anesthesia protocol. As a pilot, one surgeon had a dedicated OR team consisting of regular scrub and circulating nurse oriented specifically for endocrine surgeries. The pre - and post- CUSP times were compared to the other surgeons on the service. OR time, turnover time, and first start times were measured. Results A total of 25 cases were performed with the new nursing team as compared to the 85 done historically. The overall OR time was decreased form 125.51 minutes to 112.1 minute (p 0.05), whereas the control group did not have any statistical difference during this time, 172.2 minutes compared to 171.3 minutes ( p =0.9). Turnover with the team was improved by 9.0% at 26.4 minutes from 29.0 minutes and first start OR times improved to 7:20 AM from 7:22 AM, however neither of these changes reached statistical significance ( p >0.05). Conclusion This pilot program indicates that a dedicated team in the operative room can reduce operative time. We attributed this to reduction in delays and distractions as well as increased experience with the flow of the operation. We feel this improves patient safety while reducing operative costs.
Visual and auditory orienting responses in preterm infants : a comparison of three cohorts over time

ABSTRACT Visual and auditory orienting responses were compared in three cohorts of preterm infants (N = 351) born between 1977 and 1987. The infants were divided into one group born between 25 and 34 weeks gestational age (n = 140) and one group born between 35 and 37 weeks gestational age (n = 211). Ratings were made of the infants' best orienting responses to a bull's-eye, rattle, bell, voice, and face plus voice combined. Analyses of covariance were computed to adjust for changes in perinatal variables between 1977 and 1987. For both groups, there were significant differences between cohorts on orienting to the bull's-eye, with a trend for the 25- to 34-week group on orienting to the rattle. Behavioral outcome for preterm infants has improved with changes in neonatal intensive care.
Effect of Water Vapor Pressure on the Viscous Sintering of Mullite

Powder compacts with mullite composition (3Al2O3⋅2SiO2) were prepared by mixing γ-alumina and colloidal silica, followed by pressurized filtration. The compacts were sintered by means of viscous flow of amorphous silica phase at relatively low temperature (1200-1250°C) under various water vapor pressures with dew points of -35, +25 and +60°C, and the effect of partial pressure of water vapor on the viscous sintering of mullite was investigated. Densification was enhanced with an increase in water vapor pressure. It was attributed to the fact that the water vapor terminates the silica network, which lowers the viscosity of amorphous silica. Apparent viscosity in the viscous sintering could be determined by applying theoretical models derived in the system composed of only vitreous phase. A compact with nearly full density (≅99%) was obtained under high water vapor pressures by optimizing sintering temperature and time.
Real-Time Studies of Laser Oxidation of Copper: Characteristics of an Optical Heat Source

Oxidation of copper films is carried out using a cw argon ion laser. Time-resolved reflectance measurements during the reaction are performed at probe wavelengths of 632.8 and 514.5 nm. Strong temporal variations in reflectance are observed, and are attributed to interference within the growing oxide film. Measurements carried out as a function of laser power are complemented by Auger electron and scanning electron microscopy. A theoretical model of the system has been developed which treats its optical and thermal properties and the film growth process in an integrated way. The calculations highlight the intimate connection between the time dependence of the optical properties of the metal-metal oxide system and the film growth rate. The highly non-isothermal conditions which prevail account for the rapid rate of oxidation relative to furnace oxidation. Although both laser and furnace oxidation are thermal processes which obey a parabolic rate law, preliminary oxygen pressure dependence data indicate that they may not have the same rate determining step.
The Role of Sweep Rate in Energy Harvesting

Piezoelectric-based energy harvesting provides an attractive method of powering remote wireless devices. As such, significant research has been dedicated to studying the performance of such systems, though primarily while operating under steady state conditions. For some applications, however, these conditions are not realistic, and transient analysis must be performed. Of interest here is harvesting in conjunction with a vibration reduction technique, resonance frequency detuning. This technique provides a method of reducing mechanical response at structural resonances for systems with frequency sweep excitations. Inherent to these sweep excitations is an additional parameter rarely studied in energy harvesting research, the sweep rate. This paper addresses the role of the sweep rate in energy harvesting systems, with particular interest on how the power output and vibration response of the system respond to changes in sweep rate. Varying the sweep rate is shown to have an analogous effect to varying the modal damping ratio in steady-state systems, suggesting the frequency sweep may act as an additional source of damping. It is shown that the optimal power output bifurcates as the sweep rate drops below a particular value, similar to the concept of the bifurcation damping ratio.
Gas Holdup in Gas−Liquid Stirred Tanks

A single-point optical probe is developed that can accurately obtain local gas holdup in a gas-liquid stirred tank across a wide range of operating pressures, temperatures, and fluids. It is found that the probe orientation to the flow in a stirred tank can cause underestimations in gas holdup if only a single probe orientation is used. The probe is also able to capture the complex flow pattern in the vessel. This allows improved understanding of optical probes and stirred tanks and generation of data at elevated pressure and temperature conditions needed for development of new fundamental models.
The Extension of Analytic Hypersonic Force Coefficients for Conceptual Design Using the Divergence Theorem

This study investigates the type and performance of analytic Newtonian aerodynamic solutions made possible using the Divergence Theorem. A reformulation of the Newtonian surface pressure calculation enables a mathematically equivalent divergence calculation to be performed as a substitute. This manipulation enables analytic force coe cients to be derived for shapes of increasing complexity while also reducing computational cost when compared to existing analytic solutions. The divergence solutions are obtained by converting the physical ow eld into a mathematical ow eld that is constant in direction but with magnitude that is equivalent to the Newtonian pressure coe cient. This unique property allows various mathematical techniques that are not available with the traditional Newtonian calculation to be performed that further reduce computational cost. The results of this investigation enable the construction of analytic relations for new hypersonic con gurations of interest, and this approach serves as the foundation to construct e cient hybrid exact-approximate solutions for more complex con gurations. Comparisons of the current analytic database to a state-of-the-art hypersonic design tool illustrate the computational advantages of the analytic relations to support hypersonic conceptual design.
EFFICACY OF AVICTA COMPLETE PAC COMBINATIONS AGAINST THRIPS ON COTTON, 2005

'Delta Pine 555 BR' cotton seed were planted on a Commerce silt loam soil on 19 Apr with a John Deere 7100 series planter equipped with 10-inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Plot size was four rows (40-inch centers) by 50 ft. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. All seed treatments were applied by Syngenta. Granular in-furrow treatments (Temik 15G) were applied with 8-inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. Control of thrips adults, thrips larvae, and aphids was determined by randomly selecting five plants per plot at 10, 13, 17, 21, 24, and 28 d after emergence (DAE). Whole plant washing procedures were used to remove the insects and counts were made with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Plant density was determined by counting all plants on the center two rows of each plot at 38 DAE. Plant height was determined by measuring 10 randomly selected plants from the center two rows of each plot at 38 DAE. Plots were mechanically harvested using a spindle type harvester on 19 Sep. Yields were converted to lb seed cotton/acre. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated using an F protected LSD (P = 0.05).
A Method for Production of Volvariella Bombycina Fruit Bodies in Culture

Berlese, A. N. 1896. Icones Fungorum. Vol. II. Pyrenomycetes, Patavia. 216 p. Clements, F. E., and C. L. Shear. 1931. The genera of fungi. H. W. Wilson Co., New York. 496 p. von Hohnel, F. 1909. Fragmente zur Mykologie. 384. Winteria und Odontotrema. Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 118: 1206-1211. Routien, J. B. 1958. A new species of Teichosporella. Mycologia 50: 117-120. Saccardo, P. A. 1883. Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 2. Patavia. 813 + LXIX + 77 p. -. 1895. Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 11. Patavia. 753 p. Winter, G. 1887. Pilze: Ascomyceten. In: Rabenhorst, Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. 1(2): 1-928.
Treatment efficacy of liver damage caused by antituberculosis drugs with compound glycyrrhizin and reduced glutathione

Objective:To investigate the treatment efficacy of liver damage caused by antituberculosis drugs with compound glycyrrhizin and reduced glutathione.Methods:69 patients of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis were randomly divided into control group(32 cases) and observation group(37 cases).In the observation group,compound glycyrrhizin and reduced glutathione were given for 4 weeks,while in the control group,reduced glutathione was given for 4 weeks.Liver function before and after treatment,treatment efficacy and adverse drug reactions in the two groups were observed.Results:The improvement of liver function in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P0.05,P0.01).The effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 91.9% and 71.9% respectively(P0.05).No adverse drug reactions were observed in the two groups.Conclusion:Treatment with compound glycyrrhizin and reduced glutathione for anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis has good effects on reducing enzymes and protecting liver.
Prediction Models of Website Users' Behavioral Intentions Based on Multi-mode Measurement

The prediction models of e-commerce website users ' behavioral intentions were established.The three aspects of users' emotional experiences(subjective emotional experience,eye movement characteristics and physiological responses) while browsing an e-commerce website the first time were measured,and their behavioral intentions(approach tendency) for the site thereafter were analyzed.One-way analysis of variance was used to extract the indicators of emotional experiences affecting users ' behavioral intentions and the relationship models of emotional experiences and behavioral intentions were established based on the support vector machine(SVM).The results show that an integrated use of such indicators as subjective emotional evaluation,eye movement and physiological response can better predict users' website approach tendency.
Developmental changes in the tubular capacity for phosphate reabsorption in the rat

The need for young, immature animals to maintain positive phosphate balance for growth is well known. However, whether this process involves changes in the intrinsic capacity of the kidney to reabs...
Abstract 1036: A muscle specific protein “myoferlin” modulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling by chaperoning activated STAT3 to nucleus

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide and five-year survival rates ( Citation Format: Arti Yadav, Bhavna Kumar, Theodoros N. Teknos, Pawan Kumar. A muscle specific protein “myoferlin” modulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling by chaperoning activated STAT3 to nucleus. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1036. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1036
Performance study on solar assisted heat pump water heater using CO2 in a transcritical cycle

This study reports the numerical analyses of a CO2 transcritical cycle on solar assisted heat pump water heating system in which evacuated tube U-pipe solar collector is utilized as an evaporator. This simulation model can predict operating characteristics for moderate meteorological conditions of North Dakota. The main purpose of this work is to simulate the overall performance of the heat pump cycle by varying compressor speed. From the analysis the coefficient of performance (COP) value is predicted from 1.5 – 2.8 with three different average solar insolation. The results showed that the performance of the system significantly influenced by the compressor speed and solar irradiation. This study also calculated the instantaneous collector efficiency and found in the range of 50 – 55%.
Opening the Book on Maintenance of Certification.

In recent years, the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program of the American Board of Internal Medicine has generated substantial controversy. Lipner and colleagues' study demonstrates that allo...
Experimental Verification of Degenerate Band Edge Dispersion in Metallic Waveguides

The degenerate band edge (DBE) is a fourth order degeneracy occurring in a periodic structure at which four Bloch modes, both propagation and evanescent, coalesce. We experimentally demonstrate here for the first time the DBE dispersion in loaded metallic waveguides at microwave frequencies. The proposed waveguide in which DBE is observed here is designed by periodically-loading a circular waveguide with misaligned elliptical metallic rings. We validate the existence of the DBE in the presented waveguide using measurements and we report good agreement with full-wave simulations of the waveguide near the DBE; taking into account metallic losses. We correlate our finding to theoretical and simulation results utilizing various techniques including dispersion synthesis. The proposed waveguide, and other metallic slow-wave structures supporting the DBE can be used for a variety of applications including pulse compression and high power microwave generation.
Clinicogenetic risk modeling in ATL.

In this issue of Blood , Kataoka et al 1 leverage their landscape of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) to define associations between outcome and specific genetic alterations. 2 They identify gene alterations in both high-grade and low-grade disease that correlate with outcome. Future studies are needed to refine and validate this clinicogenetic classification of ATL. Once validated, prospective studies should assess whether patients with poor-risk disease benefit from alternative strategies and whether those with low-risk disease can achieve long-term survival with less intensive treatment.
Takeover, Settlement, or Shoreham?

One way for New York State and Suffolk County to attempt to block Shoreham was to refuse to participate in emergency planning. Another was to take over LILCO, one way or another, and then abandon the plant; or threaten a takeover to force the company to abandon it. Such maneuvering dominated the Shoreham controversy in 1988.
Bell’s Theorem and the Aspect Experiments: Coming to Terms with Quantum Non-local Reality

The great debate over the world-view implied by quantum theory between Bohr and Einstein began at the fifth Solvay Congress in 1927, and continued intermittently until Einstein’s death in 1955. The argument took the form of thought experiments in which Einstein would try to demonstrate that it was theoretically possible to measure, or at least determine precise values for, two complementary constructs in quantum physics, like position and momentum, simultaneously. Bohr would then respond with a careful analysis of the conditions and results in Einstein’s theoretical examples, and demonstrate that there were fundamental ambiguities which the thought experiments failed to resolve. Although both men would have despised the use of the term, Bohr was the “winner” on all counts. Eventually, the dialogue revolved around the issue of “realism,” and it is this issue that Einstein felt would decide the correctness of quantum theory. Although the second major phase of this debate began in 1935, the issue of realism was resolved in Bohr’s favor only after the publication of the results of the Aspect experiments in 1982.
Gaussian Signals, Covariance Matrices, and Sample Path Properties

In general, determining the shape of the sample paths of a random signal X(t) requires knowledge of n-D (or, in the terminology of signal processing, n-point) probabilities $$P\left(a_{1} < X(t_{1})<b_{1},\ldots,a_{n} < X(t_{n})<b_{n}\right),$$ for an arbitrary n and arbitrary windows \(a_{1}\,<\,b_{1},\ldots,a_{n}\,<\,b_{n}\). for an But, usually, this information cannot be recovered if the only signal characteristic known is the autocorrelation function. The latter depends on the two-point distributions but does not uniquely determine them. However, in the case of Gaussian signals, the autocovariances determine not only two-point probability distributions but also all the n-point probability distributions, so that complete information is available within the second-order theory. In particular, that means that you only have to estimate means and covariances to obtain the complete model. Also, in the Gaussian universe, the weak stationarity implies the strict stationarity as defined in Chap. 4. For the sake of simplicity, all signals in this chapter are assumed to be real-valued. The chapter ends with a more subtle analysis of sample path properties of stationary signals such as continuity and differentiability; in the Gaussian case these issues have fairly complete answers.
Dentate Gyrus Activin Signaling Mediates the Antidepressant Treatment Response

ABSTRACT Antidepressants that target monoaminergic systems, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are widely used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder, several different anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, these treatments are not ideal because only a subset of patients achieve remission. The reasons why some individuals remit to antidepressant treatments while others do not are unknown. Here, we developed a paradigm to assess antidepressant treatment resistance in mice. Treatment of mice with either chronic corticosterone or chronic social defeat stress effectively induces increased negative valence behaviors. Subsequent chronic treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine reverses these behavioral changes in some, but not all, of the mice, permitting stratification into persistent responders and non-responders to fluoxetine. We found several significant differences in expression of Activin signaling-related genes between responders and non-responders to fluoxetine in the dentate gyrus, a region that we recently reported is critical for the beneficial behavioral effects of fluoxetine. Furthermore, enhancement of Activin signaling in the dentate gyrus converted behavioral non-responders into responders to fluoxetine treatment more effectively than commonly used adjunctive antidepressant treatments, while inhibition of Activin signaling in the dentate gyrus converted responders into non-responders. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the behavioral response to FLX can be bidirectionally modified via targeted manipulations of the dentate gyrus and suggest that molecular- and neural circuit-based modulations of dentate gyrus may provide a new therapeutic avenue for more effective antidepressant treatments or adjunctive therapies.
Novel citation-based search method for scientific literature: a validation study

We recently developed CoCites, a citation-based search method that is designed to be more efficient than traditional keyword-based methods. The method begins with identification of one or more highly relevant publications (query articles) and consists of two searches: the co-citation search, which ranks publications on their co-citation frequency with the query articles, and the citation search, which ranks publications on frequency of all citations that cite or are cited by the query articles. We aimed to reproduce the literature searches of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses and assess whether CoCites retrieves all eligible articles while screening fewer titles. A total of 250 reviews were included. CoCites retrieved a median of 75% of the articles that were included in the original reviews. The percentage of retrieved articles was higher (88%) when the query articles were cited more frequently and when they had more overlap in their citations. Applying CoCites to only the highest-cited article yielded similar results. The co-citation and citation searches combined were more efficient when the review authors had screened more than 500 titles, but not when they had screened less. CoCites is an efficient and accurate method for finding relevant related articles. The method uses the expert knowledge of authors to rank related articles, does not depend on keyword selection and requires no special expertise to build search queries. The method is transparent and reproducible.
The World Stage: Engaging in Transnational Liberation and Peace Work

In their definition of liberation psychology, Montero and Sonn (2009) stressed the need for psychologists to transform both people and environments by rupturing social processes buoyed by social identities. Adding further to the peace implications of Montero and Sonn’s work, Mayengo et al. (2018) stated that “practices of liberation yield to peace-building with the understanding that violence in all forms diminishes the capacity for people to live together harmoniously” and therefore, attention to peace is essential to strivings for liberation. Mayengo and his colleagues are a research team that consists primarily of faculty from different ethnic groups in Uganda.
Introducing the Arduino to novice students

Several states, including Arkansas, are introducing computing into their primary and secondary school curricula. Where the focus is computer science (rather than, for example, information technology or data security), it may be useful to give students a concrete platform to introduce relevant computer science concepts. The Arduino platform provides a well-known, widespread, hardware and software interface that is useful in this context. The purpose of this workshop is to bring K12 and college instructors to the point where they feel comfortable introducing Arduinos into their classrooms.
Training Needs Assessment Data‐gathering Methods: : Part 2 – Individual Interviews

The second in a series exploring training needs assessment (TNA) data‐gathering methods, originally published in condensed form in an article entitled “Training Needs Assessment: An ‘Open‐systems’ Application” in the Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 17 No. 1. The first presented and discussed the design and use of survey questionnaires. This presents and discusses individual interviewing techniques as well as behavioural implications inherent to the process. Additionally, presents telephone interviews, a variation of the individual interview method. Relevant research supports examples. Presents and discusses advantages as well as disadvantages. Concludes with a summary emphasizing that open‐ended individual interviews will provide the most valuable and relevant data.
Toward Understanding the Occurrence of Both Wet and Dry Sahel Seasons during El Niño: The Modulating Role of the Global Ocean

AbstractPrior research has shown that dry conditions tend to persist in the Sahel when El Nino develops. Yet, during the historic 2015 El Nino, Sahel summer precipitation was anomalously high, part...
Stretch-Induced Increases in Intracellular Ca Stimulate Thick Ascending Limb O 2 - Production and Are Enhanced in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats.

Mechanical stretch raises intracellular Ca (Cai) in many cell types. Luminal flow-derived stretch stimulates O2- production by thick ascending limbs (THALs). Renal O2- is greater in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) than salt-resistant (SR) rats. We hypothesized that mechanical stretch stimulates Ca influx via TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4) which in turn raises Cai in THALs; these increases in Cai are necessary for stretch to augment O2- production; and stretch-stimulated, and therefore flow-induced, O2- production is enhanced in SS compared with SR THALs due to elevated Ca influx and increased Cai. Cai and O2- were measured in SS and SR THALs from rats on normal salt using Fura2-acetoxymethyl ester and dihydroethidium, respectively. Stretch raised Cai in SS by 270.4±48.9 nmol/L and by 123.6±27.0 nmol/L in SR THALs (P<0.02). Removing extracellular Ca eliminated the increases and differences in Cai between strains. Knocking down TRPV4 in SS THALs reduced stretch-induced Cai to SR levels (SS: 92.0±15.9 nmol/L; SR: 123.6±27.0 nmol/L). RN1734, a TRPV4 inhibitor, blunted stretch-elevated Cai by ≈75% and ≈66% in SS (P<0.03) and SR (P<0.04), respectively. Stretch augmented O2- production by 58.6±10.2 arbitrary fluorescent units/min in SS and by 24.4±2.6 arbitrary fluorescent units/min in SR THALs (P<0.05). Removal of extracellular Ca blunted stretch-induced increases in O2- and eliminated differences between strains. RN1734 reduced stretch-induced O2- by ≈70% in SS (P<0.005) and ≈60% in SR (P<0.01). Conclusions are as follows: (1) stretch activates TRPV4, which raises Cai in THALs; (2) the increase in Cai stimulates O2- production; and (3) stretch-induced O2- production is enhanced in SS THALs due to greater increases in Cai.
Investigation of rare-earth alumino-silicate refractories for molten aluminum alloy containment

107 INTRODUCTION 108 APPROACH 113 PROCEDURE 114 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 120 Crystals with Known Thermodynamic Values 120 Rare-earth Pyrosilicates 128 CONCLUSIONS 137 REFERENCES 138 GENERAL SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 139
Dependable and Certifiable Real-World Systems – Issue of Software Engineering Education

Embedded software and dedicated hardware are vital elements of the modern world, from personal electronics to transportation, from communication to aerospace, from military to gaming, from medical systems to banking. Combinations of even minor hardware or software defects in a complex system may lead to violation of safety with or even without evident system failure. a major problem that the computing profession faces is the lack of a universal approach to unite the dissimilar viewpoints presented by computer science, with its discrete and mathematical underpinnings, and by computer engineering, which focuses on building real systems and considering spatial and material constraints of space, energy, and time. Modern embedded systems include both viewpoints: microprocessors running software and programmable electronic hardware created with an extensive use of software. The gap between science and engineering approaches is clearly visible in engineering education. This survey paper focuses on exploring the commonalities between building software and building hardware in an attempt to establish a new framework for rejuvenating computing education, specifically software engineering for dependable systems. We present here a perspective on software/hardware relationship, aviation system certification, role of software engineering education, and future directions in computing.
Pinbot: A Walking Robot with Locking Pin Arrays for Passive Adaptability to Rough Terrains

To date, many control strategies for legged robots have been proposed for stable locomotion over rough and unstructured terrains. However, these approaches require sensing information throughout locomotion, which may be noisy or unavailable at times. An alternative solution to rough terrain locomotion is a legged robot design that can passively adapt to the variations in the terrain without requiring knowledge of them. This paper presents one such solution in the design of a walking robot that employs pin array mechanisms to passively adapt to rough terrains. The pins are passively dropped over the terrain to conform to its variations and then locked to provide a statically stable stance. Locomotion is achieved with parallel four-bar linkages that swing forward the platforms in an alternating manner. Experimental evaluation of the robot demonstrates that the pin arrays enable legged locomotion over rough terrains under open-loop control.
The Rash, the Weakness, and the Nephritis: Nerve and Kidney Biopsy Findings in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

We present a case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) or Churg-Strauss syndrome in a 66-year Caucasian female who presented with a severe pruritic itch and a progressive upper and lower extremity weakness of unknown duration. The diagnosis of EGPA in this patient remained elusive for an extended period of time due to the absence of respiratory symptoms. In this article, we also discuss the histologic features of EGPA seen in biopsies of the kidney and the nerves and highlight the value they play in diagnosis.
3D Normal Mode Functions (NMFs) of a Global Baroclinic Atmospheric Model

Characteristics of the atmospheric motions can be learned from the 3D normal modes of adiabatic, inviscid and linearized equations with respect to resting states. One popular atmospheric model consists of the hydrostatic baroclinic primitive-equations (PEs) together with the thermodynamic and continuity equations. This chapter describes how to construct the 3D normal modes of the hydrostatic PE model on a sphere to aid the development of computer software of the normal mode functions.