cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New England medical center posterior circulation registry

Among 407 New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation registry patients, 59% had strokes without transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 24% had TIAs then strokes, and 16% had only TIAs. Embolism was the commonest stroke mechanism (40% of patients including 24% cardiac origin, 14% intraarterial, 2% cardiac and arterial sources). In 32% large artery occlusive lesions caused hemodynamic brain ischemia. Infarcts most often included the distal posterior circulation territory (rostral brainstem, superior cerebellum and occipital and temporal lobes); the proximal (medulla and posterior inferior cerebellum) and middle (pons and anterior inferior cerebellum) territories were equally involved. Severe occlusive lesions (>50% stenosis) involved more than one large artery in 148 patients; 134 had one artery site involved unilaterally or bilaterally. The commonest occlusive sites were: extracranial vertebral artery (52 patients, 15 bilateral) intracranial vertebral artery (40 patients, 12 bilateral), basilar artery (46 patients). Intraarterial embolism was the commonest mechanism of brain infarction in patients with vertebral artery occlusive disease. Thirty-day mortality was 3.6%. Embolic mechanism, distal territory location, and basilar artery occlusive disease carried the poorest prognosis. The best outcome was in patients who had multiple arterial occlusive sites; they had position-sensitive TIAs during months to years.
The impact of long rods into spaced-plate arrays

The penetration equations of the FATEPEN2 engineering code have been updated to include behavior of large length-to-diameter ratio rods into spaced plate arrays. The changes were validated with light-gas gun experiments conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory to determine the effects of pitch and yaw on long-rod penetration. These experiments were modeled using the CTH hydrocode to simulate rod impact and interaction with the plate array. Numerical and experimental data for three tests were compared directly, and the discrepancies were analyzed. The analysis led to the conclusion that problem resolution is critical to the success of the calculations.
Solid-phase synthesis of proline analogs via a three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

Abstract Preparation of highly substituted pyrrolidines (proline analogs) was achieved by solid-phase organic synthesis using a three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a resin bound azomethine ylide. The synthesis utilizes a series of hydroxybenzaldehydes attached to Wang's resin via a Mitsunobu coupling followed by reaction with an alpha-amino ester and a maleimide. The solid phase reaction is utilized to obtain 3a as a single component. Alternatively, the reaction may be performed using an equimolar mixture of resins to afford a defined product mixture 4a-i as determined by LC-MS analysis.
Response sequences following “wrongs” in a concept task

Two hundred and forty Ss were run on one of 12 fixed sequences of stimuli which varied along two dimensions. Each S was required to make one of two responses on each trial; regardless of which response was made, it was called “wrong.” The frequencies with which response sequences occurred were tabulated. It was suggested that a simple stimulus-response model might fit the data at least as well as hypothesis-sampling models employing memory parameters.
The Bilingual Brain Revisited: A Comment on Hagen (2008)

L.K. Hagen (2008; Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 43-63) proposes that effortless first acquisition compared to more difficult second language acquisition provides evidence that the monolinguistic nature of our ancestral social environments implies a near-constant state of intergroup conflict. I argue to the contrary that the capacity to acquire multiple languages simultaneously in childhood without decrement to first language acquisition suggests that there was selection pressure for multilingualism. I further argue that this cognitive capacity is evidence for an ancestral environment in which distinct groups commingled (e.g., through long-term trading and marriage relationships) in relative security.
The relative impact of psoriasis and obesity on socioeconomic and medical outcomes in psoriasis patients

Background Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that is associated with obesity. Independently, both psoriasis and obesity likely impose impressive physical and psychosocial burdens on affected patients. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative impact of body mass index (BMI) on the socioeconomic status, medical co-morbidities, and current and chronic quality of life of psoriasis patients. Methods Overall, 114 subjects were examined and asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding disabilities, relationships, education, as well as medical and economic outcomes. Participants also answered the ten questions used in the Dermatology Life Quality Index modified to ask ‘over the last week’, ‘over the last year’ and ‘over your lifetime with psoriasis’. Survey responses were compared amongst the three patient groups based on BMI (normal, overweight, obese). Results Patients with elevated BMI were more likely to rate their general health lower (P < 0.001), believe that psoriasis caused their weight gain (P = 0.014), experience sleep problems over their lifetime (P = 0.016), hide their psoriasis over their lifetime (P = 0.010), have their self-confidence affected by their psoriasis over their lifetime (P = 0.011) and avoid common activities over their lifetime (P = 0.012). Conclusion There are long-term negative effects of elevated BMI that impose additional burdens on psoriasis patients, including impairments in sleep quality and increased social anxiety.
Memory effect in electron glasses: Theoretical analysis via a percolation approach

We present a theory for the memory effect in electron glasses. In fast gate voltage sweeps it is manifested as a dip in the conductivity around the equilibration gate voltage. We show that this feature, also known as anomalous field effect, arises from the long-time persistence of correlations in the electronic configuration. We argue that the gate voltage at which the memory dip saturates is related to an instability caused by the injection of a critical number of excess carriers. This saturation threshold naturally increases with temperature. On the other hand, we argue that the gate voltage beyond which memory is erased, is temperature independent. Using standard percolation arguments, we calculate the anomalous field effect as a function of gate voltage, temperature, carrier density, and disorder. Our results are consistent with experiments, and in particular, they reproduce the observed scaling of the width of the memory dip with various parameters.
Guiding teaching with assessments: high school chemistry teachers’ use of data-driven inquiry

Data-driven inquiry (DDI) is the process by which teachers design and implement classroom assessments and use student results to inform/adjust teaching. Although much has been written about DDI, few details exist about how teachers conduct this process on a day-to-day basis in any specific subject area, let alone chemistry. Nineteen high school chemistry teachers participated in semi-structured interviews regarding how they used assessments to inform teaching. Results are reported for each step in the DDI process. Goals – there was a lack in specificity of learning and instructional goals and goals stated were not conducive to informing instruction. Evidence – at least once, all teachers determined student learning based solely on scores and/or subscores, suggesting an over-reliance on these measures. Conclusions – many teachers claimed that students either did or did not “understand” a topic, but the teachers did not adequately describe what this means. Actions – very few teachers listed a specific action as a result of analyzing student data, while the majority gave multiple broad pedagogical strategies to address content deficiencies. The results of this study show the limitations of teachers' DDI practices and inform how professional development on DDI should have a finer grain size and be based in disciplinary content.
Experiments in filtering discrete Markov random fields to textures

The authors examine two important problems, estimation and goodness of fit, in modeling binary single-texture images by discrete Markov random fields. A methodology for comparing parameter estimators is proposed and applied to evaluate four estimation procedures. The classes of models considered are four-parameter Derin-Elliot models and four-parameter autobinomial models with second-order neighborhoods. A Min- chi /sup 2/ estimator is proposed and shown to outperform estimators described in the literature. The methodology is based on a hardcore sampling process over the parameter space and a Wilcoxon rank-sum statistic. A static for assessing the goodness of fit between a specific model and an arbitrary texture image is also proposed and used in a Monte Carlo ranking test. The statistic is experimentally validated on synthetic textures. Experiments on natural textures suggest that second-order binary models do not fit natural textures well. >
Duality and Decomposition in Mathematical Programming

The problem considered is that of obtaining solutions to large nonlinear mathematical programs by coordinated solution of smaller subproblems. If all functions in the original problem are additively separable, this can be done by finding a saddle point for the associated Lagrangian function. Coordination is then accomplished by shadow prices, with these prices chosen to solve a dual program. Characteristics of the dual program are investigated, and an algorithm is proposed in which subproblems are solved for given shadow prices. These solutions provide the value and gradient of the dual function, and this information is used to update the shadow prices so that the dual problem is brought closer to solution. Application to two classes of problems is given. The first class is one whose constraints describe a system of coupled subsystems; the second is a class of multi-item inventory problems whose decision variables may be discrete.
1,3‐Pentadiene

[504-60-9] C5H8 (MW 68.13) InChI = 1S/C5H8/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H,1H2,2H3 InChIKey = PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1574-41-0] InChI = 1S/C5H8/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H,1H2,2H3/b5-4- InChIKey = PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-PLNGDYQASA-N [2004-70-8] InChI = 1S/C5H8/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H,1H2,2H3/b5-4+ InChIKey = PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (widely used diene for Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions;1 common ligand in transition metal–pentadienyl complexes2) Alternate Name: piperylene. Physical Data: cis: mp –141 °C; bp 44 °C; d 0.691 g cm−3. trans: mp −87.5 °C; bp 42 °C; d 0.683 g cm−3. Mixture of isomers: bp 42 °C; d 0.683 g cm−3. Solubility: sol alcohol, acetone, ether, benzene, heptane; insol H2O. Form Supplied in: widely available as cis isomer, trans isomer, and as a mixture of isomers. Purification: colorless liquid distilled from NaBH4; purified by preparative gas chromatography. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: flammable liquid, irritant.
Expression of synaptotagmin in Drosophila reveals transport and localization of synaptic vesicles to the synapse

Synaptotagmin is a synaptic vesicle-specific integral membrane protein that has been suggested to play a key role in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. By monitor ing Synaptotagmin’s cellular and subcellular distribution during development, it is possible to study synaptic vesicle localization and transport, and synapse formation. We have initiated the study of Synaptotag min’s expression during Drosophila neurogenesis in order to follow synaptic vesicle movement prior to and during synapse formation, as well as to localize synaptic sites in Drosophila. In situ hybridizations to wholemount embryos show that synaptotagmin (syt) message is present in the cell bodies of all peripheral nervous system neurons and many, if not all, central nervous system neurons during neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, and in mature neurons. Immunocytochemical staining with antisera specific to Synaptotagmin indicates that the protein is present at all stages of the Drosophila life cycle following germ band retraction. In embryos, Synaptotagmin is only transiently localized to the cell body of neurons and is transported rapidly along axons during axonogenesis. After synapse formation, Synaptotagmin accumulates in a punctate pattern at all identifiable synaptic contact sites, suggesting a general role for Synaptotagmin in synapse function. In embryos and larvae, the most intense staining is found along two broad longitudinal tracts on the dorsal side of the ventral nerve cord and the brain, and at neuromuscular junctions in the periphery. In the adult head, Synapto tagmin localizes to discrete regions of the neurophil where synapses are predicted to occur. These data indicate that synaptic vesicles are present in axons before synapse formation, and become restricted to synaptic contact sites after synapses are formed. Since a similar expression pattern of Synaptotagmin has been reported in mammals, we propose that the function of Synapto tagmin and the mechanisms governing localization of the synaptic vesicle before and after synapse formation are conserved in invertebrate and vertebrate species. The ability to mark synapses in Drosophila should facilitate the study of synapse formation and function, providing a new tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. SUMMARY
Adsorption of dodecyl trimethylammonium and hexadecyl trimethylammonium onto kaolinite - : Competitive adsorption and chain length effect

Adsorption of dodecyl trimethylammonium (DDTMA) and hexadecyl trimethylammonium (HDTMA) from single and mixed surfactant solutions onto kaolinite was investigated in this study. It was found that the surfactant chain length had minimal effects on the amount of cations desorbed. In contrast, the amounts of surfactant and counterion bromide adsorbed were strongly affected by surfactant chain lengths. Compared to DDTMA, HDTMA and counterion bromide adsorption was much higher. This fact further verified that both cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction played an important role in cationic surfactant adsorption on negatively charge mineral surfaces. The results also indicate that chain length has a minimal influence on surfactant adsorption via cation exchange, but a longer chain length promotes stronger hydrophobic interaction and thus, resulted in a higher surfactant adsorption.
Glucose tolerance and physical fitness: An epidemiologic study in an entire community

Summary. A modification of the Harvard Step Test was administered to approximately 4700 males and females, age 10-69 in Tecumseh, Michigan. Heart rate response to this standardized exercise test is an estimate of capacity for muscular work. A blood sample was drawn 1 h after a glucose challenge on the same day the exercise test was given. Four skinfolds were measured as an index of body fatness. It was the purpose of this analysis to study the relationship of glucose tolerance to heart rate response to exercise. All analyses were done in age and sex-specific sub-groups. The correlation coefficients are low but positive in all but one sub-group and half of the coefficients are statistically significant. This suggests that poor fitness for work (high heart rate in response to exercise) was related, albeit weakly, to lowered glucose tolerance. However, there is a positive relationship between body fatness on the one hand and serum glucose and heart rate response to exercise on the other. When the effect of body fatness was eliminated the relationship of heart rate response to exercise and glucose tolerance remained about the same; low but statistically significant in some age groups.
Recent Developments in SiC Homoepitaxy Using Dichlorosilane for High Power Devices

Thick and high quality 4H-SiC epilayers have been grown in a vertical hot-wall chemical vapor deposition system at a high growth rate on (0001) 8 0 off-axis substrates. We discuss the use of dichlorosilane as the Si-precursor for 4H-SiC epitaxial growth as it provides the most direct decomposition route into SiCl 2 , which is the predominant growth species in chlorinated chemistries. The RMS roughness of the films ranged from 0.5-2.0 nm with very few morphological defects (carrots, triangular defects, etc.) being introduced, while enabling growth rates of 30-100 μm/hr, 5-15 times higher than most conventional growths. A specular surface morphology was attained by limiting the hydrogen etch rate until the system was equilibrated at the desired growth temperature. Site-competition epitaxy was observed over a wide range of C/Si ratios, with doping concentrations as low as 2x10 14 cm -3 being recorded. X-ray rocking curves indicated that the epilayers were of high crystallinity, with linewidths as narrow as 7.8 arcsec being observed, while microwave photoconductive decay (μPCD) measurements indicated that these films had high injection (ambipolar) carrier lifetimes in the range of 2 μs. These films also appeared to be free of polytype inclusions.
Land, Labor, Capital and Sectional Interests in the National Politics of Sri Lanka *

The economy which evolved during the last phase of Sri Lanka's colonial rule under the British (1796–1948) has been the subject of increasing scholarly attention in the recent years. Much of the writing which has emerged is descriptive by nature; the concern has been to lay bare the manner in which the economy took its shape and not to provide an analytical framework to explain the developments of the colonial era. This is not to say that conceptualizing has been wholly absent. Indeed, one particular conceptual treatment of the economy of British Sri Lanka has produced an interpretation which has gained wide currency and it has now acquired considerable influence over the economic literature concerned with the country.
The Not‐So‐Simple Process of Sickle Cell Vasoocclusion

Traditional concepts of sickle cell disease as a monogenically inherited disorder that is understood completely on the basis of polymerization based pathophysiology are more simple that what clinical observations allow. Detailed explications of the determinants of polymerization can be counted, but these do not account for all aspects of sickle cell disease. Neither can all perturbations that count in the course of sickle cell disease be counted as determinants of polymerization. The polymerization based theory that has been extrapolated to describe clinical disease often is not identical to clinical reality. Although contemporary understandings of sickle cell pathophysiology have been described as crazy by those bound to traditional polymerization based understandings, increasingly iconoclastic, seemingly crazy notions are regularly providing important new understandings of sickle cell disease. One of the major challenges to contemporary investigators is to describe new scientific insights in a way that can be understood by others, particularly those reluctant to afford polymerization independent discoveries validity among the interdependent processes that account for sickle cell disease.
A Novel Cysteine Cross-linking Method Reveals a Direct Association between Claudin-1 and Tetraspanin CD9

Tetraspanins serve as molecular organizers of multiprotein microdomains in cell membranes. Hence to understand functions of tetraspanin proteins, it is critical to identify laterally interacting partner proteins. Here we used a novel technical approach involving exposure and cross-linking of membrane-proximal cysteines coupled with LC-MS/MS protein identification. In this manner we identified nine potential tetraspanin CD9 partners, including claudin-1. Chemical cross-linking yielded a CD9-claudin-1 heterodimer, thus confirming direct association and adding claudin-1 to the short list of proteins that can directly associate with CD9. Interaction of CD9 (and other tetraspanins) with claudin-1 was supported by subcellular colocalization and was confirmed in multiple cell lines, although other claudins (claudin-2, -3, -4, -5, and -7) associated to a much lesser extent. Moreover claudin-1 was distributed very similarly to CD9 in sucrose gradients and, like CD9, was released from A431 and A549 cells upon cholesterol depletion. These biochemical features of claudin-1 are characteristic of tetraspanin microdomain proteins. Although claudins are major structural components of intercellular tight junctions, CD9-claudin-1 complexes did not reside in tight junctions, and depletion of key tetraspanins (CD9 and CD151) by small interfering RNA had no effect on paracellular permeability. However, tetraspanin depletion did cause a marked decrease in the stability of newly synthesized claudin-1. In conclusion, these results (a) validate a technical approach that appears to be particularly well suited for identifying protein partners directly associated with tetraspanins or with other proteins that contain membrane-proximal cysteines and (b) provide insight into how non-junctional claudins may be regulated in the context of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains.
Retrieval of Dry Snow Parameters from Radiometric Data Using a Dense Medium Model and Genetic Algorithms

A numerical technique based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is used to invert the equations of an electromagnetic model based on dense-medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT) to retrieve snow depth, mean grain size, and fractional volume from microwave brightness temperatures. In order to study the sensitivity of the GA to its parameters, the technique is initially tested on simulated microwave data with and without adding a random noise. A configuration of GA parameters is selected and used for the retrieval of snow parameters from both ground-based observations and brightness temperatures recorded by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E). Retrieved snow parameters are then compared with those measured on ground. Although more investigation is required, results suggest that the proposed technique is able to retrieve snow parameters with good accuracy
Association of gastrointestinal involvement and depressive symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis

Objectives. SSc-associated gastrointestinal tract involvement (SSc-GIT) is an important predictor of depressive symptoms. University of California at Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract 2.0 (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0) is a 34-item valid instrument that captures GIT symptom severity and impact on quality of life. It has seven GI-specific scales and a total GIT score. The objectives were to assess: (i) whether there is an association between depressed mood with GI symptom scales as assessed by the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 instrument; and (ii) to explore which GI-specific symptom scales are associated with depressed mood in patients with SSc. Methods. One hundred and fifty-two patients with SSc completed the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression scale (CES-D10). Patients were divided into depressed (CES-D5 10) or non-depressed group (CES-D < 10) and compared using t-test or chi-square test. Multiple linear regression was used to determine associations between GI scales and depressed mood (CES-D). Results. Study participants were 84% female, 78% Caucasian and 40% had depressed mood (CES-D105 10). Patients with depressed mood had statistically worse GI scale scores (except fecal soilage) and worse total GIT score (P < 0.05). In the multivariable model reflux and constipation scales were independently associated with worse CES-D scores (P = 0.010.06) Conclusion. SSc-GIT involvement is associated with depressed mood. Reflux and constipation scales of UCLA-SCTC GIT 2.0 were independently associated with CES-D. Future studies should assess if treatment of GIT symptoms will improve depressed mood in patients with SSc-GIT.
Fit and vigilant: the relationship between poorer aerobic fitness and failures in sustained attention during preadolescence.

With the growing trend toward engagement in sedentary behaviors during childhood, a greater understanding of the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition during development is of increasing importance. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to assess the extent to which failures in sustained attention may underlie deficits in cognition associated with poorer aerobic fitness. Method: A sample of 62 preadolescent children between the ages of 9 and 10 years were separated into higherand lower-fit groups according to their cardiorespiratory fitness. Results: Findings indicated that lower-fit children exhibited poorer overall response accuracy during a task requiring aspects of cognitive control relative to their higher-fit counterparts, with a disproportionately greater number of errors of omission, and longer, more frequent sequential errors of omission. Conclusions: These findings suggest that poorer vigilance may contribute to deficits in cognitive control associated with poorer aerobic fitness.
Independence Through Social Networks: Bridging Potential Among Older Women and Men

Objectives. Most studies of older adults’ social networks focus on their access to dense networks that yield access to social support. This paper documents gender differences in the extent to which older adults maintain a related, but distinct, form of social capital—bridging potential, which involves serving as a tie between two unconnected parties and thus boosts independence and control of everyday social life. Methods. I use egocentric social network data from a national sample of 3,005 older adults—collected in 2005–2006 by the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project—to compare older men’s and women’s network bridging potential using multivariate regression analysis. Results. Older women are more likely than older men to have bridging potential in their networks—between both kin and non-kin contacts. These gender differences increase with age. Older women are also more likely to have network members who are not connected to or monopolized by their spouse or partner. Some, but not all, of these gender differences are due to the fact that older women have larger social networks and maintain more ties to people outside of the household.
Generalized Eigencoding for MIMO Ad-hoc Networks

We introduce a new noncooperative eigencoding algorithm for MIMO ad hoc networks. The algorithm performs generalized waterfilling with respect to its transmit covariance matrix and the receiving node covariance matrix, both of which can be estimated locally. The algorithm is first developed for narrow band MIMO networks, and then extended to frequency selective fading applications. A cooperative algorithm is also developed as a benchmark in simulations. Simulation results show that our noncooperative algorithm performance is close to that of the cooperative method and is much better than greedy optimization.
Large deformation three-dimensional image registration in image-guided radiation therapy

In this paper, we present and validate a framework, based on deformable image registration, for automatic processing of serial three-dimensional CT images used in image-guided radiation therapy. A major assumption in deformable image registration has been that, if two images are being registered, every point of one image corresponds appropriately to some point in the other. For intra-treatment images of the prostate, however, this assumption is violated by the variable presence of bowel gas. The framework presented here explicitly extends previous deformable image registration algorithms to accommodate such regions in the image for which no correspondence exists. We show how to use our registration technique as a tool for organ segmentation, and present a statistical analysis of this segmentation method, validating it by comparison with multiple human raters. We also show how the deformable registration technique can be used to determine the dosimetric effect of a given plan in the presence of non-rigid tissue motion. In addition to dose accumulation, we describe a method for estimating the biological effects of tissue motion using a linear-quadratic model. This work is described in the context of a prostate treatment protocol, but it is of general applicability.
Toward Compressive Camera Networks

Compressive sensing lets researchers reconstruct high-resolution data from fewer samples, which could alleviate the data deluge in large-scale and multimodal camera networks. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/oVwdIr836WI is a video demonstrating how compressive sensing lets researchers reconstruct high-resolution data from fewer samples, which could alleviate the data deluge in large-scale multimodal camera networks.
Zinc–rs13266634 and the Arrival of Diabetes Pharmacogenetics: The “Zinc Mystique”

Advances in our understanding of the genetics of type 2 diabetes have been astronomical over the past decade with more than 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with modest increases in diabetes risk and differences in related traits such as fasting glucose (1,2). However, these SNPs have contributed more to elucidating biologic pathways than predicting diabetes risk (3). Nonetheless, the most promising work suggests that we are on the cusp of being able to use genetic information to individualize treatment for type 2 diabetes prevention and management (4,5). The promise of pharmacogenetics is predicated on the existence of known individual variation in response to interventions and the strong biologic basis for genetic variation as a primary, immutable difference between individuals. rs13266634 is one of the most consistently replicated diabetes risk variants (odds ratio of 1.14 for the R allele) (6). This SNP encodes a C→T base substitution in the SLC30A8 gene, resulting in a change in the coded protein (Arg325Trp or R325W). The frequency of the diabetes risk R allele is 91.5%, 71.7%, and 56.7% in Africans, Europeans, and Asians, respectively (1,000 Genomes). The SLC30A8 gene encodes zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8). This transporter is specific to pancreatic islets and is …
Infrared studies of cryogenic transitions in poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene

Infrared absorbance measurements as a function of temperature down to 13°K have been made on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. Transition temperatures are assigned to the temperatures where there are abrupt changes in the absorbance or integrated band intensities. Bands of known structural origin arising from either crystal-line or amorphous phases are studied to probe the structure basis and environment effect for each transition. Transitions are found around 50, 120, 180, and 220°K for PET and around 50° and 235°K for polystyrene.
The Dearomatization of Arenes by Dihapto-Coordination

Progress in the development of a dearomatization methodology for arenes based on their dihapto-coordination is reviewed. The fragments {Os(NH3)5}2+, {TpRe(CO)(L)} (where L=1-methylimidazole, pyridine, PMe3, tert-butylisonitrile, NH3) and {TpMo(NO)(MeIm)} form stable η2-coordinate complexes with a wide variety of arenes. The act of coordination greatly reduces the aromatic character of these ligands and, as a consequence, activates them toward various organic reactions. In particular, the addition of carbon-based electrophiles to arenes is notably enhanced relative to this reaction for free aromatic molecules. The resulting arenium intermediates are stabilized by metal back-bonding to the point that they may be isolated and subsequently subjected to a variety of carbon-based nucleophiles. The one-electron oxidation of the metal removes the organic ligand. The overall vicinal-difunctionalization of two ring carbons may be accomplished with excellent stereo- and regiocontrol.
Healing After Myocardial Infarction: A Loosely Defined Process.

Although all physicians probably have a good intuitive sense of the clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction (MI), the clinical definitions of acute MI and healing MI are surprisingly imprecise. The redefinition of acute myocardial infarction in 2000 centered squarely on clinical
Unitary orbits in 1-dimensional NCCW complexes

Abstract Let A be a 1-dimensional NCCW complex. In this paper, it is shown that the usual distance d U defined on the approximate unitary equivalence classes (unitary orbits) of self-adjoints in A is equal to a distance d W defined on morphisms from the Cuntz semigroup of C 0 ( 0 , 1 ] to Cu ( A ) . In addition, another distance d P on approximately unitary equivalence classes related to spectral information of positive elements in the classes is proved to be equal to d U and d W on simple unital inductive limits of 1-dimensional NCCW complexes.
Extracellular Calcium Regulates Responses of Both α3- and α7-Containing Nicotinic Receptors on Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons

Neuronal nicotinic receptors are generally both permeable to calcium and potentiated by it. We have examined acute calcium regulation of both native alpha7-containing and the less abundant alpha3-containing nicotinic receptors on chick ciliary ganglion neurons. Most of the receptors are concentrated on somatic spines tightly overlaid in situ by a large presynaptic calyx. Whole cell patch-clamp recording from dissociated neurons using perforated patch-clamp techniques indicates that the rapidly desensitizing nicotinic response of alpha7-containing receptors achieves maximum amplitude in 2 mM calcium; both lower and higher concentrations of calcium are less effective. Barium and strontium but not magnesium can substitute for calcium in potentiating the response. Neither calcium current through the receptors nor calcium action at intracellular sites is necessary. These latter conclusions are supported by current-voltage analysis of the nicotine-induced response, ion substitution experiments, and internal perfusion of the cells with 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) via a conventional patch pipette. Varying the agonist concentration indicates that some of the calcium-dependent enhancement may involve a shift in the dose-response curve for agonist binding, but much of the effect is also likely to involve increased receptor responsiveness. Blockade of alpha7-containing receptors with alpha-bungarotoxin showed that the heteromeric alpha3-containing nicotinic receptors also undergo calcium-dependent potentiation. Calcium did not have a major effect on the desensitization rate of either receptor class but did have a selective effect on the rise time of alpha7-containing receptors. Analysis of stably transfected cells expressing an alpha7 gene construct showed that the calcium potentiation observed for native receptors did not require neuron-specific modifications or components and that it could be seen with the natural agonist acetylcholine. Receptor dependence on extracellular calcium may provide a regulatory mechanism for constraining synaptic signaling, avoiding local depletion of external calcium, and limiting calcium buildup in postsynaptic compartments.
A Flap-Based Gust Generation System for Hair Sensor Investigations

Active and passive hair sensors (also called micro-pillar sensors) have been developed by several international research groups. Aerodynamic testing of the sensors for low-Reynolds number vehicles has been limited to canonical steady and unsteady flows such as FalknerSkan boundary layer studies and wave-tube investigations. A dual-flap system was created to produce two-dimensional, low-speed unsteady flows resembling large scale atmospheric gusts in a wind tunnel at Baylor University. The system enables investigations of active and passive hair sensor behavior on small air vehicles, aircraft wings, and aerodynamic bodies. The flaps are mounted on the floor and ceiling of the wind tunnel test section and are actuated using stepper motors and crank-rocker mechanisms. Optics from an inspection microscope and a digital camera with a three-axis positioning system are used to measure passive fiber response in steady and unsteady flows. A rotary stage enables vehicle attitude investigations, and a six degree-of-freedom load cell from JR3 Inc. enables comparisons of fiber response timescales to vehicle dynamic timescales. An x-array, hot-wire probe is used to measure the unsteady flows produced by the gust system. Acquired through a recent NSF Major Research Instrumentation award, a high-speed, stereoscopic PIV system is also available for characterization of the unsteady flows produced using the flap system. The results of several validation studies are presented. The validation studies include: 1) surveys of the unsteady flow across the cross-section of the wind tunnel, 2) measurements of fiber deflection in steady and unsteady flows over a tapered wing based on a NACA 0012 airfoil, and 3) a comparison of synchronized measurements of aerodynamic loading on a swept wing, deflection of passive hair sensor, and hot-wire velocity measurements during an unsteady flow.
Fiscal analysis of revenue planning and preparation

In order to keep all kinds of activities in an enterprise operation in the limit accepted legally,and decrease the revenue payout and revenue costs,we discussed respectively the features and calculation methods of revenue planning and preparation based on different tax system such as audit,tax rate and income for an enterprise to lower its tax payout,enjoy favorable revenue policy.
Detection of Fas on peripheral blood mononulear cell membrane and the serum soluble Fas and TNFα of the patients with myasthenia gravis

Aim: To investigate the relationship of lymphocyte apoptosis and myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods: The serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) were isolated from 20 patients with MG and 20 normal people, respectively. Fas molecule on PBMC surface was analyzed by flow cytometry. The serum soluble Fas(sFas) and TNFα were detected by ELISA.Results: Compared with the normal control, the level of serum sFas and TNFα of MG patients were significantly higher (P0.01),and Fas expression on PBMC surface was lower (P0.05). Conclusion: The abnormal changes of Fas molecule, serum sFas, and TNFα may be associated with the genesis of MG.
SU‐F‐I‐37: How Fat Distribution and Table Height Affect Estimates of Patient Size in CT Scanning: A Phantom Study

Purpose: Localizer projection radiographs acquired prior to CT scans are used to estimate patient size, affecting the function of Automatic Tube Current Modulation (ATCM) and hence CTDIvol and SSDE. Due to geometric effects, the projected patient size varies with scanner table height and with the orientation of the localizer (AP versus PA). This study sought to determine if patient size estimates made from localizer scans is affected by variations in fat distribution, specifically when the widest part of the patient is not at the geometric center of the patient. Methods: Lipid gel bolus material was wrapped around an anthropomorphic phantom to simulate two different body mass distributions. The first represented a patient with fairly rigid fat and had a generally oval shape. The second was bell-shaped, representing corpulent patients more susceptible to gravity's lustful tug. Each phantom configuration was imaged using an AP localizer and then a PA localizer. This was repeated at various scanner table heights. The width of the phantom was measured from the localizer and diagnostic images using in-house software. Results: 1) The projected phantom width varied up to 39% as table height changed.2) At some table heights, the width of the phantom, designed to represent larger patients, exceeded the localizer field of view, resulting in an underestimation of the phantom width.3) The oval-shaped phantom approached a normalized phantom width of 1 at a table height several centimeters lower (AP localizer) or higher (PA localizer) than did the bell-shaped phantom. Conclusion: Accurate estimation of patient size from localizer scans is dependent on patient positioning with respect to scanner isocenter and is limited in large patients. Further, patient size is more accurately measured on projection images if the widest part of the patient, rather than the geometric center of the patient, is positioned at scanner isocenter.
Determination of Metastable Transitions in the Mass Spectra of Pesticides by Direct Analysis of Daughter Ions

Observation and analysis of metastable transitions in the mass spectra of organic pesticidal compounds are important not only for studies concerned with the mechanism of fragmentation of ions formed in the mass spectrometer, but also provide information useful for the complete interpretation of mass spectra. Considerations of parentproduct (daughter) ion relationships resulting from metastable studies are extremely valuable if the structure of the molecule must be reconstructed from the fragments. For example, a metastable peak relating two peaks in the fragmentation spectrum indicates that these two peaks arise from one and the same substance. Further, the smaller mass fragment of the pair must of necessity be composed entirely of atoms present in the larger mass fragment from which it arose by a unimolecular reaction mechanism involving generally, simple bond fission or electron transfer.
Status and adobe quality at Fort Fillmore, New Mexico: Old questions, new techniques

Adobe and soil samples from Fort Fillmore (1851–1862), New Mexico, were subjected to various laboratory tests in order to evaluate the nature of adobe decay. Samples were collected from the Officers’ Quarters and the Enlisted Men’s Barracks, so that adobe quality at these two distinctive areas—once housing two distinctive groups of soldiers—could be estimated. Test results provided measures of various agents and processes of adobe decay, such as structural failure or chemical and water activities, and suggested that most of the adobe decay at Fort Fillmore has been due to imperfections in the manufacturing process. Adobe for the Officers’ Quarters was better made than adobe for the barracks. Some tentative explanations for this difference in quality are discussed, including the possibility that it was the result of a symbolic expression of status distinctions.
Ingested Marihuana-Filled Balloons

Three cases of ingestion of balloons containing marihuana are reported. In 2 patients, balloons caused intestinal obstruction. In another patient, there were symptoms of drug overdose when the contents of the balloon spilled into the intestinal tract. Pure marihuana in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reported to cause death by intoxication; however, it may be mixed with more potent substances, especially cocaine. The ingested drug or drugs should be identified as soon as possible to avoid lethal intoxication if a balloon ruptures. A balloon containing drugs will usually pass spontaneously through an uncompromised gastrointestinal tract. Nonoperative management seems appropriate if the substance has been determined to be only marihuana.
Detection of internally infested popcorn using electrically conductive roller mills

Abstract To detect popcorn kernels infested by the internal feeding stored-product insect pest Sitophilus zeamais , maize weevil, a laboratory roller mill was modified so that the electrical conductivity of the grain is measured while the kernels are milled between the rolls. When a kernel with a S. zeamais larvae inside is milled, the moisture from the crushed insect abruptly changes the conductivity of the test circuit. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of the modified conductance mill to detect popcorn infested with different developmental stages. Two laboratory milling units were tested that had differing sharpness, which affected the feed-rate through the rolls. One mill averaged 135 s to feed 1 kg of popcorn while the second mill with sharper teeth averaged 100 s to feed 1 kg of popcorn. Four popcorn varieties were evaluated, with their average kernel weight ranging from 12.5 g to 18.5 g per 100 kernels. Known numbers of infested popcorn kernels were added to 1 kg samples of popcorn. The slower feeding mill detected 81% of the pupae, 91% of the medium larvae, and 47% of the small larvae. The faster feeding mill detected 75% of the pupae, 80% of the medium larvae, and 43% of the small larvae. Our results indicate that the conductance mill is a good method for quickly evaluating popcorn samples for kernels infested with late stage larvae and pupae.
Design and development of a passive bioaerosol sampler using polarized ferroelectric polymer film

Abstract Passive samplers are needed to collect bioaerosols over broad spatiotemporal scales. Here, we present the design and development process of a novel, passive bioaerosol sampler using polarized, ferroelectric polymer film (poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF). First, the elution efficiencies of spiked bacteria and fungal spores from PVDF, prototype film holder materials (3D-printed plastics), and controls (PTFE filters and electrostatic dust cloths) were investigated. Second, a wind tunnel was used to determine optimal air channel widths between parallel sheets of PVDF for efficient collection of charge neutralized and non-charge neutralized test particles in viral, bacterial and fungal size ranges flowing with typical indoor air velocities. Particle collection efficiencies were then compared for PVDF, a PVDF copolymer (77% PVDF, 23% TrFE) and control materials (polyvinylchloride and polyfluoroalkoxy alkane). Third, a calm air settling chamber was used for proof of concept tests. Spiked microorganisms were removed with 100% elution efficiency from the PVDF and 3D-print materials. PVDF gave significantly greater collection efficiency (~30%) when using air channel widths of 2.25 mm compared to other tested widths (p
Schedule Risk Management of IT Outsourcing Project Using Negotiation Mechanism

Schedule risk control is a very important issue for the success of IT outsourcing project. There are two independent agents in IT outsourcing project, which is the client and the vendor, the two sides need to reach an agreement on the schedule and cost of the project. However, traditional schedule risk control methods haven’t taken this characteristic of IT outsourcing into account. Given that, this paper analyze the characteristic of IT outsourcing with negotiation mechanism. We formulate the negotiation protocol that the two sides need to obey in the process of negotiation, design the decision making model and concession functions. Based on the simulation results, the effectiveness of the negotiation mechanism is verified. We also analyzed the influence of maximum negotiation rounds and concession factors on the negotiation results.
Parametrization of all Linear Compensators for Discrete-time Stochastic Bilinear Systems

Abstract For discrete-time stochastic bilinear systems, this paper presents a characterization of all state covariances assignable by linear controller schemes and a parametrization of all controllers that achieve a desired covariance. These results indirectly provide the parametrization of all linear fixed-order compensators which are mean square stabilizing for this class of systems. The paper also includes robustificauon of the derived compensators