cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ontology-based design information extraction and retrieval

Because of the increasing complexity of products and the design process, as well as the popularity of computer-aided documentation tools, the number of electronic and textual design documents being generated has exploded. The availability of such extensive document resources has created new challenges and opportunities for research. These include improving design information retrieval to achieve a more coherent environment for design exploration, learning, and reuse. One critical issue is related to the construction of a structured representation for indexing design documents that record engineers' ideas and reasoning processes for a specific design. This representation should explicitly and accurately capture the important design concepts as well as the relationships between these concepts so that engineers can locate their documents of interest with less effort. For design information retrieval, we propose to use shallow natural language processing and domain-specific design ontology to automatically construct a structured and semantics-based representation from unstructured design documents. The design concepts and relationships of the representation are recognized from the document based on the identified linguistic patterns. The recognized concepts and relationships are joined to form a concept graph. The integration of these concept graphs builds an application-specific design ontology, which can be seen as the structured representation of the content of the corporate document repository, as well as an automatically populated knowledge base from previous designs. To improve the performance of design information retrieval, we have developed ontology-based query processing, where users' requests are interpreted based on their domain-specific meanings. Our approach contrasts with the traditionally used keyword-based search. An experiment to test the retrieval performance is conducted by using the design documents from a product design scenario. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms the keyword-based search techniques. This research contributes to the development and use of engineering ontology for design information retrieval.
Poverty, Race, and Medication Use Are Correlates of Asthma Hospitalization Rates: A Small Area Analysis in Boston

Hospitalization rates for asthma in New York City are highest in poor urban neighborhoods, although the reasons for this are unknown. We performed a small area analysis of asthma hospitalization rates in Boston, to determine whether this pattern of asthma hospitalization also obtained in a medium-sized city and to identify characteristics of neighborhoods with high hospitalization rates, including the relative use of inhaled anti-inflammatory medication. Zip codes were used to define 22 small areas within Boston. The number of asthma hospitalizations for residents of each area in 1992 was obtained from the Codman Research Group. Population and demographic characteristics of each area were obtained from the 1990 US Census. Estimates of inhaled asthma medications (beta-agonists, steroids, and cromolyn) dispensed in each area in 1992 were obtained from IMS America. Asthma hospitalization rates for each of the six areas with the highest rates (5.3 to 9.8 per 1,000 persons) were significantly greater than the city-wide average of 4.2 hospitalizations per thousand persons (p < 0.001 for each comparison). Asthma hospitalization rate was positively correlated with poverty rate and with the proportion of nonwhite residents and inversely correlated with income and educational attainment. Asthma hospitalization rate was inversely correlated with the ratio of inhaled anti-inflammatory to beta-agonist medication use (r = -0.55, p = 0.008). We conclude that asthma hospitalization rates in Boston are highest in poor inner city neighborhoods, and that these high rates affect both genders and all age groups. Underuse of inhaled anti-inflammatory medication may be one of the many factors that contributes to this excess hospitalization.
Families of Periodic Orbits Continued in Regularizing Coordinates

A predictor-corrector algorithm is proposed for continuing analytically families of periodic orbits beyond collision trajectories in the restricted problem of three bodies. It is based on Hill's equation for normal variations in Thiele's regularizing coordinates.
Advanced CDU improvement for 22nm and below

ArF water immersion lithography is expected to be used down to the 22nm hp node or below. However, such advancements in technology nodes have led to extremely small process margins. This necessitates more accurate means of process control. CD uniformity of the photo-resist (PR) image is affected by many sources. In the case of the exposure tool-CD error on the reticle, as well as exposure dose and focus errors are the key factors. For the PR process, heterogeneity of the stacked PR film thickness, post exposure bake (PEB) plate temperature, and development have an impact. Further, the process wafer also has error sources that include under-layer uniformity and wafer flatness. Fortunately, the majority of these factors is quite stable in a volume production process and can be compensated for by adjusting exposure dose and focus in the scanner. A technique to calculate exposure dose and focus correction values simultaneously from the measured PR image feature was reported previously [1]. In addition, a demonstration of a correction loop using a neural network calculation model was reported in SPIE 2010 [2], and the corrected CD uniformity was less than 1.5 nm (3-sigma) within the wafer. In this paper, we will report the latest CD uniformity correction results achieved with the NSR-S620D ArF immersion scanner using correction values estimated by scatterometry and CD-SEM. The method of correction using CD-SEM is newly developed. A maximum of nine parameters extracted from the PR profile are used in this correction. In general, the CD variation of an isolated line pattern caused by focus error is more sensitive than that of a dense pattern. Thus, we estimate the focus error from the isolated pattern, with the dose error estimated using both isolated and dense patterns. The Nikon CDU Master then derives the optimal control parameters for each compensation function in the scanner using the exposure dose and focus correction data, and the NSR-S620D is able to control higher order dose and focus distribution. This advanced level of control capabilities enables precise correction of the complicated CD error distribution that is caused by heterogeneities in the process.
Aging and reversal of soman-induced effects on neuromuscular function with oximes in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase which has been inhibited by soman (methyl pinacolyl phosphonofluoridate) undergoes “aging,” a process of conversion of the phosphonylated enzyme to a form which is not reactivatable by nucleophilic oximes. In the isolated enzyme system, about 50% of the inhibited enzyme is nonreactivatable in 2 minutes. In the intact anterior tibial muscle of the rat, functional reactivation of the soman-inhibited enzyme and recovery of soman-inhibited function can be obtained when the oxime is administered intravenously with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The degree of recovery of function is time dependent. Complete recovery of function can be obtained within 5 minutes, whereas only partial recovery of function occurs when the oxime-DMSO mixture is injected intravenously 10 minutes after intravenous injection of soman. Evidence is presented which indicates that in the intact animal, DMSO acts primarily to enhance the transfer of the oxime to the site of the soman-inhibited enzyme.
Stability and oscillations in systems containing one or more single-valued symmetric nonlinearities

Abstract This paper presents a graphical technique for determining the existence of limit cycles in single-loop feedback systems. The method is based upon the open-loop frequency response data of the individual elements, and is applicable to systems containing any number of single-valued, symmetric nonlinearities, separated by low-pass linear elements. The approach presented has the advantage of decoupling the effects of the non-linearities which allows us to study separately the effects of each nonlinear element on the overall system. In addition, a criterion is derived which relates the slopes of the input-output curves of the nonlinearities (or the slopes of their describing functions) to the stability of the oscillations. Two examples with analog computer simulations are given.
Some considerations on the scattering of unstable particles by stable particles in the strong interactions

We investigate the scattering of three stable particles into three stable particles through the intermediary of an unstable particle or resonant state in both the initial and final states. The incoming unstable particle may be different from the outgoing unstable particle. Two cases are discussed: 1) The scattering interaction between unstable and stable particles is not singular. In the limit of vanishing widths the expression for the cross-section reduces to that describing the collision of two stable particles. 2) The interaction between unstable and stable particles is singular because of the exchange of a real particle (Peierls’ mechanism). In case 2), in the limit of vanishing widths, the cross-section is singular in the physical region. Further, in this case, the manner of preparation of the initial three-particle state is found to be significant in discussing the process.
Paul Broca and the first craniotomy based on cerebral localization.

✓ Paul Broca (1824–1880) was a well-known French surgeon-anthropologist-neurologist. Best known for his work on cerebral cortical localization and speech mechanisms, Broca also carefully worked out skull and scalp localization for underlying cortical regions. In 1871, Broca treated a man who had sustained a scalp laceration from a blow to the head without loss of consciousness or skull fracture. The patient exhibited a nonfluent aphasia about 1 month after injury and became progressively obtunded and eventually comatose. Suspecting an intracranial abscess, Broca trephined at the region of the left third frontal convolution and drained an epidural abscess. The patient improved transiently but died a few days later. Autopsy showed a left-sided, predominantly frontal purulent meningoencephalitis. Broca's other neurosurgical contributions included various surgical cases, methods for scalp localization of the cerebral convolutions, extensive studies of skull and brain abnormalities, thermoencephalography, and ...
The effect of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus on the lipid order and composition of rat cerebral microvessels.

Abstract To determine whether diabetes mellitus alters the lipid order and composition of cerebral microvessels, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were studied after 5 weeks of chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes did not affect membrane order or the thermotropic transition temperature of cerebral microvessels as determined from the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-dephenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). The cholesterol, phospholipid and fatty acid composition of isolated cerebral microvessels was also not significantly affected in diabetic rats. On the other hand, the cerebral microvessels of diabetic rats had significantly increased concentration of lipid peroxidation byproducts, namely conjugated dienes (the calculated O.D./mg phospholipids was 6.98±0.52 in controls and 11.82±0.40 in diabetic rats ( P
Catalysis and surface chemistry: III. The adsorption of pyridine on molybdena-alumina catalysts

Abstract Only Lewis-bound pyridine (LPy) was detected in infrared spectra from pyridine which had been adsorbed on Ketjen Alumina (CK-300) and then evacuated to successively higher temperatures. Exposure to H 2 O lowered the intensity of the LPy bands. On the oxidized forms of molybdena-, chromia-, rhenia-, and tungsta-alumina catalysts (made with CK-300) both LPy and pyridinium ion (BPy) were observed. The amount of BPy present was increased by added-back H 2 O; lowering the pretreatment temperature had the same effect. On reduction, the ability of the catalyst to generate BPy was eliminated although a sufficient extent of reduction was difficult to achieve with the tungsta-alumina catalyst. Added-back H 2 O did not produce BPy on reduced catalysts. Coverage with LPy and BPy and heats of adsorption were estimated in separate experiments. These findings appear to be in conflict with our earlier assumption that the facile isomerization of cyclopropane over reduced molybdena-alumina is effected by acid catalysis.
Biology of the Tuliptree scale, Toumeyella liriodendri (Homoptera: Coccidae).

The tuliptree scale, Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin) is a pest of yellow-poplar reproduction. By removing the sap, scale attacks on seedlings, saplings, and poletimber result in distorted, low-vigor, or dead trees. The taxonomic history of the scale, distribution, and secondary hosts is given. The scale has 1 generation per year; crawler production begins in August. Dispersal is via windblown crawlers. Mating occurs in June, and the females produce copious amounts of honeydew from June through August. Important biotic control agents include larvae of a predaceous moth Laetilia coccidivora (Comstock); a ladybird beetle, Hyperaspis proba proba (Say); and a parasitic syrphid fly, Baccha costata Say. Ants that collect honeydew suppress the biotic agents, so scale populations are large. The excretory behavior of the scale is altered when tended by honeydew-feeding ants; honeydew is excreted slowly rather than forcefully. Physical factors such as ice, snow, and temperature extremes produce scale mortality.
Pyridyl-phenyl ether monoamine reuptake inhibitors: Impact of lipophilicity on dual SNRI pharmacology and off-target promiscuity

Abstract A novel series of pyridyl-phenyl ethers are disclosed, which possess dual 5-HT and NA reuptake pharmacology with good selectivity over dopamine reuptake inhibition. An analysis of the relationship between lipophilicity and pharmacology highlighted that potent dual SNRI activity was only achievable at c log P > 3.5. The series was found to possess significant polypharmacology issues, and we concluded that this off-target promiscuity was related to lipophilicity.
International monetary arrangements in the Asia-Pacific before and after

Abstract This paper assesses the characteristics and policy implications of the international monetary arrangements in the Asia-Pacific pre- and post-July 1997. It first examines the literature on speculative attacks on fixed and managed exchange rate regimes. Since these speculative attacks are more likely to be successful when financial markets are well integrated, it then assesses the degree of financial market integration in the region. Furthermore, as the empirical evidence also suggests a possible role for real exchange rate overvaluation, we examine the evidence regarding misalignment. Using a purchasing power parity (PPP) criterion and a criterion based on a Balassa-Samuelson model, we find mixed evidence of exchange rate overvaluation. Given that our ability to determine the equilibrium real exchange rate is so limited, we caution against a return to a fixed or highly managed exchange rate regime. Finally, we assess how monetary policy and exchange rate policy have interacted over the pre- and post-crisis periods, using a monetary model of exchange rates. JEL classification: F31; F33; F34
Asymmetries and Outflows in the Circumstellar Dust of Mira A

Asymmetries and motions in the dust shell surrounding Mira A (o Ceti) are reported. Measurements were taken with the UC Berkeley Infrared Spatial Interferometer (ISI), a three-element interferometer operating at 11.15 μm. At the time of these observations, it was in a linear, east-west configuration with a maximum baseline of 12 m and thus had a resolution of better than 100 mas. Three years of data (2003-2005) are presented and permit observation of the movement of dust shells over time. Fits are made to the visibility and closure-phase curves, which are then used to create one-dimensional profiles of the dust shells. Asymmetries in the circumstellar dust have been observed, and several possible explanations for these asymmetries are explored.
Feasibility of in vivo human aortic valve modeling using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

Background Surgical techniques for aortic valve (AV) repair are directed toward restoring normal structural relationships in the aortic root and rely on detailed assessment of root and valve anatomy. Noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) imaging and modeling may assist in patient selection and operative planning. Methods Transesophageal real-time 3D echocardiographic images of 5 patients with normal AVs were acquired. The aortic root and the annulus were manually segmented at end diastole using a 36-point rotational template. The AV leaflets and the coaptation zone were manually segmented in parallel 1-mm cross sections. Quantitative 3D models of the AV and root were generated and used to measure standard anatomic parameters and were compared to conventional two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements. All measurements are given as mean ± SD. Results Annular, sinus, and sinotubular junction areas were 4.1 ± 0.6 cm 2 , 7.5 ± 1.2 cm 2 , and 3.9 ± 1.0 cm 2 , respectively. Root diameters (measured in three locations) by 3D model inspection and two-dimensional echocardiography measurement correlated (R 2 = 0.75). Noncoapted areas of the left, right, and noncoronary leaflets were 1.9 ± 0.2 cm 2 , 1.6 ± 0.3 cm 2 , and 1.6 ± 0.3 cm 2 , respectively. Mean coaptation areas for the left-right, left-noncoronary, and right-noncoronary coaptation zones were 87.7 ± 36.9 mm 2 , 69.9 ± 20.7 mm 2 , and 114.2 ± 23.0 mm 2 , respectively. The mean ratio of noncoapted leaflet area to annular area was 1.3 ± 0.2. Conclusions High-resolution 3D models of the in vivo normal human aortic root and valve were generated using 3D echocardiography. Quantitative 3D models and analysis may assist in characterization of pathology and decision making for AV repair.
A rudimentary tragus in the nasopharynx: Case report, literature review, and discussion of embryologic development

We describe the rare case of a nine year-old girl with a several month history of mouth breathing and nasal obstruction due to a rudimentary tragus in the nasopharynx. We focus on the accessory tragus and its origins by describing the embryologic development of the external ear. Based on our review of the medical literature, this is the first report of a nasopharyngeal mass with a pathologic diagnosis of a rudimentary tragus.
The American College of Gastroenterology Emily Couric Lecture—The Adenoma–Carcinoma Sequence Revisited: Has the Era of Genetic Tailoring Finally Arrived?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a common and often lethal disease. The classic adenoma-carcinoma sequence was defined on histologic grounds but over the last 25 years, the molecular basis of this process has been progressively clarified. There are at least three distinct molecular pathways to CRC: the chromosomal instability (CIN) pathway is thought to be largely driven by mutational events in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, the microsatellite instability pathway is responsible for Lynch syndrome CRCs and is driven by mutations in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes, and the epigenetic pathway is thought to be driven in large part by hypermethylation-induced silencing of tumor suppressor-like genes. The molecular understanding of this sequence has had a profound impact on our understanding of the process(s) of colonic carcinogenesis and this understanding has begun to change the clinical care of patients with colonic polyps and cancer including changes in therapy of established CRCs (anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapy is no longer offered to patients with mutant KRAS CRCs), identification of high-risk groups (diagnosis of Lynch syndrome by molecular analysis of CRCs) and the management of precursor lesions (identification of the serrated polyp pathway to CRC).
Reduction of the background magnetic field inhibits ability of Drosophila melanogaster to survive ionizing radiation.

The effects of exposure to an environment where the background magnetic field (BMF) has been reduced were studied on wild-type Drosophila melanogaster by measuring its ability to survive a single exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) during its larval stage. The experimental design presented shows a timeframe, IR dose, and BMF parameters that will cause a significant and reproducible reduction of survival on this insect model. These results suggest that BMFs may play a fundamental role in the recovery or harm of a biological system that is exposed to single doses of IR. Bioelectromagnetics 33:706–709, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts as antagonists at nicotinic receptors mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release: An investigation of binding conformation

A series of conformationally restricted bis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts (3 and 4) have been designed and synthesized in order to investigate the possible binding conformations of N,N′-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB; 2), a compound which potently inhibits neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release. The preliminary structure–activity relationships of these new analogues suggest that bPiDDB binds in an extended conformation at the nAChR binding site, and that flexibility of the linker may be important for its high potency in inhibiting nAChRs mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing Friction Measurements With Silica Atomic Force Microscope Tips

The feature sizes on Integrated Circuits (ICs) continue to decrease to provide higher device densities and smaller chip designs. To accomplish this, current fabrication and processing technology must be advanced to achieve these goals. In particular, Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP), which is used for planarization of wafers and logic circuit components during IC fabrication, can cause severe surface damage to components in the form of delamination or distortion of surface features. CMP utilizes polishing particles suspended between a polymeric pad and the substrate to be polished. To control the process with higher precision the fundamentals of friction between CMP surfaces need to be analyzed. To investigate the friction contributions of the polishing particles in the CMP process, individual CMP abrasive particles are modeled by a silica atomic force microscope (AFM) probe with a radius of curvature on the order of 200 nm that is utilized in a scanning probe microscope (SPM). Lateral forces are measured that occur in simulated polishing of silica substrates and polyurethane pad material in a liquid environment. Results are obtained as a function of pH and environment and are compared with macroscopic friction results obtained using a high precision tribometer with a glass ball.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Enhanced light extraction from textured surfaces with sub-wavelength size features: beyond the ray tracing approximation

Greatly enhanced radiation extraction has been observed through randomly textured interfaces with feature sizes comparable to the wavelength, where ray tracing approaches fail. A numerical tool is introduced based on spectral decomposition and supercritical scattering. A quasi- periodic interface destroys the k|| invariance, introducing wave-numbers shifted by structure period harmonics, and allows transmission for supercritical incidence. Converting the interface boundary conditions into effective current source terms yield integral formulas for the transmitted fraction including quasi-periodic, sub-wavelength surface features with random variation of the feature size and period.
On anonymity and speaking for our-selves

This book is thoroughly excellent, both as a discussion of anonymity, and as an extremely valuable and very clear selective introduction to many of the important themes and concerns of Alfred Schutz's work. The book is also just a delightfully fresh and compelling projection of Natanson's own intellectual spirit and energy and for that reason alone immensely worth reading. "Anonymity" applies literally to that which is nameless, but it denotes far more. It is the necessary background in contrast to which the particular, the individual, and the concrete stand out. Anonymity is linked closely to what Schutz, following Weber, referred to as "objective meaning," that is, the completely general significance which we can attribute to, and accept as being understood by, Everyone. Objective meaning, as Schutz says, is "...abstracted...from the constituting processes"(21).1 It stands on its own as an impersonal and detached realm, the same for me, for you, and for everyone. Our social world depends crucially upon such abstraction. Without it we would be quite clearly unable to make sense of our world either together or alone. Natanson stresses, in this context, Schutz's idea of typification, i.e., the process, as well as the fact, of ordering reality in terms of types. He draws especially upon Schutz's notion of "the suppression of primes" (52). P', P", P'" ... all are grasped as P and thereby participate in an indispensable anonymity which allows us to apprehend them as "the same." Without this, our world would lack regularity and repeatability and we would in turn be unable to sustain any conception of reality whatsoever. Natanson (93) quotes William James: "That we can at any moment think of the same thing which at any former moment we thought of is the ultimate law of our intellectual constitution."2 But that "law" is really dependent in turn upon the essentially abstracting and anonymizing power of typification. On the collective level as well, of course, our world is thoroughly pervaded by such abstraction and anonymity. The sociological notion of roles points to only one very obvious form of that pervasiveness. Consider also the anonymity which necessarily accompanies all bureaucratization.
Effects of tectal grafts on sound detection deficits induced by inferior colliculus lesions in hooded rats

Abstract The midbrain inferior colliculus (IC), a major integrating center for auditory processing, provides a model for structural, functional, and behavioral recovery. The present study examined the role of IC in spatial sound detection, and the effects of neural transplantation in sparing of behavioral performance. Hooded rats were presented noise bursts at ambient noise levels and 15 dB above this level randomly at one of eight locations in the horizontal plane, and rats were required to suppress licking upon detecting signal presentations. Following training, rats received bilateral IC lesions, bilateral lesions followed in 1 wk by bilateral tectal grafts (embryonic Day 18), or were sham operated. During repeated testing 15 to 30 days and 40 to 45 days following surgical procedures, rats with lesions showed impaired detection task performance when compared to grafted or sham animals. Detection ratios were statistically higher for grafted rats than for rats with lesions at repeated testing times. Performance of grafted animals was not statistically separable from the sham control group; however, grafted rats never achieved preoperative detection rates nor rates as high as sham rats. Postmortem implantation of diI crystals unilaterally into grafts demonstrated fiber labeling in the ipsilateral IC and lateral lemniscus, and retrograde labeling of neurons in the remaining host IC and dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus. Combined with results of previous studies, the results of this study suggest that sparing of detection performance for sounds occuring at random spatial locations may be attributable to partial integration of host-graft pathways.
Design of Apparatus for Studying Aerodynamics of Voice Production

The design and testing of an experimental apparatus for in vitro study of phonatory aerodynamics (voice production) in humans is presented. The presentation includes not only the details of apparatus design, but flow visualization and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) measurements of the developing flow that occurs during the opening of the constriction from complete closure. The main features of the phonation process have long been understood. A proper combination of air flow from the lungs and of vocal fold tension initiates a vibration of the vocal folds, which in turn valves the airflow. The resulting periodic acceleration of the airstream through the glottis excites the acoustic modes of the vocal tract. It is further understood that the pressure gradient driving glottal flow is related to flow separation on the downstream side of the vocal folds. However, the details of this process and how it may contribute to effects such as aperiodicity of the voice and energy losses in voiced sound production are still not fully grasped. The experimental apparatus described in this paper is designed to address these issues. The apparatus itself consists of a scaled-up duct in which water flows through a constriction whose width is modulated by motion of the duct wall in a manner mimicking vocal fold vibration. Scaling the duct up 10 times and using water as the working fluid allows temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the dynamically similar flow velocity field using DPIV at video standard framing rates (15Hz). Dynamic similarity is ensured by matching the Reynolds number (based on glottal flow speed and glottis width) of 8000, and by varying the Strouhal number (based on vocal fold length, glottal flow speed, and a time scale characterizing the motion of the vocal folds) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1. The walls of the 28 cm × 28 cm test section and the vocal fold pieces are made of clear cast acrylic to allow optical access. The vocal fold pieces are 12.7 cm × 14 cm × 28 cm and are rectangular in shape, except for the surfaces which form the glottis, which are 6.35 cm radius half-circles. Dye injection slots are placed on the upstream side of both vocal field pieces to allow flow visualization. Prescribed motion of the vocal folds is provided by two linear stages. Linear bearings ensure smooth execution of the motion prescribed using a computer interface. Measurements described here use the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) flow visualization and DPIV techniques and are performed for two Strouhal numbers to assess the effect of opening time on the development of the glottal jet. These measurements are conducted on a plane oriented perpendicular to the glottis, at the duct midplane. LIF measurements use a 5W Argon ion laser to produce a light sheet, which illuminates the dye injected through a slot in each vocal fold piece. Two dye colors are used, one for each side. Quantitative information about the velocity and vorticity fields are obtained through DPIV measurements at the same location as the LIF measurements.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Fast magnetic resonance imaging simulation with sparsely encoded wavelet domain data in a compressive sensing framework

Randomly encoded compressive sensing (CS) has potential in fast acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in most naturally compressible images. However, there is no guaranteed good performance for general applications by any of the traditional CS-MRI theoretical schemes developed so far. On the other hand, recent research demonstrates that adaptive sampling exploiting the tree structure of nonzero wavelet coefficients of signals allows more control over the sensing procedure in the form of feedback and improve the CS performance significantly. Following recent research strategies in CS-MRI, well-known adaptive sampling strategies in the wavelet domain, as used in image compression, to encode the MRI data yielding good reconstruction quality are introduced. Based on this underlying characteristic, adaptive k -space trajectories are designed with tailored spatially selective RF excitation pulses created by Battle-Lemarie wavelet functions. The input vectors formed from these significant samples of multilevel wavelet decomposed images are used in a CS framework for reconstruction of MR images. This MR image reconstruction uses a CS algorithm based on the minimization of total-variation regularized signal to provide stable results. The simulated results show that this approach can reduce almost 70% of MR image acquisition time and achieve good reconstructed image quality.
Seasonal and spatial variations in fish and macrocrustacean assemblage structure in Mad Island Marsh estuary, Texas

Fish and macrocrustacean assemblage structure was analyzed along an estuarine gradient at Mad Island Marsh (MIM), Matagorda Bay, TX, during March 1998–August 1999. Eight estuarine-dependent fish species accounted for 94% of the individual fishes collected, and three species accounted for 96% of macrocrustacean abundance. Consistent with evidence from other Gulf of Mexico estuarine studies, species richness and abundance were highest during late spring and summer, and lowest during winter and early spring. Sites near the bay supported the most individuals and species. Associations between fish abundance and environmental variables were examined with canonical correspondence analysis. The dominant gradient was associated with water depth and distance from the bay. The secondary gradient reflected seasonal variation and was associated with temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and vegetation cover. At the scales examined, estuarine biota responded to seasonal variation more than spatial variation. Estuarine-dependent species dominated the fauna and were common throughout the open waters of the shallow lake during winter– early spring when water temperature and salinity were low and dissolved oxygen high. During summer–early fall, sub-optimal environmental conditions (high temperature, low DO) in upper reaches accounted for strong spatial variation in assemblage composition. Small estuarine-resident fishes and the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) were common in warm, shallow, vegetated inland sites during summer–fall. Estuarine-dependent species were common at deeper, more saline locations near the bay during this period. During summer, freshwater species, such as gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and gars (Lepisosteus spp.), were positively associated with water depth and proximity to the bay. The distribution and abundance of fishes in MIM appear to result from the combined effects of endogenous, seasonal patterns of reproduction and migration operating on large spatial scales, and speciesspecific response to local environmental variation. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Bluebeard and its multiple layers of meaning

ABSTRACT: This article challenges the position taken by some experts in the field of fairy tales that critics have misinterpreted fairy tales (ZIPES, 2007). I argue that one cannot be sure of the narrator’s intention and that the meanings conveyed by a fairy tale can be constructed in different ways (NODELMAN; REIMER, 2003). Supports for this argument come from the analysis of Bluebeard (PERRAULT, 2002) from different perspectives: historical (ZIPES, 2006), feminist, and Jungian, (e.g., ESTES, 1995), Freudianian (e.g., BETTELHEIM, 1977) and Lacanian (HERMANSSON, 2009). Discussions of the various layers of meaning that these approaches might convey are explored. I conclude by showing that Bluebeard, a complex work of art, is remarkable for its contemporaneity.
A medium-grain reconfigurable processor organization

In this paper a novel and extremely configurable execution core is presented for a standard five-stage pipelined processor. This processor implementation targets a medium grain highly reconfigurable hardware architecture that has been developed for DSPs applications. Using the Spec Espresso and Li benchmarks, analysis of different data forwarding mechanisms and machine per system clock factors are offered. Results show that with an increase in 16.7% or 28.7% hardware size execution time can be reduced by up to 10.79% and 15.63% respectively.
Contributing to the Development of Student Leadership through Academic Advising

One of the major foci of universities in relation to the educational missions is to promote the growth and development of students as leaders. This article discusses the role of academic advising as a strategic partner with classroom and extracurricular leadership development programs. To that end, this article reviews the roles of academic advising in higher education and discusses the viability of expanding these roles to include the role of advisor as leadership educator. In so doing, I provide a review of the literature related to student leadership development, discuss the similarity in advising outcomes and leadership development outcomes, and examine how the roles of academic advisors in higher education relate to leadership development as well as how advisors can become intentional leadership educators.
In Vivo Analysis of Synaptonemal Complex Formation During Yeast Meiosis

During meiotic prophase a synaptonemal complex (SC) forms between each pair of homologous chromosomes and is believed to be involved in regulating recombination. Studies on SCs usually destroy nuclear architecture, making it impossible to examine the relationship of these structures to the rest of the nucleus. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the meiosis-specific Zip1 protein is found throughout the entire length of each SC. To analyze the formation and structure of SCs in living cells, a functional ZIP1::GFP fusion was constructed and introduced into yeast. The ZIP1::GFP fusion produced fluorescent SCs and rescued the spore lethality phenotype of zip1 mutants. Optical sectioning and fluorescence deconvolution light microscopy revealed that, at zygotene, SC assembly was initiated at foci that appeared uniformly distributed throughout the nuclear volume. At early pachytene, the full-length SCs were more likely to be localized to the nuclear periphery while at later stages the SCs appeared to redistribute throughout the nuclear volume. These results suggest that SCs undergo dramatic rearrangements during meiotic prophase and that pachytene can be divided into two morphologically distinct substages: pachytene A, when SCs are perinuclear, and pachytene B, when SCs are uniformly distributed throughout the nucleus. ZIP1::GFP also facilitated the enrichment of fluorescent SC and the identification of meiosis-specific proteins by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy.
Inheritance of a Lutescent-Leaf Color Trait in Peanut

A Lutescent-Leaf color mutant was recently found in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Crosses involving the Lutescent-Leaf mutant were made both between and within subspecies of hypogaea and fastigiata to determine its inheritance. The F1, F2, and F3 data indicated that two duplicate recessive genes, designated lut1 and lut2, control the Lutescent-Leaf color trait. No maternal or cytoplasmic effects were detected among progenies from reciprocal hybridization.
Intravascular Lipoma of the Right Innominate Vein in a Trauma Patient

2 58-year-old man whose horse fell on him after he fell rom the horse, complained only of left-sided chest pain. T scans revealed multiple left rib fractures, bibasilar atelctasis, left L3 transverse process fracture, right acetabular racture, and a filling defect with fatty tissue attenuation ithin the right innominate vein (A, arrow). He was aditted to the trauma intensive care unit for pain control nd aggressive pulmonary toilet. On hospital day 3 he had perative reduction with internal fixation of the right aceabular fracture. The patient did not complain of right arm ain or swelling before the traumatic event, and CT scan of he chest showed adequate collateralization of the right nnominate intraluminal mass. MRI of the chest conirmed a fatty tumor within the right innominate vein, onsistent with a lipoma (B, arrow). The patient had an ncomplicated hospital course and was discharged on hosital day 7 with outpatient thoracic surgery followup for he intravascular lipoma. Lipomas are common soft tissue tumors and are located n body tissues containing adipose tissues. Intravascular ipomas are rare primary venous tumors that arise from the
Changes in biliary lipid secretion during normal development and diurnal cycling in the rat

Biliary lipid secretion in conjunction with hepatic cholesterol synthesis was determined in normal male rats at 4, 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age, during a period of linear growth and a near fourfold increase in liver size. Studies were performed both at periods of low (mid-light cycle) and high (mid-dark cycle) hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Biliary bile salt, phospholipid, and cholesterol secretion (per g of liver) markedly decreased with an increase in liver size. Whereas the secretion of bile salts and phospholipid was not significantly different in mid-dark and mid-light periods for animals of the same age, cholesterol secretion was greater in the mid-dark than in the mid-light period at 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age. Relationships between biliary cholesterol secretion and bile salt and phospholipid secretion differed at mid-dark and mid-light periods, as follows: cholesterol secretion was not significantly related to bile salt secretion at mid-dark (r = 0.49, P > 0.05) but was related at mid-light (r = 0.73, P = 0.003); and although cholesterol secretion was significantly related to phospholipid secretion at mid-dark, this relationship was not nearly as strong as at mid-light (P 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CYK-4/GAP Provides a Localized Cue to Initiate Anteroposterior Polarity upon Fertilization

The Caenorhabditis elegans anteroposterior axis is established in response to fertilization by sperm. Here we present evidence that RhoA, the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor ECT-2, and the Rho guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein CYK-4 modulate myosin light-chain activity to create a gradient of actomyosin, which establishes the anterior domain. CYK-4 is enriched within sperm, and paternally donated CYK-4 is required for polarity. These data suggest that CYK-4 provides a molecular link between fertilization and polarity establishment in the one-cell embryo. Orthologs of CYK-4 are expressed in sperm of other species, which suggests that this cue may be evolutionarily conserved.
Soil or foliar applied nutrient effects on mineral concentrations and germinability of peanut seed.

Abstract The mineral composition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed is important to seed germinability, human dietary quality, and may indicate nutrients limiting peanut productivity. Low germinability of peanut seed is frequently a problem for seed producers. Little is known about nutrient effects on seed germination except for Ca. Experiments were conducted on two Aquic Hapludults, one in Southampton Co. and the other in Suffolk, Va. The effects of lime, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, S, or Fe applied to the soil and/or foliage on the elemental composition and germinability of peanut seed were studied. Average germination varied from 39 to 82% and was highest where 1,120 or 3,360 kg/ha of landplaster (LP) was applied alone. Germination was decreased by application of KCl or K2SO4 at 1,120 kg/ha, or urea or NH4NO3 each at 224 kg/ha of N. Percentage germination was correlated positively with seed Ca and negatively with seed K concentrations. Also, a low but significant negative correlation was obtained...
Challenges and Opportunities for Higher Education

The builders of the modern university expected that the research conducted within it would solve moral problems. The research would provide authoritative instruction on how to live and how to shape a more perfect society. But within a generation, it became clear that this expectation would not easily be fulfilled. Indeed, many of the faculties housed in these new universities were ready to wash their hands of moral concerns. The university faced a crisis: Did it serve to advance morality? And if so, how? The success of the university in producing knowledge and training skilled professionals has compensated for and masked the moral crisis. But nonetheless, the problem of morality continues to plague American higher education. Universities have been unable either to fully incorporate morality or to comfortably abandon a moral mission. This is the unresolved legacy of the creation of the modern research university. (Reuben, 2000, pp. 72–73)
An Unstructured Wave Drag code for the Preliminary Design of Future Supersonic Aircraft

Presented at the 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, Orlando,FL, June 23-26,2003.
Solubility of nitrogen in marine mammal blubber depends on its lipid composition.

Summary Understanding the solubility of nitrogen gas in tissues is a critical aspect of diving physiology, especially for air-breathing tetrapods. Adipose tissue is of particular interest due to the high solubility of nitrogen in lipids. Surprisingly, nothing is known about nitrogen solubility in the blubber of any marine mammal. We tested the hypothesis that N 2 solubility is dependent on blubber9s lipid composition; most blubber is composed of triacylglycerols, but some toothed whales deposit large amounts of waxes in blubber instead. The solubility of N 2 in the blubber of 13 toothed whale species ranged from 0.062-0.107 mL N 2 /mL oil. Blubber with high wax ester content had higher N 2 solubility, observed in the beaked (Ziphiidae) and small sperm (Kogiidae) whales, animals that routinely make long, deep dives. We also measured nitrogen solubility in the specialized cranial acoustic fat bodies associated with echolocation in a Risso9s dolphin; values (0.087) were 16% higher than its blubber (0.074). As the acoustic fats of all Odontocetes contain waxes, even if the blubber does not, these tissues may experience greater interaction with N 2 . These data have implications for our understanding and future modeling of, diving physiology in Odontocetes, as our empirically derived values for nitrogen solubility in toothed whale adipose were up to 40% higher than the numbers traditionally assumed in marine mammal diving models.
Defining the Optimal Window for Cranial Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells to Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Cognitive Impairment

Past preclinical studies have demonstrated the capability of using human stem cell transplantation in the irradiated brain to ameliorate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Intrahippocampal transplantation of human embryonic stem cells and human neural stem cells (hNSCs) was found to functionally restore cognition in rats 1 and 4 months after cranial irradiation. To optimize the potential therapeutic benefits of human stem cell transplantation, we have further defined optimal transplantation windows for maximizing cognitive benefits after irradiation and used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hNSCs (iPSC-hNSCs) that may eventually help minimize graft rejection in the host brain. For these studies, animals given an acute head-only dose of 10 Gy were grafted with iPSC-hNSCs at 2 days, 2 weeks, or 4 weeks following irradiation. Animals receiving stem cell grafts showed improved hippocampal spatial memory and contextual fear-conditioning performance compared with irradiated sham-surgery controls when analyzed 1 month after transplantation surgery. Importantly, superior performance was evident when stem cell grafting was delayed by 4 weeks following irradiation compared with animals grafted at earlier times. Analysis of the 4-week cohort showed that the surviving grafted cells migrated throughout the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the host hippocampus and differentiated into neuronal (∼39%) and astroglial (∼14%) subtypes. Furthermore, radiation-induced inflammation was significantly attenuated across multiple hippocampal subfields in animals receiving iPSC-hNSCs at 4 weeks after irradiation. These studies expand our prior findings to demonstrate that protracted stem cell grafting provides improved cognitive benefits following irradiation that are associated with reduced neuroinflammation.