cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's New in Cosmetic Dermatology.

Topical silicone gel is more beneficial than petrolatum-based products as an all-purpose wound dressing for granulating and sutured wounds, regardless of cause. Vaginal laser rejuvenation is effective in relieving genitourinary syndrome of menopause, stress urinary incontinence, vaginal relaxation syndrome, and related vulvar disorders. New cosmetic indications in the upper face for onabotulinumtoxinA have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, whereas off-label treatments in the lower face increase in popularity. Clinical trials of uncomplexed daxibotulinumtoxinA demonstrate safety and efficacy lasting more than 6 months.
More than Consent: Kant on the Function of the Social Contract

What is the point of appealing to a social contract? An intuitively plausible answer is that the metaphor functions as a justification for the obligation to obey the law. If I have made a contract to establish a political authority, then I am bound to obey the commands of that authority. In a contract, my agreement creates an obligation to perform. Then only remaining question is what reasons I have to make the agreement in the first place. It would then seem that classical social contract theory is divided between those who understand our reasons to agree as prudential (Hobbes and Locke) and those who take our reasons to be moral (Rousseau and Kant). But this kind of interpretation fails to make sense of Kant’s political theory, which understands our obligation to enter into a civil condition as prior to the appeal to the social contract. The original contract enters into Kant’s theory at a crucially later point, after the creation of specific political institutions. It functions as a way of reconciling these institutions with the idea of rightful coercion, by imposing normative requirements on the political reasoning of legislators and citizens. For Kant, the distinctive feature of normative political reasoning is the notion of a unified will, an idea that was already present at the start of social contract theory in Hobbes, but had yet to be properly clarified. Kant appeals to the original contract not to ground our political obligations, but to explain both the coherence and the necessity of the idea of a common will for political argument.
Myocardial Small Vessel Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction

Health-care providers are often confronted with patients that present with anginal symptoms, but on coronary angiography are found to have nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (Patel et al., N Engl J Med 362:886–895, 2010). Many times, chest pain in these patients may be attributed to non-cardiac causes, such as musculoskeletal pain or pathology in the gastrointestinal or pulmonary systems. However, myocardial small vessel disease, also called coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) or cardiac syndrome X, is an increasingly recognized disorder in those with nonobstructive CAD (Camici and Crea, Eur Heart J 356:830–840, 2007; Crea et al., Eur Heart J 35:1101–1111, 2014; Lanza and Crea, Circulation 121:2317–2325, 2010).
How Empires Make Peripheries: ‘Overseas France’ in Contemporary History

The inhabitants of the overseas departments and collectivities of France have, of late, been reconsidering their relationships both to each other and to the former imperial metropole. In 2011 Mayotte, previously classified as an overseas collectivity, acceded to full French and European status as an overseas department of France following a referendum. This decision to, in the words of the social scientist Francois Taglioni, further ‘anchor’ the island in the republic has commonly been understood as a pragmatic decision as much as an ideological one. It was a way of distancing Mayotte from the political turmoil in neighbouring independent Comoros, as well as an indicator of the improbability of a small island nation achieving full sovereignty in a multipolar, resource hungry world. The narrative that self-determination must necessarily be obtained through national independence is still prevalent in the language of certain independence movements, including that of the Kanak people of New Caledonia. But it has been repeatedly tested at the ballot box, not least in November 2018 when New Caledonians voted in a referendum on their constitutional future. This referendum – and the further two due to follow it before 2022 – will be observed with interest by other self declared nations in waiting. Some anticipate, not a reclaiming of local sovereignty in the event of independence, but rather a transferral of economic hegemony from France to China, a prospect hinted at by Emmanuel Macron during a visit to Noumea in 2018. However, the demographic minority status of the Kanak people whom the independentist Kanak and Socialist Liberation Front (Front de liberation nationale kanak et socialiste; FLNKS) claims to represent, coupled with divisions within the movement, means it is very hard to predict the contours of a future independent New Caledonian state.
Assessment of ischemic risk following intracranial-to-intracranial and extracranial-to-intracranial bypass for complex aneurysms using intraoperative Indocyanine Green-based flow analysis.

Abstract Cerebral bypass is often needed for complex aneurysms requiring vessel sacrifice, yet intraoperative predictors of ischemic risk in bypass-dependent territories are limited. Indocyanine Green (ICG)-based flow analyses (ICG-BFAs; Flow 800, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) semi-quantitatively assess cortical perfusion, and in this work we determine the efficacy of ICG-BFA for assessing post-operative ischemic risk during cerebral bypass surgery for complex aneurysms. Retrospective clinical and pre/post-bypass intra-operative ICG-BFA data (delay and blood flow index [BFI]) on ten patients undergoing cerebral bypass for complex cerebral aneurysms requiring vessel sacrifice were collected from a single-institution prospective database and analyzed via non-parametric testing and logistic regression. Mean age was 55.9 ± 14.8 years. Pre/post-bypass delay (median 35.6 [5.1–51.3] vs. 26.0 [17.1–59.9]; p = 0.2) and BFI (median 56.1 [8.1–120.4] vs. 32.2 [3.0–147.4]; p = 0.2) did not significantly differ. Two patients (20%) developed post-operative ischemia in bypass dependent territories. Delay ratio did not differ between patients with and without post-operative ischemia (median 1.15 [0.67–1.64] vs. 0.83 [0.36–3.56]; p = 0.6), nor predict stroke risk (odds ratio = 1.1, p = 0.9). Conversely, BFI ratio was significantly lower for patients experiencing post-operative ischemia than those without ischemia (median 0.11 [0.06–0.17] vs. 0.99 [0.28–1.42]; p = 0.03). A BFI ratio
Cognition in Affective Disorders

Characterized by alterations in mood, both major depression and bipolar disorder are also associated with deficits in neuropsychological function across several cognitive domains, including impaired attention, executive function, language, and processing speed. The majority of findings indicate that these deficits are likely present early in the course of affective disorders and can even persist after the resolution of the mood disturbance. The cognitive deficits in major depression and bipolar disorder appear to contribute to the disability associated with major depression and bipolar disorder. While the medications used to treat affective disorders might contribute to some of the cognitive impairments found in affective disorders, they do not appear to account for all of the cognitive impairments. The causes of the cognitive deficits associated with major depression remain unknown, although several possible causes require consideration. Abnormal function of the neural circuits associated with major depression and bipolar disorder might contribute not only to abnormal mood regulation but also to deficits in cognition. The association between affective disorders and cognitive function and mechanisms of this association require additional study.
Use of Thromboelastography to Predict Thrombotic Complications in Pediatric and Neonatal Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the correlation between thromboelastography (TEG) and conventional measures of anticoagulation, and to determine optimum values for citrated kaolin TEG R time (TEG RCK) and anti-Xa activity that would minimize both bleeding and thrombotic complications in pediatric and neonatal patients requiring extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO). A retrospective chart review of patients requiring veno-venous (VV) and venoarterial (VA) ECMO was performed. Combined medical and cardiac ICU within a single-center, tertiary care, freestanding, children's hospital. Non-pregnant patients 2 kilograms requiring VV or VA ECMO from July 2013 through July 2015. Anti-Xa (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.53-0.72, p < .001) and TEG RCK (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.34, p = .003) were the only independent predictors for a significant thrombotic event. Receiver operating characteristic curves and traditional epidemiological data (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV) were used to determine optimal target Anti-Xa and TEG RCK values. No independent predictors for significant bleeding events were identified in this cohort. A anti-Xa activity of .25 IU/mL (sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 67%, PPV = 81%, NPV = 58%) and TEG RCK time of 17.85 minutes (sensitivity = 84%, specificity = 68%, PPV = 82%, NPV = 59%) were established as the optimal thresholds for preventing thrombotic events. Anti-Xa and TEG RCK were independent predictors of thrombosis in this cohort of pediatric and neonatal ECMO patients. Targeting an anti-Xa activity greater than .25 IU/mL and a TEG RCK greater than 17.85 minutes may minimize the risk of thrombosis in pediatric and neonatal ECMO patients. Future investigation should evaluate targets for anti-Xa and TEG RCK, which additionally minimize the risk of significant bleeding in this patient population.
Christian Formation and Moral Pluralism: Challenges and Opportunities

Moral diversity presents challenges and opportunities for Christian ethics, especially with regard to education and formation. Moral pluralism designates a response to that diversity predicated on ...
Engineering glucose metabolism for enhanced muconic acid production in Pseudomonas putida KT2440

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has received increasing attention as an important biocatalyst for the conversion of diverse carbon sources to multiple products, including the olefinic diacid, cis,cis-muconic acid (muconate). P. putida has been previously engineered to produce muconate from glucose; however, periplasmic oxidation of glucose causes substantial 2-ketogluconate accumulation, reducing product yield and selectivity. Deletion of the glucose dehydrogenase gene (gcd) prevents 2-ketogluconate accumulation, but dramatically slows growth and muconate production. In this work, we employed adaptive laboratory evolution to improve muconate production in strains incapable of producing 2-ketogluconate. Growth-based selection improved growth, but reduced muconate titer. A new muconate-responsive biosensor was therefore developed to enable muconate-based screening using fluorescence activated cell sorting. Sorted clones demonstrated both improved growth and muconate production. Mutations identified by whole genome resequencing of these isolates indicated that glucose metabolism may be dysregulated in strains lacking gcd. Using this information, we used targeted engineering to recapitulate improvements achieved by evolution. Deletion of the transcriptional repressor gene hexR improved strain growth and increased the muconate production rate, and the impact of this deletion was investigated using transcriptomics. The genes gntZ and gacS were also disrupted in several evolved clones, and deletion of these genes further improved strain growth and muconate production. Together, these targets provide a suite of modifications that improve glucose conversion to muconate by P. putida in the context of gcd deletion. Prior to this work, our engineered strain lacking gcd generated 7.0 g/L muconate at a productivity of 0.07 g/L/h and a 38% yield (mol/mol) in a fed-batch bioreactor. Here, the resulting strain with the deletion of hexR, gntZ, and gacS achieved 22.0 g/L at 0.21 g/L/h and a 35.6% yield (mol/mol) from glucose in similar conditions. These strategies enabled enhanced muconic acid production and may also improve production of other target molecules from glucose in P. putida.
Characterizing Environmental Interactions for Soft Growing Robots

Soft, tip-extending devices, or “vine robots,” are a promising new paradigm for navigating cluttered and confined environments. Because they lengthen from their tips, there is little relative movement of the body with the environment, and the compressible nature of the device allows it to pass through orifices smaller than its diameter. However, the interaction between these devices and the environment is not well characterized. Here we present a comprehensive mathematical model that describes vine robot behavior during environmental interaction that provides a basis from which informed designs can be generated in future works. The model incorporates transverse and axial buckling modes that result from growing into obstacles with varying surface normals, as well as internal path-dependent and independent resistances to growth. Accordingly, the model is able to predict the pressure required to grow through a given environment due to the interaction forces it experiences. We experimentally validate both the individual components and the full model. Finally, we present three design insights from the model and demonstrate how they each improve performance in confined space navigation. Our work helps advance the understanding of tip-extending, vine robots through quantifying their interactions with the environment, opening the door for new designs and impactful applications in the realms of healthcare, research, search and rescue, and space exploration.
KDFBA: key distribution through fingerprint based authentication using Mobile agent

As mobile networks and use of mobile devices are increasing at a rapid rate, need of securing both the device information and the network increasing evermore. Authentication of the user is another important challenge as this need to be done remotely. Bio-cryptography is one of the robust solution, which uses existing cryptography techniques with user biometric information for encryption and authentication. Encryption process also involves key generation and distribution. Key Distribution Center (KDC) is the most common mode of key generation and key distribution. KDC is always been the most profitable and worthy target for the adversaries. When KDC is compromised the strongest security protocols, encryption protocols, firewalls etc. will be of no use and will backfire. This paper explains some of the currently existing approaches of key exchange and problems in existing approaches are identified. A new biometric based key exchange protocol (KDFBA) is proposed which makes use of the mobile agent for key exchange and biometric information for authentication. Proposed protocol is simulated on NS2 platform and is also compared with the existing approaches. Protocol is tested against some parameters like traffic generated, timing analysis and prevention against attacks like black hole attack. The simulation results prove that the proposed key exchange protocol reduces the traffic on the network considerably and also prevents attacks like black hole.
Meteorin-like facilitates skeletal muscle repair through a Stat3/IGF-1 mechanism

The immune system plays a multifunctional role throughout the regenerative process, regulating both pro-/anti-inflammatory phases and progenitor cell function. In the present study, we identify the myokine/cytokine Meteorin-like (Metrnl) as a critical regulator of muscle regeneration. Mice genetically lacking Metrnl have impaired muscle regeneration associated with a reduction in immune cell infiltration and an inability to transition towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Isochronic parabiosis, joining wild-type and whole-body Metrnl knock-out (KO) mice, returns Metrnl expression in the injured muscle and improves muscle repair, providing supportive evidence for Metrnl secretion from infiltrating immune cells. Macrophage-specific Metrnl KO mice are also deficient in muscle repair. During muscle regeneration, Metrnl works, in part, through Stat3 activation in macrophages, resulting in differentiation to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. With regard to myogenesis, Metrnl induces macrophage-dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 production, which has a direct effect on primary muscle satellite cell proliferation. Perturbations in this pathway inhibit efficacy of Metrnl in the regenerative process. Together, these studies identify Metrnl as an important regulator of muscle regeneration and a potential therapeutic target to enhance tissue repair.
Chest X-ray findings in children with influenza A(H1N1) virus infection

Objective To assess the chest X-ray radiographic findings in children with influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Methods The chest X-ray radiographies in 67 children with influenza A(H1N1) virus infection were reviewed in this study. The chest radiographies were obtained 3-8 days after the onset of symptoms and for the follow-up. Results The abnormalities were bilateral in 53 patients and unilateral in 7 patients. The predominant radiographic findings were bilateral patchy consolidation (n=42) with rapid confluence in 10 patients, lobular consolidation (n=7) with interstitial hyperplasia in 1 patient 3 month later, diffuse consolidation (n=11) with interstitial hyperplasia in all patients after 3 month. ConclusionThe predominant chest X-ray radiographic findings are bilateral patchy consolidation and diffuse consolidation with interstitial hyperplasia afterward. Key words: Radiography, thoracic; Influenza A virus; Child
Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen Doping and Ultra-Microporosity on the Performance of Biomass and Microalgae-Derived Activated Carbons for CO2 Capture.

We report a unique naturally derived activated carbon with optimally incorporated nitrogen functional groups and ultra-microporous structure to enable high CO2 adsorption capacity. The coprocessing...
Authentic Partnerships in School–University Collaborations

Established teachers have the opportunity to both pass along knowledge related to pedagogy and receive exposure to new ideas and lesson materials from the students they supervise. The value of thes...
Managerial Career Concerns and Investments in Information

We extend the "implicit incentives" literature by analyzing how career concerns impact a risk-neutral manager's decision of how much to learn about a project before investing in it. The manager has unknown ability that determines the probability with which a good project is available, so the market updates ability assessments from project outcomes. While project choice is efficient in equilibrium, an unobservable investment in the precision of project evaluation allows the manager to control the probabilities of future reputational states. This distorts his investment in precision above first best when project payoffs can be observed only on accepted projects.
Applying Module Analysis to the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism.

The scoring procedures for the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism should be modified to account for correlated responses between individual items.
Solving multiscale steady radiative transfer equation using neural networks with uniform stability

This paper concerns solving the steady radiative transfer equation with diffusive scaling, using the physics informed neural networks (PINNs). The idea of PINNs is to minimize a least-square loss function, that consists of the residual from the governing equation, the mismatch from the boundary conditions, and other physical constraints such as conservation. It is advantageous of being flexible and easy to execute, and brings the potential for high dimensional problems. Nevertheless, due the presence of small scales, the vanilla PINNs can be extremely unstable for solving multiscale steady transfer equations. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of the loss based on the macro-micro decomposition. We prove that, the new loss function is uniformly stable with respect to the small Knudsen number in the sense that the $L^2$-error of the neural network solution is uniformly controlled by the loss. When the boundary condition is an-isotropic, a boundary layer emerges in the diffusion limit and therefore brings an additional difficulty in training the neural network. To resolve this issue, we include a boundary layer corrector that carries over the sharp transition part of the solution and leaves the rest easy to be approximated. The effectiveness of the new methodology is demonstrated in extensive numerical examples.
Impact Fracture of a Tough Ductile Steel

The impact fracture of a tough ductile material is examined by comparing the results of static and dynamic viscoplastic finite element computations with experimental observations of the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) during static and dynamic (impact) fracture. Experiments measured the relative displacement of two small indents 100 μm behind a fatigue crack tip in a three-point bend specimen to determine the CTOD as a function of load (in static tests) or as a function of time (in dynamic tests). Static computations show that a two-dimensional simulation can capture both the overall structural response, as measured by boundary quantities (such as the applied load and the crack mouth opening displacement), and the near-tip CTOD when crack closure is accounted for. Dynamic finite element simulations also use a two-dimensional model of the three-point bend specimen, but must include the projectile and loading tup to account for the complex stress wave interactions generated during impact loading in order to simulate the CTOD versus time response. Since the finite element model correlates with the observed CTOD history, it can be used to determine relevant field quantities, such as the J-integral, as well as stresses and strains of interest. The finite element model shows that it is essential to include the effects of viscoplasticity in order to capture the correct CTOD response in the dynamic experiments. These calculations show that the rate of change of the stress intensity factor is K ∼ 5 X 10 6 MPa m/s in the impact fracture tests. The fracture initiation time has not been unambiguously determined; therefore a unique fracture toughness has not been established.
Inclusive semileptonic decays of the B meson

This talk is a short review on the theoretical issues and uncertainties in the calculation of partial decay rates in inclusive B decays. The main emphasis is on charmless semileptonic decays, the B -> X(s) gamma photon spectrum, and the extraction of Vub using model-independent methods.
Handbook of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics

Foreword Preface 1. General data 2. Astronomy and astrophysics 3. Radio astronomy 4. Infrared and submillimeter astronomy 5. Ultraviolet astronomy 6. X-ray astronomy 7. Gamma-ray astronomy 8. Cosmic rays 9. Earth's atmosphere and environment 10. Relativity and cosmology 11. Atomic physics 12. Electromagnetic radiation 13. Plamsa physics 14. Experimental astronomy and astrophysics 15. Astronautics 16. Mathematics 17. Probability and statistics 18. Radiation safety 19. Astronomical catalogs 20. Computer science 21. Glossary of abbreviations and symbols Appendices Index.
The Notion of Solidarity and the Secret History of American Labor Law

"Solidarity," a term not overly familiar to Americans, sometimes seems to have as many meanings as it has users. The concept became incorporated into American thought during the 19th and 20th century waves of Catholic and Jewish immigration. It provides a European vision of communitarian social order that competes with the "unencumbered self" - America's unique brand of individualism. Among philosophers, politicians, religious thinkers, and social activists, solidarity theory sought to redefine the then-prevailing views of social bonds. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the American labor movement, which espouses as its core values the principles of unity and the collective good. Yet there is something undeniably strange about the National Labor Relations Act - the apogee of the movement's efforts - which forces workers to subordinate their individual voices in order to gain a collective voice in managerial decision making. The NLRA is unique not only among the labor relation schemes of other nations, but its terms do not fit well within American legal patterns either. It is the only place in our famously individual-oriented legal system where the law seeks to protect the status of the person through the regulation of freely-formed associations. Perhaps this anomaly is rooted in the predominant role the Catholic Church has exercised in shaping America's labor movement. The author suggests that two factors might explain the Catholic character of American labor law. Perhaps the manner in which Catholics understand community and the Church's traditional teachings on social justice account for the consistent support the Church has given to organized labor and collective bargaining. By providing a short history of solidarity, and using the Corpus Christi celebration as an example of Catholic community values, the author assesses a uniquely Catholic contribution to American labor law.
Unbalanced globin chain synthesis in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia

Hematologic evaluation of a 5-yr-old girl with lifelong anemia demonstrated the characteristic findings of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type II. Globin chain synthesis was studied in vitro by measuring the incorporation of L-leucine-14C into globin by peripheral blood and bone marrow erythroid cells. In cells from the child and from both of her parents an abnormal balance between the synthesis of the α and non-α globin components of hemoglobin was observed, the α chains being synthesized in excess. Neither parent demonstrated microcytosis, hypochromia, or other findings suggestive of β-thalassemia trait.
Polyamidoamine-facilitated poly(ethylene glycol)/ionic liquid based pressure swing membrane absorption process for CO2 removal from shifted syngas

Abstract Pre-combustion capture of CO2 from shifted syngas is a major route for carbon capture and sequestration from integrated gasification combined cycle for coal as the fuel. Conventional Selexol absorption-based processes involve cooling the gas to near-ambient temperature. A novel cyclic 5-valve pressure swing membrane absorption (PSMAB) process is being developed for CO2 removal from lower-temperature shifted syngas at ∼100 °C in hollow-fiber membrane contactors using ionic liquid (IL) absorbent, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide ([bmim][DCA]). Separation performance is considerably enhanced by adding nonvolatile polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer Generation 0 to the IL at higher temperatures for a 40% CO2, 60% He (surrogate for H2) feed. Absorption performance in the cyclic process depends on selective sorption and other absorbent properties especially viscosity and hollow-fiber membrane contactor module design employing microporous hydrophobized polyether ether ketone (PEEK) hollow fiber-based membranes. Equilibrium CO2 solubility and CO2–He selectivity for IL, [bmim][DCA], has been compared with those for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 400 which yields improved equilibrium CO2–He selectivity and CO2 absorption with/without 20 wt% PAMAM dendrimer over the temperature range 50–100 °C. The PSMAB process separation performance has been explored using PEG 400-based absorbent in two hollow-fiber membrane contactor modules with improved designs in series at temperatures up to 100 °C and feed-gas pressures up to 1720 kPag. This performance has been compared with that of the system using IL, [bmim][DCA]. The dendrimer-IL system performance for two modules-in-series with reduced dead volume considerably enhanced separation yielding >95% CO2 in the CO2-enriched product; further this performance exceeded easily that of the PEG 400-based system.
An Integrated Signal Validation System for Nuclear Power Plants

The optimal control and safe operation of a nuclear power plant requires reliable information concerning the state of the process. Signal validation is the detection, isolation, and characterization of faulty signals. Properly validated process signals can provide increased plant availability and reliability of operator actions. This paper reports on a comprehensive signal validation software system developed for application to nuclear power plants. This system combines some previously established fault detection methodologies as well as some newly developed modules. The techniques have been implemented in a modular architecture that allows for the addition or removal of signal validation modules as deemed necessary. Intramodule confidence factors describing the validity of a given signal are derived using fuzzy membership functions. A final evaluation of signal status is made by the system executive based on results from each signal validation module.
The global diet: trade and novel infections

Practices designed to meet the demands of global trade can amplify food safety problems. Ever-increasing pressure to churn out more product and better sides of beef has generated processes that compromise existing safety measures. Among the concerns are intensified food production, use of antimicrobials and hormones as growth promoters, and poor sanitary infrastructure in some food producing countries. Accompanying the innovations designed to serve the diversifying global palate are emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, or "trade-related infections." The joint efforts of international public health and industry are required to effectively address these growing health challenges.
Splines and the approximate solution of optimal control problems

Practical and theoretical aspects of the use of spline functions in approximately solving open-loop optimal control problems are surveyed. It is shown how B-splines can be used to yield highly structured and sparse discrete approximations to the continuous problem; some computational methods useful on the resulting discrete problems are mentioned. The question of the accuracy obtainable by such methods is discussed.
Amino acid sequence of high-redox-potential ferredoxin (HiPIP) isozymes from the extremely halophilic purple phototrophic bacterium, Ectothiorhodospira halophila

Abstract The amino acid sequences of high-redox-potential ferredoxin (HiPIP) isozymes from Ectothiorhodospira halophila have been determined. These are: isozyme I, EPRAEDGHAHDYVNEAADPSHGRYQEGQLCENCAFWGEAVQDGWGRCTHPDFDEVLVKAEGWCSVYAPAS, and isozyme II, GLPDGVEDLPKAEDDHAHDYVNDAADTDHARFQEGQLCENCQFWVDYVNGWGYCQHPDFTDVLVRGEGWCSVYAPA. Isozyme II is the major form of HiPIP produced by the bacterium (65–80%) and is the most acidic of the known HiPIPs. The two isozymes are 72% identical to one another and require only a single residue deletion for alignment. Comparison of these HiPIPs with seven previously determined sequences revealed only 27% average identity. Both E. halophila HiPIP isozymes are likely to be functional since their sequences are equally distant from those of other species. The E. halophila HiPIP sequences show that H-bonding patterns recognized in Chromatium vinosum HiPIP are likely to be conserved and therefore cannot explain the unusually low redox potentials which have been reported.
Experiments with calculated therapeutic and toxic doses of digitalis

Abstract Calculated therapeutic amounts (20 or 30 per cent of minimal lethal dose) of digitalis, in single doses, or in divided doses over a period of forty-eight hours, produced the following types of RS-T segment and T-wave changes: (1) No significant change; (2) positive T 3 changed to negative T 3 ; (3) negative T 3 changed to positive T 3 ; (4) decrease of height of T wave in one or more leads; (5) increase of height of T wave in one or more leads. Similar electrocardiographic patterns were noted when animals were digitalized rapidly with a calculated therapeutic dose of digitalis and then were given daily doses which were estimated to be equivalent to 1 or 2 cat units a day for a 70-kilogram man. The electrocardiographic studies were made during experiments which lasted from six to fifty-six days. Myocardial lesions were not observed in any of these two groups of animals. In our experiments there were no constant changes in the RS-T segment or T wave which could be taken as a reliable index to the presence of a calculated therapeutic amount of digitalis. The cardiac rate was also unreliable; a therapeutic dose of digitalis produced an increase, decrease, or no change in the cardiac rate over a period of days. Toxic amounts of digitalis, when administered in single doses (40 to 80 per cent of the minimal lethal dose), or when given daily to digitalized animals in an amount which corresponded to 3,4 5.5, or 6 cat units for a 70-kilogram man, produced the following electrocardiographic alterations: (1) no significant change; (2) positive T 3 changed to negative T 3 ; (3) decrease of height of T wave in one or more leads; (4) increase of height of T wave in one or more leads; (5) depression of the RS-T segment in one or more leads; (6) change in the RS-T segment, the initial portion of which began above the isoelectric position and the terminal portion of which ended below the isoelectric line; (7) elevation of the RS-T segment ("plateau type") in one or more leads; (8) cove-plane, negative T 2 and T 3 , with positive T 1 ; (9) cove-plane, negative T 1 and positive T 2 and T 3 . Changes (1) to (5), inclusive, were usually not associated with myocardial lesions, whereas patterns (6) to (9) were associated with myocardial lesions produced by digitalis. Two animals that had microscopic evidence of myocardial lesions failed to show any significant changes in the daily electrocardiograms. The electrocardiogram returned to normal in all animals which did not die spontaneously or were not killed for experimental reasons. The electrocardiograms returned to normal while microscopic evidence of active inflammation persisted in the myocardium. The electrocardiogram was normal in those animals in which the myocardial lesions had healed (focalized zones of fibrosis).
Recent studies on a possible mechanism for visual pigment regeneration

Photoreceptor outer segments can couple retinol oxidation to flavin reduction. Dihydroflavins catalyze the interconversion of all-trans-retinal, 9-cis-retinal and 13-cis-retinal. Outer segments that have been rendered essentially free from mitochondrial flavoprotein contamination appear to contain bound flavin that after reduction by SnCl3 can function as an efficient catalyst for the geometrical isomerization of endogenous or exogenous all-trans-retinal. The photosensitive pigment regenerated in each case is isorhodopsin.
Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease: It’s a Two-Way Street

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently seen in hospitalized patients and its incidence increases with the severity of illness. Recent studies have further illuminated the interdependent relationship between AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD and proteinuria have been demonstrated to be risk factors for AKI. Moreover, the previous dogma that prognosis is excellent for patients who recover after AKI episodes may not be universally accurate as CKD is emerging as a long-term consequence after AKI. Short-term mortality is lower in CKD patients with AKI.
Path planning for mine countermeasures command and control

The future success of Navy-Marine Corps operations in the extended littoral battlespace will depend critically on organic mine countermeasure capabilities. A battlegroup commander will require tools to rapidly detect, classify, and identify mines and form a tactical picture of mined areas, so a decision can be made to punch through the minefield, avoid it, or wait for dedicated mine countermeasures forces to clear it. We introduce here a command and control framework for mine countermeasures based on probabilistic classification and multicriteria path planning under uncertainty. Data from probabilistic mine classifiers can be used by a path planning tool to generate information comparing the relative utility and risk associated with different routes through a minefield. We are developing a dynamic path planning tool that can be adjusted to manage safety versus time to objective, constructing alternate paths of varying time and risk through a minefield. It will evaluate alternative routes while searching for low risk paths. A risk management framework can be used to describe the relative values of such different factors as risk versus time to objective, giving the capability to balance path safety against other mission objectives. We are also adding visualization techniques to display mines with uncertain locations and highlight alternative routes through minefields and obstacles. Our goal is to present a commander the most useful tactical picture of mined areas for decision-making.
Momentum and heat transfer across freely-falling turbulent liquid films

Abstract This work centers on the transport processes in turbulent liquid films undergoing heating or surface evaporation. A new semi-empirical turbulence model is presented. It consists of a single continuous eddy-viscosity profile which spans the entire liquid layer. Numerical calculations reveal good agreement with experimental data for freely-falling films. It was found that it is impossible to obtain universal correlations for different fluids in terms of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers alone since the heat transfer data display strong dependence on the Kapitza number below Re = 10,000 . The Kapitza number accounts for the effects of surface tension and viscosity on the turbulence structure near the free surface of the film. Turbulent-film correlations similar to those used in conventional internal or external flows are recommended for higher Reynolds numbers.
Can Diversity Training Discriminate? Backlash to Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Diversity Initiatives

A growing number of companies are including lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) issues as part of their diversity initiatives and training. A potential problem with including LGB issues is the backlash from some employees who believe that such orientations are wrong. Further, given existing civil rights legislation it is not unreasonable for these employees to feel that their religious beliefs should be accommodated. This requires the organization to carefully balance the rights of religious objectors to such training while providing adequate support for LGB employees. This paper analyzes three cases where employees felt they were discriminated against because of their belief systems. In addition to identifying the key factors that led to the feelings of discrimination, the paper offers suggestions to prevent future occurrences.
Performing and Positioning Orthography in Peruvian CMC

Using positioning theory and notions of stylization and performance, we examine alternative orthographies posted in Spanish on a Peruvian radio station's website. These posts were reactions to a published photo of Peruvian indigenous congresswoman Hilaria Supa's orthographic errors in notes she took during a congressional meeting. Contrary to our original assumptions, we find that commenters who used Spanish CMC orthography were less likely to support Hilaria Supa's own Quechua-influenced orthography, while commenters using a hyper-normative Spanish orthography were more supportive of Supa. We discuss possible reasons for this contradiction, with findings that contribute to a growing body of literature on CMC in non-English speaking environments and suggest new beliefs regarding the use of nonstandard Spanish orthographies in asynchronous CMC environments.
Implications of Derived Rule Following of Roulette Gambling for Clinical Practice

Problem gambling is a global concern, and behavior analytic attention has increasingly focused on reasons for why problem gambling occurs and conditions under which it is maintained. However, limited knowledge currently exists on the process to which self-generated rules maintain gambling behaviors. Therefore, the current study assessed six recreational gamblers on a roulette game before and after discrimination training to establish a self-rule to wager on red or black. Following discrimination training, all six participants altered their response allocation among red or black and consistently responded according to the newly derived self-rule. Results maintained during 1-week follow-up sessions across all participants. Implications for clinical application of self-awareness and self-generated rule following are discussed.
Microorganisms in polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration.

Abstract This study examined the microflora in 11 barrier membranes around teeth with furcation involvement or 2 to 3 wall intrabony defects and in 16 membranes around implants with various types of bony defects. Total viable counts and the occurrence of selected microbial species were determined by non-selective and selective culture and by DNA probes. Study sites were examined for probing pocket depth and attachment level. All tooth-associated membranes yielded high levels of microorganisms. 4 of 5 teeth with membranes harboring less than 10s organisms gained 3 mm or more in probing attachment, whereas 6 teeth with membranes with more than 108 organisms exhibited loss or only small gains in attachment. 3 membranes with high levels of black-pigmented anaerobic rods lost 1 to 2 mm of attachment. Ten implant-associated membranes with no cultivable microorganisms demonstrated a mean probing gain of 4.9 mm. 6 implants with infected membranes only gained an average of 2.0 mm of supportive bone. The present findings underscore the importance of controlling or eliminating periodontal pathogens on barrier membranes in order to gain new attachment.
Tectonostratigraphic and geochronologic constraints on evolution of the northeast Paleotethys from the Songpan-Ganzi complex, central China

Abstract The Middle to Late Triassic deep-water deposits that form the Songpan-Ganzi complex (SGC) of central China comprise an estimated ~ 2.0 × 106 km3 of detrital material that accumulated in the northeasternmost branch of the Paleotethys. A review of existing data demonstrates significant spatial and temporal variations in the stratigraphic and petrologic character of these turbidites. These variations are used to divide the complex into different depocenters: a northeastern depocenter (SGC-NE), a eastern–central depocenter (SGC-EC) and a northwestern depocenter (SGC-NW). Turbidite strata of the SGC-NE and SGC-EC zones of the Songpan-Ganzi complex are linked to the collision of the North China and South China blocks, whereas turbidite strata of the SGC-NW area are likely to be more closely affiliated with evolution of the Kunlun deformation belt. To test the validity of the Songpan-Ganzi stratigraphic framework and interpretations of its tectonostratigraphic evolution, sixty-eight U–Pb zircon ages were determined from five samples of felsic intrusive igneous rock, two samples from felsic plutonic rock of the adjacent Yidun arc complex, and one sample of volcanic rock interbedded with Middle Triassic turbidites of the SGC using the Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe-Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP-RG). Together these data indicate primarily Late Triassic (~ 214–211 Ma) felsic magmatism in the SGC, with some indication of magmatic activity beginning as early as Middle Triassic (220 Ma). Zircon ages from the Yidun arc complex support Middle–Late Triassic magmatism from 225–215 Ma, prior to deformation of the SGC, suggesting deformation of the SGC was not related to subduction of the SGC substrate southwestward beneath the Yidun arc. Inherited Neoproterozoic (880–740 Ma) zircon ages found in two samples from the SGC-EC indicate either inheritance of zircon crystals from the surrounding SGC turbidite strata or possibly involvement of South China basement during crustal thickening and magma genesis.
Taxonomy, morphology, and suggested phylogeny of the dinoflagellate genus Druggidium

Abstract The new genus Druggidium is proposed for three species of dinoflagellates whose cysts share the following characteristics: small proximate cysts with cyst tabulation 3' or 4', Oa, 6?, 6c, 6'?, lp, 1??; two‐plate precingular archeopyle (2?‐3?), with operculum composed of two opercular pieces (2P) that are commonly adherent at the cingulum; and spatulate sulcus. The species are Druggidium apicopaucicum sp. nov. and type for the genus, D, deflandrei (Millioud) comb. nov. and emended, and D. rhabdoreticulatum sp. nov. An iterative monophyletic lineage is proposed, based on the model of increasing tract texture. During the Berriasian or Valanginian, D. apicopaucicum evolved to D. deflandrei through development of tract alveolation. D. rhabdoreticulatum evolved from D. deflandrei during the Valanginian through modification of the alveolate tract to one that supported a raised reticulate membrane.
Social Control and Intersectionality: A Multilevel Analysis of School Misconduct, Location, Race, Ethnicity, and Sex

Adolescent violence and misconduct, especially within schools, is a top sociological and educational concern because of the detrimental effects on adolescent physical health, emotional well-being, and educational progress. Concurrently, public schools in the United States are in the midst of a demographic transformation. More importantly, prior research suggests contextual characteristics are associated with rates of deviant behavior particularly in urban areas where racial and ethnic minorities reside. What remains uncertain, however, is the relationship between social control, intersectionality, and school misconduct. This study utilizes data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 and incorporates multilevel modeling techniques to examine how the link between social control and adolescent school misconduct may differ by race, ethnicity, and biological sex in urban, rural, and suburban locations. The results suggest intersectionality may matter when understanding the associations between social co...
Diagnostic accuracy of rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion imaging with hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of coronary artery disease.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rubidium-82 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Detection of Coronary Artery DiseaseUchechukwu K. Sampson, Sharmi...
Partially homogeneous partially ordered sets

Abstract We construct continuum many nonisomorphic ℵ 0 -categorical posets which are 3- and not 4-homogeneous. Variants of our construction yield 2- and not 3-homogeneous posets, and yield as many non-ℵ 0 -categorical posets with the same degree of homogeneity. These examples answer questions of Droste and Macpherson.