cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Key computational modeling issues in Integrated Computational Materials Engineering

Designing materials for targeted performance requirements as required in Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) demands a combined strategy of bottom-up and top-down modeling and simulation which treats various levels of hierarchical material structure as a mathematical representation, with infusion of systems engineering and informatics to deal with differing model degrees of freedom and uncertainty. Moreover, with time, the classical materials selection approach is becoming generalized to address concurrent design of microstructure or mesostructure to satisfy product-level performance requirements. Computational materials science and multiscale mechanics models play key roles in evaluating performance metrics necessary to support materials design. The interplay of systems-based design of materials with multiscale modeling methodologies is at the core of materials design. In high performance alloys and composite materials, maximum performance is often achieved within a relatively narrow window of process path and resulting microstructures. Much of the attention to ICME in the materials community has focused on the role of generating and representing data, including methods for characterization and digital representation of microstructure, as well as databases and model integration. On the other hand, the computational mechanics of materials and multidisciplinary design optimization communities are grappling with many fundamental issues related to stochasticity of processes and uncertainty of data, models, and multiscale modeling chains in decision-based design. This paper explores computational and information aspects of design of materials with hierarchical microstructures and identifies key underdeveloped elements essential to supporting ICME. One of the messages of this overview paper is that ICME is not simply an assemblage of existing tools, for such tools do not have natural interfaces to material structure nor are they framed in a way that quantifies sources of uncertainty and manages uncertainty in representing physical phenomena to support decision-based design.
Management of Intractable Hypoglycemia With Yttirum-90 Radioembolization in a Patient With Malignant Insulinoma

Metastatic insulinomas may present with recurrent life-threatening hypoglycemia. Treatment of hypoglycemia in such patients is difficult and frequently fails to respond to numerous therapeutic agents, requiring continuous dextrose infusion. The authors present our experience with Yttirum-90 radioembolization in a patient with metastatic malignant insulinoma who failed to respond to distal pancreatectomy, systemic chemotherapy with capecitabine and everolimus and medical treatment with somatostatin analogues, diazoxide and corticosteroids. Treatment with repeated Y-90 radioembolization resulted in rapid resolution of hypoglycemic events, allowing discontinuation of dextrose infusion and hospital discharge. However, the effect of Y-90 administration seems to be transient and without evidence of tumor shrinkage in imaging studies.
Gay–Straight Alliance Advisors: Negotiating Multiple Ecological Systems When Advocating for LGBTQ Youth

This qualitative study investigated the barriers and facilitators that advisors of gay–straight alliances encounter when advocating for LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) youth within schools. Twenty-two advisors were interviewed, and data revealed that multiple ecological systems (e.g., sociocultural, school, and individual factors) interacted to create barriers and facilitators to advocacy for LGBTQ youth. Results suggested an ecological systems perspective to advocacy in which advisors exist in multiple ecological systems simultaneously. An understanding of how these systems interact to create barriers and facilitators to advocacy may assist advisors in effectively working within these systems in order to create significant, lasting change in schools.
Glaucoma prevalence and the intake of iron and calcium in a population-based study.

AbstractPurpose: Previous work has suggested a possible relationship between nutritional supplementation with iron and calcium, and a diagnosis of glaucoma. The present study investigates the association between dietary and total calcium and iron consumption with a diagnosis of glaucoma.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 6316 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005–2008), age 40 or older, who participated in the dietary interview portion of NHANES. Intake of the oxidants calcium and iron was assessed using the National Cancer Institute Method of analyzing data from multiple 24-h dietary recall interviews. Participants self-reported the presence or absence of glaucoma as well as information pertaining to demographics, health-related behaviors and comorbidities.Results: Adjusted odds of glaucoma increased with higher total consumption of calcium (p-trend <0.0001) and iron (p-trend <0.0001). Adjusted odds of glaucoma was significantly greater for total calc...
MRI, CT, and PET/CT for Ovarian Cancer Detection and Adnexal Lesion Characterization

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of MR, CT, and PET/CT in the detection of ovarian cancer and the evaluation of adnexal lesions.CONCLUSION. The goal of imaging in ovarian cancer detection is to expeditiously distinguish benign adnexal lesions from those requiring further pathologic evaluation for malignancy. For lesions indeterminate on ultrasound, MRI increases the specificity of imaging evaluation, thus decreasing benign resections. CT is useful in diagnosis and treatment planning of advanced cancer. Although 18F-FDG-avid ovarian lesions in postmenopausal women are considered suspicious for malignancy, PET/CT is not recommended for primary cancer detection because of high false-positive rates.
THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE AZOALKANES

— New evidence is presented to help define the nature of the excited states and the primary processes involved in the gas phase photolysis of the azoalkanes. Kinetic data derived from direct and sensitized photolysis of azoisobutane are presented. The present data and other published data are considered in the formulation of the suggested mechanism. RESUMEN Se presenta una nuevo evidencia que ayuda a deflnir la naturaleza de los estados excitados y de los procesos primarios que involucran la fotolisis en fase gaseosa de log azoalquenos. Se exponen datos cineticos obtenidos a partir de la fotolisis directa ya sensitivizada del azoisobutano. Los datos presentes y otros publicados estan considerados en laformulacion del sugerido mecanismo.
Modeling and estimation of dependent subspaces with non-radially symmetric and skewed densities

We extend the Gaussian scale mixture model of dependent subspace source densities to include non-radially symmetric densities using Generalized Gaussian random variables linked by a common variance. We also introduce the modeling of skew in source densities and subspaces using a generalization of the Normal Variance-Mean mixture model. We give closed form expressions for subspace likelihoods and parameter updates in the EM algorithm.
Reflected shear wave imaging of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic risk stratification may be improved by identifying soft lipid-rich or necrotic plaque regions, fibrous caps, calcium deposits, and other plaque components with disparate mechanical impedances. Mechanical impedance interfaces reflect acoustic radiation force (ARF)-induced shear waves. For the purpose of detecting these shear wave reflections, we developed a novel method as an adjunct to conventional ARFI called reflected shear wave imaging (RSWI). RSWI identifies shear wave reflections in tissue as inflections in 1D axial displacement profiles measured in the ARF region of excitation. This technique generates parametric images of shear wave reflections (SWRs) using only conventional 2D ARFI data sets. RSWI was performed on three familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) porcine iliac arteries, two ex vivo and one in vivo. Our results suggest that RSWI improves identification of soft, lipid-rich or necrotic plaque regions near fibrous cap, calcium, and collagen deposits. RSWI supports shear wave velocity (SWV) estimation, which may be useful for quantitative ARF-based imaging.
Toward a More Inclusive Applied Linguistics and English Language Teaching: A Symposium

Finally, it is important to consider critical applied linguistics within a global context. The principal concern here is whether the sort of critical applied linguistics I discuss here has sufficient relevance for a diversity of contexts. Is it perhaps just an Anglo-American view of the world? (Pennycook, 2001, p. 171)
Bubble Nasal CPAP, Early Surfactant Treatment, and Rapid Extubation Are Associated With Decreased Incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Newborns: Efficacy and Safety Considerations

BACKGROUND: Current literature has been inconsistent in demonstrating that minimizing the duration of mechanical ventilation in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns reduces lung damage. OBJECTIVE: To determine if introduction of bubble nasal CPAP (bnCPAP), early surfactant treatment, and rapid extubation (combined bnCPAP strategy) in our community-based neonatal ICU reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS: This was a 7-year retrospective, single-institution review of respiratory outcomes in 633 VLBW babies before and after introduction of the combined bnCPAP strategy. Coincident changes in newborn care were taken into account with a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The average percentage of VLBW newborns with BPD decreased to 25.8% from 35.4% (P = .02), reaching a minimum in the last post-bnCPAP year of 22.1% (P = .02). When other coincident changes in newborn care during the study years were taken into account, VLBW babies in the post-bnCPAP years had a 43% lower chance of developing BPD (P = .003, odds ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.75). Decreases occurred in mechanical ventilation and the percentage of infants discharged on diuretics and on supplemental oxygen. Among the subset of extremely-low-birth-weight newborns, improved respiratory outcomes in the post-bnCPAP years, as compared to outcomes in the pre-bnCPAP years, included an increase in the percentage alive and off mechanical ventilation at 1 week postnatal age (P CONCLUSIONS: A combined BnCPAP strategy may contribute to a reduction of BPD, after adjusting for concurrent treatments.
New locomotion gaits

This paper investigates new modes of robot land locomotion, in particular statically stable non-wheeled, non-tracked locomotion. These locomotion gaits are accomplished by a reconfigurable modular robot called Polypod using a control scheme combining a small number of primitive control modes for each module. The design of Polypod is first reviewed, then two and three-dimensional locomotion gaits are described along with two "exotic" gaits. These gaits have been implemented on Polypod or simulated on a graphic workstation. >
Genes, Environments, Personality, and Successful Aging: Toward a Comprehensive Developmental Model in Later Life

Given considerations such as increased longevity and rapidly aging populations in the United States and abroad, efforts to understand mechanisms of successful aging are receiving increased attention. Research in this area has identified some apparent predictors of physical, cognitive, and emotional health in later life, which include both genetic and environmental influences. Because environments represent all nongenetic effects, environmental, and quasi-environmental, influences can be conceptualized broadly to encompass protective/risk factors and behavioral patterns in which individuals engage. For instance, they can easily be conceptualized as “purely” environmental influences, such as literal environments (eg, lead exposure). They can also be more complex influences that reflect environmental exposures (eg, a lifetime of smoking) that may arise partly from genetic influences (eg, genes predisposing an individual to develop nicotine dependence). Using this definition, environmental influences affect a wide array of successful aging constructs (ie, constructs associated with improved longevity as well as higher quality of life as individuals age). Environmental influences range from the biological (eg, longevity) to the psychological (eg, optimism, resilience) to the social (eg, social integration) (1). Untangling the complex direct causal effects of, and interactions among, genetic and environmental influences will be critical to public health efforts to promote successful aging in the coming years. For instance, although social integration may show positive associations with aspects of successful aging, interventions to improve quality of life by strengthening social ties might fail if these associations reflected reverse causation (eg, continued good health is the cause of increased social integration, as opposed to functioning in the opposite direction) or the presence of a third variable with broad impacts, such as underlying genetic factors. The purpose of the current report is to outline the beginnings of a framework to unravel the complex genetic and environmental influences on successful aging. This framework integrates individual differences in personality as a potential explanatory mechanism and highlights newer behavior genetic methods that can lead to stronger causal inferences due to their novel design features. The wide variability in many outcomes of successful aging suggests numerous opportunities to apply such models toward understanding the sources of this variation.
Improving processor performance by simplifying and bypassing trivial computations

During the course of a program's execution, a processor performs mangy trivial computations; that is, computations that can be simplified or where the result is zero, one, or equal to one of the input operands. This paper shows that, despite compiling a program with aggressive optimizations (-O3), approximately 30% of all arithmetic instructions, which account for 12% of all dynamic instructions, are trivial computations. The amount of trivial computation is not heavily dependent on the program's specific input values. Our results show that eliminating trivial computations dynamically at run-time yields an average speedup of 8% for a typical processor. Even for a very aggressive processor (i.e. one with no functional unit constraints), the average speedup is still 6%. It also is important to note that the area cost (i.e. hardware) required to dynamically detect and eliminate these trivial computations is very low, consisting of only a few comparators and multiplexers.
A fast coarse filtering method for peptide identification by mass spectrometry

Motivation: We reformulate the problem of comparing mass-spectra by mapping spectra to a vector space model. Our search method leverages a metric space indexing algorithm to produce an initial candidate set, which can be followed by any fine ranking scheme. Results: We consider three distance measures integrated into a multi-vantage point index structure. Of these, a semi-metric fuzzy-cosine distance using peptide precursor mass constraints performs the best. The index acts as a coarse, lossless filter with respect to the SEQUEST and ProFound scoring schemes, reducing the number of distance computations and returned candidates for fine filtering to about 0.5% and 0.02% of the database respectively. The fuzzy cosine distance term improves specificity over a peptide precursor mass filter, reducing the number of returned candidates by an order of magnitude. Run time measurements suggest proportional speedups in overall search times. Using an implementation of ProFound's Bayesian score as an example of a fine filter on a test set of Escherichia coli protein fragmentation spectra, the top results of our sample system are consistent with that of SEQUEST. Contact: smriti@cs.utexas.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Regulation of ku70-bax complex in cells

Ku70, a DNA repair factor in the nucleus, also regulates cell death by binding to the apoptotic protein Bax in the cytoplasm. Acetylation of Ku70 triggers Bax release resulting in Bax dependent cell death. Thus dissociating Bax from Ku70, either by inhibiting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) that deacetylates Ku70 or by increasing Ku70 acetylation induces cell death. Our results showed that in neuroblastoma cells, the depletion of Ku70 results in Bax-dependent cell death. This model provides a rationale for screening Ku70 acetylation modulators that can be tested in clinical trials, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy or DNA-damaging agents for the treatment of cancer.
An Expected Utility Theory of International Conflict

An expected utility theory of necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for the initiation and escalation of serious international conflicts, including war, is proposed. The theory leads to the seemingly obvious generalization that actors do not initiate wars—or serious disputes—if they do not expect to gain from doing so. Underlying that generalization are a number of counterintuitive deductions. For instance, I show that though a weak nonaligned state cannot rationally attack a stronger nonaligned nation, it might be able to attack a stronger adversary that, in addition to its own strength, expects to derive support from allies. I also show that serious conflict is more likely between very close allies than between enemies. Systematic tests, using data on serious international threats, military interventions, and interstate wars, as well as 17 cases of known attempts at deterrence, show very substantial support for the expected utility propositions deduced from the theory.
What Social Workers say in Groups of Clients

There is a shared fantasy amongst social workers about what goes on in groups. The fantasy has a number of slightly varied forms but usually involves one impassive person, apparently free from anxiety, who may call himself a conductor, a consultant, a group leader or a group therapist. This sphinx sits as part of a circle of patients or clients who are of mixed sexes and preferably seven or eight in number. This group meets for a fixed time at regular intervals, and attendance, although remarkably regular, is of course entirely voluntary. The members meet each other only in the group and have no individual contact with the leader; any attempt at such contact is 'brought into the group'. The leader is 'permissive', a word which in this fantasy describes behaviour on his part which is often the opposite of the usual meaning of the word. The leader seldom speaks, never answers questions and never breaks a silence. When he does say something, it is an interpretation, always directed at the group as a whole and exposing the underlying feelings in the group, which are usually very negative feelings towards him as leader. Whether or not such groups actually exist is perhaps not important. If such a fantasy exists it helps to explain both the fear that social workers have about venturing into the use of groups with their clients and also the fascination which the idea of groups seems to hold—for who would not be fascinated at the idea of something so bizarre and so powerful which, in addition, is said to be therapeutic? The reality of what social workers do and say in groups of their own clients is very different, and it is with an attempt to explore some of the reality that this article is concerned. It arose out of an extra-mural class for social workers who were actually running groups for their clients. After a
Articulated hip distraction: a treatment option for femoral head avascular necrosis in adolescence

Purpose: To describe the clinical outcomes of adolescent patients treated with articulated hip distraction (AHD) for avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. Outcomes were examined in order to better understand the usefulness of and indications for performing hip arthrodiastasis in this patient population. Methods: Retrospective review was performed on 31 hips with femoral head AVN treated with AHD. Mean age at treatment was 14.7 years. Preoperative and follow-up pain and physical limitations, as well as follow-up range of motion, were assessed. Results: Follow-up assessment was obtained at 18.7 years. Time of follow-up was 57.4 months after distraction. The etiologies of AVN were the following: 10 slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), 5 idiopathic AVN, 3 with hip dysplasia, and 12 others. There was a significant difference in pain preoperatively and postoperatively (P < 0.001), most patients (78.6%, n = 22) had less pain after the treatment. Multivariate regression model demonstrated that patients with SCFE were likely to have less improvement in pain than patients with other etiologies (odds ratio, 22.7; P = 0.035). All patients had activity limitations before the treatment; at the postoperative assessment, half of our patients (n = 14) reported no limitations in their regular daily activities. Eight patients had minor complications with the fixator. At follow-up, 5 patients (17.2%) converted to total hip replacement or arthrodesis. Survival rates were 90.6% at 5 years, 77.7% at 10 years, and 38.8% at 15 years. Conclusions: Hip distraction arthroplasty in adolescent patients with symptomatic AVN reduces the amount of pain and limitation in daily activities at a follow-up of 4.7 years. Arthrodiastasis is not the final solution to AVN. With longer follow-up, patient's symptoms increases. Patients with AVN secondary to SCFE do not seem to benefit from this procedure as much as other patients do. Articulated hip distraction is a safe and appropriate procedure to perform in these patients. The procedure might be able to delay definitive surgical procedures at an early age, restoring function and improving the patient's quality of life.
Relationship of body specific gravity to body fat and water content.

Summary1. Body fat and water can be calculated from body specific gravity with considerable accuracy.2. Use of an independent method of measuring body water clearly shows the close inverse relationship of per cent body fat and per cent body water.3. The proportion of water in the body is highly variable unless it is expressed in terms of fat-free tissue (lean body mass.)
A novel multiple reference model adaptive control approach for multimodal and dynamic systems

This paper presents a fuzzy multiple-reference-model generator-based Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) framework for controlling systems that perform a wide range of operating conditions. Following a rule base, the Fuzzy Logic Switching Scheme (FLSS) effectively monitors changes in operating conditions or such drastic changes in plant parameters, and generates a fuzzified reference model output. Then, a single adaptive controller forces the plant output to track the reference, even when plant mode changes. The proposed fuzzy switching Multiple Reference Model Adaptive Controller (MRMAC) is effective as well as feasible for online application, monitoring the plant output at selected control intervals. Unlike static multiple-model algorithms for switching (individual model-based filters do not interact) or switching dynamic algorithms (which are susceptible to numerical overflow), this scheme provides an interactive multiple model generator with soft switching. The strength of the scheme is demonstrated by an application to a theoretical system with disturbed model parameters and for the position tracking of a single-link manipulator. Investigation results show that the proposed scheme performs very positively at different operating modes.
Dopamine and the Adolescent Brain: Do Errors in Prediction Make the Difference?

Adolescence is associated with major social and cognitive changes, and it is known to be associated with an increased propensity for risky and impulsive behaviors compared with other developmental stages. These observations have led to a vigorous research agenda addressing the question of how increased risk factors for maladaptive decision making are due to specific differences in the adolescent reward system—for example, a hypersensitivity of the dopaminergic system (1).
Early Gastric Cancer

Early gastric cancer is a unique form of gastric carcinoma with an excellent prognosis. Now recognized worldwide, this tumor is most commonly diagnosed in Japan secondary to aggressive screening practices. Early detection is dependent on a low threshold for esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsies, because specific symptoms and physical findings or diagnostic laboratory tests are rarely present with early gastric cancer. Once the disease is diagnosed, subtotal gastrectomy achieves survival rates equivalent to those of age-matched controls. Consideration of total gastrectomy is warranted with proximal tumor location or multicentric carcinoma. Radical lymphadenectomy should be undertaken in patients with regional nodal metastasis. After operative resection, patient outcome is usually excellent. Large submucosal tumors with an aneuploid DNA pattern and nodal involvement denote a more ominous outlook. Close patient follow-up is necessary to detect both the uncommon recurrence and the more common nongastric malignancy.
Survival with dialysis versus kidney transplantation in adult hemolytic uremic syndrome patients: A fifteen-year study of the waiting list

BACKGROUND Survival data are lacking for kidney transplant recipients with rare native end-stage renal disease (ESRD) etiologies. There is currently no large registry study comparing dialysis versus kidney transplantation survival outcomes of waitlisted adults with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied adult-HUS end-stage renal disease patients (n = 559) placed on the US kidney transplant waitlist in 1996 to 2011. We analyzed 5-year transplantation and patient survival probabilities and risk factors using Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazards models, respectively. Using similar models, waitlist and transplantation outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and glomerulonephritis (GN) were analyzed, and then compared with HUS patients. RESULTS Compared with waitlisted adult HUS patients on dialysis, 5-year mortality risks were 73% and 48% lower in recipients of living (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.11-0.65) and standard deceased (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29-0.94) donor kidney transplants, respectively. Mortality risks over 5 years were 44%, 50%, 54%, and 55% lower in the overall transplant recipient cohorts than in the dialysis-maintained cohorts within the HUS (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.91), HTN (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.48-0.52), GN (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.44-0.49), and DM (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.44-0.47) groups, respectively. Five-year transplantation probability in the waitlisted HUS cohort was 60% versus 42% to 49% (P < 0.001) in the DM and HTN cohorts, and 62% (P = 0.93) in the GN cohort. CONCLUSIONS Living and standard criteria deceased donor kidney transplants provide significant survival benefit over dialysis in waitlisted adults with HUS. On the waitlist, the 5-year transplantation probability was higher in HUS than in DM and HTN patients.
Occupational exposures and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): comparison of a COPD-specific job exposure matrix and expert-evaluated occupational exposures

Objectives To compare the occupational exposure levels assigned by our National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-specific job exposure matrix (NIOSH COPD JEM) and by expert evaluation of detailed occupational information for various jobs held by members of an integrated health plan in the Northwest USA. Methods We analysed data from a prior study examining COPD and occupational exposures. Jobs were assigned exposure levels using 2 methods: (1) the COPD JEM and (2) expert evaluation. Agreement (Cohen9s κ coefficients), sensitivity and specificity were calculated to compare exposure levels assigned by the 2 methods for 8 exposure categories. Results κ indicated slight to moderate agreement (0.19–0.51) between the 2 methods and was highest for organic dust and overall exposure. Sensitivity of the matrix ranged from 33.9% to 68.5% and was highest for sensitisers, diesel exhaust and overall exposure. Specificity ranged from 74.7% to 97.1% and was highest for fumes, organic dust and mineral dust. Conclusions This COPD JEM was compared with exposures assigned by experts and offers a generalisable approach to assigning occupational exposure.
In vivo quantification of aortic stiffness using MR elastography in hypertensive porcine model.

Purpose Aortic stiffness plays an important role in evaluating and predicting the progression of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). The aim of this study is to determine the stiffness of aortic wall using MR elastography (MRE) in a hypertensive porcine model and compare it against invasive aortic pressure measurements. Methods Renal wrapping surgery was performed on eight pigs to induce SAH. Aortic MRE was performed at baseline and 2 months postsurgery using a retrospectively pulse-gated gradient-echo MRE sequence on a 1.5 tesla scanner. Mechanical waves of 70 Hz were introduced into the aorta. Invasive central aortic pressure measurements were obtained prior to each scan to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP). MRE data were analyzed to obtain effective aortic stiffness. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between MAP and MRE-derived aortic stiffness. Results Significant increase in effective aortic stiffness was observed between baseline and 2 months postsurgery measurements (paired t test; P = 0.004). The average MAP, determined by pooling all animals, was 65.24 ± 9.42 mm Hg at baseline and 92.57 ± 11.80 mm Hg 2 months postsurgery with P < 0.0001. Moderate linear correlation was observed between MAP and effective aortic stiffness (ρ = 0.52; P = 0.046). Conclusion This study demonstrated that, in a SAH porcine model, MRE-derived aortic stiffness increased with increase in MAP. Magn Reson Med 78:2315–2321, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Fast and self-learning indoor airflow simulation based on in situ adaptive tabulation

Fast simulation for stratified indoor airflow distributions is desired for various applications, such as design of advanced indoor environments, emergency management, and coupled annual energy simulation for buildings with stratified air distributions. Reduced order models trained by pre-computed computational fluid dynamics results are fast, but their prediction may be inaccurate when applied for conditions outside the training domain. To overcome this limitation, we propose a fast and self-learning model based on an in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) algorithm, which is trained by a fast fluid dynamics (FFD) model as an example. The idea is that the ISAT will retrieve the solutions from an existing data set if the estimated prediction error is within a pre-defined tolerance. Otherwise, the ISAT will execute the FFD simulation, which is accelerated by running in parallel on a graphics processing unit, for a full-scale simulation. This paper systematically investigates the feasibility of the ISAT for indo...
Three Unique Barium Manganese Vanadates from High-Temperature Hydrothermal Brines.

Three new barium manganese vanadates, all containing hexagonal barium chloride layers interpenetrated by [V2O7]4– groups, were synthesized using a high-temperature (580 °C) hydrothermal method. Two of the compounds were prepared from a mixed BaCl2/Ba(OH)2 mineralizer, and the third compound was prepared from BaCl2 mineralizer. An interesting structural similarity exists between two of the compounds, Ba2Mn(V2O7)(OH)Cl and Ba4Mn2(V2O7)(VO4)2O(OH)Cl. These two compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z = 4, and are structurally related by a nearly doubled a axis. The first structure, Ba2Mn(V2O7)(OH)Cl (I) (a = 15.097(3) A, b = 6.1087(12) A, c = 9.5599(19) A), consists of octahedral manganese(II) edge-sharing chains linked by pyrovanadate [V2O7] groups, generating a three-dimensional structure. Compound II, Ba4Mn2(V2O7)(VO4)2O(OH)Cl (a = 29.0814(11) A, b = 6.2089(2) A, c = 9.5219(4) A), is composed of manganese(III) edge-sharing chains that are coordinated to one another through pyrovanadat...
On the role of forces governing particulate interactions in pharmaceutical systems: A review

Process understanding for designing, optimizing and scaling of pharmaceutical unit operations is fundamentally important to address concerns of high risks, monumental costs, and productivity decline in the pharmaceutical industry. This is especially important in the rapidly changing landscape of the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical processes majorly deal with multiphase, multicomponent flows, basics of which are discussed in terms of fundamental contact and non-contact forces. Also, basics of multiphase flow regimes, powder flow, and pertinent process modeling techniques relevant to pharmaceutical unit operations are discussed. The most fundamental contact and non-contact forces are then reviewed in detail on their molecular or physical origin, factors which influence these forces, numerical formalisms and modeling strategies to simulate flows and processes of pharmaceutical interest.
Blind System Identification and Equalization

Abstract In this paper, we presents some new results on blind system identification and equalization, especially blind equalization for a class of time-varying channels. A decision feedback structure is proposed which is simple and convergent.
Lasers, Electron Beams, Plasma Arcs

High energy heat sources used to melt and fuse metal are widely used in industry. While laser and electron beam processing have been in use for 50 years or more, and arc welding for more than a century, the fundamentals of these processes are often poorly understood. The increased automation of these metal processing systems further remove the operator or engineer from the basic function and control of these heat sources, the molten pool and ultimately the fused metal deposit. AM metal processing systems often operate within the confines of an enclosed chamber and at high speeds creating extremely small molten pools further obscuring the basic functioning of the process. This chapter describes the basic function of these heat sources, what happens when a high energy beam or arc heats a metal surface to melt and fuse powder or wire into shaped parts. The use of auxiliary and additional heat sources during AM processing and post-processing is introduced.
The relationship between physical and psychological symptoms and health care utilization in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer.

BACKGROUND Patients with advanced cancer often experience frequent and prolonged hospitalizations; however, the factors associated with greater health care utilization have not been described. We sought to investigate the relation between patients' physical and psychological symptom burden and health care utilization. METHODS We enrolled patients with advanced cancer and unplanned hospitalizations from September 2014-May 2016. Upon admission, we assessed physical (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]) and psychological symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 4 [PHQ-4]). We examined the relationship between symptom burden and healthcare utilization using linear regression for hospital length of stay (LOS) and Cox regression for time to first unplanned readmission within 90 days. We adjusted all models for age, sex, marital status, comorbidity, education, time since advanced cancer diagnosis, and cancer type. RESULTS We enrolled 1,036 of 1,152 (89.9%) consecutive patients approached. Over one-half reported moderate/severe fatigue, poor well being, drowsiness, pain, and lack of appetite. PHQ-4 scores indicated that 28.8% and 28.0% of patients had depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The mean hospital LOS was 6.3 days, and the 90-day readmission rate was 43.1%. Physical symptoms (ESAS: unstandardized coefficient [B], 0.06; P < .001), psychological distress (PHQ-4 total: B, 0.11; P = .040), and depression symptoms (PHQ-4 depression: B, 0.22; P = .017) were associated with longer hospital LOS. Physical (ESAS: hazard ratio, 1.01; P < .001), and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-4 anxiety: hazard ratio, 1.06; P = .045) were associated with a higher likelihood for readmission. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized patients with advanced cancer experience a high symptom burden, which is significantly associated with prolonged hospitalizations and readmissions. Interventions are needed to address the symptom burden of this population to improve health care delivery and utilization. Cancer 2017;123:4720-4727. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Transition metal hydride complexes as mechanistic models for proton reduction catalysis

Abstract The paper presents a brief overview of the role of metal hydride complexes in understanding the dynamics of hydrogen generation in homogeneous water reduction catalysts. In addition, the kinetics of protonation of [Os(phen)2(CO)(H)]+ and the one-electron reduced form of the complex, [Os(phen)(phen−)(CO)(H)], in acetonitrile solution were examined. The monocationic complex reacted with tosylic acid to form a distinct intermediate species which was found to be a dihydrogen complex; this went on to produce hydrogen and the solvento complex. The one-electron reduced complex was prepared by reduction of the photoexcited monocationic complex with the sacrificial donor BIH. Protonation of the reduced complex by tosylic acid occurred with a rate constant approximately 100 million times larger. The results are used to address possible mechanistic pathways of existing homogeneous catalysts.
Training Health Professions preceptors in rural practices: A challenge for Interprofessional practice and education.

The ever-increasing mandate for interprofessional practice and education (IPE) faces challenges in rural settings. Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) launched a preceptor development program...
Turkey and the West: fault lines in a troubled alliance

Turkey and the West is an exceptionally timely volume, and Kemal Kirisci, director of the Turkey Project at the Brookings Institution, is well-placed to write it. It is a thoughtful reflection on c...
Competitive metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures in porous media biofilms

Complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are usually present in contaminated sites. This may influence biodegradation patterns and changes in biofilm growth and development. Biodegradation studies of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were conducted in sole-substrate systems and in binary and tertiary mixtures to examine substrate interactions on biofilms in porous media systems. It was shown that phenanthrene and pyrene could not be degraded as sole carbon sources in the system, but binary systems of the 3- and 4-ring PAHs with acetate and naphthalene supplements stimulated their degradation, with up to 87.9% and 70.1% removal efficiencies respectively. However, in the tertiary systems the presence of phenanthrene inhibited pyrene degradation. Adsorption of PAHs to sand media was determined to be negligible. Biofilm growth, development and changes in composition were analyzed over time; these showed increases in both firmly and loosely attached viable biomass, as well as extracellular polymeric substance production that formed a complex matrix. Heterogeneous surface films and a variety of biological aggregate structures and growth patterns were observed by confocal microscopy.
Hairy cell leukemia: a tumor of pre-plasma cells

Monoclonal antibodies defining B-, T-, and myeloid-restricted cell surface antigens were used to characterize the lineage and state of differentiation of tumor cells isolated from 22 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). These tumors were shown to be of B lineage because they strongly expressed the B cell-restricted antigens B1 and B4 and lacked T cell- and monocyte-restricted antigens. Moreover, the strong expression of the plasma cell-associated PCA-1 antigen on the majority of hairy cells suggested that these tumors correspond to later stages of B cell ontogeny. Dual fluorescence experiments further confirmed that HCL splenocytes that coexpressed B1 and PCA-1 demonstrated both the morphology and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positivity of hairy cells. The observation that some hairy cells either spontaneously produce immunoglobulin (Ig) or could be induced to proliferate and secrete Ig provides complementary support for the view that HCL is a pre-plasma cell tumor. However, staining of hairy cells with anti-IL2R1 monoclonal antibody, which is directed to the T cell growth factor receptor and/or with the anti-Mo1 reagent, directed to C3bi complement receptor, distinguish these cells from currently identified B cells.
Elevation in serum troponin I predicts the benefit of tirofiban.

Background: Elevations in serum troponins among patients with acute coronary syndromes have been shown to identify those patients who are at high risk for poor outcome and who accrue larger relative benefits from aggressive antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies. We studied a group of patients from the PRISM-PLUS trial to explore whether simply using serum troponin I, a serum marker of cardiac injury, could predict benefit of GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonism with tirofiban.
Metabolism of Trophozoites

The protozoon Giardia lamblia is a member of the order Diplomonadida which includes a variety of binucleate flagellate parasites typically inhabiting the intestinal tract of mammals, birds, and reptiles (Kulda and Nohynkova, 1978). Each organism has eight flagella and a striated disc which might play a role in its attachment to enterocytes (Holberton, 1974). Although it lacks mitochondria and microbodies, G. lamblia is a typical eukaryote which contains lysosomelike organelles that give a positive histochemical reaction for acid phosphatase and can accumulate ferritin (Bockman and Winborn, 1968). This cellular organization, characterized by the absence of mitochondria, is also found in other groups of parasitic protozoa, including the Entamoeba spp. and trichomonads (Lindmark and Muller, 1973).
Petroleum and Natural Gas

The geography of oil and gas has long been an important topic in economic geography. Interest in oil and gas grew in the 1970s and geograhers are investigating problems and issues in oil and gas distribution, production, transport and use. Regional geography forms an important segment of the literature.
Molecular analysis of solid tumors (MAST): A protocol for comprehensive preclinical evaluation of pediatric solid tumors.

10036 Background: The genomic landscape of pediatric solid tumors is actively being investigated and to date, few recurrent actionable mutations have been identified. Using orthotopic xenografts, w...
Work standardization in assembly line

Mass industrial production makes it possible to significantly increase productivity of labour and to reduce costs compared to other production systems. However, there is still room for improvement. The article analyses the production of suction tube and suction modules at Robert Bosch Co., Ceske Budějovice and highlights new possibilities in organization of work emphasizing human potential. In the past, the operator-machine system was based on the superiority of the machine and its maximum utilization, with the operator contributing towards this end. Currently, the situation changes due to increased flexibility and the operator – and his integration in the shift - takes a lead role even if it means that the machine (assembly line) is idle for a certain time. Creation of work standards for various numbers of operators facilitates a flexible response to customer requirements offsetting the possible decline in production equipment productivity.
Opportunities presented by the forced occupation of liminal space: Under-represented faculty experiences and perspectives

In this article I employ the notion of the Third Space as a point of departure in order to expand and complicate our thinking about student-faculty partnerships, with the goal of enquiring into the acceptability of and comfort with such space for faculty who self-identify as underrepresented. I consider the practical and real repercussions for these faculty members of engaging in partnership in the context of a reality that is very much shaped by dominant cultural practices, and racial, social, and cultural hierarchies and divisions, and look at how the concept of the liminal space plays out in their professional lives. The findings presented in the article come out of a qualitative analysis of oral semi-structured interviews with underrepresented faculty.
Decreased density of cholinergic interneurons in striatal territories in Williams syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the hemideletion of approximately 25–28 genes at 7q11.23. Its unusual social and cognitive phenotype is most strikingly characterized by the disinhibition of social behavior, in addition to reduced global IQ, with a relative sparing of language ability. Hypersociality and increased social approach behavior in WS may represent a unique inability to inhibit responses to specific social stimuli, which is likely associated with abnormalities of frontostriatal circuitry. The striatum is characterized by a diversity of interneuron subtypes, including inhibitory parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+) and excitatory cholinergic interneurons (Ch+). Animal model research has identified an important role for these specialized cells in regulating social approach behavior. Previous research in humans identified a depletion of interneuron subtypes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we examined the density of PV+ and Ch+ interneurons in the striatum of 13 WS and neurotypical (NT) subjects. We found a significant reduction in the density of Ch+ interneurons in the medial caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens, important regions receiving cortical afferents from the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and circuitry involved in language and reward systems. No significant difference in the distribution of PV+ interneurons was found. The pattern of decreased Ch+ interneuron densities in WS differs from patterns of interneuron depletion found in other disorders.
Designing, Conducting, and Reporting Clinical Decision Support Studies: Recommendations and Call to Action

By enabling more efficient and effective medical decision making, computer-based clinical decision support (CDS) could unlock widespread benefits from the significant investment in electronic health record (EHR) systems in the United States. Evidence from high-quality CDS studies is needed to enable and support this vision of CDS-facilitated care optimization, but limited guidance is available in the literature for designing and reporting CDS studies. To address this research gap, this article provides recommendations for designing, conducting, and reporting CDS studies to: 1) ensure that EHR data to inform the CDS are available; 2) choose decision rules that are consistent with local care processes; 3) target the right users and workflows; 4) make the CDS easy to access and use; 5) minimize the burden placed on users; 6) incorporate CDS success factors identified in the literature, in particular the automatic provision of CDS as a part of clinician workflow; 7) ensure that the CDS rules are adequately tested; 8) select meaningful evaluation measures; 9) use as rigorous a study design as is feasible; 10) think about how to deploy the CDS beyond the original host organization; 11) report the study in context; 12) help the audience understand why the intervention succeeded or failed; and 13) consider the financial implications. If adopted, these recommendations should help advance the vision of more efficient, effective care facilitated by useful and widely available CDS.