cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An earth-gridded SSM/I data set for cryospheric studies and global change monitoring

Abstract The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) has distributed DMSP Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperature grids for the Polar Regions on CD-ROM since 1987. In order to expand this product to include all potential snow covered regions, the area of coverage is now global. The format for the global SSM/I data set is the Equal Area SSM/I Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) developed at NSIDC. The EASE-Grid has been selected as the format for the NASA/NOAA Pathfinder Program Level 3 Products which include both SSM/I and SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) data (1978–1987). Providing both data sets in the EASE-Grid will result in a 15 year time-series of satellite passive microwave data in a common format. The extent and variability of seasonal snow cover is recognized to be an important parameter in climate and hydrologic systems and trends in snow cover serve as an indicator of global climatic changes. Passive microwave data from satellites afford the possibility to monitor temporal and spatial variations in snow cover on the global scale, avoiding the problems of cloud cover and darkness. NSIDC is developing the capability to produce daily snow products from the DMSP-SSM/I satellite with a spatial resolution of 25 km. In order to provide a standard environment in which to validate SSM/I algorithm output, it is necessary to assemble baseline data sets using other, more direct, methods of measurement. NSIDC has compiled a validation data set of surface station measurements for the northern hemisphere with specific focus on the United States, Canada, and the former Soviet Union. Digital image substraction is applied to compare the surface station and satellite measurements.
Women’s Physical Activity Patterns: Nursing Implications

Objective: To develop a method of categorizing patterns of physical activity by describing the frequency, intensity, and duration of women's activities. Design: A 24-cell quota sample stratified by four occupations, two races, and three age groups. Setting: Ten employment sites. Participants: One hundred seventy-six women, ages 35-65 years, who worked 20 or more hours per week at their job, were not currently using hormone replacement therapy, not pregnant, and did not have a hysterectomy before the age of 53. Main Outcome Measures: An interviewer and self-administered, retrospective occupational, household, and leisure physical activity questionnaire covering the previous 12 months and lifelong activity. Results: Five patterns of household and leisure physical activity were identified: vigorous, continuous, cumulative, occasional, and inactive. Participation in the vigorous pattern was low, but 34% followed a continuous pattern of leisure activity and 75% followed a continuous pattern of household activity. The number of weekly work hours did not affect the household or leisure pattern. Conclusion: Women may be able to obtain the recommended levels of physical activity from a combination of occupational, household, and leisure activities. Nursing recommendations should guide women to increase their regular leisure physical activity and/or accumulate sessions of moderate-intensity activity by aerobically enhancing daily activities in which they already participate. JOGNN, 27,383-392; 1998.
Superconducting microbolometers for time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy

We report the characterization of superconducting niobium microbolometers designed for time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy on nanosecond to millisecond timescales. Coupling of the incident signal is achieved via a planar antenna mounted on a hyperhemispherical silicon lens. We have integrated these detectors into a custom Fourier-transform spectrometer. The spectrometer optics are frequency independent over the spectral range 0.1-3 terahertz and thus the system bandwidth is set by the detector antenna. We have fabricated devices with two different antenna geometries, the double-dipole and the log spiral, and have characterized the spectral response of each. This detector will enable a variety of novel spectroscopy applications.
Research: Secure and minimal protocols for authenticated key distribution

The problem of secure key distribution has been the subject of much attention in recent years. This paper describes a novel method for authenticated key distribution in the distributed systems environment. In particular, a braiding technique for key distribution is introduced. The underlying protocols are extremely compact in both the number of messages and message sizes, which facilitates their application at any layer (at lower layers, in particular) in the protocol hierarchy. Furthermore, the protocols are shown to be resistant to a wide range of interleaving attacks. All this is achieved with minimal computational requirements, and without the necessity of using traditional encryption (a strong one-way function suffices).
Southward extrusion of Tibetan crust and its effect on Himalayan tectonics

The Tibetan Plateau is a storehouse of excess gravitational potential energy accumulated through crustal thickening during India-Asia collision, and the contrast in potential energy between the Plateau and its surroundings strongly influences the modern tectonics of south Asia. The distribution of potential energy anomalies across the region, derived from geopotential models, indicates that the Himalayan front is the optimal location for focused dissipation of excess energy stored in the Plateau. The modern pattern of deformation and erosion in the Himalaya provides an efficient mechanism for such dissipation, and a review of the Neogene geological evolution of southern Tibet and the Himalaya shows that this mechanism has been operational for at least the past 20 million years. This persistence of deformational and erosional style suggests to us that orogens, like other complex systems, can evolve toward “steady state” configurations maintained by the continuous flow of energy. The capacity of erogenic systems to self-organize into temporally persistent structural and erosional patterns suggests that the tectonic history of a mountain range may depend on local energetics as much as it does on far-field plate interactions.
Purification of cytoplasmic antigens from the mycelial phase of Candida albicans: Possible advantages of its use in Candida serology

The serology of candidiasis is complicated by the use of poorly defined antigens. Total extracts of the yeast phase have been commonly used as ‘cytoplasmic’ antigen, without regard to the significant amounts of carbohydrate that may contaminate such preparations. This is particularly true in the case of commercially available antigens that have been used as cytoplasmic antigens but actually are richer in carbohydrate than in protein. Affinity chromatography in concanavalin A — Sepharose provides a simple procedure to separate carbohydrates, mainly mannan, from protein antigens in whole Candida extracts. By using mannan-poor antigens, the specificity of serological reactions can be increased considerably, since both the positive reactions seen in asymptomatic donors and the cross-reactions seen in patients infected with other fungi are due to anti-mannan antibodies. In contrast, both anti-mannan and anti-cytoplasmic antigen antibodies can be detected in patients suspected of systemic candidiasis. On the other hand, absolute specificity may never be achieved for systemic candidiasis. We have found antibodies against cytoplasmic antigen in a patient allergic to C. albicans, in whom the microorganism was isolated from fecal material. It appears that, under favorable conditions, mucosal sensitization may also trigger a systemic reaction directed against both mannan and cytoplasmic antigens.
Biosynthesis of agmatine in isolated mitochondria and perfused rat liver: studies with 15N-labelled arginine

An important but unresolved question is whether mammalian mitochondria metabolize arginine to agmatine by the ADC (arginine decarboxylase) reaction. 15N-labelled arginine was used as a precursor to address this question and to determine the flux through the ADC reaction in isolated mitochondria obtained from rat liver. In addition, liver perfusion system was used to examine a possible action of insulin, glucagon or cAMP on a flux through the ADC reaction. In mitochondria and liver perfusion, 15N-labelled agmatine was generated from external 15N-labelled arginine. The production of 15N-labelled agmatine was time- and dose-dependent. The time-course of [U-15N4]agmatine formation from 2 mM [U-15N4]arginine was best fitted to a one-phase exponential curve with a production rate of approx. 29 pmol x min(-1) x (mg of protein)(-1). Experiments with an increasing concentration (0- 40 mM) of [guanidino-15N2]arginine showed a Michaelis constant Km for arginine of 46 mM and a Vmax of 3.7 nmol x min(-1) x (mg of protein)(-1) for flux through the ADC reaction. Experiments with broken mitochondria showed little changes in Vmax or Km values, suggesting that mitochondrial arginine uptake had little effect on the observed Vmax or Km values. Experiments with liver perfusion demonstrated that over 95% of the effluent agmatine was derived from perfusate [guanidino-15N2]arginine regardless of the experimental condition. However, the output of 15N-labelled agmatine (nmol x min(-1) x g(-1)) increased by approx. 2-fold (P<0.05) in perfusions with cAMP. The findings of the present study provide compelling evidence that mitochondrial ADC is present in the rat liver, and suggest that cAMP may stimulate flux through this pathway.
Delay in Diagnosis of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Objective. Delay in diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) has important implications in terms of slip severity and long-term hip outcome. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of delay in the diagnosis of SCFE. Methods. A review of 196 patients with SCFE was performed. The primary outcome measure was delay from onset of symptoms to diagnosis. Covariates included age, gender, side, weight, pain location, insurance status, family income, slip severity, and slip stability. Delay in diagnosis was not normal in distribution; therefore, nonparametric univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results. The median delay in diagnosis was 8.0 weeks. There was a significant relationship between delay in diagnosis and slip severity ( 50°: 20.6 weeks). There were no significant associations between delay in diagnosis and covariates of age, gender, side, and weight. There were significant associations between longer delay in diagnosis and covariates of knee/distal-thigh pain versus hip/proximal-thigh pain (6.0 vs 15.0 weeks), Medicaid coverage versus private insurance (12.0 vs 7.5 weeks), lower family income, and stable slips versus unstable slips (8.0 vs 6.5 weeks). Controlling for the other covariates, knee/distal-thigh pain, Medicaid insurance, and stable slips remained significant independent multivariate predictors of delay in diagnosis. Conclusions. Patients who present with primarily knee or distal-thigh pain, patients with Medicaid coverage, and patients with stable slips have longer delays in diagnosis of SCFE. Focused intervention programs to reduce the delay in diagnosis of SCFE should emphasize patients with knee/thigh pain and patients with Medicaid coverage.
Restoring ecological function to a submerged salt marsh.

Impacts of global climate change, such as sea level rise and severe drought, have altered the hydrology of coastal salt marshes resulting in submergence and subsequent degradation of ecosystem function. A potential method of rehabilitating these systems is the addition of sediment-slurries to increase marsh surface elevation, thus ameliorating effects of excessive inundation. Although this technique is growing in popularity, the restoration of ecological function after sediment addition has received little attention. To determine if sediment subsidized salt marshes are functionally equivalent to natural marshes, we examined above- and belowground primary production in replicated restored marshes receiving four levels of sediment addition (29–42 cm North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) and in degraded and natural ambient marshes (4–22 cm NAVD 88). Moderate intensities of sediment-slurry addition, resulting in elevations at the mid to high intertidal zone (29–36 cm NAVD 88), restored ecological function to degraded salt marshes. Sediment additions significantly decreased flood duration and frequency and increased bulk density, resulting in greater soil drainage and redox potential and significantly lower phytotoxic sulfide concentrations. However, ecological function in the restored salt marsh showed a sediment addition threshold that was characterized by a decline in primary productivity in areas of excessive sediment addition and high elevation (>36 cm NAVD 88). Hence, the addition of intermediate levels of sediment to submerging salt marshes increased marsh surface elevation, ameliorated impacts of prolonged inundation, and increased primary productivity. However, too much sediment resulted in diminished ecological function that was equivalent to the submerged or degraded system.
Carboxyl methylation of the phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit promotes its functional association with regulatory subunits in vivo.

The phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit contains a methyl ester on its C-terminus, which in mammalian cells is added by a specific carboxyl methyltransferase and removed by a specific carboxyl methylesterase. We have identified genes in yeast that show significant homology to human carboxyl methyltransferase and methylesterase. Extracts of wild-type yeast cells contain carboxyl methyltransferase activity, while extracts of strains deleted for one of the methyltransferase genes, PPM1, lack all activity. Mutation of PPM1 partially disrupts the PP2A holoenzyme in vivo and ppm1 mutations exhibit synthetic lethality with mutations in genes encoding the B or B′ regulatory subunit. Inactivation of PPM1 or overexpression of PPE1, the yeast gene homologous to bovine methylesterase, yields phenotypes similar to those observed after inactivation of either regulatory subunit. These phenotypes can be reversed by overexpression of the B regulatory subunit. These results demonstrate that Ppm1 is the sole PP2A methyltransferase in yeast and that its activity is required for the integrity of the PP2A holoenzyme.
An intensive massed practice approach to retraining balance post-stroke.

Abstract Background and Purpose: Falls are highly prevalent and a significant source of complications post-stroke. This study tested the efficacy of standard physical therapy (based on the task-oriented approach) delivered in a massed practice paradigm. The purpose of this study was to test if the intensive massed practice intervention (6 h/day for 2 consecutive weeks) could significantly improve balance function post-stroke. Methods: A single-subject multiple baseline design across subjects with probes was utilized with ten subjects with chronic stroke disability. Clinical tests and time to stabilization (TTS) of the center of pressure in response to a platform perturbation were calculated during baseline, intervention, and the maintenance phases. Results: The ability of the subjects to recover from a balance threat improved, with mean TTS decreasing from 2.35 ± .51 s during baseline, to 1.58 ± .23 s during training, and further still to 1.45 ± .29 s during the maintenance phase, ending 3 months post-intervention. Clinical findings demonstrated improvements in anticipatory and steady-state balance control. In addition weight-bearing symmetry improved and the number of falls sustained reduced. Conclusions: Intensive massed practice of standard physical therapy produced significant results in balance retraining with patients post-stroke. Our finding support the need to offer additional practice to maximize the efficacy of physical therapy sessions.
An anatomical reinvestigation of the termination of the spinothalamic tract in the monkey

The projections of the spinothalamic tract in the macaque monkey have been reinvestigated using the Wiitanen modification of the Fink-Heimer technique. In agreement with previous studies in the monkey (mehler, Bowsher, Kerr) it was found that the spinothalamic tract ascends outside the medial lemniscus, enters the thalamus just dorsal to this structure, and terminates in the posterior, intralaminar and ventral regions, as well as in the zona incerta. The posteromedial nucleus (POm) receives a dense spinothalamic projection medially and ventromedially; elsewhere in the POm the projection is more scattered. The fibers to the intralaminar region terminate in the nucleus centralis lateralis (CL) with a distinct pattern of the distribution. The nucleus centralis medialis (CeM) has a minute projection. There was no evidence for somatotopic organization in the projections to the POm or to the intralaminar region. The distribution of the terminal degeneration in the ventral region was more complex. Although present in the whole nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL), the degeneration was unevenly distributed and also extended beyond the VPL. So-called clusters of dense degeneration lay in the outskirts of the forelimb and hindlimb representation areas, namely at its ventral, ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and medial borders. Centrally the degeneration was scattered. Thus, most of the VPL receives only a sparse spinothalamic projection, but a small portion contains dense networks of terminal spinal fibers. A somatotopic pattern was evident, for after low thoracic lesions most of the medial VPL lacked degeneration. Spinothalamic fibers pass beyond the VPL to terminate in a zone of transition (nucleus ventralis intermedius of V.im of Hassler, '59; Mehler, '71) between the rostral pole of the VPL and the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL). This zone also reportedly receives cerebellar and vestibular afferent fibers. Observations suggesting that the evolution of the spinothalamic tract and the spino-cervico-thalamic pathway in carnivores and primates may be linked are discussed. The spinothalamic clusters in the monkey's VPL appear to be homologous to much of the cervicothalamic tract projection to the VPL in the cat.
Workforce agility for stochastically diffused conditions—A real options perspective

Abstract Workforce agility is commonly described as a strategy that facilitates profitability in rapidly changing, and uncertain production environments. Agility should be distinguished from the shorter term concept of flexibility, which relates to daily operational issues. A lack of workforce agility has been reported as one of the main reasons that some enterprises have difficulty keeping pace with markets and technological changes. Much of the workforce agility research is at the conceptual level, and where there is a dearth of quantitative modeling and analysis. The essence of promoting workforce agility under stochastically diffused conditions is to maintain workforce intensity (workforce capacity per unit of production) at a relative stable level. We therefore model the decision problem for workforce planning as a series of sequential investments in workforce capacity during the product lifecycle. A real options valuation technique is used to optimize the design of workforce agility for maximum expected return in a stochastically diffused environment. The analysis demonstrates that a real options approach can be an important contributor towards agility, and the importance is magnified at higher levels of demand volatility. By measuring improved agility relative to other strategies, we demonstrate the advantages of the RO-based agility, such as the asymmetric attitudes towards risk exposure and profitability, and the robustness to high uncertainty. We illustrate that the RO-based workforce agility inherits the risk management capability of options, and thus it reduces substantially the sensitivity of production quality to market risks, allowing manufacturers to rapidly and economically adapt to the unexpected changes in the market.
A Longitudinal Study of Sedentary Behavior and Overweight in Adolescent Girls

The aim of this study is to examine sedentary and light activity in relation to overweight in adolescent girls. Adolescent girls were randomly recruited from 36 schools participating in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG). Assessments included age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and body composition estimated from weight, height, and triceps skinfold. Sedentary and light activity was measured for 6 days using accelerometry in 6th and in 8th grade among two randomly sampled cross-sections of girls. Sedentary activity increased from the 6th to 8th grade by 51.5 min/day. In the 8th grade, a significantly higher number of hours in sedentary activity for each of the 6-days of measurement were evident with higher tertiles of percent body fat (30-35%, >35% fat) (P 95th percentiles). The increase in sedentary activity was observed on weekdays, but not on weekends for percent body fat tertiles. In the cohort of girls measured in both 6th and 8th grades, the mean cross-sectional coefficient estimates were significant for percent body fat, but not BMI for sedentary and light activities. Adolescent girls from the 6th to 8th grade are shifting their time from light to more sedentary activity as measured by accelerometers. In addition, the increase in sedentary activity is not associated with an adverse effect on BMI or percent body fat. The eventual impact of this shift to a more sedentary lifestyle on body composition and other outcomes needs to be evaluated further.
Teaching about Dynamic Processes A Teachable Agents Approach

This paper discusses the extensions that we have made to Betty's Brain teachable agent system to help students learn about dynamic processes in a river ecosystem. Students first learn about dynamic behavior in a simulation environment, and then teach Betty by introducing cycles into the concept map representation. Betty's qualitative reasoning mechanisms have been extended so that she can reason about cycles and determine how entities change over time. Preliminary experiments were conducted to study and analyze the usefulness of the simulation. Analysis of the students' protocols was very revealing, and the lessons learnt have led to redesigned simulation interfaces. A new study with the system will be conducted in a fifth grade science classroom in May, 2005.
Short-channel effects in deep-submicrometer SOI MOSFETS

Thin-film, fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs are currently of great interest due to potentially improved isolation, reduced subthreshold slope, and reduced parasitic capacitances as compared to bulk silicon technology. In addition, for scaling devices into the deep-submicrometer region, SOI offers unique options for the reduction of short-channel effects. Previous work has shown that scaling silicon film thickness and buried oxide thickness are important in the reduction of SOI short-channel effects. However, to fully exploit these options in SOI, a careful examination of the design tradeoffs is necessary. In this paper, short-channel effects in SOI are examined in comparison to conventional bulk devices for scaling into the deep-submicrometer region. >
Genomic Content of Neisseria Species

The physical properties of most bacterial genomes are largely unexplored. We have previously demonstrated that the strict human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae is polyploid, carrying an average of three chromosome copies per cell and only maintaining one pair of replication forks per chromosome (D. M. Tobiason and H. S. Seifert, PLos Biol. 4:1069-1078, 2006). We are following up this initial report to test several predictions of the polyploidy model of gonococcal chromosome organization. We demonstrate that the N. gonorrhoeae chromosomes exist solely as monomers and not covalently linked dimers, and in agreement with the monomer status, we show that distinct nucleoid regions can be detected by electron microscopy. Two different approaches to isolate heterozygous N. gonorrhoeae resulted in the formation of merodiploids, showing that even with more than one chromosome copy, these bacteria are genetically haploid. We show that the closely related bacterium Neisseria meningitidis is also polyploid, while the commensal organism Neisseria lactamica maintains chromosomes in single copy. We conclude that the pathogenic Neisseria strains are homozygous diploids.
Transforming Symbolic Law into Organizational Action: Hate Crime Policy and Law Enforcement Practice

For decades sociologists, criminologists, political scientists and socio-legal scholars alike have focused on the symbolic and instrumental dimensions of law in examinations of the effects of social reform and policy implementation. Following in this tradition, we focus on the relationship between hate crime policy and hate crime reporting to identify the conditions under which a symbolic law is accompanied by instrumental effects at the initial phase of the law enforcement process —the official recording of a hate crime event. Using data on California police and sheriff's agencies we estimate hierarchical Poisson models to determine how agency-level enforcement efforts, chiefly the creation of a formal policy on hate crime, affect official hate crime reporting. We also examine how community and agency attributes influence the effects of policy on the reporting of hate crime. We find that agency characteristics, in this case measures of the integration of the local agency within the community, shape the degree to which agency policies affect the official reporting of hate crime. Our findings reveal that while symbolic law is not intrinsically incapable of producing changes in enforcement patterns, such effects are contingent upon agency and community processes. Thus, we conclude by conceptualizing the varied enforcement contexts within which a body of symbolic law is rendered instrumental.
Complement as a mediator of allograft injury: an inflammatory view

Complement regulates many of the mediators of inflammation, immunity, and repair. As a result, complement is an important link between antigen-independent and antigen-dependent immune responses to transplanted organs. This review discusses the role of complement in activating platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells at different stages after organ transplantation.
The Politics of Wine: Trade Barriers, Interest Groups, and the Commerce Clause

We investigate the contemporary impacts of the commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution by focusing on recent changes in state laws governing interstate direct shipment of alcohol. The elimination of interstate trade barriers, consistent with the intent of the commerce clause, clearly facilitates efficient markets. More specifically, in 2003, the state of Virginia legalized direct wine shipping to consumers from out-of-state sellers, and by 2004, the average price differential between online sellers and bricks-and-mortar stores in Northern Virginia was approximately 26–40% lower than in 2002. Virginia bricks-and-mortar retailers also began pricing their products as a function of interstate shipping costs following the legalization of direct shipment. These findings regarding the elimination of trade barriers serve as a guidepost to policymakers in various states who need to revise their laws in response to the Supreme Court's 2005 ruling striking down discriminatory direct shipment bans. The distributive ...
Family preservation—What is it?

Abstract Recent criticism confuses family preservation as a goal of the child welfare system, as a federal policy, and as a set of services or interventions. While funders emphasize the importance of reducing out-of-home placement over other policy goals such as child safety or improved child and family outcomes, others argue that the current focus on preventing unnecessary placement is too narrow. Increasingly sophisticated research to determine the effectiveness of family preservation services in reducing placement cannot speak to the appropriate goals of the child welfare system nor to the implementation or effectiveness of policy. Research that identifies “what works with what families”, however, has found that interventions associated with family preservation services are effective, that overall family functioning is improved, that children are protected at least as well as in other child welfare services, and that both families and workers are more satisfied with family preservation services.
Free recall of trigrams following their presentation in a short-term memory task

Ss free recalled items they had previously separately verbally recalled in a standard short-term memory task. Free recall was examined as a function of: (1) order of item presentation, (2) length of retention interval, (3) presence or absence of an instructional set to recall all items, and (4) activity during the intertrial interval. Significant effects due to order of item presentation, intertrial-interval activity, and interactions between order of presentation and intertrial-interval activity and between presentation order and instructions were found. A recency effect appeared in all instances, but a primacy effect was obtained only when Ss were forewarned of free recall. The effect of intertrial-interval activity was most evident with the last item. Rehearsal of the item produced better recall than either counting or doing nothing, but counting produced better recall than doing nothing.
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas in conditional Pax3:Fkhr mice: cooperativity of Ink4a/ARF and Trp53 loss of function

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive childhood muscle cancer for which outcomes are poor when the disease is advanced. Although well-developed mouse models exist for embryonal and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, neither a spontaneous nor a transgenic mouse model of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma has yet been reported. We report the first mouse model of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma using a conditional Pax3:Fkhr knock-in allele whose activation in late embryogenesis and postnatally is targeted to terminally differentiating Myf6-expressing skeletal muscle. In these mice, alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas occur but at low frequency, and Fkhr haploinsufficiency does not appear to accelerate tumorigenesis. However, Pax3:Fkhr homozygosity with accompanying Ink4a/ARF or Trp53 pathway disruption, by means of conditional Trp53 or Ink4a/ARF loss of function, substantially increases the frequencies of tumor formation. These results of successful tumor generation postnatally from a target pool of differentiating myofibers are in sharp contrast to the birth defects and lack of tumors for mice with prenatal and postnatal satellite cell triggering of Pax3:Fkhr. Furthermore, these murine alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas have an immunohistochemical profile similar to human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, suggesting that this conditional mouse model will be relevant to study of the disease and will be useful for preclinical therapeutic testing.
Abstract IA16: A prospective trial of SBRT boost for stage III non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose/Objective: Escalation of radiation dose in stage III lung cancer has been problematic and no prospective studies have confirmed a survival benefit for patients receiving >60Gy concurrent with chemotherapy. Nonetheless, conventional treatment approaches may not deliver adequate doses to the primary tumor. We report on the feasibility of using SBRT as a means of dose escalation of the primary tumor mass for patients found to have resolution of mediastinal nodal disease following conventional chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The goal was to deliver a biological effective dose (BED) of more than 100 Gy to the primary tumor mass (CRT + SBRT boost doses combined). Methods: Patients with biopsy proven stage II/III NSCLC underwent CT or PET-CT scanning one month following completion of conventional CRT (59.4 Gy or greater). Eligible patients were required to have achieved either negative or only minor FDG residual uptake in nodal disease within the mediastinum. Patients with PET positive residual disease (≤7 cm) within the site of the primary tumor were included. Tumor volumes were defined using 3d planning based on the location of the initial tumor and PET uptake. The prescription dose was 10 Gy per fraction X 2 (20 Gy total dose, BED 10 =112Gy combined CRT and SBRT boost dose) and later patients with tumors touching the mediastinum as per RTOG definition received SBRT to the residual tumor of 650cGy X 3 (1950 total dose). Patients underwent routine follow-up with repeat CT scans every 3 months or PET/CT as indicated. The primary endpoints were toxicity and tumor response. Target enrollment is 37. Results: 35 patients (33 reviewed here) have been enrolled with a median age 63. Stages included were IIB (n=4), IIIA (n=18), and IIIB (n=13). Additionally, 9 patients were screened by 1 month post-CRT PET/CT and found to be not eligible: 2 patients with a CR after initial therapy and 7 with significant residual uptake in the mediastinum or metastatic disease. Pathologies included squamous cell carcinoma (75%), adenocarcinoma (11%), large cell carcinoma (10%) and lung cancer NOS (4%). Median combined BED was 110 Gy (range 110–120). Mean PTV volume was 51.3 cm 3 (range 46–2571cc) and average treatment coverage to 20 Gy prescription dose was 96.8%. Grade 10 =102Gy) was delivered. Thus far, 6 patients received 650cGy X 3 boost that included the hilum in most cases. No toxicities have been noted in these patients. Conclusions: The use of linac-based SBRT boost as a means of dose escalation for limited residual NSCLC following definitive chemoradiotherapy is a feasible treatment approach with minimal toxicity.
Not low hanging but still sweet: Metabolic proteomes in cardiovascular disease.

Abstract The application of proteomics in biology and medicine has reached a moment of truth. The demand of biologists for transformative insights into how cells work, plus the mandate of basic science research to ultimately impact clinical medicine, crystallize as a test on the rigor and reproducibility of any ‘omics measurement. Studies like that by Boylston et al. indicate that proteomics can pass that test.
Global Accounting Standards And Curriculum

Offshoring of technology jobs and its adverse economic effects on the U.S. economy are making daily headlines. Globalization of economy and advances in information technology have accelerated offshoring to low labor cost countries like China and India. The latter have the advantage of abundant educated manpower, low labor cost and high entrepreneurial spirit. However, just as globalization is taking lower-value jobs overseas, it is also creating markets for higher-value U.S. services and goods in those countries. Development of global accounting standards could further accelerate offshoring of jobs in financial services. It is time that business schools prepare their graduates to face the challenge through appropriate curriculum changes.
Analysis of Iceberg Frequency in Labrador Sea Using Aerial Reconnaissance Flight Surveys and Satellite Radar Data

Recently Nalcor announced the discovery of three newly defined hydrocarbon basins located primarily in deep water in the Labrador Sea, off the east coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The basins are Henley, Chidley and Holton Basins and expanded the extent of the Hawke Basin. On behalf of Nalcor Energy, C-CORE recently completed the Offshore Newfoundland and Labrador Metocean Study which summarizes environmental conditions of these regions to support offshore petroleum exploration and development in the Labrador Sea and to outline the resource potential to the global oil and gas industry. Defining iceberg densities was one of the required tasks for the study. Among various environmental conditions, iceberg density is one of the most challenging parameter to define accurately both spatially and temporally. Aerial iceberg reconnaissance flight surveys provided by IIP (International Ice Patrol) and CIS (Canadian Ice Service) were studied, classified and analyzed to compute iceberg density (number of icebergs per square km). Only open water icebergs were considered for analysis because of the difficulty associated with reliably identifying icebergs in pack ice, which may lead to an underestimation of iceberg occurrence. Therefore, aerial reconnaissance data were compared with CIS pack ice charts to eliminate any possibility of iceberg sightings in pack ice being included in the analysis. Satellite radar data acquired using Envisat wide swath mode (WSM) imagery was also used for iceberg detections in order to provide full coverage of the study area. Again, sea ice was outlined in the imagery to ensure no targets in sea ice were counted. The WSM imagery provided a 400 km wide swath with an approximate radar resolution of 150 m, meaning smaller targets were not detected. In order to combine satellite radar data with aerial reconnaissance surveys a non-detection factor was calculated using a comparison of concurrent Envisat and aerial coverage to compensate for missed targets due to the coarser radar resolution. The resulting map of open water iceberg densities will provide a baseline for the region which shall be further refined through an on-going program using high-resolution Sentinel satellite data. Detailed descriptions of the analysis, procedures and results are presented in this paper. Areal density results of the newly defined basins are compared to the other frontier regions, where iceberg risks are higher.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Using keywords to construct wuzzle-picture-puzzles for the purpose of mastering management and organisational behaviour terminology

A pedagogical exercise for the purpose of mastering terms associated with management and organisational behaviour terminology was tested in four sections of an undergraduate, Introduction to Business Administration and Organizational Behaviour course at a regional university. The example required students to draw from terminology across the liberal arts and sciences curriculum. Four sections of the class were examined. Two sections were exposed to a treatment effect and were designated as ‘experimental groups’. Two sections were not exposed to this treatment effect and were designated as ‘control groups’. It was hypothesised that the students in the experimental sections who were exposed to the wuzzle-picture-puzzle treatment effect would outscore the students in the control sections who were not. A one-way t-test showed that the experimental groups significantly outscored the control groups. Limitations are noted and suggestions for future research are given.
Delays to Aircraft Serviced by the Glide-Path

This paper considers some of the statistical service, flow and delay problems which arriving aircraft encounter in the glide-path of an airport runway. Mathematical expressions for service time distributions and delays are formulated in terms of the probability distributions of spacings between discharges of the glide-path. In this paper the author also considers some numerical solutions of the average glide-path separation as a function of \(\overline{w}\), the average delay to arriving aircraft, x0, a minimum glide-path separation and λ the average Poisson flow rate of landing aircraft.
The Price of an FLP Annual Exclusion

In Price, the Tax Court explored once again whether gifts of interests in a family limited partnership qualify for the annual exclusion.
Fritz Machlup and the Bellagio Group: Strategy and Organization in an Early NGO

Economist Fritz Machlup, the mentor and teacher of Edith Penrose, applied an opportunity cost-focused approach to the strategy and organization of his NGO for world monetary system reform. The NGO was the Bellagio Group, formed by Machlup and partners Robert Triffin and William Fellner to understand and solve the problems facing the world monetary system from the late 1950s through the 1970s. This story has been largely untold. This paper examines Fritz Machlup’s intellectual background, his understanding of opportunity costs and now they figure in his model of strategic change as well as his use of scenarios and framing to galvanize thinking and group action at the Bellagio Group conferences. Further, the paper probes the identity and background of the “team of rivals,” the so-called nongovernmental, academic economists, drawn from eleven countries, many of them chosen because they were well-known advocates for divergent, often feuding, schools of thought on the problems and solutions to problems facing the international monetary system in the 1960s, most of whom had had significant public policy experience before entering academia. How did the Bellagio Group turn the tide of policy-maker and central banker opinion toward exchange rates as an instrument to correct balance of payments problems, as contemporaries suggested? My research finds the answer in Fritz Machlup’s collaborative and iterative approach to strategy and his cross-functional, cross-geographic, approach to organization.
Repopulating Decellularized Kidney Scaffolds: An Avenue for Ex Vivo Organ Generation

Recent research has shown that fully developed organs can be decellularized, resulting in a complex scaffold and extracellular matrix (ECM) network capable of being populated with other cells. This work has resulted in a growing field in bioengineering focused on the isolation, characterization, and modification of organ derived acellular scaffolds and their potential to sustain and interact with new cell populations, a process termed reseeding. In this review, we cover contemporary advancements in the bioengineering of kidney scaffolds including novel work showing that reseeded donor scaffolds can be transplanted and can function in recipients using animal models. Several major areas of the field are taken into consideration, including the decellularization process, characterization of acellular and reseeded scaffolds, culture conditions, and cell sources. Finally, we discuss future avenues based on the advent of 3D bioprinting and recent developments in kidney organoid cultures as well as animal models of renal genesis. The ongoing mergers and collaborations between these fields hold the potential to produce functional kidneys that can be generated ex vivo and utilized for kidney transplantations in patients suffering with renal disease.
Asian American Chicago Network: A Case Study of Facebook Group Use By Immigrant Groups

Through analyzing data from posts and about users, we describe how one particular Facebook group helps immigrants to the U.S. use social media to build a local community. As a preliminary study in intercultural communication through social media, we analyze one case, the Asian American Chicago Network (AACN) Facebook group, and uncover common topics users discuss and relationships between user tenure and various indicators of leadership and interaction. Our small finalized results from this preliminary project suggest that members of AACN likely use it (1) to build a professional network in the U.S.A., and (2) to reinforce and affirm their Asian culture and identities.
Abstract 273: Protein kinase C-iota self regulates its expression by regulating the activity of the transcription factor Elk-1

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Protein kinase C-iota (PKC-ι), a member of the atypical PKC family of Ser/Thr kinases has been recognized as an oncogene. PKC-ι manifests its effect by targeting various aspects of cancer cells such as growth, invasion and survival. Bcr-Abl has been shown to regulate the activation of the transcription factor ELK-1 which in turn regulates the expression of PKC-ι. Alternatively, we hypothesize that PKC-ι self regulates its expression by directly regulating the activity of ELK-1. Our preliminary data from immunoprecipitation studies show that PKC-ι directly associates with Elk-1 in neuroblastoma and glioma cells. PKC-ι directly phosphorylated cytoplasmic Elk-1 at Ser 383 in these cells. It has been reported that phosphorylation of cytoplasmic Elk-1 at Ser 383 results in conformational change that promotes the nuclear translocation of Elk-1, increased DNA binding and upregulation of its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, our data from cell cycle analysis showed that the nuclear translocation of Elk-1 coincided with the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic Elk-1 by PKC-ι. Robust phosphorylation of cytoplasmic Elk-1 was observed in the G1/S cell cycle phases, however, as the cells entered the M-phase, no phosphorylation of ELK-1 was observed. Similarly, the cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio of Elk-1 decreased as the cells entered the M-phase suggesting the role of PKC-ι in the promoting the nuclear translocation of Elk-1. Thus, our data supports our hypothesis that PKC-ι self regulates its expression by regulating the transcriptional activity of Elk-1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 273. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-273
Inhibition of aminonucleoside nephrosis by adenine.

SummaryStudies were made of the effects of administration of adenine and adenosine on nephrosis of rats induced by injection of aminonucleoside obtained from Puromycin. Adenine partially reversed nephrotoxic activity of the aminonucleoside, while adenosine did not. These findings have been interpreted as evidence that aminonucleoside acts as an antimetabolic agent in some phase of nucleotide or nucleic acid metabolism in production of the nephrotic state in the rat.
A rule-engine-based approach to a personalized OTC drug safety framework

In this paper we present a rule-engine-based framework to support personalized and context-aware OTC medication safety advice. We describe how high-level architectural choices impact the system. We report on our prototype implementation and initial experiments. We also describe a means of representing drug safety rules in an appropriate language for automated decision making and some of the challenges associated with rule authorship.
Modernity, postmodernity, and ecological wisdom: Toward a new framework for landscape and urban planning

Abstract I explore ecological wisdom's (EW) potential to become an influential framework for sustainable landscape and urban planning. To do this I position EW in relation to modernity, postmodernity, and reflexive modernity's critiques of history and knowledge. I note EW's contemporary emergence in China and its connection to Eastern philosophies as well as its resonance with some Western thinkers and schools of thought. I then note its capacity to bridge divides such as those separating past from present, local from universal, and nature from society. I propose EW provides opportunities for syntheses of these divisions. By doing so EW provides an opportunity to assess the wisdom of planning interventions based upon the symmetry of their impact on the coevolution of social and ecological systems. Through these assessments EW can be used as a guidepost to human and ecological efforts that can contribute to the development of regenerative cities and landscapes.
A Study of the Deviation Causes of Non-contact Laser Measurement based on Orthogonal Test

Non-contact laser measuring device(Gap-gun) is applied to the measure the flushness and the gap of finished vehicle.The measuring angle,the laser intensity,and the color of the body determines a lot of the precision of the results as a key factors.In this paper,orthogonal test is used to study the effects of these factors.The test result shows the best combination of the factors and proves to be a valued guidance to engineering.