cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Dialectics of Enlightenment

In 1807 Hegel published the Phenomenology of Spirit which calmly asserted that philosophy had, at long last, ceased to be merely the love of knowing and had finally consummated its lust for truth, giving birth to ‘strenge Wissenschaft’ in logic and the system (Hegel, 1807: 3). In 1944, Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno circulated mimeographed copies of Dialectic of Enlightenment, ominously asserting that the same process of reason's self-clarification which Hegel described brings us, not, as he claimed, to truth and freedom, but to barbarism. Somehow critical reflection's efforts to liberate humanity from superstition, darkness, and oppression has lead instead to Auschwitz.A crucial aspect of Horkheimer and Adorno's critique of enlightenment is the notion that enlightenment and its seeming antithesis, myth, are inextricably linked. In the Phenomenology Hegel had already investigated the underlying link between the rationality of the Enlightenment period and faith, its ostensible arational other, in Chapter VI. In various places Horkheimer and Adorno acknowledge the influence of Hegel, and they make suggestive passing references to the Phenomenology. Obviously, their connecting of enlightenment and myth bears more than a family resemblance to Hegel's pairing of enlightenment and faith. Just as Hegel disclosed that enlightenment and faith have more in common than usually thought, Horkheimer and Adorno aim to show that there is an important aspect of enlightenment already in myth and further, that enlightenment has itself fallen back into the essential features of myth it purports to be have overcome.
Propulsion for a polar orbiting serviceable spacecraft for the RADARSAT mission

The Canadian R A D A R S A T s p a c e c r a f t i s a Space S h u t t l e l aunched and s e r v i c e d e a r t h obse rva t i o n v e h i c l e wh ich w i l l o p e r a t e i n a p re c i s e l y ma in ta ined p o l a r o r b i t w i t h an a l t i tude o f 544 N m ( 1 , 0 0 7 k m ) and an i n c l i n a t i o n o f 9 9 . 5 2 d e g r e e s . T h i s o p e r a t i o n a l o r b i t combined w i t h planned s e r v i c e m i s s i o n s and t h e l i m i t a t i o n s i n STS performance t o h i g h i n c l i n a t i o n o r b i t s p l a c e s major demands on t h e RADARSAT o n b o a r d p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m . T h i s p a p e r a d d r e s s e s t h e RADARSAT m i s s i o n , how i t d r i v e s t h e o p e r a t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e p r o p u l s i o n system and t h e p r o p u l s i o n system c o n c e p t which has been d e v e l o p e d t o meet those r e q u i r e m e n t s .
Agriculture's Year of Decision—l862

The first natural-scientist to be employed by the Federal Government in an agricultural capacity was an entomologist, Townend Glover. Glover was the first scientist to be added to the newly recruited staff of the Division of Agriculture of the U. S. Patent Office when the Division was informally organized in 1854. That being so, it would be a source of considerable pride if we could boast that an entomologist was on the staff of the USDA when it came into being. Unfortunately the personality of the pioneer Federal entomologist ruled against such a claim. Glover was a pronounced individualist, eccentric, ultra sensitive to criticism and given to expressing his sarcasm in stinging caricature and doggerel verse. Chief clerks were anathema to him. In 1858, Glover was in Florida trying to develop some controls for scale insects on oranges. D. J. Browne, then Chief Clerk of the Patent Office, directed Glover to syringe the trees with alligator blood in order to suffocate the scales. This roused Glover to heights of satire. His pungent drawings and biting verse ridiculed such an amateurish approach to a scientific investigation and he was allegedly the author of anonymous articles in a Washington newspaper ridiculing Chief Clerk Browne. This and similar incidents led to Glover's resignation in the spring of 1859. Again in 1872, after Glover had returned to the Department, Chief Clark James M. Swank wrote a History of the Department in which he misquoted a report by Glover and made slighting remarks of Glover's accomplishments. In reply Glover wrote and had printed a 6-page “Vindication.“
Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains

Abstract Altered cartilage loading is believed to be associated with osteoarthritis development. However, there are limited data regarding the influence of normal gait, an essential daily loading activity, on cartilage strains. In this study, 8 healthy subjects with no history of knee surgery or injury underwent magnetic resonance imaging of a single knee prior to and following a 20-min walking activity at approximately 1.1 m/s. Bone and cartilage surfaces were segmented from these images and compiled into 3-dimensional models of the tibia, femur, and associated cartilage. Thickness changes were measured across a grid of evenly spaced points spanning the models of the articular surfaces. Averaged compartmental strains and local strains were then calculated. Overall compartmental strains after the walking activity were found to be significantly different from zero in all four tibiofemoral compartments, with tibial cartilage strain being significantly larger than femoral cartilage strain. These results provide baseline data regarding the normal tibiofemoral cartilage strain response to gait. Additionally, the technique employed in this study has potential to be used as a “stress test” to understand how factors including age, weight, and injury influence tibiofemoral cartilage strain response, essential information in the development of potential treatment strategies for the prevention of osteoarthritis.
Glioblastoma: Morphologic and molecular genetic diversity

•Context.-Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary intracranial malignancy, is a morphologically diverse neoplasm with dismal prognosis despite multimodality therapy. Only 3 distinct morphologic variants of GBM are currently recognized by the current World Health Organization classification scheme, including GBM, giant cell GBM, and gliosarcoma. Additional variants, some of which have significant morphologic overlap with tumors that have more favorable prognosis and treatment response rates, particularly anaplastic oligodendroglioma, have been described since its publication in 2000 and may be included in the next classification. Objective.-To summarize the morphologic and molecular genetic diversity of both well-established and novel GBM variants and outline our approach to these heterogeneous neoplasms and their distinction from other diffuse, high-grade gliomas. Data Sources.-Published literature and our own experience in an active academic diagnostic surgical neuropathology practice were reviewed. Conclusions.-Precise subclassification of GBM is required for accurate prognostication and appropriate treatment planning.
How does banking sector globalization affect banking crisis

Abstract A key feature of financial services liberalization is increasing banking-sector globalization. Using different measures to capture this phenomenon, the present study examines its impact on banking crisis for a dataset of 138 nations spanning the period 1998–2013, while controlling for other banking-industry specific, macroeconomic and external factors. Employing different econometric models and several robustness checks, I find greater banking sector globalization to reduce the occurrence of banking crisis. Moreover, greater bank asset concentration, diversification, credit flows, real interest rates, inflation rates, M2-to-foreign exchange reserves and nominal exchange rate depreciations significantly increase the likelihood of banking crisis, while higher bank profits, real GDP growth, economic development and economic freedom lower such chances. The results are further examined for nations across different levels of economic development and with different degrees of foreign bank penetration. The findings underscore that foreign bank presence provides greater financial stability in the banking industry of host nations.
Buried in Plain Sight: Indian “Curiosities” in Du Simitière’s American Museum

Sometimes the most interesting items in an archive are those that point to what is missing. While perusing a box in the Pierre Eugene du Simitiere Collection at the Library Company of Philadelphia, I came across a remarkable document that illustrates a number of losses—both archival and personal. In July 1782, Du Simitiere received a human scalp from the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council, along with an explanation of its provenance. As Du Simitiere noted in his records of “curiosities” and their donors, the scalp was “taken from an Indian killed . . . in Washington County near the Ohio in this State by Adam Poe . . . it has as an ornament a white wampum bead a finger long with a Silver Knob at the end the rest of the hair plaited and tyed with deer skin.”In the archive, I had located the original account of the battle on the banks of the Ohio that had resulted in the death of the anonymous Indian man. What I could not locate, however, was the scalp itself, long gone
Defects, stoichiometry, and electronic transport in SrTiO3-δ epilayers: A high pressure oxygen sputter deposition study

SrTiO3 is not only of enduring interest due to its unique dielectric, structural, and lattice dynamical properties, but is also the archetypal perovskite oxide semiconductor and a foundational material in oxide heterostructures and electronics. This has naturally focused attention on growth, stoichiometry, and defects in SrTiO3, one exciting recent development being such precisely stoichiometric defect-managed thin films that electron mobilities have finally exceeded bulk crystals. This has been achieved only by molecular beam epitaxy, however (and to a somewhat lesser extent pulsed laser deposition (PLD)), and numerous open questions remain. Here, we present a study of the stoichiometry, defects, and structure in SrTiO3 synthesized by a different method, high pressure oxygen sputtering, relating the results to electronic transport. We find that this form of sputter deposition is also capable of homoepitaxy of precisely stoichiometric SrTiO3, but only provided that substrate and target preparation, temperature, pressure, and deposition rate are carefully controlled. Even under these conditions, oxygen-vacancy-doped heteroepitaxial SrTiO3 films are found to have carrier density, mobility, and conductivity significantly lower than bulk. While surface depletion plays a role, it is argued from particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) measurements of trace impurities in commercial sputtering targets that this is also due to deep acceptors such as Fe at 100's of parts-per-million levels. Comparisons of PIXE from SrTiO3 crystals and polycrystalline targets are shown to be of general interest, with clear implications for sputter and PLD deposition of this important material.
Feathered Tiles with Uniform Payload Size for Progressive Transmission of Vector Data

We introduce Feathered Tiles, a novel vector data tiling method for web mapping. This method eliminates redundant data transfer, greatly reduces the amount of excess data transmitted for progressive refinements, and supports smooth zooming operations with on-the-fly generalization. For a given set of geometries, the effective area of each vertex is computed and stored as a third coordinate, along with the bounds of the effective area. The results are partitioned in three dimensions into tiles of a desired byte length. Each tile is stored along with the 3-dimensional bounds encapsulating the effective area of all vertices contained within. Individual tiles can then be retrieved on demand with 3-dimensional queries to reproduce a simplified set of geometries for a given scale and viewport. The key to reducing excess data transfer lies in associating tiles with the effective bounds of individual vertices rather than the bounds of the geometries that contain the vertices. This tiling method is implemented in the open source visualization framework, Weave.
Numerical solutions to dynamic portfolio problems with upper bounds

In this paper, we apply value function iteration to solve a multi-period portfolio choice problem. Our problem uses power utility preferences and a vector autoregressive process for the return of a single risky asset. In contrast to the observation in van Binsbergen and Brandt (Comput Econ 29:355–368, 2007) that value function iteration produces inaccurate results, we achieve highly accurate solutions through refining the conventional value function iteration by two innovative ingredients: (1) approximating certainty equivalents of value functions by regression, and (2) taking certainty equivalent transformation on expected value functions in optimization. We illustrate that the new approach offers more accurate results than those exclusively designed for improvement through a Taylor series expansion in Garlappi and Skoulakis (Comput Econ 33:193–207, 2009). In particular, both van Binsbergen and Brandt (Comput Econ 29:355–368, 2007) and Garlappi and Skoulakis (Comput Econ 33:193–207, 2009) comparing their lower bounds with other lower bounds, we more objectively assess our lower bounds by comparing with upper bounds. Negligible gaps between our lower and upper bounds across various parameter sets indicate our proposed lower bound strategy is close to optimal.
A Note on the Incompatibility of One‐Sided Bayes and Frequency Confidence Intervals

SUMMARY With a proper prior distribution the one-sided Bayes confidence interval for the scalar parameter 6 in the density function f(x, 0) never coincides with the corresponding confidence interval based on frequency, whether the experiment is of fixed sample size or sequential.
Disease Severity, Presentation, and Clinical Outcomes Among Adolescents With Malignant Breast Neoplasms: A 20-Year Population-Based Outcomes Study From the SEER Database (1973-2009).

Introduction Primary breast cancer in adolescents is extremely rare, hence not widely studied. This study aimed to evaluate trends, characteristics and outcomes among a cohort of adolescents with breast cancer. Methods 657,712 female patients with breast cancer from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2009) were analyzed and 91 adolescents were identified. Three age groups (under 20 years, 20-50 years or premenopausal and >50 years or postmenopausal) were compared for tumor size, stage, receptor status and outcomes. Categorical data was compared using Chi square (Fischer) test and continuous data with Students t test. Results Median age was 19 years (range 10-20 years). 52.7% (N= 48) and 5.5% (N= 5) of patients presented with invasive and in situ cancers respectively and 37.3% (N= 34) with sarcomas. Median tumor size of invasive cancers was 3.2 cm (range 0.1-12.5 cm). 60% of patients presented with regional disease and majority (28%) of those tested were receptor negative. Mortality rates in adolescents were higher than pre and postmenopausal patients in localized and regional stage. Overall median survival was 106 months. Conclusions Although rare, breast cancer does occur in adolescent females and must be considered in differential of breast masses in females under 20, especially with strong breast cancer family history. Prognosis maybe worse than in older patients; however sample size is small. Delay in diagnosis, aggressive tumor biology and negative receptor status may affect prognosis. Routine breast examination in high risk older adolescents may permit early identification and avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment.
The Institutiones minoris dialecticae of Domingo Bañez. An Interpretation of Aristotelic Logic

Study of the reception of Aristotelian syllogistic in the sixteenth century and, in particular, the philosophy of Domingo Banez, is a very important for showing how Aristotle’s philosophy was taken up within the cultural environment of the School of Salamanca. This article, after a brief presentation of the historical trajectory bringing Aristotelian syllogistic to Banez, shows how, in his Institutiones minoris dialecticae, he faces the problem of the Trinity, and how this work is valued for its usefulness in the understanding of the divine mystery.
High Temperature Dynamic Response of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: A Modified Constitutive Model for Gradual Phase Transformation

Dynamic deformation behavior of a commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy is measured between room temperature and beyond the β-transus temperature with high thermal resolution using a rapid-heating Kolsky bar technique. The high thermal resolution allows for a thorough investigation of the dynamic thermal softening behavior of this alloy including effects related to the transformation from the initial hcp α/bcc β dual phase structure to a full β structure for improved modeling of high temperature dynamic manufacturing processes such as high-speed machining. Data are obtained at an average strain rate of 1800 s−1 from room temperature to 1177 °C, with total heating times limited to 3.5 s for all tests. Short heating times prevent thermal distortion of the Kolsky bar loading waves and can allow an investigation of non-equilibrium mechanical behavior, although no such behavior was identified in this study. Between 800 °C and 1000 °C, a progressive change in the thermal softening rate was observed that corresponded well with the equilibrium phase diagram for this alloy. The dynamic thermal softening behavior in the transformation region is incorporated via a new modification of the Johnson–Cook (J–C) viscoplastic constitutive equation. Rate sensitivity is determined at room temperature by combining Kolsky bar data with quasi-static measurements at strain rates from 7.5 × 10−5 s−1 to 0.16 s−1 and the data are fit using multi-parameter optimization to arrive at a full modified J–C model for Ti-6Al-4V to nearly 1200 °C. In its generic form, the modification factor we propose, G(T), is applicable to any material system undergoing gradual phase transformation over a range of temperatures.
Crustal Growth During Continental Rifting: An Example from the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen

The Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen (SOA) is one of several aulacogens that formed within the North American craton during breakup of the Laurentian Supercontinent in Late Proterozoic to Cambrian time. Lithospheric extension that formed the SOA was accompanied by voluminous bimodal igneous activity. Following cessation of rift-related igneous activity, isostatic adjustment of the crust resulted in accumulation of 4-5 km of Paleozoic sediments within an intracratonic basin that developed over the subsiding aulacogen. Uplift by block faulting, accompanied by erosion, during the late Paleozoic Ouachita Orogeny, and again in the Cretaceous and late Cenozoic, exposed the Cambrian igneous basement. The absence of significant Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation within the mid-continent ensure preservation of the rift assemblage. Subsequent erosion has exposed the volcanic and plutonic rocks that floored this aulacogen such that the present erosional surface is not far below the erosional surface in Cambrian time. Integrated petrologic and geophysical investigations of these igneous rocks and the underlying crust suggest a significant amount of new material can be added to the crust during periods of lithospheric extension.
The effects of ruminal acidosis on volatile fatty acid absorption and plasma activities of pancreatic enzymes in lambs.

Twenty crossbred wethers (41.9 ± 4.0 kg BW), each fitted with a ruminal cannula and a jugular catheter, were used in a completely ran- domized design to examine the effects of ruminal acidosis on plasma activities of pancreatic enzymes and fractional rates of VFA absorption. Lambs had ad libitum access to a 50% concentrate diet. Acidosis was induced by an intraruminal dose of glucose at 0, 6, 12, or 18 g/kg BW via the ruminal cannula. Ruminal fluid and plasma were collected 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after dosing. Ruminal fluid pH was reduced (linear, P .10). Ten days after the acidosis insult, rumens were evacuated and contents were replaced with an isotonic Cr:VFA solution to measure ruminal VFA absorption. Ruminal fluid was collected hourly from 0 to 6 h. Fractional rate of acetate absorption was 13% lower for lambs receiving 18 g/kg BW glucose than for control lambs. In addition, fractional liquid passage rate was lower ( P < .05) in lambs receiving 18 g/kg BW glucose 6 mo after the insult of acidosis. These data suggest that a short-term, severe insult of acute acidosis does not result in pancreatic tissue damage but may result in reduced ruminal VFA absorption for an extended period of time.
Interpersonal Affect: Does It Really Bias Performance Appraisals?

Interpersonal affect, a like-dislike relationship between a supervisor and his/her subordinate, has traditionally been conceptualized as a source of bias in performance appraisals. However, some researchers have argued that affect may not be a bias, especially where it develops as a result of past performance. In this field study, using data from 190 supervisors, we further delineate the relationship between affect and performance ratings. Both affect and performance level were found to have significant effects on performance ratings. Results also indicated that raters are able to separate their liking for a subordinate from actual performance when assigning performance ratings, suggesting that affect may not operate as a bias in the appraisal process.
Hybrid Ray Mode Analysis of Transient Scattering

Transient radiation from, and scattering by, objects of finite size is important for applications pertaining to antennas and to target identification. The behavior of the radiated or scattered field depends markedly on the spectral range of the exciting illumination. At very high frequencies or short wavelengths, geometric-optical methods (Keller, 1962; Deschamps, 1972) based on local properties of the radiator or scatterer are accurate and efficient, whereas at low frequencies or long wavelengths the quasi-static volume effect of the object plays a crucial role (Kleinman and Senior, Chapter 1 of this volume). In the intervening range, the so-called “resonance region” where object dimensions are comparable with the wavelength, neither of these approximate analytical techniques applies but numerical methods may be employed to advantage. These features become operative collectively when the exciting transient field resembles an impulse so that its spectrum spans the entire frequency range. Here, the singularity expansion method, or SEM (Baum, 1976), which represents the object response as a series of damped oscillations, is most effective at the intermediate and lower frequencies relevant to intermediate and long observation times although efforts have been made to show that it can in principle (but with some difficulty) accommodate even the high-frequency regime descriptive of the wavefront and early time response. More effective, and physically more transient during early times, is the ray-like and causal tracking of the wavefronts per se, and the field not too far behind the wavefronts. This procedure, however, becomes cumbersome at moderately late times when very many such ray-type fields must be considered, and high-frequency approximations are no longer applicable. Most promising in this connection is a hybrid formulation which combines SEM resonances and wavefront representations within a single framework that seeks to exploit the advantages of each (Heyman and Felsen, 1983a).
Students Who Fail to Achieve Predefined Research Goals May Still Experience Many Positive Outcomes as a Result of CURE Participation

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide students opportunities to engage in research in a course. Aspects of CURE design, such as providing students opportunities to make discoveries, collaborate, engage in relevant work, and iterate to solve problems are thought to contribute to outcome achievement in CUREs. Yet how each of these elements contributes to specific outcomes is largely unexplored. This lack of understanding is problematic, because we may unintentionally underemphasize important aspects of CURE design that allow for achievement of highly valued outcomes when designing or teaching our courses. In this work, we take a qualitative approach and leverage unique circumstances in two offerings of a CURE to investigate how these design elements influence outcome achievement. One offering experienced many research challenges that increased engagement in iteration. This level of research challenge ultimately prevented achievement of predefined research goals. In the other offering, students experienced fewer research challenges and ultimately achieved predefined research goals. Our results suggest that, when students encounter research challenges and engage in iteration, they have the potential to increase their ability to navigate scientific obstacles. In addition, our results suggest roles for collaboration and autonomy, or directing one's own work, in outcome achievement.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of tetra-lithium octa-fluorido-zirconate(IV), Li4ZrF8, from single-crystal X-ray data.

Presented herein is the crystal-structure redetermination of Li4ZrF8 from single-crystal X-ray data. Alkali zirconium fluorides are important in nuclear-relevant technologies, and zirconium is commonly employed as an analogue for tetra­valent f-block elements. The previous structure report of this species is based on powder X-ray data [Dugat et al. (1995). J. Solid State Chem. 120, 187–196] but there has never been a refined structure model from single-crystal data. The octa­fluorido­zirconate moieties are held together by electrostatic attraction to lithium ions without sharing of fluoride sites between zirconium(IV) ions.
Ebola’s Assault on Women, Children, and Family Reproduction: An Introduction to the Issues

What is certain is that pregnancy and childbirth, even during global health disasters and humanitarian emergencies, will always happen. The subject of this book—pregnancy, women, and children during the West Africa Ebola epidemic of 2013–2015—is challenging to capture in an introduction. The problems of pregnancy and childhood during the West Africa Ebola epidemic posed specific challenges and unanswered opportunities that require a biosocial approach, a respect for phenomenological experience, and an unprecedented level of seriousness about sociocultural factors. In the decade before the west African epidemic, significant gains had been achieved in maternal, infant, and childhood health and mortality in the countries most affected by Ebola—Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. The Ebola epidemic erased these gains. This book establishes a framework of a cross-cutting research agenda that is derived from the necessarily partial and incomplete presentations of evidence and experiences by an interdisciplinary group of contributors who took the risk of sharing what they knew about the Ebola outbreak based upon their own experiences and insights. Each chapter offers a glimpse into one facet of the kaleidoscopic biology, epidemiology, clinical care, and human experience of pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood during the Ebola virus disease epidemic that remain elusive as a whole.
A tale of two volatilities: Sectoral uncertainty, growth, and asset prices

Abstract What is the impact of higher technological volatility on asset prices and macroeconomic aggregates? I find the answer hinges on its sectoral origin. Volatility that originates from the consumption (investment) sector drops (raises) macroeconomic growth rates and stock prices. Moreover, consumption (investment) sector’s technological volatility has a positive (negative) market price of risk. I show that a quantitative two-sector DSGE model that features monopolistic power for firms and sticky prices, as well as early resolution of uncertainty, can explain the differential impact of sectoral volatilities on real and financial variables. In all, the sectoral decomposition of volatility can overturn the typical negative relation between aggregate volatility and economic activity.
Frobenius Decomposition of Positive Compact Operators

This work discusses the contributions of the authors to the analysis of nonnegative reducible operators on Banach lattices. In the first portion, we let (Ω, Σ, μ) denote a σ-finite measure space and L p (Ω, Σ,μ) (1 ≤ p 0. In the second half of this work, we study the structure of the algebraic eigenspace corresponding to the spectral radius of a nonnegative reducible linear operator having a completely continuous iterate and defined on a Banach lattice E with order continuous norm. The combinatorial characterization of the Riesz index of the spectral radius and of the dimension of the algebraic eigenspace is made possible by a decomposition of the underlying operator in a form generalizing the Frobenius normal form of a nonnegative reducible matrix.
Case 16-2019: A 53-Year-Old Man with Cough and Eosinophilia.

A Man with Cough and Eosinophilia A 53-year-old man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was evaluated for cough that had developed 3 months earlier, shortly after he had returned from exte...
Book Review of Harvey Mansfield, Manliness

In this book review, I provide an overview and partial critique of Harvey Mansfield's Manliness. Contrary to what Mansfield sometimes implies, but never really commits to, feminism has been good, not bad, for society. Feminist politics has worked and continues to work a mostly wonderful revolution in the way we live our lives and choose our aspirations. In Part I, I explain what is wrong with Mansfield's critiques of feminism, as well as with his poorly constructed argument for promoting gender-based norms in private life. However, I note that many feminisms are not without problems. Most feminist theories that reject gender essentialism have indeed been fundamentally problematized - feminist theory is troubled. Mansfield appears to posit this trouble as an inevitable slide toward nihilism, but I argue that he is off the mark. In Part II, I move on to what is a fairer problematization of feminisms that reject gender essentialism: Rejecting gender essentialism leads to the extremely difficult question of how people with socially constructed identities are to change their social construction. I examine Simone de Beauvoir's, Catharine MacKinnon's, and Judith Butler's responses to this problem. I argue that de Beauvoir's solution - transcend gender - feels too naive. I argue that MacKinnon's radical feminist solution - explode gender - feels unresponsive to many women's desires and wishes, despite its aim to accomplish this explosion through less top-down, more grassroots mechanisms. I argue that Butler's postmodern feminist solution - embracing "gender trouble," rather than seeking to escape gender constructions - is elegant, but has still failed to satisfy those who desire concrete implications for politics or law. As Steven Seidman has said, queer theory and postmodernism seem to have started out "against identity politics" but ended up promoting an empty, and potentially irrelevant, "politics against identity." In Part III, I argue that there are real political implications that we can draw from the rejection of identity politics and essentialism, including gender essentialism. While anti-essentialism doesn't tell us how to live our lives, it can tell us what kinds of legal rights to protect and construct, in order to ensure that there is room to rally against the very real suffering and injustice that social norms and identities have so often caused.
Noah: a story of peacebuilding, nonviolence, reconciliation, and healing

ABSTRACTFor years there has been a failure to show the relevance between the application of religious text within social work and the social sciences. This paper provides a functional framework on ...
The chromosomes of Cunninghamia konishii, C.lanceolata and Taiwania cryptomerioides (Taxodiaceae).

Karyotype analyses were conducted onCunninghamia konishii, Cunninghamia lanceolata, andTaiwania cryptomerioides, all members ofTaxodiaceae. The somatic chromosome number was found to be 2n = 2x = 22 in all species which concurrs with previous reports. The karyotypes are generally asymmetrical with the smaller chromosomes being more submedian than the larger ones. Chromosomes with unusual or specific structures, thought to be associated with the nucleolar organizing region, were found in each species.Cunninghamia species have a marker chromosome pair with an unusually long secondary constriction.Taiwania has an unusually long kinetochore region present in a submedian chromosome pair.
Depression and Financial Distress in a Clinical Population: The Value of Interdisciplinary Services and Training

Therapy professionals who work from a systems theory perspective recognize the complex nature of client problems, as well as the value of a holistic, ecosystemic approach. In practice, a specific area of crossover that therapists may notice involves mental health issues and financial concerns; two of the most pervasive include depression and financial distress. This study sought to explore whether findings from an interdisciplinary clinical population were consistent with existing literature on the relationship between depression and financial distress. It was hypothesized that financial distress would predict depression, and that depression would predict financial distress. Evidence of a significant relationship between depression and financial distress in the interdisciplinary clinical sample was found (N = 118). As a result, additional education, training, and collaborative work with complementary areas like financial planning or financial counseling may be of benefit to therapists working with similar populations. The value and implications of interdisciplinary training, as well as an existing interdisciplinary clinic model, are discussed.
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative: National Standards Governing A Binational Resource A Call for International Rulemaking

The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (Agreement) has been in force for over two decades. The Agreement is a unique arrangement between the United States and Canada for the management of a binational resource as a complete ecosystem. During this time, concerns have been raised that the United States is not committed to full implementation of the Agreement.1 This Note will answer whether the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), when promulgating the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative, honored the binational ecosystem approach articulated in the Agreement. Although the EPA's rulemaking process for the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI) was impressive, numerous shortfalls exist. Particularly, neither the International Joint Commission (IJC) nor Canada was involved in the decision-making process. The absence of these two parties produced three distinct defects in the decision-making process: (1) the decisions of the EPA were not entirely consistent with the specific mandate of the Agreement; (2) the United States did not honor the binational approach to the management of the Great Lakes; and (3) the EPA did not attempt to manage the Great Lakes as an ecosystem. In order to remedy these defects, this Note proposes that the EPA include both the IJC and the Canadian government in any decisionmaking
A Real-time method for Sensing Suspended Dust Concentration from the Light Extinction Coefficient

Abstract In powder handling and processing industry, location of dust emission can vary, with the suspended dust concentration assessment requiring installation of an immovable or wired equipment. For increased dust sensing, not limited by location within the facility, a portable suspended dust concentration measuring system is needed. In this study, a new method of sensing suspended dust concentration under daylight environment using the change in light extinction coefficient was developed. The method involves capturing images of the suspended dust cloud and then analyzing the light extinction coefficient. This method mitigated the environmental light scattering and absorption and eliminated the noise from the images obtained through a camera by calibration between two targets. Cornstarch, corn dust, and sawdust were used as test materials in this study. The light extinction coefficient (e) was found to correlate with the suspended dust concentration, and the e values depended on the dust properties. Mass extinction coefficient (K) was obtained for cornstarch, saw dust and corn dust, from known suspended dust concentrations using image analysis. The mass extinction coefficient of the three sample materials tested in this study were in the range of 0.03–0.04. This method of using light extinction coefficient can be used for real-time sensing of suspended dust concentration in both open and confined spaces.
The Rise and Fall of Modern Plagues

Millennia separate smallpox, the oldest pandemic, and COVID-19, the newest. Both calamities arose from an opportunistic virus amid human crowding. A vaccine for smallpox existed since the late 18th...
Homeless advocacy and the rhetorical construction of the civic home: by melanie loehwing, university park, penn state university press, 2018, pp. 214, $89.95 (hardcover) ISBN: 978-0-271-08215-8

As the United States experiences a pandemic-driven economic decline, the precariousness of housing security again presents itself as an ongoing facet of American life. Indeed, in August 2020, the A...
The Epic Sepsis Model Falls Short—The Importance of External Validation

Sepsis accounts for nearly 1 million hospitalizations annually and is a major contributor to hospital length of stay, health care expenditures, and in-hospital mortality (ranging from 12.5%-15%).1 Early sepsis identification allows care teams to promptly implement goal-directed therapy to mitigate clinical deterioration. In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, Wong et al2 report on their external validation of the Epic Sepsis Model (ESM), a prediction tool available within the Epic electronic health record that is designed to generate automated alerts that warn clinicians that patients may be developing sepsis. Based on their examination of 38 455 hospitalizations at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) between December 2018 and October 2019, Wong et al2 found that the ESM had a sensitivity of 33%, specificity of 83%, positive predictive value of 12%, and negative predictive value of 95%, with an area under the curve of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.62-0.64). This falls short of the area under the curve of 0.76 to 0.83 that was jointly reported by Epic and University of Colorado Health.3 Despite generating alerts on 18% of all patients, the ESM did not detect sepsis in 67% of patients with sepsis. Identify all potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to your comment. Conflicts of interest comprise financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including but not limited to employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speaker's bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued. Err on the side of full disclosure. If you have no conflicts of interest, check "No potential conflicts of interest" in the box below. The information will be posted with your response. Not all submitted comments are published. Please see our commenting policy for details.
Factors Swaying Inspiration of Employees Performance in the Insurance Companies of Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis Between Demographic Forces and Components of Organizational Commitment

This empirical study has been conducted through an explanatory survey design. A survey with a structured questionnaire has been conducted for collecting primary data. A convenient random sampling technique was used to collect primary data for examining the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. It means the relationship between the three components of organizational commitment and inspiration of employees’ performance; demographic factors and inspiration of employees’ performance in the insurance companies of Bangladesh. A total number of 400 structured questionnaires were distributed and received back with properly filled 378 questionnaires that were statistically used for analysis. The statistical software SPSS (IBM 26) has been used for input and processing raw data into hypothetical final results. Descriptive statistics, binary correlation, multiple regression analysis, and lastly One-Way-ANOVA have been used step by step to test the hypothetical research results.
Mechanism of aromatic substitution by phenyl radicals

ion may become the rate determining step, in which case they expect to find a deuterium isotope effect The mechanisms of DeTar and Sagmanli0 and of Lynch and Pausacker9-10 involve generating biaryl. at least in part, in induced decomposition steps. While there is no doubt that Induced decomposition occurs in the case of benzoyl peroxide, no evidence for induced decomposition has been obtained for some of the other sources of free phenyl radicals, notably phenylazotriphenylmethane. As a matter of fact, phenylazotriphenylmethene shows good first order kinetics even to high fractions of decomposition, and these kinetics are not affected by the presence of trityl radical• Thus, while it is possible that some biaryl may be generated in induced decomposition steps when some radical sources are used, there must also be some formed in other reactions, and it is the mechanism of the formation of the latter in which we are primarily interested. S ihe "kryptoradical" mechanism of Kuisgen and HopeId is a concerted mec-ar.lzz. (see Historical section) . They applied
Abstract 249: Male Mice with XX Sex Chromosome Complement Exhibit Reduced Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Atherosclerosis

Objective: Hypertension and atherosclerosis exhibit sexual dimorphism, partially ascribed to effects of sex hormones. However, recent studies suggest that sex chromosome complement may also contribute to sexual dimorphism of these diseases. The renin-angiotensin system has been suggested to contribute to sexual dimorphism of hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, the relative contribution of sex hormones, versus chromosomes, in the regulation of angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated responses is unknown. We hypothesized that the presence of an XX chromosome complement in male hyperlipidemic mice would reduce AngII-induced hypertension and atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Male Ldlr-/- mice with an Sry mutation but with an Sry transgene on autosomes were bred to Ldlr-/- females to generate XY or XX males. Male XY or XX mice were segregated to sham-operated or orchiectomized (ORC) groups and fed a high fat diet (42% kcal from fat). Two weeks later, mice were infused with AngII (1,000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. In the presence of sex hormones (sham groups), systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in AngII-infused XX than XY males (XY, 136 ± 4; XX, 119 ± 4 mmHg, p=0.024). In XY males, ORC had no significant effect on SBP compared to sham (ORC XY, 129 ± 6 mmHg; p=0.48). However, following castration of XX males, SBP significantly increased (ORC XX 135 ± 3 mmHg; p =0.002). In XY males, ORC resulted in a significant increase in atherosclerotic lesion surface area in the aortic arch (sham, 19 ± 4; ORC, 32 ± 7%; p=0.04). In contrast, ORC had no significant effect on lesion surface area in XX males (sham, 17 ± 3; ORC, 15 ± 2%; p=0.53). Moreover, in the absence of sex hormones, lesion surface area was markedly increased in XY compared to XX males (XY, 32 ± 7; XX, 15 ± 2%; p=0.002). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that effects of testosterone to regulate AngII-induced hypertension and atherosclerosis are dependent on sex chromosome complement. In XY males, testosterone protects against AngII-induced atherosclerosis. In XX males, testosterone protects against AngII-induced hypertension. Moreover, there is pronounced effect of XY chromosome complement to promote AngII-induced atherosclerosis in males.
Structural Gene Products of the Murine Ah Complex

Antibodies against mouse-liver microsomal cytochromes P1-450 and P-448, two polycyclic aromatic inducible cytochromes, were previously developed [Negishi, M. and Nebert, D.W. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11015-11023]. Liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated and phenobarbital-treated and control adult mice and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-treated adult and fetal mice were examined. Immunoprecipitable radioactivity was measured, following labeling with pyridoxal phosphate/NaB[3H]4 or with 125I-labeled p-aminosulfobenzoic acid/NaNO2 in vitro or with [3H]leucine, [14C]glucosamine, or [32P]O4 in vivo. (a) Induction of cytochrome P1-450 occurs developmentally earlier in gestation than induction of cytochrome P-448 when the mother is treated with polycyclic aromatic compounds. (b) There appears to be a basal form of cytochrome P-448 but no cytochrome P1-450 in control liver microsomes; inducibility of cytochrome P-448 thus ranges between 5--12-fold, whereas that of P1-450 is infinite. (c) Phenobarbital pretreatment induces no detectable P1-450 or P-448. (d) P-448 appears to be either greater in concentration than P1-450 in the membrane or more exposed than P1-450 on the microsomal membrane surface. (e) By the radioimmunoassay methods used, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced P1-450 and P-448 in Ah-nonresponsive mice are indistinguishable from those in Ah-responsive mice; this is true in both the fetus and the adult. (f) Compared with P-448 expression, the expression of P1-450 is more closely associated with 3-methylcholanthrene-induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, and these two structural gene products are apparently regulated independently. (g) P-448 but not P1-450 appears to be a glycoprotein. These data illustrate further differences between two forms of polycyclic aromatic-inducible P-450 in mouse liver. Neither P1-450 nor P-448 appears to be a phosphoprotein. Neither anti-(P1-450) nor anti-(P-448) precipitates any forms of liver microsomal P-450 from beta-naphthoflavone-treated adult rabbits and, conversely, anti-LM4 (the antibody to rabbit liver microsomal P-450 form 4) does not precipitate any forms of liver microsomal P-450 from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated C57BL/6N mice.
Advances in Studying Phonon Mean Free Path Dependent Contributions to Thermal Conductivity

The thermal conductivity of a material or device is dependent on its characteristic dimension. When the characteristic dimension is commensurate to the mean free paths of thermal energy carriers, the thermal conductivity decreases. The precise relationship between characteristic size and thermal conductivity, which depends on the distribution of energy carrier mean free paths in the material, is not straightforward to determine experimentally. The utility of this relationship has led many researchers to study the mean free path dependent contributions of thermal energy carriers to the thermal conductivity of materials, known as the thermal conductivity accumulation function. This review highlights a number of recent experimental results and techniques used to study the thermal conductivity accumulation function, including transient thermal grating, time domain thermoreflectance, and broadband frequency domain thermoreflectance. In these techniques, nondiffusive thermal transport is induced (i.e., thermal ...