cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 2D±J Ising spin glass: exact partition functions in polynomial time

Abstract We describe an exact integer algorithm to compute the partition function of a two-dimensional ±J Ising spin glass. The algorithm takes as input a set of quenched random bonds on the square lattice and returns the density of states as a function of energy. Unlike the transfer-matrix method, the algorithm is limited to two dimensions; the computation time, however, is polynomial in the lattice size. The algorithm is used to study the ±J spin glass on L × L lattices with periodic boundary conditions. The lattices vary in size from L=4 to L=36. We investigate scaling laws for properties of the ground state and low-level excitations. We also examine the roots of the partition function in the complex plane. Quenched averages are performed by statistically sampling a large number of realizations of randomness. The potential to handle two-dimensional Ising models with different types of quenched randomness is also discussed.
Fate of the pouch in 151 pediatric patients after ileal pouch anal anastomosis.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) offers many pediatric patients a surgical cure for mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC) with preservation of anal continence. However, some patients incur serious problems after surgery including chronic pouchitis and pouch failure. The goal of this study is to identify clinical and pathologic factors that are associated with an adverse outcome of IPAA. Methods: A retrospective analysis of outcome was performed in 151 consecutive patients ≤ 21 years of age who underwent IPAA with a mean follow-up of 7.24 years (range, 2 to 15 years). Patients were categorized into 4 outcome groups: A, no pouchitis; B, mild, acute pouchitis; C, chronic refractory pouchitis; and D, pouch failure. Pairwise comparisons were used to test the association between the groups and clinical and pathologic variables including age, sex, duration of symptoms, perianal disease, colonoscopic histology, terminal ileitis, operation type, staged versus unstaged IPAA, colonic specimen histology, early postoperative complications defined as less than 31 days postsurgery, late postoperative complications defined as 31 or more days postsurgery, and pouch fistulae. Crohn's disease as a definitive diagnosis and indeterminant colitis, a histologic diagnosis, also were tested for association with the above variables and outcome groups. Results: One hundred and fifty-one pediatric patients underwent IPAA utilizing mucosectomy and hand-sewn S or J (n = 44) and stapled J or S-W anastomosis (n = 107) with 0% mortality rate and outcome as follows: group A, n=54; group B, n=73; group C, n=11; group D, n=13. Variables strongly associated with poor outcome, groups C and D, were duration of symptoms ( P =.03), perianal disease ( P =.03), late complications ( P P P P =.01), perianal disease ( P =.004), early ( P =.006) and late ( P P Conclusions: Crohn's disease appears to be an important determinant of postoperative complications, chronic pouchitis, and pouch failure and occurred in 15% of the authors' patients after IPAA. Indeterminant colitis and the intraoperative findings of terminal ileitis are not associated with Crohn's disease or adverse outcome after IPAA in pediatric patients. Operation type and stage do not alter the clinical course after IPAA in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Surg 38:78-82. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
2,4,6-trifluorobenzonitrile.

The title compound, C7H2F3N, contains three crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the crystal structure; two of these mol­ecules have symmetry m and the third has symmetry mm. Each independent mol­ecule forms a planar or approximately planar layer with its own kind. There are three different types of inter­layer contacts, two of which are similar to each other, while the third is distinctly different. The packing within the layers is similar to that found in 2,5- and 3,6-difluoro­benzonitrile, with weak C—H⋯N inter­actions holding the mol­ecules in the layers. The remarkable feature of this structure is the presence of more than one type of inter­layer inter­action.
Independent directed acyclic graphs for resilient multipath routing

In order to achieve resilient multipath routing, we introduce the concept of independent directed acyclic graphs (IDAGs) in this paper. Link-independent (node-independent) DAGs satisfy the property that any path from a source to the root on one DAG is link-disjoint (node-disjoint) with any path from the source to the root on the other DAG. Given a network, we develop polynomial-time algorithms to compute link-independent and node-independent DAGs. The algorithm developed in this paper: 1) provides multipath routing; 2) utilizes all possible edges; 3) guarantees recovery from single link failure; and 4) achieves all these with at most one bit per packet as overhead when routing is based on destination address and incoming edge. We show the effectiveness of the proposed IDAGs approach by comparing key performance indices to that of the independent trees and multiple pairs of independent trees techniques through extensive simulations.
Metal-coordination-mediated sequential chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in a heteroditopic ligand system

Sequential fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer over a zinc ion gradient have been engineered in a two-fluorophore heteroditopic ligand platform. This is the first report that the strategies of metal-coordination modulated photoinduced electron transfer (PET), internal charge transfer (ICT), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are integrated in one synthetic fluoroionophore. Comparing to the previously reported single-fluorophore heteroditopic ligands (L. Zhang, R. J. Clark and L. Zhu, Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 2894–2903), the resolution of two emission channels is greatly enhanced to almost 100 nm. This two-fluorophore heteroditopic platform lends promise to creating dual-emission fluorescent indicators where low- and high-target concentration regimes could be analyzed using independent emission filter sets.
Violence prediction in the Emergency Department.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the SAGE assessment survey could predict, within the Emergency Department setting, those youth at risk for engaging in violent behavior. It also examined whether those who test positive for engaging in high-risk violent behavior during the initial baseline SAGE survey were prone to continue this behavior 1 month later. This was an observation, convenience sample of young male and female patients, half of whom had injuries related to violence and half of whom had injuries unrelated to violence, who presented when a research fellow was available. They were given the SAGE aggression assessment survey and questioned about their risk behavior in the past 6 months to 1 year. Those youths were contacted 1 month after enrollment to determine the incidence of continued at-risk behavior. Demographic information was used to contact the patient on follow-up but not for identification purposes. The study was IRB-approved. The setting was a Level I pediatric and adult trauma center in an inner city with 45,000 annual visits. The inclusion criteria were: age 10-24 years, consenting patient or guardian, medically stable, and able to communicate. The exclusion criteria were: those youths who were uncooperative or refused to participate. The comparison between the SAGE overall scores of the 182 subjects with 46% who had injuries related to violence vs. 54% who presented with injuries not related to violence did not show a significant difference. Those who presented with non-violent injuries had an overall score range of 7-8 with a mean of 7.4 and those who presented with violent injuries had an overall scale of 10-11 with a mean of 10.1 out of a possible 12 total. There were, however, significant differences at the .05 or less level when looking at specific questions asking about certain behaviors such as physical fighting, shoving, needing medical attention, and kicking, in the initial survey. At the 1-month follow-up, with 118 subjects, the SAGE tool also showed differences in the areas of physical fighting, shoving, and kicking between the 56% who had injuries not related to violence vs. the 44% who did have violence-related injuries. It identified 18-50% of those who presented with violence-related injuries and who continued to engage in high-risk behavior at the 1-month follow-up. These results indicate that the SAGE survey scores based on the responses to all 12 questions is not effective in identifying those youths at risk for general violent behavior, especially with a high-risk population. A set of four questions from the 12-question SAGE survey, however, was successful at tracking specific types of at-risk behaviors. This indicates that certain questions within the SAGE survey may be effective at tracking those who engage in high-risk violent behavior. These same questions were able to track those who continued to engage in high-risk violent behaviors 1 month later. Language: en
A pulsed corona-Townsend method for measurement of electron/ion number ratios and drift velocities

A new, easily-implemented method based on the pulsed-Townsend technique has been developed to measure drift velocities of charge carriers in a corona discharge at atmospheric pressure. The method also yields the electron/ion number ratio and an upper limit on the value of the electron attachment coefficient. Approximate electron drift velocities measured in nitrogen are in agreement with known values. In addition, the negative ion mobility obtained in nitrogen containing small amounts (0-3.7%) of oxygen agrees with known data. Therefore the pulsed corona-Townsend technique can be used to obtain data in gas mixtures of practical interest. The method can also distinguish the charge carriers in a corona discharge. This is especially useful in nonelectronegative gases with unknown concentrations of electronegative impurities. >
Predatory behaviors of Neoseiulus californicus and Galendromus helveolus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) attacking Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae).

Predatory behaviors of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Galendromus helveolus (Chant) attacking Oligonychus perseae Tuttle, Baker and Abbatiello on avocado leaves were videotaped and analyzed. Behaviors were recorded for "fresh" predators that were used 48 hr post receipt from a commercial insectary and "cold stored" predators that were maintained at 12°C for 14 days. Fresh and cold stored G. helveolus were observed to attack O. perseae only after invading webbed nests. Con- versely, fresh and cold stored N. californicus employed three different modes of predatory attack: (1) intercepting and attacking migrant O. perseae outside of web nests; (2) attacking prey through nest webbing; or (3) invading and attacking O. perseae inside nests. Predatory efficacy of both N. californi- cus and G. helveolus was reduced following cold storage, as both species engaged in certain predatory behaviors less frequently in comparison to predators that were not stored at low temperatures. Our ob- served results for N. californicus and G. helveolus attacking O. perseae are interpreted in relation to the chaetotaxy hypothesis, which proposes that phytoseiid invasion efficiency and propensity of webbed nests is facilitated by dorsal setal lengths.
Is the Internet a US invention?—an economic and technological history of computer networking

Abstract Although the inventions embodied in the Internet originated in a diverse set of industrial economies, the US was consistently the source of critical innovations and an early adopter of new applications. Why did other nations, including several that made important inventive contributions to the Internet, not play a larger role in its development, particularly in the creation of new business organizations, governance institutions, and applications? We argue that the role of the US “national innovation system” in the creation of the Internet echoes several key themes of US technological development before 1940. The presence of a large domestic market, a set of antitrust and regulatory policies that weakened the power of incumbent telecommunications firms, and a diverse private/public research community that was willing to work with both domestic and foreign inventions were important preconditions for US leadership in computer networking innovation.
Nutritional Evaluation with an Animal Model of Cottage Cheese Fortified with Calcium and Guar Gum

Apparent absorption of calcium by rats from cottage cheese was very efficient under the conditions tested. However, overall calcium retention and, to a lesser extent, bone calcium content increased with each increment in dietary calcium. Despite sensitivity of the model to variation in calcium intake, no effect of guar gum on calcium utilization was noted. Increasing the calcium added to cottage cheese increased phosphorus retention, did not antagonize utilization of magnesium and zinc, and only slightly decreased iron utilization in rats.
A comparison of the nutritional quality of organic and conventional ready-to-eat breakfast cereals based on NuVal scores.

Objective To identify whether there were differences in nutritional quality between organic and conventional ready-to-eat breakfast cereals of similar types, based on NuVal scores. Design The current descriptive study analysed NuVal scores for 829 ready-to-eat breakfast cereals and eighteen different cereal types. ANOVA was used to compare the mean NuVal scores of 723 conventional cereals with those of 106 organic cereals. Setting Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (n 829) with NuVal scores. Subjects Not applicable. Results There was no significant difference in NuVal scores between conventional (mean 28·4 (sd 13·4)) and organic (mean 30·6 (sd 13·2)) cereal types. Conclusions Consumers who choose the organic version of a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal believing that nutritional quality is superior may not be making a valid assumption. Public health nutrition educators must help consumers understand that organic cereals are not necessarily more nutritious and their consumption could result in excessive intake of undesirable nutrients, such as fat, sugar and sodium.
Adaptive spreading/coding gains for energy efficient routing in wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we propose several joint rate adaptation and routing solutions for energy efficient communication in CDMA ad hoc networks. The proposed schemes exploit the interactions between layers, by jointly acting at the physical and the network layer to effectively manage the network interference. At the physical layer, an appropriate transmission rate is selected based on the current link quality. At the network layer, routes are determined such as to minimize the end to end energy consumption. To further improve the performance, a coding/spreading technique is used that gives an additional coding gain advantage.
Spatially varying weighted HSI diffusion for color image denoising

This paper presents a novel anisotropic diffusion framework for color image denoising. Unlike previous approaches, our method is based on separating a color image into hue, saturation and intensity (HSI) components, and then diffusing each component with spatially varying weighted partial differential equations (PDE). The hue denoising is implemented by a new weighted orientation diffusion, and the saturation diffusion is a modified curvature flow. The intensity diffusion PDE is a combination of a gradient vector flow (GVF)-based filter and a fourth-order filter. This combined technique provides a robust and accurate denoising process, i.e., it preserves edges well and at the same time overcomes the staircase effect in smooth regions. The denoising experiments on a set of standard color images have shown satisfactory results.
2-D analytic model for inductively coupled plasma sources. I. Electromagnetic model and kinetic analysis

Inductively coupled plasma sources (ICPS) have recently received increasing interest for semiconductor etching and deposition. A 2-D (r, z) electromagnetic (EM) model of ICPS is developed in terms of the mode analysis (MA) technique. Based upon the eigenmode expansion, a closed-form of the vector and scalar potentials of the EM fields is obtained, which provides exact and fast computing for the EM fields in the structure. By means of the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation, a 2-D model is established to describe the kinetic behaviors of plasmas. The closed-form solution for calculating induced space-currents is given, in which a collisionless coupled damping dominates the interaction mechanism between the induced RF wave and plasmas. In this connection, the 2-D coupled damping effect will be analyzed in detail in the following paper. >
On Time-Critical Data Transmission of EtherNet/IP

Ethernet Industrial Protocol (EtherNet/IP) is the network based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detected (CSMA/CD), and its Application Layer employs CIP certified to IEC61158, which satisfies the requirements of transferring time-critical I/O data in industrial field. The transferring mechanism of time-critical data was analyzed, thus the problem of uncertainty of data transferring is resolved.
Real-time processing algorithms for target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery

The authors present a linearly constrained minimum variance (TCMV) beamforming approach to real time processing algorithms for target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery. The only required knowledge for these LCMV-based algorithms is targets of interest. The idea is to design a finite impulse response (FIR) filter to pass through these targets using a set of linear constraints while also minimizing the variance resulting from unknown signal sources. Two particular LCMV-based target detectors, the constrained energy minimization (CEM) and the target-constrained interference-minimization filter (TCIMF), are presented. In order to expand the ability of the LCMV-based target detectors to classification, the LCMV approach is further generalized so that the targets can be detected and classified simultaneously. By taking advantage of the LCMV-based filter structure, the LCMV-based target detectors and classifiers can be implemented by a QR-decomposition and be processed line-by-line in real time. The experiments using HYDICE and AVIRIS data are conducted to demonstrate their real time implementation.
Genetic regulation of feed intake and energy balance in poultry

Intensive selection by poultry breeders over many generations for economically important production traits such as growth rate and meat production has been accompanied by significant changes in feed intake and energy balance. For example, the modern commercial broiler, selected for rapid growth and enhanced muscle mass, does not adequately regulate voluntary feed intake to achieve energy balance. When given unrestricted access to feed, broilers exhibit hyperphagia leading to an excessive accumulation of energy (fat) stores, making these birds prone to obesity and other health-related problems. Humoral and neural pathways have been identified and studied in mammals that link appetite and energy balance. A series of highly integrated regulatory mechanisms exists for both of these processes involving complex interactions between peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Within the central nervous system, the brainstem and the hypothalamus play critical roles in the regulation of feed intake and energy balance. Genes encoding key regulatory factors such as hormones, neuropeptides, receptors, enzymes, transcription factors, and binding/transport proteins constitute the molecular basis for regulatory systems that derive from integrated sensing, signaling, and metabolic pathways. However, we do not yet have a complete understanding of the genetic basis for this regulation in poultry. This review examines what is currently known about the regulation of feed intake and energy balance in poultry. A better understanding of the genes associated with controlling feed intake and energy balance and how their expression is regulated by nutritional and hormonal stimuli will offer new insights into current poultry breeding and management practices.
Secure scalable disaster electronic medical record and tracking system.

IntroductionElectronic medical records (EMRs) are considered superior in documentation of care for medical practice. Current disaster medical response involves paper tracking systems and radio communication for mass-casualty incidents (MCIs). These systems are prone to errors, may be compromised by local conditions, and are labor intensive. Communication infrastructure may be impacted, overwhelmed by call volume, or destroyed by the disaster, making self-contained and secure EMR response a critical capability.ReportAs the prehospital disaster EMR allows for more robust content including protected health information (PHI), security measures must be instituted to safeguard these data. The Wireless Internet Information System for medicAl Response in Disasters (WIISARD) Research Group developed a handheld, linked, wireless EMR system utilizing current technology platforms. Smart phones connected to radio frequency identification (RFID) readers may be utilized to efficiently track casualties resulting from the incident. Medical information may be transmitted on an encrypted network to fellow prehospital team members, medical dispatch, and receiving medical centers. This system has been field tested in a number of exercises with excellent results, and future iterations will incorporate robust security measures.ConclusionA secure prehospital triage EMR improves documentation quality during disaster drills.DeMersG, KahnC, JohanssonP, BuonoC, ChiparaO, GriswoldW, ChanT. Secure Scalable Disaster Electronic Medical Record and Tracking System. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-4.
A Novel Inverse-Magnetostrictive Force Sensor

The change in magnetic permeability of a material under stress (inverse magnetostriction) offers the potential for a high-performance, low-cost force sensor capable of being used in harsh real-world environments. The existing force sensor technologies are limited in their use in commercial products by either cost issues or susceptibility to electromagnetic noise. Inverse Magnetostriction has been used to measure strain in controlled environments since its discovery by Joule in 1847, but not in practical applications due to a lack of data on how magnetic material properties change with environmental conditions such as temperature. Utilizing an innovative noise-reducing self-inductance design, this paper presents the basis for an inverse-magnetostrictive compressive load sensor. A lumped-parameter model for the change in sensor inductance under load, due to both mechanical and magnetic effects, is derived. The material properties of a magnetostrictive iron alloy are empirically determined over a broad range of loads and temperatures. The model and material properties are confirmed by testing a prototype force sensor. The prototype measures compressive forces from 100 to 25 000 N over a temperature range of 20 degC to 120 deg with a typical error of +/-2% (4% max). The sensor does experience significant thermal hysteresis for which the model does not currently account. This work was motivated by the need for a force sensor in an automobile electric brake system and used a single iron alloy (50% Ni), but the model and testing procedure provide a roadmap for future research to improve the performance and capabilities of such a sensor
Contesting the objectivist paradigm: gender issues in the technical and professional communication curriculum

The inclusion of a course in gender issues in a technical communication curriculum affords students the opportunity to confront objectivist and rationalist paradigms still found in the discourse of technical communication. The theoretical and practical foundations of a course that examines feminist inquiry into the production and dissemination of knowledge, as well as the language practices associated with professional writing and communication, are discussed. Issues of gender roles within organizational collaborative work groups, as well as issues related to gendered assumptions in science and technology, are also integral parts of the course design. A description of objectives, assignments, and tests for the course, as well as a full syllabus, are included. >
A novel conformal all-surface mount RFID tag antenna design

A simple, low-profile, all-surface RFID tag has been proposed. The tag has been studied in its planar and conformal form to understand bending effects. The tag was placed on different surfaces and the performance of the tag was evaluated in detail. It has been shown that this tag is robust in different environments (surfaces) and can be used for various applications ranging from logistics to remote human monitoring. Initial measurements done with the conformal tag show that it can be a good candidate for human monitoring. Finally, paper was used as the tag substrate in order to design a green tag and initial results have been promising.
Aerodynamics of maneuvering slender wings with leading-edge separation

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990.
Mild Performic Acid Oxidation Enhances Chromatographic and Top Down Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Histones

Recent developments in top down mass spectrometry have enabled closely related histone variants and their modified forms to be identified and quantitated with unprecedented precision, facilitating efforts to better understand how histones contribute to the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription and other nuclear processes. It is therefore crucial that intact MS profiles accurately reflect the levels of variants and modified forms present in a given cell type or cell state for the full benefit of such efforts to be realized. Here we show that partial oxidation of Met and Cys residues in histone samples prepared by conventional methods, together with oxidation that can accrue during storage or during chip-based automated nanoflow electrospray ionization, confounds MS analysis by altering the intact MS profile as well as hindering posttranslational modification localization after MS/MS. We also describe an optimized performic acid oxidation procedure that circumvents these problems without catalyzing additional oxidations or altering the levels of posttranslational modifications common in histones. MS and MS/MS of HeLa cell core histones confirmed that Met and Cys were the only residues oxidized and that complete oxidation restored true intact abundance ratios and significantly enhanced MS/MS data quality. This allowed for the unequivocal detection, at the intact molecule level, of novel combinatorially modified forms of H4 that would have been missed otherwise. Oxidation also enhanced the separation of human core histones by reverse phase chromatography and decreased the levels of salt-adducted forms observed in ESI-FTMS. This method represents a simple and easily automated means for enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of top down analyses of combinatorially modified forms of histones that may also be of benefit for top down or bottom up analyses of other proteins.
Scaling of muscle architecture and fiber types in the rat hindlimb

The functional capacity of a muscle is determined by its architecture and metabolic properties. Although extensive analyses of muscle architecture and fiber type have been completed in a large number of muscles in numerous species, there have been few studies that have looked at the interrelationship of these functional parameters among muscles of a single species. Nor have the architectural properties of individual muscles been compared across species to understand scaling. This study examined muscle architecture and fiber type in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) hindlimb to examine each muscle's functional specialization. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that architectural properties are a greater predictor of muscle function (as defined by primary joint action and anti-gravity or non anti-gravity role) than fiber type. Architectural properties were not strictly aligned with fiber type, but when muscles were grouped according to anti-gravity versus non-anti-gravity function there was evidence of functional specialization. Specifically, anti-gravity muscles had a larger percentage of slow fiber type and increased muscle physiological cross-sectional area. Incongruities between a muscle's architecture and fiber type may reflect the variability of functional requirements on single muscles, especially those that cross multiple joints. Additionally, discriminant analysis and scaling of architectural variables in the hindlimb across several mammalian species was used to explore whether any functional patterns could be elucidated within single muscles or across muscle groups. Several muscles deviated from previously described muscle architecture scaling rules and there was large variability within functional groups in how muscles should be scaled with body size. This implies that functional demands placed on muscles across species should be examined on the single muscle level.
Bifunctional transalkylation and hydrodeoxygenation of anisole over a Pt/HBeta catalyst

Abstract The catalytic conversion of anisole (methoxybenzene), a phenolic model compound representing a thermal conversion product of biomass lignin, to gasoline-range molecules has been investigated over a bifunctional Pt/HBeta catalyst at 400 °C and atmospheric pressure. The product distribution obtained on the bifunctional catalyst was compared with those obtained on monofunctional catalysts (HBeta and Pt/SiO2). This comparison indicates that the acidic function (HBeta) catalyzes the methyl transfer reaction (transalkylation) from methoxyl to the phenolic ring, yielding phenol, cresols, and xylenols as the major products. The metal function catalyzes demethylation, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrogenation in sequence, resulting in phenol, benzene, and cyclohexane. On the bifunctional catalyst, both methyl transfer and hydrodeoxygenation are achieved at significantly higher rates than over the monofunctional catalysts, leading to the formation of benzene, toluene, and xylenes with lower hydrogen consumption and a significant reduction in carbon losses, in comparison with the metal function alone. In addition, on the bifunctional Pt/HBeta, the rate of deactivation and coke deposition are moderately reduced.
Dielectric properties of oxidized porous silicon in a low resistivity substrate

Oxidized porous silicon (OPS) is characterized for its high frequency electrical properties up to 50 GHz. Transmission line properties are determined from measurement data and are compared with high and low resistivity silicon benchmark designs. Best OPS performance of 50 Ohm lines is observed on oxide-capped OPS, having attenuation of approximately 2.93 dB/cm at 4 GHz with an effective dielectric constant of 3.25. This technology offers promise for extending the use of CMOS circuitry to higher RF frequencies.
Phylogenetic analysis of Hoxa 11 sequences reveals absence of transposable elements, conservation of transcription factor binding sites, and suggests antisense coding function.

Nine thousand and eighty-eight base pairs of the chicken Hoxa 11 gene, including 8470 bases 5' of the translation start site were sequenced, and the characteristics of the upstream sequence investigated. Consistent with previous findings that middle repetitive elements are rare in the HoxA cluster, no repetitive elements were found other than simple oligonucleotide repeats. Multiple and pairwise alignments of the chicken upstream sequence with its human and mouse orthologs revealed multiple regions of 80% or higher homology across species. For the chicken, these regions were separated by sequences with no significant homology to human, mouse, or in most cases any other Genbank sequences. Selective clustering of transcription factor binding motifs was found to occur within the conserved homologous regions, suggesting evolutionary conservation of critical regulatory sequences. Of particular interest, seven conserved Cdx binding sites were found in the Hoxa 11 promoter, suggesting regulation by a non-cluster...
The measurement of emotional reactions to work: Conceptual, methodological and research issues

Abstract This paper offers an overview of the literature on the measurement of emotional reactions to work. The paper opens with discussion of the meaning, definition and assessment of the terms ‘work’, ‘emotion’, and ‘health/well-being’ and then proposes that an understanding of the complex relationships among these variables should proceed through the use of ecological and interactional models. It is noted that, although there is still some controversy regarding the relationships between emotions, health and well-being, there is a growing recognition of the fact that emotions are closely related to the origins and exacerbation of disease and the promotion of health and well-being. Also, as an important context for human activity and development, the workplace can be both a direct and indirect source of negative emotions that are associated with severe stress, especially if certain workplace characteristics (e.g. quantitative and qualitative overload, poor control, low wages and poor social supports) are...
Exploring the role of temporal dynamics in acoustic scene classification

Identification of acoustic scenes often relies on finding the most informative features that best characterize the physical nature of sound sources in the scene. In this paper, we propose a framework that provides a detailed local analysis of spectro-temporal modulations augmented with generative modeling that map both the average modulation statistics of the scene using Gaussian Mixture Modeling (GMM) as well temporal trajectories of these modulations using Hidden Markov Modeling (HMM). Our analysis shows that a hybrid system of these two representations can capture the non-trivial commonalities within a sound class and differences between sound classes. The proposed hybrid system outperforms current systems in the literature by about 30 % and surpasses the performance of the individual GMM and HMM systems suggesting that these representations provide complimentary information about acoustic scenes.
GTPase Activating Protein (Sh3 Domain) Binding Protein 1 Regulates the Processing of MicroRNA-1 during Cardiac Hypertrophy.

Background MicroRNAs (miR) are small, posttranscriptional regulators, expressed as part of a longer primary transcript, following which they undergo nuclear and cytoplasmic processing by Drosha and Dicer, respectively, to form the functional mature ~20mer that gets incorporated into the silencing complex. Others and we have shown that mature miR-1 levels decrease with pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy, however, there is little or no change in the primary transcript encompassing miR-1 stem-loop, suggesting critical regulatory step in microRNA processing. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms regulating miR-1 expression in cardiomyocytes. Results Here we report that GTPase–activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1 (G3bp1), an endoribonuclease regulates miR-1 processing in cardiomyocytes. G3bp1 is upregulated during cardiac hypertrophy and restricts miR-1 processing by binding to its consensus sequence in the pre-miR-1-2 stem-loop. In accordance, exogenous G3bp1 is sufficient to reduce miR-1 levels, along with derepression of miR-1 targets; General transcription factor IIB (Gtf2b), cyclin dependent factor 9 (Cdk9) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (Eif4e). While Cdk9 and Gtf2b are essential for transcription, Eif4e is required for translation. Thus, downregulation of miR-1 is necessary for increase in these molecules. Similar to miR-1 knockdown, G3bp1 overexpression is not sufficient for development of cardiac hypertrophy. Conversely, knockdown of G3bp1 in hypertrophying cardiomyocytes inhibited downregulation of miR-1 and upregulation of its targets along with restricted hypertrophy, suggesting that G3bp1 is necessary for development of cardiac hypertrophy. These results indicate that G3bp1-mediated inhibition of miR-1 processing with growth stimulation results in decrease in mature miR-1 and, thereby, an increase of its targets, which play fundamental roles in the development of hypertrophy. Conclusion G3bp1 posttranscriptionally regulates miRNA-1 processing in the heart, and G3bp1 mediated downregulation of mature miRNA-1 levels is required for the derepression of its targets and increase in gene expression during cardiac hypertrophy.
SERUM PHOSPHATASE—ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION IN DISEASES OF BONE

1. In reviewing the relation of serum-phosphatase activity to the more common diseases of bone, it has been found, in general, that there is an increase in serum-phosphatase activity accompanying the formation of unusual amounts of new or of abnormal bone. There appears to be little or no increase associated with the purely destructive lesion of bone. 2. Determinations of serum phosphatase are an important aid in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Paget's disease, osteitis fibrosa cystica, and tumors of bone. 3. The level of serum-phosphatase activity cannot be used as an index of healing or of the ability of a fracture to heal. 4. No significant changes in serum-phosphatase activity were noted in cases of bone and joint tuberculosis and of osteomyelitis. 5. Serial phosphatase determinations are suggested as a criterion of effective therapy in Paget's disease, hyperparathyroidism, osteoblastic osteogenic sarcoma, and rickets.
When Bitcoin Mining Pools Run Dry

Bitcoin has established itself as the most successful cryptocurrency with adoption seen in many commercial scenarios. While most stakeholders have jointly benefited from the growing importance of Bitcoin, conflicting interests continue to negatively impact the ecosystem. In particular, incentives to derive short-term profits from attacks on mining pools threaten the long-term viability of Bitcoin.
Distributed Optimization for Automating Air Traffic Flow Management

Automation of air traffic flow has the potential to allow a significant increase in air traffic capacity with a minimal increase in physical infrastructure. While conventional global optimization methods can provide powerful solutions to the air traffic flow problem, they are difficult to integrate into the existing air traffic system. Human operators have difficulty interpreting results of such algorithms, may not trust their conclusions, and may not be able to use the results to augment their current planning. Instead, this paper proposes using a distributed optimization approach. With this method solutions are produced dynamically and locally (though possibly using global information). The distributed algorithm has the advantage that the human operator can more easily interpret a local solution. In addition the distributed algorithm allows for a human operator to ignore the solution, since the algorithm can adapt in locations where it is still in use. We test the feasibility of this algorithm through simulating a number of congestion scenarios in the Chicago center using historical data. The results show that our method performs well and can achieve 15% better performance than a distributed Monte Carlo algorithm. Additionally performance is acceptable when a large number of human operators ignore the automation.
Studies on the Melting Point of Cacao Butter

We studied about the melting point of cacao butter by treating with different temperature and gained the results as follows.1. Different melting point of cacao butter was observed by the different cooling condition, and the melting point rose upward by the storage for long period. Only one day storage at 25°C gave melting point of 32°C or 33°C.2. When the crystallized cacao butter was repeated, higher melting point than the untreated, was quickly attained. For instance, by the reheat treatment at 15°C for one hour or at 25°C for one hour gave melting point only 1°C lower than the highest melting point. Moreover as the another condition, by cooling at -50°C for one hour and then by reheating at 29°C for 5 hours, it showed the highest melting point, this was unchanged. From these evidences it was found that the maximum melting point is to be given quickly by reheating above 25°C.3. It was convinced that a good result is to obtain by cooling and then reheating the bitter chocolate, or by adding 10% of stable crystalized cacao butter, and this was also proved through the graphical analysis of temperature gradient of cooling curve.4. If tempering tangent of the cooling curve shows the value of near 1.0 or below 1.0, this molten chocolate is to be assumed that this was tempered under the good conditions, it was found.
Phase-Change Ionic Liquids for Postcombustion CO2 Capture

Phase-change ionic liquids, or PCILs, are salts that are solids at normal flue gas processing temperatures (e.g., 40–80 °C) and that react stoichiometrically and reversibly with CO2 (one mole of CO2 for every mole of salt at typical postcombustion flue gas conditions) to form a liquid. Thus, the melting point of the PCIL–CO2 complex is below that of the pure PCIL. A new concept for CO2 separation technology that uses this key property of PCILs offers the potential to significantly reduce parasitic energy losses incurred from postcombustion CO2 capture by utilizing the heat of fusion (ΔHfus) to provide part of the heat needed to release CO2 from the absorbent. In addition, the phase transition yields almost a step-change absorption isotherm, so only a small pressure or temperature swing is required between the absorber and the stripper. Utilizing aprotic heterocyclic anions (AHAs), the enthalpy of reaction with CO2 can be readily tuned, and the physical properties, such as melting point, can be adjusted by...
Nanocarrier fabrication and macromolecule drug delivery: challenges and opportunities

Macromolecules (proteins/peptides) have the potential for the development of new therapeutics. Due to their specific mechanism of action, macromolecules can be administered at relatively low doses compared with small-molecule drugs. Unfortunately, the therapeutic potential and clinical application of macromolecules is hampered by various obstacles including their large size, short in vivo half-life, phagocytic clearance, poor membrane permeability and structural instability. These challenges have encouraged researchers to develop novel strategies for effective delivery of macromolecules. In this review, various routes of macromolecule administration (invasive/noninvasive) are discussed. The advantages/limitations of novel delivery systems and the potential role of nanotechnology for the delivery of macromolecules are elaborated. In addition, fabrication approaches to make nanoformulations in different shapes and sizes are also summarized.
Large-Eddy and RANS Simulations of a Normal Shock Train in a Constant-Area Isolator

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of a normal shock train in a constant-area isolator (M∞ = 1.61, Reθ = 1660) are carried out with a high-order compact differencing scheme using localized artificial diffusivity (LAD) for shock capturing. We examine sensitivities of the solution to a variety of physical modeling assumptions. Simulations with spanwise periodic boundary conditions are first performed, the results of which are compared to experiment and validated with a three-level grid refinement study. Due to the computational cost associated with resolving near-wall structures, the LES is run at a Reynolds number lower than that in the comparison experiment; thus, the confinement effect of the turbulent boundary layers is not exactly duplicated. While this discrepancy affects the location of the first normal shock, the overall structure of the shock train and its interaction with the boundary layers matches the experiment quite closely. Observations of pertinent physical phenomena in the experiment such as a lack of reversed flow and the development of secondary shear layers are captured by the simulation. Next, a series of linear eddy viscosity based Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations are performed to assess the ability of reduced-order models to accurately capture the complicated physics of multiple shock/boundary layer interactions. It is found that the RANS solutions exhibit a wide range of variations, indicating a strong sensitivity – particularly with respect to streamwise location of the initial shock -- to model formulation. Finally, three-dimensional effects due to the side walls of the isolator are investigated by performing LES of the same shock train interaction in a three-dimensional, low-aspect-ratio rectangular duct geometry. A significant three-dimensional flow feature is observed in the region of the strong initial shock, which agrees well with experimental oil flow visualizations.
Unleashing the power of multi-agent voting teams

Teams of voting agents have great potential in finding optimal solutions. However, there are fundamental challenges to effectively use such teams: (i) selecting agents; (ii) aggregating opinions; (iii) assessing performance. I address all these challenges, with theoretical and experimental contributions.
A Comprehensive Comparison of Multiparty Secure Additions with Differential Privacy

This paper considers the problem of secure data aggregation (mainly summation) in a distributed setting, while ensuring differential privacy of the result. We study secure multiparty addition protocols using well known security schemes: Shamir’s secret sharing, perturbation-based, and various encryptions. We supplement our study with our new enhanced encryption scheme EFT, which is efficient and fault tolerant.Differential privacy of the final result is achieved by either distributed Laplace or Geometric mechanism (respectively DLPA or DGPA), while approximated differential privacy is achieved by diluted mechanisms. Distributed random noise is generated collectively by all participants, which draw random variables from one of several distributions: Gamma, Gauss, Geometric, or their diluted versions. We introduce a new distributed privacy mechanism with noise drawn from the Laplace distribution, which achieves smaller redundant noise with efficiency. We compare complexity and security characteristics of the protocols with different differential privacy mechanisms and security schemes. More importantly, we implemented all protocols and present an experimental comparison on their performance and scalability in a real distributed environment. Based on the evaluations, we identify our security scheme and Laplace DLPA as the most efficient for secure distributed data aggregation with differential privacy.