cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Market competition, station ownership, and Local public affairs programming on broadcast television

This study examines the relationship between competitive conditions in television markets, ownership characteristics, and commercial broadcast television station provision of local public affairs programming. The results from an analysis of a random sample of 285 fullpower television stations showed that half of the stations in the sample did not air any local public affairs programming during the 2-week sample period. Among the study’s other findings are that competitive conditions and station financial resources do not necessarily increase the provision of local public affairs programming and that ownership characteristics bear little meaningful relationship to local public affairs programming provision. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00320.x In the U.S. system of broadcast regulation, the provision of locally produced informational programming traditionally has been considered an important component of a station’s fulfillment of its obligation to serve the public interest (Federal Communications Commission [FCC], 1999b), with informational programming generally defined as local news and public affairs programming. It is through the provision of such programming that stations are able to serve the informational needs and interests of their local communities. This localism principle refers to media policy makers’ long-standing commitment to assuring that media services effectively serve and reflect the needs and interests of local communities—as opposed to having a primarily national or regional orientation in the services that they provide (FCC, 2004). The manifestation of this principle at one point took the form of specific FCC-imposed requirements for minimum levels of local news and public affairs programming (FCC, 1976). The FCC traditionally has operated under separate definitions of news and local public affairs programming. The commission has defined public affairs programming (the focus of this analysis) as ‘‘programs dealing with local, state, regional, national or
Flow-based evaluation of cerebral revascularization using near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography.

Object Indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography has been established as a noninvasive technique to gauge the patency of a bypass graft; however, intraoperative graft patency may not always correlate with graft flow. Altered flow through the bypass graft may directly cause delayed graft occlusion. Here, the authors report on 3 types of flow that were observed through cerebral revascularization procedures. Methods Between February 2009 and September 2013, 48 bypass procedures were performed. Excluded from analysis were those cases in which ICG videoangiography was not performed during surgery (whether it was not available or there was a technical issue with the microscope or the quality of ICG angiography) and/or in which angiography or CT angiography was not done within 24–72 hours after surgery. After anastomosis, bypass patency was assessed first using a noninvasive technique and then with ICG videoangiography, and flow through the graft was characterized. Patients who received a vein or radial artery gr...
Regular schedules for scalable design of IIR filters

The authors present regular schedules, a class of parallel schedules for computing mth-order infinite-impulse response (IIR) filters. These schedules permit the implementation of IIR filters on a family of scalable parallel architectures with varying price/performance characteristics, enabling designers to effectively explore the design space of parallel IIR filter implementations. The technique is illustrated on a target architecture comprising application-specific instruction processors (ASIPs) clustered on multichip modules (MCMs), with the MCMs connected through a scalable interconnection network. The simplicity of the regular schedules facilitates characterization of their interprocessor communications, which makes it possible to generate instruction-level behavior of the design that can be easily mapped onto ASIP architectures. Preliminary results of design space exploration for the fifth-order elliptic wave filter benchmark on the interconnected ASIP architectures are presented. >
Cutting Edge: Granzyme B Proteolysis of a Neuronal Glutamate Receptor Generates an Autoantigen and Is Modulated by Glycosylation

Autoimmune processes are initiated when tolerance to self-proteins fails to be established or maintained and immune cells are stimulated by self-Ags. Although intracellular autoantigens are common, the origin of extracellular autoantigens is poorly defined and possibly more dangerous. In this study, we considered a mechanism for the origin of an extracellular autoantigen from the neuronal glutamate receptor subunit 3 (GluR3) in Rasmussen’s encephalitis, a severe form of pediatric epilepsy. We demonstrate that specific cleavage of GluR3 by granzyme B (GB), a serine protease released by activated immune cells, can generate the GluR3B autoantigenic peptide, but only if an internal N -linked glycosylation sequon within the GluR3-GB recognition sequence (ISND*S) is not glycosylated. However, this N -glycon sequon while glycosylated normally is inefficiently used and glycosylation can fail. These results suggest that GB/ N -glycon sites may escape normal tolerance mechanisms and contribute to autoantibody-mediated immune diseases.
The mnemonic value of perceptual identification.

In four experiments, subjects were required to name words presented on a CRT screen. On generate trials, the words were presented quickly, at a point where roughly half could be identified correctly; on read trials, the items were presented for a full second, allowing for rapid and easy naming. A surprise recognition test for the presented items then revealed a substantial retention advantage for the briefly presented items, but no similar advantage was produced in recall. It is argued that under rapid viewing conditions subjects may fail to extract enough visual features to allow for immediate resolution, requiring the initiation of a kind of data-driven generation process. This latter process then produces a generation effect for the briefly presented items compared with the read items, but only on a retention test that shows sensitivity to data-driven processing. These results are discussed from the standpoint of current theoretical views on the generation effect.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFICIENT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND FIRM INNOVATION: AN ARCHIVAL SEARCH AND ANALYSIS

This paper illustrates the use of secondary data for operations and supply chain management research by investigating the association between efficient supply chain management and innovation of firms. An empirical inquiry is conducted using archival financial statement information and patent citation data for firms in the manufacturing sector, over a 10-year period from 1987 to 1996. Longitudinal analysis, focusing on the influence of efficient supply chain management on a firm’s innovation over time, is conducted. Results and limitations are discussed along with a summary of steps, which may be followed when using secondary data for operations and supply chain management research.
Determining aptitudes for engineering managers

On the basis of a field investigation of 500 engineering managers, specific measures have been defined for assessing aptitudes for technical management. The author discusses the development and application of these new instruments for evaluating career interests for advancement potential. This study was organized to investigate aptitudes toward engineering management and to define a simple aptitude test. The findings and resulting instruments can help both engineering professionals and managers to determine the potential for advancement and subsequent effective role performance as engineering manager. The instruments can further help in the management selection, transition, and development process. >
Biliary Lecithin Secretion. II. Effects of Dietary Choline and Biliary Lecithin Synthesis

Summary Choline which is absorbed from the intestine is incorporated into biliary lecithin, andstudies were performed to determine if the dietary content of choline influences biliary lecithin synthesis and secretion. Rats were fed either a choline-deficient diet or diets supplemented with 0.5% choline or 5.0% choline and studied after 2 to 3, weeks. As determined by 32 P incorporation into bile lecithin, synthesis was at least 50% greater in animals supplemented with 5.0% choline than in deficient animals. Changes in dietary choline produced no change in bile salt pool size or secretion rate. However, with each increment in dietary choline, biliary lecithin as well as cholesterol secretion rates were significantly increased. The results demonstrate that although bile salt is required for biliary lecithin secretion, the magnitude of secretion is principally dependent upon the extent of biliary lecithin synthesis, which in turn may be regulated by the amount of dietary choline. Results further indicate that biliary cholesterol secretion is more closely linked to lecithin than to bill-, salt secretion. These findings would therefore suggest that lecithin secretion might be independently manipulated when bile salt is deficient to achieve enhanced biliary cholesterol transport.
The Bible and Sexuality

What does it mean to be a man over against a woman, a woman over against a man? The Bible offers various paradigms and insights, and I do not attempt here to analyse all of them, but rather to reflect on a number of key passages which I have found illuminating in the context of contemporary questions.
Casual or Causal Relationships between the U.S. Dollar, Gold, Oil and Equity Markets

This paper examines the degree of correlation and possible causation between the prices of gold, oil, short- and long-term interest rates, U.S. equities and the U.S. currency value against the Euro and British Pound. The data set utilizes daily returns for the period between the beginning of 1999 and August, 2011 and yearly sub-intervals within that period. The rationale for the research derives from some widely held observations based on correlations, and related opinions, regarding relationships between the 4 variables perceived to be relatively consistent, but different than longer term data results, in the recent financial crisis period encompassing 2007 through 2009. The study takes a more historical perspective and draws conclusions regarding how strong, or weak these relationships might be and whether they seem to be temporary, and possibly an aberration, or a trend that is likely to continue. Articles based on recent observations, over the past four years, in the financial press suggest an inverse relationship between stock prices and the U.S. dollar; oil and the U.S. dollar, and gold prices and the U.S. dollar. We are analyzing the relationship, long and short term between these variables for potential use in prediction models and also, as possible portfolio diversification tools.
Temporal regulation of the Xenopus FGF receptor in development: a translation inhibitory element in the 3′ untranslated region

Early frog embryogenesis depends on a maternal pool of mRNA to execute critical intercellular signalling events. FGF receptor-1, which is required for normal development, is stored as a stable, untranslated maternal mRNA transcript in the fully grown immature oocyte, but is translationally activated at meiotic maturation. We have identified a short cis-acting element in the FGF receptor 3' untranslated region that inhibits translation of synthetic mRNA. This inhibitory element is sufficient to inhibit translation of heterologous reporter mRNA in the immature oocyte without changing RNA stability. Deletion of the poly(A) tract or polyadenylation signal sequences does not affect translational inhibition by this element. At meiotic maturation, we observe the reversal of translational repression mediated by the inhibitory element, mimicking that seen with endogenous maternal FGF receptor mRNA at meiosis. In addition, the activation of synthetic transcripts at maturation does not appear to require poly(A) lengthening. We also show that an oocyte cytoplasmic protein specifically binds the 3' inhibitory element, suggesting that translational repression of Xenopus FGF receptor-1 maternal mRNA in the oocytes is mediated by RNA-protein interactions. These data describe a mechanism of translational control that appears to be independent of poly(A) changes.
Distinct Metabolic Signature of Human Bladder Cancer Cells Carrying an Impaired Fanconi Anemia Tumor-Suppressor Signaling Pathway

Metabolic profiling has great potential to help the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Fanconi Anemia (FA) tumor-suppressor signaling has been instrumental in understanding human tumorigenesis. However, this instrumental understanding has never been demonstrated at the metabolic level. Here, we show that impaired FA signaling can lead cells to exhibit metabolic signatures of tumorigenesis. This is consistent with our original studies of the roles of FA signaling in suppressing non-FA tumorigenesis at functional and genetic levels. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we characterized metabolic alterations in bladder cancer cells carrying an intact or impaired FA pathway. The latter was obtained by ectopically expressing FAVL (FAVL-high), which we previously found to be capable of inactivating FA signaling. A total of 18 metabolites, end products of cell proliferation or apoptosis, were significantly different between FAVL-high and -low cells. Methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine, resulting from a tumorigenic process, were substantially increased in FAVL-high cells. With this study, we achieved genomic, functional, and metabolomic characterization of the roles of FA signaling in the development of human cancer. Furthermore, this study provides novel insights into how to translate FA basic research into strategies for producing effective biomarkers in human cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Rapid Miniaturized Chromatography for Technetium-99m-Tetrofosmin

The purpose of this investigation was to develop and evaluate a new and rapid miniaturized chromatography system that would accurately assess the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-tetrofosmin without the problems of solvent ratios and time requirements associated with the manufacturer’s recommended procedure. Methods: The migration of the radiochemical components of 99mTc- tetrofosmin was evaluated using various chromatography media with ethyl acetate as the solvent. After optimization of the miniaturized system, radiochemical purity assessments were performed simultaneously on 23 99mTc-tetrofosmin preparations using both recommended and miniaturized chromatography systems. Results: A miniaturized chromatography system consisting of Whatman 1 chromatography paper with ethyl acetate was developed for the radiochemical purity assessment of 99mTc-tetrofosmin. Radiochemical purity results for 99mTc-tetrofosmin preparations were similar with both recommended and miniaturized chromatography methods, with a mean difference of 1.5% ± 1.2% (s.d.). Differences in radiochemical purity results between the two chromatography systems were less than 2% (20 of 23 evaluations) with most preparations. Conclusion: Radiochemical purity results for 99mTc-tetrofosmin preparations were similar with both the manufacturer’s recommended chromatography and miniaturized chromatography systems. The miniaturized chromatography system is easier to use, and the time required to perform radiochemical purity assessments is substantially reduced.
Spectrally-Resolved Polarization Anisotropy of Single Plasmonic Nanoparticles Excited by Total Internal Reflection

Polarization-resolved optical studies of individual plasmonic nanoparticles are valuable for providing orientation information about anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures, such as nanorods and nanoparticle dimers, but are less useful for structures such as nanoprisms. In this study, the anisotropic polarization-dependent excitation field generated by through-the-objective total internal reflection (TIR) is used to probe the orientation of single gold nanorods and single silver triangular nanoprisms with spectral and polarization resolution. By correlating localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and polarization-resolved spectra with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, we show that both nanorods and nanoprisms show anisotropic polarization-sensitive scattering. While the polarization response of the nanorods is consistent with previous reports, the nanoprisms show an unexpected anisotropy that is related to their orientation in the x–y plane. Exploiting the anisotropic polarization-dependent exci...
No first use: a history

Although limitations on use of nuclear weapons have been discussed for 38 years, any significant change must now come from outside the government.
Lyα Emitters at Redshift z = 5.7

Lyα galaxies at high redshifts offer a powerful probe of both the formation of galaxies and the reionization of the intergalactic medium. Lyα line emission is an efficient tool for identifying young galaxies at high redshift because it is strong in systems with young stars and little or no dust—properties expected in galaxies undergoing their first burst of star formation. Lyα galaxies also provide a robust test of the reionization epoch that is independent of Gunn-Peterson trough observations in quasar spectra and is better able to distinguish line-center optical depths τ ~ 5 from τ ~ 105. This is because neutral gas scatters Lyα photons, dramatically "blurring" images of Lyα galaxies embedded in a neutral intergalactic medium and rendering them undetectable. We present a photometrically selected sample of redshift z ≈ 5.7 Lyα emitters derived from the Large Area Lyman Alpha survey. The presence of these low-luminosity Lyα sources immediately implies that the reionization redshift zr > 5.7. Comparing these objects with our earlier z ≈ 4.5 sample, we find that the number of z ≈ 5.7 emitters at fixed line luminosity marginally exceeds the no-evolution expectation but falls well short of published model predictions. The equivalent width distribution is similar at the two redshifts. The large equivalent widths of the Lyα line indicate young galaxies undergoing their first star formation.
Low-voltage Dc testbed design for a Z-source breaker based protection scheme

The need to develop a protection scheme has been one of the main focus points of recent research in dc grid technology. Z-source breakers are a relatively new invention in this field. Considerable research on the z-source breaker has been focused on its optimum design rather than control. In a single load / single source system these breakers do not need a complicated control. Recently a control scheme has been proposed for z-source breakers in an MVDC ring architecture with multiple loads and sources. This paper discusses design of a low-voltage dc system that can be used as a testbed for that z-source breaker protection scheme. For ease of implementation, the construction of this system has been broken down into three stages. During each stage a different aspect of the system and the breaker's performance will be observed and tested. Also, a prototype enclosure for z-source breaker is designed and initial testing results are presented. The breaker box has been assembled in a very generic way so it can be installed into any test bed with similar power levels. The control scheme requires all the breakers to communicate with a central control. This paper discusses some processing and communication solutions for the small range lab environment and proposes a scheme for setting up that network.
Amplitude Equation for a Nonlinear Three Dimensional Convective Flow in a Mushy Layer

We consider a nonlinear three-dimensional convective flow in a mushy layer. A mushy layer is a partially solidified region formed during solidification of binary alloys. During solidification, fluid flow within the mushy layer can cause vertical chimneys or channels void of solid. These chimneys can generate imperfections in the final form of the solidified alloy. The equations governing the mushy layer system are the continuity equation, heat equation, solute equation, and conservation of momentum which is governed by Darcy’s law. A quadratic nonlinear evolution equation satisfied by the amplitude is derived for hexagonal cells. This equation is obtained from the first-order system using the adjoint of the linear system. An explicit solution of the amplitude equation is also presented.
Joint arthroplasty Perioperative Surgical Home: Impact of patient characteristics on postoperative outcomes.

Joint arthroplasty Perioperative Surgical Home: Impact of patient characteristics on postoperative outcomes
The Value of Iodohippurate in Evaluation of the Myelodysplastic Child

AbstractRenal scanning with 131I iodohippurate is an accurate method to assess renal status in selected myelodysplastic children. The prone head elevated position is associated with few falsely positive scans in freely refluxing ileal conduits.
Signed measures, complex measures, and absolute continuity

Given a measure, a signed measure, or a complex measure μ on a measurable space (X, S), there are frequently other measures nearby that are closely related to μ in one way or another. These measures can often be put to good use in explicating various properties of μ. In the same vein, given two measures μ and ν (on the same or different measurable spaces), there are often useful ways in which they can be related and other ways of constructing new measures from the pair. In this chapter we explore some of the most important of these constructions and relations.
Elimination by Gamma Irradiation of Salmonella spp. and Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Inoculated in Bison, Ostrich, Alligator, and Caiman Meat †.

There is an expanding industry for the marketing of high-value meats from animals other than the typical domesticated species, including, but not limited to, bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman. In this study we compared the gamma radiation resistance of a mixture of salmonellae ( Salmonella dublin , S. enteritidis , S. newport , S. senftenberg , and S. typhimurium ) and a mixture of Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 13565, ATCC 25923, and B124) when present on ground bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman meats at 5°C. A minimum of five doses were used to establish the D values, and the studies were replicated three times. Because the type of meat did not significantly (P < 0.05) alter the radiation resistance of salmonellae and of S. aureus only slightly in the case of ostrich meat, all of the results for each organism were combined to obtain radiation D values of 0.53 ± 0.02 and 0.37 ± 0.01 kGy for Salmonella spp. and S. aureus , respectively. The authors conclude that both of these food-borne pathogens, if present, can be eliminated or greatly reduced in number, depending upon the level of contamination, from these meats by gamma radiation doses between 1.5 and 3.0 kGy at 5°C, the doses currently approved by the FDA and USDA for the irradiation of poultry. The authors also conclude that similar, if not identical, control of food-borne pathogens should be expected on edible meats in general, not just on those that are generically related.
Formation of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) thin film desalination membranes plasticized with poly(ethylene glycol) by solvent-free melt extrusion

Abstract In this study, we discuss a new membrane formation route for preparing sulfonated polysulfone desalination membranes by solvent-free melt processing. Single-layer membranes composed of a 20 mol% disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymer (BPS-20K) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) plasticizers were successfully prepared by using melt extrusion. The chemical integrity of the components in the BPS-20K/PEG membranes was maintained after the extrusion process, as confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR analysis. Although some of the films appeared opaque after extrusion, this was found to be due to surface roughness. Other factors that might lead to film opacity, such as phase separation, crystallization, or micro-voids, were not found.
Learning by transferring from unsupervised universal sources

Category classifiers trained from a large corpus of annotated data are widely accepted as the sources for (hypothesis) transfer learning. Sources generated in this way are tied to a particular set of categories, limiting their transferability across a wide spectrum of target categories. In this paper, we address this largely-overlooked yet fundamental source problem by both introducing a systematic scheme for generating universal source hypotheses and proposing a principled, scalable approach to automatically tuning the transfer process. Our approach is based on the insights that expressive source hypotheses could be generated without any supervision and that a sparse combination of such hypotheses facilitates recognition of novel categories from few samples. We demonstrate improvements over the state-of-the-art on object and scene classification in the small sample size regime.
Developing innovative solutions for infrared sensing applications in collaboration with air force: 2016 grand challenge “innovations in multispectral sensory design”

Lasers and detectors are essential parts of IR sensing systems. However, many other enabling components such as diffractive optical elements, spatial light modulators, optical MEMS, filters, isolators are required. U.S. Air Force has several active programs for these technical areas. We continue looking for more innovative technologies for IR Sensing applications.
Sensitivity analysis of pulse pileup model parameter in photon counting detectors

Photon counting detectors (PCDs) may provide several benefits over energy-integrating detectors (EIDs), including spectral information for tissue characterization and the elimination of electronic noise. PCDs, however, suffer from pulse pileup, which distorts the detected spectrum and degrades the accuracy of material decomposition. Several analytical models have been proposed to address this problem. The performance of these models are dependent on the assumptions used, including the estimated pulse shape whose parameter values could differ from the actual physical ones. As the incident flux increases and the corrections become more significant the needed parameter value accuracy may be more crucial. In this work, the sensitivity of model parameter accuracies is analyzed for the pileup model of Taguchi et al. The spectra distorted by pileup at different count rates are simulated using either the model or Monte Carlo simulations, and the basis material thicknesses are estimated by minimizing the negative log-likelihood with Poisson or multivariate Gaussian distributions. From simulation results, we find that the accuracy of the deadtime, the height of pulse negative tail, and the timing to the end of the pulse are more important than most other parameters, and they matter more with increasing count rate. This result can help facilitate further work on parameter calibrations.
Disparities in abnormal mammogram follow-up time for Asian women compared with non-Hispanic white women and between Asian ethnic groups.

BACKGROUND Delays in abnormal mammogram follow-up contribute to poor outcomes. In the current study, the authors examined differences in abnormal screening mammogram follow-up between non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Asian women. METHODS The authors used a prospective cohort of NHW and Asian women with a Breast Imaging, Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) abnormal result of category 0 or 3-plus in the San Francisco Mammography Registry between 2000 and 2010. Kaplan-Meier estimation for the median number of days to follow-up with a diagnostic radiologic test was performed, and the authors compared the percentage of women with follow-up at 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days and no follow-up at 1 year for Asian women overall (and Asian ethnic groups) and NHW women. In addition, the authors assessed the relationship between race/ethnicity and time to follow-up with adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among Asian women, Vietnamese and Filipina women had the longest, and Japanese women the shortest, median follow-up (32 days, 28 days, and 19 days, respectively) compared with NHW women (15 days). The percentage of women receiving follow-up at 30 days was lower for Asians versus NHWs (57% vs 77%; P<.0001), and these disparities persisted at 60 days and 90 days for all Asian ethnic groups except Japanese. Asian women had a reduced hazard of follow-up compared with NHW women (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.72). Asian women also had a higher rate of receiving no follow-up compared with NHW women (15% vs 10%; P<.001); among Asian ethnic groups, Filipinas were found to have the highest percentage of women with no follow-up (18.1%). CONCLUSIONS Asian women, particularly Filipina and Vietnamese women, were less likely than NHW women to receive timely follow-up after an abnormal screening mammogram. Research should disaggregate Asian ethnicity to better understand and address barriers to effective cancer prevention. Cancer 2017;123:3468-75. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Studies on the mechanisms of bile acid initiated hepatic inflammation in cholestatic liver injury

The mechanism of bile acid induced cholestatic liver injury remains controversial, thus hindering the development of new therapies for these diseases. In this research highlight, we briefly review the evolution of our understanding of the pathogenesis of bile acid induced liver injury, and summarize our recent findings on this topic. Our data suggests that under pathophysiological conditions bile acid induced liver injury is mediated by inflammatory responses that are initiated from stressed hepatocytes. We conclude by mentioning potential new therapeutic approaches for treating cholestatic liver injury based on these pathophysiologic concepts.
Effect of body mass index on survival after sudden cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND Although elevated body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for cardiac disease, patients with elevated BMI have better survival in the context of severe illness, a phenomenon termed the "obesity paradox." HYPOTHESIS Higher BMI is associated with lower mortality in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors. METHODS Data were collected on 1433 post-SCA patients, discharged alive from the hospitals of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between 2002 and 2012. Of those, 1298 patients with documented BMI during the index hospitalization and follow-up data constituted the study cohort. RESULTS In the overall cohort, 30 patients were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2 ), 312 had normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ), 417 were overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 ), and 539 were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ). As expected, the prevalence of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension increased significantly with increasing BMI. Over a median follow-up of 3.6 years, 602 (46%) patients died. Despite higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in more obese patients, a higher BMI was associated with lower all-cause mortality on univariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.86 per increase by 1 BMI category, 95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.94, P = 0.002) and multivariate analysis after adjusting for unbalanced baseline comorbidities (hazard ratio: 0.86 per increase by 1 BMI category, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.96, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI is associated with lower all-cause mortality in survivors of SCA, suggesting that the obesity paradox applies to the post-arrest population. Further investigation into its mechanisms may inform the management of post-SCA patients.
Participation, Retention, and Utilization of a Web-Based Chronic Disease Self-Management Intervention Among Older Adults

Abstract Background: Web-based self-management (web-based SM) interventions provide a potential resource for older adults to engage in their own chronic disease management. The purpose of this stud...
Arbeitsrechtliche Implementierung und Durchsetzung

Bei der Erstellung, Einfuhrung und Durchsetzung eines Compliance-Systems ist zu berucksichtigen, dass Adressat von Compliance-systemimmanenten Verhaltensrichtlinien und Anweisungen uberwiegend Arbeitnehmer des jeweiligen Unternehmens oder Konzernes sind. Auch beste und wohlgemeinte Regelungen verfehlen ihre Wirkung, wenn der Aufbau eines Compliance-Systems sowie dessen Einfuhrung, Uberwachung und Durchsetzung unter Missachtung grundlegender arbeitsrechtlicher Bestimmungen erfolgen. Das deutsche Arbeitsrecht enthalt bekanntlich sehr detailliert ausgebildete, im Wesentlichen dem Schutz der Arbeitnehmer dienende Bestimmungen, deren Missachtung zu einer Unwirksamkeit oder nicht Durchsetzbarkeit einer Masnahme fuhren konnen.
Two Extensions of Results of Archimedes

We review the two results in the Method of Archimedes, show how they follow from Cavalieri's principle, and show how two extensions of them can also be proved using Cavalieri's principle.
Data-Driven Models and Algorithms for Demand Response Scheduling of Air Separation Units

Abstract Demand response (DR) scheduling of air separation units (ASUs) can be beneficial to both process and grid operations. It requires frequent changes in production schedules and the integration of dynamics and control in scheduling calculations. Model dimensionality and nonlinearity make this a challenging task, especially under practical execution-time constraints. This work focuses on DR operation of an industrial ASU system. Historical data are used to construct scheduling-relevant, Hammerstein-Wiener models of (MPC) closed-loop plant dynamics, which are then embedded in a DR scheduling calculation formulated as a nonlinear dynamic optimization problem. The approach ensures dynamic feasibility of the optimal schedule and exhibits excellent computational performance, demonstrated in an industrial case study.
Abstract TP315: Secondary Stroke Risk Factors Can Be Appropriately Managed With Telemedicine

Introduction: Access to specialized outpatient follow-up care after ischemic stroke can be limited by distance. We investigated the use of home telemedicine to monitor secondary stroke risk factors...
Spectrum of Voriconazole-Induced Periostitis With Review of the Differential Diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE. Voriconazole is an antifungal medication used primarily for the treatment of Candida and Aspergillus infections. A fairly newly described side effect of long-term voriconazole use is per...
The Complete Guide to Film and Digital Production: The People and The Process

This expanded, updated, and revised third edition of Lorene Wales’ The Complete Guide to Film and Digital Production offers a comprehensive introduction to the positions/roles, procedures, and logistics of the film and digital video production process, from development and pre-production all the way to marketing and distribution. Lorene Wales offers a hands-on approach suitable for projects of any budget and scale, explaining every stage and key role/position in the life of a film and providing a wealth of sample checklists, schedules, accounting paperwork, and downloadable forms and templates for practical use. Other topics include a description of the latest mobile apps used in production, tax incentives, the DIT, set safety, and an expanded chapter on copyright, fair use and other legal matters. A companion website includes video tutorials, a personnel hierarchy, a guide to mobile apps useful during production, PowerPoints for instructor use, and a complete set of sample production forms and templates for download, including schedules, accounting paperwork, releases, and production checklists.
Evidence of Recent Genomic Evolution in Gonococcal Strains With Decreased Susceptibility to Cephalosporins or Azithromycin in the United States, 2014–2016

BACKGROUND Given the lack of new antimicrobials or a vaccine, understanding the evolutionary dynamics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a significant public and global health priority. We investigated the emergence and spread of gonococcal strains with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins and azithromycin using detailed genomic analyses of gonococcal isolates collected in the United States, 2014-2016. METHODS We sequenced genomes of 649 isolates collected through the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project. We examined the genetic relatedness of isolates and assessed associations between clades and various genotypic and phenotypic combinations. RESULTS We identified a large and clonal lineage of strains (MLST ST9363) associated with elevated azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentration (AZIem), characterized by a mosaic mtr locus (C substitution in the mtrR promoter, mosaic mtrR and mtrD). Mutations in 23S rRNA were sporadically distributed among AZIem strains. Another clonal group (MLST ST1901) possessed 7 unique PBP2 patterns, and it shared common mutations in other genes associated with cephalosporin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Whole-genome sequencing methods can enhance monitoring of antimicrobial resistant gonococcal strains by identifying gonococcal populations containing mutations of concern. These methods could inform the development of point-of-care diagnostic tests designed to determine the specific antibiotic susceptibility profile of a gonococcal infection in a patient.
Descent and hypermobility of the rectum in women with obstructed defecation symptoms.

Obstructed defecation symptoms (ODS) are common in women; however, the key underlying anatomic factors remain poorly understood. We investigated rectal mobility and support defects in women with and without ODS using pelvic floor ultrasound and MR defecography. This prospective case-control study categorized subjects based on questions 7, 8 and 14 on the PFDI-20, which asks about obstructed defecation symptoms. All subjects underwent an interview, examination and pelvic floor ultrasound, and a subset of 16 subjects underwent MR defecography. The cul de sac-to-anorectal junction distance at rest and during maximum strain was measured on ultrasound and MRI images. The ‘compression ratio’ was calculated by dividing the change in rectovaginal septum length by its rest length to quantify rectal folding and hypermobility during dynamic imaging and to correlate with ODS. Sixty-two women were recruited, 32 cases and 30 controls. There were no statistically significant differences in age, parity, BMI or stage of rectocele between groups. A threshold analysis indicated the risk of ODS was 32 times greater (OR 32.5, 95% CI 4.8–217.1, p = 0.0003) among women with a high compression ratio (≥ 14) compared with those with a low compression ratio (< 14) after controlling for age, BMI, parity, stool type and BM frequency. Female ODS are associated with distinct alterations in rectal mobility and support that can be clearly observed on dynamic ultrasound. The defects in rectal support were quantifiable using a compression ratio metric, and these defects strongly predicted the likelihood of symptoms; interestingly, the presence or degree of rectocele defects played no role. These findings may provide new insight into the anatomic factors underlying female ODS.
tRNAviz: explore and visualize tRNA sequence features.

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are ubiquitous across the tree of life. Although tRNA structure is highly conserved, there is still significant variation in sequence features between clades, isotypes and even isodecoders. This variation not only impacts translation, but as shown by a variety of recent studies, nontranslation-associated functions are also sensitive to small changes in tRNA sequence. Despite the rapidly growing number of sequenced genomes, there is a lack of tools for both small- and large-scale comparative genomics analysis of tRNA sequence features. Here, we have integrated over 150 000 tRNAs spanning all domains of life into tRNAviz, a web application for exploring and visualizing tRNA sequence features. tRNAviz implements a framework for determining consensus sequence features and can generate sequence feature distributions by isotypes, clades and anticodons, among other tRNA properties such as score. All visualizations are interactive and exportable. The web server is publicly available at http://trna.ucsc.edu/tRNAviz/.
A 75.8dB-SNDR Pipeline SAR ADC with 2 nd -order Interstage Gain Error Shaping

This paper presents a low-cost gain error shaping (GES) technique that can substantially suppress the in-band interstage gain error in pipeline ADCs. It works for both closed-loop and open-loop amplification. A prototype ADC with the proposed 2nd-order GES technique in 40nm CMOS achieves 75.8dB SNDR over 12.5MHz BW while operating at 100MS/s and consuming 1.54mW. It achieves 174.9dB Schreier FoM. The GES-related hardware occupies less than 2% of the core area.
Student Identification and Communication Instruction: An Examination of Identity Gaps as Predictors of Communication Satisfaction and Teacher Apprehension

Authors observed three identity gaps (personal-relational, personal-enacted, and enacted-relational) as predictors of communication satisfaction and two identity gaps (personal-enacted and enacted-...
TGR5 signaling mitigates parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease.

Parenteral nutrition is associated with deleterious metabolic outcomes in patients with prolonged exposure. Here, we demonstrate that accelerated cholestasis and parental nutrition-associated liver...
Collaborative collection development: current perspectives leading to future initiatives

Abstract As academic libraries continue to face acquisition budget challenges, collaborative collection development (CCD) offers greater opportunities to fulfill the core role of library collecting and collection management, namely, to provide enhanced access to the widest variety of relevant resources in the most cost-responsible manner possible. Libraries have successfully implemented CCD projects of various types, and as a result, have achieved these needed cost savings. The authors conducted survey research to investigate current CCD activities and librarians' perceptions of its benefits, drawbacks, elements contributing to successful CCD programs, and possible obstacles to success. Library collections consist of a variety of material formats and librarians have applied CCD models to maintain needed access to these resources, shifting from ownership to access, all in support of building collective collections. The survey results found that, although challenges can exist, application of CCD activities have realized substantial benefits, financial and otherwise, for academic libraries overall.
The AutoDock suite at 30

The AutoDock suite provides a comprehensive toolset for computational ligand docking and drug design and development. The suite builds on 30 years of methods development, including empirical free energy force fields, docking engines, methods for site prediction, and interactive tools for visualization and analysis. Specialized tools are available for challenging systems, including covalent inhibitors, peptides, compounds with macrocycles, systems where ordered hydration plays a key role, and systems with substantial receptor flexibility. All methods in the AutoDock suite are freely available for use and reuse, which has engendered the continued growth of a diverse community of primary users and third-party developers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Just transition on the ground: Challenges and opportunities for social dialogue:

The process leading to a net zero carbon economy by mid-century will have massive effects on jobs, labour relations and income distribution. The idea of just transition – that achieving the ambitio...
Occupational Inflexibility and Women's Employment During the Transition to Parenthood.

The typical U.S. workplace has adapted little to changes in the family and remains bound to norms of a workweek of 40 or more hours. How jobs are structured and remunerated within occupations shapes gender inequality in the labor market, and this may be particularly true at the critical juncture of parenthood. This study provides novel evidence showing how the inflexibility of occupational work hours shapes new mothers' employment. We use a fixed-effects approach and individual-level data from nationally representative panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (N = 2,239 women) merged with occupational characteristics from the American Community Survey. We find that women in pre-birth occupations with higher shares working 40 or more hours per week and higher wage premiums to longer work hours are significantly less likely to be employed post-birth. These associations are small in magnitude and not statistically significant for men, and placebo regressions with childless women show no associations between occupational inflexibility and subsequent employment. Results illustrate how individual employment decisions are jointly constrained by the structure of the labor market and persistent gendered cultural norms about breadwinning and caregiving.
Brief of Dr. Louis Fisher and Dr. Robert J. Spitzer as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent in the Case of Republic of Iraq et al. v. Robert Simon et al., No. 08-539, in the Supreme Court of the United States

The so-called “protective return pocket veto,” exercised by President George W. Bush in 2007 against a Defense authorization bill, was facially unconstitutional, as the protective return veto combines two mutually exclusive actions: the regular or return veto, and the pocket veto. The Constitution treats the two veto procedures as mutually exclusive. Presidents may not blend or combine the two actions by claiming that they are exercising a pocket veto, but then returning the bill to Congress.
The Conceptual Infrastructure of Mathematics

By conceptual infrastructure of mathematics I mean the concepts, the terminology, the symbols, and the notations that mathematicians and people who apply mathematics use in their daily professional activities. This is very different from what is often called the conceptual foundation of mathematics, which deals critically with the deeper meaning of these concepts, an activity which only some mathematicians, and these only occasionally, worry about. I believe that the infrastructure of mathematics was and still is being developed in four stages.
Implementing information systems with stakeholder analysis: A case study

Despite the proliferation of information technology, the implementation of information systems remains problematic. While some organizations have been successful in implemen­ ting information systems, many systems fail to live up to expectations and some end up as disasters. This article describes how stakeholder analysis was used in the successful implemen­ tation of a decision support system in the Nev/ Zealand army. The system gives legal advice to New Zealand Army commanders about the laws of armed conflict.
Modeling of Nonrenewable Resources

This chapter is devoted to an important economic–environmental problem: the modeling of the optimal extraction and utilization of nonrenewable (exhaustible) resources. Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that cannot be replaced as quickly as they are being consumed. Examples of such resources include fossil fuels (petroleum, coal, and natural gas) and mineral resources (iron, gold, and other). The models of Section 10.1 consider the resource extraction process in isolation from other economic activities. Section 10.2 investigates the economic growth model with a two-factor Cobb–Douglas technology that uses physical capital and exhaustible resource to produce aggregate product.