cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A MEASURING DEVICE FOR HOLOGRAMS FROM LARGE VOLUME BUBBLE CHAMBERS

Measuring full-size reconstructed holographic images of bubbles from a large bubble chamber presents problems of size, rapid location of the desired event, and precise measurement of a local region. We present a conceptual design of a practical system using computer-controlled mirrors to align the desired vertex region along the axis of motion of a vidicon whose field of view includes the local region. Precise measurements of short-decay paths are then made by fine adjustments of the vidicon position. This method requires normal stereo photography for scanning and preliminary reconstruction of the event.
Understanding Suburban Voting Beyond SES: Contextual Forces that Shape Presidential Voting Patterns

Using 2004 - 2008 presidential election data, this study investigates suburban voting patterns by contrasting suburbs using the very attributes that define them: population density, commuting patterns, distance from the urban center, and transportation links. By examining ecological data to control for known compositional correlates of vote choice, such as socioeconomic variables and race, this analysis empirically tests for what makes suburbs politically distinct, comparing those who live in sparse and dense towns, levels of commuting to the urban core, and those who enjoy easy access to the urban center to those from towns without such links. While generalizations that suburbs are more Republican than urban areas remain valid, the reasons behind suburban tendency toward the G.O.P. go beyond the race and affluence of its residents. The key defining feature of suburbia, population density, influences voting patterns with sparser areas trending more Republican. Commuting rates and proximity to the urban center also drive differences in voting, but the effect is context dependent.
Extremum-seeking control via sliding mode with periodic search signals

In this paper, we provide the proof of the stability of an extremum-seeking control scheme enforced by a sliding mode control strategy with periodic search signals. The stability conditions are given for a general plant modeled as a static nonlinear map possibly cascaded with a linear dynamic block. Under the conditions given, either the input cost map or output cost map converges to its maximum or minimum point stably within a finite time interval. Extremum-seeking structures are studied and simulations are done under both sinusoidal and sawtooth periodic search signals. To compensate the inherit limitation of the steady state oscillation, a possible online estimation method is studied which provides a good result for a large set of cost functions.
Reinforcement Learning of Assembly Robots

This paper presents a new approach to learning a compliance control law for robotic assembly tasks. In this approach, a task performance index of assembly operations is defined and the adaptive reinforcement learning algorithm [1] is applied for real-time learning. A simple box palletizing task is used as an example, where a robot is required to move a rectangular part to the corner of a box. In the experiment, the robot is initially provided with only predetermined velocity command to follow the nominal trajectory. However, at each attempt, the box is randomly located and the part is randomly oriented within the grasp of the end-effector. Therefore, compliant motion control is required to guide the part to the corner of the box while avoiding excessive reaction forces caused by the collision with a wall. After repeating failures in performing the task, the robot can successfully learn force feedback gains to modify its nominal motion. Our results show that the new learning method can be used to learn a compliance control law effectively.
Whither configurable computing

Configurable computing has captured the imagination of many architects who want performance of application specific hardware combined with the flexibility of general purpose computers. Despite the efforts of many research groups over the past decade, successes have been rare: configurable computers so far exhibit poor cost performance for most common applications. To make things worse, configurable computers are notoriously hard to program. Commercial FPGAs are not well suited to most applications. These FPGAs are necessarily very fine grained so they can be used to implement arbitrary circuits, but the overhead of this generality exacts a very high price in density and performance. Compared to general purpose processors (including DSPs), which use very optimized function units that operate in bit parallel fashion on long data words, FPGAs are very inefficient for performing ordinary arithmetic and logical operations. FPGA based computing has the advantage only when it comes to complex bit oriented computations like count ones, find first one or complicated masking and filtering. In summary, future progress in configurable computers will result not from continued research along the same FPGA based path, but from a diversity of approaches including more coarse grained configurable architectures and constrained programming models that allow more powerful compilation techniques.
A 68-Year-Old Man With Shortness of Breath and Peripheral Edema

We report a case of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in a patient who presented with the typical clinical features of generalized lymphadenopathy: bilateral pleural effusions, splenomegaly, ascites, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma is one of the more specific peripheral T-cell lymphomas accounting for approximately 15% to 20% of cases and approximately 1% to 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Involved lymph nodes reveal partial effacement of normal architecture by a polymorphic infiltrate composed of small-to-intermediate-sized lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and histiocytes with prominent proliferation of high endothelial venules and follicular dendritic cells. Neoplastic T cells are small to intermediate in size, show abundant clear cytoplasm with distinct membranes, are predominantly CD4 positive, and often show aberrant coexpression of CD10. The clinical course is aggressive, with a median survival of less than 3 years. Most patients succumb to infectious complications rather than tumor burden, making the administration of aggressive chemotherapy difficult.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SIPP FOR CHILD SUPPORT RESEARCH AND POLICY FORMULATION

Almost all discussions of child support issues start with a review of child support receipts in the United States. The report for 1987 indicates that there were 9.4 million families with a child by a parent absent from the home); that 59070 percent of those families had awards; that of those families with awards, 51 % received all that was due, and 24% received nothing at all. The mean amount of child support due to families with awards was $3017; for those with any payments, the mean payment received was $2710 (Lester, 1990). The bottom line: only 39% of all families with children from an absent father received any child support in 1987. That so few families receive child support, almost 15 years after the passage of federal legislation mandating state child support programs, is often viewed as a failure of American social welfare policy to ensure that all parents contribute to the economic support of their children. Specifically, it
Hispanics Incarcerated in State Correctional Facilities

Abstract Criminological investigators have exhibited considerable interest in racial variations among prison inmates, variations in justice system responses to these racial groups, and related issues. However, there has been relatively little interest or research in ethnicity, particularly Hispanics. The category Hispanic is not consistently defined by ei-ther lay persons or scholars. In the media and elsewhere in the U.S., Hispanic is not consistently defined along racial lines, national origin, immigrant status, or language capacity, and, therefore, the term Hispanic has several meanings. This paper examines the characteristics of Hispanics, as an aggregate category and as subgroups, incarcerated in state cor-rectional facilities. The analysis argues that disaggregation of Hispanics into Hispanic subgroups is necessary to understand the diversity of their experiences with incarceration.
Neuropathy Signs and Tests in Therapeutic Trials of Transthyretin Amyloidosis Polyneuropathy (P7.115)

OBJECTIVE: Assess adequacy of NIS + 7 and alterations needed to quantitatively assess severity of transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR FAP). BACKGROUND: Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 nerve tests (NIS+7) is a primary outcome measure used in therapeutic trials of peripheral neuropathy. DESIGN/METHODS: The neuropathy signs and tests of previously evaluated patients with ATTR FAP (n = 97) were abstracted and evaluated. RESULTS: The median NIS (scoring of muscle weakness, decrease of muscle stretch reflexes, and of sensation) was 30 (range 0 to 150 points). Polyneuropathy was found to be lower limb predominant, length dependent and symmetrical with involvement of motor, sensory and autonomic peripheral nerve fibers. NIS muscle weakness and decreased reflexes showed only small ceiling effects, with larger floor (ceiling) effects for conventionally assessed sensory and autonomic impairments and nerve tests. The body surface distribution of sensation loss and autonomic dysfunction is inadequately assessed using NIS +7. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study confirms that typically ATTR FAP is lower limb predominant; length dependent; symmetric; and involves motor, sensory and autonomic peripheral nerve fibers. Although NIS +7 provides broad quantification of neuropathic impairment, large floor (ceiling) effects especially of sensation, autonomic dysfunction and attributes of nerve conduction were observed especially with severe neuropathic involvement. A modification of NIS +7 is suggested to better assess the body distribution of sensory and autonomic deficits and to include a more robust choice of attributes of nerve conduction. Study Supported by: - Disclosure: Dr. Suanprasert has nothing to disclose.
Correlation between atom distribution and the mixed alkali effect in (Na, K)-β-gallate

Abstract Na-β-gallate is an alkali fast ion conductor which is isostructural with β-Al2O3. Previous work had shown that the conductivity of crystals having mixed (Na, K) compositions is greatly reduced over that of the pure sodium and potassium compounds. The anomaly is similar to the “mixed alkali effect” observed in glasses and amorphous materials. Crystallographic investigation of the pure compounds and a crystal in the vicinity of the conductivity minimum has revealed that the drop in conductivity is accompanied by site preferences of Na+ and K+. The conduction plane is characterized by three distinct sites for the alkali ions, a normal Beevers-Ross lattice site and two interstitial sites. K+ is present on the normal lattice sites only. Na+ is exclusively present on the interstitial sites.
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpes Virus (KSHV) Induced COX-2: A Key Factor in Latency, Inflammation, Angiogenesis, Cell Survival and Invasion

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), an enigmatic endothelial cell vascular neoplasm, is characterized by the proliferation of spindle shaped endothelial cells, inflammatory cytokines (ICs), growth factors (GFs) and angiogenic factors. KSHV is etiologically linked to KS and expresses its latent genes in KS lesion endothelial cells. Primary infection of human micro vascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-d) results in the establishment of latent infection and reprogramming of host genes, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the highly up-regulated genes. Our previous study suggested a role for COX-2 in the establishment and maintenance of KSHV latency. Here, we examined the role of COX-2 in the induction of ICs, GFs, angiogenesis and invasive events occurring during KSHV de novo infection of endothelial cells. A significant amount of COX-2 was detected in KS tissue sections. Telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells supporting KSHV stable latency (TIVE-LTC) expressed elevated levels of functional COX-2 and microsomal PGE2 synthase (m-PGES), and secreted the predominant eicosanoid inflammatory metabolite PGE2. Infected HMVEC-d and TIVE-LTC cells secreted a variety of ICs, GFs, angiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which were significantly abrogated by COX-2 inhibition either by chemical inhibitors or by siRNA. The ability of these factors to induce tube formation of uninfected endothelial cells was also inhibited. PGE2, secreted early during KSHV infection, profoundly increased the adhesion of uninfected endothelial cells to fibronectin by activating the small G protein Rac1. COX-2 inhibition considerably reduced KSHV latent ORF73 gene expression and survival of TIVE-LTC cells. Collectively, these studies underscore the pivotal role of KSHV induced COX-2/PGE2 in creating KS lesion like microenvironment during de novo infection. Since COX-2 plays multiple roles in KSHV latent gene expression, which themselves are powerful mediators of cytokine induction, anti-apoptosis, cell survival and viral genome maintainence, effective inhibition of COX-2 via well-characterized clinically approved COX-2 inhibitors could potentially be used in treatment to control latent KSHV infection and ameliorate KS.
Validation of In Vitro Models

The 1980s have seen major research efforts focused on the development of alternative toxicity testing methodologies for the safety evaluation of chemicals. A difficult problem which has slowed the implementation of these methodologies has been validation. Validation means different things to different toxicologists; however, successful validation can take place only within the context of how the methodology is to be used: as a screen, an adjunct, or a replacement. The strategy for performing a validation study as well as the criteria for evaluation of the test methodologies will vary for each of these use categories. Correlative tests are adequate for screening purposes but mechanistic tests are required for adjuncts and replacements. The time has come to define the scientific basis of validation so that new methodologies can be efficiently processed through validation programs and incorporated into the safety evaluation process.
Teaching Effectiveness, Course Evaluation, and Academic Performance: The Role of Academic Delay of Gratification

Academic delay of gratification is a significant and positive predictor of students’ final course grades, even after controlling for the effect of their rating of the course, expected grade, and de...
Unified Modeling Language (UML) IT adoption - A holistic model of organizational capabilities perspective

This study develops an integrated research model to examine various factors affecting the IT adoption in the context of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is one type of business process modeling techniques, which in turn is a key aspect of the business process reengineering. The proposed research model is based on IT adoption framework and organizational culture theory. The model identifies fourteen variables, covering seven broad categories (IT characteristics, organization technology, environment, organization structure, organization process, organization culture, and project culture) that could potentially impact UML adoption in organizations. This comprehensive conceptual model is further validated by survey data collected from 251 North American organizations across five different industries. Our results support the proposed conceptualization and shed new light on the key factors associated with firms' adoption of UML technologies. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Durable cure of mucormycosis involving allograft and native lungs

Among the spectrum of fungi causing disease in lung allograft recipients, fungi in the order Mucorales represent uncommon pathogens. Lung transplant patients, however, often possess more than one risk factor for development of life-threatening mucormycosis. We describe a unique case of pulmonary mucormycosis involving both the allograft and the native lungs, in a single lung transplant recipient with steroid-induced diabetes. Extended intravenous amphotericin B and oral fluconazole therapy, reduction of immunosuppression, and blood glucose control achieved a durable cure without the need for surgical intervention. Early diagnosis with prompt initiation of multiagent antifungal therapy, prolonged continuation of antifungal therapies, and amelioration of contributing conditions are important elements of the treatment strategy that led to successful resolution of the infection.
NMR and Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Conformational Epitope of the Type III Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharide and Derivatives

The conformational epitope of the type III group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide (GBSP III) exhibits unique properties which can be ascribed to the presence of sialic acid in its structure and the requirement for an extended binding site. By means of NMR and molecular dynamics studies on GBSP III and its fragments, the extended epitope of GBSP III was further defined. The influence of sialic acid on the conformational properties of GBSP III was examined by performing conformational analysis on desialylated GBSP III, which is identical to the polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14, and also on oxidized and reduced GBSP III. Conformational changes were gauged by 1H and 13C chemical shift analysis, NOE, 1D selective TOCSY-NOESY experiments, J(HH) and J(CH) variations, and NOE of OH resonances. Changes in mobility were examined by 13C T1 and T2 measurements. Unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations with explicit water using the AMBER force field and the GLYCAM parameter set were used to assess static and dynamic conformational models, simulate the observable NMR parameters and calculate helical parameters. GBSP III was found to be capable of forming extended helices. Hence, the length dependence of the conformational epitope could be explained by its location on extended helices within the random coil structure of GBSP III. The interaction of sialic acid with the backbone of the PS was also found to be important in defining the conformational epitope of GBSP III.
Formation of a stable triplex from a single DNA strand.

HOMOPURINE·homopyrimidine DNA sequences have been shown to form triple-stranded structures readily under appropriate conditions1–5. Interest in DNA triplexes arises from potential applications of intermolecular triplexes as antisense inhibitors of gene expression6–8 and from the possibility that intramolecular triplexes may have a role in gene expression and recombination1. We recently presented NMR evidence for triplex formation from the DNA oligonucleotides d(GA)4 and d(TC)4, which showed unambiguously that the second pyrimidine strand is Hoogsteen base paired and the cytosines are protonated at N3 as required9,10. To obtain a more well defined triplex, and to provide a model for in vivo triplex structures, we have designed and synthesized a 28-base DNA oligomer with a sequence that could potentially fold to form a triplex containing both T·A·T and C +·G·C triplets. Our NMR results indicate that the conformation at pH5.5 is an intramolecular triplex and that a significant amount of triplex remains even at pH 8.0.
Interpreting the structure of diagnosis in initial evaluations: Primary, auxiliary and rule out patterns

The study evaluates DSM III as a natural taxonomy, a system of categories devised for identifying complex objects represented as clinical conditions. Adults seeking initial evaluations constitute the study's population. An individual's clinical condition is examined in terms of a diagnostic format consisting of primary, auxiliary and rule out positions in Axis I and presence and number of diagnoses in Axis II. Each clinical condition thus differs with respect to complexity and diagnostic formats of such conditions are analyzed quantitatively. Differences between the sexes and the races with respect to number of Axis I and Axis II diagnoses are presented. The frequency of use of a diagnostic category is analyzed with respect to position on Axis I, and Axis II, and ratings of the perceived salience and efficacy of treatment plans of the disorders referenced by the category. The number of symptoms in conditions that differ with respect to level of complexity (i.e., number of diagnoses) are compared. An attempt is made to understand how Axis I and Axis II of the DSM III system are used by clinicians and also how they operate as devices to codify clinical information under conditions of relative uncertainty.
Replica Exchange with Solute Scaling: A more efficient version of Replica Exchange with Solute Tempering (REST2)

A small change in the Hamiltonian scaling in Replica Exchange with Solute Tempering (REST) is found to improve its sampling efficiency greatly, especially for the sampling of aqueous protein solutions in which there are large-scale solute conformation changes. Like the original REST (REST1), the new version (which we call REST2) also bypasses the poor scaling with system size of the standard Temperature Replica Exchange Method (TREM), reducing the number of replicas (parallel processes) from what must be used in TREM. This reduction is accomplished by deforming the Hamiltonian function for each replica in such a way that the acceptance probability for the exchange of replica configurations does not depend on the number of explicit water molecules in the system. For proof of concept, REST2 is compared with TREM and with REST1 for the folding of the trpcage and β-hairpin in water. The comparisons confirm that REST2 greatly reduces the number of CPUs required by regular replica exchange and greatly increases...
On the mechanism of the hydrogenation reactions occurring under hydroprocessing conditions

Abstract A simple model, based on the structure and electronic properties of the reacting molecules, is proposed to explain the hydrogenation (HN) and hydrogenolysis (HS) reactions pertaining to hydrodesulfurization (HDS) conditions. It is envisaged that the HS reactions occur via multipoint adsorption intermediates with ‘ S ’ as one of the bonding centers, and the HN reactions take place via π-complex intermediates. HS reactions are found to be sterically hindered by alkyi substituents close to the S atom, while the HN reactions are less so and are mainly dependent on the electron donating capacity and the geometry of the reacting molecules. The hydrogenation selectivities of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and S-heterocyclic compounds have been correlated with their π-complexing tendencies with the transition metal ions on the catalyst surface. Stronger acidic functions on the catalyst surface are found to be conducive to stronger π-complex bonds and consequently to higher selectivity for the hydrogenation reactions. An attempt is made to explain some complex HDS results which remained unexplained so far.
Cultural identity, resistance, and “good theory”: Implications for intercultural communication theory from Gypsy culture

A brief critique of intercultural communication theories clarifies ways in which the new paradigm of communication theory contrasts with the traditional paradigm, particularly regarding intercultural communication (ICC) theory. The analysis considers three aspects of ICC theory: the nature of identity, assumptions about the function of ICC, and the conceptualization of culture. It describes the history and culture of Gypsies, and presents a case of a Gypsy ICC encounter to provide new data for testing extant approaches to ICC theory. The Gypsy experience challenges the traditional assumptions of unitary, authentic, and stable identities in ICC encounters. It also calls into question the traditional paradigm view that individuals in ICC encounters aim to reduce uncertainty and achieve mutual accommodation. Gypsy ICC indicates further that theory should embrace the structuration of power relationships in culture and ICC encounters.
Equilibrium asset prices and exchange rates

Abstract In a two-country two-good world, we construct an intertemporal international general equilibrium for two logarithmic representative agents. Financial markets are fully integrated and independently incomplete. The equilibrium expected rate of change of the exchange rate increases with the differential of interest rates and the volatility of the domestic equity markets and decreases with the covariance between domestic and foreign equity markets. The equilibrium volatility of the exchange rate is the sum of the volatilities due to idiosyncratic factors in the financial markets and a term that represents the difference of weights in the common international factor.
QCD and the chiral critical point.

As an extension of QCD, consider a theory with 2+1'' flavors, where the current quark masses are held in a fixed ratio as the overall scale of the quark masses is varied. At nonzero temperature and baryon density it is expected that in the chiral limit the chiral phase transition is of first order. Increasing the quark mass from zero, the chiral transition becomes more weakly first order, and can end in a chiral critical point. We show that the only massless field at the chiral critical point is a [sigma] meson, with the universality class that of the Ising model. Present day lattice simulations indicate that QCD is (relatively) near to the chiral critical point.
Multistage bandpass delta sigma modulators

A new architecture for oversampled delta sigma A/D conversion of high-frequency narrow band signals using cascaded low-order stages to obtain high overall order of noise shaping is described. The architecture involves using resonators in individual stages to suppress quantization noise at the resonant frequency. Many of the problems of previous single stage high-order architectures including poor stability, large component spread and design complexity are overcome by this new approach. Switched capacitor resonator circuit implementations and simulation results for a sixth-order modulator example are included. Estimates of the potential for 16-bit A/D conversion of 2.5 MHz signals exceed the 80 KHz capability of existing monolithic oversampled CMOS A/Ds. >
QUARKS AND NUCLEI

Abstract The fundamental role of the pion in nuclear physics is stressed. In bosonexchange models, not only does the pion furnish the longest-range part of the interaction, but the σ-, ρ- and ω-mesons, which give the intermediate and shortrange parts of the interaction, are connected with two-and three-pion states. In phenomenological treatments of QCD, such as the bag model, the pion carries, as a consequence of chiral invariance, the axial current outside the confinement region. The necessary coupling of the pion results in a pion cloud, which has important consequences for baryon magnetic moments.
High kinetic energy release upon dissociation and ionization of an N 2 + beam by intense few-cycle laser pulses

The kinetic energy release (KER) and angular distribution for dissociation and ionization of $\mathrm{N}_{2}{}^{+}$ in an intense short pulse $(7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs})$ laser at $790\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ was measured by employing a coincidence three-dimensional momentum imaging method that provides kinematically complete information on the dissociation. At an intensity of $6.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ a high-KER peak $(\ensuremath{\sim}6.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})$ unexpectedly appears in the dissociation spectrum in addition to the usual low-KER peak $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})$. Additionally, the KER distribution in ionization, which peaks around $7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, has a tail that surprisingly extends well beyond the Coulomb explosion energy. Both these high-KER contributions result from dissociation pathways involving highly excited states of $\mathrm{N}_{2}{}^{+}$ with steep potential curves as indicated by the dressed state potential energy curves picture.
Gas transport during high-frequency ventilation: Theoretical model and experimental validation

We present a theoretical model of gas transport through the dead space during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) with volumes less than dead space volume. The analysis is based on the axial distribution of transit times of gas moving through the dead space. The model predicts that for tidal volumes (V) much less than dead space (Vd), gas exchange will be proportional to the product of frequency (f) and V2. If gas transport is analyzed in terms of Fick's law, then the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) can be shown to be equal to fV2 times a constant, whose value equals the square of the coefficient of dispersion of axial transit times through the dead space\((\sigma _t /\bar t)^2 \). Experimental results in straight tubes fit the predictions of this model quite well. A\((\sigma _t /\bar t)\) through the entire dead space of about 30% is more than sufficient to account for gas exchange during HFV in physical models or in intact animals. An axial dispersion of this magnitude can be measured directly from a typical Fowler dead space determination in healthy subjects.
Comparison of two spectrophotometric assays for blood urea nitrogen: Influence of apomorphine

Abstract An animal model for apomorphine-induced azotemia is being sought. This investigation requires numerous blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determinations in the presence of apomorphine (APO). Aqueous solutions of APO undergo spontaneous oxidation in air producing a blue-green chromagen. The urease-Berthelot and Fearon spectrophotometric assays for the determination of BUN rely on the production of colored chromagens. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to determine (1) if the presence of APO in plasma samples interferes with the measurement of BUN and (2) what is the method of choice for measuring BUN. The results indicate that (1) APO does not interfere with BUN determinations by either method and (2) the urease-Berthelot procedure has the greater accuracy and is the method of choice for routine determinations of BUN.
A Pharmacological Study of N,N-Diethyl-[5-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-Thiapentyl] Amine Hydrochloride

Preliminary tests indicate that N,N-diethyl-[5 - (2,4 - dichlorophenyl) - 4 - thiapentyl] amine hydrochloride acts chiefly as a spasmolytic and as a local anesthetic. Tests for antihistaminic and analgesic activity were essentially negative.
Transbilayer Peptide Sorting between Raft and Nonraft Bilayers: Comparisons of Detergent Extraction and Confocal Microscopy

Membrane microdomains (“rafts”) that sequester specific proteins and lipids are often characterized by their resistance to detergent extraction. Because rafts are enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol, raft bilayers are thicker and have larger area compressibility moduli than nonraft bilayers. It has been postulated that rafts concentrate proteins with long transmembrane domains (TMDs) because of “hydrophobic matching” between the TMDs and the thick raft bilayers. However, previous detergent extraction experiments with bilayers containing raft and nonraft domains have shown that the peptides P-23 and P-29, designed to have single TMDs matching the hydrocarbon thicknesses of detergent soluble membranes and detergent resistant membranes, respectively, are both localized to detergent soluble membranes. Those results imply that both peptides are preferentially located in nonraft domains. However, because the detergent solubilizes part of the bilayer, it has been unclear whether or not detergent extraction experiments provide an accurate indication of the location of peptides in intact bilayers. Here we use confocal microscopy to examine the distribution of these same peptides in intact bilayers containing both raft and nonraft domains. At 20°C and 37°C, P-23 and P-29 were both primarily localized in fluorescently labeled nonraft domains. These confocal results validate the previous detergent extraction experiments and demonstrate the importance of bilayer cohesive properties, compared to hydrophobic mismatch, in the sorting of these peptides that contain a single TMD.
The effects of perceived pressures on managerial and nonmanagerial scientists and engineers

The two major purposes of the present study were (1) to empirically investigate the effects of excessive pressures perceived by Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers employed in a large multidivisional energy RD and (2) to test the proposition that scientists with managerial responsibilities perceive more pressures and strains than do those with no such duties. Results indicated that the pressured scientists perceived more role strain and a less positive climate, were less satisfied, and received lower performance evaluations from their supervisors than non-pressured ones. No differences were found in the perception of pressures between the managerial and nonmanagerial scientists, although the managers reported a more positive climate and higher satisfaction than did nonmanagers. The implications of these findings with regard to management practice (i.e., dual ladders) and future research on stress among this occupational group were briefly discussed.
Significance arithmetic: Application to a partial differential equation

The methods of significance arithmetic are applied to the numerical solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation. Our approach permits the use of initial values having imprecision considerably greater than that of rounding error; moreover, the intermediate and final quantities are monitored so that at any stage the precision of such quantities is available. An algorithm is found that represents faithfully the solution to a difference equation approximation to Burgers' equation.
Gender-Atypical Mental Illness as Male Gender Threat

The present study examined whether men view gender-atypical (i.e., feminine) psychological disorders as threats to their gender status. Men and women (N = 355) rated their expectations of gender status loss, feelings of distress, and help-seeking intentions in response to 10 different stereotypically masculine and feminine psychological disorders. Men as compared to women expected greater gender status loss for, and reported more distress to, gender-atypical versus gender-typical disorders. Expectations of gender status loss partially mediated the link between participant gender and distress at the thought of gender-atypical disorders. These findings suggest that feminine disorders pose more powerful gender status threats for men than masculine disorders do and that men's expectations of gender status loss for feminine disorders drive their negative reactions to these mental illnesses. The discussion emphasizes the importance of considering the gender-typicality of disorders, and the implications of these findings for clinical interventions.
Influence of elevated temperature on natural killer cell activity, lymphokine-activated killer cell activity and lectin-dependent cytotoxicity of human umbilical cord blood and adult blood cells

Abstract Purpose : To determine whether hyperthermia is to the benefit or detriment of host immune function, the effect of hyperthermia was evaluated on various functions of T-lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood and compared to that of adult blood. Methods and Materials: Nonadherent mononuclear cells from cord blood or adult blood were used as the effector cells. To generate lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, effector cells were kept in culture for 5 days in complete medium containing recombinant human interleukin-2. To activate effector cells to become cytotoxic, cells were kept in culture in complete medium containing Con A. Cytotoxicity was determined in a standard 4-h chromium release assay using K-562 human erythroleukemic cells (in the natural killer cell activity assay) or Daudi cells (in the LAK cell activity or Lectin dependent cytotoxicity assay) as targets. For heat effects, cells in complete medium were heated at the desired temperature in a water bath for 1 h. Results: Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity, lectin-dependent cytotoxicity and T-cell proliferative capacity were not deficient in human cord blood. Cytotoxic activities of T-cells from adult blood as well as from cord blood can be enhanced at febrile range (⩽ 40°C), and were significantly decreased by exposure to 1 h at 42°C. Conclusion: The febrile responses (⩽ 40°C) to infection, in the course of malignant disease and with biological response modifiers treatment, may all be related to host defense mechanisms. Based on these observations, whole body hyperthermia (⩽ 40°C), in combination with the appropriate cytokines, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of neonatal infections and malignancies under certain circumstances. Hyperthermia in febrile range may, therefore, confer an important immunoregulatory advantage to the host. In contrast, tumor killing therapeutic temperature (> 42°C) which inhibits host immunocompetence should probably be used only for local hyperthermia.
EFFECT OF HEAT INACTIVATION OF SERUM ON BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS ANTIBODY DETERMINATION BY ELISA. † 1052

In pertussis vaccine trials antibody responses to B. pertussis antigens are evaluated by ELISA. In many serologic laboratories it is a common practice to heat inactivate serum (56°C for 20-30 min) because of nonspecific inhibitors and toxic components. In 1990 it was reported (Develop Biol. Stand 1991; 73: 175-184) that heat inactivation resulted in higher ELISA antibody values to PT than occurred in the same sera assayed without heat inactivation. Since we are aware of phase II vaccine trials in which sera were heat inactivated prior to ELISA we have carried out studies to determine the significance of heat inactivation on study results. We studied PT ELISA antibodies in sera which were heated at 30° to 50°C (5°C increments) and at 52° to 70°C (2°C increments) for 20 min. Sera coagulated at 68° and 70°C. In the 30° to 50°C range there were no significant differences in antibody values (EU/ml) between the inactivated and uninactivated samples. Between 50° and 56°C the antibody values increased per increment compared with uninactivated sera. At 56°C the values were about 2-fold higher than those in uninactivated sera; at 64°C the values were 3.6 to 9.1 fold higher. The increase in PT antibody values following heat inactivation at 56°C was more pronounced in sera with low values than in those with high values. In sera with uninactivated values of ≤5 EU/ml the inactivated values were 7 to 23 fold higher. Our data indicate that heat inactivated sera are not satisfactory for the determination of PT antibody in pertussis vaccine immunogenicity studies. This study was supported by NIH NIAID contract 01-AI-45249.
Event-driven programming is simple enough for CS1

We have recently designed a CS 1 course that integrates event-driven programming from the very start. Our experience teaching this course runs counter to the prevailing sense that these techniques would add complexity to the content of CS 1. Instead, we found that they were simple to present and that they also simplified the presentation of other material in the course. In this paper, we explain the approach we used to introduce event-driven methods and discuss the factors underlying our success.
Relative accuracy of fine-needle aspiration and frozen section in the diagnosis of lesions of the parotid gland.

Background. Both fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and frozen section (FS), although useful in preoperative and intraoperative management, have their advantages and pitfalls when used in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. The accuracy of each of these modalities has been assessed separately in many studies; a direct comparison of these techniques on a large cohort has not been well studied. Herein, we determine the relative accuracies of both FNA and FS in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Methods. We reviewed a cohort of 220 cases of parotid gland FNA with histologic follow-up; FS was performed in 57 cases (26%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNA and FS were determined with respect to the final histologic diagnosis. For these calculations, benign diagnosis was considered negative, whereas a malignant diagnosis was considered positive. In addition, we re-reviewed the FNA and FS slides in cases that had conflicting FNA and FS results. Results. Of the 220 cases examined, the FNA diagnoses were as follows: benign (n = 142), malignant (n = 52), indeterminate (n = 14), and nondiagnostic (n = 12). Correlating these findings with the histologic findings, nine cases (4%) were false negative, whereas 12 (5%) were false positive. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for FNA when diagnostic were 86%, 92%, and 90%, respectively. In 57 cases with FS, seven (12%) were false negative, whereas none were false positive. The FS was able to change to benign four diagnoses that were malignant by FNA and provide a diagnosis for five nondiagnostic FNAs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for FS were 77%, 100%, and 88%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for FNA and FS combined were 90%, 100%, and 95%, respectively. Conclusions. Both FNA and FS provide a similar accuracy. FS may be useful if FNA is nondiagnostic and may also be useful in confirming or refuting malignancy in some cases. Hence, both techniques are complementary to each other in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: 217–223, 2005
Plasmodium chabaudi: humoral and cell-mediated responses of immunized mice.

Abstract Antigen preparations of Plasmodium chabaudi parasites enriched in merozoites and schizonts, obtained from in vitro culture, and combined with saponin protected C57BL/6J mice from P. chabaudi infection as judged by reduced primary parasitemias and recrudescences. Sera passively transferred from immunized and untreated mice after a challenge infection were more protective in recipients than serum from normal mice. Mice treated with antilymphocyte serum during immunization did not develop as strong an immunity to infection as did controls treated with normal serum. Immunized mice had depressed delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to malarial antigen but increased serum titers of malarial antibody (measured by imniunofluorescence) after challenge with P. chabaudi when compared to immunized mice which remained unchallenged. The protective activity of sera from various groups of mice did not necessarily correlate with the serum antibody titers.
A three-dimensional model of the propagation of alfvén waves through the auroral ionosphere: First results

Abstract The propagation of Alfven waves in the auroral ionosphere is important in the determination of ground signatures of time-varying currents, in the formation of Pc1 compressional waves that can be ducted in the ionospheric waveguide, and in the development of field-aligned currents and parallel electric fields during auroral acceleration processes. This report presents the first results from a three-dimensional model of the linear propagation of these waves. In this model, the ionosphere is treated as a thin slab carrying Pedersen and Hall currents. The jump conditions across this boundary lead to the coupling of shear and compressional MHD modes at the ionosphere and also allow the ground signatures of these waves to be calculated within the context of the model. This model has been used to study this coupling and to illustrate the excitation and propagation of compressional MHD waves within the ionospheric waveguide. A new numerical scheme for the modeling of parallel electric fields is introduced and the excitation of resonance cone structures by narrow impulses is demonstrated.
Effect of reexcision on the success of breast-conserving surgery.

Background: The success of lumpectomy and radiotherapy is dependent on minimizing the residual tumor burden in the breast. Histologic margin status is one measure of the extent of residual tumor. This study was undertaken to determine the success rate of a single conservative lumpectomy in obtaining negative margins and to evaluate the incidence of residual tumor after biopsies with positive or unknown margins. Methods: This is a retrospective study covering a 5-year period (June 1988–June 1993). Results: Three hundred sixteen women had lumpectomies. In 239, lumpectomy was the initial operation after a positive fine-needle aspiration or as a diagnostic procedure. Thirteen cases had positive margins. Reexcision was performed in 90 cases. The indication for reexcision was a positive margin in 42 cases (4 with gross tumor) and unknown margin status in 48. Nineteen of the reexcisions for positive margins and 20 of the reexcisions for unknown margins contained residual tumor. Eighty-six (96%) of the 90 reexcised patients underwent breast preserving surgery. Patient age, menopausal status, histologic tumor type, tumor size, and clinical presentation were not predictive of residual tumor. Conclusions: The need for reexcision does not preclude breast preservation. Because single-stage lumpectomy is successful in achieving negative margins in 95% of patients, diagnostic biopsy without margin evaluation should be abandoned to avoid routine reexcision.
Limits on vanadium oxide Mott metal–insulator transition field-effect transistors

Abstract There have been numerous proposals for use of metal–oxide materials as an alternative to semiconductors in field-effect transistors (FET), as current Si FET technology inevitably encounters intrinsic scaling limitations. We report on device-independent power–delay characteristics of potential VO2-based field induced Mott transistors and compare scaling limits to that of Si. Since the critical electric field for metal–insulator transition (MIT) in VO2 is similar to the breakdown field of Si, and due to the inherent possibility of further scaling along one direction in VO2, both materials exhibit similar lower bounds on switching energy. MIT in VO2 results in free carrier concentration several orders of magnitude larger than that of Si, easily overcoming the carrier transit time limits of conventional semiconductor MOSFETs. VO2 switching speed is constrained by the kinetics of the phase transition and more importantly limited thermal dissipation. Our simple model predicts an intrinsic VO2 material lower bound switching time of the order of 0.5 ps at a power transfer of 0.1 μ W .
Tobacco and alcohol advertisements in popular African‐American and general audiences magazines

This study examines samples of fourteen popular magazines. Comparisons are made between the tobacco and alcohol advertisements in magazines that target African‐American versus general audiences. The content analyses indicate that African‐American magazines carry higher numbers and concentrations of ads promoting health‐risk products. Results also indicate that tobacco and alcohol targeting strategies may well go beyond racial and ethnic differences.
Efficient scheduling of scientific workflows in a high performance computing cluster

The scientific computing community, especially academia is clearly in need of technology to handle and organize the 1-100+ Terabyte datasets coming from computer simulations and scientific instrumentation. In this paper we briefly describe GrayWulf, an exemplar cluster for data intensive applications using SQL Server and HPC Clusters. One of the key software components of GrayWulf is Trident, a scientific workflow workbench that performs automatic scheduling of workflows across the cluster. We examine the challenges of scheduling workflows on GrayWulf, algorithms to improve performance, and present early results from applying Trident to schedule data loading workflows on GrayWulf for an actual e-Science project
Persistent DNA damage inhibits S-phase and G2 progression, and results in apoptosis.

We used genetically related Chinese hamster ovary cell lines proficient or deficient in DNA repair to determine the direct role of UV-induced DNA photoproducts in inhibition of DNA replication and ...