cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) Modulates Akt and STAT3 Activity Via Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) 90 in Human Multiple Myeloma (MM) Cells.

Abstract Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has an essential role to recruit ubiquitinated proteins to transport to aggresomes, which ultimately induces lysosomal protein degradation. We have shown that inhibition of proteasomes with bortezomib and of aggresomes with HDAC6 inhibitor Tubacin demonstrated significant cytotoxicity in MM cell lines and MM patient tumor cells in vitro (Hideshima T et al., PNAS 2005, 102: 8597–8572). In this study, we further examined the biologic significance of HDAC6 inhibition by Tubacin in MM cells. We found that HDAC6 is constitutively associated with heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 in MM cell lines which is enhanced by Tubacin, as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation. Since Akt and STAT3 have been shown to play important role in proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and drug resistance in MM cells; and all are client proteins of Hsp90, we next further examined whether inhibition of HDAC6 could modulate activities of these proteins via Hsp90. Importantly, Tubacin enhanced phosphorylation of Akt, associated with augmentation of Hsp90 acetylation. Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG downregulated Akt phosphorylation associated with enhanced interaction of Hsp90 with Akt, which was partially blocked by Tubacin. On the other hand, 17-AAG did not enhance acetylation of α-tubulin or ubiquitination of proteins, suggesting that Hsp90 does not affect HDAC6 function. Furthermore, we found that STAT3 is also constitutively associated with Hsp90. Importantly, both Tubacin and 17-AAG inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3 in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in MM cells. Taken together, our data indicate that HDAC6 has an important role not only in aggresomal protein degradation, but also in MM cell pathogenesis by modulating Akt and STAT3 signaling cascades via Hsp90 acetylation in MM cells.
The influence of CEO power on explorative and exploitative organizational innovation

Abstract Despite the growing research evidence on the effect of powerful CEOs on organizational outcomes, their role in shaping the firm's innovation agenda has received little scholarly attention. This study examines the effect of CEO power on exploratory and exploitative innovation. Drawing from core arguments of Behavioral Agency Theory, this study proposes that firms led by powerful CEOs are likely to pursue more exploratory and less exploitative innovations. Furthermore, these relationships are significantly strengthened by CEO Outsider Status. Using data from 150 U.S. firms, the results reveal a significant positive relationship between CEO power and explorative innovation. Contrary to predictions, firms led by powerful CEOs engage in more not less exploitative innovation when the CEO is appointed from outside the firm. Overall, the findings provide a more nuanced explanation of the link between CEO power and organizational innovation. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Heterogeneity Within and Across Households in Hurricane Evacuation Response

A survey of Houston-area households reveals responses to Hurricane Ike in 2008 were as diverse as the households themselves. Review of evacuation literature shows this remains a fundamental problem. In our analysis no clear correlations between household attributes and evacuation motivators emerge unless the respondents are organized into subpopulations based on household attributes and the stated concerns of survey respondents. These subpopulations overlap so that most households fall within multiple classifications, evidence that heterogeneity across households is also present within them. To address heterogeneity within households, an information content metric (information entropy) is considered a proxy for issue saliency. Focusing on the most salient responses to survey questions makes it possible to isolate some of the factors important in the decision to evacuate and the characteristics of the households for which those factors are most important. Regression analysis of the most salient issues of the most concerned respondents informs the creation of behavioral rules for an agent-based model populated with the survey data. The relative strengths of the risk-averting behavior rules are tuned through Monte Carlo simulations using the actual evacuation time of each household as the fitness metric.
Nucleotide sequence and DNaseI sensitivity are predictive of 3D chromatin architecture

Recently, Hi-C has been used to probe the 3D chromatin architecture of multiple organisms and cell types. The resulting collections of pairwise contacts across the genome have connected chromatin architecture to many cellular phenomena, including replication timing and gene regulation. However, high resolution (10~kb or finer) contact maps remain scarce due to the expense and time required for collection. A computational method for predicting pairwise contacts without the need to run a Hi-C experiment would be invaluable in understanding the role that 3D chromatin architecture plays in genome biology. We describe Rambutan, a deep convolutional neural network that predicts Hi-C contacts at 1~kb resolution using nucleotide sequence and DNaseI assay signal as inputs. Specifically, Rambutan identifies locus pairs that engage in high confidence contacts according to Fit-Hi-C, a previously described method for assigning statistical confidence estimates to Hi-C contacts. We first demonstrate Rambutan9s performance across chromosomes at 1~kb resolution in the GM12878 cell line. Subsequently, we measure Rambutan9s performance across six cell types. In this setting, the model achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between 0.7662 and 0.8246 and an area under the precision-recall curve between 0.3737 and 0.9008. We further demonstrate that the predicted contacts exhibit expected trends relative to histone modification ChIP-seq data, replication timing measurements, and annotations of functional elements such as promoters and enhancers. Finally, we predict Hi-C contacts for 53 human cell types and show that the predictions cluster by cellular function. \\
L’essai FARADI : efficacité et tolérance du citrate de fentanyl dans les accès douloureux induits lors des examens diagnostiques ou thérapeutiques chez des patients souffrant de cancer

FARADI est un protocole multicentrique national qui evalue l’efficacite et la tolerance de l’utilisation des fentanyls transmuqueux lors de la realisation d’examen diagnostique (imagerie, TEP-scan) ou therapeutique (radiotherapie). Ces examens peuvent induire, lors du placement des patients, des acces douloureux (AD) violents qui empechent souvent la realisation complete du programme. Ces AD peuvent etre geres par les citrates de fentanyl, mais ceux-ci n’ont, pour l’instant, l’autorisation de mise sur le marche (AMM) que pour les patients ayant deja eu un traitement morphinique de fond, suffisant, depuis au moins une semaine. Nous souhaitons par cet essai de phase II, randomise, demontrer que l’indication maitrisee et justifiee, l’evaluation et la surveillance permettent aux patients de realiser leurs examens dans de bonnes conditions de tolerance. Une etude ancillaire inclura les patients qui repondent aux criteres de l’AMMde ces produits.
Applying the Double Factorial Paradigm to Detection and Categorization Tasks: An Example Using Audiovisual Speech Perception

Abstract A thriving topic in the perceptual sciences concerns how sources of sensory information interact to form a unified perception of an object or event. One may readily think of several real-world examples, all of which are at least tangentially relevant to the application explored here in this paper: the ability to recognize the face of a famous person by using holistic or so-called gestalt strategies, localizing an object in the environment when it makes a sound, or recognizing the words of a speaker when looking at their lips. While this paper focuses on using statistical models to explore the implications of the latter issue of “multisensory speech integration”, other instances of complex perception shall be relevant in at least a couple of ways. First, the strategies inspired by Systems Factorial Technology and the Double Factorial Paradigm (DFP) employed in this chapter are amendable to a variety of experimental settings. I particularly have in mind categorization tasks that require one to identify an object in a set with other competing items. This construction applies to spoken word, facial recognition, or even studies requiring the recognition of shapes. Second, and perhaps more apt to future applications across disciplines, this chapter will demonstrate how the DFP uses reaction-time (RT) methodology to open B.F. Skinner's “black box”, so to speak, in order to answer questions related to temporally driven constraints on cognitive operations.
Tenure and Promotion is Accredited Graduate Social Work Programs

Abstract The standards for promotion and tenure in higher education have changed over the years, particularly with regard to the importance of research and scholarship to promotion and tenure decisions. This study was undertaken to determine the current state of promotion and tenure expectations in graduate social work programs and to establish whether or not these programs felt pressure for increased performance in research and scholarship. Peer review committees and the peer review process also were examined. The major findings show that research/scholarly productivity has become the central criterion for making promotion and tenure decisions and that tenure is clearly tied to rank at the associate professor level.
Virtual Environment for Design and Analysis (VEDA): Interactive and Immersive Energy Data Visualizations for Architectural Design

Visualizing energy-based data according to multiple perspectives and performance criteria is critical to understanding its spatiotemporal character, impacts on comfort, and meaning in the design de...
Cryofocus fast gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry for rapid detection of synthetic steroid use in sport doping

Sports doping requires high precision carbon isotope ratio (CIR) analysis of endogenous steroids using gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCC-IRMS), however methods are relatively slow and cumbersome. A cryofocusing fast GCC-IRMS (Cryofocus Fast GCC-IRMS) was developed and optimized with minimal peak broadening using a programmable temperature vaporization (PTV) inlet and a low dead volume narrow-bore continuous capillary combustion interface to an IRMS. PTV injection, followed with cryofocusing before steroid analytes were volatilized by a hot jet, was used to initiate chromatography. Compared to ramping temperature using a conventional GC oven, cryofocusing with hot jet volatilization reduced analysis time by a factor of 3 to 4 and reduced peak widths to ∼800 ms. Well separated peak isotope ratios were measured with SD(δ13C) < 0.5‰ over a range of 10-50 ng of each steroid on column and were accurate from 2 ng to 100 ng. Characterization of the current experimental system with well characterized pure steroid isotopic standards demonstrates how the technique can be applied to steroid mixtures derived from real urine samples. Cryofocus Fast GCC-IRMS advances toward the goal of routine CIR testing of steroids in all urine samples for doping control.
Single-probe RNA FISH in Yeast

Quantitative profiling of mRNA expression is an important part of understanding the state of a cell. The technique of RNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) involves targeting an RNA transcript with a set of 40 complementary fluorescently labeled DNA oligonucleotide probes. However, there are many circumstances such as transcripts shorter than 200 nt, splicing variations, or alternate initiation sites that create transcripts that would be indistinguishable to a set of multiple probes. To this end we adapted the standard FISH protocol to allow the use of a single probe with a single fluorophore to quantify the amount of transcripts inside budding yeast cells. In addition to allowing the quantification of short transcripts or short features of transcripts, this technique reduces the cost of performing FISH.
Preparing Hydra for Freeze-Fracture and Freeze-Etching

The freeze-fracture technique is particularly advantageous for the study of cell surfaces and intercellular junctions. In general, it involves the rapid freezing of tissues, either with or without partial sublimation of ice (etching). By evaporating a film of pure carbon on the exposed surface, a replica of the cell surface is obtained which reveals its intimate contours. Contrast is obtained by shadowing the exposed surface with evaporated platinum prior to forming the replica. The tissue is removed from the replica by digestion in caustic solutions prior to recovery of the replicas for viewing at the electron microscope (Koehler, 1972). When a fracture occurs along the plane of a biological membrane it tends to split the lipid core and reveal unique surfaces for subsequent replication (Branton, 1966). Junctional regions can be identified by the arrangement of intramembranous particles, which appear to consist predominantly of protein. The distribution of surface components can be localized by combining the freeze-etching procedure with surface probes conjugated with large molecular weight compounds such as ferrittn.
New Insights into the Regulation of Nf-кB

Long considered to be a pivotal transcription factor regulating both the immune and inflammatory responses, NF-кB is now known to regulate such diverse processes as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic cell death. NF-кB belongs to a family of transcription factors, all sharing an N-terminal Rel homology domain. NF-кB is tightly regulated within the cell at multiple levels, both during its activation and mobilization from the cytoplasm and before or during its transcriptional activation in the nucleus. Considering the wide variety of signals activating this transcription factor and the relative transcriptional strength of the RelA subunit, it is not surprising that NF-кB is regulated at multiple levels. The classical pathway leading to NF-кB activation proceeds via a kinase cascade, culminating in phosphorylation and degradation of IкBα, one member of a family of inhibitors controlling NF-кB action (Senftleben & Karin, 2002). NF-кB activation can be viewed as two discrete phases. The first comprises the proximal events leading to degradation of IкBα and rapid translocation of the liberated NF-кB complex into the nucleus. The second phase involves posttranslational modification of the NF-кB subunits themselves by both phosphorylation and acetylation, which are required for full activity of the induced nuclear NF-кB complex. While acetylation appears to occur in the nucleus, certain phosphorylation events in the second phase are likely executed in the cytoplasm before nuclear entry of NF-кB.
The Surrogate Worth Trade-Off (SWT) Method and its Extensions

This paper briefly summarizes selected published results on the Surrogate Worth Tradeoff (SWT) Method--a method for solving multiple objective optimization problems—and its extensions. The development of the SWT method is briefly discussed. Theoretical basis for the Kuhn-Tucker multipliers and trade-off functions associated with Pareto optimal solutions is presented. The SWT method is then extended to handling multiple decision-makers. The Multiobjective Statistical Method (MSM), and the analysis of risk and sensitivity in a multiobjective optimization framework using the SWT method are discussed also. A case study in water resources planning with several noncommensurable objective functions is summarized. Finally, special attributes of the SWT method are presented. Because of the very limited scope of this paper, no attempt has been made to relate the SWT method to other multiobjective optimization methods.
Use of Prescription Medications That Potentially Interfere With Blood Pressure Control in New-Onset Hypertension and Treatment-Resistant Hypertension.

Background Withdrawing medications that interfere with blood pressure (BP) is recommended in patients with uncontrolled BP, yet real-world use of such agents is not well characterized among individuals with hypertension. We aimed to evaluate the use of BP-interfering prescription medications among US patients with hypertension. Methods This retrospective drug utilization study used medical and prescription claims (January 2008 to December 2014) in the MarketScan commercial claims database. We included adults, aged 18-65 years, with a hypertension diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 401) and ≥1 antihypertensive medication fill. Two hypertension cohorts were examined-new antihypertensive drug users (incident hypertension) and patients requiring titration to a fourth antihypertensive (incident treatment-resistant hypertension [TRH]). Patient-level exposure to BP-interfering medications was assessed 6 months before and after the index date, defined as the first prescription fill of an antihypertensive drug or the first occurrence of overlapping use of ≥4 antihypertensive drugs. Results We identified 521,028 patients with incident hypertension and 131,764 patients with incident TRH. The most prevalent BP-interfering prescription medications were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophens, and hormones. Overall, 18.3% of the incident hypertension cohort and 17.6% of the incident TRH cohort initiated a BP-interfering medication following antihypertensive titration. Among patients previously taking a BP-interfering medication, 57.6% with incident hypertension and 64.9% with incident TRH refilled that medication after antihypertensive intensification. Conclusions The use of prescription BP-interfering medications, especially NSAIDs, is prevalent among patients requiring intensification of their antihypertensive regimen. Greater efforts to limit the use of these medications, where feasible, may be required among patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
Petitions and Local Politics in the Late Mughal Empire: The view from Kol, 1741

This article uses a 1741 testimonial document from Kol (present-day Aligarh) to explore the workings of petitions in the local politics of the late Mughal empire. I suggest that even solitary documents such as this can be read as artefacts of the continuing processes of local politics which operated in excess of the administrative logic of the Mughal state. After surveying the place of petitions in the Mughal apparatus of justice from an administrative perspective, I examine the story of a vanished artisan named Hira to demonstrate that even scattered documents from the Mughal archive can reveal traces of the larger political processes of which a petition might be a single example. In this light, I demonstrate how the testimonial at hand can illuminate the everyday workings of the social and political order of the locality, and its relationship with larger structures of ideology and state power in an era of political decentralization.
Accelerated Summer Weight Gain in a Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Sample of Elementary School Children in Massachusetts.

Abstract Background: Several studies have found that children in the United States gain weight at a faster rate in the summer than in the school year, but little is known about the prevalence of th...
Cervical Spinal Osteomyelitis with Epidural Abscess following an Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection in an Immunocompetent Host

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is uncommon with an incidence reported as 0.33–1.96 abscesses per 10,000 hospital admissions per year. Two-thirds of the cases were caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a less common cause of SEA, and it is usually after urinary tract infection in patient with preexisting risk factor. A 69-year-old male with a past medical history significant for prostatitis was admitted with fever, altered mental status, neck pain, progressive lower extremities weakness, and frequent falls for 7 days. Both blood and urine cultures grew E. coli. Lumbar puncture showed 94 RBCs, 24 WBCs (16% neutrophils and 46% lymphocytes), and elevated protein level at 1140 mg/dl with no bacteria. C-spine MRI showed epidural abscess along the anterior and right lateral margin of the cord causing cord compression from C5 through C7, anterior perivertebral abscess from C4 through T2, marrow edema involving C6 and C7 vertebral bodies with increased signal in the intervertebral disc space at C6-C7, and consistent with osteomyelitis and discitis. Anterior cervical decompression with evacuation of anterior epidural abscess with fusion was done. The culture from the epidural abscess grew E coli. A diagnosis of SEA should be considered in patients presenting with progressive weakness and neurological deficits following UTI and is to be confirmed by MRI. E. coli could be the culprit for epidural abscess and spine osteomyelitis even in immunocompetent patients.
Perovskite PV-Powered RFID: Enabling Low-Cost Self-Powered IoT Sensors

Photovoltaic (PV) cells have the potential to serve as on-board power sources for low-power IoT devices. Here, we explore the use of perovskite solar cells to power Radio Frequency (RF) backscatter-based IoT devices with few $\mu \text{W}$ power demand. Perovskites are suitable for low-cost, high-performance, low-temperature processing, and flexible light energy harvesting that hold the possibility to significantly extend the range and lifetime of current backscatter techniques such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). For these reasons, perovskite solar cells are prominent candidates for future low-power wireless applications. We report on realizing a functional perovskite-powered wireless temperature sensor with 4 m communication range. We use a 10.1% efficient perovskite PV module generating an output voltage of 4.3 V with an active area of 1.06 cm2 under 1 sun illumination, with AM 1.5G spectrum, to power a commercial off-the-shelf RFID IC, requiring 10 – 45 $\mu \text{W}$ of power. Having an on-board energy harvester provides extra-energy to boost the range of the sensor (5 $ \times $ ) in addition to providing energy to carry out high-volume sensor measurements (hundreds of measurements per min). Our evaluation of the prototype suggests that perovskite photovoltaic cells are able to meet the energy needs to enable fully power-autonomous low-power RF backscatter applications of the future. We conclude with an outlook into a range of applications that we envision to leverage the synergies offered by combining perovskite photovoltaics and RFID.
Modeling the effects of vegetation on stream temperature dynamics in a large, mixed land cover watershed in the Great Lakes region

Abstract Stream temperature controls biological processes and affects the species composition of aquatic communities. Riparian vegetation plays an important role in influencing stream temperatures due to vegetation shading and by changing the riparian microclimate (wind speed, relative humidity, etc). This paper explores the effects of spatial heterogeneity in riparian vegetation on stream temperature using a process-based hydrologic model in a 5200 km2 mixed land-use watershed (Kalamazoo River, Michigan, USA). By explicitly incorporating interactions of thermal and water fluxes at the air-land surface and surface-subsurface interfaces, the model enables comprehensive representation of stream thermal dynamics. The riparian land-use effects on stream temperature are represented by coupling with a vegetation phenology module. The riparian land-use information is rescaled using different nested resolutions within a model grid cell to represent the land-use effects on stream temperature to show that a resolution of 90 m × 90 m best represents the land-use effects while simulating stream temperatures using 1 km × 1 km model grid cells. The simulation covers a 7-year period from 2003 to 2009, during which period the results are compared with multiple observations. Stream thermal budgets and responses of stream temperature to vegetation change scenarios including potential deforestation effects are reported.
Equitable Healthcare Provision: Uncovering the Impact of the Mobility Effect on Human Development

Even though the effects of mobile phone and internet usage on the health and wellbeing of a population are becoming apparent, few studies have uncovered the nature of this relationship to the equit...
Dynamic Forecasts of Survival for Patients Living With Destination Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Insights From INTERMACS

Background Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) improve outcomes in patients with end‐stage heart failure and are increasingly implanted for destination therapy. We describe dynamic estimates of...
Human Enhancements: New Eyes and Ears for Mars

What are the realistic, feasible, and ethical body “modifications” that could be made to astronauts in order to aid their performance and survival on other planets? Here we consider some possible human enhancements that might help early Martian settlers, considering aspects that are within the realm of near-term feasibility, especially if planetary colonization is in play and the first settlers must perform extraordinarily demanding work in an extraordinarily demanding environment.
Structured Teaching and the Play of Preschoolers With Developmental Disabilities: An Evaluation:

Play represents an important component of early childhood education and is linked to the development of communication and social skills, particularly for children with developmental disabilities wh...
Effect of reactant gas flow orientation on the current and temperature distribution in self-heating polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Abstract Fuel cell polarisation performance is typically reported under controlled/constant temperature conditions, as a sign of robust metrology. However, in practice, fuel cells self-heat as they generate current; which varies the temperature across the polarisation curve and affects performance. More detail regarding the internal cell operation can be gleaned by current and temperature distribution mapping. For the case of an unheated cell, ‘self-heating’ increases the cell temperature and improves performance, resulting in a ‘voltage recovery’ and a more homogeneous current and water distribution. For actively heated cells, a reduced current is observed in regions of high temperature and low humidity. The positioning of the gas manifolds also has a decisive impact on performance by affecting the reactant concentration, humidity and water distribution. Counter- and cross-flow orientations in a self-heating cell were studied, with a counter-flow orientation with air flowing with gravity producing the most uniform temperature distribution.
Reasons for revision following stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion and lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

OBJECTIVE Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) are alternative and less invasive techniques to stabilize the spine and indirectly decompress the neural elements compared with open posterior approaches. While reoperation rates have been described for open posterior lumbar surgery, there are sparse data on reoperation rates following these less invasive procedures without direct posterior decompression. This study aimed to evaluate the overall rate, cause, and timing of reoperation procedures following anterior or lateral lumbar interbody fusions without direct posterior decompression. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients indicated for an ALIF or LLIF for lumbar spine at a single academic institution. Patients who underwent concomitant posterior fusion or direct decompression surgeries were excluded. Rates, causes, and timing of reoperations were analyzed. Patients who underwent a revision decompression were matched with patients who did not require a reoperation, and preoperative imaging characteristics were analyzed to assess for risk factors for the reoperation. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 529 patients with an average follow-up of 2.37 years; 40.3% (213/529) and 67.3% (356/529) of patients had a minimum of 2 years and 1 year of follow-up, respectively. The total revision rate was 5.7% (30/529), with same-level revision in 3.8% (20/529) and adjacent-level revision in 1.9% (10/529) of patients. Same-level revision patients had significantly shorter time to revision (7.14 months) than adjacent-level revision patients (31.91 months) (p < 0.0001). Fifty percent of same-level revisions were for a posterior decompression. After further analysis of decompression revisions, an increased preoperative canal area was significantly associated with a lower risk of further decompression revision compared to the control group (p = 0.015; OR 0.977, 95% CI 0.959-0.995). CONCLUSIONS There was a low reoperation rate after anterior or lateral lumbar interbody fusions without direct posterior decompression. The majority of same-level reoperations were due to a need for further decompression. Smaller preoperative canal diameters were associated with the need for revision decompression.
A Comparison of Forklift Operator Whole-Body Vibration Exposures When Operating Forklifts with and Without a Mast Damping System

Forklift operators are frequently exposed to a high level of whole-body vibration (WBV), a leading risk factor for low back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a mast damping system of forklift was effective in reducing forklift operators’ WBV exposures compared to forklifts without mast damping systems. The results showed that the forklifts with the mast damping system significantly reduced the 8-h normalized weighted average vibration [A(8)] at the floor and seat level. While the mast damping system significantly reduced vibration dose value [VDV(8)] at the forklift floor, it had a limited effect on the seat-measured VDV(8) exposures. The study findings indicate that a mast damping system may have potential to reduce forklift operators’ WBV exposures. However, given the differences in the seat-measured A(8) and VDV(8) exposures between forklifts, more rigorous evaluations of the forklift and seat suspensions may be merited.
Opposition to clinics tests attorney-client privilege; Students working on pro bono cases leave schools vulnerable to confidentiality challenges

This National Law Journal article draws attention to past attempts by government and private parties to pierce the protections of the attorney client relationship, specifically confidentiality, when it comes to the representation of clients by law school clinics. Several law school clinics and innocence projects have defended themselves against actions by prosecuting attorney offices and opposing parties who have attempted to obtain information that is traditionally protected by state and federal confidentiality rules. Law school clinics, public interest organizations, innocence projects, government agencies and Public Defender organizations can better protect themselves from future attempts by opposing parties to invade the attorney client privilege and seek confidential client information from student sources. The article outlines a recommended strategy for legal organizations that utilize students as both practitioners and assistants, advising how best to prepare in the present against future requests for privileged information.
Systolic computation of interpolating polynomials

Several time-optimal and spacetime-optimal systolic arrays are presented for computing a process dependence graph corresponding to the Aitken algorithm. It is shown that these arrays also can be used to compute the generalized divided differences, i.e., the coefficients of the Hermite interpolating polynomial. Multivariate generalized divided differences are shown to be efficiently computed on a 2-dimensional systolic array. The techniques also are applied to the Neville algorithm, producing similar results.
Side information for iterative demodulation and decoding of frequency-hopped PSK in partial-band jamming

Accurate side information, such as carrier phase or signal and noise levels, is necessary to attain optimal performance in iteratively decoded systems. It becomes even more crucial in the presence of partial-band jamming. This paper concentrates on two aspects of side information for iterative demodulation and decoding of the frequency-hop communications with partial-band jamming: the detection of the jamming signals in a dwell interval and the appropriate scaling of channel values for input to the decoder with and without jamming. The system model includes convolutional coding, interleaving and differentially encoded phase shift keying. A trellis-based iterative receiver is used to deal with the random, unknown phase offset experienced in each hop. The outputs of the demodulator are also used to detect the presence of jamming in each dwell. The detection scheme is shown to perform well with noticeable improvement in the probability of false alarm and probability of detection throughout iterations. Furthermore, for hops of sufficient length, performance approaches obtained perfect side information.
Energy Dissipation of Electromagnetic Absorber in Terahertz Gap

Absorbers not only enhance efficiency of current sustainable energy technologies but also can be an additional sustainable energy source. In this paper, the features of several energy absorbers are compared, including absorptance spectrum, Q-factor, power loss density distribution and radiation pattern. With sufficient knowledge of energy absorbers, we can continue to the development of unique sustainable energy source. According to this work, a spiral design has wide absorption bandwidth and unique energy dissipation pattern. Traditional energy absorber can hardly realize both functions. More optimization and structural design can be expected based on the work of this paper.
Industry Partnerships in Manufacturing System Automation for Project-Centered Engineering Education

Joint industry-academia projects with regional industry have influenced creation of Florida's First Coast Manufacturing Innovation Partnership. The development of the collaboration has the primary goals of project-centered innovations for technology transfer, training the regional workforce with relevance to industry, and sustainability of technology transfer through creation of high-technology jobs. By providing an experiential education in manufacturing systems automation and design in the undergraduate engineering curriculum, engineering students are better prepared upon entering the workforce. Initial projects leading to the development of the manufacturing innovation partnerships are outlined, followed by the description of the structure to further expand the scope of experiential project-centered engineering education in design and manufacturing systems engineering
Outcomes of Double Inlet Left Ventricle and Similar Morphologies: A Single Center Comparison of Initial Pulmonary Artery Banding Versus a Norwood-Type Reconstruction

Objective: Patients with double inlet left ventricle (DILV)/transposition and similar morphologies have their systemic outflow traverse a bulboventricular foramen (BVF), which has a propensity to narrow over time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of initial pulmonary artery banding (PAB) compared with the Norwood-type reconstruction in neonates. Methods: A retrospective study of children with DILV and similar morphologies presenting between 1982 and 2012. The outcomes of initial PAB (n = 17) arecomparedwithaNorwood-typereconstruction(n = 20).Thetwogroupsweresimilarwithrespecttoage, gender, weight, noncardiac syndromes, and Fontan completion. Mean follow-up was longer in PAB patients (13.3 W 9.8years)versusNorwood(4.5 W 3.0years,p = 0.001).Results:Survivalwas75%ateightyearsinthe Norwood group versus 71% in the PAB group (p = 0.76). Mortality in the Norwood group was higher before 2002 (p = 0.06). The age of patients who underwent a bidirectional Glenn shunt was significantly higher for PAB group (PAB, 9.1 W 1.4 months vs. Norwood, 6.1 W 1.6 months; p < 0.001). Freedom from any type of reintervention (systemic outflow obstruction or coarctation) was similar (Norwood, 83% vs. PAB, 71%; p = 0.62). Freedom from heart block with a pacemaker insertion was significantly better for Norwood patients (Norwood, 89% vs. PAB, 41%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The Norwood-type reconstruction provides good palliation in this subgroup of patients and avoids the need for subsequent intracardiac operations, maintaining an unobstructed systemic outflow tract and avoiding the risk of heart block. Survival does not differ depending on the type of procedure. Patients with PAB show comparable satisfactory early and long- term results, with an increasing reoperation risk and heart block remaining a major concern. doi: 10.1111/ jocs.12171 (J Card Surg 2013;28:569-575)
Two General Extension Theorems

Suppose {Mn} is a sequence of pairwise disjoint, nowhere dense closed subsets of [0, 1] and {Fn} is a sequence of continuous functions. We show that there exists a continuous function F which has the same derivate structure as Fn at each point of Mn. In addition, F can be made BV if ∑n=1∞ V(Fn, Mn), the sum of the variation of Fn|Mn, is finite. A well-known and very useful theorem of Laczkovich and Petruska as well as many classical examples follow readily from our results.
Discovery, synthesis and SAR analysis of novel selective small molecule S1P4-R agonists based on a (2Z,5Z)-5-((pyrrol-3-yl)methylene)-3-alkyl-2-(alkylimino)thiazolidin-4-one chemotype.

Abstract High affinity and selective S1P4 receptor (S1P4-R) small molecule agonists may be important proof-of-principle tools used to clarify the receptor biological function and effects to assess the therapeutic potential of the S1P4-R in diverse disease areas including treatment of viral infections and thrombocytopenia. A high-throughput screening campaign of the Molecular Libraries-Small Molecule Repository was carried out by our laboratories and identified (2Z,5Z)-5-((1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methylene)-3-methyl-2-(methylimino) thiazolidin-4-one as a promising S1P4-R agonist hit distinct from literature S1P4-R modulators. Rational chemical modifications of the hit allowed the identification of a promising lead molecule with low nanomolar S1P4-R agonist activity and exquisite selectivity over the other S1P1–3,5-Rs family members. The lead molecule herein disclosed constitutes a valuable pharmacological tool to explore the effects of the S1P4-R signaling cascade and elucidate the molecular basis of the receptor function.
Molecular genetic evidence for a differentiation-proliferation coupling during DMSO-induced myeloid maturation of HL-60 cells: role of the transcription elongation block in the c-myc gene.

Proliferation-differentiation coupling was studied during dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced myeloid maturation of HL-60 cells using transcription of the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and c-myc genes as indicators of differentiation and proliferation, respectively. Concomitant cell cycle kinetic analysis correlated the proliferation and transcription patterns. Transcription, cell cycle phases and rate of DNA synthesis were examined for up to 5 days of induction and, at 1-day intervals, analyzed during a 24-h reculture without the inducer. DMSO suppressed transcription of the c-myc and MPO genes with a t12 of 16 min and 7 h, respectively. The ability to recover transcription following reculture diminished with the progression of the induction and ultimately was lost; concomitantly, the cells irreversibly lost the capacity to divide. This indicated that the differentiation and proliferation processes are inseparable and that terminal differentiation accompanies irreversible proliferation arrest in HL-60 cells. We also studied the kinetics of the block to transcription elongation at the exon 1-intron 1 boundary of the c-myc gene. This block produces a 0.38 kb truncated transcript that is constitutively expressed in somatic cells (Re , Oncogene 5, 1247, 1990). During induction the level of the 0.38 kb RNA increased, while that of the complete c-myc mRNA decreased, indicating that this truncated RNA is generated instead of message through a monotonously initiated transcriptional process. Transcription initiation and synthesis of the 0.3 kb RNA persisted in terminally differentiated cells, suggesting a role for this RNA in non-proliferating cells.
Meiotic chromosome and pollen morphological studies of polyploid Cucumis species

Meiotic chromosome studies of polyploid Cucumis species revealed the presence of bivalent chromosome configurations in the tetraploid C. aculeatus and C. zeyheri and hexaploid C. figarei, while a maximum of ten quadrivalents were observed in pollen mother cells of a tetraploid species, C. heptadactylus. Allotetraploidy was not accompanied by an increase in the number of pores per pollen grain, but the autotetraploid and hexaploid species showed a relatively high percentage of 4-porate pollen. The pollen fertility of the tetraploid species was normal.
Single-shot diffusion imaging at 2.0 tesla

Abstract A single-shot echo-planar diffusion imaging sequence (IVIM-EPI: intra-voxel incoherent motion echo-planar imaging) is presented, which is immune from the motion artifacts which may seriously impair images obtained using other diffusion imaging sequences. For a static water phantom, the measured value of diffusion constant (D = 2.30 × 10−9 m2 s−1 at T = 298 K) shows excellent agreement with that obtained using a multipulse spin-echo technique and with literature values. Single-shot diffusion imaging can now be used reliably to make dynamic time-course studies with excellent time resolution.
The landscape of information science: the American society for Information Science at 62

Founded in 1937 as the American Documentation Institute, the American Society for Information Science is 62 years old. Information Science includes two fundamentally different traditions: a “document” tradition concerned with signifying objects and their use; and a “computational” tradition of applying algorithmic, logical, mathematical, and mechanical techniques to information management. Both traditions have been deeply influenced by technological modernism: Technology, standards, systems, and efficiency enable progress. Both traditions are needed. Information Science is rooted in part in humanities and qualitative social sciences. The landscape of Information Science is complex. An ecumenical view is needed.
New neutral carrier-based H+ selective membrane electrodes

H+-selective membrane electrodes based on two neutral ion carriers of the class of phenoxazine derivatives which contain different lipophilic imino chains (9-(diethylamino)-5-octadecanoylimino-5H- benzo[a]phenoxazine and 9-(dimethylamino)-5-[4-(16-butyl-2,14-dioxo-3,15-dioxaeicosyl)phenylimino]- 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazine respectively) are described. Both ionophores, previously used as chromo-ionophores in optode construction, with added potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as cation exchanger sites were embedded into a high molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride) matrix containing o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as plasticizer. Both polymeric pH electrodes exhibited near -Nernstian responses over the ranges depending on the pK of the ionophore within the membrane used as electroactive material. The selectivities and other main characteristics of the electrodes are presented.
Statistical Analysis of the Surface Circulation in the California Current System Using Satellite-Tracked Drifters

Abstract A kinematic description of the surface circulation in the southern California current System is presented using the statistics of the 7–11 month long trajectories of 29 satellite-tracked mixed layer drifters. The drifters were released north of 30°N and traveled southward at an average speed of 3–4 cm s−1 along Baja California through an inhomogeneous field of mesoscale eddies of 15 cm s−1 rms variability. Lagrangian and Eulerian statistics of the variations about this mean southward drift are computed. The drifter ensemble mean Lagrangian decorrelation time scale is 4–5 days and the Lagrangian decorrelation space scale is 40–50 km. The computation of dispersion of single particles about the mean drift shows that the theory of diffusion by homogeneous random motion (Taylor's theory) describes these dispersive motions well. Ensemble mean diffusivities of about 4 × 107 cm2 s−1 are found. On a 200 × 200 km2 spatial average, single-partial diffusivities are found to be proportional to the kinetic ene...
Glycyrrhiza glabra extract as an effector of interception in Escherichia coli K12

Abstract Glycyrrhiza glabra polar lipid extract contains a number of flavonoids and related chemical compounds. Studies on the effectiveness of Glycyrrhiza glabra polar lipid extract in intercepting reactive molecules generated from the illumination of the photosensitizers rose bengal and phenosafranin indicate that it is effective in preventing cytotoxicity against E. coli K12 + in a dose-related fashion using illuminated rose bengal. Since only a modest scavenging of singlet oxygen generated from phenosafranin is observed, the effects of the extracts are less related to singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation of substrate (type II reactions) than non-singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation of substrate (type I reactions). Elevated levels of glutathione observed in exponentially growing cells of E. coli K12 were also observed.
Hypogonadism in a Male with Immunologically Active, Biologically Inactive Luteinizing Hormone: An Exception to a Venerable Rule

Abstract A male patient, the product of a consanguineous mating, had normal primary sex characteristics but failed to enter puberty spontaneously. The plasma total testosterone level was low (30-81 ng/100 ml), the plasma immunoreactive LH level was elevated, and the bioassayable urine gonadotropin excretion rate was increased in the rat ovarian weight assay and the mouse uterine weight assay. Although these findings suggested a primary gonadal defect, he responded normally to a physiological dose of human LH, with a rise of the plasma total testosterone level to 430 ng/100 ml. Thus, the patient's Leydig cells responded to exogenous human LH but not to endogenous LH. The Leydig cells also responded normally to graded single doses of exogenous human LH and hCG, providing evidence against either a subtle abnormality in testicular responsiveness or a circulating LH antagonist. In fact, the patient developed secondary sex characteristics in response to chronic treatment with hCG, confirming the normal testicul...
Hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by osteoblasts and cooperatively permits the survival of haematopoietic progenitors

Human osteoblasts (HOBs) support the growth of human haematopoietic progenitor cells, and support the survival and limited expansion of long-term culture-initiating cells. Using human CD34+ cells and the murine myelomonocytic cell line NFS-60 as targets, we previously found that one component of HOB-derived haematopoietic activity is cell-associated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). However, antibody failed to neutralize all the activity, suggesting that more than one factor supports haematopoietic cells. In the present investigations, we asked whether the HOB-derived, non-G-CSF secreted activity was as a result of other known growth factors. We found that, among the cytokines expressed by HOBs, only hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and G-CSF stimulated NFS-60 cell proliferation. HOB cells and osteosarcoma cells secreted biologically active HGF, although the levels varied considerably. Moreover, addition of neutralizing HGF antibody to CD34+ cell/HOB co-cultures resulted in a significant reduction (≈50%) in the ability of the HOBs to support haematopoietic progenitor cells. These results suggest that a major component of osteoblast-derived haematopoietic activity is HGF. Secretion of HGF, in concert with cell-associated cytokines such as G-CSF, may account for the stem cell-stimulating activities of osteogenic cells and, thereby, the unique stem cell-supporting role of the osteoblasts within the bone marrow microenvironment.