cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hash-based carving

Hash-based carving is a technique for detecting the presence of specific "target files" on digital media by evaluating the hashes of individual data blocks, rather than the hashes of entire files. Unlike whole-file hashing, hash-based carving can identify files that are fragmented, files that are incomplete, or files that have been partially modified. Previous efforts at hash-based carving have looked for evidence of a single file or a few files. We attempt hash-based carving with a target file database of roughly a million files and discover an unexpectedly high false identification rate resulting from common data structures in Microsoft Office documents and multimedia files. We call such blocks "non-probative blocks." We present the HASH-SETS algorithm that can determine the presence of files, and the HASH-RUNS algorithm that can reassemble files using a database of file block hashes. Both algorithms address the problem of non-probative blocks and provide results that can be used by analysts looking for target data on searched media. We demonstrate our technique using the bulk_extractor forensic tool, the hashdb hash database, and an algorithm implementation written in Python.
Movable-Bed Tidal Inlet Model

The effectiveness of movable-bed tidal inlet hydraulic models in predicting prototype behavior is evaluated by comparing the model predictions with the observations made in the prototype. The calibration of the model, as measured by bed topography changes, is evaluated by means of quantitative indicators, including correlation coefficients and root-mean-square error. Evaluation of data from the Galveston Harbor entrance model revealed that the shoaling rates and distribution along the navigation channel predicted by the model are not in good agreement with the prototype data. Disagreement between model and prototype is believed to have been due to scale effects introduced by nonsimilarity of the physical processes, insufficient prototype data for model calibration, oversimplification of the available prototype data for use in the model study, and experimental errors.
Design of L1 adaptive controllers for human patient anesthesia

Abstract In this paper, the development and implementation of L 1 adaptive control designs for anesthesia delivery to patients in surgical settings is presented. Our main objectives are the design of model-based feedback controllers ensuring that the patient׳s bispectral index profile tracks a prespecified reference trajectory, and demonstrates robustness to inter-patient variability. Patient models are constructed based on clinical trial data and gray box system identification methods. Controller switching mechanisms and specific safety measures are considered in the design and discussed in the paper. Simulation results are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of the control methods.
Liver transplantation: Evading antigens-ABO-incompatible liver transplantation.

Whereas the status of the liver as privileged and exempt from humoral rejection has fallen, attempts at breaching the blood group barrier during transplantation have continued. Previously restricted to paediatric patients and emergencies, advances in immunosuppression protocols have improved outcomes to the point that ABO-incompatible liver transplantation might be more widely used in adults.
[Efficacy of tuberculosis contacts investigation and treatment, especially of preventive therapy in infants and young children].

BACKGROUND Although large clinical trials reported in 1960s suggested that preventive therapy in subjects with tuberculosis (TB) infection reduces the risk of developing TB by 70-90%, the therapy in our TB clinic seems to be more effectiveness. OBJECTIVE We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of the present contacts investigation, especially of preventive therapy for further improvement of TB control for children. METHODS We examined 273 asymptomatic infants and children younger than five years who had household contacts with active TB patients and visited our clinic for contact investigation. After the diagnosis at the first visit to our TB clinic, they were treated and/or observed for at least two years to assess whether contact investigations and following treatment are appropriate. Since infants less than a year are underdeveloped in cell-mediated immunity and their tuberculous lymphadenopathy can be overlooked on standard chest radiographs, chest CT scans were added. RESULTS At their first visit, 60 (22%) out of 273 subjects were diagnosed as TB, and 37 (14%) were suspected as TB. We treated them by combinations of anti-TB medicines including isoniazid and rifampin for six to 12 months, and they did not relapse during the observation period. Twenty-six subjects (9%) were diagnosed uninfected. However, a three-year-old girl developed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy two months later when the reexamination was done. A hundred and fifty subjects (55%) were diagnosed to have TB infection. They received preventive therapy with isoniazid (10 mg/kg/day) for six months. Among them, a four-month-old boy developed TB disease soon after starting to take isoniazid and was treated by the combination of anti-TB medicines. Other 149 subjects completed the therapy, and none of them developed disease during the observation period. There was no increase in serum GOT and/or GPT to > 100 IU/L within one month after starting to take isoniazid. CONCLUSION The present contacts investigations and treatments in our TB clinic are useful ways to find out and control TB diseases and infections, and it might be suggested to start the six-months preventive therapy after active TB has been ruled out in all infants and children who had close contacts with active TB patients for preventing TB disease and latent TB infection in the future even their clinical and laboratory examinations do not suggest infection.
HaloTag mediated artificial cellulosome assembly on a rolling circle amplification DNA template for efficient cellulose hydrolysis

We report here the generation of four-component artificial cellulosomes onto a DNA scaffold using the self-labeling HaloTag for DNA conjugation. The resulting structures exhibited significantly improved cellulosome assembly as well as cellulose hydrolysis over compatible structures generated using protein scaffolds. Cellulose hydrolysis was further enhanced by 2-fold using the more complex cellulosome structures assembled onto DNA templates generated by rolling circle amplification (RCA). The flexibility to insert additional hybridization sites in a multiplexing manner using RCA should enable the assembly of a larger array of cellulases to better mimic the enzyme diversity of naturally occurring cellulosomes.
The strategy of repeat stereotactic radiosurgery without whole brain radiation treatment for new brain metastases: Outcomes and implications for follow-up monitoring

Abstract Purpose Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used to treat brain metastases in place of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), with the goal of reducing treatment toxicity balanced against the risk of developing new metastases. We evaluated outcomes of repeated courses of SRS in the management of new brain metastases as an alternative to salvage WBRT. Methods and materials We conducted a single-institution retrospective review of 239 patients treated with SRS without WBRT for brain metastases from 2004 to 2014. Eighty-six patients received at least 2 courses of SRS for new brain metastases. Outcome metrics included survival, development of symptomatic new brain metastases, neurologic symptoms at death or last follow-up, and ultimate WBRT. Results Eighty-six patients (median age, 59 years) underwent a median of 2 courses of SRS (range, 2-6), with a median of 2 lesions treated initially and on retreatment. The median interval between SRS treatments was 5.8 months (range, 1.2-69.1). New brain metastases after initial radiosurgery were detected by routine imaging in 87% of cases. Median overall survival from repeat SRS was 13.0 months (range, 0.3-64.5) and from initial brain metastasis diagnosis 25.0 months (range, 2.0-68.1). On multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.90; P =.029), controlled extracranial disease (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.94; P =.038), and interval between initial and second SRS >6 months (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25-0.96; P =.037) correlated with improved overall survival from brain metastasis diagnosis. A total of 24.7% of patients had symptomatic intracranial metastatic disease at death or last follow-up, and 26.7% ultimately received WBRT. Conclusion Repeated SRS is a reasonable option for patients with new brain metastases, as our results suggest favorable survival outcomes with this approach. New lesions infrequently caused neurologic symptoms before routine imaging detection, and a minority of patients had symptomatic intracranial disease at death or last follow-up.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Whooping Cough in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2007

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of whooping cough in Xinjiang to provide the basis for formulating control and eradication measures of whooping cough.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe whooping cough data of legal infectious diseases system in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2007.Results From 1990 to 2007,a total of 6 051 patients with whooping cough was reported.Annual report incidence rate was 1.89/100 000.Report incidence rates were between 0.96/100 000 to 3.44/100 000.Monitoring data showed that report incidence rates were more than 3/100 000 in the year of 1990,1996,2004 and 2007.Report incidence rates were high in the southern regions and during spring and summer season.Age distribution of cases centered in infants and preschool children.About 80% cases were children under 7 years old.Conclusions DPT combined vaccine routine immunization rates should be improved further,the epidemic monitoring and management of infectious sources should be strengthened.
INVESTIGATION ON COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE OF CLEAN OPERATING DEPARTMENTS IN SOME HOSPITALS OF ANHUI PROVINCE

Objective To know the comprehensive performance of clean operating departments in some hospitals in Anhui Province.Methods Sampling with instruments and sedimentation methods were used to evaluate the cleanliness,microclimate and biological particle index of clean operating departments in 18 provincial,municipal,county-level and army hospitals of Anhui province.Results Among the 62 unoccupied clean operating rooms monitored,after the cleaning system ran for specified time,except the eligible rate of wind velocity was 77.8% and that of air exchange frequency was 44.4% in special clean operating rooms,the eligible rates of various technical indexes in other clean operating rooms at different levels were not less than 88.9%.152 clean auxiliary rooms were also tested,their eligible rates of dust particle number,sedimenting bacterial count,least intensity of illumination and noise were obviously lower than those of clean operating rooms at the same levels.The eligible rates of wind velocity and air exchange frequency were 47.4% in class-Ⅰ rooms,66.7% in class-Ⅱ rooms,63.6% in class-Ⅲ rooms and 64.7% in class-Ⅳ rooms.Conclusion The eligible rates of main clean indexes of clean operating rooms in some hospitals in Anhui Province were comparatively high.The eligible rates of wind velocity and air exchange frequency of special clean operating rooms,paraclean operating rooms and clean auxiliary rooms were low.
Ultrastructural localization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1) and neutral metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) in the proximal tubule of the human kidney

We investigated the location and relative concentration in the human kidney of two enzymes involved in the processing of regulatory peptides, i.e., the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and the neutral metalloendopeptidase 24.11 (NEP). Antibodies raised against these purified human kidney enzymes were used to determine their ultrastructural distribution by the immunogold procedure. Immunocytochemistry was performed on ultrathin frozen sections of fixed human kidney. Both enzymes were localized on the outside of the brush-border plasma membrane and, to a lesser extent, in vesicular organelles in the apical regions of epithelial cells in the proximal tubules. In addition, moderate amounts of NEP and some ACE were detected on the basal infoldings. No NEP or ACE was found in the distal tubules. Gold particles on the brush-border of proximal tubular epithelial cells were quantified with a computer based morphometry system. The results indicated about equal numbers of accessible antigenic sites for NEP and ACE on the brush-border at concentrations of antisera which yielded optimal labeling. The prominent localization of ACE and NEP on the brush-border membranes of proximal tubular epithelium suggests that these enzymes in the proximal tubules are involved in the cleavage of plasma-derived peptides after glomerular filtration.
Experimental evaluation of magnesium cardioplegia.

The effectiveness of magnesium solution in protecting ischemic myocardium was evaluated in a blood-perfused, isolated rabbit papillary muscle preparation. Anoxic cardioplegia was induced by either a control solution containing no magnesium or a test solution containing a magnesium concentration of 160 mEq/L. The magnesium solution induced a very rapid cardiac arrest, less than 1 minute, in contrast to more than 10 minutes with the control solution. Restarting time was not affected by magnesium cardioplegia. Following 30 minutes of anoxic cardioplegia, the magnesium group showed significantly (p
Development of Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometry.

Gas chromatographic mass spectrometry is now widely used for the quantitation and identification of organic compounds in almost any imaginable sample. These applications include the measurement of chlorinated dioxins in soil samples, the identification of illicit drugs in human blood, and the quantitation of accelerants in arson investigations, to name just a few. How did GC/MS get so popular? It turns out that it required parallel developments in mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and computing and that no one person “invented” the technique. This Perspective traces this history from the 1950s until today.
Calorie Restricted High Protein Diets Downregulate Lipogenesis and Lower Intrahepatic Triglyceride Concentrations in Male Rats

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the influence of calorie restriction (CR) alone, higher-protein/lower-carbohydrate intake alone, and combined CR higher-protein/lower-carbohydrate intake on glucose homeostasis, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and intrahepatic triglycerides. Twelve-week old male Sprague Dawley rats consumed ad libitum (AL) or CR (40% restriction), adequate (10%), or high (32%) protein (PRO) milk-based diets for 16 weeks. Metabolic profiles were assessed in serum, and intrahepatic triglyceride concentrations and molecular markers of de novo lipogenesis were determined in liver. Independent of calorie intake, 32% PRO tended to result in lower homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values compared to 10% PRO, while insulin and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) values were lower in CR than AL, regardless of protein intake. Intrahepatic triglyceride concentrations were 27.4 ± 4.5 and 11.7 ± 4.5 µmol·g−1 lower (p < 0.05) in CR and 32% PRO compared to AL and 10% PRO, respectively. Gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA destaurase-1 (SCD1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 (PDK4) were 45% ± 1%, 23% ± 1%, and 57% ± 1% lower (p < 0.05), respectively, in CR than AL, regardless of protein intake. Total protein of FASN and SCD were 50% ± 1% and 26% ± 1% lower (p < 0.05) in 32% PRO compared to 10% PRO, independent of calorie intake. Results from this investigation provide evidence that the metabolic health benefits associated with CR—specifically reduction in intrahepatic triglyceride content—may be enhanced by consuming a higher-protein/lower-carbohydrate diet.
One Finger Pointing Toward the Other, Three Are Back at You

This chapter is intended to guide individuals’ understanding of their role in intercultural conflict and different sources of conflict with the goal of resolving intercultural conflicts in the workplace. More specifically, it situates conflict in the context of culture and examines the implications of global management practices for making sense of and coping with role conflict. It is asserted that culture plays a vital role in the development of role conflict, as well as how people in different cultures cope with various kinds of role conflict and the implications of those coping strategies on management practices. A common understanding of communication processes is presented, followed by a deep dive into the complexities of various kinds of conflicts that might arise as a result of the role(s) one has in an organization. Four key guidelines are presented as ways to minimize intercultural role conflict, including self- and other awareness, reframing a conflict situation as a challenge instead of a threat, capitalizing on the opportunity to learn and grow, and engaging in active communication.
Decay of Ir 196

Iridium-196 (120 min) has been produced by the ($d,\ensuremath{\alpha}$) reaction on ${\mathrm{Pt}}^{198}$. The iridium was chemically separated from the target material. Gamma-ray, beta-ray, gamma-gamma, beta-gamma, and gamma-ray sum coincidence spectra were measured. ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{196}$ decays by a single beta group with an end-point energy of 0.95 MeV. The beta decay is followed by a cascade of six gamma rays of 100, 355, 389, 442, 518, and 646 keV. This decay is compatible with the known level scheme of ${\mathrm{Pt}}^{196}$.
The gas-phase methylation of benzene and toluene

Abstract The reactions of the methyl cation with benzene and toluene in the gas phase have been examined using the flowing afterglow-selected ion flow-drift tube technique. With benzene four product ions are formed, C 6 H 6 + by electron transfer, C 6 H 5 + by addition and loss of CH 4 , C 7 H 7 + by addition and loss of H 2 , and an adduct C 7 H 9 + . Deuterium and carbon-13 labeling experiments were carried out to provide mechanistic insights. In agreement with earlier work, deuterium labeling (CD 3 + with C 6 H 6 or CH 3 + with C 6 D 6 ) shows that partial H/D scrambling between the methyl group and the ring occurs during the formation of C 6 H 5 + and C 7 H 7 + . However, in contrast to earlier work, no carbon-13 scrambling was observed between the methyl and ring carbons, thus ruling out a ring expansion and contraction mechanism to account for the H/D scrambling. Nor did we find H/D scrambling in the electron transfer product ion, C 6 H 6 + . When collision-induced dissociation (CID) was carried out on the adduct ion, extensive H/D and carbon-13 scrambling was found, indicating that at least some ring expansion occurs during its formation. Reaction of C 6 H 5 + with methane at room temperature exclusively forms the adduct ion; in a drift field, this adduct ion fragments by loss of CH 4 and H 2 . Mechanisms are proposed which account for our results, and these are supported by ab initio calculations. Similar studies were carried out with toluene as the neutral reagent. Besides the four analogous product ions, we found hydride transfer from the methyl group of toluene to be a major reaction channel and addition with loss of ethylene to be a minor channel.
CRISPR Epigenome Editing of AKAP150 in DRG Neurons Abolishes Degenerative IVD-Induced Neuronal Activation

Back pain is a major contributor to disability and has significant socioeconomic impacts worldwide. The degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) has been hypothesized to contribute to back pain, but a better understanding of the interactions between the degenerative IVD and nociceptive neurons innervating the disc and treatment strategies that directly target these interactions is needed to improve our understanding and treatment of back pain. We investigated degenerative IVD-induced changes to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron activity and utilized CRISPR epigenome editing as a neuromodulation strategy. By exposing DRG neurons to degenerative IVD-conditioned media under both normal and pathological IVD pH levels, we demonstrate that degenerative IVDs trigger interleukin (IL)-6-induced increases in neuron activity to thermal stimuli, which is directly mediated by AKAP and enhanced by acidic pH. Utilizing this novel information on AKAP-mediated increases in nociceptive neuron activity, we developed lentiviral CRISPR epigenome editing vectors that modulate endogenous expression of AKAP150 by targeted promoter histone methylation. When delivered to DRG neurons, these epigenome-modifying vectors abolished degenerative IVD-induced DRG-elevated neuron activity while preserving non-pathologic neuron activity. This work elucidates the potential for CRISPR epigenome editing as a targeted gene-based pain neuromodulation strategy.
Measures of Specificity Used in the Principle of Justifiable Granularity: A Theoretical Explanation of Empirically Optimal Selections

To process huge amounts of data, one possibility is to combine some data points into granules, and then process the resulting granules. For each group of data points, if we try to include all data points into a granule, the resulting granule often becomes too wide and thus rather useless; on the other case, if the granule is too narrow, it includes only a few of the corresponding point – and is, thus, also rather useless. The need for the trade-off between coverage and specificity is formalized as the principle of justified granularity. The specific form of this principle depends on the selection of a measure of specificity. Empirical analysis has show that exponential and power law measures of specificity are the most adequate. In this paper, we show that natural symmetries explain this empirically observed efficiency.
shapeShift: 2D Spatial Manipulation and Self-Actuation of Tabletop Shape Displays for Tangible and Haptic Interaction

We explore interactions enabled by 2D spatial manipulation and self-actuation of a tabletop shape display. To explore these interactions, we developed shapeShift, a compact, high-resolution (7 mm pitch), mobile tabletop shape display. shapeShift can be mounted on passive rollers allowing for bimanual interaction where the user can freely manipulate the system while it renders spatially relevant content. shapeShift can also be mounted on an omnidirectional-robot to provide both vertical and lateral kinesthetic feedback, display moving objects, or act as an encountered-type haptic device for VR. We present a study on haptic search tasks comparing spatial manipulation of a shape display for egocentric exploration of a map versus exploration using a fixed display and a touch pad. Results show a 30% decrease in navigation path lengths, 24% decrease in task time, 15% decrease in mental demand and 29% decrease in frustration in favor of egocentric navigation.
Outcomes of repeat balloon assisted enteroscopy in small-bowel bleeding.

Background/aims The rate of recurrent small-bowel bleeding (SBB) remains high despite the advent of balloon assisted enteroscopy (BAE). The study aims were to determine: (1) the diagnostic and therapeutic yields, and adverse event rate of repeat BAE in SBB, and (2) the predictors of a positive repeat BAE. Methods A retrospective review of a BAE database was conducted. Patients who had > 1 BAE for SBB were included. Primary outcomes were diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield, and adverse events of repeat BAE. Secondary outcomes were predictors of a positive repeat BAE. Results A total of 175 patients (55 % men; mean age 64.1 ± 16.3 years) were included. The diagnostic and therapeutic yields of repeat BAE were 55 % and 42 %, respectively. Repeat BAE adverse events occurred in 5 % with self-limited abdominal pain being most common. Patients with a positive repeat BAE were significantly older than the negative group (68.6 ± 13.9 vs. 60.9 ± 17.1; P = 0.001) and were more likely to have cardiac comorbidities (OR 2.4, 95 %CI: 1.3 – 4.6; P = 0.01), chronic kidney disease (OR 2.3, 95 %CI: 1.1 – 4.9; P = 0.04), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 3.3, 95 %CI: 1.3 – 8.1; P = 0.01), positive initial BAE (OR 3.6, 95 %CI: 1.9 – 6.8; P Conclusions Performing a repeat BAE for SBB appears safe and provided modest yields. A positive initial BAE and antegrade route were predictive of a positive repeat BAE.
Materialism and Critique: The Schelling and Feuerbach Responses to Hegel

The third aspect of the critical method to be examined is its relationship to both idealism and materialism. The key issue here focuses on the ontological dimensions of Marx’ categories of political economy and the exact reality to which they refer. With this new approach to Marx’ method the simple correlation or correspondence between concepts and reality has broken down and the interrelationship between these two dimensions has become very problematic and very complex. To what do the categories used by Marx in his analysis of British political economy refer? If your answer is the reality of British capitalism, I believe you are correct. However, what is this reality? Is it the immediate material and historical reality? Is it the reality of the appearances (the mirror of nature and society) or is it the reality of the essence and logic of capitalist society? If the latter, then how are these concepts justified, if the positivist method is not longer accepted? This last question will be dealt with in Chapter Five in the section on ‘theory and praxis’. The two ontological dimensions are not always antithetically juxtaposed in Marx’ own method. The distinctions between them are in most cases much more subtle than a crude opposition to each other.
VideoEdge: Processing Camera Streams using Hierarchical Clusters

Organizations deploy a hierarchy of clusters - cameras, private clusters, public clouds - for analyzing live video feeds from their cameras. Video analytics queries have many implementation options which impact their resource demands and accuracy of outputs. Our objective is to select the "query plan" - implementations (and their knobs) - and place it across the hierarchy of clusters, and merge common components across queries to maximize the average query accuracy. This is a challenging task, because we have to consider multi-resource (network and compute) demands and constraints in the hierarchical cluster and search in an exponentially large search space for plans, placements, and merging. We propose VideoEdge, a system that introduces dominant demand to identify the best tradeoff between multiple resources and accuracy, and narrows the search space by identifying a "Pareto band" of promising configurations. VideoEdge also balances the resource benefits and accuracy penalty of merging queries. Deployment results show that VideoEdge improves accuracy by 25:4 and 5:4 compared to fair allocation of resources and a recent solution for video query planning (VideoStorm), respectively, and is within 6% of optimum.
CHANGES IN POSTURAL STEADINESS FOLLOWING TRANS-TIBIAL AMPUTATIONS

INTRODUCTION Increased risk of falling following amputation is well documented in literature.1 As the amputee population ages, accidental falls become a greater problem. Trans- tibial amputations are one of the most common levels of amputation. We hypothesized that postural steadiness is deteriorated following trans-tibial amputation as compared to age matched younger adults. Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32014/24433 How to cite: Henness D, Medema A, Steinhorst K, Moauro R, Reuland M, Whelan R, Kester S, Bateni H. CHANGES IN POSTURAL STEADINESS FOLLOWING TRANS-TIBIAL AMPUTATIONS. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, POSTER PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32014 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee. http://www.aopanet.org/
Transparent Acceleration of Image Processing Kernels on FPGA-Attached Hybrid Memory Cube Computers

The Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) is representative of emerging architectures that integrate FPGAs with multichannel interconnected 3-D stacked memory, offering great potential for high bandwidth streaming applications. However, creating new hardware components that tap the full potential of the concurrent communications channels requires the structural understanding of the memory layout and interconnect configurations. In this paper, we present a new development framework aimed at removing the need for software programmers to understand the underlying physical architecture. The proposed framework automates the creation of hardware/software co-designs for computer vision applications in a transparent way to the developer. The development system dynamically detects function calls in software kernels and replaces those calls by a hardware wrapper function that exploits the HMCs memory hierarchy and multichannel interconnect with the FPGA. Results show our flow can exploit the 3-D stacked memory and concurrent communications channels to achieve speed-up with no need to tune the original software application to the memory hierarchy.
IcySAT: Improved SAT-based Attacks on Cyclic Locked Circuits

“Cyclic” circuit locking/camouflaging is a recently proposed direction in logic obfuscation for thwarting foundry and end-user reverse engineering. As opposed to traditional schemes, these techniques create cycles in the obfuscated circuit in a way that confuses the attacker but does not disrupt the combinational nature of the circuit. While these schemes can thwart the baseline SAT-based attack, the CycSAT attack was proposed recently to break these schemes through a preprocessing step that builds a Boolean condition to avoid cyclic solutions/keys during the attack. However, follow-up work has suggested that extracting these conditions requires enumerating all cycles in the circuit, or that instead of relying on these conditions preemptively, cyclic solutions must be banned individually on the fly. In this paper we present new algorithms for performing SAT-based attacks on cyclic circuits. We first propose an algorithm that can produce non-cyclic conditions in polynomial time with respect to the size of the circuit, avoiding the potentially exponential runtime of explicit key-banning or cycle enumeration. We then take a deeper look at the problem, discussing some of the fundamental limitations of extracting precise non-cyclic conditions and propose a more complex but complete procedure for cyclic deobfuscation. We evaluate our attacks on densely cyclic obfuscated benchmark circuits.
Assessing the effectiveness of a pediatrician-led newborn parenting class on maternal newborn-care knowledge, confidence and anxiety: A nonrandomized controlled trial

Background The postpartum hospital stay is a unique opportunity for clinicians to educate parents on the importance of promoting early child development. Pediatricians are well positioned to address both medical and developmental concerns during critical periods of development, yet very few parenting interventions are led by pediatricians. Aims To assess the impact of a novel one-hour long pediatrician-led Newborn Class on maternal knowledge, confidence, and anxiety. Methods We conducted a nonrandomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the Newborn Class. First-time mothers who delivered a full-term singleton vaginally with no major complications and attended the class were recruited. Mothers who expressed a desire to attend the class but were discharged before a class was offered served as controls. Outcome measures Maternal self-perceived anxiety and confidence were measured using standardized scales (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults and Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale). Knowledge on new-born care was assessed using a novel scale. Results A total of 84 participants (intervention n=36, control n=48) were included in the study. Mothers who attended class showed significantly higher levels of knowledge compared to the control group as well as significantly higher parenting confidence levels. No change was observed in the overall level of anxiety. Conclusions A short pediatrician-led parenting intervention can be an effective tool in improving maternal confidence and newborn care knowledge. Given the importance of the newborn period in establishing healthy developmental trajectories, this cost- and time-effective intervention could be widely implemented to promote early strong mother-infant relationships that foster healthy development.
Economic Theory and the Roman Monetary Economy

Modern economics tantalizes historians, promising them a set of simple verbal and mathematical formulas to explain and even retrospectively predict historical actions and choices. Colin P. Elliott challenges economic historians to rethink the way they use economic theory. Building upon the approaches of Max Weber, R. G. Collingwood, Ludwig von Mises and others, Elliott reconceptualizes economic theories such as the quantity theory of money and Gresham's law as heuristic constructs - constructs which help historians identify and understand the unique modes of thought and embedding contexts which characterized economic action in the Roman Empire. The book offers novel analyses of key events in Roman monetary history, from Augustus' triumph over Mark Antony and Cleopatra, to third-century AD coinage debasements. Roman history has long been a battleground for polarizing methodological debates, but this book's accessible style and conciliatory tone invites historians, economists, sociologists and other scholars to use economic theory for understanding.
Multiple Infrequently Used Types of Marginal Donor Lungs are Not Associated with Inferior Survival among Recipients Aged 65

Purpose Though increasing numbers of patients aged 65+ need life-saving lung transplants, these patients are often denied transplantation due to concerns about the scarcity of donor lungs. Using marginal or extended criteria donor lungs could facilitate the transplantation of elderly patients while alleviating concerns about donor scarcity, and may offer elderly patients survival comparable to that with standard criteria donor lungs. Methods Among 4338 U.S. lung transplant recipients aged 65+ from May 2005-August 2016 in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) dataset, we assessed survival associated with certain marginal donor factors, compared to the absence of each factor. A multivariable Cox regression model generated a Hazard Ratio for each donor factor, adjusted for the other donor factors and over 20 potential confounders, including transplant center performance. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to obtain survival time quartiles for each group. Results Among recipients aged 65+, marginal donors characterized by: age 55-64 (HR=1.02, p=0.77), ischemic time 6-8 hours (HR=1.05, p=0.48), smoking history 20+ pack-years (HR=1.07, p=0.37), alcohol use 2+ drinks/day (HR=0.91, p=0.16), and history of cancer (HR=0.74, p=0.09), were each not associated with worse survival than donors without the respective marginal factor. These types of marginal donors were used, respectively, in only 11%, 17%, 10%, 15%, and 2% of recipients aged 65+. However, donors with age 65+ (HR=1.48, p=0.01) or ischemic time 8+ hours (HR=1.35, p=0.01) were associated with worse survival. Conclusion Several types of marginal donor lungs are not associated with worse survival within recipients aged 65+, yet they are hardly used in this population. Widespread acceptance of these donor types could save lives among the growing population of elderly patients who need lung transplants, without expending standard criteria donor lungs, which are commonly preferred to be utilized in younger recipients.
Optimized Stretch Processing Compensation for FMCW Phase-Attached Radar-Communications

The phase-attached radar-communications (PARC) framework facilitates the co-design of these different functions within a common frequency modulated (FM) waveform, thereby enabling the operation of both without sacrificing transmission resources (i.e. power, time, frequency) needed for the primary radar function. Recently, the original pulsed PARC structure was extended to an FM continuous wave (FMCW) arrangement that maximizes data throughput. The resulting FMCW PARC waveforms were successfully demonstrated in an open-air environment for a ground-based moving target indication (MTI) application using a recent form of stretch processing that compensates for deviations from the linear chirping reference signal.However, the waveform-agile nature of PARC, which is necessary in order to convey information, does incur a performance cost that takes the form of range sidelobe modulation (RSM) of the clutter. To address this RSM degradation, here we introduce a range-dependent mismatched filtering approach for FMCW PARC based on a reduced-complexity Least-Squares (LS) formulation to determine the compensated transform in the final processing stage. The proposed approach is compared to the previous (range-dependent matched filter) compensated transform using experimental measurements, where a 5 dB signalto-interference-plus-noise (SINR) improvement is demonstrated.
Comparison of liver T1 relaxation times without and with iron correction in pediatric autoimmune liver disease

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 relaxometry (mapping) has been reported as a quantitative biomarker of liver injury due to inflammation and fibrosis. To assess the relationship between liver MRI T1 relaxometry measurements obtained using a modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) pulse sequence without and with iron (T2*) correction (cT1) in pediatric autoimmune liver disease. This cross-sectional study was institutional review board-approved, with informed consent obtained. MRI was acquired at 1.5 T in patients participating in an autoimmune liver disease registry. T1 relaxometry was performed using a MOLLI sequence with a 5(3)3-s acquisition strategy. A multi-echo gradient echo sequence was used to measure liver T2*. Non-iron-corrected native T1 (ms), calculated as the mean of four slices through the mid-liver, was measured using T1 parametric maps generated off-line. A proprietary T2* correction (Perspectum Diagnostics, Oxford, UK), blinded to native T1 values, calculated cT1 values. The relationship between native T1 and cT1 measurements was assessed using Spearman rank correlation and Bland-Altman analyses. Forty-eight patients with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 15.2 (4.1) years were included. Mean (SD) liver native T1 was 651.2 (123.9) ms and mean (SD) cT1 was 919.5 (86.8) ms, with excellent positive correlation between values (r=0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–0.95]; P<0.0001). Mean bias between native T1 and cT1 measurements was 268.3 ms (95% limits of agreement: 131.9–404.7 ms). There is excellent positive correlation between liver native T1 and cT1 measurements in pediatric patients with autoimmune liver disease. This relationship brings into question the need to perform T1 iron correction in this patient population. T1 and cT1 measurements are not interchangeable, however, due to considerable systematic bias with cT1 values being considerably higher.
Unified Library for Dependency-graph Reactivity on Web and Desktop User Interfaces

In user interfaces on Web and desktop applications, the system must quickly respond to user inputs and accurately display the result. Current solutions for user interfaces often respond too slowly and display temporarily inaccurate or misleading states, resulting in low user satisfaction. To alleviate this problem, we develop a reactive programming approach that encodes the complex relationships among the user interface components in a dependency graph and then uses the graph to order the updates of the components without violating the dependency constraints. This enables more timely updates and more accurate visualizations, potentially providing users with a more satisfying experience. We evaluate our approach by comparing its performance with important alternative reactive libraries for user interfaces.
Exploring Family Multi-type Maltreatment, Social Support, and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems Among Asian and Asian American College Students

Exposure to family violence as a child has a detrimental long-term impact on one’s life. This relationship is under-researched in Asian populations in the United States or in Asian countries. This study examined long-term effects of maltreatment, including interparental violence and child maltreatment on externalizing and internalizing problems experienced by Asian and Asian American college students. We also explored protective effects of social support against the negative consequences of family maltreatment. Surveying 542 college students in Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and the United States, we measured effects of family maltreatment on problem outcomes and examined the role of social support. Exposure to dual harm of family maltreatment (i.e., intraparental violence and child maltreatment) increased students’ externalizing problems compared to exposure to one type of family maltreatment, but no differences in internalizing behaviors were found. Effects of social support from parents and peers on externalizing and internalizing problems were neither moderating nor mediating, but direct. Those who received parental support had fewer externalizing behaviors, but effects of peer support were not significant. In contrast, those who obtained parental and peer support showed lower levels of internalizing mental health concerns. Surprisingly, men exhibited more mental health issues than women. Exposure to dual harm increases behavioral problems, but family support can help repair damage among Asian and Asian American college students. The relationship between abuse and problem outcomes was similar across countries, indicating common psychological processes.
Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin.

GUIDELINE TITLE Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists RELEASE DATE: Online: March 19, 2020 PRIOR VERSION: 2009 DEVELOPERS: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) FUNDING SOURCE: ASHP, IDSA, PIDS, SIDP TARGET POPULATION: Adults, children, and neonates treated for documented or presumed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Ship power plant operating problems connected with reactive power distribution between electric generators working in parallel

Operating problems connected with improper reactive power distribution between parallelly working marine electric generators are presented in this article. Reactive power distribution mechanism in electric power system is discussed. Methods of identifying proper reactive power distribution in the ship power plant depending on main switchboard measuring equipment are shown. Reactive power distribution corrective algorithm for selected excitation systems and voltage regulators is formulated.
Smart View Tracker

SmartView Tracker is a tool that helps collect information about the traffic profiles, about the management changes, and shows a glimpse of what is currently happening on the firewall. SmartView Tracker also lets one parse the log data by providing baseline queries, executing custom queries, and applying the filter settings. This chapter discusses the need for tracking and presents a few configuration examples. SmartView Tracker enables the security administrator to visualize traffic that is passing by. Tracking users, connections, and administration through the logs is completely dependent on the gateway's configuration. To be able to audit rules, investigate misfeasors, or simply gather statistics, it is needed to enable logging for the items one cares to examine. The most utilized tab in SmartView Tracker is the Log tab. Here one can invoke predefined queries or custom queries to quickly reveal records one is looking for. These records may be pseudo-real-time or latent records one is searching through for connection information. The Active tab gives insight into what connections currently exist on the firewall. One great aspect of this tool is that one can block intruders and deny the connections based on several options. The downside of this tab is that it carries a potential performance hit, but in the case of an active attack, it can prove invaluable. The Audit tab reveals important accounting information regarding the management of the firewall. One can use this tool to investigate management incidents or audit the processes to verify one is meeting organizational policy guidelines and goals. SmartView Tracker is a comprehensive tool that not only displays our log files in an easily understood format, but also provides sufficient tools to further manipulate the information into productive views.
Reconstruction and display of curvilinear objects from optical section data using 3‐D curve fitting algorithms

Biological objects resembling filaments are often highly elongated while presenting a small cross-sectional area. Examination of such objects requires acquisition of images from regions large enough to contain entire objects, but at sufficiently high resolution to resolve individual filaments. These requirements complicate the application of conventional optical sectioning and volume reconstruction techniques. For example, objective lenses used to acquire images of entire filaments or filament networks may lack sufficient depth (Z) resolution to localize filament cross-sections along the optical axis. Because volume reconstruction techniques consider only the information represented by a single volume element (voxel), views of filament networks reconstructed from images obtained at low Z-resolution will not accurately represent filament morphology. A possible solution to these problems is to simultaneously utilize all available information on the path of an object by fitting 3-D curves through data points localized in 2-D images. Here, we present an application of this approach to the reconstruction of microtubule networks from 2-D optical sections obtained using confocal microscopy, and to synthesized curves which have been distorted using a simple mathematical model of optical sectioning artefacts. Our results demonstrate that this strategy can produce high resolution 3-D views of filamentous objects from a small number of optical sections.
Two-Stage Combustion for Low Emissions without Catalytic Convertors

The concept of using two-stage combustion in a spark ignition engine has been tested in a single cylinder CFR engine. The engine was operated over an equivalence ratio range of 1.5 to 2.2 to evaluate the first stage of combustion. The product gas was analyzed for H/sub 2/, CO, CO/sub 2/, and hydrocarbons. An atmospheric burner was operated with gasoline over the same equivalence ratio range of 1.5 to 2.2, and the resulting product gases were then burned in the CFR engine to test the second stage of combustion. Emissions of NO/sub x/, HC and CO of 0.1, 0.1, and 5 gm/IHP-hr were measured respectively. The engine indicated efficiency for the two-stage mode was essentially the same as for the single-stage mode.