cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Tertiary Butylhydroquinone and Certain Other Surface Coatings on the Formation of Carbonyl Compounds in Granulated Roasted Peanuts

A 15-month shelf life study was conducted with granulated roasted peanuts (Arachis hypogaeu L.). The nuts were coated with combinations of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03% tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidant, two fats and an acetylated monoglyceride. Total carbonyls were measured monthly and served as an index of oxidative rancidity. TBHQ combined with citric acid was an effective anitoxidant in inhibiting carbonyl production, while the fats and monoglyceride coatings alone had no significant effect on carbonyl production. Samples without TBHQ exhibited a fivefold increase in total carbonyl content compared with samples treated with TBHQ. Total carbonyl levels of granulated peanuts treated with 0.02% TBHQ, the level presently allowed by the FDA, increased 20% during the 15-month storage period compared with an increase of 110% for those without TBHQ.
Nuclear Spectral Energy Functions Beyond the Shell Model

We predictl=0 nucleons in12C to have a negative (binding) energy centered around −22 MeV with a full width at half-maximum of 5.3 MeV. Thel=1 (P 3/2 nucleons) are predicted to have a much narrower spectral energy function centered around −10.6 MeV. A strongly correlated translational invariant wave function was used to describe the ground state nucleus. A central two-nucleon potential was utilized in the hyperspherical harmonic method to approximately solve the Schrodinger equation for the ground state wave function. Both confirmation and failings of the independent particle shell model are exposed.
Using TRIZ and human-centered design for consumer product development

Abstract TRIZ is increasingly being applied to consumer product development, in which products have to solve more than just technical problems, they have to provide compelling solutions to consumer needs. This paper discusses the use of TRIZ together with Human-Centered Design (HCD), a design methodology evolved for consumer product development. Using a case study, we illustrate why understanding user needs in consumer product development is particularly important, and then compare TRIZ and HCD methodologies. To better understand the appropriate use of TRIZ in consumer product development, we present a framework of Use, Usability and Meaning. Design situations where the emphasis is on a product‟s Use stand to benefit most from TRIZ methods, whereas for product areas with strong Meaning attached, HCD methods provide the most guidance. We finish by presenting some opportunities for successful integration of the two methodologies.
Global health training starts at home: a unique US-based global health clinical elective for residents.

Background: Many physicians planning to work in global health lack adequate formal training. Globalized cities create opportunities to integrate global health training into residency programs, preparing clinicians for less supported experiences abroad.Aim: To develop a clinical elective to advance residents’ knowledge and skills in global health and fieldwork abroad.Methods: Two-week comprehensive elective was offered to PGY2 combined medicine-pediatrics residents. We incorporated clinical exposures and global health topics. Global health experts were involved as teachers and preceptors. Clinical exposure included: tropical medicine with laboratory sessions; travel medicine; tuberculosis; immigrant and continuity; and human rights clinics. Didactic components and supplemental readings included socio-political issues, global public health, and health challenges of populations from developing regions. We assessed resident satisfaction using questionnaires and focus groups.Results: Residents reported usefuln...
Open questions in GRB physics

Abstract Open questions in GRB physics are summarized as of 2011, including classification, progenitor, central engine, ejecta composition, energy dissipation and particle acceleration mechanism, radiation mechanism, long term engine activity, external shock afterglow physics, origin of high energy emission, and cosmological setting. Prospects of addressing some of these problems with the upcoming Chinese–French GRB mission, SVOM, are outlined.
Evaluation of salvage male transobturator sling placement following recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed transobturator sling.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of patients treated with a salvage AdVance male sling after a failed primary transobturator sling placement. Methods Retrospective review of patients treated at our center with a primary and subsequent salvage AdVance sling. Success was defined as a dry safety pad or no pads (cured), or >50% improvement in pads used per day and patient satisfaction (improved). Early primary sling failures ( Results We identified 18 patients who underwent a salvage AdVance sling placement at our institution. Overall success was 72% at 6 months postoperatively and 56% at a mean follow-up of 17.5 months, including 50% and 39% of patients who were dry at those same time periods. Patients failing late after their primary sling (n = 8) enjoyed improved outcomes with salvage sling placement compared with patients who failed early (n = 10) after the primary sling. At 6 months, more patients in the late primary failure group were cured (75% vs 30%; P = .031). These improved cure rates remained significant through final follow-up with cure rates of 63% and 20%, respectively ( P = .041). Conclusion Salvage AdVance male sling is a viable treatment option after a failed primary sling procedure, especially in patients who demonstrated a prolonged efficacy period before primary sling failure.
The influence of the international secretariat: UNCTAD and generalized tariff preferences

The article is an empirical study of the political processes leading to the agreement on the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) that was reached in October 1970 at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Section I of the article sets out the triangular interests that had to reach agreement among developed countries, among developing countries, and between developed and developing countries. Section II poses the problem of the article: How did the UNCTAD secretariat contribute to the political process that resolved the three-dimensional disagreements, if only on a partial basis? The argument of the article is that sustained institutionalized pressure exerted through the UNCTAD secretariat did make a difference in influencing the policy outcomes on GSP. Certain results were achieved through UNCTAD organizational processes–secretariat ideology, Prebisch's leadership, and pragmatic group bargaining–that could not have been achieved through other means.
Measure for Measure: An Experimental Test of Online Political Media Exposure

Self-reported measures of media exposure are plagued with error and questions about validity. Since they are essential to studying media effects, a substantial literature has explored the shortcomings of these measures, tested proxies, and proposed refinements. But lacking an objective baseline, such investigations can only make relative comparisons. By focusing specifically on recent Internet activity stored by Web browsers, this article’s methodology captures individuals’ actual consumption of political media. Using experiments embedded within an online survey, I test three different measures of media exposure and compare them to the actual exposure. I find that open-ended survey prompts reduce overreporting and generate an accurate picture of the overall audience for online news. I also show that they predict news recall at least as well as general knowledge. Together, these results demonstrate that some ways of asking questions about media use are better than others. I conclude with a discussion of survey-based exposure measures for online political information and the applicability of this article’s direct method of exposure measurement for future studies.
Selenium hyperaccumulation reduces plant arthropod loads in the field.

The elemental defense hypothesis proposes that some plants hyperaccumulate toxic elements as a defense mechanism. In this study the effectiveness of selenium (Se) as an arthropod deterrent was investigated under field conditions. Arthropod loads were measured over two growing seasons in Se hyperaccumulator habitats in Colorado, USA, comparing Se hyperaccumulator species (Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata) with nonhyperaccumulators (Camelina microcarpa, Astragalus americanus, Descurainia pinnata, Medicago sativa, and Helianthus pumilus). The Se hyperaccumulating plant species, which contained 1000-14 000 microg Se g(-1) DW, harbored significantly fewer arthropods (c. twofold) and fewer arthropod species (c. 1.5-fold) compared with nonhyperaccumulator species that contained 10-fold lower Se concentrations than their hyperaccumulator hosts. Several arthropod species contained > 100 microg Se g(-1) DW, indicating Se tolerance and perhaps feeding specialization. These results support the elemental defense hypothesis and suggest that invertebrate herbivory may have contributed to the evolution of Se hyperaccumulation.
An Approach to Security Requirements Engineering for a High Assurance System

Requirements specifications for high-assurance secure systems are rare in the open literature. This paper examines the development of a requirements document for a multilevel secure system that must meet stringent assurance and evaluation requirements. The system is designed to be secure, yet combines popular commercial components with specialised high-assurance ones. Functional and non-functional requirements pertinent to security are discussed. A multidimensional threat model is presented. The threat model accounts for the developmental and operational phases of system evolution and for each phase accounts for both physical and non-physical threats. We describe our team-based method for developing a requirements document and relate that process to techniques in requirements engineering. The system requirements document presented provides a calibration point for future security requirements engineering techniques intended to meet both functional and assurance goals.
Gelatin-Methotrexate Conjugate Microspheres as a Potential Drug Delivery System

Gelatin-methotrexate microspheres for intra-tumor administration have possibilities for minimizing systemic toxicities of methotrexate (MTX) and overcoming its resistance. Gelatin-MTX conjugates prepared by a carbodiimide reaction were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to form microspheres (MTX:gelatin molar ratios of 2:1, 15:1, and 21:1). Microspheres were evaluated under in vitro tumor conditions at pH 6.5 and 37 degrees C with and without Cathepsin B (Cat B). Some microspheres were capped with an ethanolamine/cyanoborohydride procedure. SEM of broken microspheres revealed a hollow shell structure. Superficial Cat B degradation influenced some free MTX release but produced no conjugate fragment release. HPLC measured release of fragments (<10 kDa) was very little and release of free MTX was small. However, higher drug load microspheres released less free MTX than lower drug load, a substantial lag phase of free MTX release from capped microspheres changed to an initial rapid release in uncapped microspheres, and fragments were only released from uncapped microspheres. Opened unstable Schiff base crosslinks in uncapped microspheres may allow enzyme to produce conjugate fragments not observed in capped microspheres. Free MTX release may occur from dissolved uncrosslinked conjugate within the hollow microspheres. Important relationships and observations are described that will be useful for gelatin and perhaps other proteinaceous microspheres.
The non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic buspirone inhibits stress-induced renin secretion and lowers heart rate.

The non benzodiazepine drug, buspirone, produces a dose-dependent biphasic effect on plasma renin activity in non-stressed rats. Low doses (0.1 - 2.0 mg/kg i.p.) decrease while high doses (10.0 - 50.0 mg/kg i.p.) increase plasma renin activity. The maximal decrease in plasma renin activity produced by buspirone (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) was observed 30 minutes post-injection. In addition, buspirone (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg i.p.) blocked the stress-induced rise in plasma renin activity. This effect of buspirone is in contrast to the previously observed failure of the benzodiazepine anxiolytics to alter the effect of stress on plasma renin activity. Administration of buspirone (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) produced a sustained reduction (15%) in heart rate but did not affect mean arterial pressure. The present data support the view that the mechanism of the anxiolytic action of buspirone is different from that of the benzodiazepines.
Institutional Discrimination, Individual Racism, and Hurricane Katrina

Since Hurricane Katrina made landfall, there have been accusations of blatant racism in the government's response, on the one hand, and adamant denials that race played any role at all, on the other. We propose that both perspectives reflect oversimplifications of the processes involved, and the resulting debate may obscure a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the situation. Specifically, we discuss the potential roles of institutional discrimination, subtle contemporary biases, and racial mistrust. The operation of these processes is illustrated with events associated with Hurricane Katrina. In addition, drawing on these principles, we offer suggestions for present and future recovery efforts.
A comparative study on the performance of MIMO MRC systems with and without co-channel interference

This paper presents exact closed-form expressions for the performance of multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems employing maximal ratio combining (MRC) in absence and presence of co-channel interference (CCI). The results are applicable to systems operating over Rayleigh fading channels and in which the minimum number of antenna elements at the transmitter and receiver is two. The mathematical formalism is illustrated by some numerical examples showing the effects of various parameters ob the system performance.
Creative and Wise People: Similarities, Differences, and How They Develop

The authors compared personality correlates of creative achievement and wise performance in middle-age women of a longitudinal study. In Q-sort descriptions, originality and ambition were particularly salient in creative individuals, whereas meaning-making and benevolence were salient in wise individuals. Inventory measures of openness, unconventionality, ambition, and autonomy at age 21 predicted creative achievement, and measures of openness and tolerance predicted wisdom. Creative achievers increased over time in social integration and wise women in status-awareness. A behavioral commitment (creative activity soon after college or psychotherapeutic or spiritual careers) added significantly to age-21 openness and complexity to predict the criteria of creative achievement and wisdom.
R. B. Woodward, A Great Physical Organic Chemist

Robert Burns Woodward is considered one of the greatest synthetic organic chemists of our time, if not the greatest. This article presents evidence that Woodward was also one of the greatest physical organic chemists as well. Among Woodward and his collaborators' most important accomplishments in the field of physical organic chemistry are: the Woodward–Hoffmann rules; the derivation and use of structure–mechanism–reactivity relationships in his multifold structure determinations and total syntheses; the Woodward ultraviolet rules and the Octant Rule; and his early demonstration that synthetic organic chemistry can contribute to the synthesis of potential superconductors and thus, to material science. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postpartum mood disorders: A review of clinical and epidemiological factors

The postpartum period is a time of risk for mood disturbance in women. Postpartum blues occurs commonly, but is self-limited. Postpartum depression occurs in 13% of postpartum women. However, it is estimated that nearly one-half of all cases go undetected. Postpartum psychosis is rare, affecting 1-2 per 1000 women. Postpartum mood disorders can have far-reaching consequences and have been shown to affect the social and psychological development of children. It is critical that healthcare providers understand these disorders and their risk factors to increase detection and to educate women about the risks and treatments of postpartum mood disorders. This review is intended to provide healthcare providers with a better understanding of the descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, and treatments of postpartum mood disorders. The utility of specific screening instruments is also discussed.
The occurrence of sequence patterns in repeated experiments and hitting times in a Markov chain

Abstract A martingale argument is used to derive the generating function of the number of i.i.d. experiments it takes to observe a given string of outcomes for the first time. Then, a more general problem can be studied: How many trials does it take to observe a member of a finite set of strings for the first time? It is shown how the answer can be obtained within the framework of hitting times in a Markov chain. For these, a result of independent interest is derived.
Quantitative Mapping of a Digenic Behavioral Trait Implicates Globin Variation in C. elegans Sensory Behaviors

Summary Most heritable behavioral traits have a complex genetic basis, but few multigenic traits are understood at a molecular level. Here we show that the C. elegans strains N2 and CB4856 have opposite behavioral responses to simultaneous changes in environmental O 2 and CO 2 . We identify two quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect this trait and map each QTL to a single-gene polymorphism. One gene, npr-1 , encodes a previously described neuropeptide receptor whose high activity in N2 promotes CO 2 avoidance. The second gene, glb-5 , encodes a neuronal globin domain protein whose high activity in CB4856 modifies behavioral responses to O 2 and combined O 2 /CO 2 stimuli. glb-5 acts in O 2 -sensing neurons to increase O 2 -evoked calcium signals, implicating globins in sensory signaling. An analysis of wild C. elegans strains indicates that the N2 alleles of npr-1 and glb-5 arose recently in the same strain background, possibly as an adaptation to laboratory conditions.
Panel: Lawyers, Judges and Digital Forensics: Evaluating Situational Awareness and Evidentiary Skills with Electronic Evidence, from Cybercrime to Civil Lawsuits.

This panel of attorneys, and others, will discuss situational awareness and skills of lawyers, judges and computing professionals relating to evidence law and rules of procedure for using electronic evidence and digital forensics. The panel may address the new Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the discovery and handling of electronic evidence that are effective December 1, 2006, their impact in federal courts and their influence in state courts.
Selective modulation of hepatic and ileal Na+-K+-ATPase by bile salts in the rat

Sodium-potassium adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) is modulated by functional demands. We determine whether Na+-K+-ATPase specific activity was changed by oral administration of different bile salts and whether upregulation in the liver is due to increased numbers of catalytic units. In rats after bile duct drainage for 18 h, Na+-K+-ATPase activity was reduced to 50% of control in liver and ileum but unchanged in jejunum and kidney. Increased Na+-K+-ATPase activity after short-term feeding of bile salts was noted only following trihydroxy bile salts, i.e., taurocholate (100 mg/100 g body wt) increased hepatic Na+-K+-ATPase 143% and ileum 138% above control, whereas jejunum and kidney were unchanged. Chronic feeding of trihydroxy bile salts for 4 days increased hepatic Na+-K+-ATPase (214-260%) and alkaline phosphatase (189-274%), whereas 5'-nucleotidase and Mg2+-ATPase activities were unchanged from control. Plasma membrane Na+-K+-ATPase activity significantly increased as early as 4 h after taurocholate administration, whereas homogenate activity did not rise until 16 h; both reached a new steady state between 24 and 48 h. Sixteen hours after bile salt feeding, increased Na+-K+-ATPase activity was blocked by cycloheximide, and in the liver increased enzyme activity (179%) was associated with a comparable change in sodium-dependent [gamma-32P]ATP binding (162%) to liver plasma membrane fractions. These studies show Na+-K+-ATPase activity adapts selectively in liver and ileum following administration of trihydroxy bile salts, and the process involves increased density of Na+-K+ pump sites on the liver plasma membrane.
Shooting Blanks: Anri Sala's Photography and the Heritages of Post-Communist Society

This paper asserts that artwork created in post-Communist Europe should be examined together with ideas presented in the intellectual discourse responding to the post-Communist condition within the transformational societies of the period. A 2003 photograph by Albanian artist Anri Sala (b. 1973), titled "I Love You," serves as an evidentiary example of the art during this transitional period. Sala photographically disrupts our view of the urbanscape in order to express the frustrations of post-Communist societies as they sought to create order out of chaos by including traces of post-Communist society as its "initial optimism changed to disillusion [when facing] the political, cultural and economic pressures of capitalism and globalism." The paper also compels us to reflect on using "post-Communist methodologies" in the humanities and art history that articulate the ostensible newfound freedoms in the "other" Europes, such as Albania.
Interpretation of Wing Pattern Elements in Relation to Bird Predation on Adult Hyalophora (Saturniidae)

ABSTRACT. A large sample of trapped adult males of Hyalophora euryalus, H. columbia gloveri, and intergrades from a hybrid zone between these taxa were scored for seven categories of wing damage. A total of 6.1% of 471 adults showed wing damage consistent with bird strikes. Among categories of wing damage, a significantly higher frequency of strikes involved the HW discal spot and the apical eye spot. Patterns of wing damage and behavior of adults when threatened were evaluated in the context of formal models of wing markings as anti-predator mechanisms. Discal spots may act to intimidate predators, while apical eye spots may deflect attacks away from the body. Certain markings are highly conserved and concordant with DNA-based saturniid phylogeny.
Change Points via Probabilistically Pruned Objectives

The concept of homogeneity plays a critical role in statistics, both in its applications as well as its theory. Change point analysis is a statistical tool that aims to attain homogeneity within time series data. This is accomplished through partitioning the time series into a number of contiguous homogeneous segments. The applications of such techniques range from identifying chromosome alterations to solar flare detection. In this manuscript we present a general purpose search algorithm called cp3o that can be used to identify change points in multivariate time series. This new search procedure can be applied with a large class of goodness of fit measures. Additionally, a reduction in the computational time needed to identify change points is accomplish by means of probabilistic pruning. With mild assumptions about the goodness of fit measure this new search algorithm is shown to generate consistent estimates for both the number of change points and their locations, even when the number of change points increases with the time series length. A change point algorithm that incorporates the cp3o search algorithm and E-Statistics, e-cp3o, is also presented. The only distributional assumption that the e-cp3o procedure makes is that the absolute $\alpha$th moment exists, for some $\alpha\in(0,2)$. Due to this mild restriction, the e-cp3o procedure can be applied to a majority of change point problems. Furthermore, even with such a mild restriction, the e-cp3o procedure has the ability to detect any type of distributional change within a time series. Simulation studies are used to compare the e-cp3o procedure to other parametric and nonparametric change point procedures, we highlight applications of e-cp3o to climate and financial datasets.
Max-min feasible point pursuit for non-convex QCQP

Quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) has a variety of applications in signal processing, communications, and networking - but in many cases the associated QCQP is non-convex and NP-hard. In such cases, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) followed by randomization, or successive convex approximation (SCA) are typically used for approximation. SDR and SCA work with one-sided non-convex constraints, but typically fail to produce a feasible point when there are two-sided or more generally indefinite constraints. A feasible point pursuit (FPP-SCA) algorithm that combines SCA with judicious use of slack variables and a penalty term was recently proposed to obtain feasible and near-optimal solutions with high probability in these difficult cases. In this contribution, we revisit FPP- SCA from a different point of view and recast the feasibility problem in a simpler, more compact way. Simulations show that the new approach outperforms the original FPP-SCA under certain conditions, thus providing a useful addition to our non-convex QCQP toolbox.
Mechanisms of tumor escape in the context of the T-cell-inflamed and the non-T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment

Checkpoint blockade therapy has been proven to be highly active across many cancer types but emerging evidence indicates that the therapeutic benefit is limited to a subset of patients in each cancer entity. The presence of CD8(+) T cells within the tumor microenvironment or the invasive margin of the tumor, as well as the up-regulation of PD-L1, have emerged to be the most predictive biomarkers for clinical benefit in response to checkpoint inhibition. Although the up-regulation of immune inhibitory mechanisms is one mechanism of immune escape, commonly used by T-cell-inflamed tumors, exclusion of an anti-tumor specific T-cell infiltrate displays another even more potent mechanism of immune escape. This review will contrast the mechanisms of immunogenic, T-cell-inflamed, and the novel concept of non-immunogenic, non-T-cell-inflamed, adaptive immune escape.
A TWO-YEAR-OLD GOES TO HOSPITAL: A SCIENTIFIC FILM AND LECTURE1

A small boy of three and a half years was admitted to hospital following a motor accident. He suffered concussion and a fractured thigh. The concussion was not severe; there was no evidence of any fracture of the skull. But the fracture of the leg was serious and he was in hospital for three months. His parents were not allowed to visit him for the first week, but then his mother visited him daily.
A simplified method for the preparation of corticotropin.

SummaryA simple procedure is described whereby a good yield of highly active corticotropin can be obtained by direct adsorption from a crude pituitary extract. The method is equally suitable for pituitaries from sheep and from pigs.
Illustrating Motion, Music, and Story Molly Idle’s Flora and the Flamingo

In this article, the author reviews Flora and the Flamingo by Molly Idle, a unique wordless picture book of friendship, movement, and music. Included is a brief discussion of Johann Strauss II and ...
Microstructural Evolution in Compositionally Tailored MoSi2/SiC Composites

Compositionally tailored MoSi2/SiC composites with silicon carbide content ranging from 0 to 60 volume percent were synthesized through a novel processing scheme involving the mechanical alloying of elemental molybdenum, silicon, and carbon. The effects of important processing parameters such as the nominal powder composition and the processing temperature on the microstructural evolution during mechanical alloying and subsequent heating are described based on the results obtained from DTA and XRD.
PS2-25: An Adaptation of Behavioral Pediatric Obesity Treatment for the Real World: Results from the Group Health Family Wellness Program Pilot Trial

Background/Aims The US Preventive Service Task Force recommends intensive behavioral treatment for children with BMI >85th percentile, but these programs typically rely on individual contact, making them costly and infeasible in health care. In response, we developed a group-based program, the Family Wellness Program (FWP), and piloted it in a primary care setting as a proof-of-concept.
An Instrument for Classifying Organizations

The objective of this research was to develop an instrument to classify organizations and subunits of organizations using Miner's (1979) four limited domain theories. Analysis of 100 items was cond...
The Golden Age of Technical Communication

This article uses a historical perspective to describe the development of the profession of technical communication through three ages: Brass, Beige, and Glass. I compare this development to the gr...
Analysis on food poisoning in Wuxi New District from 2008-2011

[Objective]By analyzing the status of food poisoning in Wuxi New District from 2008-2011,to carry out effective measures for food poisoning.[Methods]The data of food poisoning in Wuxi New District from 2008-2011 were analyzed by epidemiology and statistics.[Results]During 2008-2011,there were 21 food poisoning events in Wuxi New District,304 patients were involved.Most of food poisoning events occurred in the third quarter,the events and patient number accounted for 57.14% and 73.03% respectively,and the attack rate of food poisoning was the highest(4.37%).The main processing place of food poisoning was fast food delivery,and most of events were caused by bacteria.[Conclusion]In order to reduce the incidence of food poisoning,it is important to carry out feasible control measures according to the high-risk time and link of food poisoning.
The MSE for Incorrect Prior Assumptions

This chapter focuses on the mean square error (MSE) for incorrect prior assumptions. A strong and serious but valid criticism of Bayesian methods is that the prior information they depend on may not be correct. In the context of the development of the estimators, the form of the incorrect prior assumptions for the Bayes, mixed, and minimax estimators respectively, are an incorrectly specified mean vector and/or incorrectly specified dispersion matrix, an incorrect stochastic prior information, and an incorrect ellipsoid. The chapter highlights the MSE of the Bayes estimator (BE). The MSE of an estimator derived from the incorrect prior assumptions is not uniformly less than that of the least square estimator when averaged over correct prior assumptions. The chapter describes the corresponding comparisons of the MSE of the mixed estimator to the least square (LS) estimator when the mean and dispersion of Φ is misspecified and the correspondence between incorrect prior assumptions for a BE and a mixed estimator.
Engineering xylose utilization in Yarrowia lipolytica by understanding its cryptic xylose pathway.

The oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, has been utilized as an industrial host for about 60 years for various applications. Recently, the metabolic engineering of this host has become increasingly popular due to its ability to accumulate lipids as well as improvements made toward developing new genetic tools. Y. lipolytica can robustly metabolize glucose, glycerol, and even different lipid classes. However, little is known about its xylose metabolizing capability. Given the desirability of having a robust xylose utilizing strain of Y. lipolytica, we performed a comprehensive investigation and elucidation of the existing components of its xylose metabolic pathway. A quick and efficient means of determining functionality of the candidate xylose pathway genes (XYR, XDH, and XKS) from Y. lipolytica was desirable. We challenged Escherichia coli mutants lacking either the xylose isomerase (xylA) gene or the xylulose kinase (xylB) gene to grow on xylose minimal media by expressing the candidate genes from Y. lipolytica. We showed that the XKS of Y. lipolytica is able to rescue xylose growth of E. coli ΔxylB, and the XDH enabled growth on xylitol, but not on xylose, of E. coli ΔxylA. Overexpression of XKS and XDH in Y. lipolytica improved growth on xylitol, indicating that expression of the native enzymes was limiting. Overexpression of XKS and XDH in Y. lipolytica also enables robust growth on xylose under high nitrogen conditions without the need for adaptation. These results prove that a complete xylose pathway exists in Y. lipolytica, but the pathway is poorly expressed. To elucidate the XYR gene, we applied the E. coli ΔxylA xylose growth challenge with 14 candidate XYR genes and XDH. The XYR2 candidate was able to rescue growth of E. coli ΔxylA xylose on minimal media. While a native xylose pathway exists in Y. lipolytica, the microorganism’s inability to grow robustly on xylose is an effect of cryptic genetic circuits that control expression of key enzymes in the metabolic pathway. We have characterized the key enzymes associated with xylose metabolism and demonstrated that gene regulatory issues can be overcome using strong hybrid promoters to attain robust growth on xylose without adaptation.
Deaf and Hard of Hearing Individuals' Perceptions of Communication with Hearing Colleagues in Small Groups

This survey-based study investigated deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) individuals' perceived need for technologies that may facilitate communication when meeting in small groups with hearing colleagues. Participants were 108 DHH postsecondary students who participated in co-op (internship) and capstone experiences at workplaces with hearing employees within the past two years. Participants' responses to a survey indicated that they were generally not satisfied with their current strategies and technologies for communicating with hearing persons in small groups.
Sentimentalism in Online Deliberation: Assessing the Generic Liability of Immigration Discourses

Analyzing the video archive of personal narratives curated by the Where Are You From? project, the author argues that public immigration discourses are conditioned by sentimentalism. Two effects of this generic conditioning are explicated. First, through the displacement of attention from a conflicted present to an imagined past, Americans may commemorate mythic immigrants while passing anti-immigration laws. Second, sentimentalism transposes immigration from a potentially deliberative to a perennially epideictic register. The author’s first implication is a rationale for generic awareness. If and when the only genre in which the public is able or willing to engage the subject of immigration is sentimentalism, moderating this impulse is prudent. A second implication pertains to the genre’s impact on spaces that are conceived and celebrated for public engagement.
The k-peak Decomposition: Mapping the Global Structure of Graphs

The structure of real-world complex networks has long been an area of interest, and one common way to describe the structure of a network has been with the k-core decomposition. The core number of a node can be thought of as a measure of its centrality and importance, and is used by applications such as community detection, understanding viral spreads, and detecting fraudsters. However, we observe that the k-core decomposition suffers from an important flaw: namely, it is calculated globally, and so if the network contains distinct regions of different densities, the sparser among these regions may be neglected. To resolve this issue, we propose the k-peak graph decomposition method, based on the k-core algorithm, which finds the centers of distinct regions in the graph. Our contributions are as follows: (1) We present a novel graph decomposition- the k-peak decomposition- and corresponding algorithm, and perform a theoretical analysis of its properties. (2) We describe a new visualization method, the "Mountain Plot", which can be used to better understand the global structure of a graph. (3) We perform an extensive empirical analysis of real-world graphs, including technological, social, biological, and collaboration graphs, and show how the k-peak decomposition gives insight into the structures of these graphs. (4) We demonstrate the advantage of using the k-peak decomposition in various applications, including community detection, contagion and identifying essential proteins.
The chemical principles of flotation, activation and depression of arsenopyrite

ABSTRACT The analysis of pulp liquid, infrared spectra and adsorption determination were carried out; the flotation, activation and depression of arsenopyrite were studied. The obtained results show that arsenopyrite is depressed seriously in alkaline media, which is attributed to the destruction of the active sites on the mineral surfaces and xanthate can't just adsorb on arsenopyrite. The depression of arsenopyrite by oxidants(e. g. chlorinated lime) is owing to the formation of hydrophilic oxide films on the mineral surfaces, so that the hydrophilicity excels the hydrophobicity caused by the adsorption of xanthate. Pyrite may be separated from arsenopyrite if the medium pH is regulated properly or the oxidants are used reasonably. However, the existence of heavy metal ions (especially copper ions) will make the separation impossible. The activation of arsenopyrite and pyrite with cupric ions is referred to that the same compound CuS is formed on the both mineral surfaces, and the provided copper active sites can't be destroyed even in strong alkaline media and still adsorb xanthate ions therefore. The oxidation selectivity is also decreased consequently.
Unusually low mortality of penetrating wounds of the chest. Twelve years' experience

Within a 12-year period ending in March 1984, 1109 patients with penetrating thoracic injuries were treated at King-Drew Medical Center located in south central Los Angeles. The average age of the patients was 28.1 years. There were 607 stab wounds and 502 gunshot wounds. Antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed only for the 428 patients who had laparotomy, thoracotomy, and pulmonary contusion with hemoptysis. Of the 1109 patients, 105 had cardiac injuries. All patients with cardiac trauma underwent thoracotomy, and the mortality rate was 18.1%. Specifically, the mortality rate of gunshot wound of the heart 24.5% and that of stab wound of the heart, 11.5%. In contrast, of the 1004 patients without cardiac injuries, only 115 required thoracotomy and the mortality rate in this group was 0.8% (8/1004). The mortality rate was 69.6% in patients who had a thoracotomy in the emergency room but only 2.8% in patients who had a thoracotomy in the operating room within the first 24 hours after admission. In the 242 patients who had associated abdominal injuries, the mortality rate was 2.1% (5/242), as compared with 2.5% (22/867) for those who had isolated chest injuries. In the entire group, the incidence of complications was 5.1%, of which 1.8% were infectious complications. The presence of associated abdominal injuries did not influence the outcome. The mortality rate in noncardiac thoracic injuries is very low compared with that of cardiac injury. Because of the complexity of the injury, gunshot wound of the heart has the highest mortality rate.
Simplification in moment calculations for magnetic resonance line shapes

Abstract Rotational symmetry is applied to the traces involved in the calculation of high-temperature moments of magnetic resonance line shapes. Certain traces are shown to vanish identically. The resulting simplifications, of importance chiefly for the lower moments, are useful for both dipolar and Heisenberg exchange models of magnetic insulating solids. For example, for the dipolar model, the calculation time for the fourth moment is reduced by approximately a factor of two.
Large scale document inversion using a multi-threaded computing system

Current microprocessor architecture is moving towards multi-core/multi-threaded systems. This trend has led to a surge of interest in using multi-threaded computing devices, such as the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), for general purpose computing. We can utilize the GPU in computation as a massive parallel co-processor because the GPU consists of multiple cores. The GPU is also an affordable, attractive, and user-programmable commodity. Nowadays a lot of information has been flooded into the digital domain around the world. Huge volume of data, such as digital libraries, social networking services, e-commerce product data, and reviews, etc., is produced or collected every moment with dramatic growth in size. Although the inverted index is a useful data structure that can be used for full text searches or document retrieval, a large number of documents will require a tremendous amount of time to create the index. The performance of document inversion can be improved by multi-thread or multi-core GPU. Our approach is to implement a linear-time, hash-based, single program multiple data (SPMD), document inversion algorithm on the NVIDIA GPU/CUDA programming platform utilizing the huge computational power of the GPU, to develop high performance solutions for document indexing. Our proposed parallel document inversion system shows 2--3 times faster performance than a sequential system on two different test datasets from PubMed abstract and e-commerce product reviews.
Association of Serum Lipids and Obstructive Lung Disease in Hispanic/Latino Adults of Diverse Backgrounds.

Rationale: Substantial variation in the prevalences of obstructive lung disease exist between Hispanic/Latino heritage groups. Experimental studies have posited biological mechanisms linking serum lipids and lipid-lowering medications with obstructive lung disease. The aim of this study is to examine the associations of serum lipid levels with the prevalences of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos and how these associations vary by Hispanic/Latino heritage group. Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a population-based probability sample of 16,415 self-identified Hispanic/Latino persons aged 18-74 years recruited between 2008 and 2011 from randomly selected households in four US field centers. The baseline clinical examination included comprehensive biological testing (fasting serum lipid levels), behavioral and socio-demographic assessments, medication inventory including inhalers, and respiratory data including questionnaires for asthma and standardized spirometry with post-bronchodilator measures for identification of obstructive lung disease. Measurements and main results: Hispanic/Latinos with current asthma had lower age- and statin-use-adjusted mean serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels than their non-asthmatic counterparts. In analysis adjusted for age plus gender, ethnicity, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, lipid/cholesterol-lowering medications, age at immigration, health insurance status, and use of oral corticosteroids, increasing serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with lower odds of current asthma in the estimated population. Unlike asthma, Hispanic/Latinos with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had lower mean high-density lipoprotein than their non- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease counterparts. In the fully adjusted analysis no significant associations were found between lipid levels and prevalent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: We showed a modest inverse relationship between serum lipid levels and current asthma. These results highlight some important differences in Hispanics/Latinos and certain serum lipids may be factors or markers of obstructive lung disease.
The Paradox of Coding - Policy Concerns Raised by Risk-Based Provider Contracts.

The use of risk adjustment in payment systems has led health care organizations to focus on capturing all relevant medical diagnoses to maximize reimbursements and encouraged them to shift resources toward better documentation rather than initiatives to improve care.
In vivo delineation of carotid plaque features with ARFI variance of acceleration (VoA): Clinical results

Stroke is commonly caused by thromboembolic events originating from a ruptured carotid plaque. Histological studies have shown that plaque rupture potential is related to plaque composition rather than degree of stenosis. The use of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging has enabled assessment of carotid plaque composition and structure. In particular, a previous study has shown that ARFI-derived peak displacement (PD) can differentiate between soft (intraplaque hemorrhage/necrotic core) and stiff (collagen/calcium) plaque components with high sensitivity and specificity. However, PD showed low performance for distinguishing between soft and between stiff features. This study evaluates an alternative ARFI-derived parameter, variance of acceleration (VoA), for intraplaque feature delineation. This study analyzed 20 carotid plaques imaged in vivo in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). After imaging, CEA specimens were harvested for histological validation. VoA was statistically significantly different (Wilcoxon, p < 0.01) between all examined plaque features, including between intraplaque hemorrhage and necrotic core and between collagen and calcium. Results suggest that VoA analysis improves ARFI discrimination between soft and between stiff carotid plaque components that are related to vulnerability for rupture.
Ultrasound evaluation of infrapatellar fat pad impingement: An exploratory prospective study.

Abstract Background We sought to determine whether there are ultrasound parameters that differ between knees with symptomatic fat pad synovial impingement and asymptomatic knees. Methods A prospective study was performed in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of fat pad synovial impingement and asymptomatic controls. Eleven symptomatic knees and 10 asymptomatic controls were evaluated. Ultrasound imaging was performed before and after exercise. Evaluated parameters included largest fat lobule compressibility, subjective assessment of vascularity, largest vessel diameter, and subjective assessment of dynamic fat pad motion during flexion and extension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess whether changes in these parameters were different between symptomatic and asymptomatic knees. Results Change in the largest vessel diameter was greater and trended toward dilation in asymptomatic knees compared to symptomatic knees (mean: 0.83 vs. − 0.02; P Conclusions This study demonstrated a statistically significant change in the largest vessel diameter from pre- to post-exercise states between symptomatic and asymptomatic knees, as well as abnormal pre-exercise fat lobule compressibility in symptomatic knees. These findings show promise that with further research, ultrasound could have clinical utility in diagnosing infrapatellar fat pad impingement.
The Annual Economic Burden of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that affects approximately 2.2% of the U.S. population. The annual economic burden of this disease, both on an individual and national level, has not been clearly def...
INCOSE SE handbook v3.2 and v4.0 analysis of context diagrams set

Growing interest observed in the Associate Systems Engineering Professional (ASEP) certification among students and faculty in the Systems Engineering Programs has led the authors to analyze the SE Handbook. In this paper, an effort in the analysis of The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) Systems Engineering (SE) Handbook versions 3.2 and 4.0 using network abstractions to understand and identify central concepts of SE processes is portrayed by examining only the Context Diagram figures, each of which depicts a set of Activities (a Process) that transforms inputs (Inputs, Controls, and Enablers) into outputs (Outputs). The network representation of the said helped in detecting key life cycle processes and information transferors of SE handbook versions 3.2 and 4.0, along with identifying central communities of SE Handbook.