cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Functional Core of IncA Is Required for Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion Fusion

ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that is the etiological agent of a variety of human diseases, including blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydiae replicate within a membrane-bound compartment, termed an inclusion, which they extensively modify by the insertion of type III secreted proteins called Inc proteins. IncA is an inclusion membrane protein that encodes two coiled-coil domains that are homologous to eukaryotic SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor) motifs. Recent biochemical evidence suggests that a functional core, composed of SNARE-like domain 1 (SLD-1) and part of SNARE-like domain 2 (SLD-2), is required for the characteristic homotypic fusion of C. trachomatis inclusions in multiply infected cells. To verify the importance of IncA in homotypic fusion in Chlamydia, we generated an incA::bla mutant. Insertional inactivation of incA resulted in the formation of nonfusogenic inclusions, a phenotype that was completely rescued by complementation with full-length IncA. Rescue of homotypic inclusion fusion was dependent on the presence of the functional core consisting of SLD-1 and part of SLD-2. Collectively, these results confirm in vitro membrane fusion assays identifying functional domains of IncA and expand the genetic tools available for identification of chlamydia with a method for complementation of site-specific mutants. IMPORTANCEChlamydia trachomatis replicates within a parasitophorous vacuole termed an inclusion. The chlamydial inclusions are nonfusogenic with vesicles in the endocytic pathway but, in multiply infected cells, fuse with each other to form a single large inclusion. This homotypic fusion is dependent upon the presence of a chlamydial inclusion membrane-localized protein, IncA. Specificity of membrane fusion in eukaryotic cells is regulated by SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment receptor) proteins on the cytosolic face of vesicles and target membranes. IncA contains two SNARE-like domains. Newly developed genetic tools for the complementation of targeted mutants in C. trachomatis are used to confirm the minimal requirement of SNARE-like motifs necessary to promote the homotypic fusion of inclusions.
THE ASCOSPORE SHEATH AND TAXONOMY OF LEPTOSPHAERIA SENEGALENSIS

Leptosphaeria senegalensis Segretain et al. 1959, is a recentlydescribed agent of mycetoma (1, 10) that has been isolated from several human cases in Africa, mainly in Senegal and Mauritania. Following the classification system of Engler and Prantl (3), Baylet et al. (1) placed the fungus in the order Sphaeriales on account of the dark color of its perithecia and in the family Pleosporaceae because of its lack of stromata and the presence of "paraphysoids" which appear before the asci are formed. Generic classification was based on shape, dark color and septation of the ascospore. The purpose of this preliminary report is to discuss briefly the results of our observations on strain 614 of L. senegalensis received through the courtesy of Dr. G. Segretain, and their bearing upon the classification and identity of this organism. The Ascospore: Although extensive descriptions of the fungus and of the disease it causes have been published (1), a few important morphological characteristics of the ascospores appear to have been either misinterpreted or overlooked. The ascospore is elliptical and is divided by 4 septa into 5 unequal cells, the subapical cell being largest (Fig. 1). According to Baylet et al. (1), the first-formed septum in the ascospore of L. senegalensis divides it into 2 unequal cells, of which the smaller gives rise to 2 cells and the larger to 3. This observation is at variance with ours.
Action of prolactin on seminal vesicles of guinea pig.

Summary and ConclusionsThe role of LTH (luteotrophic hormone, prolactin or lactogenic hormone) in stimulating epithelium of seminal vesicles of castrated guinea pigs has been tested in 2 series of experiments. LTH alone had no effect on seminal vesicles of castrates. LTH together with subminimal testosterone propionate caused significant increase in weight of seminal vesicles as well as height of epithelium. A high priming dose of TP was required before LTH stimulated visible secretion. Doubling the dose of LTH after priming with TP caused a corresponding increase in seminal vesicle weight. Prostates, testes, mammary glands, adrenals and pituitaries did not show any significant differences in structure or size when various levels of LTH were present. The results are in agreement with the findings of Pasqualini (1) and Chase et al.(2).
Expression characteristic of antigen molecules of neural retina in different developing stage

Objective To study the difference of MHC-I, MHC-Ⅱ and CD45 expression on the neural retina between newborn and post-natal 10 weeks C57BL/6 mouse. Methods Three kinds of antigens of neural retina were examined by flowcytometry after retinal neural cells were cultured for 48 hours. Results Neonatal mouse retina had a low expression of MHC-Ⅰ, MHC-Ⅱ and CD45.MHC-Ⅰ, MHC-Ⅱ and CD45 expression could be found on the 10 weeks mouse retina. Compared with newnatal retina, the three antigens expression on adult retina were much more. Conclusion The newnatal retina has more lower antigens expression about immune than adult one. So it is less immunogenic than adult one. The newnatal retina is appropriate donor material for retina transplantation.
Posterior Augmented Glenoid Components Require Less Surgical Bone Removal After Correction of Retroversion in B2 Glenoids

Introduction: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is the current standard treatment for severe osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint [1]. Often, severe arthritis is associated with abnormal glenoid version or excessive posterior wear [2]. Reaming to correct more than 15° of retroversion back to neutral is not ideal as it may remove an excessive amount of the outer cortical support and medialize the glenoid component [3]. Two recent glenoid components with posterior augments—wedged and stepped—have been designed to address excessive posterior wear and to allow glenoid component neutralization. Hypothetically, these augmented glenoid designs lessen the complications associated with using a standard glenoid component in cases of shoulder osteoarthritis with excessive posterior wear. We set out to determine which implant type (standard, stepped, or wedged) corrects retroversion while removing the least amount of bone in glenoids with posterior erosion. Methods: Serial shoulder CT scans were obtained from 121 patients before total shoulder arthroplasty. These were then classified using the Walch Classification. We produced 3D models of the scapula from CT scans for 10 subjects that were classified as B2 using the software MIMICS (Materialise, Belgium). Each of these 10 glenoid subjects were then virtually implanted with standard, stepped, and wedged glenoid components (Fig 1). The volume of surgical bone removed and maximum reaming depth were calculated for each design and for each subject. In addition, the area of the backside of the glenoid in contact with cancellous versus cortical bone was calculated for each glenoid design and for each subject (Fig 2). ANOVA testing was performed. Results: Arthritic bone loss in shoulder specimens was always posteroinferior, and the worn portion or neoglenoid made up an average of 68 ± 11% in the shoulder specimens. Mean surgical bone volume removed (2857 ± 1618 mm 3 ) was least for the wedged component when compared to stepped (4307 ± 1485 mm 3 , p=.0003) and conventional (5385 ± 2348 mm 3 , p=.0003) designs. Maximum bone depth removed for the wedge (4.5 ± 2.3 mm) was less than the stepped (7.6 ± 1.4 mm, p=.00003) and conventional (9.7 ± 2.7 mm, p=.00001). The mean percentage of the implant9s back surface supported by cancellous bone was 17.0% for the conventional, 6.1% for the stepped (p=.009), and 3.1% for the wedged (p=.0001). Discussion: Both wedged and stepped components were able to correct glenoid version to neutral and required less bone removal, required less reaming depth, and were supported by more cortical bone than the standard implant. The wedged component was significantly better in these three categories than the stepped implant. There may be a mismatch between the usual patterns of wear that occurs in B2 glenoids where neoglenoid comprises (68 ± 11%) vs. the stepped implant9s 50%. A stepped implant that matches the usual B2 glenoid may correct version while removing less bone than the current design.
Decision-making styles of dietitians.

Four decision-making styles (technician, planner, teacher, artist) were distinguished with Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) results for 61 dietitians and 55 dietetic students. The "technician" style (impersonal, matter-of-fact analysis expressed in technical skills) was preferred to other styles by the greatest percentage of subjects studied. Subgroups of clinical dietitians, those 40 years old or older, and dietetic internship graduates preferred the "technical" style that is related to academic achievement in applied and physical sciences. Dietitians in administration, consulting, education, and public health indicated a preference for the “artistic” style (an insightful approach to possibilities expressed in an ability to communicate well with others). CUP graduates indicated the most diversity in style preferences. The planner style identified with researchers was preferred to the "artistic" style by students. Available data from groups of dietitians studied by other investigators supported these findings and indicated similarities among dietitians, school administrators, and medical technicians. Comparison between students in this and other samples indicated more differences than similarities, which may be due to differences in programs. Since all styles are useful within the profession, it is suggested that the identification and adaptation of style be included in education programs for dietetic students and practitioners.
Cystic adrenal masses in the neonate associated with hemihypertrophy and the relation to the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

AbstractWe report 2 cases of unilateral, multilocular, cystic adrenal masses in neonates. Both patients demonstrated somatic hemihypertrophy, which is considered to have the same implications as the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in terms of tumor risk. Pathological examination showed multiple, adrenal cysts without evidence of tumor or routine adrenal hemorrhage. This finding appears to represent a previously unreported association between the spectrum of hemihypertrophy/Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and benign cystic adrenal disease.
Case 2: Fever and Seizures in a 10-month-old Girl from Nigeria

1. Taylor Olmsted, MD* 2. Cory Showalter, MD* 1. *Riley Children’s Hospital, Indianapolis, IN. A 10-month-old Nigerian girl is brought to the emergency department (ED) by paramedics because of seizures. Earlier today, she had a staring spell and then developed tonic-clonic movements of her upper extremities. This episode lasted for approximately 10 to 15 minutes and resolved without any intervention. After she arrives, she has a second generalized seizure lasting 2 to 3 minutes, which resolves with intravenous lorazepam. Thirty minutes later she has another brief episode. She has had subjective fever for 1 day and cough for several days. In Nigeria, she had a past medical history of malaria. She immigrated to the United States 1 week ago. Her mother’s pregnancy and labor and delivery were unremarkable and the girl has been otherwise healthy, except for having received treatment for malaria at age 4 months. The child is fully vaccinated per Nigerian guidelines according to her mother. There is no family history of neurologic disorders. In the ED, her axillary temperature is 40.0°C (104°F), heart rate is 180 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 50 breaths per minute, blood pressure is 105/62 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation is 98% in room air. On physical examination, the sedated patient appears well and has no abnormal findings. Laboratory evaluation shows a white …
The insect central complex

Hordes of tourists flock to Washington, D.C. every spring to see the cherry trees blossom. Once in the city, they must find their way to the Tidal Basin where the Japanese trees grow. Fortunately, a number of visual landmarks can help them to navigate. In 1910, the United States Congress passed The Height of Buildings Act, limiting the elevation of commercial and residential structures in D.C. to 130 feet. Thus, the 555-foot-tall Washington Monument often looms large against the horizon, serving as an anchor point to help set the tourists' sense of direction. Once their heading is set, they can lose sight of the monument behind buildings or groups of tall Scandinavian visitors and still use their internal compass to navigate to the Basin. This compass keeps track of their paces and turns and updates their sense of where they are and where they need to go. Yet while their heading informs their actions, it does not dictate them. Tourists who have been to D.C. in the past can, for example, use remembered views to alter their routes to avoid crowds. On an even finer scale, their leg movements also depend on their current state - they might increase the frequency and length of their strides if hunger pangs compete with their desire to see cherry blossoms, for example. The way in which these disparate cues and motivations influence exploration is a neuroscience mystery across creatures large and small.
Integrins in Development

Publisher Summary More recently, considerable attention has focused on the roles played by several distinct families of adhesion molecules that are believed to mediate a variety of developmental and physiological processes. This chapter discusses the integrin function in development studies. It discusses the prospect of having to consider the potential involvement of a bewildering number of integrins that in humans include: 15 α subunits with four known alternatively spliced variants and 8 β subunits with five known splice variants, combining to form 27 distinct integrin receptor complexes. Many of these receptors have overlapping ligand-binding specificities. Some integrins also retain promiscuous binding activity in that they can recognize more than one type of ligand. In addition, it is now evident that some integrin receptors exhibit alternate ligand-binding specificities when expressed in different cellular backgrounds. Although the prospects of sorting all of these factors out within the context of a complex embryonic system are daunting, it is precisely these properties of integrins that make them particularly interesting to developmental biologists as the likely mediators of morphogenetic change.
Trauma-Informed Response in the Age of Title IX: Considerations for College Counselors Working With Survivors of Power-Based Personal Violence

Intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and stalking are pervasive in the United States, and college women are disproportionately affected by this power-based personal violence (PBPV). Title IX mandates that colleges and universities offer support services to trauma survivors, and college counselors should be prepared to meet this need. Therefore, this article serves to explore a diverse assortment of trauma-informed counseling techniques, based in feminist theory, for college counselors working with PBPV survivors.
Non-Resident Second Amendment Rights after Dearth v. Lynch

Two federal statutes have unwittingly resulted in depriving nonresident United States citizens of a constitutional right to bear arms. This article considers the background of the statutes, the rights and obligations of US Citizens abroad, and past jurisprudence on the Second Amendment. Through analysis of two types of scrutiny, one can consider how far to take the right to bear arms and determine how the right to bear arms should be treated for those who consciously give up permanent residency and live abroad.
The Relationship between Hope and Life Satisfaction among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: the Enhancing Effect of Self Efficacy

Among a sample of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) residing in an emergency shelter, this study (N = 115) examined the relationship between hope, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction. Specifically, the study sought to explore if hope independently accounted for unique variance in life satisfaction over self-efficacy. First, a principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to evaluate if the 3 theorized components were present in the sample. Results of the PCA indicated hope, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction indeed loaded as distinct components. Second, to further evaluate the distinctiveness of hope and self-efficacy, both were modeled sequentially to evaluate each’s relationship with life satisfaction. Results indicated that hope was associated with robust variance in life satisfaction over self-efficacy. The overall results are consistent with hope being a unique variable important to psychological wellbeing among a sample of IPV survivors. The results may suggest a need for additional research into hope based interventions with IPV survivors that target increases in hope as a therapeutic outcome.
Exploring the Current Usage and Preferences for Everyday Technology among People with Serious Mental Illnesses

ABSTRACTWhile literature reports people with serious mental illnesses can benefit from everyday technology, evidence supporting whether or not they are using it in their daily lives is limited. This study investigated what people with serious mental illness are using technology for, what they would like to use it for, and why they are currently not using particular features. Results indicated 97.1% of participants own or use a wireless device, 82.4% use text messaging, 64.7% use email, and 70.6% use voicemail. Implications for further research as well as implications for therapeutic interventions using technology are discussed.
Assessment and Treatment of Comorbid Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Anorexia nervosa and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have many overlapping features in the cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of the two disorders. This chapter examines the challenges presented by comorbid anorexia nervosa and OCD on assessment and treatment approaches. Finally, the chapter concludes with two examples, a child and adult, of the clinical presentation and treatment for anorexia nervosa and comorbid OCD.
Computational approach to address reduced modulation contrast in structured-illumination microscopy

A computational method to address reduction of modulation contrast due to depth-induced aberration in structured illumination microscopy is presented. This approach enables use of a modulating frequency higher than in a commercial approach within a 60-µm imaging depth.
The Life-Space Interview

This chapter describes an interview approach, the life-space interview, originated by Fritz Redl under specific conditions of practice with ego-disturbed children and contrasts it with traditional interview techniques found in clinical social work practice. The original psychoanalytic model from which this is borrowed is best suited, and was originally developed clinically, for the classical adult neurotic. Beginning in this way, the life-space approach was further experimented with at Pioneer House, a residential treatment home for boys, at the children's ward and residence at National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda at the University of Michigan Fresh Air Camp, a summer camp for disturbed boys from which setting the clinical material is drawn. The chapter examines the ways in which the behavioral episodes may be used by the clinician as potential content for life-space interviewing, and levels of function that have been tentatively worked out for this style of interview.
Sonification of scalp-recorded frequency-following responses (FFRs) offers improved response detection over conventional statistical metrics.

Abstract Background The human frequency-following response (FFR) is a neurophonic potential used to examine the brain’s encoding of complex sounds (e.g., speech) and monitor neuroplastic changes in auditory processing. Given the FFR’s low amplitude (order of nanovolts), current conventions in literature recommend collecting several thousand trials to obtain a robust evoked response with adequate signal-to-noise ratio. New method By exploiting the spectrotemporal fidelity of the response, we examined whether auditory playbacks (i.e., “sonifications”) of the neural FFR could be used to assess the quality of running recordings and provide a stopping rule for signal averaging. Results and comparison with existing method In a listening task over headphones, naive listeners detected speech-evoked FFRs within ∼500 sweeps based solely on their perception of the presence/absence of a tonal quality to the response. Moreover, response detection based on aural sonifications offered similar and in some cases a 2–3× improvement over objective statistical techniques proposed in the literature (i.e., MI, SNR, MSC, F-test, Corr ). Conclusions Our findings suggest that simply listening to FFR responses (sonifications) might offer a rapid technique to monitor real-time EEG recordings and provide a stopping rule to terminate signal averaging that performs comparably or better than current approaches.
Adrenal Insufficiency in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Patients Treated with Swallowed Topical Steroids.

Swallowed topical steroids (STS) are the only effective pharmacological therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Thus far, studies of small populations of EoE patients have reported conflicting results in relation to adrenal insufficiency (AI). We sought to measure AI in a clinical setting in children taking STS for EoE. We performed a quality improvement study of pediatric EoE patients seen in a multidisciplinary clinic, who were treated with STS for at least 3 months. Two hundred twenty-five patients completed questionnaires to assess for signs of AI. All patients were requested to have fasting morning cortisol levels completed and if abnormal (<5 μg/dL or 139 nmol/L) twice, endocrinology consultation, and low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test were performed. A peak stimulated cortisol level of <18 μg/dL or 500 nmol/L was diagnostic of AI. Five of 106 STS-treated EoE patients who had morning cortisol levels drawn had AI. All 5 of these patients had asthma and were on additional topica...
Modelling Quarterly Inventory Behavior In An Econometric Time Series Framework

A dynamic stochastic optimization of the soybean market is formulated under the assumption that a representative producer and consumer maximize their expected net cash flow in a quasi-rational expe...
Active Control of Centrifugal Compressor Rotating Stall

A mathematical model is developed to analyze the suppression of rotating stall in a low speed centrifugal compressor, thereby addressing the important need for centrifugal compressor rotating stall and surge control. In this model, the precursor to instability is a weak rotating potential velocity perturbation that eventually develops into a (mite disturbance. To suppress the growth of this potential disturbance, a rotating control vortical velocity disturbance is introduced into the impeller inlet flow. The effectiveness of this control is analyzed by matching the perturbation pressure in the compressor inlet and exit flow fields with a model for the unsteady behavior of the compressor. The model predicts that favorable extensions of the compressor operating range are possible with such a control system.
Increasing the liver donor pool through donation after cardiac death.

Objective: To determine whether the outcomes of liver transplantation (LTx) from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors are equivalent to those from donation after brain death (DBD) donors. Summary Background Data: Because of the significant donor organ shortage, more transplant centers are using livers recovered from DCD donors. However, long-term, single-center outcomes of liver transplantation from DCD donors are limited. Methods: From January 1, 1993, to July 31, 2002, 553 liver transplants were performed from DBD donors and 36 were performed from DCD donors. Differences in event rates between the groups were compared with Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. Differences in proportion and differences of means between the groups were compared with Fisher exact test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively. Results: Mean warm ischemic time at recovery in the DCD group was 17.8 ± 10.6 minutes. The overall rate of biliary strictures was greater in the DCD group at 1 year (33% versus 10%) and 3 years (37% versus 12%; P = 0.0001). The incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein stenosis/thrombosis, ischemic-type biliary stricture (ITBS), and primary nonfunction were similar between groups. However, the incidence of both hepatic artery stenosis (16.6% versus 5.4%; P = 0.001) and hepatic abscess and biloma formation (16.7% versus 8.3%; P = 0.04) were greater in the DCD group. Trends toward worse patient and graft survival and increased incidence of ITBS were seen in DCD donors greater than 40 years compared with DCD donors less than 40 years. Overall patient survival at 1 year (DCD, 80%; versus DBD, 91%) and 3 years (DCD, 68%; versus DBD, 84%) was significantly less in the DCD group (P = 0.002). Similarly, graft survival at 1 year (DCD, 67%; versus DBD, 86%) and 3 years (DCD, 56%; versus DBD, 80%) were significantly less in the DCD group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Despite similar rates of primary nonfunction, LTx after controlled DCD resulted in worse patient and graft survival compared with LTx after DBD and increased incidence of biliary complications and hepatic artery stenosis. However, overall results of LTx after controlled DCD are encouraging; and with careful donor and recipient selection, LTx after DCD may successfully increase the donor liver pool.
The Modern Presidency, Social Movements, and the Transformation of American Party Politics

This paper analyzes the important but elusive relationship between the modern presidency and social movements. Although the presidency-social movement nexus is fraught with tension, collaboration between the White House and social activists was indispensable to the important changes that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century. Focusing especially on Lyndon Johnson's uneasy but critical relationship to the Civil Rights movement and Ronald Reagan's enlistment of the Christian Right into the Republican Party, we trace the emergence of a novel form of politics since the 1960s that joins executive prerogative, grass roots insurgency, and party polarization. Johnson¹s efforts to leverage presidential power to advance Civil Rights played a critical role in recasting the relationship between national administration and social movements, one that paved the way for a national conservative offensive. The relationship forged between Johnson and the Civil Rights movement has echoes in the similar joining of the Reagan presidency and the Christian right, an executive-insurgency alliance that instigated the transformation of the Republican Party and spurred the development a new presidency-centered party system by the end of the 1980s.
Epstein-Barr virus, but not human cytomegalovirus, is associated with a high-grade human papillomavirus-associated cervical lesions among women in North Carolina.

Statement of the problem Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to contribute to cervical carcinogenesis, yet other cofactors that may contribute to oncogenesis are poorly understood. Herein, we examine whether the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV), two oncomodulatory viruses, are associated with HPV-mediated cervical neoplastic progression. Methods Sixty patient cervical brush samples from a study of North Carolina women were obtained. HPV RNA positivity was determined by Aptima testing (Hologic Corporation, Marlborough, MA). The level of viral transcripts for EBV and CMV was quantified (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis), and the coinfection status with HPV was then compared with the patient's cervical cytology grade. Results Over one-third (38.3%) of the study population was CMV positive, whereas 43.3% was EBV positive. When sample data were stratified by the cytology grade, 36.5% (19/52) of normal patients, 75% (3/4) of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 100% (4/4) of patients with high-grade SIL (HSIL) were EBV positive. Conversely, 35.2% (18/52) of normal patients, 25% (1/4) of patients with LSIL, and 50% (2/4) of patients with HSIL were CMV positive. When examining only HPV positive-associated HSIL, 100% (4/4) were positive for both HPV and EBV detection. This suggests that co-viral detection with HPV and EBV is associated with more advanced HSIL cervical lesions, while CMV displayed no clear association with a higher grade of cervical cytology. Conclusions Co-viral detection with EBV may increase the oncogenicity and/or serve as a viral marker of progression to HPV-associated high-grade cervical dysplasia.
Tibial fracture repair with angle‐stable interlocking nailing in 2 calves

Objective To report tibial fracture repairs with I-Loc angle-stable interlocking nails (AS-ILN) in 2 calves. Study design Clinical case reports. Animals One 5-day-old Holstein calf and one 3-month-old beefalo calf. Methods In a 50-kg Holstein calf, a proximal juxtametaphyseal comminuted tibial fracture with tibial tuberosity slab fracture was repaired with an 8-160-mm I-Loc nail and 2 cortical lag screws. In an 89-kg beefalo calf, a long oblique middiaphyseal tibial fracture was repaired with an 8-185-mm I-Loc nail and 5 double loop cerclage wires. In each case, an I-Loc AS-ILN was selected because unique biomechanical challenges precluded treatment with traditional osteosynthesis methods, such as external coaptation or plate fixation. Results No complications were diagnosed, and clinical union was documented 4 weeks after surgery in both cases. Axial growth continued in both calves, with no evidence of angular limb deformity at 7- and 6-month follow-up. Conclusion This is the first report describing the use of the I-Loc nail in a bovine species. This application led to uncomplicated healing of tibial fractures and continued growth in both young calves described here. Clinical significance Interlocking nailing may provide an effective and safe alternative for osteosynthesis of tibial fractures in young calves. Insertion of the AS-ILN across the center of the proximal tibial physis of a rapidly growing calf does not seem to alter its growth potential.
TRANSIENT REVERSE TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY RESEMBLING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AFTER DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is a common and usually well-tolerated diagnostic modality. However, the catecholamine surge during the stress portion might precipitate serious complications. A 30-year-old man with a strong family history of sudden cardiac death presented with acute chest
A Brief Screening Tool to Assess the Risk of Contracting HIV Infection Among Active Injection Drug Users.

Objective To incorporate preexposure prophylaxis and other biomedical or intensive behavioral interventions into the care of injection drug users (IDUs), health care providers need validated, rapid, risk screening tools for identifying persons at highest risk of incident HIV infection. Methods To develop and validate a brief screening tool for assessing the risk of contracting HIV (ARCH), we included behavioral and HIV test data from 1904 initially HIV-uninfected men and women enrolled and followed in the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience prospective cohort study between 1988 and 2008. Using logistic regression analyses with generalized estimating equations, we identified significant predictors of incident HIV infection, then rescaled and summed their regression coefficients to create a risk score. Results The final logistic regression model included age, engagement in a methadone maintenance program, and a composite injection risk score obtained by counting the number of the following 5 behaviors reported during the past 6 months: injection of heroin, injection of cocaine, sharing a cooker, sharing needles, or visiting a shooting gallery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.720; possible scores on the index ranged from 0 to 100 and a score 46 or greater had a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 42.5%, appropriate for a screening tool. Discussion We developed an easy to administer 7-question screening tool with a cutoff that is predictive of incident HIV infection in a large prospective cohort of IDUs in Baltimore. The ARCH-IDUs screening tool can be used to prioritize persons who are injecting illicit drugs for consideration of preexposure prophylaxis and other intensive HIV prevention efforts.
Developing Embedded Signature Assessments for Continuous Improvement in Teacher Education

The development and use of assessment systems to measure the performance and progress of teacher candidates and inform the continuous improvement of teacher education programs has been a longstandi...
A rare case of refractory asthma managed with azathioprine

Introduction: Azathioprine is an immune-modulating agent used in the management of autoimmune diseases and in preventing graft rejection. Its role in the management of refractory asthma is not very...
Current and future role of lipoprotein(a) in preventive cardiology.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to highlight our emerging understanding of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]'s role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), its structure-function relationship, and promising developments within the therapeutic pipeline. Recent findings Elevated levels of Lp(a) are strongly associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, calcific aortic valve stenosis, and ischemic stroke. With circulating levels almost exclusively genetically mediated, increased levels of Lp(a) contribute significantly to the residual cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with otherwise well controlled risk factors. The unique structure of Lp(a) - comprised of a genetically heterogeneous apolipoprotein(a) molecule bound to an LDL-like moiety - provides insight into its pathogenic role in cardiovascular disease and also complicates its accurate measurement. Emerging therapies targeting the apolipoprotein(a) component of Lp(a) have the potential to revolutionize the management of individuals with elevated Lp(a). Summary With promising therapies on the horizon, there has been a renewed focus on the role of Lp(a) in ASCVD. Given Lp(a)'s strong and independent association with key cardiovascular outcomes, it is hopeful that these promising targeted therapies will add another therapeutic option for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
The Far Side Opposite the Surgeon is Most Prone to Contamination From the C-Arm.

Objective:Fluoroscopy is used in many orthopaedic procedures. The C-Arm drape is known to be easily contaminated during orthogonal imaging. However, it is unknown if one area of the operative field is more prone to contamination than another. The purpose of this study was to determine if secondary t
Infection surveillance and prevention strategies to detect and prevent postaccess breast tissue expander infections

No standardized surveillance criteria exist for surgical site infection after breast tissue expander (BTE) access. This report provides a framework for defining postaccess BTE infections and identifies contributing factors to infection during the expansion period. Implementing infection prevention guidelines for BTE access may reduce postaccess BTE infections.
Pressure drop and heat transfer of flow boiling R134a in a dimpled flat duct

Abstract A test facility has been built up to investigate the pressure drop and heat transfer of flow boiling R134a in a dimpled flat duct. The experiments are conducted at mass flux from 102.2 to 205.0 kg m−2 s−1, heat flux from 2.3 to 9.3 kW m−2, pressure from 349.8 to 488.4 kPa and vapor quality from 0.05 to 0.95. The results show that the frictional pressure gradient increases with increasing vapor quality and mass flux, while decreases with a rise in pressure. The heat flux has little impact on the frictional pressure gradient. The flow boiling heat transfer coefficient decreases slightly first and then increases significantly with an increase in vapor quality, which is attributed to the combined contributions of nucleate boiling heat transfer and convective evaporation heat transfer. No dryout has been observed in the tested vapor quality region. The flow boiling heat transfer coefficient visibly increases with increasing mass flux and heat flux, while the rise in pressure just slightly increases the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient in low vapor quality region only. The comparisons with correlations for regular channels show that the dimpled flat duct has 3.9 to 8.3 times frictional pressure gradient and 1.3 to 3.0 times heat transfer coefficient.
The option to look: patient-centred pregnancy tissue viewing at independent abortion clinics in the United States

Abortion providers’ approaches to patient-centred pregnancy tissue viewing (PCV) – when a patient requests to see their products of conception – is understudied in abortion care. This mixed-method ...
Exploring the association between diabetes and breast cancer morbidity: considerations for quality care improvements among Latinas.

Objective Cancer and diabetes are two severe chronic illnesses that often co-occur. In cancer patients, diabetes increases the risk for treatment complexities and mortality. Yet patient-reported outcomes with co-occurring chronic illness are understudied. Design This preliminary study investigated the association of diabetes with breast cancer-related morbidity among underserved Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS). Participants 137 Latina BCS were recruited from the California Cancer Registry and hospitals.Setting and Main Outcome Measure(s): BCS completed a self-administered mailed questionnaire assessing demographic and medical characteristics e.g. Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results 28% Latina BCS reported co-occurring T2DM at twice the general population rate. Diabetes was most prevalent among Latina BCS > 65 years (43%). Latina BCS with diabetes were more likely to report advanced cancer staging at diagnosis (P = 0.036) and more lymphedema symptoms (P = 0.036). Results suggest non-significant but lower general health and greater physical functioning limitations among BCS with T2DM. Conclusions This study has relevance for precision population medicine by (i) consideration of routine diabetes screening in Latina BCS, (ii) underscoring attention to disease co-occurrence in treatment planning and care delivery and (iii) informing follow-up care and survivorship care planning e.g. patient self-management, oncology and primarily care surveillance and specialty care. Our findings can inform providers, survivors and caregivers about the impact of disease co-occurrence that influence clinically and patient responsive care for both initial treatment and long-term follow-up care to address disparities.
Landing A Mobile Robot Safely from Tall Walls Using Manipulator Motion Generated from Reinforcement Learning

A three-tracked-link robot was designed previously for autonomous welding inside double-hulled ship blocks with tight spaces and protruding stiffeners. Bilge blocks, a type of double-hulled blocks, have a tall wall at the entrance. Climbing down from this tall wall involves a risk of toppling as neither of the three links of the robot (front arm, body, and rear arm) is long enough to reach the ground from the wall top, and the robot carries a heavy manipulator for welding. Instead of being a burden, we explore the use of the manipulator motion to shift the center of gravity, helping the robot climbing down safely. In this paper, we proposed the use of reinforcement learning and physics-based computer simulation to determine suitable motion sequences for safe climbing down from a tall wall. We discovered two effective safe-landing modes that use both arms for major balancing acts and a manipulator for balance trimming during the controlled landing. The method also allowed us to explore the effect of other design factors such as the choice of manipulator size, manipulator motion type, and change in environment on the motion sequence.
Telematic Control and Semi-Freedom as a Response to the Pandemic: The Spanish Penitentiary System Experience

In response to the pandemic that started in early 2020, prison systems around the world have adopted various strategies to prevent the spread of Covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). In Spain, the m...
Quantifying the economic impact of disasters on businesses using human mobility data: a Bayesian causal inference approach

In recent years, extreme shocks, such as natural disasters, are increasing in both frequency and intensity, causing significant economic loss to many cities around the world. Quantifying the economic cost of local businesses after extreme shocks is important for post-disaster assessment and pre-disaster planning. Conventionally, surveys have been the primary source of data used to quantify damages inflicted on businesses by disasters. However, surveys often suffer from high cost and long time for implementation, spatio-temporal sparsity in observations, and limitations in scalability. Recently, large scale human mobility data (e.g. mobile phone GPS) have been used to observe and analyze human mobility patterns in an unprecedented spatio-temporal granularity and scale. In this work, we use location data collected from mobile phones to estimate and analyze the causal impact of hurricanes on business performance. To quantify the causal impact of the disaster, we use a Bayesian structural time series model to predict the counterfactual performances of affected businesses (what if the disaster did not occur?), which may use performances of other businesses outside the disaster areas as covariates. The method is tested to quantify the resilience of 635 businesses across 9 categories in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. Furthermore, hierarchical Bayesian models are used to reveal the effect of business characteristics such as location and category on the long-term resilience of businesses. The study presents a novel and more efficient method to quantify business resilience, which could assist policy makers in disaster preparation and relief processes.
Examining the effect of explanation on satisfaction and trust in AI diagnostic systems.

BACKGROUND Artificial Intelligence has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, and it is increasingly being deployed to support and assist medical diagnosis. One potential application of AI is as the first point of contact for patients, replacing initial diagnoses prior to sending a patient to a specialist, allowing health care professionals to focus on more challenging and critical aspects of treatment. But for AI systems to succeed in this role, it will not be enough for them to merely provide accurate diagnoses and predictions. In addition, it will need to provide explanations (both to physicians and patients) about why the diagnoses are made. Without this, accurate and correct diagnoses and treatments might otherwise be ignored or rejected. METHOD It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of these explanations and understand the relative effectiveness of different kinds of explanations. In this paper, we examine this problem across two simulation experiments. For the first experiment, we tested a re-diagnosis scenario to understand the effect of local and global explanations. In a second simulation experiment, we implemented different forms of explanation in a similar diagnosis scenario. RESULTS Results show that explanation helps improve satisfaction measures during the critical re-diagnosis period but had little effect before re-diagnosis (when initial treatment was taking place) or after (when an alternate diagnosis resolved the case successfully). Furthermore, initial "global" explanations about the process had no impact on immediate satisfaction but improved later judgments of understanding about the AI. Results of the second experiment show that visual and example-based explanations integrated with rationales had a significantly better impact on patient satisfaction and trust than no explanations, or with text-based rationales alone. As in Experiment 1, these explanations had their effect primarily on immediate measures of satisfaction during the re-diagnosis crisis, with little advantage prior to re-diagnosis or once the diagnosis was successfully resolved. CONCLUSION These two studies help us to draw several conclusions about how patient-facing explanatory diagnostic systems may succeed or fail. Based on these studies and the review of the literature, we will provide some design recommendations for the explanations offered for AI systems in the healthcare domain.
Practical Application of Half-Scale Patterning for Online Digital Textile Design Procedures

Half-scale: pattern drafting, muslin mock-ups, and garments have been utilized throughout the history of apparel design for various reasons. New possibilities of how traditional half-scale use can be reinterpreted to suit the needs of the digital user are of interest, especially to those involved in online design studios. The purpose of this pilot study was to first work in half scale to: (a) flat pattern an ensemble, (b) mock up the muslin, and (c) digitize the pattern pieces and engineer the textile print. Then print and construct the ensemble in full scale to analyze the translation of half scale to full scale and to measure the ease and practicality of the half scale digitizing process. This practice based study proposes a model for the online designer to use common design software to develop an alternative approach to digitizing patterns which will allow for quicker design time and more designer responsibility.
Engineering temporal dynamics in microbial communities.

Microbial communities are a key part to tackling global challenges in human health, environmental conservation, and sustainable agriculture in the coming decade. Recent advances in synthetic biology to study and modify microbial communities have led to important insights into their physiology and ecology. Understanding how targeted changes to microbial communities result in reproducible alterations of the community’s intrinsic fluctuations and function is important for mechanistic reconstruction of microbiomes. Studies of synthetic microbial consortia and comparative analysis of communities in normal and disrupted states have revealed ecological principles that can be leveraged to engineer communities towards desired functions. Tools enabling temporal modulation and sensing of the community dynamics offer precise spatiotemporal control of functions, help to dissect microbial interaction networks, and improve predictions of population temporal dynamics. Here we discuss recent advances to manipulate microbiome dynamics through control of specific strain engraftment and abundance, modulation of cell-cell signaling for tuning population dynamics, infiltration of new functions in the existing community with in situ engineering, and in silico modeling of microbial consortia to predict community function and ecology.
Autoencoder Model for OFDM-Based Optical Wireless Communications Systems Employing Augmented Communications

An Autoencoder model for augmented communications based OWC is im- plemented for systems that utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Simulation results demonstrate the viability of engineered features and deep learning techniques in OWC.