cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
William Jennings Bryan and the Social Gospel

O NE of the important leaders of the Progressive era who until recently has fared rather poorly at the hands of historians is William Jennings Bryan. Most of the writing about him, including the biographical, has been unsatisfactory. An occasional scholarly article has been the exception. In the last few years, however, the story is different, and one can expect a new Bryan image to appear as a result of scholarly work recently produced or now in process.1 One area in which the present writer feels more work needs to be done concerns Bryan's contribution as an advocate of the social gospel or, as Bryan called it, applied Christianity. The purpose here is to explore the background and development of Bryan's Christian social concern and his ideas on how this concern should be carried out in the application of Christian social teachings to the problems of society. This will involve to some extent the question of his relations with the advocates of the social gospel and incidentally with the Fundamentalists. One of the curious things about Bryan was his combination of political and economic liberalism with religious conservatism. He was aware of what, to many, seemed to be a contradiction in his life. While attending the Presbyterian General Assembly at Columbus, Ohio in May 1925, shortly before the Scopes trial and the Commoner's subsequent death, Bryan stated to a newspaper reporter: "People often ask me why I can be a progressive in politics and a fundamentalist in religion. The answer is easy. Government is man made and therefore imperfect.... If Christ is the final word, how may any one be progressive in religion? I am satisfied with the God
Nicotine Patch Use in the General Population: Results From the 1993 California Tobacco Survey

BACKGROUND Evidence from controlled clinical trials indicates that use of a transdermal nicotine patch improves abstinence rates up to a year after initial smoking cessation. Whether these results can be generalized to the general population has not been extensively investigated. PURPOSE We sought to determine what characteristics of smokers trying to quit are associated with nicotine patch use in the general population and whether there is evidence that patch use promotes successful smoking cessation. METHODS As part of the 1993 California Tobacco Survey, 3281 respondents who had attempted to quit smoking cigarettes within the last year were asked whether they had used a prescribed medication to help them quit smoking and, if so, what type of medication it was. They were also asked whether they used other assistance. RESULTS Compared with nonusers, patch users (nearly 11% of quitters) were more likely to be female, white or Asian, middle-aged, and to smoke more heavily. Many people relapsed to smoking while they were still using a patch. However, no evidence suggested that the patch was addictive. Use of a nicotine patch did not result in a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates among those who did not also use some other form of assistance (logrank test, P = .466). It did make a statistically significant difference when used in combination with another aid (logrank test, P = .017). At 6 months, abstinence rates were 15% for those without other forms of assistance whether or not they used a patch, 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.1-16.8) for those with other assistance who did not use a patch, and 18.8% (95% CI = 5.7-31.8) for those with other assistance who did use a patch. CONCLUSIONS The nicotine patch appears to be an important aid to smokers who want to quit, primarily when used as an adjuvant to other forms of assistance. IMPLICATIONS Further studies are needed to determine what factors are associated with quitting success among patch users.
Graphene-Based Materials Functionalized with Elastin-like Polypeptides

Graphene-based materials commonly require functionalization for biological applications in order to control their physical/colloidal properties and to introduce additional capabilities, such as stimuli-responsiveness and affinity to specific biomolecules. Here, we functionalized CVD-grown graphene and graphene oxide with a genetically engineered elastin-like polypeptide fused to a graphene binding peptide and then showed that the resulting hybrid materials exhibit thermo- and photoresponsive behaviors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our genetic engineering strategy allows for the facile introduction of bioactivity to reduced graphene oxide. The stimuli-responsiveness and genetic tunability of our graphene–protein nanocomposites are attractive for addressing future biomedical applications.
A Human-Robot Speech Interface for an Autonomous Marine Teammate

There is current interest in creating human-robot teams in which a human operator is in its own conveyance teaming up with several autonomous teammates. In this work we focus on human-robot teamwork in the marine environment as it is challenging and can serve as a surrogate for other environments. Marine elements such as wind speed, air temperature, water, obstacles, and ambient noise can have drastic implications for team performance. Our goal is to create a human-robot system that can join many humans and many robots together to cooperatively perform tasks in such challenging environments. In this paper, we present our human-robot speech dialog system and compare participant responses to having human versus autonomous vehicle teammates escorting and holding station at locations of interest.
Kent mixture model for classification of remote sensing data on spherical manifolds

Modern remote sensing imaging sensor technology provides detailed spectral and spatial information that enables precise analysis of land cover usage. From a research point of view, traditional widely used statistical models are often limited in the sense that they do not incorporate some of the useful directional information contained in the feature vectors, and hence alternative modeling methods are required. In this paper, use of cosine angle information and its embedding onto a spherical manifold is investigated. The transformation of remote sensing images onto a unit spherical manifold is achieved by using the recently proposed spherical embedding approach. Spherical embedding is a method that computes high-dimensional local neighborhood preserving coordinates of data on constant curvature manifolds. We further develop a novel Kent mixture model for unsupervised classification of embedded cosine pixel coordinates. A Kent distribution is one of the natural models for multivariate data on a spherical surface. Parameters for the model are estimated using the Expectation-Maximization procedure. The mixture model is applied to two different Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data that were acquired from the Tippecanoe County in Indiana. The results obtained present insights on cosine pixel coordinates and also serve as a motivation for further development of new models to analyze remote sensing images in spherical manifolds.
Operation of high-speed silicon photonic micro-disk modulators at cryogenic temperatures

We demonstrate the operation of silicon micro-disk modulators at temperatures as low as 3.8K. We characterize the steady-state and high-frequency performance and look at the impact of doping concentration.
Basic Research in Materials Science Industry, University, or Government?

A discussion of the optimum balance of the research effort among industry, universities, and Government, with particular reference to the coupling problem, i.e. the rapid application of the fruits of research to the National needs.
Steepest descent opportunistic MIMO radar: spectrum sharing design

Opportunistic radar appeared recently as a solution for opening more spectrum for future radar applications. Opportunistic radar harnesses spectrum opportunities and transmits without causing intermittent interference to incumbent applications. We propose a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar pre-coder design that enables spectrum sharing with long-term-evolution (LTE) base stations. In the proposed design, pre-coder settings are configured continuously using a steepest descent (SD) approach given certain interference constraints. The presented designs have lower computational complexity compared to other designs proposed in literature. We construct the SD based MIMO radar and analyze its performance.
Single particle fluorescence analysis on demand on electro-optofluidic chip with gated particle delivery

Electronic feedback enables introduction of single microbeads and DNA molecules into a liquid-core waveguide through a micro/nanopore. Subsequent fluorescence detection from a controlled number of individual particles is demonstrated, enabling single particle analysis on demand.
Sensors for safe, collaborative robots in smart manufacturing

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing performance metrics for collaborative robotic systems for smart manufacturing applications. Using a suite of sensor platforms, feedback mechanisms, and novel test artifacts, NIST seeks to provide industry with the means to characterize the performance of robots working collaboratively with humans and other robots. This report serves to outline the applications, requirements, and developmental opportunities for the sensors being used toward this effort. Sensing for safety, human-robot interaction, human-machine interfaces, and multirobot coordination performance are discussed.
Broken Idols of the English Reformation

I tend not to amass books, because I move a fair amount, and books are heavy. There is, however, one scholarly book I have always regretted not owning: Margaret Aston’s England’s Iconoclasts: Laws ...
Microfluidics: technologies and applications

Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of the area of microfluidics in the context of microdevices and systems. The chapter begins with a historical perspective and an introduction to major microfluidic schemes based on fluidic mechanisms. It is followed by a concise review of the present state of technology, including fabrication technologies, interconnect approaches, and mainstream applications such as chemical and environmental, energy, biological and biomedical. Towards the end of the chapter, a short commentary discusses likely trends, challenges, and other aspects of consideration for the future, primarily from engineering and technology perspectives.
Radiological Gastrointestinal Interventions in Childhood; A Review

Interventional radiology in children has expanded progressively over the recent years. This chapter outlines the more commonly performed procedures, describing the indications, imaging highlights and technical aspects of such pediatric gastrointestinal interventions.
Microgrid Stability Improvement using a Fuzzy-Based PSS Design for Virtual Synchronous Generator

In this paper, a fuzzy logic Power System Stabilizer (FL-PSS) is designed for the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) to improve the damping of the electromechanical low frequency oscillations during system disturbances. The Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is designed and optimized using a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA) to deal with the drawbacks of the conventional PSS design without losing the control simplicity. The proposed FL-PSS uses the rotor speed deviation as an input for the controller and generates a supplementary control signal based on Tagaki-Sugeno (T-S) technique. To validate the robustness of the proposed controller, a microgrid comprising multiple VSGs is simulated and studied. Comparing the results obtained by the proposed GA-based controller with conventional controllers obviously demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed controller under different system disturbances and faults scenarios.
Gender Equality and Sentencing Outcomes: An Examination of State Courts:

The current study examined whether measures of structural gender equality conditioned the effects of defendant gender on incarceration decisions. Using data from the State Court Processing Statisti...
High Efficiency Drug Repurposing Design for New Antifungal Agents.

Current antifungal interventions have often limited efficiency in treating fungal pathogens, particularly those resistant to commercial drugs or fungicides. Antifungal drug repurposing is an alternative intervention strategy, whereby new utility of various marketed, non-antifungal drugs could be repositioned as novel antifungal agents. In this study, we investigated “chemosensitization” as a method to improve the efficiency of antifungal drug repurposing, wherein combined application of a second compound (viz., chemosensitizer) with a conventional, non-antifungal drug could greatly enhance the antifungal activity of the co-applied drug. Redox-active natural compounds or structural derivatives, such as thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol), 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol, or 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, could serve as potent chemosensitizers to enhance antifungal activity of the repurposed drug bithionol. Of note, inclusion of fungal mutants, such as antioxidant mutants, could also facilitate drug repurposing efficiency, which is reflected in the enhancement of antifungal efficacy of bithionol. Bithionol overcame antifungal (viz., fludioxonil) tolerance of the antioxidant mutants of the human/animal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Altogether, our strategy can lead to the development of a high efficiency drug repurposing design, which enhances the susceptibility of pathogens to drugs, reduces time and costs for new antifungal development, and abates drug or fungicide resistance.
Classes of receptors, their signaling pathways, and their synthesis and transport

Abstract This chapter provides basic information on how a few embryonic cells can form a big brain that contains over 1011 neurons and about the same number of glial cells, and that is able of doing amazing things. Receptors will be defined as will their binding partners, ligands/trophic factors. Receptors and trophic factors are key elements in the evolution and development of the big brain. The different families of signaling plasma membrane and cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors will be described as will nutrient receptors. The types of signaling mechanisms employed by both plasma membrane and cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors are discussed, as is the mechanism of synthesis of secretory and integral membrane proteins including receptors and many trophic factors.
Computational Models of Neuromodulation

Neuromodulatory systems serve a special meta-processing role in the brain. Due to their anatomical privileges of having massively extensive arborization patterns throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and to their physiological capacity of finely controlling how other neurons communicate with each other and plasticize, they are ideally positioned to regulate the way information is acquired, processed, utilized, and stored in the brain. As such, neuromodulation has been a fertile ground for computational models for neural information processing, which have strived to explain not only how the major neuromodulators coordinate to enable normal sensory, motor, and cognitive functions but also how dysfunctions arise in psychiatric and neurological conditions when these neuromodulatory systems are impaired.
Microsurgical resection of petroclival meningiomas by trans-suboccipital retrosigmoid suprameatal approach

Objective To study the removal technique and operative experience in the microsurgieal resection of petroclival meningiomas by trans-suboccipital retresigmoid suprameatal approach ( TSRSA), to improve the rote of total resection of tumors and the postoperative results. Methods The consecutive twenty-three eases of petroclival meningiomas treated from Jan. 2003 to Jun. 2007 by microsurgical technique using standard TSRSA were reviewed retrospectively. The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.8 to 5.7 cm ( mean 3.9cm). The main parts of all tumors were located in posterior fossa. The tumor control rate, postoperative neurological deficit and functional status were assessed by Kamofsky Performance Score (KIXS) to evaluate the indications, advantages and disadvantages of TSRSA. Results The gross total tumor resection was achieved in 19 patients (83%) ,subtotal in 4 cases( 17% ). The new functional deficit of cranial nerves were found in 3 patients ( 13% ). There was no mortality with relation to operation or decrease in KPS was observed at the discharge. One case was complicated by midbrain hemorrhage, one ease with subcutaneous hydrocele. Conclusion This approach is suitable for petroclival meningiomas mainly in posterior fossa with extension to middle fossa (type Ⅱ ) to improve the rate of total resection of tumors and the postoperative results, and to decrease the postoperative functional deficit of cranial nerves. Key words: Petroclival meningioma; Micresurgery; TSRSA
A Clash of Policies: Arthur Andersen vs. The Department of Justice

Andersen's demise in an already concentrated market for the provision of auditing services to large public firms is expected to increase market power and the prices of auditing services. This paper first documents the increase in concentration. Since Andersen's exit was driven by a choice of public policy, an appropriate reference point for appraising the concentration changes is the Department of Justice's 1992 Merger Guidelines' delineation of acceptable concentration levels and changes. These suggest that Andersen's disappearance, viewed as if it were a horizontal merger, would have violated those Guidelines. Consistent with this prediction, we find evidence of anticompetitive price changes for auditing services. Percent changes in audit fees are found to be significantly correlated with percent changes in market concentration, and former Andersen clients are shown to have faced significantly larger increases in their audit fees than other firms that changed auditors within the same time period. The paper concludes that the policy of putting Andersen out of business has foreclosed future policy options for the government in its dealings with the accounting industry, the structure of which is now more vulnerable to both criminal and catastrophic civil litigation.
Seeing Red: The Inside Nature of the Queer Outsider in Anne of Green Gables and The Well of Loneliness

This essay compares Anne of Green Gables by L.M. Montgomery to Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness, arguing that the uncanny resemblances between the protagonists’ feelings of queerness, perceptions of body, love for nature and women, and intellectual gifts suggest influence. Stephen Gordon’s high-strung, keenly self-conscious temperament; acute nerves and heightened passions; status as a social outcast; love of heroic and tragic fiction; and scholarly brilliance: all are qualities of Anne Shirley. Anne and Stephen are studies of early emotional deprivation and loneliness, and both characters passionately identify with places and even trees, strong symbols of primitive natures. As odd girls ready for serious educational training, they deconstruct unnaturalness in girls and women who act in accordance with their nature.
Parallel ascending spinal pathways for affective touch and pain

Each day we experience myriad somatosensory stimuli: hugs from loved ones, warm showers, a mosquito bite, and sore muscles after a workout. These tactile, thermal, itch, and nociceptive signals are detected by peripheral sensory neuron terminals distributed throughout our body, propagated into the spinal cord, and then transmitted to the brain through ascending spinal pathways. Primary sensory neurons that detect a wide range of somatosensory stimuli have been identified and characterized. In contrast, very little is known about how peripheral signals are integrated and processed within the spinal cord and conveyed to the brain to generate somatosensory perception and behavioral responses. We tackled this question by developing new mouse genetic tools to define projection neuron (PN) subsets of the anterolateral pathway, a major ascending spinal cord pathway, and combining these new tools with advanced anatomical, physiological, and behavioral approaches. We found that Gpr83+ PNs, a newly identified subset of spinal cord output neurons, and Tacr1+ PNs are largely non-overlapping populations that innervate distinct sets of subnuclei within the lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBNL) of the pons in a zonally segregated manner. In addition, Gpr83+ PNs are highly sensitive to cutaneous mechanical stimuli, receive strong synaptic inputs from primary mechanosensory neurons, and convey tactile information bilaterally to the PBNL in a non-topographically organized manner. Remarkably, Gpr83+ mechanosensory limb of the anterolateral pathway controls behaviors associated with different hedonic values (appetitive or aversive) in a scalable manner. Our study reveals a dedicated spinal cord output pathway that conveys affective touch signals to the brain as well as parallel ascending circuit modules that cooperate to convey tactile, thermal and noxious cutaneous signals from the spinal cord to the brain. Furthermore, our study provides an insight into the new therapeutic opportunities for developing treatments for neurological disorders associated with pain and affective touch. This work was supported by the Alice and Joseph E. Brooks Funds (S.C.), the Blavatnik Biomedical Accelerator Fund (S.C., D.G), NIH grants NS097344 and AT011447 (D.G.), AR063772 (S.R.), NS096705 (H.K.), the Bertarelli Foundation (D.G.), The Hock E. Tan and Lisa Yang Center for Autism Research at Harvard University (D.G.) and the Edward R. and Anne G. Lefler Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (D.G). D.G. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Bayesian analysis for estimating statistical parameter distributions of elasto-viscoplastic material models

Abstract High temperature design methods rely on constitutive models for inelastic deformation and failure typically calibrated against the mean of experimental data without considering the associated scatter. Variability may arise from the experimental data acquisition process, from heat-to-heat material property variations, or both and need to be accurately captured to predict parameter bounds leading to efficient component design. Applying the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to produce statistical models capturing the underlying uncertainty in the experimental data is an area of ongoing research interest. This work varies aspects of the Bayesian MCMC method and explores their effect on the posterior parameter distributions for a uniaxial elasto-viscoplastic damage model using synthetically generated reference data. From our analysis with the uniaxial inelastic model we determine that an informed prior distribution including different types of test conditions results in more accurate posterior parameter distributions. The parameter posterior distributions, however, do not improve when increasing the number of similar experimental data. Additionally, changing the amount of scatter in the data affects the quality of the posterior distributions, especially for the less sensitive model parameters. Moreover, we perform a sensitivity study of the model parameters against the likelihood function prior to the Bayesian analysis. The results of the sensitivity analysis help to determine the reliability of the posterior distributions and reduce the dimensionality of the problem by fixing the insensitive parameters. The comprehensive study described in this work demonstrates how to efficiently apply the Bayesian MCMC methodology to capture parameter uncertainties in high temperature inelastic material models. Quantifying these uncertainties in inelastic models will improve high temperature engineering design practices and lead to safer, more effective component designs.
Paresthesia-Based Versus High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Retrospective, Real-World, Single-Center Comparison.

Objective Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become a common treatment modality for chronic pain of various etiologies. Over the past two decades, significant technological evolution has occurred in the SCS space, and this includes high-frequency (10 kHz) stimulation. Level I evidence exists reporting superiority of 10 kHz SCS over traditional SCS, however, conflicting reports have been published. The primary objective was to report site-collected real-world patient reported percentage improvement in pain scale (PR-PIPS) with traditional SCS and 10 kHz SCS from a single, academic medical center. Materials and methods This study was a single-center retrospective review to determine PR-PIPS of traditional SCS and 10 kHz SCS in those patients implanted for at least 12 months. Data were collected by two independent physicians not involved with the implant surgery to minimize bias in the data collection process. PR-PIPS and other clinical variables were abstracted either via chart review or via phone call for patients who were at least 12 months post-implant at the last clinical follow-up. Results A total of 163 implanted patients (traditional stimulation n = 85; high-frequency stimulation n = 78) were identified. Twenty-two explants (traditional stimulation n = 10; high-frequency stimulation n = 12) were performed (13.5%). Seventy-five total remaining SCS implants utilizing traditional stimulation and 66 total remaining SCS implants utilizing high-frequency stimulation were included. There was no difference in PR-PIPS between traditional stimulation (50.6% ± 30.1%) and high-frequency stimulation (47.6% ± 31.5%) in the adjusted linear regression model in a variety of implant indications (p = 0.399). There was no difference in frequency of patient categorization into various thresholds of percentage pain relief based on type of stimulation. The most common reasons for explant were loss of efficacy (50.0%) and infection (40.0%) in the traditional cohort, and loss of efficacy (58.3%) in the high-frequency cohort. Conclusions This study adds further evidence to the published literature that successful long-term results can be achieved with SCS. Our retrospective analysis did not find a statistically significant difference in PR-PIPS between traditional stimulation and high-frequency stimulation in a variety of indications over an average follow-up of nearly two years. Notably, there were statistically significant differences in treatment indications and primary sites of pain between the two patient cohorts, and this should be considered when interpreting the results.
Reclaiming Our Health: A Guide to African American Wellness

According to the federal Office of Minority Health, African Americans 'are affected by serious diseases and health conditions at far greater rates than other Americans'. In fact, African Americans suffer an estimated 85,000 excess deaths every year from diseases we know how to prevent: heart disease, stroke, cancer, high blood pressure, and diabetes. In this important and accessible book, Dr. Michelle Gourdine provides African Americans with the knowledge and guidance they need to take charge of their wellbeing. "Reclaiming Our Health" begins with an overview of the primary health concerns facing African Americans and explains who is at greatest risk of illness. Expanding on her career and life experiences as an African American physician, Dr. Gourdine presents key insights into the ways African American culture shapes health choices - how beliefs, traditions, and values can influence eating choices, exercise habits, and even the decision to seek medical attention. She translates extensive research into practical information and presents readers with concrete steps for achieving a healtheir lifestyle, as well as strategies for navigating the health-care system. This interactive guide with illustrations is a vital resource for every African American on how to live a healthier and more empowered life, and an indispensable handbook for health-care providers, policy makers, and others working to close the health gap among people of colour. Says Gourdine, 'I wrote this book to empower our community to solve our own health problems and save our own lives'.
Impact of Diet and Genetic Induced Obesity on the Stool Metabolome of Tumor Prone Mice

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. It is unclear whether this association is driven by metabolic interactions and adaptations to chronic high fat “Western Diet” exposure or excess adiposity. To expound on this association, we characterized the stool metabolome of tumor-prone Apc1638N made obese by high fat (HF) feeding or the presence of an obesogenic mutation (DbDb). Untargeted metabolomic profiling of stool identified 415 metabolites. Forty-nine metabolites were significantly altered in HF mice and 41 metabolites in Dbdb mice compared to LF mice (P<0.05). Five metabolites were significantly lower in both comparisons to LF mice: arachidic acid, adenosine, caproic acid, 2-oxindole-3-acetate, tyrosyl-glycine. Pathway analysis showed changes pyruvate metabolism and gluconeogenesis (adj. P<0.05) identified by significant decreases in lactate and malate in HF compared to LF mice. Sphingosine, sphinganine, and secondary bile acid, lithocholate, were significantly reduced in Dbdb...
Chapter 9. Antithrombotic Agents

Publisher Summary The impact of thrombosis on mortality and morbidity in western civilization is considerable. Arterial thrombosis plays a role in acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and in the growth and terminal occlusion of the atherosclerotic lesion. Pulmonary embolism, resulting from venous thrombosis, is a major threat to life in the post-operative state and is a frequent cause of death among hospitalized adult patients. Furthermore, two or more episodes of non-fatal pulmonary embolism are estimated for every fatal episode. Thromhoembolism, induced by the contact of blood with foreign surfaces, is a serious problem in the use of prosthetic devices implanted within the heart and blood vessels or for extracorporeal circulation. Enhanced formation of the platelet aggregates in the small peripheral vessels may be a cause of increased vascular resistance, thereby inducing pathology in a variety of diseases, among which are hyper-tension, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Medical treatment of thrombosis may be divided into three distinct areas: platelet suppression, anti-coagulant, and fibrinolytic therapy. Drugs used in these areas were last reviewed in this series three years ago. This chapter discusses the progress made since that time. The chapter also discusses platelets and platelet aggregation inhibitors; symptoms of abnormal platelet behavior— how this is the marker of thromboembolic disease, myocardial ischaemia, unstable angina pectoris, cerebral infarction, and some other diseases —and also the crucial role played by platelets in these diseases. In recent years, therapeutic approaches to the problem of thrombosis, particularly arterial thrombosis, have increasingly focused on the inhibition of platelet aggregation. The chapter discusses the compounds that have been reported to influence platelet aggregation— that is, prostacyclin and analogues, thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and thromboxane antagonist, aspirin, sulfinpyrazone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and miscellaneous agents —their structure, doses, and effects. The chapter discusses anticoagulants— administration, doses, and effects —and also gives a note on the efficacy of fibrinolytic agents.
Elevated Pulmonary Artery Pressure by Doppler Echocardiography Predicts Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Mortality in Ambulatory Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Soul Study

Objectives We compared the predictive ability of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and end-diastolic pulmonary regurgitation (EDPR) gradients in outpatients with coronary artery disease. Background The TR and EDPR gradients, in conjunction with right atrial pressure, provide Doppler estimates of pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressures. We hypothesized that increases in TR or EDPR gradients in stable coronary artery disease would predict heart failure (HF) hospitalization or cardiovascular (CV) death. Methods We measured TR and EDPR gradients in 717 adults with completed outcome adjudications who were recruited for the Heart and Soul Study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for HF hospitalization, CV death, all-cause death, and the combined end point. Multivariate adjustments were made for age, gender, race, history of CV or pulmonary disease, functional class, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Results There were 63 HF hospitalizations, 19 CV deaths, and 86 all-cause deaths at the 3-year follow-up. There were 466 measurable EDPR gradients and 573 measurable TR gradients. Age-adjusted ORs for EDPR >5 mm Hg predicted HF hospitalization (2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.5, p = 0.006), all-cause death (2.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.4, p = 0.002), and HF hospitalization or CV death (2.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.2, p = 0.004). Age-adjusted OR for TR >30 mm Hg predicted HF hospitalization (3.4, 95% CI 1.9 to 6.2, p Conclusions Increases in EDPR or TR gradients predict HF hospitalization or CV death among ambulatory adults with coronary artery disease.
The Use of Hypnosis in Behavioral Dental Medicine

This paper involves the case of a 26-year old female who presented with a 5-year history of chronic pain that had now localized to the right mandibular side of her face. Over the course of the 5 years, she had seen 28 different physicians or dentists who performed a wide variety of procedures including multiple occlusal adjustments, multiple endodontic procedures, multiple drug therapies, and, finally, surgery; all of which resulted in no or brief amelioration of her pain. The paper focuses on the use of hypnosis in conjunction with other psychotherapeutic approaches to alleviate the pain. In addition, the presentation will discuss the status of psychological approaches in the dental community with regard to myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome.
Potential availability of sedimentary phosphorus to sediment resuspension in Florida Bay

the central bay. The spatial pattern of TSP is consistent with distribution of both seagrass and phytoplankton that are limited by available phosphorus in Florida Bay. Among the five pools, the authigenic carbonate fluorapatite, biogenic apatite and CaCO3-bound phosphorus account for the largest fraction (45%) of TSP, of which inorganic phosphorus is the dominant form, and organic phosphorus accounts for about 30% in the western and north central regions and less than 10% in other areas of Florida Bay. The second largest pools are the refractory organic phosphorus (24% of TSP) and reductant-soluble inorganic phosphorus (19% of TSP). Readily exchangeable phosphorus accounts for 8% of TSP, of which organic phosphorus is 60%. Detrital apatite phosphorus of igneous or metamorphic origin represents the smallest fraction, only 5% of TSP. Spatial distribution of phosphorus and iron in sediments indicates that external sources of these two essential plant nutrients to Florida Bay are spatially separated with phosphorus introduced by west coast waters across the western margin of Florida Bay and iron from freshwater flow into the eastern region. INDEX TERMS: 1030 Geochemistry: Geochemical cycles (0330); 1050 Geochemistry: Marine geochemistry (4835, 4850); 4805 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Biogeochemical cycles (1615); 4845 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Nutrients and nutrient cycling; KEYWORDS: Florida Bay, phosphorus, sediment
System impact characteristics of cyber services, security mechanisms, and attacks with implications in cyber system survivability

Three types of activities may run on computer and network systems at the same time: services, security mechanisms, and attacks. Computer and network systems should sustain legitimate cyber services even under attacks. In this study, system impacts of services, security mechanisms and attacks are investigated and used to develop strategies for system survivability. Experiments are conducted to collect system dynamics data under two services of voice communication and motion detection, two security mechanisms of data encryption and intrusion detection, and five cyber attacks. Statistical analyses are performed on the experimental data to identify system-wide impacts of services, security mechanisms and attacks on system activities, state and performance. The analytical results reveal the system impact characteristics of these services, security mechanisms, and attacks on IO and file operations and bytes, page and cache faults, memory usage, CPU usage, and network traffic. The competition for system resources by all the activities in the system manifests themselves predominantly in their competition for limited CPU time. This competition for limited CPU time can be used as a strategy to ensure system survivability by increasing the activity level of legitimate services to leave less CPU time for attacks and thus suppress the level and system impacts of attacks while sustaining CPU time for legitimate services.
Frank Discussion of the Status of Ground-State Orbital-Free DFT

Abstract F.E. Harris has been a significant partner in our work on orbital-free density functional approximations for use in ab initio molecular dynamics. Here we mention briefly the essential progress in single-point functionals since our original paper (2006). Then we focus on the advantages and limitations of generalized gradient approximation (GGA) noninteracting kinetic energy (KE) functionals. We reconsider the constraints provided by near-origin conditions in atomic-like systems and their relationship to regularized versus physical external potentials. Then we seek the best empirical GGA for the noninteracting KE for a modest-sized set of molecules with well-defined near-origin behavior of their densities. The search is motivated by a desire for insight into GGA limitations and for a target for constraint-based development.
CAT SCRATCH DISEASE: NONBACTERIAL REGIONAL LYMPHADENITIS: The Study of 145 Patients and a Review of the Literature

Of 145 patients with nonbacterial lymphadenitis observed over a period of 10 years, 115 had clinical cat scratch disease (CSD) with a positive cat scratch antigen skin test. In this group 86% had a typical benign course of CSD; the remaining 16 (14%) had an atypical form. These unusual forms were: Parinaud9s oculoglandular syndrome in 7, encephalopathy in 3, atypical pneumonia in 2, and recurrent suppurative lymphadenopathy in 1. Two typical cases occurred after a dog scratch or bite, and one after a monkey scratch. The disease was most prevalent in late fall and early winter; 80% of patients were under age 20 years. Primary lesions were detected in 55%, node suppuration occurred in 26%, and lymphadenopathy lasted 2 weeks to 2 months in most patients. Symptoms were absent in 35% of cases. Fever occurred in 26%, and exanthem was present in 4%. Lymphadenopathy was most common in the extremities (57%), and head and neck (43%). Cat scratch antigen was found to be a reliable diagnostic skin test. A negative test was found in 98% of control patients; a positive test was found in 94% of patients who were clinically suspected to have CSD and a history of cat scratch. Management consisted of reassurance, symptomatic therapy, and closed aspiration of enlarged nodes if suppuration occurred. Antibiotics were not effective. The disease is self-limited and has an excellent prognosis in the majority of patients. An etiologic agent could not be isolated in this study. Until the causative agent is known, it will be difficult to carry out preventive measures.
Coalescing Conditional Branches into Efficient Indirect Jumps

Indirect jumps from tables are traditionally only generated by compilers as an intermediate code generation decision when translating multiway selection statements. However, making this decision during intermediate code generation poses problems. The research described in this paper resolves these problems by using several types of static analysis as a framework for a code improving transformation that exploits indirect jumps from tables. First, control-flow analysis is performed that provides opportunities for coalescing branches generated from other control statements besides multiway selection statements. Second, the optimizer uses various techniques to reduce the cost of indirect jump operations by statically analyzing the context of the surrounding code. Finally, path and branch prediction analysis is used to provide a more accurate estimation of the benefit of coalescing a detected set of branches into a single indirect jump. The results indicate that the coalescing transformation can be frequently applied with significant reductions in the number of instructions executed and total cache work. This paper shows that static analysis can be used to implement an effective improving transformation for exploiting indirect jumps.
Design and development of hybrid neural network and expert systems

The complementary features of neural networks and expert systems allow the combination of these two technologies to make more powerful systems than can be built with either of the two alone. Models and guidelines for choosing and developing appropriate hybrid systems are emerging as successful applications appear. This paper summarizes the progress in the development of integrated neural network and expert systems. >
Detection and analysis of ESD-induced melt filaments for FSRAMs

Summary form only given. When evaluating a new manufacturing site, Fab A, it was discovered that SRAM devices were susceptible to failures induced by Human Body Model (HBM) Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). The worst case failures were observed for a positive zap with Vss referenced, with data (I/O) pins failing a 1.0 /spl mu/A output leakage criteria at zap voltages as low as 500 V. Similar SRAM devices from a different fab, Fab B, did not have this same sensitivity. To understand the sensitivity of Fab A material, the protection device for the I/O pins was analyzed.
The next level of research on electronic play : potential benefits and contextual influences for children and adolescents

Most research on electronic play has focused on its possible negative effects for children and adolescents, and contextual factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) and culture are rarely considered. This article considers the potential benefits of electronic play from a psychological perspective, as well as individual and contextual factors that may shape the influence of electronic play for children and adolescents. Demographics of players and the games themselves are presented, and recommendations for research and policy are discussed.
Methylation of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Physarum polycephalum at Various Periods during the Mitotic Cycle

The methylation of major nuclear DNA-cytosine was found to occur throughout the mitotic cycle of Physarum polycephalum, during the period of DNA synthesis (S), as well as during the remainder of interphase (G2) when essentially no synthesis de novo of the major nuclear DNA takes place. After incubation of the mold with methionine methyl-3H, 5-methylcytosine was the only radioactive methylated minor base detected in major nuclear DNA, although 3H was also found to be incorporated during the S period into DNA-adenine, -guanine, and -thymine, presumably by conversion of the methionine methyl group to 1-carbon intermediates incorporated into DNA nucleotides during synthesis de novo. During the G2 period, methylation of major nuclear DNA occurred at a relatively constant rate which was approximately 50% of that observed during the S period. Incorporation of 3H from methionine methyl-3H into 5-methylcytosine of both mitochondrial DNA and the nuclear heavy satellite DNA was also observed. It was estimated that the three DNA fractions of Physarum contain 1 methylcytosine residue for every 12 to 24 cytosine residues.
An inmate’s right to die: legal and ethical considerations in death row volunteering

There is a considerable body of literature about the death penalty across a variety of disciplines. However, a newer body of literature has emerged examining the phenomenon of elected executions, also known as death row volunteering. To date, 138 (nearly 11%) of the 1300 death row executions have come from volunteers. This issue has been particularly controversial due to a number of legal and ethical considerations that have been raised by the scholarly, legal, and public communities. Such issues include a capital defendant’s competency to volunteer; ethical and moral dilemmas for capital defense attorneys, the states, and medical and mental health professionals; whether death row volunteering equates to ‘state-assisted suicide’; and finally, how these considerations impact the public’s support for capital punishment. This paper reviews the existing literature pertaining to death row volunteering through the lenses of these various considerations. Recommendations for future research in this area are also ...
The importance of weighing a patient prior to a PET/CT scan.

2216 Objectives Standard Uptake Values (SUVs) are used as part of tumor diagnosis, staging, and therapy monitoring in PET facilities. The accuracy of SUVs is subjective to many variables such as: patient’s weight, administered dose, length of time between injection and scan, ROI (region of interest) design, and acceptable glucose serum levels. The theory is that a patient does not have an accurate knowledge of their weight and all patients should be weighed prior to receiving a PET/CT scan. Methods A total of 37 patients were monitored during a 30 day time frame. Each patient was questioned what their current weight was and then placed on a scale for verification. The administered dose and time frame between injection and scan were monitored to eliminate other variables that affect the Standard Uptake Value. Results The equation used for the SUV was: SUV= ROI / (ID /W), with ID representing dose administered and W representing the patient’s weight. It is determined that a weight difference of >10 lbs affects the SUV. Six of the 37 patients experienced a >10 lb weight difference, with 5 of the 6 being newly diagnosed cancer patients and the other being a cancer patient undergoing therapy. Conclusions The results indicate that it is necessary to weigh each patient prior to the PET/CT scan. Within the test group, 6 out of 37 patients had a weight difference great enough to affect the SUV value. Even therapy patients that monitor their weight may have discrepancies since weight loss is a common symptom of cancer. Not all facilities are weighing the patient prior to injection; however it should become standard practice.
Deciphering the DNA Damage Response

This year's Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors Evelyn Witkin and Stephen J. Elledge, two pioneers in elucidating the DNA damage response, whose contributions span more than 40 years.
Job satisfaction and perceived bureaucratization in recreational delivery organizations: A comparison of federal and state park and forest rangers

Data from the responses of 120 park and forest rangers at both the state and federal levels were analyzed relative to stated levels of job satisfaction and perceived degree of bureaucratization in their respective work organizations. While park rangers expressed significantly higher levels of job satisfaction than forest rangers, no significant difference was found between state and federal rangers. The self‐perceived degree of bureaucratization under which the rangers worked was found to be negatively related to their job satisfaction. Such perceptions, however, did not appreciably diminish the original differences in job satisfaction noted to exist between park and forest rangers. A tentative explanation for the significant difference in job satisfaction between park and forest rangers is based on the differences in work roles and missions, particularly as these relate to the public.