cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do all children with suicidal ideation receive a significant psychiatric intervention

BACKGROUND: In most physicians' minds, suicidal ideation carries with it an ominous prognosis requiring intensive evaluation and treatment. We evaluated the hypothesis by first defining what an intensive psychiatric intervention would be, then determining what percentage of suicidal children received this intervention. OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of children identified with suicide ideation, who received a significant psychiatric intervention. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for psychiatric interventions of all children presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with behavioral disorders between 2004 and 2007, for which a psychiatry consultation was obtained. Suicidal children were those who had expressed suicidal ideation. We defined a significant psychiatric intervention as one of the following: hospitalization in a psychiatric facility, a period of observation in the ED (>12 hours), use of restraints, and prescribing a psychiatric medication. Suicidal labeling was considered "appropriate" if one or more of the above interventions were recommended by a psychiatrist. The presence of psychiatric intervention was compared with children who presented with a behavioral disorder, not labeled as suicidal. Chi-square or Fisher's Exact Test, whenever appropriate, was used to evaluate the association between suicide status and interventions. RESULTS: We identified 160 (27.1%) children who were labeled suicidal and 431 (72.9%) children with a behavioral disorder, who were classified as non-suicidal. 244/431 (56.6%) in the non-suicidal group had a significant psychiatric intervention compared to 79/160 (49.4%) of children with suicidal ideation (P=0.116). This 49.4% is significantly different from an a priori assumption that 100% of children with suicidal ideation would have a significant psychiatric intervention. CONCLUSION: Over half (50.6%) of the children presenting with a label of suicidal ideation did not receive significant psychiatric intervention. This study calls into question the accuracy of suicide labeling in children referred to the ED. Language: en
Time in Thermodynamics

Or better: time asymmetry in thermodynamics. Better still: time asymmetry in thermodynamic phenomena. “Time in thermodynamics” misleadingly suggests that thermodynamics will tell us about the fundamental nature of time. But we don’t think that thermodynamics is a fundamental theory. It is a theory of macroscopic behavior, often called a “phenomenological science.” And to the extent that physics can tell us about the fundamental features of the world, including such things as the nature of time, we generally think that only fundamental physics can. On its own, a science like thermodynamics won’t be able to tell us about time per se. But the theory will have much to say about everyday processes that occur in time; and in particular, the apparent asymmetry of those processes. The pressing question of time in the context of thermodynamics is about the asymmetry of things in time, not the asymmetry of time, to paraphrase Price (1996, 16). I use the title anyway, to underscore what is, to my mind, the centrality of thermodynamics to any discussion of the nature of time and our experience in it. The two issues—the temporal features of processes in time, and the intrinsic structure of time itself—are related. Indeed, it is in part this relation that makes the question of time asymmetry in thermodynamics so interesting. This, plus the fact that thermodynamics describes a surprisingly wide range of our ordinary experience. We’ll return to this. First, we need to get the question of time asymmetry in thermodynamics out on the table.
Predicting relative permeability from water retention: a direct approach based on fractal geometry.

[1] Commonly, a soil's relative permeability curve is predicted from its measured water retention curve by fitting equations that share parameters between the two curves (e.g., Brooks/Corey-Mualem and van Genuchten-Mualem). We present a new approach to predict relative permeability by direct application of measured soil water retention data without any fitting procedures. The new relative permeability model, derived from a probabilistic fractal approach, appears in series form as a function of suction and the incremental change in water content. This discrete approach describes the drained pore space and permeability at different suctions incorporating the effects of both pore size distribution and connectivity among water-filled pores. We compared the new model performance predicting relative permeability to that of the van Genuchten-Mualem (VG-M) model for 35 paired data sets from the Unsaturated Soil hydraulic Database (UNSODA) and five other previously published data sets. At the 5% level of significance, the new method predicts relative permeabilities from the UNSODA database significantly better (mean logarithmic root-mean-square error, LRMSE = 0.813) than the VG-M model (LRMSE = 1.555). Each prediction of relative permeability from the five other previously published data sets was also significantly better.
Does low intracellular pH stop the motion of the Bulla circadian pacemaker

The eye of the mollusk Bulla has proven itself useful as an in vitro neural circadian pacemaker. Here, we report that treatments applied to lower intracellular pH may stop the motion of this circadian pacemaker in a phase-dependent manner. Lowering the extracellular pH of the artificial seawater bath to 6.9, or application of the stilbene derivatives 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (SITS) or 4,4-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS), abolishes the circadian rhythm in optic nerve compound action-potential frequency. Because these treatments are known to lower intracellular pH, these data suggest that the pacemaker may be inhibited by low intracellular pH. In order to assess the state of the pacemaker during low extracellular pH treatment, pulses of seawater at pH 6.8 were applied, and the phase of the rhythm subsequent to the pulse was observed. All pulses started 1 hr after subjective dusk [circadian time (CT) 13] and were applied to eyes in constant darkness; pulse lengths varied from 4 to 47 hr for different preparations. The phases of the eye rhythms following pulses that ended before subjective dawn (about CT 24) were not different from untreated preparations. However, for pulses longer than 11 hr and therefore ending after subjective dawn, the subsequent phase of the rhythm was a function of the ending time of the pulse. These data suggest that the pacemaker's motion was stopped at dawn during the low-pH treatment and resumed following restoration of normal pH. To distinguish between phase and duration dependence of this effect in the above experiment, phase shifts were obtained to 14- hr pulses of pH 6.8 seawater applied at three different phases.
IL-4 Induces the Proteolytic Processing of Mast Cell STAT6

IL-4 is a potent, pleiotropic cytokine that, in general, directs cellular activation, differentiation, and rescue from apoptosis. However, in mast cells, IL-4 induces the down-regulation of activation receptors and promotes cell death. Mast cells have been shown to transduce IL-4 signals through a unique C-terminally truncated isoform of STAT6. In this study, we examine the mechanism through which STAT6 is processed to generate this isoform. We demonstrate that STAT6 processing in mast cells is initiated by IL-4-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of full-length STAT6 and subsequent cleavage by a nuclear serine-family protease. The location of the protease in the nucleus ensures that the truncated STAT6 has preferential access to bind DNA. IL-4-responsive target genes in mast cells are identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation of STAT6, including the IL-4 gene itself. These results suggest a molecular explanation for the suppressive effects of IL-4 on STAT6-regulated genes in mast cells.
High-throughput fluorescence imaging approaches for drug discovery using in vitro and in vivo three-dimensional models.

Introduction: High-resolution microscopy using fluorescent probes is a powerful tool to investigate individual cell structure and function, cell subpopulations and mechanisms underlying cellular responses to drugs. Additionally, responses to drugs more closely resemble those seen in vivo when cells are physically connected in three-dimensional (3D) systems (either 3D cell cultures or whole organisms), as opposed to traditional monolayer cultures. Combined, the use of imaging-based 3D models in the early stages of drug development has the potential to generate biologically relevant data that will increase the likelihood of success for drug candidates in human studies.Areas covered: The authors discuss current methods for the culturing of cells in 3D as well as approaches for the imaging of whole-animal models and 3D cultures that are amenable to high-throughput settings and could be implemented to support drug discovery campaigns. Furthermore, they provide critical considerations when discussing imaging th...
Predictability of the Performance of an Ensemble Forecast System: Predictability of the Space of Uncertainties

Abstract The performance of an ensemble prediction system is inherently flow dependent. This paper investigates the flow dependence of the ensemble performance with the help of linear diagnostics applied to the ensemble perturbations in a small local neighborhood of each model gridpoint location l. A local error covariance matrix &#x1d5e3;l is defined for each local region, and the diagnostics are applied to the linear space defined by the range of the ensemble-based estimate of &#x1d5e3;l. The particular diagnostics are chosen to help investigate the efficiency of in capturing the space of analysis and forecast uncertainties. Numerical experiments are carried out with an implementation of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) data assimilation system on a reduced-resolution [T62 and 28 vertical levels (T62L28)] version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). Both simulated observations under the perfect model scenario and observations of the real atmosphere ...
A possible difference in the mechanism of replication of moderately repeated nucleotide sequences in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Nascent DNA that was pulse-labelled with [3H]thymidine for 8 min in asynchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells contained a higher proportion of moderately repeated nucleotide sequences than did either nascent DNA pulse-labelled for 60 min or 14C-labelled parental DNA. The thymine pool equilibration time for moderately repeated sequences, which was found to be about one-half that for highly repeated and unique sequences, accounts for the high proportion of moderately repeated sequences labelled during short pulses and suggests that these sequences are replicated by a different mechanism than are other sequences. In synchronous cells, this difference in thymidine labelling was characteristic of early S and late S but not of mid S cells, suggesting that a higher proportion of moderately repeated nucleotide sequences is replicated in early and late S phase than in mid S.
A new, room-temperature, high-rate plasma-based copper etch process

Abstract A new plasma-based copper etch process that operated at room temperature using a conventional parallel-plate electrode design is discussed. In this paper, authors review the reaction mechanism and compare process parameters, such as gas type, pressure, and power, affecting the plasma–copper reaction rate and the edge profile of the etched pattern. Small geometry copper patterns, e.g., less than 0.8 μm, are successfully etched with this new method. This new process is applicable to many nano and microelectronic devices.
Toward Understanding the Causes of Low-Frequency Variability: The Interannual Standard Deviation of Monthly Mean 700-mb Height

Abstract The field of standard deviation of monthly mean 700-mb geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere for each of the 12 months over the 1950–1991 period, among other auxiliary statistics, is compiled in an atlas to which this paper is companion. Some of the major features found in the atlas are highlighted and extended here. A comparison is also made to the same statistics derived from a 10-year run of the NMC model. There are three distinct regions of peak standard deviation (up to 85 geopotential meters in winter), all of which are located over water. Two of them remain positionally relatively stationary throughout the year in the high-latitude Pacific and Atlantic oceans, respectively. A portion of the Pacific region's winter variability comes from interdecadal fluctuations. The third region is over the Arctic Ocean and exhibits some large seasonal changes in location. A roughly north-to-south troughlike minimum in standard deviation (down to less than 20 geopotential meters in summer) is fou...
Entrainment of the body temperature rhythm in rats: effect of color and intensity of environmental light.

The daily rhythm in body temperature in rats was continuously monitored during exposure to low-intensity environmental illumination of various colors in the visible and near-ultraviolet spectrum. The ability of phase shifts in the lighting schedule to induce concomitant changes in the rhythm was used to determine the spectral sensitivity of the retinal photoreceptor systems mediating rhythm entrainment. Green light (λ = 530 ± 45 nanometers) was most potent, and red (λ = 660 ± 19 nanometers) and ultraviolet (λ = 360 ± 34 nanometers) were least potent in entraining the temperature rhythm.
Mastering innate immunity.

Cells of the innate immune system get energy almost entirely from glycolysis, enabling survival under a variety of harsh conditions. The transcriptional regulator HIF-1 is now placed at the center of metabolic control in these cells.
Irregularities in steady flow for non‐newtonian fluids between cone and plate

Flow irregularities have been visually observed in solutions of polyacrylamide of high molecular weight on shear in a cone-and-plate rheometry (gap angle 2.3°). This anomalous flow was found to depend on molecular weight, concentration, and solvent. The onset of flow irregularities were generally at shear rates < 5 sec−1. A dimensional analysis shows that the elastic component of the fluid is responsible for the anomalous flow. The onset of flow irregularities has been predicted from measurements of recoverable strain as a function of shear stress.
Genetic control of neuronal activity in mice conditionally expressing TRPV1

Here we describe a knock-in mouse model for Cre-loxP–based conditional expression of TRPV1 in central nervous system neurons. Expression of Cre recombinase using biolistics, lentivirus or genetic intercrosses triggered heterologous expression of TRPV1 in a cell-specific manner. Application of the TRPV1 ligand capsaicin induced strong inward currents, triggered action potentials and activated stereotyped behaviors, allowing cell type–specific chemical genetic control of neuronal activity in vitro and in vivo.
A Phonological Analysis of Male Gibbon Singing Behavior

Acoustic analyses and experimental field playbacks were conducted to investigate the nature and communicative significance of the phonological structure and organization of male gibbon (Hylobates agilis) songs. Males use a limited number of spectrographically discrete elements or note types to construct songs. A classification of these note types was produced initially through a visual sorting process using gross spectral and temporal features. Measurement of single acoustic variables and a digital sound program, which compared the two-dimensional cross-correlation values of note spectrograms, were employed to check the results of the qualitative sorting procedure. The sequential organization of notes composing songs was examined by tabulating the frequencies of occurrence of each note type in different positions and the transition probabilities between note types. These analyses revealed that songs are formed within a framework of rules, which define regular patterns in the placement and order of note types. To investigate whether the gibbons employ these rules in a biologically meaningful fashion, a field playback experiment was conducted comparing the responses of animals to normal and phonologically rearranged songs. Although the gibbons identify rearranged songs as conspecific territorial signals, responses to playbacks suggested that the hypothesized rules generating songs are communicatively significant; male gibbons responded in a qualitatively different fashion to normal and phonologically rearranged songs. These results are evaluated in light of other studies of animal vocal communication.
Undressing a collective intersubband excitation in a quantum well.

We have experimentally measured the 1--2 intersubband absorption in a single 40 nm wide modulation-doped ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}\mathrm{As}/\mathrm{GaAs}$ square quantum well as a function of frequency, intensity, and charge density. The low-intensity depolarization-shifted absorption occurs near $80{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (10 meV or 2.4 THz), nearly 30% higher than the intersubband spacing. At higher intensities, the absorption peak shifts to lower frequencies. Our data are in good agreement with a theory proposed by Za\l{}u\ifmmode \dot{z}\else \.{z}\fi{}ny, which attributes the redshift to a reduction in the depolarization shift as the excited subband becomes populated.
Panchromatic Study of Nearby Ultraviolet-bright Starburst Galaxies: Implications for Massive Star Formation and High-Redshift Galaxies

We present a panchromatic study of nearby starburst galaxies from the ultraviolet to the visible, including narrowband Hα using Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO (WIYN) and Hubble Space Telescope data, to determine how star formation processes affect the morphologies and integrated fluxes of nearby starbursts. We find that the UV and Hα morphologies of starbursts tend to differ, although not in a standard or predictable manner. From our sample of six nearby starbursts, three systems show good correlations between UV and Hα fluxes, but we find differences in UV and Hα morphology among the other three. Occasionally we find systems with well-defined H II regions without the corresponding brightness in the UV, and vice versa. We discuss the likely mechanisms behind these differences, which include starburst ages, dust absorption, stellar energy ejecta through supernovae and winds, and leakage of UV photons from stellar clusters. We conclude that the large-scale morphological features in starbursts are primarily due to both age and absorption from a "picket-fence" dust distribution. We further demonstrate the similarity and differences between these nearby starbursts and high-redshift star-forming galaxies. The overall morphology of our sample of starbursts changes little between UV and visible wavelengths. If high-redshift galaxies are similar to these starbursts, their morphologies should change little between rest-frame UV and optical. We also show that FIR and UV spectral energy distributions and slopes can be used to determine large-scale morphological features for extreme starbursts, with the steepest FIR slopes correlating with the most disturbed galaxies.
The continuing search for an anthropogenic climate change signal: Limitations of correlation-based approaches

Several recent studies claim to have found evidence of large-scale climate changes that were attributed to human influences. These assertions are based on increases in correlation over time between general circulation model prognostications and observations as derived from a centred pattern correlation statistic. We argue that the results of such studies are inappropriate because of limitations and biases in these statistics which leads us to conclude that the results of many studies employing these statistics may be erroneous and, in fact, show little evidence of a human fingerprint in the observed records.
An elastic mixed-criticality task model and its scheduling algorithm

To address the service abrupt problem for low-criticality tasks in existing mixed-criticality scheduling algorithms, we study an Elastic Mixed-Criticality (E-MC) task model, where the key idea is to have variable periods (i.e., service intervals) for low-criticality tasks. The minimum service requirement of a low-criticality task is ensured by its largest period. However, at runtime low-criticality tasks can be released early by exploiting the slack time generated from the over-provisioned execution time for high-criticality tasks to reduce their service intervals and thus improve their service levels. We propose an Early-Release EDF (ER-EDF) scheduling algorithm, which can judiciously manage the early release of low-criticality tasks without affecting the timeliness of high-criticality tasks. Compared to the state-of-the-art EDF-VD scheduling algorithm, our simulation results show that the ER-EDF can successfully schedule much more task sets. Moreover, the achieved execution frequencies of low-criticality tasks can also be significantly improved under ER-EDF.
A Common Transverse Feedback Damper for Two Beams during a Stacking Cycle

During the stacking cycle at a proton storage ring, it often occurs that coasting and bunched beams coexist, rotating in the same direction. The problem of the two beams oscillating coherently with each other is formulated and discussed. We demonstrate that when the tune distribution is dominated by the sextupole contribution, one common transverse dipole feedback system is enough to damp both the coasting beam and the bunched beam instabilities.
A study of light-initiated currents in Limulus lateral eye retinular cells

Abstract Light-initiated currents in Limulus lateral eye retinular cells were studied using the voltage clamp technique. To assess the validity of such current measurements, the isopotentiality of retinular cells was determined on triply impaled cells and the effect of voltage clamping one retinular cell on adjacent retinular cells and on the eccentric cell in the same ommatidium was determined. The results of the experiments are: (1) retinular cells are isopotential at loci 100 μm apart; (2) appreciable steady state current during the clamping episodes leaks into neighboring retinular cells and the eccentric cell; (3) light-initiated currents exhibit two components; (4) there is a dynamic change in the resistance of the photoreceptor membrane during development of the receptor potential; (5) suppression of the rising phase (C 1 ) of the receptor potential does not affect subsequent voltage changes; (6) suppression of the sodium influx which normally produces C 1 has only minor effects on subsequent voltage changes; (7) reduced [KCl] out increases and increased [KCl] out decreases the reversal potential of light-initiated currents; and (8) reduced [NaCl] out reduces the magnitude and the reversal potential of light-initiated currents.
Axonal bias at a representational border in adult rat somatosensory cortex (S1)

The cortex is a highly organized structure and this organization is integral to cortical function. However, the circuitry underlying cortical organization is only partially understood, thus limiting our understanding of cortical function. Within the somatosensory cortex, organization is manifest as a map of the body surface. At the level of the cortical circuitry the horizontal connections of Layer 2/3 express a physiological bias that reflects discontinuities within the somatosensory map. Both excitation and inhibition are smaller when evoked from across a representational border, as compared to when they are evoked from within the representation. This physiological bias may be due to a bias in either the strength or number of synapses and/or the number of axons that cross this border and the extent of their arborization. In this study we used both an anterograde (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) and a retrograde (cholera toxin B) tracer to examine Layer 2/3 horizontal projections in rat S1. We determined that there is a bias in the amount of horizontal axonal projections that cross the forepaw/lower jaw border as compared to projections remaining within an individual representation. This bias in axonal projection and the correlated bias in excitation and inhibition may underlie the expression of the representational border.
An Experimental Study and Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Laser Pulse Energy on the Geometric Quality During Laser Precision Machining

In laser precision machining, process parameters have critical effects on the geometric quality of the machined parts. Due to the nature of the interrelated process parameters involved, an operator has to make a host of complex decisions, based on trial‐and‐error methods, to set the process control parameters related to the laser, workpiece material, and motion system. The objective of this work is to investigate experimentally the effect of laser pulse energy on the geometric quality of the machined parts in terms of accuracy, precision, and surface quality. Experimental study of formation of machined craters on thin copper foil with variation in laser pulse energy, the geometry and the surface topology of craters is presented. The geometrical parameters were measured and statistically analyzed with respect to incident pulse energy. Statistical analysis including pattern recognition was employed to analyze the experimental data systematically and to serve proper selection of the process parameters to ach...
Part VIII. Psychopharmacological and Biological Effects Of Opioid Peptides In Animals: THE ROLE OF ENDORPHINS IN STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA

We have seen that exposure of an organism to any of a wide range of stressful situations can induce alterations in sensitivity to pain that outlast the exposure. Not all stressors induce analgesia; among those that do not are some that produce maximal elevations in plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH, and adrenal corticosteroids. Some examples of SIA are sensitive to opiate receptor blockade by naloxone, but others are not. Hypophysectomy produces a similarly uneven profile of effects across different stressors. This diversity has often been interpreted as evidence for the existence of an array of pain inhibitory systems, with differing physiological properties and activated by different stressors. However, it might also suggest that stressors can prompt a variety of behavioral changes, many of which can be interpreted as analgesia if a pain reflex test is employed as the dependent measure.
Is Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Effective in Treating Osteoarthritis of the Hip Joint?

Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are used to treat osteoarthritis of the hip but their efficacy has not been clearly established. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of HA injections on hip pain. There were twenty-three studies that met our criteria and the mean decrease in visual analog scores (VAS) was -1.97 (95% CL, 2.83 to -1.12, P<0.0001). However, the clinical relevance of this change is difficult to determine since the decrease in VAS was only -0.27 in the six randomized trials in the study and the duration of follow-up in most studies was less than six months. Multicenter randomized trials are needed to determine the true efficacy of HA injections in decreasing pain associated with hip osteoarthritis.
Gender imbalance in US geoscience academia

Geoscientists explain women's under-representation in our field along three dominant themes: the structure of academia, historically low numbers of women, and women's views and choices. Which factor they perceive as most important depends overwhelmingly on their gender.
Conivaptan Bolus Dosing for the Correction of Hyponatremia in the Neurointensive Care Unit

Introduction Hyponatremia frequently complicates acute brain injury and may precipitate neurological worsening by promoting cerebral edema. An increase in brain water may be better managed through water excretion than with fluid restriction or hypertonic fluids. Vasopressin-receptor antagonists such as conivaptan, which promote free water excretion, may be ideal agents to treat this common and potentially serious disorder.
Tools for managing image flow in the modality to clinical-image-review chain.

Web-based clinical-image viewing is commonplace in large medical centers. As demands for product and performance escalate, physicians, sold on the concept of “any image, anytime, anywhere,” fret when image studies cannot be viewed in a time frame to which they are accustomed. Image delivery pathways in large medical centers are oftentimes complicated by multiple networks, multiple picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), and multiple groups responsible for image acquisition and delivery to multiple destinations. When studies are delayed, it may be difficult to rapidly pinpoint bottlenecks. Described here are the tools used to monitor likely failure points in our modality to clinical-image-viewing chain and tools for reporting volume and throughput trends. Though perhaps unique to our environment, we believe that tools of this type are essential for understanding and monitoring image-study flow, re-configuring resources to achieve better throughput, and planning for anticipated growth. Without such tools, quality clinical-image delivery may not be what it should.
Conformal properties of the superstring-ghost Thirring model: Short-distance structure and bosonization.

It is known that the free theory of superstring-ghost fields can be extended by adding the superconformal-invariant quartic interaction QJJ\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} where J=bc+\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\gamma} is the total ghost number current. We use functional techniques to compute correlation functions of the elementary fields and currents of the theory to all orders in the coupling constant Q, and we use these to obtain the important operator products. The model is then shown to bosonize in terms of the same fields used for the free system, and we obtain bosonization formulas such as c(z,z\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})=:exp[${a}_{1}$${\mathrm{cphi}}_{1}$(z) +${a}_{2}$${\mathrm{cphi}}_{2}$(z)+${b}_{1}$cphi${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{1}$/B (z\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})+${b}_{2}$cphi${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{2}$(z\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})]:, where ${a}_{i}$ and ${b}_{i}$ are algebraic functions of Q, such that ${a}_{2}$, ${b}_{1}$, and ${b}_{2}$ vanish in the free limit. The model thus exhibits the nonholomorphic behavior characteristic of the Thirring model as well as novel mixing of the scalar fields ${\mathrm{cphi}}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm{cphi}}_{2}$. It does not seem possible to construct an operator in the interacting theory with the properties of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin current.
Electronic and structural properties of GaAsO4

Abstract We present first principles calculations for the electronic and structural properties of GaAsO 4 . The calculations were performed within the local density approximation using ab initio pseudopotentials and a planewave basis. We determined the lattice parameters, cohesive energy and bulk modulus by minimizing the total energy of the solid. We find good agreement for the structural properties, within about 1% of experimentally observed values. Our cohesive energy is consistent with other local density calculations for isostructural materials. The predicted value of our bulk modulus, 32.0 GPa, is consistent with recent experimental measurements and the value for similar materials such as AlPO 4 . This is in contrast to recent interpretations which have suggested a value half as large. The calculated electronic band structure, partial and total density of states and charge density are also presented.
‘Idiopathic’ eosinophilia with an Occult T-cell clone: Prevalence and clinical course

In a study of 99 consecutive patients with ‘idiopathic’ eosinophilia, clonal T-cells were demonstrated in blood, bone marrow, or other tissue samples of 14 patients including 6 who had an overt T-cell malignancy. The remaining eight patients (∼8%) with an ‘Occult’ T-cell clone had predominantly cutaneous disease and FIP1L1-PDGFRA was absent in all six evaluable patients. Two patients were effectively treated with low-dose oral cyclophosphamide or methotrexate whereas Gleevec® treatment was ineffective in another two patients. Two patients (25%) transformed into cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after 3–8 years of eosinophilic prodrome.
Effect of Cyproterone Acetate on Mouse Adenohypophysis. I. The Adrenocorticotrophs

The adenohypophyses of adult male C57BL/6J mice pituitaries injected with cyproterone acetate for four weeks were examined with the electron microscope. The adrenocorticotrophs of the adenohypophysis showed an absence of the 200-nm granules that were lined along the plasma membrane, a decrease in profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, sparse distribution of ribosomes, and flattened Golgi membranes. It is believed the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate inhibited ACTH synthesis and release and that this was responsible for adrenocortical atrophy.
The Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Binds Directly to CsrS, a Sensor Histidine Kinase of Group A Streptococcus, to Activate Expression of Virulence Factors

Abstract Group A Streptococcus (GAS) responds to subinhibitory concentrations of LL-37 by up-regulation of virulence factors through the CsrRS (CovRS) two-component system. The signaling mechanism, however, is unclear. To determine whether LL-37 signaling reflects specific binding to CsrS or rather a nonspecific response to LL-37-mediated membrane damage, we tested LL-37 fragments for CsrRS signaling and for GAS antimicrobial activity. We identified a 10-residue fragment (RI-10) of LL-37 as the minimal peptide that retains the ability to signal increased expression of GAS virulence factors, yet it has no detectable antimicrobial activity against GAS. Substitution of individual key amino acids in RI-10 reduced or abrogated signaling. These data do not support the hypothesis that CsrS detects LL-37-induced damage to the bacterial cell membrane but rather suggest that LL-37 signaling is mediated by a direct interaction with CsrS. To test whether LL-37 binds to CsrS, we used the purified CsrS extracellular domain to pull down LL-37 in vitro, a result that provides further evidence that LL-37 binds to CsrS. The dissociation of CsrS-mediated signaling from membrane damage by LL-37 fragments together with in vitro evidence for a direct LL-37-CsrS binding interaction constitute compelling evidence that signal transduction by LL-37 through CsrS reflects a direct ligand/receptor interaction.
Arkansas Superpave® Seminars: Model technology transfer partnership

Arkansas implemented the Superpave® asphalt mixture design system in 1997 for all state and federal highways. Local roadway agencies in Arkansas, including cities and counties, have historically used Marshall method-based mixes—typically by specifying the use of state mix in paving projects. In recent years, however, more Superpave-based mixtures are being used for local projects, leading to an acute need for information at the local level about specification and construction practices necessary for Superpave. A partnership of people representing academia, industry, local roadway agencies, and the state highway agency was formed to develop and present information to local agencies and consulting engineers on the use of Superpave for low-volume roadways. The goal of the partnership was to develop a series of Superpave seminars to provide vital technology transfer to local roadway personnel. Nine seminars were held throughout Arkansas, drawing more than 250 people from cities, counties, consulting engineeri...
Glacial advance and retreat sequences in a Permo‐Carboniferous section, central Transantarctic Mountains

Episodes of glacial advance and retreat can be recognized through analysis of vertical facies sequences in the Permo-Carboniferous Pagoda Formation of the Beardmore Glacier area, Antarctica. The formation includes a remarkably complete record of continental sedimentation near the terminus of a temperate glacier. Facies sequence is pre-eminent for inferring glacial advance and retreat. Other important criteria are abundance and geometry of sandstone interbedded with diamictite, diamictite character and nature of bed contacts. Using these characteristics advance and retreat sequences 5–60 m thick are recognized. A sharp contact, with a striated surface and erosional relief, overlain by structureless diamictite (lodgement till) is typical of grounded ice advance. Grounded ice retreat is characterized by structureless diamictite (lodgement till), overlain by crudely stratified diamictite (melt-out till) and then by diamictite interbedded with sandstone and conglomerate (flow till and glacio-fluvial or glacio-lacustrine deposits). Gradational contacts between shale overlain by diamictite and diamictite overlain by shale characterize advance and retreat, respectively, in subaqueous settings. Pauses in sediment accumulation, minor(?) fluctuations of the ice margin, and/or changes in subglacial dynamics are indicated by specific features within diamictite units such as probable frost-wedge casts, single layer boulder beds, sharp sedimentary contacts and changes in diamictite character. These minor(?) events are superimposed upon the main advance-retreat cycles. Study of both the overall facies sequence and of individual diagnostic structures, albeit in an incomplete stratigraphic record, permits a distinction between major and minor advance-retreat events. As many as six major advance-retreat cycles exist in some Pagoda sections, but the number of cycles present varies in different sections.
Regression models of behavior for managerial decision making

Abstract A principal problem in systems studies concerns the development of models that will be accepted and used by decision makers in organizations. Regression models derived from managers' past behavior offer promise in overcoming this problem for many repetitive types of decisions. Employing a simulated production planning environment, this paper discusses both the potential usefulness and limitations of such models for understanding and improving decision making in practical applications.
Citation Behavior of Undergraduate Students: A Study of History, Political Science, and Sociology Papers

The goal of this analysis was to obtain local citation behavior data on undergraduates researching history, political science, and sociology papers. The study found that students cited books and journals even with the availability of web sources; however, usage varied by subject. References to specific websites' domains also varied across subject area. Most of the top journal titles that students referenced were online and locally owned. Students cited a broader range of journal titles than predicted by the Law of Scattering and cited titles across a wide array of subject areas. This data helped identify potential gaps in the library's collection and services.
Pregnancy and chiropractic: a narrative review of the literature

Objective The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the topic of chiropractic care during pregnancy.
A review of irritable bowel syndrome and an update on therapeutic approaches

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder that is associated with a significant impact on both affected individuals and society. While the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome remains unknown, knowledge regarding the normal and abnormal functions of the gut and its complex interactions with the body's nervous systems continue to shed light on the multifactiorial origins of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Objective: This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on the therapeutic approaches to irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: A search of the online bibliographic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed in order to identify all relevant articles published between 1980 and 2008. The search was enhanced with the use of a medical librarian. Bibliographies from potentially relevant articles were manually searched. Results/conclusions: The therapeutic options for irritable bowel syndrome are rapidly evolving beyond traditional symptom-based therapies, such as fiber, ant...
Self-assembled metallic nanocrystal structures for advanced non-volatile memory applications

Nanocrystal (NC) based non-volatile memories are a leading candidate to replace conventional floating gate memory. Substituting the poly-silicon gate with a layer of discrete nanocrystals or nanodots provides increased immunity to charge loss. Metallic nanocrystals have been found to be advantageous over Si- or Ge-based approaches due to good controllability of the size distribution and the achievable NC densities as well as increased charge storage capacity of metallic nanocrystals. Sufficiently high NC densities have been achieved to demonstrate feasibility for sub-32nm node non-volatile memory devices.
Survey of small-enterprise chicken operations in the United States

The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Small-Enterprise Chicken study was conducted to better understand bird movement and biosecurity practices of commercial poultry operations having fewer than 20,000 chickens. A stratified random sample of 2511 operations having 1000-19,999 chickens was selected from a list maintained by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), based primarily upon data from the 2002 Census of Agriculture; 1789 (72.1%) operations participated in the study. Over one-half of operations were contract operations with breeding birds, and one-fourth were contract operations without breeding birds. Only 17% of operations were independent (noncontract) operations. Independent operations were primarily table-egg producers and to a lesser extent, growers. Independent operations were more likely to have birds other than chickens, to allow outdoor access to birds, and had less stringent biosecurity requirements compared to contract operations.
Child Support Enforcement and Father Involvement Among Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

The focus of this article will be intimate partner violence among custodial parents receiving welfare benefits and their required cooperation with the child support enforcement system to encourage the financial involvement of the noncustodial parent. The majority of the mothers in the study encouraged the father's continued emotional involvement with their child despite the violence. This article will illustrate through the use of a case study the desire of these mothers to encourage both a financial and emotional relationship with their child's father, with safety always a priority.
Light and electron microscopic observations of sporogenesis in the myxosporida, Ceratomyxa shasta (Noble, 1950)

. The stages of development leading to sporogenesis of Ceratomyxa shasta (Noble) were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Salmonid fishes were infected by exposing them to water containing the infectious stage and intestinal material was fixed at weekly intervals. Signs of intestinal infection were barely detectable by 7 days following exposure where trophozoites and later developmental forms were present, but by 14 days a large number of pansporoblasts could be detected in varying stages of development. By 21 days the majority of caeca were completely occluded and infection had spread throughout the connective tissues attached to the caeca. The early developing trophozoites contained two or more nucleated cells within a mother cell. There was some evidence of multiplication of nuclei by fission. The sporoblasts usually contained twelve nucleated cells that gave rise to two groups of six cells (sporonts) and resulted in the formation of two spores in each mother cell. Each spore was formed by two sets of bilaterally arranged cells consisting of the main germinative cell or sporoplasm, the anteriorly placed capsule cells and the outer envelope or spore valve cell that surrounded the others and formed the spore covering. As the spore matured the two germinative cells interacted with each other by pseudopodial extensions and appeared to fuse to form a diploid cell. The position of the cells laterally and slightly posteriorly to the central suture line formed a bilaterally curved spore. Mature spores when examined with the electron microscope were condensed, dark staining and relatively featureless, with a lateral measurement of 15 μm and an anterior-posterior measurement of 7μm.
Prefabrication of a Neo-endocrine Organ: A Rat Model

Abstract Previous work in the field of flap prefabrication has demonstrated that many tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, muscle, and composite tissue, can be neovascularized with a carrier flap and transplanted to a distant site using microvascular technique. We have recently shown in a rat model that islets of Langerhans survive in large numbers when transplanted into a groin-based fasciovascular pedicled (FVP) flap. In the current study, we examined whether sufficient islet tissue can be transferred using microvascular free transfer of islet-containing flaps to reverse experimental diabetes. In the first phase of the experiment, islets from two Lewis rat donors were transplanted into the FVP flap of an isogeneic diabetic animal. Within 5 days, reversal of diabetes was noted in 4/4 experimental animals and in 0/4 control animals. In the second phase of the experiment, islet–FVP flaps were created in nondiabetic “carrier” animals. After 2 weeks the islet-containing flaps were harvested and transplanted to recipient diabetic Lewis rats using microvascular free transfer technique. Reversal of diabetes was noted within 10 days of free-flap transplant, and the diabetic state returned following removal of the flaps. Although preliminary, these results demonstrate that fasciovascular flaps can act as vehicles for the creation and transplantation of a functional neo-endocrine pancreas.
Photophysical behavior of aromatic carbonyl compounds related to proximity effect: thioxanthone

Abstract Solvent and temperature dependence of fluorescence in thioxanthone reveal the occurrence of an important S 1 → S o internal conversion arising from the proximity of the lowest energy ππ∗ and nπ∗ singlet states.
Surface Speciation of Phosphate on Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) Determined from NMR Spectroscopy

Interaction of phosphate with the surfaces of clays and metal oxyhydroxides is important for nutrient cycling in natural and agricultural systems. We examined the specific adsorption of phosphate to boehmite (γ-AlOOH) by solid-state 31P NMR spectroscopy, which yields evidence for the presence of two bridging bidentate surface complexes differing in protonation. For samples prepared along the sorption isotherm at pH 5, distinct phosphate environments are observed as two major peaks in 31P NMR spectra (chemical shifts of 0 and −6 ppm) that show little change in relative intensity with adsorbate loading. Both peaks correspond to rigid phosphate in close proximity to H, as indicated by 31P{1H} cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (CP/MAS) data, and yield nearly identical 31P{27Al} dephasing curves in rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) experiments. The REAPDOR results indicate that both phosphate environments have similar coordination to Al and are best fit by dephasing curves simu...