cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Levels of pattern description in learning

A learning system in a complex, real-world domain will require a significant amount of knowledge to be used in order to (1) deal with large numbers of features, most of which are irrelevant, and (2) find similarities between the concepts that are inferred from the observed data. Use of knowledge-free, syntactic approaches to generalization in complex environments will result in a combinatorial explosion in the number of possible generalizations. Moreover, the important semantic features are not "in" the data; rather they must be hypothesized using prior knowledge. The learning system described in this paper uses a multi-level knowledge-directed approach in order to cope with these problems. This paradigm is explored in the action-oriented game of baseball. The system attempts to interpret observed activity in terms of general knowledge provided about competitive games. This approach to learning can be viewed as a type of recognition, where the level of initial knowledge is general and where the specific observations mold a particular structure from the general knowledge. The system is organized into multiple levels of pattern descriptions, processing, and knowledge, reflecting the logical structure of the problem. In moving through those levels of description, the system filters out irrelevant features, hypothesizes additional semantic features (goals and relationships) and forms a hierarchy of generalized classes that extract the similarities in the descriptions. Examples of learning by a working computer program are presented.
A model for the evaluation of alternative policies for atmospheric pollutant source emissions (Masc model)

The model presented in this paper should be considered an effective tool in the establishment of bases for certain corrective alternatives for abatement of an atmospheric pollution problem. It should be regarded in addition as a truly valuable instrument for quantifying, within the development policies of a given area, ever more essential criteria concerning the protection of the environment.
Slowing the progression of Alzheimer disease: methodologic issues

The evidence to support a claim that a new drug will slow the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) must derive from epistemologically valid research methods. Although agency regulations do not specify the magnitude of an effect that a drug must possess to be granted a claim as a treatment for AD, the evidence to support any claim must be adduced in adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations and must meet the standard of "substantial evidence." Because a claim presented in drug product labeling may not be false or misleading in any particular, a distinction must be made between treatments that provide a "symptomatic" benefit and those that alter the course of dementia. Examples of some of the difficulties likely to be encountered by sponsors seeking to develop evidence to support a claim that a new drug slows the progression of dementia are presented. A suggestion is made for a clinical trial design, designated as the "randomized start design," that may be useful in such a question. Why this design might overcome many of the difficulties, both practical and ethical, present in the "discontinuation" design, the design ordinarily proposed to assess a drug's effect on disease progression, is discussed.
Comparability of human and animal studies of developmental cocaine exposure.

Human and animal studies of cocaine exposure during development can be compared on many levels and from many different perspectives. The most logical place to begin is to pose the question: What is the best animal model for cocaine abuse during pregnancy, and does the information obtained in a given animal model apply to humans? Of course, due to the complex nature of cocaine’s pharmacology, there is no perfect animal model. It is virtually impossible to perfectly model human development in anything other than a human being. Since invasive research is not done in humans, researchers are forced to study an approximation of human development. Each approximation of the human condition, or model, has specific strengths and weaknesses. The data obtained from each model must be evaluated in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of the model.
Uncertainty and the Natural Environment: Implications for Strategic Management

A changing global landscape calls on us to consider the management of organizations in a new manner, as the theme of the 2010 Eastern Academy of Management conference indicates. Uncertainty arising from the natural environment is a daunting challenge presented by this shifting landscape. This paper explores the concept of uncertainty in the context of the foundational works of strategic management, examines how research on organizations and the natural environment has built upon these works, and suggests opportunities for future research.
Liquid chromatographic determination of acetic acid in foods

Methode de dosage de cet acide organique dans le vinaigre et divers produits alimentaires contenant du vinaigre (legumes en saumure, moutarde, sauces, assaisonnements)
The Management of Shotgun Wounds

Injury by shotgun shows distinctive differences when compared to injury from single low- or high-velocity gunshot wounds. In the worst cases a close-range shotgun blast produces the most morbid and lethal wounds encountered in the civilian practice of trauma.
Christianizing the West Indies/Caribbean: A Sociohistorical Overview

Today Caribbean countries are ablaze with evangelical religious fervor. This is evident not only in the long listings of worship services, workshops, prayer meetings, evangelical conferences, and revival campaigns advertised constantly in Caribbean popular media but also in public testimonies and proselytizing on the streets by believers. Placed prominently on the counter of one of Grenada’s major post offices is the caption: JESUS SAVES. Forty to sixty years ago, few locals would have expressed their religiosity so publicly. Besides, with its strong Anglican influences, the British Colonial Office that oversaw these islands’ postal services would have banned such captions if anyone had dared to mount them. Like the religious advertisement posted strategically on a lamppost, on the roadside of Lucas Street, one of the major roads leading into the center of St. George’s, Grenada’s capital.
Morphology, structure, and metal binding mechanisms of biogenic manganese oxides in a superfund site treatment system.

Manganese oxides, which may be biogenically produced in both pristine and contaminated environments, have a large affinity for many trace metals. In this study, water and Mn oxide-bearing biofilm samples were collected from the components of a pump and treat remediation system at a superfund site. To better understand the factors leading to their formation and their effects on potentially toxic metal fate, we conducted a chemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic characterization of these biofilm samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of Mn oxides in close association with biological structures with morphologies consistent with fungi. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the oxides to be a mixture of layer and tunnel structure Mn(IV) oxides. In addition, XAS suggested that Ba, Co, and Zn all primarily bind to oxides in the biofilm in a manner that is analogous to synthetic or laboratory grown bacteriogenic Mn oxides. The results indicate that Mn oxides produced by organisms in the system may effectively scavenge metals, thus highlighting the potential utility of these organisms in designed remediation systems.
Journalism's Deep Memory: Cold War Mindedness and Coverage of Islamic State

This article is concerned with the international market consolidation in television entertainment production and its implications. The rapid growth of the TV format trade during the past 15 years has led to the formation of large European-led production groups. In recent years, U.S. media conglomerates have bought the largest of these groups. By tracing the groups’ development and the reasons for the U.S. acquisitions and by offering a model for the potential adverse implications this may have for television production and distribution in Europe, this article hopes to make a valuable contribution to media industries and policy research.
Receipt of public assistance during childhood and hypertension risk in adulthood.

Abstract Purpose We examined if receipt of public assistance during childhood lowered risk for hypertension by mid-life in a cohort of African Americans in the Southeastern United States. Methods We used multiple logistic regression models to assess the relationship between receipt of public assistance during childhood and adult hypertension among 405 male and 737 female adult participants enrolled between 1988 and 2001 in the Pitt County Study, a community-based prospective cohort study of African Americans in North Carolina. Statistical analyses were adjusted for child and adult sociodemographic measures as well as adult psychosocial and lifestyle factors. Results Women who grew up in economically disadvantaged families and who received public assistance during childhood had a 66% decreased odds of hypertension by mid-life compared with women similarly disadvantaged in childhood but who did not receive public assistance, odds ratio = 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.14–0.83. No association was observed for African American men. Conclusions Receipt of anti-poverty federal assistance during childhood was associated with reduced risk for hypertension by mid-life among African American women. It is possible that social expenditures on public assistance programs for families in need could produce long-term health benefits for children.
Comprehensive design comparison of using different order harmonics as the power carrier in wireless power transfer for PHEV and EV wireless charging

A series resonant converter (SRC) with third harmonic as the power carrier has been verified with the benefit of reducing the resonant components to one third. With proper design, it can have competitive efficiency with that using fundamental power, while the size and weight are much smaller. However, there is a trade-off between using a higher order harmonic and the larger current stress on the primary side. In this paper, a comprehensive design comparison of using different order harmonics as the power carrier in wireless power transfer for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging is presented. The comparison mainly focuses on overall efficiency and each component's stress. A guideline for choosing the optimal order or harmonic as power carrier is discussed after the comparison. A 1-kW prototype with 20-cm air gap using harmonic power is built to verify the proposed method.
Evolution of Mesoscale Convective System Organizational Structure and Convective Line Propagation

AbstractThis study examines organizational changes and periods of rapid forward propagation in an MCS on 6 July 2015 in South Dakota. The MCS case was the focus of a Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) IOP. Data from the Sioux Falls WSR-88D and a high-resolution WRF simulation are analyzed to examine two periods of rapid forward propagation (or surges) and organizational changes. During the first surge (surge A), the northern portion of the convective line propagates eastward faster than the southern portion, and the northern portion of the leading line transitions from a single convective core to a multicellular structure as it merges with convection initiation. Radar reflectivity factor Z and graupel concentrations decrease above the melting layer, while at lower altitudes Z increases. The MCS cold pool also intensifies and deepens beneath an expanded region of high rainwater content and subsaturated air. Throughout surge A, a mesoscale circulation with strong rear-to-front near-surface flow and...
Causes and outcomes of dogs presenting with hyphema to a referral hospital in Colorado: a retrospective analysis of 99 cases

Objective To investigate the causes of hyphema in dogs and identify factors associated with poor visual outcomes. Animals studied Ninety-nine dogs (120 eyes) that presented with hyphema. Procedure Medical records from the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between the years 2004-2015 were reviewed. Results Overall, 36.4% of dogs were diagnosed with hyphema from systemic causes, 32.9% due to local ocular disease, 26.1% due to trauma, and 4.5% due to idiopathic causes. Regardless of cause, 55.4% of eyes were blind at their last recheck, but the percentage of eyes that lost vision ranged from 11.1 to 100%, depending on the cause. Causes of hyphema with poor outcomes were ocular neoplasia, chronic uveitis, and trauma. Enucleation was performed or recommended in 36 eyes (39.5%), and 27 eyes (31.4%) were diagnosed with glaucoma. Initial exam findings associated with a significantly increased risk of blindness were absent consensual PLR (odds ratio (OR) = 28.6), absent dazzle (OR = 19.4), elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (OR = 9.1), presence of a retinal detachment (OR = 7.6), unilateral hyphema (OR = 5.8), and complete hyphema (OR = 3.9). Factors associated with a significantly increased risk of glaucoma included hyphema present for 8–30 days (OR > 6), absent consensual PLR (OR = 6.4), absent dazzle (OR = 5.3), and the presence of a retinal detachment at the final evaluation (OR = 5.8). Conclusion Prognosis for vision is highly dependent on the cause of hyphema and initial exam findings. Poor prognostic factors on presentation include absent dazzle, absent consensual PLR, elevated IOP, unilateral hyphema, and complete hyphema.
Low expression and tumor suppressor activities of the hormone Klotho in breast cancer

3680 Klotho (KL) is a single-pass transmembrane protein, which is predominantly expressed in the kidneys and brain but is secreted to the blood and acts as a hormone. In mice, KL overexpression expands life span and is associated with insulin resistance and reduced fertility. KL activities are mediated through several mechanisms, including inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway and upregulation of transcription factors such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) alpha and C/EBP beta. As these mechanisms are also implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis, we aimed to elucidate KL expression and activities in breast cancer. KL expression was analyzed in breast cancer cell lines using Real-time RT-PCR. High KL expression was found in the non-malignant breast cell line MCF-12A and the well-differentiated MCF-7 cells, but low KL levels were found in the less differentiated cell lines MDA-MB-231, SK-BR3, T-47D. Immunohistochemical staining of KL was conducted on breast tissue arrays, containing 58 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and 47 pure ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) samples. High KL expression was noted in only 15% and 17% of the IDC and DCIS samples, respectively but in 87% of the normal breast adjacent to the tumors (P KL activity was analyzed in depth using the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines using transfection assays. Transient KL upregulation decreased clonal growth of these cells, as measured by colony assays, and stable overexpression of it significantly reduced cell proliferation. Protein levels of the insulin/IGF pathway components were not changed following KL overexpression. However, KL overexpression reduced IGF-induced phosphorylation of the IGF receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS 1), AKT, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, KL overexpression increased the expression of the tumor suppressor gene C/EBPβ. In order to reveal additional genes, which are associated with KL activity in breast cancer, we transfected MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with either KL or an empty vector. RNA was extracted and total cRNA was used to survey global gene expression in these cells, using HG-U133A (Affymetrix) microarray chips. The analysis revealed attenuation of genes associated with cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. In summary, our data suggest, for the first time, reduced expression and growth inhibitory activities of KL in breast cancer. KL-induced growth inhibition may be mediated by inhibition of the insulin/IGF pathway. The roles of KL as a potential prognostic factor and as a novel therapeutic agent should be explored.
A Single Application of Phosphorus at Planting Improves Long-term Asparagus Root Growth and Yield

ABSTRACTMature Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L) plantings are only marginally responsive to added phosphorus (P). There is little information addressing P needs of new asparagus plantings. In 1999, a trial was established in a P-deficient soil to assess effects of increasing P levels at planting on asparagus growth and productivity. Prior to planting, 0 to 450 kg·ha−1 of P was blended in the planting furrow. Fleshy root growth and carbohydrate content were measured periodically and fern growth was evaluated during the summer and autumn of each year. Spears were harvested beginning in 2001. Increasing soil P levels had a variable effect on asparagus spear yield during limited harvests of 2001 and 2002. By full harvest in 2003–2005, spear yield increased linearly with increasing P. Yield increase was associated with a linear increase in root biomass but not root carbohydrate content. A single early application of P can improve asparagus productivity.
Footprint of droplets after impact onto paper surfaces with a hydrophobic barrier

Abstract This paper presents findings from a study of the impact of liquid droplets onto papers which have been treated to incorporate a hydrophobic barrier. Such papers are currently being explored as new paper-based microfluidic technology for chemical, biological and medical applications, where discrete volumes of liquid (i.e. droplets) are deposited on the paper. We experimentally capture the impingement stage with the aid of high-speed videography and analyze the spreading, retraction and final footprint of the droplets. Understanding the maximum spread and final footprint is important for paper-based devices because it can determine whether or not a droplet that impinges upon them will reach the hydrophilic wicking matrix. We conclude that the final contact area (footprint) could be tuned simply by varying the impact energy of the droplet and vapor deposition time. In contrast to untreated papers, droplets impinging on treated papers impregnate the porous structure but there is no subsequent wicking, i.e. the contact line always pins, which is explained by the interaction of the droplet with fibers of the paper.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Stimulants

Psychostimulant medications have become a mainstay in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This article discusses the domains best affected by these drugs and interactions with diagnosis, comorbid psychiatric problems, and developmental disorders. Also examined are the efficacy of long-acting methylphenidate; the evidence for a dissociation of cognitive and social effects of methylphenidate in the classroom; whether there is evidence for a ramp effect in the response to stimulants; whether adult patients with ADHD in partial remission respond to stimulants; and the effect of comorbid anxiety disorders on the response of children with ADHD to psychostimulants.
Relaxations for probabilistically constrained stochastic programming problems: review and extensions

We consider probabilistically constrained stochastic programming problems, in which the random variables are in the right-hand sides of the stochastic inequalities defining the joint chance constraints. Problems of that kind arise in a variety of contexts, and are particularly difficult to solve for random variables with continuous joint distributions, because the calculation of the cumulative distribution function and its gradient values involves numerical integration and/or simulation in large dimensional spaces. We revisit known and provide new relaxations extensions to various probability bounding schemes that permit to approximate the feasible set of joint probabilistic constraints. The derived mathematical formulations relax the requirement to handle large multivariate cumulative distribution functions and involve instead the computation of marginal and bivariate cumulative distribution functions. We analyze the convexity of and computational challenges posed by the inferred relaxations
Teaching behavior technicians to create publication-quality, single-case design graphs in graphpad prism 7

In this investigation, we (a) define the desirable features of publication-quality, single-case design graphs based on recommendations in the scholarly literature, (b) suggest GraphPad Prism as a suitable graphing program for creating graphs with those features, and (c) develop and validate a video-modeling tutorial designed to train behavior technicians to create such graphs. Our review identified nine commonly recommended features, and Prism facilitated the creation of graphs with those features. We evaluated the effects of a video-modeling tutorial on graphing performance in Prism using a multiple-baseline design. All four technicians showed mastery-level graphing accuracy with accompanying increases in efficiency following training, which maintained at follow-up without direct feedback from an expert behavior analyst. Social-validity measures found the posttraining graphs to be significantly better than publication quality. We discuss these findings relative to challenges of developing efficient and effective staff-training tutorials.
Multiple Laser Probes of Intramolecular Dynamics at Chemically Significant Energies

Optical-infrared and infrared-optical double resonance schemes incorporating vibrational overtone excitation provide a new view of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) in dissociating molecules. In the first approach, an infrared predissociation spectrum of a molecule is recorded subsequent to light atom stretch overtone excitation. Such spectra directly reveal the extent of vibrational state mixing and the nature of the dark states involved in IVR at the excited level. The second approach employs infrared-optical double resonance to generate fully rotationally resolved vibrational overtone spectra of small molecules at energies above their unimolecular dissociation threshold. The spectral splittings and linewidths of single rotational transitions to dissociative states provide information about the rotational motion of a vibrationally excited molecule as it moves toward dissociation. These studies also reveal a marked vibrational mode dependence to the coupling matrix elements between the zeroth-order bright state and nearly isoenergetic dark states. This paper describes applications of these double resonance techniques to HOOH, HONO2and (CH3)3COOH.
“How Much Does Property Cost Up There?”: Exploring the Relationship between Women, Sustainable Farming, and Rural Gentrification in the US

Using in-depth interviews with women engaged in sustainable farming in the western United States, this project explores an unanticipated finding: migration from an urban area to rural “Prairie Coun...
Current energy state interacts with the developmental environment to influence behavioural plasticity

There is increasing evidence that among-individual differences in behaviour are, in part, generated by environmental effects. For example, diet quality can have drastically different effects on behavioural variation depending on whether it acts primarily during ontogeny (i.e. as a permanent environmental effect) or has an immediate effect on trait expression as a consequence of energy intake (i.e. temporary source of variation). Moreover, whether diet quality has a stronger effect on a trait's average expression, its variance or its covariance with other traits, remains unclear. We used a 2 × 2 factorial design crossing life stage (juvenile and adult) and diet quality (low- or high-energy content) to disentangle the effects of developmental and adult diets on the expression of behavioural differences. We tested 281 crickets for their activity levels, responses to predator cues and body mass. Neither developmental diet nor adulthood diet had any effect on population means or on the expression of an activity–antipredator response syndrome, suggesting a genetic basis for this syndrome. We did find evidence for increases in the within-individual variance as a result of exposure to a high-quality diet. However, these increases were only found for antipredator response and body mass. This indicates that diets with higher energy content can increase the potential for behavioural plasticity in antipredator response. In addition to changes in within-individual variation in behaviour, diet quality during development also mediated the links between maturation time and exploratory behaviours. More exploratory crickets matured faster when exposed to the low-quality developmental diet, but this relation was absent in the high-quality diet treatment. Our results show that changes in developmental diet quality can mediate the relationship between life history and behavioural traits later in life.
Effect of Diluents on the Autoignition of Propane Mixtures Using a Rapid Compression Machine

The autoignition process of different propane mixtures was studied to determine how the diluent choice (helium and argon/nitrogen) affects the ignition delay, the production of excited radicals, and the overall combustion process. An optically accessible rapid compression machine, high-speed camera, flame spectrometer, and numerical model were used to investigate the combustion process. The ignition delay times were measured at a wide range of compressed gas temperatures from 860 to 950 K, a compressed gas pressure of approximately 34 bar, and two equivalence ratios of 1.0 and 1.5. Chemiluminescence at wavelengths of 309, 555, 590, and 623 nm from the decay of excited radicals was detected during the autoignition process, and their respective intensities were measured and compared at various test conditions. A new kinetic model was built by combining reaction rates of excited radicals and species from the literature. The new model was validated against the measured ignition delay data of this work. The ig...
292) Lumbar Radiculopathy in the Pregnant Patient

Lumbar radiculopathy is a common cause of low back and leg pain in many patients. While there are multiple interventions both medical and surgical for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy, the options become limited in the pregnant patient. We present the case of a 35-year-old female at 25-week gestational age with new onset severe low back and right leg pain. The patient had a history of prior lumbar laminectomy and discectomy for similar symptoms. She presented after failed conservative management with gabapentin and acetaminophen and the pain began to interfere with her daily activities. On presentation to the clinic the patient had severe lumbosacral radiculopathy consistent with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of a new large disc extrusion on the right. After a discussion of the possible interventions the decision was made to treat the lumbar radiculopathy with caudal epidural steroid injection (ESI) performed under ultrasound guidance. Though there is no set maximum radiation dose deemed safe for the fetus by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the consensus is to limit the radiation dose to 50mGy before 15-week gestational age and 250mGy thereafter. Ultrasound guided caudal ESI was decided to be the safest course of action to decrease the amount of radiation to the fetus and minimize the risk of dural puncture given her previous laminectomy. Success was confirmed with easy passing of an epidural catheter and a decreased pain score after the procedure. Additionally, during the management of this patient we noted the new classification system from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding medications in pregnancy. Despite most medication black box warnings maintaining the old category system of A, B, C, D and X; the new FDA system emphasizes the Pregnancy and Lactations Labeling Rule (PLLR) to guide patient discussions and medical management.
The effect of firefighter personal protective equipment on static and dynamic balance.

AbstractFirefighters work in unpredictable conditions, necessitating the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the additional weight from the PPE and self-contained breathing apparat...
Abstract 3391: Dissecting intratumoral cell-cell interactions in myeloid reprogramming by single cell RNA-seq

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells are the most abundant leukocyte population within tumors. Molecular cues from the tumor microenvironment promote the differentiation of immature myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. However, the in situ dynamics of the transcriptional reprogramming underlying this process are poorly understood. Therefore, we applied single cell RNA-seq (scRNAseq) to computationally investigate the cellular composition and transcriptional dynamics of tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 4 early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our scRNA-seq analyses identified 11,485 cells that varied in identity and gene expression traits between normal and tumor tissues. Among these, myeloid cell populations exhibited the most diverse changes between tumor and normal tissues, consistent with tumor-mediated reprogramming. Through trajectory analysis, we identified a differentiation path from CD14+ monocytes to M2 macrophages (monocyte-to-M2). This differentiation path was reproducible across patients, accompanied by increased expression of genes (e.g. MRC1/CD206, MSR1/CD204, PPARG, TREM2) with significantly enriched functions (Oxidative phosphorylation and P53 pathway) and decreased expression of genes (e.g. CXCL2, IL1B) with significantly enriched functions (TNFa signaling via NF-kB and inflammatory response). Our analysis further identified a co-regulatory network implicating upstream transcription factors (JUN, NFKBIA) in monocyte-to-M2 differentiation, and activated ligand-receptor interactions (e.g. SFTPA1-TLR2, ICAM1-ITGAM) suggesting intratumoral mechanisms whereby epithelial cells stimulate monocyte-to-M2 differentiation. Overall, our analysis identified the prevalent monocyte-to-M2 differentiation in NSCLC, accompanied by an intricate transcriptional reprogramming mediated by specific transcriptional activators and intercellular crosstalk involving ligand-receptor interactions. Citation Format: Qianqian Song, Gregory A. Hawkins, Leonard Wudel, Ping-Chieh Chou, Elizabeth Forbes, Ashok K. Pullikuth, Liang Liu, Guangxu Jin, Lou Craddock, Umit Topaloglu, Gregory Kucera, Stacey O’Neill, Edward A. Levine, Peiqing Sun, Kounosuke Watabe, Yong Lu, Martha A. Alexander-Miller, Boris Pasche, Lance D. Miller, Wei Zhang. Dissecting intratumoral cell-cell interactions in myeloid reprogramming by single cell RNA-seq [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3391.
Canine ischaemic dermatopathy: a retrospective study of 177 cases (2005–2016)

BACKGROUND: Ischaemic dermatopathy encompasses a poorly understood subset of canine diseases that share similar clinical and histological features. Very little information is currently available regarding population characteristics, progression and outcome. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of ischaemia dermatopathy, excluding familial dermatomyositis, using cases diagnosed by histopathological analysis. ANIMALS: One hundred and seventy‐seven cases submitted for histopathological analysis between 2005 and 2016 met inclusion criteria, of which 93 had complete medical records available. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Both records and pointed surveys were used to retrieve information. Scoring systems were created to subjectively evaluate clinical outcomes and likelihood of a vaccine association. RESULTS: Of 177 cases, toy and miniature poodles, Chihuahuas, Maltese, Yorkshire terriers and Jack Russell terriers were significantly over‐represented (P < 0.001). Of the 93 cases for which historical data were obtained, median age at skin biopsy was five years (0.42–13 years) and median body weight was 7.3 kg (range 1.32–50.3 kg). The condition in 45 dogs (48.3%) was found likely to be associated with vaccination. Younger ages (P = 0.011) and higher body weights (P = 0.003) were positively correlated with greater likelihood of vaccination. Body weight <10 kg (P = 0.0045) and older ages (P = 0.0048) were significantly associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study provides support for breed predispositions and identifies potential prognostic factors. Importantly, over half of the cases were considered unlikely to be vaccine‐associated, demonstrating the need to investigate other underlying causes of this condition.
Dynamic analysis of growth of Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef – Estimation of kinetic parameters, sensitivity analysis, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract Nontyphoidal Salmonella are major foodborne pathogens often associated with raw and undercooked meats. In this study, a cocktail, containing 6 strains, 5 serovars of Salmonella enterica, was inoculated to raw ground beef to observe the bacterial growth and survival under 6 dynamic temperature profiles ranging from 1 to 47 °C during storage. One-step dynamic analysis was used to directly construct predictive models from dynamic growth curves for both background microbiota and Salmonella. The estimated minimum growth temperature (Tmin) for Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef was 9.9 °C, and its population would gradually decrease at a rate of approximately 0.14 log CFU/g per week per °C below this temperature. Above 17.3 °C, Salmonella would grow faster than the background microbiota. Scaled sensitivity coefficients were calculated to determine the identifiability of the kinetic parameters. The models were validated using dynamic growth curves set aside for validation. The root-mean-square-errors (RMSE) of prediction were identical to those of model development (0.6 log CFU/g) for the deterministic method. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation was used to generate the posterior distribution of kinetic parameters and to predict the bacterial growth. The results showed that the observed growth data were mostly within the range of mean ± standard deviation of the stochastic predictions. The RMSE of prediction by MCMC analysis was only 0.2 log CFU/g, showing that Bayesian MCMC simulation can be used to more accurately predict the growth of Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef. The results from this study may help conduct more accurate risk assessments of Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef during storage and temperature abuse.
FANCD2 and RAD51 Regulate PCNA Monoubiquitination and Translesion Synthesis

FANCD2 is a key player in Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway. It has been shown that PCNA and Rad18 can interact with FANCD2 and regulate FANCD2 monoubiquitination. Rad18 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for PCNA monoubiquitination, which is critical for PCNA function in translesion synthesis (TLS). Previous work by us and others has shown that the FA pathway interacts with PCNA and RAD18. Even though FA cells demonstrate unequivocal sensitivity to crosslinkers such as mitomycin C (MMC), we find surprisingly that they are largely resistant to hydroxyurea (HU), except for cells containing no expression of FANCD2. In order to understand the mechanism for this finding, we explored the interaction of FANCD2, Rad51, Rad18, and PCNA, which form a complex and is enhanced upon HU exposure. While FANCD2 is required, monoubiquitination of FANCD2 is not. In addition, PCNA monoubiqutination follows exactly the same pattern. The monoubiquitination of PCNA in response to HU in FANCA deficient mutant confirms that non-ubiquitinated FANCD2 can still support PCNA monoubiquitination. Rad51, but not BRCA1 is also required in regulating PCNA monoubiquitination in response to HU, suggesting that this function is independent of homologous recombination (HR). We further show that translesion polymerase Pol H chromatin localization is decreased in FANCD2 deficient cells, FANCD2 siRNA knock down cells and Rad51 siRNA knock down cells. Our data suggest that FANCD2 and Rad51 play an important role in PCNA monoubiquitination and TLS in a FANCD2 monoubiquitination and HR-independent manner in response to HU. This effect is not observed with mitomycin C (MMC) treatment, indicating that DNA repair systems differentially respond to different types of DNA damage. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ShapeNet: Age-focused Landmark Shape Prediction with Regressive CNN

Deep neural networks are widely used in the segmentation and classification of medical images. However, little work has addressed the prediction of shapes based on population data over time as a regression problem. In this paper, we introduce a regressive convolutional neural network for landmark-based shape prediction. Unlike the conventional CNN model, the proposed network takes the input of a target age, and outputs the corresponding shape for that age. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ShapeNet to predict corpus callosum and mandible shapes with correct topology and accurate fitting that matches real-world scenarios. The proposed ShapeNet can predict the shape variation of high dimensional and nonlinear data, which is often critical to understanding the processes that change the shape of anatomy in biology and medical fields.
Modified Floquet Scattering Matrix Method for Solving N-path Networks

With advances in semiconductor technology, researchers have begun exploring periodic time-modulation as a route to non-reciprocity. One such device, recently used to achieve non-reciprocity, is a N-path network. However, N-path networks can be difficult to design since the number of unknowns in simulation becomes proportional to the number of paths. By relating the frequency harmonics on the different paths, the problem size is reduced by a factor of N (the number of paths). This dramatically reduces the runtime and memory requirements, and improves the convergence of N-path network simulations. Following a description of the computational method used in this work, a validation of the code and an application example is reported.
The Community Union model of organizing in Rio Grande Valley colonias

In theorizing community organizing, Saul Alinsky’s model still forms the dominant narrative in the United States. Yet, countless communities do not map neatly onto this model. In particular, there ...
P50 Evaluating the Utilization of School Gardens in Florida Through a Teacher Survey

Objective To evaluate the use of school gardens accompanying nutrition education for 3rd through 5th graders provided by the UF/IFAS Extension Family Nutrition Program (FNP) through process evaluation. Use of Theory or Research Prior research establishes the benefits of school gardens, including improved preference for healthy foods and increased physical activity but are difficult to maintain because of limited time, funding, and engagement. In addition, there is variability in how gardens are utilized. Target Audience Florida 3rd to 5th grade teachers (n = 209) of classrooms that received FNP nutrition education and garden support during the 2018-2019 school year. Program Description FNP provides and helps to maintain over 200 gardens annually through financial and staff support. Gardens are only supported at schools where FNP provides nutrition education. Evaluation Methods An online survey tool was developed through an expert panel consisting of FNP programmatic and evaluation staff and aimed to measure the use and support of gardens. Sixteen questions queried teachers on their classroom's use of the garden, outside support, integration in educational curriculum, and production. Results Teachers (n = 35) representing over 500 students reached by FNP nutrition education completed the survey. Students spent an average of 2,639 minutes in the garden throughout the school year. This ranged from 480 to 5,400 minutes. A majority of teachers report using the garden as a teaching tool outside of FNP-provided nutrition education (88%). All respondents reported that students were involved in at least planting, weeding or harvesting. Once harvested, food is most commonly used for taste tests (91%). Twenty-three percent of respondents reported that schools partially fund gardens. Conclusions There is variability in how SNAP-Ed funded school gardens are utilized and supported. Possible implications include using highly utilized gardens as examples when working with schools and working through barriers such as time and resources. The results also demonstrate that gardens should not be treated as dichotomous variables when used in evaluation. Limitations include a low response rate, possibly caused by time constraints faced by teachers. This could cause a nonresponse bias. In-person surveys delivered by local staff may increase response rates.
Efficient Risk Estimation Using Extreme Value Theory and Simulation Metamodeling

This paper considers a new approach for constructing metamodels for capturing tail behavior in stochastic systems, e.g., simulation outputs. Specifically, we are concerned with the problem of global estimation of the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) surface, given (stochastic) responses from a collection of design points. The approach combines stochastic kriging, which has previously been shown to work well for metamodeling of discrete-event simulation output, with extreme value theory, which is a powerful statistical tool for estimating tail behavior. We present the general methodology and promising results of preliminary computational experiments.
We can’t just shut up and play: How the NBA and WNBA are helping dismantle systemic racism

In 2020, the lack of an administrative response to the rising rates of COVID-19 and the inability of public leaders to provide proper oversight and accountability for unjust government actions by (police officers) presents a clear case of the failure of the administrative state These actions have led to a national outcry by individuals and organizations (in particular Black Lives Matter (BLM)) that are fed up with the inequity that exists in society Unlike prior movements, BLM in its current form has gained a powerful ally in members of professional sports, in particular the NBA and the WNBA While sport figures have protested administrative failures before, this new wave of athletes have been able to capitalize on their positions and gain the support of their respective associations In this dialogue, we explore the emergence of the Black American athlete as a key group in creating change within the administrative state, highlighted by the actions of LeBron James and Maya Moore as well as organizational support from both the NBA and the WNBA to combat social injustice across several settings Finally, we assert that athletes play a powerful role in pushing forward the conversation around institutional and systemic racism in society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Administrative Theory & Praxis (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Computing Capitalisms—Part 2

Presents the second installment of Computing Capitalisms: History, Business, and Information Technology. This series, introduced in the July–September 2020 issue, is a call to expand the scope of the business history of computing—from its traditional emphasis on IT firms and computing markets toward the broader political-economic and sociocultural forces that dynamically structure their operation. The first issue of the series celebrated new directions in the study of the state as a factor in the business history of computing. It highlighted the state as a site to observe the coproduction of social visions and technological systems and emphasized how the character and deployment of state powers can shape the political economy of IT.1 This second issue offers case studies that expand upon the institutions traditionally taken up in business histories of computing, focusing on a range of organizational settings in which computing plays a part in the coordination and management of economic resources. The three featured articles address computing capitalisms in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the United States and explore how efforts to computerize work in a range of institutional settings—from hospitals, to banks, to psychological testing firms—triggered complex negotiations about labor, industry structure, and the role of scientific expertise in a corporate setting.
The dentist's first turn-at-talk in Korean dental visits

Abstract This study examines the initial moments of dental visits in Korea by focusing on the dentist's very first turn that initiates interaction with the patient. Using the method of conversation analysis, 34 video recordings were transcribed and analyzed to explore the design of the dentist's first turns and how they shape the trajectory of interaction. Findings show that the dentist initiates either task-oriented or social talk in the first turn. With a task-oriented first turn, the dentist moves directly to the business of the visit, constructing the interaction as transactional/task-focused and facilitating the progression of the consultation. In contrast, with social talk, the dentist invites the patent to engage in an opening activity to produce a more social/personal encounter, postponing the launching of medical activities. The findings shed light on the specialty- and culture-specific practices of dental care in Korea as well as the generic practices of social interaction.
Digital Professionalism in Patient Care: A Case Based Survey of Patients.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to obtain the perception of patients on the use of portable digital media devices by providers during patient care and compare the findings to a previous study that examined providers’ perceptions on the use of these devices. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional survey study. SETTING This study took place at a large tertiary referral center. PARTICIPANTS Participants were identified via inpatient lists from general surgery services. RESULTS Of those eligible to participate, 70% completed the questionnaire. While some situations were seen as less appropriate, the overall consensus from participants was that informing the patient of why the physician is using a digital media device made it more appropriate. CONCLUSION Patients recognize digital device use in healthcare is appropriate and professional when discussed with them in advance. Overall, patients and providers are in agreement that portable digital technology can improve patient care and open communication about the use improves the provider-patient relationship. There is some risk to patient trust in using digital devices in their presence.