cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intermittent and Continuous Monitoring of the Facial Nerve: From the Ear to the Neck

The technology of facial nerve monitoring has evolved over the past 50 years. This article defines two major types of facial nerve monitoring (intermittent and continuous), delves into the current literature that supports the use of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in procedures from the ear to the neck, and provides specific tips for monitoring during these procedures. Intermittent facial nerve monitoring, otherwise known as mapping, has two subtypes including intraoperative facial nerve mapping and preoperative facial nerve mapping. Continuous facial nerve monitoring also has two subtypes including passive continuous facial nerve monitoring (free-run EMG) and active continuous facial nerve monitoring (neuromonitoring). Intraoperative facial nerve mapping combined with free-run EMG is most commonly utilized in parotid, otologic, and vestibular schwannoma surgery. Preoperative facial nerve mapping is currently used exclusively for facial vascular malformation surgery while active continuous facial nerve monitoring is gaining popularity in parotid and complex facial vascular malformation surgery.
Autonomous Wheelchair Indoor-Outdoor Navigation System through Accessible Routes

Persons with disabilities who use power wheelchairs often have difficulty finding accessible routes to their destination from their outdoor location into the desired building or from their indoor location into another destination. This challenge can be alleviated through sensory information and preloaded map of the building and its surrounding outdoor areas. In this work, a power wheelchair system is integrated with a sensory suite and an autonomous control module to navigate the wheelchair in autonomous mode. A landmark-based autonomous navigation system using Quick Response (QR) code and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is used for automatic communication between the power wheelchair and various locations in a designated building. For the outdoor navigation system, Autonomous Wheelchair Indoor-Outdoor Navigation System (AWI-ONS) relies on GPS signals and Google Maps. For indoor navigation, QR codes are placed in several key locations inside and outside the building, such as parking lots and garages, doorways, offices, bathrooms, stores, elevators, accessible entrances, and passageways. When scanned by the onboard camera, the AWI-ONS downloads the building floorplan from the Firebase server for indoor navigation. The floor plan with QR code information generates a topological map that is made available to the user through a touch screen user interface (UI). The user can select the destination, and AWI-ONS will generate the most viable and accessible path to the desired location using modified Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm. The AWI-ONS is fitted with Ultrasound-based obstacle avoidance system that is designed to avoid a possible collision while navigating towards the destination.
Stay Positive: Self-talk in Relation to Motivational Climate, Goal Orientation, and Self-talk Encouragement in Tennis.

PURPOSE Motivation among young athletes can be reflected in their self-talk, a behavior that is often encouraged by coaches. Most research on self-talk in sport involves self-report, thus observational studies of the actual self-talk used in sport in relation to athlete motivation and coach support are needed. METHODS We observed young elite tennis athletes (N = 28) talking to themselves on the court and obtained self-reported measures of self-talk use, goal-orientation for sport, perception of coach motivational climate, and coach encouragement of self-talk. Results Results showed that higher levels of perceived coach mastery climate and personal mastery orientation typically coincided with more reported use of positive self-talk, while higher levels of perceived ego climate coincided with more frequent observed positive and motivational self-talk on the court. Coaches generally encouraged self-talk, but associations between coach encouragement and athlete self-talk use were sparse. CONCLUSION Results suggest researchers need to examine how encouragement of self-talk affects both reported (inner) and observed (external) self-talk in youth sport.
Understanding Social Workers’ Well-Being through Their Valued Aspirations

Recent studies across various contexts have shown that social workers’ well-being or lack thereof affects their ability to advance social well-being. This is even more marked in a context such as South Africa in which social workers often function with very few resources and in contexts of extreme poverty. Using the capability approach, this qualitative study deals with the question of social workers’ well-being. It focuses on social workers’ aspirations, the ideals to which they aspire as a window to understanding their well-being as professionals. Drawing from interviews with practising social workers and social work students from a South African university, the study (a) examines social workers’ understanding of professional well-being, (b) identifies social workers’ aspirations and their connection to well-being achievement, and (c) outlines the necessary opportunities for the achievement of social workers’ valued aspirations. By paying particular attention to social workers’ aspirations, this article proposes a much broader understanding of social workers’ well-being than is possible when we focus on individual aspects of professionals’ well-being such as physical health or positive psychological functioning. The findings suggest that, apart from physical and emotional wellness, social workers understand their well-being in terms of achieving their valued aspirations, namely, effective helping, professional growth, personal growth, and material achievements. The study identifies several capabilities necessary for social workers’ professional well-being.
Radarbasierte Fahrerassistenzsysteme fuer alle Fahrzeugklassen

In der Automobilindustrie werden Radarsysteme seit rund zehn Jahren eingesetzt. Dennoch steckt die Technologie, wie bei vielen anderen Fahrerassistenzsystemen, noch in den Kinderschuhen. Die neue Generation der Radarsensorik soll durch eine attraktive Preispolitik eine grosere Marktdurchdringung in allen Fahrzeugklassen erreichen. TRW stellt zwei Losungen vor, die die komplexen Anforderungen der Markte und Hersteller bedienen.
Changing Objectives: Chicago Metro Floodwater Plan

Within the Chicago metropolitan area there was an urgent need to formulate floodwater management plans which would be accepted by local citizens and agencies and also satisfy requirements for Federal participation in implementation. The process was one of establishing watershed steering committees with close citizen, community and agency involvement from a grassroots level. Technical assistance was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and local sponsors. The process encouraged formulation of plans that contained a unique balance of structural and nonstructural elements which merged into a comprehensive plan with broad-based support. Structural measures ranged from excavated reservoir and dike and channel improvements to modifications of existing structures.
Putting the physical into the digital: issues in designing hybrid interactive surfaces

Hybrid surfaces are interactive systems combining techniques of direct-manipulation multi-touch surface interaction with elements of tangible user interfaces (TUIs). The design space for such complex hands-on computing experiences is sufficiently broad that it can be difficult to decide when interface elements should be given either a physical or digital instantiation, and the extent to which different interface functions should be made to model real-world interactions. In this paper we present two case studies of hybrid surface systems we are developing and discuss how we have reasoned through these kinds of design decisions. From this, we derive a set of observations about properties of physical and digital elements, and offer them as a design resource.
Pommells: The Facts, Nothing But the Facts

This article is a criticism of the "Paradigm Shift in No-Fault 'Serious Injury' Litigation" by Joseph D. Nohavicka which concluded that the lower courts of New York were charged with removing fraudulent serious injury cases from the court system pursuant to the Court of Appeal’s Decision in Pommells v. Perez, 4 N.Y.3d 566 (2005). His article argues that the Pommells decision elaborates longstanding guidelines mandated by the Court of Appeals, clarifying the burdens on a plaintiff seeking to defeat summary judgment where there is a gap or cessation of treatment or sufficient proof in support of the motion establishing a pre-existing condition as the cause of plaintiff’s injuries. No duty is placed on trial courts to determine fraud in the summary judgment context.
Solid-state chemistry and crystal structure of cefaclor dihydrate.

Cefaclor [7-(D-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-chloro-3-cepham-4-carboxylic acid] crystallizes as the dihydrate. Crystals belong to space group P21, with a = 10.626(3), b = 7.1288(9), c = 14.124(3), and β = 121.6(2). The structure was solved using direct methods and refined to an R of 0.0535. The bond lengths, angles, and conformation determined are as expected for cephalosporins. The two water molecules are held in the crystal differently. The 13C solid-state NMR spectrum of cefaclor dihydrate is also reported and is consistent with its crystal structure.
A numerical study of inferred rockfish (Sebastes spp.) larval dispersal along the central California coast

Successful recruitment of marine fishes depends on survival during early life-history stages, which is influenced by oceanic advection due to its impact on coastal trophodynamics and transport processes. Here we evaluate the influence of ocean circulation on the dispersal of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) larvae along the central California coast using an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System, driven at the surface by output from the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System. Thousands of floats simulating rockfish larval propagules, constrained to follow fixed depths, were released over a broad coastal area at 2-day intervals, and transported by simulated ocean currents at depths of 1, 7, 20, 40, and 70 m. Trajectory statistics are averaged across the 4-yr period from January 2000 through December 2003 to reveal mean trajectory direction, net displacement, fractional cross-shore loss, and duration of retention for different seasons. On average, near-surface propagules originating nearshore are transported offshore during the upwelling season, whereas deeper propagules move alongshore to the north. This vertical shear vanishes during winter, with most floats moving alongshore to the north, regardless of depth. After 35 days in the water column, typical transport distances were 50 km for floats remaining nearshore and 150 km for floats over the midshelf and slope. Implications for performance of marine reserves for rockfish conservation are discussed. Our results also provide evidence for a strong semiannual pattern of coastal retention rates, with high export of nearsurface drifters during the upwelling season. In contrast, high rates of shelf retention occurred for releases at 20 m and deeper during summer, and at all depths during winter.
The Culture of Slander in Early Modern England: Allegories of defamation in The Faerie Queene Books iv–vi

The Legend of Friendship, the first book of the second installment of The Faerie Queene , opens by taking the perspective of a critic of the poet's work in what appears to be a self-criticism. Here “Kingdomes causes … affaires of state” and virtue itself are presented as antithetical to the false allurements of love that the poet takes as his subject. The minister of state authoritatively judges and rejects “vaine poemes weeds” which lead to folly frail youth “that better were in vertues discipled” (iv. Proem I). However, the second stanza of this book reveals the injustice of this allegation by rejecting the judgment of the critic; culpability now lies with the speaker of this false imputation rather than with his victim. Such ones ill iudge of loue, that cannot loue, Ne in their frosen hearts feele kindly flame: For thy they ought not thing vnknowne reproue, Ne naturall affection faultless blame. ( iv . Proem 2) Love is the root of “of honor and all vertue,” and poetry, in taking it as its subject, promotes, rather than undermines, virtuous discipline. Spenser brilliantly aligns himself with the example of Elizabeth, the queen whose rhetoric often justified her rule by the love she bore her subjects and who managed the factions at her court by styling them as suitors for her affection, to ballast his defense of love poetry. The “rugged forhead” may have foresight regarding state concerns, but he is rejected as one of the “Stoicke censours” (IV. Proem 3.9) who misunderstands love's relation to virtue and hence cannot serve as a sufficient audience for the poem.
The effect of sodium cyanate on globin synthesis

The incubation of peripheral blood with mained constant despite the reduction of sodium cyanate produced dose-related sup- total synthesis. The effects were also found pression of hemoglobin synthesis. Addition in peripheral blood and bone marrow of of 5 mM sodium cyanate reduced globin without hemoglobinopathies. The synthesis in the peripheral blood of a patient results suggest that further studies of the with sickle cell disease by 34#{176}/o, while 25 effect of cyanate on protein synthesis are mM cyanate reducedsynthesis by 92#{176}/o. The necessary before widespread use of the relative synthesis of a- and fl-chains re- drug in sickle cell disease.
Photoemission and the Kondo model: Serious discrepancies between theory and experiment in heavy fermion systems

Abstract Resonant photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to examine the electronic structure of Ce- and Yb-based heavy fermions. The experimental results are compared with Gunnarsson-Schonhammer calculations which include crystal field and finite Uff effects. Comparison of the model and experimental results reveals a large disparity between predictions and actual results. In particular, the Kondo model predictions of width, energy position and spectral weight for features near the Fermi level are not realized. Additionally, there is disparity between calculation and photoemission data in the Fermi-level crossing positions for spectral features very near the Fermi level. These discrepancies are present for both Ce and Yb heavy fermion systems. We see no evidence of spectral features in the photoemission data which can be uniquely identified with the Kondo resonance while our calculations show the resolution is adequate to clearly distinguish such features.
Chiropractic students' attitudes about vaccination: a cause for concern?

Immunization was, without question, one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century.[1][1] Given its continuing success in controlling diseases that once maimed or killed, vaccination should be recognized as an important part of health care or, at the very least, an acceptable
Neurospora: The Organism behind the Molecular Revolution

U NDER the title “Fifty Years Ago: The Neurospora Revolution,” HOROWITZ (1 99 1) has celebrated an anniversary of the epochal 1941 paper of BEADLE and TATUM, which reported the first mutants with biochemically defined nutritional requirements. HOROWITZ’S account and others (HOROWITZ 1973, 1985, 1990; LEDERBERC 1990) have focused on the people who were involved, the genesis of their ideas, and the role of the 1941 results in transforming biology. The present essay will be concerned mainly with the research organism that was so important to the success of the initial experiments. Neurospora possesses a combination of features that made it an ideal choice not only for accomplishing the original objectives set by BEADLE and TATUM but also for a continuing succession of contributions, including many in areas that transgress the bounds of biochemical genetics and molecular biology. 1 shall begin by outlining the story of Neurospora prior to BEADLE and TATUM and then go on to sketch its subsequent history. The previous accounts have stressed biochemical genetics and molecular biology. I shall consider other aspects as well, focusing first on genetics, continuing with a summary of research accomplishments of all sorts, and concluding with a consideration of the potential usefulness of Neurospora for population studies. The vegetative phase of Neurospora was described and used for experiments by French microbiologists nearly 100 years before BEADLE and TATUM (PAYEN 1843; MONTAGNE 1843). In the warm, humid summer of 1842, bread from bakeries in Paris was spoiled by massive growth of an orange mold. A commission was set up by the minister of war to investigate the cause of the infestation and to make recommendations. The commission’s report (PAYEN 1843) includes a colored plate which shows colonies, mycelia, conidiophores and conidia of the “champignons rouges du pain.” An experiment in photobiology is described. Colonies
Human migration: theory, models, and empirical studies.

A general review of studies on internal migration within the United States since 1970 is presented. The author first describes the changes that have occurred during the recent past in U.S. internal migration patterns. The state of knowledge concerning these changes is also assessed. A more abstract discussion of the determinants of migration covering both the theoretical and empirical literature is then presented. Next the empirical findings associated with several new time-series migration data sets are reviewed and the application of econometric methodologies to temporal models of migration is considered. The review concludes with a summary of recent research results and some pointers for future research.
Propagation of Coherent Radiation in a Cylindrical Plasma Column

Refraction plays a very significant role in the absorption of laser energy in high temperature plasmas. The geometry considered here is a long cylindrical magnetically confined plasma. The laser pulse is assumed to enter the plasma from the ends. It is then necessary that the radiation propagate the full length of the plasma so that it will be absorbed. The refraction of the laser radiation in the plasma column depends on the radial distribution of the density. Several representative density profiles are considered and solutions for the propagation are presented. It is shown that a profile with the maximum density on the axis is very difficult to heat over long distances; but, if the density has a minimum on the axis, then the plasma column acts like a “light pipe” and traps the laser beam. In this case the effective absorption length of the laser beam is also reduced.
Hydroquinone and catechol reduce the frequency of progenitor B lymphocytes in mouse spleen and bone marrow

Hydroquinone and catechol are two metabolites of benzene that are potential inducers of hematotoxicity. We investigated the in vivo toxicity of these metabolites toward the development of polyclonal, plaque-forming cells (PC-PFC) from progenitor B lymphocytes. Dextran sulfate (DxS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or the two mitogens combined (DxS + LPS) were used to induce proliferation and maturation of these progenitors to PC-PFC. Groups of 4 C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 2 daily doses, either intravenously or intraperitoneally, of hydroquinone (100 mg/kg) or catechol (75 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. Spleen and marrow cells were harvested for culture 1 day later. The results demonstrated that both metabolites were cytotoxic to spleen cells. Hydroquinone (100 mg/kg) also reduced marrow cellularity, whereas catechol (75 mg/kg) did not significantly affect marrow cellularity. Each compound reduced the frequency of PC-PFC developed from the spleens and marrows of treated mice, but only catechol selectively inhibited the maturation of LPS-activated marrow progenitors into end-stage PC-PFC. These experiments demonstrate the immunotoxic potential of hydroquinone and catechol in vivo through the reduction of progenitor B lymphocytes and suggest that inhibition of precursor cell maturation may play a significant role in the hematotoxicity observed after chronic exposure to benzene.
The effect of molecular diffusion on mixing in fluidized beds

Gas mixing in a 6·5 in fluidized bed of sand was studied using frequency response techniques with He and CO2 tracers. Samples taken in the bed, where the probe saw mainly dense phase gas, had a lower amplitude ratio than samples at the top of the bed where the bubble contribution predominated. The gas interchange coefficients showed a small dependence on the molecular diffusivity at about twice the minimum fluidization velocity but no effect of diffusivity at high velocities.
USE OF AUXILIARY DATA FOR SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF OZONE EXPOSURE IN SOUTHEASTERN FORESTS

In order to assess the impact of tropospheric ozone on forests, it is necessary to quantify ozone exposure on regional scales. Since ozone monitoring stations are widely scattered and mostly concentrate in urban and suburban areas, some form of spatial interpolation is necessary to estimate ambient air quality at non-monitored forested sites. This paper examines four different interpolation procedures for estimating ozone exposure as quantified by the SUM06 index (sum of hourly concentrations at or above 0.06 ppm) for July 1988 within the geographic range of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southeastern United States. The first three methods, inverse distance weighting (INVD), inverse distance squared weighting (INVD2), and ordinary kriging, are routinely used interpolators. In addition, we examined the use of cokriging, a geostatistical procedure which utilizes additional information from correlated auxiliary variables to aid in estimation, with a synthetic ozone exposure potential index (EPI). This index incorporated monthly data on anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxides (NOx), average daily maximum temperature, wind directional frequencies, and distance downwind from anthropogenic NOx sources. The EPI index had a correlation coefficient of 0.626 with monitored SUM06 measurements. Cross-validation indicated that the accuracy and precision of the interpolators increased in the order: INVD < INVD2 < ordinary kriging < cokriging. Cokriging with EPI exhibited 44–62 per cent lower mean error, 0–10 per cent lower mean absolute error, 6–14 per cent lower error standard deviation, and 4–10 per cent higher predicted versus observed r2 values than the other three methods. These results show the potential for use of additional covariate data for prediction of ozone exposure in forested areas. However, increased monitoring of forested areas is needed to more adequately characterize forest exposure to ozone and its consequences. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of MSI (metal-support interactions) on phenylacetaldehyde hydrogenation over Pt catalysts

Abstract TiO2-supported Pt, after a high-temperature reduction (HTR) at 773 K to induce the SMSI state, had a turnover frequency (TOF) for phenylacetylaldehyde hydrogenation that was 15–20 times higher than TOF values for Pt dispersed on either SiO2 or η-Al2O3 and, since all supported catalysts had Pt dispersions of unity (1 nm crystallites), the TOF for Pt TiO 2 (HTR) based on complete dispersion was still 2–5 times greater than the other supported catalysts. More importantly, selectivity to 2-phenylethanol was markedly enhanced over Pt TiO 2 (HTR), comprising 70% of the product at conversions as high as 60%. Pt TiO 2 after a low temperature reduction (LTR) at 473 K gave neither the high TOFs nor the enhanced selectivity. Among these catalysts the highest activation energy of 12.4 kcal/mol was attained with Pt TiO 2 (HTR) and the reaction order on phenylacetaldehyde was between 0 and 1 2 while that on H2 was around 1 2 or higher. At higher conversions (over 50%) significant hydrogenolysis activity to form benzene and toluene occurred on all Pt catalysts except Pt TiO 2 (HTR). The higher hydrogenation activity and suppressed hydrogenolysis capability with the Pt TiO 2 (HTR) catalyst is attributed to TiOx species migrating onto the Pt surface to create active sites at the Pt-titania interface while simultaneously destroying large ensembles of Pt atoms required for hydrogenolysis reactions; however, competitive desorption/readsorption processes must also play a significant role in enhancing selectivity to the intermediate phenylethanol product.
Experimental approaches to myocardial function studies: C15O2 and 81mKr

The role of short-lived gaseous radiotracers in myocardial function studies is reviewed. The evaluation of shunts and ejection fractions characterizing individual chambers is best performed with tracers restricted to those chambers. Classic examples include the C 15 O 2 inhalation radiocardiogram for probing the left-heart performance, with the right heart illuminated by intravenous 133 Xe in saline. A more elegant utilization of rapid physical decay to unravel flow patterns is seen in the use of 81m Kr. Krypton-81m is swept from its parent 81 Rb, either confined to an extracorporeal generator or an in vivo rubidium distribution. The steady-state images that result contain a wealth of dynamic information distilled into its most lucid format.
Dynamically figured Kirkpatrick Baez x-ray microfocusing optics

We present the optical designs, modeling, bender design and test results of x-ray micro- focusing optics used to micro-focus monochromatic undulator x-rays at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The system uses two 100mm long, actively bent mirrors in a Kirkpatrick Baez arrangement. A detailed analytical model of the system's performance is described along with ray tracing result. A description of the integration of the benders into a compete micro- focusing system is provided. The system is easy to setup and use and is presently used in earth science research coupled to techniques such as micro-spectroscopy, fluorescence microprobe, and energy dispersive diffraction. The optics' performance is measured on the GeoSoilEnviroCARS microprobe experimental station at APS sector 13. Focusing tests using 10keV undulator x-rays result in a double focused beam with a horizontal and vertical full width at half maximum of 0.80micrometers X 0.85micrometers , and flux density gain greater than 105.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Scaling of thermohydraulic systems

Abstract The importance of scaling is demonstrated for experiments in small-size test facilities which are used to simulate the thermohydraulic system response of full-size industrial plants. It is shown how scaling facilitates (1) the quantitative ranking of thermohydraulic processes in their order of priority, (2) the rational selection of a test matrix, and therewith (3) the efficient allocation of resources for resolving technical issues of reactor safety. Thermohydraulic processes in components and the system of components are modeled. 29 Scaling groups are presented for systems with forced flow and natural circulation of single- and two-phase flows. System compliances and the matrices of flow inertia and impedance are introduced and scaled, to obtain the scaling criteria for the global interaction between components of integral systems.
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human bladder cancer.

Lymphocytes from patients with bladder, renal or prostate carcinomas, or with non-malignant genito-urinary disorders, and from normal individuals, were tested in a microcytotoxicity test against cultured bladder cancer cells (T24) and other target cell types. Effector cells were titrated over a range of concentrations against target cells to achieve a quantitative measure of toxicity. Tests were shown to be reproducible by repeat tests of normal donors. Lymphocytes from patients with bladder cancer were more strongly cytotoxic to T24 than lymphocytes from normal healthy donors or from patients with renal or prostatic carcinomas. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) by lymphocytes from bladder-cancer patients, however, was not significantly stronger than CMC by lymphocytes from patients with non-malignant GU disorders. Strength of CMC against T24 by lymphocytes from patients with bladder cancer correlated inversely with the extent of disease. Patients with superficial and locally invasive lesions showed strongest anti-T24 reactivity while patients with disseminated disease had CMC equivalent to normals. In tests against target cells derived from amnion of carcinomas of the breast, cervix and/or colon, CMC by lymphocytes from bladder-cancer patients was not significantly different from that of any other group. Lymphocytes from all donor groups were cytotoxic at some level to cells from cultures derived from bladder cancer and other tissues, although cell lines differed in apparent vulnerability in CMC tests.
Cold start of polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Three-stage startup characterization

Abstract In this paper, the electrochemical kinetics, oxygen transport and solid water formation within the cathode electrode of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) during cold start is investigated. We specifically evaluate the key parameters that govern the self-startup of PEFCs by considering a wide range of the relevant factors. These parameters include characteristic time scales of cell warm-up, ionomer hydration in the catalyst layer, ice build-up and melting, as well as the ratios of the time constants. Supporting experimental observation using neutron imaging and isothermal cold start experiment is discussed. Gas purge is found to facilitate the PEFC cold start but the improvement may be relatively small compared with other methods such as selecting suitable materials and modifying the cell design. We define a three-step electrode process for cold start and conduct a one-dimensional analysis, which enables the evaluation of the impact of ice volume fraction and temperature variations on the cell cold start performance. The ionic conductivity data of Nafion® 117 membrane at subfreezing temperature, evaluated from experiment, is utilized to analyze the temperature dependence of the ohmic polarization during cold start.
Training and Supervision of Counselors at a Residential Grief Camp

Peer-based grief camps, utilizing a volunteer staff, represent one method of mutual aid support for children. Manitou Experience is an example of a week-long residential camp for grieving boys. The recruitment, training, and supervision of Manitou Experience’s camp counselors and clinical team members are explained as they relate to program development and facilitation of positive change in its campers. Strengths and challenges of group processes are explored and discussed.
Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping of Liquid Film in Horizontal Annular Configuration

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping is associated with the heterocharge layers of finite thickness in the vicinity of the electrodes, which are based on the process of dissociation of the neutral electrolytic species and recombination of the generated ions. This work numerically studies the electrically driven liquid film flow in horizontal annular configuration based on electric conduction phenomenon. The numerical domain considered is represented by a two dimensional developing axisymmetric channel flow of a liquid separated from vapor by a horizontal interface. Two electrode designs are selected for this study: zero drag and non-zero drag electrode configurations. Laminar formulation is utilized for annular flow in the absence of gravity. The electric field and electric body force distributions in axial and radial directions along with flow field and velocity profiles for two electrode designs are presented and fundamentally analyzed. IN addition to the above, similar but limited results are provided for EHD conduction pumping of liquid film in horizontal annular configuration in the presence of gravity. In this case, a k — e model with near wall treatment is incorporated for turbulence distribution. The electric body force distribution in axial and radial directions and flow pattern are fundamentally illustrated.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Biomimetic chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Abstract We describe a comparative assessment of the structure–property–process relationship of three-dimensional chitosan–nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and pure chitosan scaffolds in conjunction with their respective biological response with the aim of advancing our insight into aspects that concern bone tissue engineering. High- and medium-molecular-weight (MW) chitosan scaffolds with 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.% fraction of nHA were fabricated by freezing and lyophilization. The nanocomposites were characterized by a highly porous structure and the pore size (∼50 to 120 μm) was in a similar range for the scaffolds with different content of nHA. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy indicated that nHA particles were uniformly dispersed in chitosan matrix and there was a chemical interaction between chitosan and nHA. The compression modulus of hydrated chitosan scaffolds was increased on the addition of 1 wt.% nHA from 6.0 to 9.2 kPa in high-MW scaffold. The water uptake ability of composites decreased with an increase in the amount of nHA, while the water retention ability was similar to pure chitosan scaffold. After 28 days in physiological condition, nanocomposites indicated about 10% lower degree of degradation in comparison to chitosan scaffold. The biological response of pre-osteoblasts (MC 3T3-E1) on nanocomposite scaffolds was superior in terms of improved cell attachment, higher proliferation, and well-spread morphology in relation to chitosan scaffold. In composite scaffolds, cell proliferation was about 1.5 times greater than pure chitosan after 7 days of culture and beyond, as implied by qualitative analysis via fluorescence microscopy and quantitative study through MTT assay. The observations related to well-developed structure morphology, physicochemical properties and superior cytocompatibility suggest that chitosan–nHA porous scaffolds are potential candidate materials for bone regeneration although it is necessary to further enhance the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite.
Durability studies of PBI-based membrane elect rode assemblies for high temperature PEMFCs

Accelerated durability testing of polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was performed using test protocols designed to simulate real life operating conditions. The membrane electrode assemblies were fabricated using a novel ultrasonic sealing method, that reduces process cycle times by 98%. The accelerated durability testing protocols involved fuel cell startup/shutdown, load cycling and thermal cycling processes performed over hundreds of hours. We believe that the ultrasonic sealing technique combined with accelerated durability testing will be vital to the development of high volume fuel cell manufacturing.
Algorithmic collision analysis for evaluating cryptographic systems and side-channel attacks

Side-channel attacks have emerged as a kind of effective security threat targeting system implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Evaluating a cryptographic system's resilience to side-channel attacks is therefore important for secure system design. This paper proposes a novel analysis method for resilience evaluation of cryptographic algorithms, which takes DES as example and reveals inherent algorithmic properties related to side-channel attacks. Collision and confusion coefficients are defined as the algorithmic parameters. The analysis shows that in addition to the side-channel leakage, another algorithm-dependent factor determines the effectiveness of side-channel attacks. With such factor considered, a metric is proposed to evaluate side-channel attacks and system resilience. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the metric.
Sharing State Mental Health Data for Research: Building Toward Ongoing Learning in Mental Health Care Systems.

With the rise of “big data,” the opportunities to use administrative and clinical data to evaluate impact of state level program initiatives are greatly expanded. The National Institute of Mental Health has in recent years supported research studies pooling data across states to address state-relevant questions. This commentary summarizes these activities and describes future platforms that may enhance ongoing work in this area.
Abstract 5103: RNA editing enzyme induces accelerated cell cycle in normal hematopoiesis

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA We have previously shown that inflammation-responsive RNA editase ADAR1 (ademosine deaminases acting on dsRNA) is a contribution factor in CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) disease progression. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) data on primary CML chronic phase and CML blast crisis patient demonstrated over-representation of inflammatory IFN-pathways involved in hematological development. The resulting ADAR1 up-regulation plays important roles in both stem cell differentiation and self-renewal, as indicated by in vitro colony-formation assay and in vivo CML xenotransplantation mouse model. Though we have established ADAR1-mediated RNA editing as a novel theraputic target for treating CML, we do not yet understand the underlying mechanism of RNA editase's involvement in normal hematopoietic stem cells self-renewal and differentiation. In our new study, we describe ADAR1's role in cell cycle regulation of normal hematopoietic stem cell and its molecular editing targets. Normal cord bloods or aged bone marrow samples (CD34+) were lentivirally transduced with either backbone or ADAR1-overexpression vector. The cell cycle status of progenitors was analyzed by FACS and immunofluorescence. The expressions of genes in various cell cycle stages were analyzed by qRT-PCR. CML BC (CD34+) was transduced with lenti-shADAR1 and transplanted into immunodeficient mice. After 20 weeks, hematopoietic organs were harvested and analyzed for cell cycle status by FACS and serial transplantation. Our results demonstrated that ADAR1 accelerates G0 to G1 phase transition in normal hematopoietic stem cells, coupled with increased cell size and elevated expression of Ki67. The expanded population maintains stemness without any significant increase in differentiation. qRT-PCR microarray of cell cycle genes indicates that p21 expression level is reduced by >70% when ADAR1 is overexpressed. Moreover, shRNA knockdown of ADAR1 in CML BC sample shows a reduction of engraftment in bone marrow and spleen, and an enrichment of G0 population in the remaining cells. A decrease of self-renewal capacity as demonstrated by serial engraftment suggests the residual LSC failed to propagate. Our finding suggests carefully regulated A-to-I editing by ADAR1 is essential for the maintenance of proper cell grow and proliferation in HSC. It is plausible that the elevated expression level of ADAR1 observed in CML BC LSC contributes to false regulation of cell cycle that leads to the expansion of malignant leukemia stem cells. Citation Format: Qingfei Jiang, Marianna Zipeto, Angela Cournt, Heather Leu, Leslie Crews, Sheldon Morris, Catriona Jamieson. RNA editing enzyme induces accelerated cell cycle in normal hematopoiesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5103. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5103
A multi-microprocessor neutron spectrometer computer interface system

Abstract A novel computer interface system for neutron or X-ray diffraction instrumentation is described. Consisting of a set of microprocessor controllers, it provides a simple and flexible means of instrument control.
IL-22-producing CD4+ cells are depleted in actively inflamed colitis tissue.

T helper type (Th17) cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22 are important in maintaining mucosal barrier function and may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we analyzed cells from the colon of IBD patients and show that Crohn’s disease (CD) patients had significantly elevated numbers of IL-17+, CD4+ cells compared with healthy controls and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, but these numbers did not vary based on the inflammatory status of the mucosa. By contrast, UC patients had significantly reduced numbers of IL-22+ cells in actively inflamed tissues compared with both normal tissue and healthy controls. There was a selective increase in mono-IL-17-producing cells from the mucosa of UC patients with active inflammation together with increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and c-Maf. Increasing concentrations of TGF-β in lamina propria mononuclear cell cultures significantly depleted Th22 cells, whereas anti-TGF-β antibodies increased IL-22 production. When mucosal microbiota was examined, depletion of Th22 cells in actively inflamed tissue was associated with reduced populations of Clostridiales and increased populations of Proteobacteria. These results suggest that increased TGF-β during active inflammation in UC may lead to the loss of Th22 cells in the human intestinal mucosa.
A nonlinear dirichlet problem with nonhomogeneous boundary data

Estimates on the number of solutions to a certain class of nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems are obtained as a function of boundary data. Of particular interest is that solutions normally expected for these kinds of problems when the derivative of the nonlinearity has large limits at + ∞ and the nonhomogeneous term has a large projection onto the principle eigenspace of the Laplacian, will disappear as positive boundary data is increased sufficiently
Characterization of chromatin binding sites for different forms of uterine progesterone receptor.

Abstract We tested hamster uterine progesterone receptor (Rp) forms for binding to different chromatin preparations. Similar forms of chick oviduct Rp were used for comparison. Hamster Rp elutes from DEAE-Sephacel in the two peaks, peak I at 115 mM KC1 and peak II at 205 mM KC1. Chick Rp peaks I and II elute at 125 mM and 300 mM KC1, respectively. Both chick and hamster peak I displayed a higher level of binding to SDS-stripped chromatin (DNA) than to crude chromatin or 4 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl)-extracted (nucleoacidic protein, NAP) chromatin while peak II bound 50% better to the NAP chromatin than to crude chromatin or DNA. 10 mM molybdate was used to stabilize Rp and to increase Rp recovery. Molybdate-stabilized hamster Rp elutes from DEAE at the peak II position and like peak II, binds poorly to DNA. Since molybdate prevents receptor activation, DNA-Rp interactions require activated Rp. Because molybdate did not prevent Rp binding to NAP chromatin, we conclude that both activated and unactivated Rp bind well to that matrix. Activated hamster Rp could be extracted from crude chromatin, NAP chromatin and DNA with 200 mM KC1. Unactivated Rp was extracted from NAP only with 6 M GuHCl or NaSCN, whereas KC1, glycerol or pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were not able to remove unactivated Rp from NAP. Various Rp forms did not compete with [3H]ORG 2058-Rp for binding to NAP but BSA did compete. Thus a large portion of Rp binding to NAP may represent nonspecific binding rather than binding to a finite number of Rp acceptor sites. These results suggest that the binding of activated Rp to crude chromatin may represent the actual acceptor sites in target cell nuclei. Since the high level of Rp binding sites in NAP chromatin may be an extraction artifact, the involvement of proposed masking proteins in regulating the availability of acceptor sites should be reconsidered. As an alternative to acceptor site regulation, changes in the Rp molecule itself may be important. Rp isolated from hamster uteri on days 1–4 of the estrous cycle was incubated with crude chromatin, NAP chromatin and DNA. The apparent level of Rp binding to chromatin and NAP chromatin increased 2.5-fold from day 1 to day 4, but Rp binding to DNA remained constant. This suggests that ovarian cycle-dependent changes occur in the unactivated Rp which affect its interactions with chromatin, and these changes disappear when receptor is activated. In summary, these studies indicate that the three matrices, crude chromatin-cellulose, NAP chromatincellulose, and DNA-cellulose, bind activated Rp in a KCl-extractable manner. Although NAP chromatin displayed increased salt-resistant Rp binding, such binding was not sensitive to competition with various forms of hormone-Rp complex and it was unaffected by Rp activation state. Our findings indicate that the previous concept of Rp acceptor sites in chromatin should be expanded to include another level of control which appears to involve the receptor protein itself.
A short-term test to predict acceptable levels of exposure to airborne sensory irritants

An animal model has been developed using decrease in respiratory rate in mice as an index of sensory irritation. Concentration-response relationships were developed for 11 sensory irritants. The RD50, defined as the concentration associated with a 50% decrease in respiratory rate, has been shown to have a predictable relationship to sensory irritation in man. By extending the accepted toxicological principle that the ratio lethal/toxic/effective/ineffective/acceptable in diet is 10/1/10−1/10−2/10−3 dosage units to air concentrations, exposure guidelines can be proposed for TLVs, STELs, etc.
Acute Pancreatitis in Cats With Hepatic Lipidosis

The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence, clinical features, and prognosis of acute pancreatitis in cats with hepatic lipidosis. Of 13 cats histologically diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis between July 1988, and November 1989, 5(38%) were also histologically diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. In cats with hepatic lipidosis alone, the signalment, history, physical examination, and clinicopathologic findings were generally indistinguishable from those of cats with concurrent acute pancreatitis except that cats with acute pancreatitis were more likely to be cachectic and to have coagulation abnormalities. Hepatomegaly was seen on abdominal radiographs in both groups. Of the 5 cats with concurrent acute pancreatitis, abdominal ultrasonography detected 1 cat with a hypoechoic pancreas and 5 with peritoneal effusion; those abnormalities were not seen in cats without concurrent acute pancreatitis. Cats with concurrent acute pancreatitis had only a 20% recovery rate, compared with a 50% recovery rate in cats with hepatic lipidosis alone. We conclude that cats with hepatic lipidosis should be rigorously evaluated for concurrent acute pancreatitis because of 1) the rate of disease coincidence, 2) the inability of signalment, history, physical examination, and clinicopathologic findings to adequately distinguish between hepatic lipidosis and acute pancreatitis, 3) the worse prognosis associated with concurrent acute pancreatitis, and 4) the opposing nutritional strategies for hepatic lipidosis and acute pancreatitis.