cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
American Indian Women and Screening Mammography: Findings from a Qualitative Study in Oklahoma.

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is an important public health issue within the American Indian (AI) community in Oklahoma; however, there is limited information to explain the low screening mammography rates among AI women. Purpose: To identify the motivational factors affecting an AI woman's decision to obtain a mammogram. Methods: Through the use of the Theory of Planned Behavior, 24 elicitation interviews were conducted with eligible for mammography AI women obtaining services at an Oklahoma-based tribal clinic. Results: Most women had mixed attitudes toward screening mammography. Environmental-related factors also were cited as barriers in getting a screening mammogram and women recommended improved accessibility to mammography screening. Participants identified family members, friends and their personal physician as critical social referents. No specific culturally related beliefs or taboos were noted. Discussion: This study provides new theoretically guided insights into the motivation of AI wome...
Dissolution of microbubbles generated in seawater obtained offshore: Behavior and surface tension measurements

[1] Ocean water samples were collected from Saint Andrew Bay and the Gulf of Mexico near Panama City, Florida, on board the R/V Athena. Optical microscopy observations of the dissolution of microbubbles generated in these water samples showed that the microbubbles remained spherical and their surfaces remained smooth during dissolution. Comparatively, these bubbles behaved like bubbles coated with expanded phase surfactants, as we show by directly observing the dissolution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) bubbles and citing our previous work involving dissolution of short-chain lipid-coated microbubbles. We apply Epstein and Plesset's model for the dissolution of a 15 to 25 μm radius microbubble to determine surface tension, appropriate for a dissolving bubble coated with expanded phase surfactant. Average surface tensions of dissolving bubbles obtained in multiple locations and from two depths (from the sea-air surface and 10 feet (1 foot = 0.3048 m) below the sea-air surface) range between 21 and 37 dyn/cm with a resulting dissolution time of at least 2 times that of a clean microbubble at an initial radius of 15 μm. We never observed a remnant particle upon completion of dissolution, consistent with the observed smooth dissolution. These visual observations are in contrast to several studies involving visual observations of dissolution of seawater microbubbles. Reasons for these differences are postulated. Generally, our results are consistent with microbubbles coated primarily with short-chain and unsaturated fatty acids or lipids, but with a minority fraction of a long-chain component, all remaining in an expanded phase. Similarities in occasional dimpled morphology and surface tension with SDS/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine–coated bubbles are used to come to this conclusion.
On designing via-configurable cell blocks for regular fabrics

In this paper we describe the design process of a via-configurable block for regular fabrics. The block consists of via-configurable functional cells, via-decomposable flip-flops, and via-configured sizable repeaters. The fabric has fixed layers up to M2. An M1-M2 via mask is used to define the block's functionality. The upper-level metals are customized. Compared to other structures based on LUTs or PLAs, and fixed flip-flops, our block has much smaller area, higher performance and lower power consumption.
Curved shell elements for elastostatics with p-version in the thickness direction

Abstract A curved shell finite element formulation for elastostatics is presented in which the element displacement field approximation in the shell thickness direction can be of an arbitrary desired polynomial order p, thereby permitting strain of at least p−1 order. This is accomplished by introducing additional degrees of freedom in the element displacement field approximation corresponding to the Lagrange interpolating polynomials in the direction of the element thickness. These elements have the important hierarchical property, i.e. the element approximation functions, nodal degrees of freedom, stiffness matrix and equivalent nodal load vectors corresponding to an approximation order p are a subset of those corresponding to the approximation order (p + 1). The formulation ensures C0 continuity across the interelement boundaries. The element geometry is defined using the coordinates of the nodes lying on the middle surface of the element and the nodal point normals to the middle surface. The element displacement approximation consists of hierarchical approximation functions, nodal displacements and the first and the higher derivatives of the displacements at the nodes corresponding to the Lagrange interpolating polynomials (which are complete) in the direction of the shell thickness. The quadratic functional or the total potential energy functional is constructed using the energy approach. The element properties are derived by substituting the hierarchical element displacement approximation into the quadratic functional and then minimizing it with respect to nodal variables or the nodal degrees of freedom. The resulting element stiffness matrix and the equivalent generalized nodal force vectors due to body forces, distributed pressure loads and thermal loadings are all hierarchical. This formulation permits any desired order of displacement approximation in the direction of the shell thickness without remodeling. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, modeling convenience, faster rate of convergence and overall superiority of the present formulation over the existing shell and plate elements based on conventional theories as well as various higher order deformation theories. The results obtained from the present p-approximation shell finite element models are compared with analytical solutions. The h-approximation results (using three thick shells and three-dimensional solids) are also presented for comparison purposes.
The Problem of Christian Origins

THE purpose of this article is not so much to offer a review of the books mentioned above as to indicate briefly their nature and contents, and to discuss the varied yet similar points of view which they represent toward some of the problems in the story of Christian origins as studied today. Johannes Weiss will always hold a prominent place in the history of research into the meaning of early Christian literature. His treatment of 1 Corinthians, even for those who do not wholly accept his critical dissections, is one of the great commentaries on any single book of the New Testament; though for many his highest achievement will always seem to be his Die Predigt Jesu vom Reiche Gottes, especially in the first edition, of which the freshness and vigor were somewhat impaired by the emendations and additions in the second. It was a great loss to theological learning that he died so prematurely in 1914. His last book, Das Urchristentum, was left partly unfinished, and owes its final pages to Professor Knopf. It is a large book, but shows with sad clearness a certain hurriedness and lack of proportion due to the race with death which the author was running. The first 510 pages were published before his death, the rest were only partly ready, but were finished by Professor Knopf, and appeared in 1917. The whole
Detection of BVD viruses using synthetic oligonucleotides

This study examined synthetic oligonucleotide probes as potential diagnostic tools for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Six 20-base sequences from across the genome were selected by homology analysis of the published genomic sequences of the NADL and Osloss isolates of BVDV. RNA was extracted from 22 BVDV isolates propagated in bovine turbinate (BT) cells, blotted, and probed with32P end-labeled oligonucleotides. The stringency conditions used were such that more than a single base mismatch would result in no hybridization. The probe originating nearest the 5′ end of the viral RNA, ND001, detected 86% of the viral isolates while the other probes detected from 19% to 57%. Both cytopathic and noncytopathic isolates were detected by these synthetic probes. A cocktail of these probes were used to specifically detect BVDV RNA extracted directly from tissues of cattle either persistently or acutely infected.
Calcium dependence of neurotransmitter release

Abstract Neurotransmitter is released from synaptic terminals by rapid and highly targeted fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Several lines of evidence suggest that the trigger for vesicle fusion is the large increase in internal [Ca 2+ ] (up to hundreds of micromolar) achieved within the submicroscopic domain of elevated calcium near open calcium channels. The rapid rise and fall of [Ca 2+ ] in this microdomain, together with the fast kinetics of the calcium-triggered fusion machinery, account for the speed of synaptic exocytosis.
The Affect Deception Model: A Review of Deception in Negotiation and the Role of Emotion in Deception

Deception is pervasive in negotiations. Negotiations are characterized by information asymmetries, and negotiators often have both opportunities and incentives to mislead their counterparts. Effective negotiators need to contend with the risk of being deceived, to effectively respond when they identify deception, and to manage the temptation to use deception themselves. In our review of deception research, we integrate emotion research. Emotions are both an antecedent and a consequence of deception, and we introduce the Affect Deception Model (ADM) to represent these relationships. Our model broadens our understanding of deception in negotiations and accounts for the important role of emotions in the deception decision process.
The Effects of Social and Cultural Capital on Student Persistence: Are Community Colleges More Meritocratic?.

This study examines the influences of social and cultural capital on persistence from 1st to 2nd year and how these effects differ between community colleges and 4-year institutions. Results show that social and cultural capital have a positive association with student persistence overall but matter less when students begin at a community college.
Desiccation tolerance in bovine sperm: a study of the effect of intracellular sugars and the supplemental roles of an antioxidant and a chelator.

Desiccation preservation holds promise as a simplified alternative to cryopreservation for the long term storage of cells. We report a study on the protective effects of intracellular and extracellular sugars during bovine sperm desiccation and the supplemental effects of the addition of an antioxidant (catalase) or a chelator (desferal). The goal of the study was to preserve mammalian sperm in a partially or completely desiccated state. Sperm loaded intracellularly with two different types of sugars, trehalose or sucrose, were dried with and without catalase and desferal and evaluated for motility and membrane integrity immediately after rehydration. Intracellular sugars were loaded using ATP induced poration. Drying was performed in desiccator boxes maintained at 11% relative humidity (RH). Results indicated that sperm exhibited improved desiccation tolerance if they were loaded with either intracellular trehalose or sucrose. Survival was further enhanced by the addition of 1 mM desferal to the desiccation buffer. Though sperm motility after drying to low dry basis water fractions (DBWF) did not show significant improvement under any of the tested conditions, there was an increase in the sperm membrane integrity that could be retained after partial desiccation through the use of intracellular sugars and desferal.
Statistical geometry of cavities in a metastable confined fluid

The statistical geometry of cavities in a confined Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid is investigated with the focus on metastable states in the vicinity of the stability limit of the liquidlike state. For a given configuration of molecules, a cavity is defined as a connected region where there is sufficient space to accommodate an additional molecule. By means of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, we generated a series of equilibrium stable and metastable states along the adsorption-desorption isotherm of the LJ fluid in a slit-shaped pore of ten molecular diameters in width. The geometrical parameters of the cavity distributions were studied by Voronoi-Delaunay tessellation. We show that the cavity size distribution in liquidlike states, characterized by different densities, can be approximated by a universal log-normal distribution function. The mean void volume increases as the chemical potential m and, correspondingly, the density decreases. The surface-to-volume relation for individual cavities fulfills the three-dimensional scaling S(cav)=gV(2/3)(cav) with the cavity shape factor g=8.32-9.55. The self-similarity of cavities is observed over six orders of magnitude of the cavity volumes. In the very vicinity of the stability limit, m-->m(sl), large cavities are formed. These large cavities are ramified with a fractal-like surface-to-volume relation, S(cav) approximately V(cav). Better statistics are needed to check if these ramified cavities are similar to fragments of a spanning percolation cluster. At the limit of stability, the cavity volume fluctuations are found to diverge as ( - (2)) approximately [(m-m(sl))/kT](-gamma(c)) with the exponent gamma(c) approximately 0.93. This exponent can be referred to as the cavity pseudocritical exponent, in analogy with the other pseudocritical exponents characterizing the divergence of thermodynamic quantities at the spinodal point.
HEATING EFFECTS ON BOVINE SEMITENDINOSUS: SHEAR, MUSCLE FIBER MEASUREMENTS, AND COOKING LOSSES

Progressive changes in Warner-Bratzler shear values of meat cores and in dimensions and integrity of muscle fibers from beef semitendinosus cores heated in tubes in a water bath to simulate oven roasting of top round roasts at 93 and 149°C to endpoint temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70°C were evaluated. Slower heating and higher endpoint temperatures resulted in greater cooking losses. Warner-Bratzler shear values and muscle fiber diameters decreased from 40 to 50 to 60°C. Sarcomere length of muscle fibers decreased from 60 to 70°C. Muscle fibers disintegrated as internal temperature increased. Fiber disintegration was greater at the faster rate of heating for cores heated to 60°C than at the slower rate. A faster rate of heat penetration might result in greater degradation of muscle fibers at a lower temperature. An increase in fiber disintegration with heating of cores from 60 to 70°C suggested an increase in tenderness, but changes in shear values were not apparent in this temperature range. It appears that other factors oppose the tenderizing effect of increased disintegration of muscle fibers at higher temperatures.
The carbohydrates in alfalfa Medicago sativa. I. General composition, identification of a nonreducing sugar and investigation of the pectic substances.

Abstract Analysis of first- and second-cutting alfalfa (above-ground portion of the plant, leaves, stems, and flower heads) and alfalfa holocellulose is reported. Appreciable differences were found between the chemical composition of the first and second cuttings of alfalfa. The solubility of the hemicelluloses of alfalfa and alfalfa holocellulose in various concentrations of potassium hydroxide was determined. A nonreducing sugar was isolated from alfalfa and identified as sucrose. Pectic substances present in alfalfa were isolated and characterized. X-ray diffraction data are given.
Slow release iodine preparation and wound healing: in vitro effects consistent with lack of in vivo toxicity in human chronic wounds

SummaryBackground Antiseptic agents, particularly slow-release preparations, are increasingly being used in the management of chronic wounds. One such agent, cadexomer iodine, carries iodine (0·9% weight/weight) immobilized in beads of dextrin and epichlorhydrin and has been demonstrated to be highly effective in promoting healing of exudative wounds. However, there have been no studies directly assessing the potential lack of toxicity of cadexomer iodine on human cutaneous tissues. Objectives To determine if, within a certain concentration range, cadexomer iodine is non-toxic to human cells and cutaneous tissue and to assess histologically human chronic exudative wounds that are being treated with cadexomer iodine. Methods We examined the effects of varying concentrations of cadexomer iodine on the viability of human fibroblasts in culture (by trypan blue exclusion). The morphology, cellular proliferation capacity (measured by [3H]thymidine uptake), ability to produce α1(I) procollagen chain mRNA, and cell outgrowth from neonatal foreskin explants were also evaluated in human fibroblasts after incubation with various concentrations of cadexomer iodine. Moreover, biopsies of chronic exudative wounds concurrently treated with cadexomer iodine were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or a Gram stain and evaluated microscopically. Results At concentrations of up to 0·45%, cadexomer iodine was found to be non-toxic to fibroblasts in vitro; there were no changes in viability, morphology, cellular proliferation, ability to produce collagen, and cell outgrowth from explants. In vivo, skin biopsies of chronic exudative wounds being treated with cadexomer iodine demonstrated no evidence of cell necrosis, displayed re-epithelialization, and revealed bacteria within the cadexomer beads. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that cadexomer iodine has definite non-toxic concentration ranges for fibroblasts in vitro, which are consistent with a lack of cellular toxicity in human chronic exudative wounds treated with cadexomer iodine. Cadexomer iodine may also have the additional property of trapping microorganisms.
Resist blur and line edge roughness (Invited Paper)

A straightforward analytic model of resist line edge roughness is presented which predicts all the known scaling laws as well as the shape of the experimentally seen frequency content or power spectrum of the roughness. The model implies there are strong basic limitations to achieving, simultaneously, low roughness, low dose and high resolution in any standard chemically amplified resist process. A simple model of how roughness maps to device performance is also presented.
Petrophysical facies of the ordovician red river formation, Williston basin, USA

A petrophysical facies is a mappable rock unit of similar petrophysical characteristics, imparted by the depositional and diagenetic environment. Capillary-pressure curves are the basis for delineating a petrophysical facies.
Impaired Grip Force Modulation in the Ipsilesional Hand after Unilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke

Understanding grasping control after stroke is important for relearning motor skills. The authors examined 10 individuals (5 males; 5 females; ages 32-86) with chronic unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke (4 right lesions; 6 left lesions) when lifting a novel test object using skilled precision grip with their ipsilesional (“unaffected”) hand compared to healthy controls (n = 14; 6 males; 8 females; ages 19-86). All subjects possessed normal range of motion, cutaneous sensation, and proprioception in the hand tested and had no apraxia or cognitive deficits. Subjects lifted the object 10 times at each object weight (260 g, 500 g, 780 g) using a moderately paced self-selected lifting speed. The normal horizontal (“grip”) force and vertical tangential (“lift”) force were separately measured at the thumb and index finger. Regardless of the object weight or stroke location, the stroke group generated greater grip forces at liftoff of the object (≥39%; P ≤ 0.05) and across the dynamic (P ≤ 0.05) and s...
UHV–EC and EC–STM studies of molecular chemisorption at well-defined surfaces: hydroquinone and benzoquinone on Pd(hkl)

The chemisorption, from aqueous solutions, of hydroquinone and benzoquinone onto well-defined Pd(111) and Pd(100) electrode surfaces has been studied by tandem electrochemistry, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. The results indicate that hydroquinone is oxidatively chemisorbed to form a quinonoid species that is oriented parallel to the surface but with a slight tilt in which one of the para-oxygens is topographically just higher than the other. The same surface species is obtained when adsorption is from aqueous benzoquinone.
US-alone presentations as an extinction procedure

CS-alone trials or US-alone trials were interpolated between Pavlovian defense conditioning and later measurement of the Pavlovian CR (conditioned suppression of dipper licking). Although both procedures equally degraded the CS-US contingency, only the CS-alone procedure significantly weakened the previously established CR. The US-alone procedure appeared to have no effect.
Evaluation of PCR detection of Salmonella in alfalfa sprouts and spent irrigation water collected during sprouting of naturally contaminated seed.

This study evaluated the efficacy of a PCR-based system (DuPont Qualicon BAX) for detection of Salmonella in sprouts and spent irrigation water collected during sprouting of seeds naturally contaminated with Salmonella. Alfalfa seeds were grown in Mason jars at 20 and 30°C for 3 days. Levels of Salmonella present in the water and sprouts were determined by most-probable-number (MPN) analysis. Background microflora levels were also determined. Samples of spent irrigation water and sprouts were enriched overnight individually in tetrathionate broth and in buffered peptone water with novobiocin at 42°C and then run in the BAX system. Samples were also enriched according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA BAM) method for Salmonella as a comparison. Salmonella levels were lower at 20°C compared with 30°C for some trials, and background microflora levels ranged from 10(7) to 10(8) CFU/g or ml at 20°C and 10(8) to 10(9) CFU/g or ml at 30°C. In trials with a Salmonella level >1.1 MPN/g or ml, both the BAX and FDA BAM methods were able to detect Salmonella in all samples. In trials with lower levels (0.21 MPN/g or ml or lower) of Salmonella, BAX was able to detect more positive samples than FDA BAM. For one trial with <0.003 MPN/g or ml of Salmonella, the presence of the pathogen was not indicated by either the BAX or the FDA BAM method. The results suggest that PCR detected low levels of Salmonella in sprouts or spent irrigation water collected from sprouting of naturally contaminated seeds.
A single recombinant plasmid expressing two major outer surface proteins of the Lyme disease spirochete

A gene bank of DNA from the Lyme disease spirochete was constructed in the plasmid pBR322. Plasmid pTRH32, a recombinant that in Escherichia coli expresses the two major outer surface proteins of the Lyme disease spirochete, was identified. One of the recombinant products, designated OspA, represents a surface protein that appears to be common to all Lyme disease spirochetes, whereas the other recombinant product, designated OspB, represents a more variable surface protein. This recombinant plasmid provides a foundation for future studies on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Lyme disease as well as on the genetic organization of the etiologic agent.
Run-time environment and application tools for the ground test accelerator control system☆

Abstract The control system for the ground test accelerator (GTA) at Los Alamos provides capabilities and tools that considerably reduce the amount of programming required to perform many applications. These qualities have proved to be valuable on early GTA experiments, where rapid prototy[ing has paid off. For instance, the initial controls for a 1 MW rf power supply provided supervisory control with no application-dependent programming. These same qualities will enable us to automate the start-up, operation and shutdown of the GTA. The run-time environment makes effective use of the distributed, nonhierarchical control-system architecture by providing a standard interface to the distributed data base. This paper gives an overview of the run-time software environment and the tools that simplify building the run-time data base, the operator interface screens, and application-specific control operations — sequential and continuous.
Rapid and scalable assembly of firefly luciferase substrates

Bioluminescence imaging with luciferase–luciferin pairs is a popular method for visualizing biological processes in vivo. Unfortunately, most luciferins are difficult to access and remain prohibitively expensive for some imaging applications. Here we report cost-effective and efficient syntheses of D-luciferin and 6′-aminoluciferin, two widely used bioluminescent substrates. Our approach employs inexpensive anilines and Appel's salt to generate the luciferin cores in a single pot. Additionally, the syntheses are scalable and can provide multi-gram quantities of both substrates. The streamlined production and improved accessibility of luciferin reagents will bolster in vivo imaging efforts.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism data provide a poor solution to the Littorina littorea puzzle

Abstract The status of Littorina littorea as an exotic species in North America has been debated in the biological literature for over a century. In recent decades, molecular data have been used to supplement historical and archaeological evidence that has suggested that the snail may have persisted in North America well before European settlers arrived. However, these earlier molecular studies have since been questioned due to incomplete sampling of both the geographical range of L. littorea and the genome of the species itself. Here we consider an amplified fragment length polymorphism screen of the nuclear genome, which provides a large number of independent dominant markers that can be used in resolving this historical puzzle. Although these data appear to refute earlier allozyme studies of L. littorea as indicating long-term divergence between European and American populations, the data are also problematic in that they include clear artefacts. We discuss these artefacts and suggest future approaches...
Environmental, cultural, and social change in Arctic Alaska as observed by Iñupiat elders over their lifetimes: a GIS synthesis

Abstract Since 2003 our research team has been interviewing Inupiat elders and incorporating their indigenous knowledge (IK) about the environment into a specially designed Geographic Information System (GIS). We present a synthesis of the climate and landscape change information shared during the IK GIS project. We also summarize observations, which are not geographically specific and thus not expressible as GIS data points. We present several analyses of our dataset to date. These include a frequency analysis of the topically classified geocoded observations based on elder interviews, a summary of the geographic distribution of those observations, and a discussion of non-georeferenced observations. We identify several themes that IK holders and elders felt were crucial to record and discuss. Many of these observations include environmental, cultural, and historical knowledge, and reflect the perception that their world has substantially changed in the course of their lifetimes.
The fruit and kernel oil of the plumy coconut (Arecastrum Romanzoffianum)

The nuts and oil fromArecastrum Romanzoffianum have been examined. Full-grown dried nuts from a mature tree average 23 per cent of fibrous husk, 69 per cent of shell and 8 per cent of oily kernel. The dried kernel contains about 52 per cent of oil of a non-drying character, and somewhat similar to palm kernel oil in physical properties. The chemical and physical characteristics of the kernel oil are: Sp. G. 25°/25°—0.9194; Refrac. Index ND 20° C.—1.4580; Free Fatty Acids (as oleic)—0.19 per cent; Saponification Value—239.5; Iodine No. (Hanus) 28.4; Unsaponifiable Matter—0.41 per cent; Pol. Value—0.85; Acetyl Value—3.5; Hehner Value—88.4; Thiocyanogen No.—24.5; R-M. Value—0.72.
Dynamics of a complex interface

We study the motion of the interface between two fluids in a pressure field. A more viscous fluid surrounds a finite region filled with a less viscous fluid whose pressure is constant. The more viscous fluid is incompressible and moves with a velocity proportional to the gradient of its pressure. The pressure jump across the interface between the fluids is proportional to the curvature of the interface. The proportionality constant is the surface tension. In the two-dimensional case the interface can be described by a complex function which is analytic in the exterior of the unit circle. The dynamics are governed by a nonlocal nonlinear equation for this function. If all the singularities of the function are situated near the origin then the nonlocal interactions contribute little to the evolution of the singularities. In this case the nonlocal evolution equation can be approximated by a local nonlinear one. We prove that this equation has solutions with certain uniform behavior as the surface tension is allowed to become vanishingly small.
Validity of Self‐Reported Alcohol Consumption in Nondependent Drinkers With Unintentional Injuries

Background: Self-report has become an anchor for alcohol assessment in the acute and primary care populations. The purpose of the study was to determine the validity of self-reported alcohol consumption after unintentional injuries in hospitalized, nondependent drinkers. Methods: Non-alcohol-dependent subjects 18 years of age and older with unintentional injuries (n= 209) were enrolled in the study and were interviewed if they had either an admitting blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ≥ 10 mg/dl (0.01 g/dl) or a positive screen for a history of problem drinking. The self-reported number of standard drinks, time that drinking commenced, sex, and weight were used to calculate estimated blood alcohol concentration (EBAC), which was then compared to the admission BAC. Results: We had data to calculate the EBAC on 141 of the 209 subjects. Seven men and no women with positive (≥10 mg/dl) BAC denied drinking. Of the 134 subjects for whom we had data to calculate EBAC and who acknowledged drinking, mean BAC was 147.06 mg/dl and mean EBAC was 68.66 mg/dl. For women (n= 30), mean BAC was 149.53 mg/dl and mean EBAC was 114.67 mg/dl; for men (n= 104), mean BAC was 146.35 mg/dl and mean EBAC was 55.38 mg/dl. The Spearman's ρ between laboratory BAC and EBAC was 0.461 (p < 0.001) for all subjects (n= 134), 0.275 (NS) for women (n= 30), and 0.532 (p < 0.001) for men (n= 104). For women and men separately, multiple regression analyses were performed to predict BAC by using weight and reported number of drinks. For women, weight and number of drinks accounted for 3% of the variance in laboratory BAC [r= 0.181, F (2,47) = 0.797, p= NS]. In contrast, for men these same predictors accounted for 34% of the variance [r= 0.585, F (2,135) = 35.203, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Most nondependent patients with unintentional injury acknowledged drinking before injury. After injury, women and men have different patterns of reporting their drinking, with men more frequently underreporting but reporting more accurately and women more random in their self-reports.
Can chaotic quantum energy levels statistics be characterized using information geometry and inference methods

Abstract In this paper, we review our novel information-geometrodynamical approach to chaos (IGAC) on curved statistical manifolds and we emphasize the usefulness of our information-geometrodynamical entropy (IGE) as an indicator of chaoticity in a simple application. Furthermore, knowing that integrable and chaotic quantum antiferromagnetic Ising chains are characterized by asymptotic logarithmic and linear growths of their operator space entanglement entropies, respectively, we apply our IGAC to present an alternative characterization of such systems. Remarkably, we show that in the former case the IGE exhibits asymptotic logarithmic growth while in the latter case the IGE exhibits asymptotic linear growth. At this stage of its development, IGAC remains an ambitious unifying information-geometric theoretical construct for the study of chaotic dynamics with several unsolved problems. However, based on our recent findings, we believe that it could provide an interesting, innovative and potentially powerful way to study and understand the very important and challenging problems of classical and quantum chaos.
The effects of feeding on arterial blood gases and lung mechanics in newborn infants recovering from respiratory disease.

Fifteen infants recovering from neonatal respiratory disease had arterial blood gases and lung mechanics measured 5 minutes before bolus feeds and at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after feeding to determine physiologic effects of feeding. Pa O 2 fell significantly from prefeeding values at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after feeds. Mean prefeeding pH and base excess values were significantly different from mean postfeeding values at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes, respectively. Pa CO 2 remained unchanged before and after feeding. Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not change throughout the study. Dynamic lung complicance, respiratory rate, and tidal volume did not change significantly but there was a trend toward increase in tidal volume. Mean minute volume rose with time as a consequence of the increased tidal volume. Work of breathing remained unchanged at 10 and 20 minutes postfeed and increased slightly at 30 minutes; this was due to a small increase in both elastic and viscous work components at this time.
A boron analogue of furan. The synthesis and coordination chemistry of 2-substituted-1,2-oxaborolides

Two general methods have been developed for the synthesis of alkali metal salts of 2-substituted-1,2-oxaborolides (6). 2-Phenyl-1,2-oxaborolide (6b) has been converted to RuCp* complex 11b and to Mn(CO)3 complex 12b, in which the metals are η5-bound to the ligand.
A procedure for isolation and concentration of catechols by chromatography on dihydroxyboryl cellulose.

Abstract A simple and highly sensitive column chromatographic method based on specific chelation of o -dihydroxyphenols to dihydroxyboryl cellulose has been developed for quantitative isolation and concentration of catecholic substances from biological samples. At slightly alkaline pH, all catechols devoid of an acidic group adjacent to hydroxyl bind tightly to the boryl cellulose support. Upon derivatization of the carboxyl group, acidic catechols also bind to the column. Elution can be achieved with acidic buffer in the range of pH 2–4. Usefulness of this affinity matrix for the isolation of catechols from plant and insect materials and for concentration from dilute solutions is demonstrated.
Effects of morphine on Renshaw cell activity.

Abstract Morphine (5–10 mg kg i.v.) reduced recurrent inhibition but had no effect on direct inhibition of a spinal monosynaptic reflex in decerebrate and pentobarbitone-anesthetized cats. Using extracellular glass microelectrodes to record unit activity from Renshaw cells, it was found that Renshaw cell discharges evoked by ventral root stimulation and by intravenous nicotine were not significantly depressed by morphine. Hence, the reduction of recurrent inhibition by morphine cannot be ascribed to an action at the synapse of the motor-axon collateral on Renshaw cells.
Pyridoxine administration in sickle cell disease: An unsuccessful attempt to influence the properties of sickle hemoglobin

Abstract Pyridoxal-5-phosphate has been shown to form a Schiff base with amino terminal of hemoglobin β chains. It has been suggested that internal cyclization of this portion of the molecule plays a vital role in the sickling process. However, the addition of pyridoxal-5-phosphate to hemoglobin solutions slightly increased their viscosity when deoxygenated in vitro , suggesting that cyclization may not be prerequisite to sickling. Administration of large doses of pyridoxine results in an increase of red cell transaminase activity: apparently pyridoxal-5-phosphate can be synthesized from pyridoxine by the erythrocytes. Four hundred milligrams of pyridoxine was administered daily to two patients with sickle cell disease. No effect was noted on 51 Cr survival, P 50 O 2 values, curves relating percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and percent sickling, hemoglobin concentration of the blood, or frequency of painful crises.
Dysphagia in the Elderly

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common problem in the elderly. Based on the initial clinical history and physical examination, the dysphagia is assessed as either primarily oropharyngeal or esophageal in origin. Most oropharyngeal dysphagia is of neurologic origin, and management is coordinated with a clinical swallow specialist in conjunction with an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physician if warning signs imply malignancy. Several structural and functional esophageal disorders can cause dysphagia. If a patient has likely esophageal dysphagia, a video barium esophagram is a good initial test, and referral to a gastroenterologist is generally warranted leading to appropriate treatment.
Design of a hybrid electric fuel cell power train for an urban bus

Abstract With the requirements for reducing emissions and improving fuel economy, new markets have become attractive for automotive companies that are developing electric, hybrid, and plug-in vehicles using new technologies candidates to be implemented in the next generations of vehicles. Most of all, hybrid vehicles are attracting interest due to great potential to achieve higher fuel economy and a longer range with respect to pure electric mode but often this solution is not petroleum free. Within a national project CNR TAE Institute is involved in the development of a zero emission hybrid electric city bus based on PEM fuel cell technology able to increase the range at least 30% with respect to the same vehicle in pure electric configuration. Design, control and preliminary results are reported in this paper.
WHERE SHALL I GO FOR THE PH.D.

(1961). WHERE SHALL I GO FOR THE PH.D.? The Professional Geographer: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 27-30.
Origin of antiphospholipid antibodies: induction of aPL by viral peptides.

The clinical associations of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are well recognized but the mechanism(s) causing the production of these antibodies are not yet known. We demonstrated the induction of pathogenic aPL antibodies that caused intrauterine fetal death and transverse myelopathy due to spinal cord infarction in mice by immunization with foreign β2GPl. We also induced aPL and anti-β2-GPI in mice by immunization with PL-binding viral peptides and hypothesized that in APS patients, aPL may be induced by β2GPl-like-PL-binding products of common human bacteria and viruses.
The plasma membranes of bovine taste papillae. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of circumvallate membrane proteins.

1. 1. Bovine circumvallate papillae and mount papillae were fractionated into cell saps and particulates, from which three membrane fractions (i.e. plasma membranes, microsomal membranes, and mitochondrial membranes) were obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugations. Each of the three membrane fractions and of the cell saps from both papillae was separated into individual protein components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. 2. Polyacrylamide gel electrophorograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized membrane proteins showed that plasma membranes from circumvallate and from mount papillae have different protein distributions. Differences were also observed among the other six fractions. 3. 3. Circumvallate plasma membranes contain a total of 21 sodium dodecyl sulfate solubilizable proteins, 14 of which are glycoproteins. Seven of the proteins are major components, five of which are glycoproteins. None of the other five membrane fractions contain as many glycoproteins. 4. 4. At least two of the glycoproteins are unique to this plasma membrane fraction. They are designated as CV-A and CV-B (CV, circumvallate papillae), with apparent molecular weights of about 51 000 and 36000, respectively.
The use of topical corticosteroids

The topical corticosteroids are an extremely useful group of drugs in the treatment of various dermatologic conditions. Counseling and guidance from the home health care provider is imperative for maximum positive outcome. This article informs the reader of the most current information, including tables of relative potency and bases.
Cookie confusion: do browser interfaces undermine understanding?

We performed a series of in-depth qualitative interviews with 14 subjects recruited to discuss Internet advertising. Participants held a wide range of views ranging from enthusiasm about ads that inform them of new products, to resignation that ads are "a fact of life," to resentment of ads that they find "insulting." We discovered that many participants have a poor understanding of how Internet advertising works, do not understand cookies, and mistakenly believe there are legal protections barring companies from sharing information they collect online. We found that participants have substantial confusion about the results of the actions they take within their browsers, and do not understand the technology they work with now. The user interface for cookie management in popular browsers may be contributing to confusion.
Solution of gauge theories induced by fundamental representation scalars

Gauge theories induced by scalars in the fundamental representation of the $\mathrm{U}{(N}_{c}{)}_{\mathrm{gauge}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}{(N}_{f}{)}_{\mathrm{global}}$ group are investigated in the large ${N}_{c}$ and ${N}_{f}$ limits. A master field is defined from bilinears of the scalar field following an Eguchi-Kawai type reduction of spacetime. The density function for the master field satisfies an integral equation that can be solved exactly in two dimensions $(D=2)$ and in a convergent series of approximations at $Dg2$. While at $D=2$ the system is in the same phase at all $\ensuremath{\epsilon}{=N}_{c}{/N}_{f},$ it undergoes a phase transition at a critical value, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{c}(D)$, for $Dg2$.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel prochiral ketoimine: (E)-acetophenone O-diphenylphosphoryl oxime.

A novel activated prochiral keto­imine, (E)-aceto­phenone O-di­phenyl­phosphoryl oxime, C20H18NO2P, with an electron-withdrawing substituent on the imine N atom similar to other prochiral ketoimines, has been synthesized and the X-ray crystal stucture determined. The molecules pack together in the solid state via weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions and both face-to-face and edge-to-face π-stacking interactions.
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE “FG” SYNDROME

The “FG” Syndrome is an X-linked syndrome characterized by unusual facial features, cardiac defects, mental retardation and gastrointestinal anomalies. Agenesis of the corpus callosum has also been noted in this syndrome. We report sequential language and developmental testing in a patient with “FG” syndrome, including callosal agenesis. J.B. is a 4 year 6 month old white male who has shown progressive delay in language and development. When first tested at 25 months of age, he had a 7 month receptive delay and an 11 month expressive delay. By 34 months of age, both were delayed by 14 months. At 54 months, his receptive skills were 21 months delayed and expressive skills were 24 months delayed and neither had shown measurable progression over the preceeding 10 months. He has abnormal articulation, word finding difficulty, and disordered syntax. This pattern of speech development is consistent with the language function defects reported in adults with callosal agenesis. His motor skills have been similarly delayed, and he has been consistently unable to anticipate his own manual adjustments. His skills on the Bayley and selected McCarthy subtests place him in the mildly mentally retarded range. Some of the deficits noted are consistent with a defect in interhemispheric communication. This pattern of progressive developmental and language delay has not been previously reported in the “FG” syndrome.
Nanoparticle effects on spherulitic structure and phase formation in polypropylene crystallized at moderately elevated pressures : The influence on fracture resistance

Abstract We report here for the first time the changes in spherulitic structure and phase formation that occur in polypropylene in the presence of nanoclay on crystallization at high pressures. To delineate the effects of pressure and nanoclay on the crystallization behavior, polypropylene with and without nanoclay were studied under identical experimental conditions. The two important findings are (i) the spherulite size and morphology of polypropylene in the absence and presence of nanoclay is a function of the crystallization pressure and (ii) at constant crystallization pressure, the presence of nanoclay reduced the spherulite size from 155 μm to 19 μm at 0.1 MPa. Another important observation was the evidence of γ-phase in polypropylene with nanoclay at pressures between ∼0.1 MPa and 59 MPa. In neat polypropylene, increasing crystallization pressure changed the deformation process from vein-type crazing to fibrillation, while in polypropylene-containing 4 wt.% clay, an increased tendency towards fibrillated fracture with increase in crystallization pressure was observed. At the present time, the observations imply the following possibilities for future considerations: (a) nanoclay changes the equilibrium state of the polymer chain or its conformation and (b) nanoclay provides a surface that is favorable for possible epitaxial growth of γ-phase because the lattice mismatch is
Prostatic Masses in Geldings: Two Cases

Abstract Prostatic masses were detected in two geldings that were presented to our referral hospital for evaluation of dysuria. The masses were detected during transrectal palpation and ultrasonography of the prostate gland and were further evaluated using urethral endoscopy. A 10-year-old gelding underwent intraurethral debulking of the prostatic mass. Histopathological diagnosis was prostatic cystadenoma. The mass regrew within 9 months, and the horse was euthanized due to deteriorating clinical control of urinary continence. In another case, a 12-year-old gelding was scheduled for transurethral debulking; however, the owners decided against treatment and the horse was euthanized due to progression of clinical disease. Postmortem examination revealed the prostate to be nearly completely obliterated by the mass. Histopathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma incorporated into a spindle cell population of unknown histogenesis. To our knowledge, these represent the first reported cases of equine prostatic cystadenoma and adenocarcinoma. In both horses, referring complaint was dysuria, and identification of the prostatic mass was made on palpation and ultrasonographic examination per rectum. Treatment options for prostatic masses in horses are limited because of the difficulty of obtaining prostatic tissue via biopsy, the surgical inaccessibility of the gland, and the apparent low incidence of occurrence. We have subsequently identified prostatic masses in two additional geldings, both also presenting for dysuria. However, the exact nature of these two apparent prostatic masses has not been definitively diagnosed with histopathological examinations to date. The prostate should be evaluated in male horses presenting for dysuria.