cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature.

14. urn: value of diagnostic methods for recognition, prognosis and therapy. Zeit Kardiol 1983;72:548-52. LaBarre TR, Stamato NJ, Hwang MH, Jacobs WR, Stephanides L, Scanlon PJ. Left atria1 appendage aneurysm with associated anomalous pulmonary venous return. AM HEART J 1987;114:1243-5. Krueger SK, Ferlic RM, Mooring PK. Left atria1 appendage aneurysm: correlation of noninvasive with clinical and surgical findings; report of case. Circulation 1975$2:732-S. Coselli JS. Beall AC. Ziaddi GM. Congenital intraoericardial aneurysmal dilatation of the left airial appendage. Ann Thorac Surg 1985;39:466-8. Bramlet DA, Edwards JE. Congenital aneurysm of the left atria1 appendage. Br Heart J 1981;45:97-100. Eie H, Semb G, Muller 0, Holm HA. Aneurysms of the left atrial appendage. Stand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972;6:149-53. Fry W. Herniation of the left auricle. Am J Surg 1953;86: 736-8. Grinfeld R, Trainini JC, Roncoroni A, Fabrykant F, Cacheda H, Tripodi G. Congenital aneurysm of the left atrium. Ann Thorac Surg 1985;39:469-71. Aytac A, Oram A, Olga R, Demircioglu F, Saylam A. Intrapericardial aneurysm of the left atria1 appendix. Cardiovasc Surg 1980;21:509-12. DeFeyter PJ, Zienkowicz BS, Heidendal GAK, Majid PA, Roos JP. Radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis of congenital intrapericardial aneurysm of the left atria1 appendage. Thorax 1980;35:154-5. Godwin TF, Auger P, Key JA, Wigle ED. lntrapericardial aneurysmal dilatation of the left atria1 appendage. Circulation 1968;37:397-401. Foale RA, Gibson TC, Guyer DE, Gillam L, King ME, Weyman AE. Congenital aneurysms of the left atrium: recognition by cross-sectional echocardiography. Circulation 1982;66: 1065-g. Parmley LF. Congenital atriomegaly. Circulation 1962;25: 553-8. Aschenberg W, Schluter M, Kremer P, Schroder E, Siglow V, Bleifeld W. Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography for the detection of left atria1 appendage thrombus. J Am Co11 Cardiol 1986;7:163-6.
Carotid artery stenosis: making complex assessments of a simple problem or simplifying approach to a complex disease?

See related article, page 916. Ever since carotid stenosis measurements were developed to aid randomized clinical trials of carotid endarterectomy, a single number was introduced as an index of the disease severity.1–4 A simple yet accurate noninvasive assessment of internal carotid stenosis remains an evolving goal for ultrasound, CT, and MR.5 Area estimates derived from biplane angiograms were replaced by diameter reduction calculations on a single plane showing the most severe narrowing for NASCET grading.2 Duplex ultrasound peak systolic velocity has been and continues to be the most common criterion for ultrasound,6 despite advances in grayscale imaging and color Doppler technology and individual laboratories utilizing alternate criteria such as internal to common carotid ratios and end-diastolic velocity and ratios. CTA offers absolute residual lumen measurement and NASCET-type measurements but is yet to be recognized as a complete alternative to catheter angiography.5,7–9 Even catheter angiography using NASCET measurements has critics.3,10 Given the heterogeneity of the shape and severity of carotid lesions, their pathophysiology and the technical issues of …
Hunger, malnutrition, and poverty in the contemporary United States: Some observations on their social and cultural context

(1987). Hunger, malnutrition, and poverty in the contemporary United States: Some observations on their social and cultural context. Food and Foodways: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 309-333.
Shear and elongation in a theory for elastic fluids

Abstract A model for elastic fluids is assessed in the context of shear and elongational flows. This model provides a unified qualitative description of optical and rheological properties and, its present from, seems to model polymer solutions with notable accuracy. This is achieved using only four material constants which can be related to the asymptotic value of the viscosity and primary normal stress functions in steady shear. Uniaxial elongation data for more concentrated solutions suggests that modifications will be required in order to describe these materials.
A CRITICAL STUDY FOR BRANCHED POLYMERS AND LATTICE ANIMALS: THERMAL AND PERCOLATIVE TRANSITIONS

We investigate a field theory of a grand-canonical ensemble of branched polymers and lattice animals and show that the upper critical dimension for thermal phase transitions is du = 4. The transition in the dilute limit is first-order and there is no dimensional reduction. We suggest that the previous results in this limit correspond to a spinodal singularity and not to a physical singularity as the associated percolative transition is preempted by the first-order thermal transition.
An Approximate Theoretical Analysis of the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of the Herringbone Grooved, Gas Lubricated Journal Bearing, and Comparison With Experiment

An approximate solution for the pressure distribution around a finite length, herringbone grooved journal bearing is derived in analytical form. Some results for the bearing stiffness and attitude angle are presented and compared with experimental results and other theories. The effect of changing the number of grooves is investigated. The validity of the approximate method used is checked by applying it to a simple step slider bearing for which exact solutions are available. The theoretical development is extended to cover the dynamic loading case. Theoretical solutions for the amplitudes of vibration for different frequencies are compared with experimental results.
RNA–protein interactions and control of mRNA stability in neurons

In addition to transcription, posttranscriptional mechanisms play a vital role in the control of gene expression. There are multiple levels of posttranscriptional regulation, including mRNA processing, splicing, editing, transport, stability, and translation. Among these, mRNA stability is estimated to control about 5-10% of all human genes. The rate of mRNA decay is regulated by the interaction of cis-acting elements in the transcripts and sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins. One of the most studied cis-acting elements is the AU-rich element (ARE) present in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of several unstable mRNAs. These sequences are targets of many ARE-binding proteins; some of which induce degradation whereas others promote stabilization of the mRNA. Recently, these mechanisms were uncovered in neurons, where they have been associated with different physiological phenomena, from early development and nerve regeneration to learning and memory processes. In this Mini-Review, we briefly discuss the general mechanisms of control of mRNA turnover and present evidence supporting the importance of these mechanisms in the expression of an increasing number of neuronal genes.
When superfluids are a drag

The article considers the dramatic phenomenon of seemingly frictionless flow of slow-moving superfluids. Specifically the question of whether an object in a superfluid flow experiences any drag force is addressed. A brief account is given of the history of this problem and it is argued that recent advances in ultracold atomic physics can shed much new light on this problem. The article presents the commonly held notion that sufficiently slow-moving superfluids can flow without drag and also discusses research suggesting that scattering quantum fluctuations might cause drag in a superfluid moving at any speed.
New phases in the systems EuF2:YF3 and EuF2:GdF3

Abstract Isothermal pseudo-binary phase studies of the systems EuF 2 :YF 3 and EuF 2 :GdF 3 have been completed at 1100°C. Three single phase regions corresponding to (1) EuF 3 (ss); (a) hexagonal tysonite and (3) orthorhombic LnF 3 (ss), Ln = Y, Gd, have been found. The single phase regions for both of these systems are similar and exist at 0–39, 73–82 and 91–100 mole % YF 3 ; 0–41, 70–77 and 85–100 mole % GdF 3 .
Contrast-Dependent Spatial Summation in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Retina of the Cat

Based on extracellular recordings from 69 lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells in the anesthetized cat, we found spatial summation within their receptive fields to be dependent on the contrast of the stimuli presented. By fitting the summation curves to a difference of Gaussians model, we attributed this contrast-dependent effect to an actual change in the size of the center mechanism. Analogous changes in spatial frequency tuning were also observed, specifically increased peaks and cut-off frequencies with contrast. These effects were seen across the populations of both X and Y cell types. In a few cases, LGN cells were recorded simultaneously with one of their retinal ganglion cell (RGC) inputs (S-potentials). In every case, the RGCs exhibited similar contrast-dependent effects in the space and spatial-frequency domains. We propose that this contrast dependency in the retinal ganglion cells results directly from a reduction in the size of the center mechanism due to an increase in contrast. We also propose that these properties first arise in the retina and are transmitted passively through the LGN to visual cortex.
Influence of Non-Newtonian Behavior of Blood on Flow in an Elastic Artery Model

Two different non-Newtonian models for blood, one a simple power law model exhibiting shear thinning viscosity, and another a generalized Maxwell model displaying both shear thinning viscosity and oscillatory flow viscoelasticity, were used along with a Newtonian model to simulate sinusoidal flow of blood in rigid and elastic straight arteries. When the spring elements were removed from the viscoelastic model resulting in a purely viscous shear thinning fluid, the predictions of flow rate and WSS were virtually unaltered. Hence, elasticity of blood does not appear to influence its flow behavior under physiological conditions in large arteries, and a purely viscous shear thinning model should be quite realistic for simulating blood flow under these conditions. When a power law model with a high shear rate Newtonian cutoff was used for sinusoidal flow simulation in elastic arteries, the mean and amplitude of the flow rate were found to be lower for a power law fluid compared to a Newtonian fluid experiencing the same pressure gradient. The wall shear stress was found to be relatively insensitive to fluid rheology but strongly dependent on vessel wall motion for flows driven by the same pressure gradient. The effect of wall motion on wall shear stress could be greatly reduced by matching flow rate rather than pressure gradient. For physiological flow simulation in the aorta, an increase in mean WSS but a reduction in peak WSS were observed for the power law model compared to a Newtonian fluid model for a matched flow rate waveform.
Temperature dependence of refractive index of SiO2 glass

Abstract The refractive index of silica glass has been measured in the UV and visible regions from −165.4 to 83.3°C. The wavelength dispersion at each temperature was fitted by the three-term Sellmeier equation. Analysis of the Sellmeier equation shows that the temperature dependence of the refractive index originates from the temperature shift of the observed shift of the exciton peak at around 10.4 eV.
A direct approach to solving the drift-diffusion model equations for use in certain MOSFET devices

The behavior of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) has frequently been modeled using the drift-diffusion partial differential equations. In this paper, we show how extensions of previously studied techniques may be applied to these equations to obtain both current-voltage relationships and pointwise variation of the potential functions arising in a number of practical cases. While our method makes use of perturbation theory, we are able to avoid the complicated asymptotic matching methods that have been widely adopted by a number of authors for studying such MOSFETs. Our numerical approach can treat the important practical case of variable doping and gives rise to accurate, and numerically stable, solutions of the model equations.
Flow cytometry in prostatic adenocarcinoma

We have examined the reproducibility of DNA histograms produced by flow cytometry in two strains of the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic tumor model, determining the extent of variability between tumors in the same animal, from animal to animal within the same strain and from strain to strain. We have also investigated the ability of flow cytometry to monitor changes in DNA histograms produced by tumor age and hormonal manipulation. We have found that there is a considerable difference in aneuploidy in tumors from the two strains, and also much variability in its extent within each strain. While orchiectomy (ORCH) tended to decrease the extent of aneuploidy, this could only be reliably detected if each tumor acted as its own control, with sampling being done pre- and post-ORCH.
Phyletic Significance of Some Insect Muscle Pherograms

THE analysis of insect haemolymph proteins has been shown to reflect relationships among species in several insect groups1. We have been unable to apply this technique to the bees because the quantities of haemolymph in adult bees are too meagre to permit analysis. The knowledge that muscle extracts have been shown to be species specific in fishes2 and are distinct between the lobster and earthworm3 led us to examine the electrophoretic properties of muscle extracts from several species of bees. Since the thorax of bees is occupied predominantly by muscle, only this tissue was used.
Enhancement of the Arthus reaction and suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) by pluronic F-68, a detergent frequently used to prepare perfluorocarbon emulsions.

Abstract The effect of a 20% w v RM101 (perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran) emulsion containing 5% w/v of the detergent Pluronic F-68 or of 5% w v Pluronic F-68 given alone on the Arthus reaction and on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) were evaluated in female A/J mice. The test substances were administered i.v. at 1% body weight at 0,4,7,14 and 28 days prior to the i.p. immunization with 107 sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The increase in footpad swelling at 4 h (Arthus reaction) and at 24 h (DTH) after elicitation with the s.c. administration of 108 SRBC into the left footpad was used to assess immune competence. Pluronic F-68 given alone enhanced the Arthus reaction only when administered on day 0 of immunization. Pluronic F-68 given alone, as well as the perfluorocarbon emulsion containing Pluronic F-68, suppressed the 24 h DTH for as long as 4 days prior to immunization. Nonemulsified perfluorocarbon, on the other hand, had no effect on either the Arthus reaction or on DTH. The immunostimulatory agent, levamisole, administered (10 mg/ kg i.p.) 1.5 – 2 h prior to immunization with SRBC counteracted both the Arthus reaction and the DTH response produced by Pluronic F-68. The presented data clearly demonstrate that the changes in Arthus reaction and the DTH response are due to the Pluronic F-68 used to emulsify the RM101 perfluorocarbon; the changes induced by the detergent in these two immune parameters probably involve separate mechanisms.
Unsupervised segmentation of brain tissue in multivariate MRI

In this paper, we present an unsupervised, automated technique for brain tissue segmentation based on multivariate magnetic resonance (MR) and spectroscopy images, for patients with gliomas. The algorithm uses spectroscopy data for coarse detection of the tumor region. Once the tumor area is identified, further processing is done on the FLAIR image in the neighborhood of the tumor to determine the hyper-intense abnormality in this region. Areas of contrast enhancement and necrosis are then identified by analyzing the FLAIR abnormality in gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. The healthy brain tissue is then segmented into white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a hierarchical graphical model whose parameters are estimated using the EM algorithm.
Sequential myeloablative autologous stem cell transplantation and reduced intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is safe and feasible in children, adolescents and young adults with poor-risk refractory or recurrent Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

The outcome of children, adolescents and young adults (CAYA) with poor-risk recurrent/refractory lymphoma is dismal (⩽30%). To overcome this poor prognosis, we designed an approach to maximize an allogeneic graft vs lymphoma effect in the setting of low disease burden. We conducted a multi-center prospective study of myeloablative conditioning (MAC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (AutoSCT), followed by a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AlloHCT) in CAYA, with poor-risk refractory or recurrent lymphoma. Conditioning for MAC AutoSCT consisted of carmustine/etoposide/cyclophosphamide, RIC consisted of busulfan/fludarabine. Thirty patients, 16 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 14 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with a median age of 16 years and median follow-up of 5years, were enrolled. Twenty-three patients completed both MAC AutoSCT and RIC AlloHCT. Allogeneic donor sources included unrelated cord blood (n=9), unrelated donor (n=8) and matched siblings (n=6). The incidence of transplant-related mortality following RIC AlloHCT was only 12%. In patients with HL and NHL, 10 year EFS was 59.8% and 70% (P=0.613), respectively. In summary, this approach is safe, and long-term EFS with this approach is encouraging considering the poor-risk patient characteristics and the use of unrelated donors for RIC AlloHCT in the majority of cases.
An Analysis of the Production Line versus the Case Manager Approach to Information Intensive Services

The production line approach has been beneficially used in manufacturing companies to yield consistent-quality standard products at relatively low cost. For this reason, service firms have also employed this approach, which embodies a division of labor, sequential flow processes, and standardization of services. Today's customers, however, are demanding customized services and shorter cycle times—outcomes that the production line approach finds difficult to achieve. An alternative process design proposed for information intensive services is the emerging “case manager” approach, in which all the steps required to deliver a service are performed by a single information technology-enabled individual. This paper uses queuing theory to compare the waiting time performance of the production line and the case manager approaches. This comparison shows that when the number of process steps under the production line approach is relatively large, the relative efficiency of the case manager is sufficiently high, system utilization rate is moderate, and the size of staff downsizing is small, the case manager approach is preferred. Critical issues for the design of enabling information technology are then discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research on the case manager approach.
First Report of Leaf Blight Caused by Pseudomonas syringae on Cornus mas.

Cornellian cherry (Cornus mas) is an enduring dogwood that is primarily grown as an ornamental plant in North America, but in parts of Europe, its fruit is eaten fresh or pickled or made into soft drinks, wine, and liqueur. Cornellian cherry has demonstrated longevity and adaptability and has had no previous disease or pest problems. In Tennessee, a leaf blight was first observed during spring 1996 in nursery plants imported from Europe. The disease quickly spread to other C. mas plants within the nursery and has caused severe damage for three consecutive years. The disease affected mostly leaves and young shoots, causing dark brown necrotic lesions and some die back. In early stages, leaf infection consisted of discrete lesions, angular in shape and surrounded by a chlorotic halo. These lesions eventually coalesced to form large dark necrotic patches that covered a large portion of the leaf or the entire leaf. Disease symptoms were restricted to early spring during wet and cool weather; later in the seas...
Revised primary structure for human growth hormone.

A CLOSE structural similarity between human growth hormone (HGH) and human placental lactogen (HPL), also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS), was postulated several years ago on the basis of physiological and immunological studies1–3 and confirmed by the demonstration of a high degree of homology between the two hormones at the amino-terminus, eleven of the first seventeen residues being identical4. Other studies5, 6 indicated similarities in the amino-acid composition of many of the tryptic peptides derived from HGH and HPL, and established homologies in sequence for a small region at the carboxyl terminus. I have determined much of the remaining amino-acid sequence of the HPL molecule. A full description of this work is in preparation. A portion of the amino-terminal sequence of HPL is shown in Fig. 1, together with corresponding regions of HGH7 and ovine prolactin8. Comparison of the sequences of HPL (residues 1–35) and ovine prolactin (residues 10–44) provides good evidence of homology: residues in twelve of the thirty-five positions are identical and a further ten contain pairs of amino-acids related through highly acceptable point mutations in the codon9.
Target detection and reconstruction for compressive multiple-input, multiple-output ultra-wideband noise radar imaging

We propose a sample selection method for multiple-input, multiple-output ultra-wideband noise radar imaging using compressive sensing. The proposed sample selection is based on comparing the norm values of candidates among the potential received signal and selecting the largest M samples among N per antenna to obtain selection diversity. Moreover, we propose an adaptive weighting allocation that improves reconstruction accuracy of compressive sensing by maximizing the mutual information between target echoes and transmitted signals. This weighting scheme is applicable to both sample selection schemes, a conventional random sampling and the proposed selection. Further, the weighting allocation with the knowledge of recovery error is proposed for more practical scenarios. Simulations show that the proposed selection and weighting allocation enhance multiple target detection probability and reduce normalized mean square error.
Influence of aging on recovery from aphasia in polyglots.

Abstract We analyzed patterns of recovery, according to the rules of Pitres [1895, Revue de Medecine (Paris), 15, 873–899] and Ribot (1881, Les Maladies de la Memoire, Paris: Libraire Germer Baillere et Cie, pp. 146–147), in polyglot aphasics divided into subgroups by age. The rule of Ribot did not apply predictably for any age group. Pitres' rule clearly applied, but only for the nonelderly groups. Aging and its concomitant deterioration of recent memory seem to influence patterns of recovery from aphasia in polyglots.
In Practice: Principles of Persuasion

Drawing on the literatures on negotiation, communication, and persuasion as well as his research on organizational transformation, the author proposes a framework for understanding and enacting the persuasion process in organizations. He lays out key goals of persuasion and ways that skilled leaders can manage the process. The framework focuses attention on the ways leaders shape perceptions of interests and alternatives, as well as how they persuade one-on-one and from a distance. He also highlights the importance of gaining acceptance of ough, unpopular decisions, nothing that the way leaders manage the process can have a major impact on outcomes in such situations.
The biologic activities of cystic fibrosis serum. I. The effects of cystic fibrosis sera and calcium ionophore A 23187 on rabbit tracheal explants.

The Biologic Activities of Cystic Fibrosis Serum. I. The Effects of Cystic Fibrosis Sera and Calcium Ionophore A 23187 on Rabbit Tracheal Explants
Le huis clos tragique de Comme deux frères de Maryse Condé

Deux jeunes Antillais, Jeff et Gregoire, amis depuis longtemps, ont commis de nombreux crimes que Jeff planifiait, que Gregoire executait et pour lesquels Jeff acceptait d’etre emprisonne. Ils se retrouvent un jour dans une cellule de prison apres un braquage qui a mal tourne. Ils font face alors a un dilemme : rester tous les deux en prison ou consentir a ce que l’un des deux soit libere parce que l’autre aura pris sur lui toute la responsabilite du crime. En partageant leurs souvenirs et leurs reves, ils se confrontent et dressent un portrait feroce de la societe guadeloupeenne. Ainsi Maryse Conde fait-elle reflechir sur les carences institutionnelles qui n’offrent aucune solution a leur situation.
Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic assessment, including use of aortic leaflet separation, of cardiac output in children with structural heart disease.

Abstract Use of Doppler echocardiography for determining cardiac output has been widely investigated and validated. 1–6 Validation of this technique in children with congenital heart disease is limited,3,4,7 and some problems, such as obtaining adequate Doppler samples and choice of sample sites, are of concern. This study was undertaken to validate the technique against indocyanine green dye curves in children with structural heart disease during cardiac catheterization or after surgical repair with particular reference to the optimal site for assessing aortic cross-sectional area for the calculation of cardiac output.
Experimental Investigation of Particle Rebound Characteristics on Turbomachinery Leading Edge Geometry

Aircraft gas turbines, steam turbines, coal utilization turbines and many other systems operating under particulate flows are exposed to erosion wear and performance deterioration. This paper describes an experimental technique to evaluate particle rebound characteristics on turbomachinery leading edge geometry using laser velocimetry and high-speed photography. The experimental work was conducted with silica sand particle sizes of 1000–1500 microns and velocity of 15 and 30 m/s. Stainless Steel was the target material. Mach Number and Reynolds Number of the flow were 0.09 and 105 (Based on inlet velocity and test section width) respectively. Wollensax Fastax high-speed camera was used. A camera speed of 2500 frames per second was used. The data were analyzed using x-v, image-processing software. Velocity restitution ratio at various impact locations was calculated. The measured velocity restitution ratio could be used in the numerical simulation to predict particle trajectories, subsequently could be used to identify the critical zones and to predict the erosion rates.Copyright © 1999 by ASME
What is computer security

Computer and network security, or cybersecurity, are critical issues. But merely protecting the systems that hold data about citizens, corporations, and government agencies it is not enough. The infrastructure of networks, routers, domain name servers, and switches that glue these systems together must not fail, or computers will no longer be able to communicate accurately or reliably. Given the magnitude of securing cyberspace, a reflection on what we are trying to do seems in order. Several questions arise, such as what exactly the infrastructure is, what threats it must be secured against, and how protection can be provided on a cost-effective basis. But underlying all these questions is how to define a secure system. What is security? Having it is obviously good; everyone says so. But few people define it exactly, or even nebulously. This column tries to place cybersecurity in perspective, because it is, of course, central to countries, organizations, and even home users now and in the future.
Molecular Packing, Defects, and Transformations in Solid Oxygen

The crystal structure of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ oxygen (monoclinic, $\frac{C2}{m}$, two molecules per cell) determined by Barrett, Meyer, and Wasserman, is consistent with ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ molecules in contact along two rows in the (001) plane, and along two rows lying a plane that is 80.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from (001); contact is defined as the touching of the contours at the 0.002 level of electron density of the contoured electron-density maps for ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ computed by Bader, Henneker, and Cade. Twinning, with a twinning shear of 19\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the [100] direction on the (001) plane, should be easy; both twins and stacking faults are likely to be common and produce features in the x-ray diffraction patterns. The $\ensuremath{\beta}$-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ phase can be seen as closely related to the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ phase: if the (001) planes shear into an ABCABC... sequence and the configuration in the (001) plane is hexagonalized, the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-type structure is obtained. In this structure, if the O-O bonds are tipped about 75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the threefold axis and precess around it, there will be contacting molecules in three directions normal to the threefold axis and also along the triad axis of the rhombohedral cell. Calculated densities of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phases are different at the transition temperature; therefore, the transformation is of first order. The order previously has been in doubt because of the sensitivity of the transformation to stress and to inhibiting factors which spread it over a temperature range.
Vision resolvability for visually servoed manipulation

This article introduces a sensor placement measure called vision resolvability. The measure provides a technique for estimating the relative ability of various visual sensors, including monocular systems, stereo pairs, multi-baseline stereo systems, and 3D rangefinders, to accurately control visually manipulated objects. The resolvability ellipsoid illustrates the directional nature of resolvability, and can be used to direct camera motion and adjust camera intrinsic parameters in real-time so that the servoing accuracy of the visual servoing system improves with camera-lens motion. The Jacobian mapping from task space to sensor space is derived for a monocular system, a stereo pair with parallel optical axes, and a stereo pair with perpendicular optical axes. Resolvability ellipsoids based on these mappings for various sensor configurations are presented. Visual servoing experiments demonstrate that vision resolvability can be used to direct camera-lens motion to increase the ability of a visually servoed manipulator to precisely servo objects. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Structure of boron nitride nanotubes: tube closing versus chirality

The structure of boron nitride nanotubes is investigated using a generalized tight-binding molecular dynamics method. It is shown that dynamic relaxation results in a wavelike or "rippled" surface in which the B atoms rotate inward and the N atoms move outward, reminiscent of the surface relaxation of the III-V semiconductors. More importantly, the three different morphologies of the tube closing with flat, conical and amorphous ends, as observed in experiments, are shown to be directly related to the tube chiralities. The abundance of flat end tubes observed in experiments is, thus, shown to be an indication of the greater stability of "zig-zag" BN tubes over the "arm-chair" tubes under experimental conditions.
Factors Associated With the Higher Traumatic Death Rate Among Rural Children

Abstract Study objective: To examine medical and demographic factors associated with traumatic deaths among children in Kentucky. Methods: This was a retrospective review and multiple regression analysis of all deaths in children younger than 18 years reported to the Kentucky Office of Vital Statistics from 1988 to 1992. Results: All 1,024 pediatric trauma deaths that occurred from 1988 to 1992 were analyzed. Death rates were calculated for each type of trauma for each county in the state. Motor vehicle accidents accounted for most of the pediatric deaths, but this finding was markedly age dependent. Death rates were higher in rural Kentucky for all forms of trauma and were highest in the Appalachian region. Multiple Poisson regression analysis identified variables associated with the traumatic pediatric death rates. Rural setting was associated with higher traumatic death rates, whereas the availability of a hospital with 24-hour emergency services in the county and the presence of advanced life support prehospital care were associated with lower death rates. Children in Appalachia were at an increased risk compared with other Kentucky children, even when we controlled for the rural nature of Appalachia. Conclusion: Demographic and medical system factors are associated with traumatic death rates in Kentucky children. Access to care and advanced prehospital support were both significantly associated with lower pediatric death rates. Increased access to quality care and training of prehospital providers in advanced life support should be priorities in the planning of trauma systems for this state. [Svenson JE, Spurlock C, Nypaver M: Factors associated with the higher traumatic death rate among rural children. Ann Emerg Med May 1996;27:625-632.]
A model of global thermal conductivity in laminated carbon/carbon composites

Starting with thermal conductivity components for the individual continuous unidirectional fiber-reinforced lamina or ply, a method has been developed to determine global conductivities in a laminated carbon/carbon composite. Assuming that all laminae are identical in thickness and in fiber content, effective thermal conductivity in each global direction is determined for the laminated composite. Results are reported for a few selected standard laminate lay-ups and are compared with those reported in the literature.
On a class of operators with finiterank self-commutators

This paper studies the class of pure operatorsA on a Hilbert space\(\mathcal{H}\) satisfying dimKA<∞, where\(K_A = V_{n = 0}^\infty A^{*n} [A^* ,A]\mathcal{H}\). The main tool is a pair of matrices\(C_A = [A^* ,A]_{K_A }\) and\(\Lambda _A = (A^* |_{K_A } )^*\). A reproducing kernel Hilbert space model is introduced for a subclass of this class of operators. Some theorems are established for some subnormal operators as well as hyponormal operators in this class.
A comparison of ball-point drinking spouts and richter tubes in the measurement of ethanol consumption ☆

Abstract The relative efficiencies of using ball-point drinking tubes and Richter tubes to measure ethanol consumption in rats were determined. There was little differences between the two drinking devices in terms of evaporation and spillage. Although there seem to be some slight differences in ethanol consumption from ball-point spouts as compared to Richter tubes dependent upon the type of tube to which the animals are accustomed, both devices are clearly more efficient than valveless drinking tubes in the measurement of ethanol consumption.
Optical Steganography Over a Public DPSK Channel With Asynchronous Detection

We propose to apply optical steganography to public differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) transmission by transmitting a stealth amplitude-modulated signal through a DPSK link. The secretly transmitted signal is temporally stretched with chirped fiber-Bragg gratings (CFBGs), and therefore, can be hidden under public DPSK signals. The stealth signal is successfully recovered and detected asynchronously, without clock synchronization with the transmitter.
CEFTAZIDIME (CAZ) VERSUS CEPHALOTHIN, CARBENICILLIN AND GENTAMICIN (KCG) AS THE INITIAL THERAPY OF THE FEBRILE NEUTROPENIC (F/N) PEDIATRIC CANCER PATIENT

In a randomized trial we compared an extended spectrum cephalosporin (CAZ) and multidrug therapy (KCG) in F/N patients aged 5 mo. - 20 yrs. Of 107 evaluable episodes, 45 were documented infections (13 bacteremias: 6 gram (+); 7 gram (−)). Sixty-two episodes were due to fever of unknown origin (FUO). Results are defined as success alone (SA), success with modification (SM: addition of antifungal, TMP-SMX, erythromycin, or vancomycin), cross-over (X: due to microbiologic failure or toxicity), or failure (F: death due to infection). Results over 15 months are shown: FUO failures were due to fungal superinfection despite early empiric Amphotericin. One cross-over (CAZ to KCG) was due to persistent hypotension: staph aureus bacteremia (CAZ resistant) was subsequently proven. The overall outcome with KCG and CAZ are similar. However, the increasing re-emergence of serious gram (+) infection may necessitate the addition of broader gram (+) coverage in patients treated with CAZ.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy of model neurons: constant distance imaging.

Undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells were imaged with the constant-distance mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using carbon ring and carbon fiber tips. Two types of feedback signals were used for distance control: the electrolysis current of a mediator (constant-current mode) and the impedance measured by the SECM tip (constant-impedance mode). The highest resolution was achieved using carbon ring electrodes with the constant-current mode. However, the constant-impedance mode has the important advantages that topography and faradaic current can be measured simultaneously, and because no mediator is required, the imaging can take place directly in the cell growth media. It was found that vesicular release events do not measurably alter the impedance, but the depolarizing solution, 105 mM K+, produces a dramatic impedance change such that constant-distance imaging cannot be performed during application of the stimulus. However, by operating the tip in the constant-height mode, cel...
Block Copolymer Micelles as Nanocontainers for Controlled Release of Proteins from Biocompatible Oil Phases

Biocompatible oils are used in a variety of medical applications ranging from vaccine adjuvants to vehicles for oral drug delivery. To enable such nonpolar organic phases to serve as reservoirs for delivery of hydrophilic compounds, we explored the ability of block copolymer micelles in organic solvents to sequester proteins for sustained release across an oil−water interface. Self-assembly of the block copolymer, poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PCL-b-P2VP), was investigated in toluene and oleic acid, a biocompatible naturally occurring fatty acid. Micelle formation in toluene was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of micelles cast onto silicon substrates. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy confirmed a spherical morphology in oleic acid. Studies of homopolymer solubility implied that micelles in oleic acid consist of a P2VP corona and a PCL core, while P2VP formed the core of micelles assembled in toluene. The loading of two...
Efficacy of insulin-like growth factor I levels in predicting the response to provocative growth hormone testing

Clinical testing of growth hormone (GH) sufficiency is a controversial area in endocrinology. Due to the episodic nature of endogenous GH secretion, diagnosis of GH deficiency has been defined as a failure to achieve normal GH levels in response to at least two stimuli. This testing is associated with significant patient morbidity and cost. We analyzed our experience over a 4-y period to determine whether clinical or biochemical variables could be used to predict the results of a specific GH testing procedure. Of 180 cases analyzed (67% male, mean age 8.89 +/- 4.39 y, range neonate-16 y), eight cases had incomplete GH testing results. Of the remaining 172, 19 were GH deficient (GH level less than 7 ng/mL). Younger age, higher body mass index and a greater degree of bone age delay were characteristic of the GH-deficient population; however, none of these variables alone was of diagnostic utility. Serum IGF-I level was below the normal range for 81% of the GH deficient and 47% of the GH-sufficient children; and was the only single variable that provided a reasonable between-group distinction. Discriminant analysis resulted in development of a new variable, based on IGF-I z scores, chronologic age, degree of bone age delay, and body mass index, which would have allowed exclusion of GH deficiency without provocative testing for 58% of the GH sufficient population, whereas permitting the diagnosis of GH deficiency for all GH-deficient subjects. Our data are dependent on the IGF-I assay method and the clinical definition for GH deficiency; therefore, the calculated predictive values are not applicable to all clinical populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coma Recovery Scale-Revised: evidentiary support for hierarchical grading of level of consciousness.

Abstract Objective To investigate the neurobehavioral pattern of recovery of consciousness as reflected by performance on the subscales of the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R). Design Retrospective item response theory (IRT) and factor analysis. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Participants Rehabilitation inpatients (N=180) with posttraumatic disturbance in consciousness who participated in a double-blinded, randomized, controlled drug trial. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Scores on CRS-R subscales. Results The CRS-R was found to fit factor analytic models adhering to the assumptions of unidimensionality and monotonicity. In addition, subscales were mutually independent based on residual correlations. Nonparametric IRT reaffirmed the finding of monotonicity. A highly constrained confirmatory factor analysis model, which imposed equal factor loadings on all items, was found to fit the data well and was used to estimate a 1-parameter IRT model. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the unidimensionality of the CRS-R and supports the hierarchical structure of the CRS-R subscales, suggesting that it is an effective tool for establishing diagnosis and monitoring recovery of consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury.
Paternal race and preterm birth

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the contribution of paternal race and parental racial discordance to preterm birth Study Design We used a US natality cohort of 2,845,686 singleton births. Race was self-reported. Preterm birth was defined as a birth at Results In considering white or black parents, black couples demonstrated greater odds of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.3-2.5) than white couples. Compared with white couples, black-white couples had increased odds of preterm birth. In black-white couples, the odds of preterm birth were greater if the mother was black (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-1.9) than if the father was black (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3). Conclusion Regardless of maternal race, paternal black race is associated with increased odds of preterm birth. Additionally, among white-black couples, the odds of preterm birth are greater if the mother is black than if the father is black. These data support the notion of a differential contribution of race on preterm birth depending on the parent of origin.
Multiple cerebral microbleeds: MRI marker of a diffuse hemorrhage-prone state.

Background. Recent reports have indicated that cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) detected on gradient-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging may be a risk factor for therapy-related intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs). Case Description. The authors describe 3 patients with multiple CMBs in whom ICHs occurred either after tissue plasminogen activator administration or after the initiation of antiplatelet therapy. Hemorrhages occurred in brain areas with normal appearances on GRE imaging and remote from the CMBs. Conclusion. Multiple CMBs may signal a diffuse hemorrhage–prone vasculopathy.
SU‐E‐T‐138: Evaluation of CAFCHROMIC® EBT2 Films as An Absolute and Relative Dosimeters in Small Field Dosimetry

Purpose: The accuracy of second generation EBT film (EBT2) in commissioning of small fields for stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) has yet to be demonstrated. We evaluate EBT2 films against a diode in a set of small circular fields collimated by cones. We investigate the challenges of EBT2 films for small field dosimetry and evaluate its accuracy as an absolute or relative dosimeter against diode measurements. Methods: Output factors (OFs), central‐axis percentage depth dose curves (PDDs) and cross‐beam profiles from a set of 9 Brainlab® SRS cones, with diameters ranging from 5 to 30 mm, were measured with a Scanditronix stereostatic diode(SFD) on a Varian Trilogy Linac. Measurements were repeated using EBT2 films in a Solid Water phantom. Blue‐color channel correction, as recommended by the vendor, was also investigated for reducing the effect of film inhomogeneity. Results: The OFs with EBT2 and diode agree within 1.1%, on average, for cone sizes 10 mm and above. SFD measures higher OFs than EBT2 for cones smaller than 10mm, likely due to the water nonequivalence of the silicon material in the diode detector which effectively reduces lateral electronic disequilibrium in small fields. Profiles and PDDs between EBT2 and diode match closely with each other. Film measurements were sometimes irregular due to non‐homogeneous film response. Blue‐color channel correction did not mitigate the film inhomogeneity. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that EBT2 films can be applied as absolute and relative dosimeters for measuring dose in small fields. Because EBT2 are more water‐equivalent than diode, it is likely that OFs measured by EBT2 in cones smaller than 10 mm are closer to truth. Inhomogeneity of the EBT2 films needs to be carefully evaluated before clinical use and the blue‐color channel correction is not recommended.
Identification of nosean in sodalite and conversion of nosean to sodalite

Abstract Sodalite (Na 6 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ·2NaBr) grown hydrothermally in insufficient solvent concentrations contains a second phase. This additional phase is identified, using X-ray diffraction, as basic nosean (Na 6 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ·2NaOH·nH 2O ). A low-temperature reaction (LTR) process which converts the nosean phase to sodalite by removing H 2 O from the structure was developed and is discussed. The LTR process enhances the coloration sensitivity of sodalite grown by hydrothermal and solid sintering techniques by increasing the degree of crystallinity of the material.
Effect of ethanol on tyrosine hydroxylation in brain regions of long and short sleep mice

The effect of ethanol on the in vivo rate of tyrosine hydroxylation in 6 brain regions was examined in two lines of mice selectively bred for a differential sensitivity to ethanol. The mice are designated long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) and lose their righting reflex for a duration of 100 minutes (LS) and 13 minutes (SS) following an intraperitoneal dose of ethanol of 4.0 g/kg. DOPA accumulation after NSD-1015 administration was measured in the absence and presence of ethanol (4.0 g/kg, IP) in the periods 5-35 minutes and 85-115 minutes after saline or ethanol. There were no differences between the lines in either basal catecholamine levels or basal tyrosine hydroxylation rates (as measured by DOPA accumulation) in any brain region except the cerebellum, where the norepinephrine content in the SS mice is 33% greater and the tyrosine hydroxylation rate is 25% higher than that in the LS mice. In the presence of ethanol, there was a differential effect on the in vivo tyrosine hydroxylation rate. In the cerebellum of both LS and SS mice there was a decreased rate of tyrosine hydroxylation in the early period after ethanol, but the rate in the cerebellum of SS mice returned to the control value at 85-115 min. At that time, the rate in LS mice is still decreased. In the locus ceruleus, hypothalamus and frontal cortex, ethanol has no effect on the rate of tyrosine hydroxylation in either LS or SS mice during the early period, but ethanol decreases the rate during the later period in the LS mice only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)