cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postprandial Hyperglycemia/Hyperlipidemia (Postprandial Dysmetabolism) Is a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Epidemiologic data indicate that a postprandial state characterized by abnormally increased levels of glucose and lipids (also referred to as postprandial dysmetabolism) is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events, even in nondiabetic subjects. The cardiovascular toxicity of postprandial dysmetabolism is mediated by oxidant stress, which is directly proportional to the increase in glucose after a meal. This transient increase in free radicals acutely triggers inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, sympathetic hyperactivity, and a cascade of other atherogenic changes. The postprandial dysmetabolism hypothesis has been bolstered by interventional studies that have demonstrated that blunting the postprandial spikes in glucose and lipids improves inflammation and endothelial function immediately. Early randomized controlled trials indicate that reducing postprandial dysmetabolism appears to significantly slow atherosclerotic progression and may improve cardiovascular prognosis. In conclusion, postprandial dysmetabolism appears to be an important proximate cause of adverse cardiovascular events. Addressing this fundamental and largely unrecognized condition will require specific screening and treatment strategies. Diet, exercise, and various pharmacologic agents can improve postprandial dysmetabolism. Using these strategies may help improve the prognosis for patients with diabetes mellitus and/or coronary heart disease.
Strain interactions and the low-temperature properties of glasses

It is shown that the anomalous low-temperature specific heat of amorphous materials may arise from strain interactions between two-level tunneling states. The calculation relates the specific heat to the elastic constants of the glass. The result suggests a reason for widely different glasses having very similar low-temperature properties.
Peripheral circulation in arterial hypertension

The underlying causes of hypertensive disease remain unclear. This article has attempted to highlight potential dysfunctions in arterial pressure regulation which could either initiate or sustain the hypertensive process. As has been suggested innumerable times hypertension must certainly be a multifactorial abnormality. The current state of knowledge about control of the peripheral circulation in high arterial pressure reinforces the view that interactions between neurogenic, myogenic, humoral, and structural factors are probably disrupted when hypertension appears.
Determinants of receiving breast-conserving surgery. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1983-1986.

Background. Although breast-conserving surgery was used with increasing frequency during the 1980s for management of breast cancer, most women still undergo mastectomy, and a substantial variation has been documented in the proportion of women receiving breast-conserving surgery across regions of the country. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program for 1983–1986, we assessed characteristics of the county of residence as predictors of receipt of breast-conserving surgery and determined whether regional variation persisted after considering these characteristics. Methods. The data used involved all 19,661 non-Hispanic white women with localized breast cancer diagnosed in 1983 through 1986 in the nine SEER regions. Information on county characteristics was obtained from standard sources and merged with the SEER data. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to assess the effects of county characteristics on type of surgery for breast cancer. Results. As anticipated, age was a strong predictor of type of surgery. In analyses that controlled for age, county characteristics that significantly predicted receipt of breast-conserving surgery included physician-to-population ratio, education and income levels, the presence of a cancer center, and the presence of a city of at least 100,000. After controlling for these factors using multiple logistic regression, substantial regional variation persisted. Conclusions. Regional variation in treatment of localized breast cancer across the SEER regions is not explained by patient's age or county characteristics. Research is needed to address the decision making of individual patients and their physicians regarding type of surgery.
Factors influencing perioperative morbidity during palliation of the univentricular heart

Background The modified Fontan procedure has become the treatment of choice for patients born with a univentricular heart. Although the operative mortality has steadily decreased in recent years, the hospital stay is still prolonged in many patients due to fluid retention and pleural effusions. Methods We retrospectively analyzed subsets of patients undergoing the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BDCPS) and modified Fontan procedure in an attempt to define factors influencing operative mortality and morbidity. Results Multivariate analysis of 64 patients undergoing BDCPS revealed that age 6 months or less, concomitant operation, mean pulmonary pressure of 15 mm Hg or less, and mean pulmonary artery ratio of 1.8:1 or less were not statistically significant indicators of risk. Abnormal pulmonary artery architecture was a significant predictor of early and late death (p ≤ 0.01). Retrospective analysis of 71 patients undergoing the modified Fontan procedure revealed no significant relationship between duration of pleural effusions and age at operation, preoperative oxygen saturation, pulmonary artery pressure, ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or prior BDCPS. Patients with important aortopulmonary collateral vessels defined by angiography had prolonged pleural drainage. Selective use of the total extracardiac conduit and the fenestrated Fontan resulted in low overall mortality with no statistical differences between subsets of patients undergoing different modifications of the Fontan procedure. Conclusions These data indicate that the operative risk for BDCPS or modified Fontan procedure is quite low if a procedure appropriate for the patient is selected. Abnormal pulmonary artery architecture is an important risk factor for death after the BDCPS. Aortopulmonary collateral vessels are associated with fluid retention and pleural effusions after a modified Fontan procedure. Important aortopulmonary collateral vessels should be occluded before or during the modified Fontan procedure.
Ribonuclease Activity in Normal, opaque-2, and floury-2 Maize Endosperm during Development

The elevated ribonuclease activity produced in the endosperm of a maize (Zea mays L.) inbred, W64A, by homozygous opaque-2, results from a more than doubled rate of ribonuclease accumulation occurring prior to 16 days post-pollination; after 16 days the rates in opaque-2 and normal are the same, suggesting that opaque-2 is no longer active. The pattern of ribonuclease increase in the opaque-2 dosage series indicates that opaque-2 is not fully recessive. Ribonuclease accumulation is not affected by floury-2 in a second inbred, B14. The results are discussed with reference to other proteins, notably zein, the net synthesis of which is affected by opaque-2.
Feminist economics: an Austrian perspective

This paper attempts to assess the recent literature on feminist economics from the perspective of modern Austrian economics. Feminists and Austrians share many epistemological and methodological criticisms of neoclassical theory, although Austrians have never linked those criticisms to gender. Both groups argue that the attempt to mimic the methods of the natural sciences has been a particular source of trouble for neoclassicism. The paper suggests that these common points of criticism can serve as a starting point for dialogue between the two groups. Despite their similar criticisms, the groups do have divergent views on what economic theory should look like, as well as the policy conclusions that likely flow from those theories. The paper explores two examples of theoretical differences (the concept of utility and the relationship between competition and cooperation) and suggests ways that feminists and Austrians might begin to sort out their differences.
A simple pen-spotting method for arraying biomolecules on solid substrates

Abstract We describe a simple, relatively inexpensive method for depositing biomolecules on a solid substrate using Rapidograph® drafting pens. The pens can be used without modification to accurately deposit spots between ∼100 and 600 μm in diameter. When mounted on a suitable microtranslation stage, the pens can be used to easily deposit tens of spots aligned with underlying substrate features such as microfabricated sensors. The pens are particularly convenient because pre-mixed solutions can be stored in the pens for multiple uses. We demonstrate the use of this approach to deposit DNA probes on a microsensor array.
Enhancement of fibrogenesis by the p53 tumor suppressor protein in asbestos-exposed rodents.

2001;120;S33-S34 Chest Gilbert F. Morris Anne Nelson, Tamra Mendoza, Gary W. Hoyle, Arnold R. Brody, Cesar Fermin and * Suppressor Protein in Asbestos-Exposed Rodents Enhancement of Fibrogenesis by the p53 Tumor http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/120/1_suppl/S33.full.html found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services can be ) ISSN:0012-3692 http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( written permission of the copyright holder. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. been published monthly since 1935. Copyright2001by the American College of is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has Chest
Enterprise and social progress

The test of any form of social organization is the opportunities it creates for the release and development of human energies, declares this economist. On that basis he contrasts the principle of “enterprise,” as it has operated in the United States for 150 years, with the older principle of “authority,” and predicts the outcome of the struggle between them.
Should cholecystectomy be performed for asymptomatic cholelithiasis in transplant patients

In the general population, the standard of treatment for asymptomatic gallstones is expectant management. The management of asymptomatic gallstones in solid organ transplant recipients has been controversial based on reports in the literature of an increased prevalence of gallstones and increased risk of complications from posttransplantation cholecystitis. Previous recommendations have been based on limited case series and have encompassed the full range of options, including expectant management, routine screening with pretransplantation cholecystectomy, and prophylactic cholecystectomy posttransplantation. These different management strategies have not been systematically evaluated. Patients undergoing solid organ transplantation exhibit several unique components of biliary disease. Differences in the prevalence of gallstones, their natural history, and the morbidity and mortality of preand posttransplantation cholecystectomy must be considered in developing a management plan for asymptomatic cholelithiasis in transplantation patients compared with the general population. This article summarizes previously published reports that have attempted to answer the question: Is prophylactic cholecystectomy indicated in adult solid organ (heart, lung, kidney, and pancreas) transplant recipients? While bone marrow transplantation patients also demonstrate similar tendencies toward the development of cholelithiasis and biliary sludge, this article is limited to adult solid organ transplantation recipients. Liver transplantation patients are reported to have an increased incidence of sludge and gallstones also, but undergo cholecystectomy at the time of hepatectomy, and so are excluded from this analysis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY While the development of gallstones probably results from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors, alterations in physiologic states associated with organ transplantation might also impact the development of gallstones.
Propositions on Military Deception

The concept 'lying' encompasses that of 'cover'. To lie is also to withhold information, but it is something more as well: a liar acts to deflect his victim away from the truth, and thus lying highlights deception's positive side. Liars create and perpetrate falsities and seek to fasten a victim's attention to them. In the narrow sense, to lie simply means making an untrue statement, but in a broader sense it can also involve manipulating the context surrounding the statement in order to enhance its veracity.3 This is what we mean by artifice, an important element of nearly all strategic deceptions.
Surgical margin status after radical retropubic prostatectomy

This month there are two mini-reviews on aspects of prostate cancer. The first, from the USA, presents the implications of surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy and the potential role of adjuvant radiation therapy. The second, from the USA and Belgium, discusses the use of hormonal therapy for PSA-only recurrence of prostate cancer after previous local therapy. In the third mini-review, the condition known as hypoactive sexual desire disorder is described, and that it is often ignored or erroneously treated as erectile dysfunction suggests to the authors that education of doctors and patients is required. Finally, there is a mini-review of conventional and alternative methods for providing analgesia in renal colic.
Electron donor-acceptor complexes of polyoxometalates with organic molecules. Picosecond spectroscopy of [(N-methylpyrrolidinone)2H+PW 12O403−

The photochemistry of the electron donor-acceptor complex formed between N-methylpyrrolidinone and H3PW12O40 was investigated by means of picosecond absorption spectroscopy. Excitation at 355 nm generates PW12O404− within ≈90 ps after excitation. Evidence exists for the production of a species within the time duration of the excitation laser pulse which either gives rise to or exists with PW12O404−.
Solvent-Free Fabrication of polyHIPE Microspheres for Controlled Release of Growth Factors

The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is utilized in surgical procedures to improve bone regeneration; however, current treatments deliver BMP-2 at amounts greater than 100,000 fold of physiological levels, which increases treatment costs and risk of side effects. Drug-eluting microcarriers developed to improve these therapies have faced significant commercialization challenges including particle size distributions, solvent removal, low encapsulation efficiency, and bioactivity loss. In this study, a solvent-free method is presented for fabrication of uniform polyHIPE microspheres for controlled growth factor release. Emulsion templating principles and fluid dynamics were used to fabricate uniform particles with tunable particle size (200-800 μm) and pore size (10-30 μm). The ability to independently tune particle and pore size is expected to provide excellent control of release kinetics. Overall, this solvent-free method for making porous microspheres displays strong promise for the controlled release of BMP-2 and other growth factors.
A fifty‐variable nonlinear problem

A system of nonlinear equations of twenty‐five variables over the complex plane is stated. It is shown how to treat this system of equations as a minimization problem (a minimum in absolute value producing a solution) of fifty variables over the real numbers. Then a multi‐stage Monte Carlo optimization program is written to find solutions of the system of equations. In the region searched for solutions there were approximately 1 x 10500 possible answers. However a trail of only 15 500 feasible answers led right to a solution (accurate to five decimal places) on each three minute run.
Triangular halogen-halogen-halogen interactions as a cohesive force in the structures of trihalomesitylenes

The structures and molecular packing of tribromo- and triiodomesitylene are reported and compared to that of trichloromesitylene. Attractive triangular X3 interactions dominate the molecular packing in all three structures. The nonspherical atomic charge distribution on the halogens results in the formation donor−acceptor interactions in which each halogen atom is simultaneously a donor and an acceptor. These triangular X3 (X = Br or I) interactions result in the formation of 2-dimensional sheetlike structures.
Transforming Growth Factor β Regulates the Expression of the M2 Muscarinic Receptor in Atrial Myocytes via an Effect on RhoA and p190RhoGAP

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling is involved in the development and regulation of multiple organ systems and cellular signaling pathways. We recently demonstrated that TGFβ regulates the response of atrial myocytes to parasympathetic stimulation. Here, TGFβ1 is shown to inhibit expression of the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2), which plays a critical role in the parasympathetic response of the heart. This effect is mimicked by overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of RhoA and by the RhoA kinase inhibitor Y27632, whereas adenoviral expression of a dominant activating-RhoA reverses TGFβ inhibition of M2 expression. TGFβ1 also mediates a decrease in GTP-bound RhoA and a reciprocal increase in the expression of the RhoA GTPase-activating protein, p190RhoGAP, whereas total RhoA is unchanged. Inhibition of M2 promoter activity by TGFβ1 is mimicked by overexpression of p190RhoGAP, whereas a dominant negative mutant of p190RhoGAP reverses this effect of TGFβ1. In contrast to atrial myocytes, in mink lung epithelial cells, in which TGFβ signaling through activation of RhoA has been previously identified, TGFβ1 stimulated an increase in GTP-bound RhoA in association with a reciprocal decrease in the expression of p190RhoGAP. Both effects demonstrated a similar dose dependence on TGFβ1. Thus TGFβ regulation of M2 muscarinic receptor expression is dependent on RhoA, and TGFβ regulation of p190RhoGAP expression may be a cell type-specific mechanism for TGFβ signaling through RhoA.
Optimization of the Flow Field of a Novel ARID Raceway (ARID-HV) for Algal Production

This paper addresses issues of flow field optimization for a water raceway which is used to grow algae for biofuels. An open channel raceway is the typical facility to grow algae in medium to large scales. The algae growth rate in a raceway is affected by conditions of temperature, nutrients, and sunlight intensity etc. These conditions are essentially associated with the fluid mixing in the flow field. Good flow mixing at low consumption of pumping power for the water flow is desirable for an economic algal growth facility. A novel design of an open channel raceway for medium- and large-scale algae growth field has been proposed by the authors previously, which is called High Velocity Algae Raceway Integrated Design (ARID-HV). Optimization analysis using CFD and experimental visualization has been applied to a table-sized ARID-HV test model with various geometries of dams and their spacing in the system. CFD results and flow visualization allow us to understand the flow mixing in the entire raceway. Data is also processed to show the statistics of the locations of ‘fluid particles’ at different height and time period during one flow path. Different flow field designs were thus compared quantitatively based on this statistics according to the understanding that the “tumbling times” of fluid particles at bottom/top of the water is tightly related to the growth rate of algae.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
An ESR study of decomposition of carbon-bisulfate compounds

Abstract The process of driving out sulfuric acid from a carbon by heating in vacuum was studied by ESR measurements. There is a sudden dramatic increase in width of the ESR line followed by a somewhat slower decrease, the tip of the peak (∼ 200°C) coinciding with the beginning of the driving-out process. Some molecular relocations with increase in ionization occur before that stage. The peak corresponds to a kinetic type process occurring in the residual part of the compound. A second broad peak is observed at higher temperature (∼ 500–600°C) which seems to reflect some rearrangements taking place when and if there is an overabundance of acid present at the start of the process.
Tartrazine: quantitative passive hemagglutination studies on a food-borne allergen of small molecular weight.

Abstract The quantitative hemagglutination migration procedure was adapted for the measurement of the food-borne allergen, tartrazine (FD&C Yellow No. 5). Tartrazine and sulfanilic acid are structurally and haptenically related, so the migration system was developed with azo sulfanilate coupled to sheep red blood cells and with antisera to azo sulfanilate. Tartrazine was a more effective inhibitor of the system than was sulfanilic acid. The system was most appropriately represented by the empirical mathematical model Log 10 Y = β 0 + β 1 X + ϵ , where Y = mm cell migration, X = serum concentration, β 0 and β 1 = regression coefficients, and ϵ = the residual error.
A model of human cytomegalovirus infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice

Animal models for the evaluation of therapies against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are limited due to the species-specific replication of CMV. Models utilizing human fetal tissues implanted into SCID mice have been used but tend to be labor intensive and require human tissues. We therefore developed a model using HCMV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) seeded onto a biodegradable gelatin matrix (Gelfoam). Infected HFFs are then implanted subcutaneously into SCID mice. We next evaluated two antivirals in this model. Treatment from days 0 to 5 with ganciclovir (GCV) produced a marginally significant reduction in viral titer while treatment from days 0 to 14 resulted in a more significant reduction in viral titers of 1.47 log(10)pfu/ml (P<0.0001). Viral titers were similarly reduced in a group receiving GCV treatment from days 7 to 14 post-implantation (1.50 log(10)pfu/ml, P<0.0001). Cidofovir therapy from days 7 to 14 reduced viral titers by almost 2 log(10)pfu/ml (from 3.51+/-0.31 log(10)pfu/ml in untreated animals to 1.56+/-0.40 log(10)pfu/ml in treated animals, P<0.0001). These results indicate that the Gelfoam-HCMV SCID mouse model is suitable for the in vivo evaluation of new antivirals against HCMV and is simpler and more convenient than previous models.
Generalized tetany: an unusual complication during dobutamine stress echocardiography.

Abstract Dobutamine stress echocardiography is a frequently used noninvasive method for the evaluation of inducible myocardial ischemia, myocardial viability, and preoperative cardiac risk. Although its clinical safety has been validated, side effects and complications especially with the coadministration of atropine can occur. We report a case of generalized tetany in a 49-year-old woman undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:1414-6.)
The p38-MAPK/SAPK Pathway is Required for Human Keratinocyte Migration on Dermal Collagen

Human keratinocyte motility plays an important role in the re-epithelialization of human skin wounds. The wound bed over which human keratinocytes migrate is rich in extracellular matrices, such as fibrin, fibronectin, and collagen, and serum factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β1. Extracellular matrices and the serum factors bind to cell surface receptors and initiate a cascade of intracellular signaling events that regulate cell migration. In this study, we identified an intracellular signaling pathway that mediates collagen-driven motility of human keratinocytes. Pharmaco logic inhibition of the activation of p38-α and p38-β mitogen-activated protein kinase activation potently blocked collagen-driven human keratinocyte migration. Transfection of the same keratinocytes with the kinase-negative mutants of p38-α or p38-β mitogen-activated protein kinase markedly inhibited keratinocyte migration on collagen. Attachment of keratinocytes to collagen activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as p44/p42 ERKs. Interestingly, activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by overexpressing the constitutively active MKK3 and MKK6, MKK3b(E) and MKK6b(E), could neither initiate migration in the absence of collagen nor enhance collagen-driven migration. This study provides evidence that the p38-MAPK/SAPK pathway is necessary, but insufficient, for mediating human keratinocyte migration on collagen.
Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in helium films.

The superfluid response of helium films with transition temperatures ranging from 70 mK to 0.5 K has been studied using a torsional oscillator technique. A detailed analysis of the background indicates that the initial nonsuperfluid layer has an unexpected temperature-dependent period shift and dissipation. The superfluid response obeys a general scaling law which can be derived from the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory. Comparisons with the dynamic theory reveal nonuniversal behavior as a function of coverage.
A parametric model for classifying land cover and evaluating training data based on multi-temporal remote sensing data

Abstract Time series of multispectral images are widely used to monitor and map land cover. However, high dimensionality and missing data present significant challenges for classification algorithms that use multi-temporal remotely sensed data. Further, generation and assessment of high quality training data, including detection of outliers and changed pixels in training data, is difficult. In this paper we present a new statistical framework that is based on a parametric model that enables a targeted principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of multi-temporal remote sensing data. In doing so, the model provides a novel basis for land cover classification and evaluating the nature and quality of training data used for supervised classifications. The methodology we describe uses a Kronecker operator to reduce the spectral dimensionality of multi-temporal images while preserving their temporal structure, thereby providing low-dimensional data that is well-suited for classification and outlier detection problems. As part of our framework, we use an expectation–maximization method to impute missing data, and propose new metrics that characterize the representativeness and pixel-to-pixel homogeneity of training sites used for supervised classification. To evaluate our approach, we use data from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and extracted more than 200 training sites where the land cover has been characterized from high spatial resolution imagery. The original input data was composed of 196 features (28 dates × 7 bands), and the PCA-based approach we describe captured 91% of the variance, in these 7 bands, in 3 components. Results from maximum likelihood classification show that the retained principal components successfully distinguish land cover classes from one another, with classification results that were comparable to supervised machine learning methods applied to the original MODIS data. Analysis of our site composition metrics show that they successfully characterize the homogeneity (or lack thereof) and representativeness of individual pixels and entire sites relative to other training sites in the same class.
Atmospheric Deposition of Toxic Pollutants to the Great Lakes As Measured by the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network

To determine atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic contaminants to the Great Lakes, the United States and Canada established the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN), designed to collect regional data representative of the air over the lakes. In this paper, we present an update of atmospheric loadings to the Great Lakes for seven organochlorine pesticides, four polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and total-PCBs, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and four trace metals. Calculations are based on gas, particle, and precipitation samples obtained in 1993 and 1994 at the five master IADN sampling stations. Air−water exchange is the dominant process for most organochlorines and lower molecular weight PAHs. Within the uncertainty in the data given here, current atmospheric loadings are indistinguishable from air−water equilibrium having been achieved over the lakes. In other words, the deposition of most organochlorine compounds into the Great Lakes is about balanced by the evapora...
Effect of a pregroup collective project on the cohesiveness of inpatient therapy groups.

Summa~y.-An attempt was made to increase the cohesion of inpatient therapy groups by having the group members work collectively on a creative art project immediately prior to their second therapy session. Ten short-term inpatient psychotherapy groups, having 6 to 8 members each, were randomly assigned either to this collective project or to an individual project on which group members worked individually on a similar art project. In the therapy session which followed, groups on the collective project showed a significant decrease in physical distance berween group members relative to a baseline therapy session and relative to groups on the individual project. Groups on the collective project also scored significantly higher on a cohesion questionnaire than those in the individual project. The questionnaire and interrnemberdistance measures of group cohesion correlated highly (0.72). Intermember distance returned to baseline during a follow-up therapy session. No differences in the frequency of three types of verbal behavior were found during therapy. Collective art projects may be used to increase cohesion in short-term groups. Further exploration of intermember distance as a measure of group cohesion was suggested.
Pyridine sorption from aqueous solution by montmorillonite and kaolinite

Pyridine sorption from aqueous solution onto highly-purified sodium kaolinite and sodium montmorillonite of colloidal dimensions was studied by sterile, radiochemical procedures. The process is attributed to cationic exchange with the extent of pyridium ion sorption depending upon the pH of the solution. Sorption occurs from acidic solutions with maxima occurring for sodium kaolinite at approximately pH 5.5 and for sodium montmorillonite at approximately pH 4.0. Pyridine molecules do not sorb at pH > 7. Sorption is described by the empirical Freundlich relationship. Isotherms were obtained at 1° and 24°C with sorption greater at 1°C. Equilibria were achieved within 24 h with significant sorption occurring in less than 17 min. Equilibrium intervals did not vary over clay: pyridine ratios of 12.15 to 6.25 × 104
Generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for the proton-neutron difference in chiral perturbation theory

Applications of the chiral expansion to generalize the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for finite ${Q}^{2}$ are discussed. The observation of several authors that the corrections to the leading order contributions are large and limit the applicability to a very small range in ${Q}^{2}$ are only valid when considering the generalization of the sum rule for protons and neutrons separately. When using the proton-neutron difference, the chiral expansion may be valid to considerably higher ${Q}^{2}$ where hadronic degrees of freedom at large distances may connect up with quark and gluon degrees of freedom. This could mark the first time that nucleon structure is described by fundamental theory from large to small distances.
Influence of ventricular size on the relationship between contractile and manifest tension

Abstract The purpose of this discussion was to show, on the basis of purely theoretical considerations, that the ability of contractile myocardial tension to raise intraventricular pressure is related to the size (geometry) of the ventricle. Tangentially acting contractile myocardial tension produces a radially acting resultant force (manifest or effective tension) which is equal to intraventricular pressure. In the dilated heart, the “hoop” angle, i.e., the angle between two representative vectors of contractile tension acting tangentially to the ventricular wall, is wide and decreases only slightly during systole. On the other hand, in the normal-sized heart, the “hoop” angle is narrow and decreases in magnitude markedly during systole. The effectiveness with which the tangentially acting forces of myocardial contractile tension raise intraventricular pressure depends, in part, at least, upon the magnitude of the hoop angle. The wider the “hoop” angle, the less effective the forces of contractile tension become in raising intraventricular pressure. Therefore, greater contractile tractile tension is necessary to support a given intraventricular pressure for the dilated than for the normal-sized heart.
The 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone: location of the amino acid deletions.

Abstract The 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone lacks a sequence of 15 amino acids normally found in the hormone. The deletion involves residues 32 through 46. The remainder of the molecule is identical to the larger form of the hormone. These results suggest that the variant is the product of a deletion mutation in the growth hormone gene.
Exact special solutions with solitary patterns for the nonlinear dispersive K(m,n) equations

Abstract In this paper, we study the genuinely nonlinear dispersive K(m,n) equation, ut−(um)x+(un)xxx=0, which exhibits solutions with solitary patterns. Exact solutions that create solitary patterns having cusps or infinite slopes are developed. The nonlinear equation K(m,n) is addressed for two different cases, namely when m=n=odd integer and when m=n=even integer. General formulas for the solutions of these cases of the K(m,n) equations are established.
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists in the treatment of cancer

Although still early in clinical development, agonists of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) have demonstrated potential for the treatment of cancer. TLR9 agonists directly induce activation and maturation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and enhance differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Preclinical and early clinical data support the use of TLR9 agonists in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. In preclinical studies, TLR9 agonists have shown activity not only as monotherapy, but also in combination with multiple other therapies, including vaccines, antibodies, cellular therapies, other immunotherapies, antiangiogenic agents, radiotherapy, cryotherapy and some chemotherapies. Phase I and II clinical trials have indicated that these agents have antitumor activity as single agents and enhance the development of antitumor T-cell responses when used as therapeutic vaccine adjuvants. The activity and safety of these novel anticancer agents are being explored in a wide range of tumor types as part of a variety of therapeutic strategies with the goal of harnessing the immune response to fight cancer.
The requirements of a high performance implementation of PVM

Abstract PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) is currently a de facto standard in the world of distributed computing based on message passing [10]. PV Me is a proprietary realization of the PVM programming model which maintains the full compliance with the original programming interface, but it is specially tuned to obtain higher performances on the SP2, the IBM parallel system based on the POWER 2 architecture and the AIX operating system. During the design and the development of PVMe we had a unique chance to gain clear indications about the aspects of the run-time system support more critical to achieve good results running applications by means of PVM. Hereafter we report about our experience and the (hopefully) useful lesson we learnt.
Energy content of propellants and of explosives

Gewohnliche Explosivmittel und Raketentriebstoffe entwickeln nach Zundung Reaktionswarmen, welche den Wertqv=3 kcal je cm3 nicht uberschreiten. Dies gilt besonders fur Kombinationen, die nur Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff, Stickstoff und Sauerstoff enthalten. Da die Reaktionsprodukte solcher Triebstoffe alle gasformig sind, geht im wesentlichen die Sublimationswarme der ursprunglich festen Stoffe verloren, und die Werte vonqverscheinen entsprechend niedriger. Im gleichen Sinne wirkt die relativ leichte Dissozierbarkeit von CO, CO2 und H2O bei den resultierenden Explosionstemperaturen. Um grossere Werte vonqvzu erzielen, mussen deshalb Elemente, wie Lithium, Bor, Magnesium, Aluminium und Silizium, in die Explosivstoffe eingebaut werden, die nach Detonation feste und flussige Oxyde und Verbindungen liefern. Es wird an Hand einiger Beispiele gezeigt, dass auf diese Weise Energiemengen verfugbar werden, die im Bereich von 4 bis 7 kcal je cm3 liegen. Zur praktischen Ausfuhrung konnen die genannten Leichtelemente entweder physikalisch einem gewohnlichen Explosivstoff beigemischt werden, oder es konnen diese Elemente mit Wasserstoff, Stickstoff und eventuell Sauerstoff, Fluor usw. zur Verbindung gebracht und mit einem zusatzlichen Oxydationsmittel reagiert werden. Falls man in explosiven Hohlladungen potentiell selbstreagierende Einlagen aus komprimiertem Thermit oder ahnlichen Kompositionen benutzt, werden nach Detonation gluhende Teilchen grosser Geschwindigkeit und grosser Durchdringungsfahigkeit ausgeschleudert. Diese Teilchen konnen auch als in einem Vakuum wie dem interplanetarischen Raum selbstleuchtende kunstliche Meteore zu Experimenten verschiedener Art benutzt werden.
Self-Reports of Police Speeding Stops by Race: Results from the North Carolina Reverse Record Check Survey

Survey reports of police stops and driving behavior are a potential methodology for examining the magnitude and prevalence of the “Driving While Black” phenomena. However, estimates of the magnitude or correlates of racial disparity in police stops from self-reported survey data are potentially compromised if the accuracy of self-reports of police stops and driving behavior differ by race. We report on the results of a reverse record check survey in which we directly assess the degree and consequences of differences by race in self-reports of police stops. In our sample of drivers who had been cited for speeding in the preceding year, we found that 77% of the White respondents and 71% of the African American respondents admitted to being stopped. While both groups underreport stops, African Americans do so at a higher rate. This finding is consistent with many past studies which report stronger social desirability effects on survey responses among African Americans. Thus, survey data will tend to underestimate the magnitude of the “Driving While Black” phenomena.
Growth of Taylor coefficients over complex homogeneous spaces

Given a non-negative Hermitian form on the dual of the Lie algebra of a complex Lie group, one can associate to it a (possibly degenerate) Laplacian on the Lie group. Under Hormander's condition on the Laplacian there exists a smooth time-dependent measure, convolution by which gives the semigroup generated by the Laplacian. Fixing a positive time, we may form the Hilbert space of holomorphic functions on the group which are square integrable with respect to this “heat kernel” measure. At the same time, under Hormander's condition, the given Hermitian form extends to a time dependent norm on the dual of the universal enveloping algebra. In previous work we have shown that, for each positive time, the Taylor map, which sends a holomorphic function to its set of Taylor coefficients at the identity element, is a unitary map from the previous Hilbert space of square integrable holomorphic functions onto a Hilbert space contained in the dual of the universal enveloping algebra. The present paper is concerned with the behavior of these two families of Hilbert spaces when the Lie group is replaced by a product of complex Lie groups or by a quotient by a not necessarily normal subgroup. We obtain thereby the first example of unitarity of the Taylor map for a complex manifold which is not a Lie group. In addition, we determine the behavior of these spaces as the given Hermitian form varies.
The Distribution of Concentrated Solar Radiation in Paraboloidal Collectors

A procedure is presented for calculating the distribution of concentrated flux in paraboloidal solar collectors and is applied to idealized and practical cases. This procedure is based on the firmly established concepts of the flux integral and radiant intensity but is implemented by simple geometrical constructions involving infinitesimal pyramids based on the reflecting surface. This procedure yields a formulation well suited for numerical evaluation.
Experimental Evaluation of the Laser Assisted Machining of Silicon Nitride Ceramics

To assess the feasibility of the laser assisted machining (LAM) process for the machining of difficult-to-machine materials such as structural ceramics, experiments were performed on silicon nitride workpieces for a wide range of operating conditions. Data for cutting forces and surface temperatures indicate that the lower bound of the material removal temperature for avoidance of cutting tool and/or workpiece fracture corresponds to the YSiAlON glass transition temperature (920-970°C). As temperatures near the cutting tool increase to values above the glass transition temperature, the glassy phase softens, facilitating visco-plastic flow and, correspondingly, the production of semi-continuous or continuous chips. The silicon nitride workpiece machined had a surface roughness of R a =0.39 μm at the nominal LAM operating condition. Examination of the machined surfaces and chips reveals no detectable sub-surface cracking or significant changes in | microstructure, respectively. Relative to grinding, the most significant advantage of LAM is its ability to achieve much larger material removal rates with high workpiece surface quality and reasonable levels of tool wear.
Logistics engineering handbook, edited by G. Don Taylor

Logistics engineering handbook, edited by G. Don Taylor, Taylor and Francis, LLC, USA, 2007, pp. xvii & 593, (hardcover) ISBN 9 7808 4933 0537. This book takes the reader through various topics of ...
Global and Urban Engagement to Promote Social Justice: Reflections of One’s Faith Tradition

The current study compared perceptions on self-report measures of university mission identity and social justice attitudes between general university students (151 women, 63 men; M age = 19.72, SD = 1.91) and campus ministry students (64 women, 24 men; M age = 19.85, SD = 1.71). Results demonstrated that campus ministry students scored significantly higher on each of four social justice and global/urban engagement subscales. Implications suggest that perceptions of university mission-identity are linked to social justice attitudes, yet campus ministry students compared to regular student samples may be linked to a stronger emphasis on social justice through campus activity.
A Simple Method for Marking Fish Otoliths with Alizarin Compounds

Abstract We compared marking success for larval and juvenile fishes immersed in alizarin red S (ARS) to that of fish immersed in alizarin complexone (AC). Postlarval and juvenile central stonerollers Campostoma anomalum and southern redbelly dace Phoxinus erythrogaster and larval white suckers Catostomus commersoni were immersed in ARS or AC at concentrations of 50–400 mg/L for 6–24 h. Both chemicals imparted a violet-red mark, visible in the whole otoliths under a bright-field light source. Immersion in ARS at 200–300 mg/L for 12 or 24 h resulted in optimal marking success (100%) and minimal mortalities (0–3%). Marking success and mortalities were similar for ARS and AC in comparable treatments. Alizarin red S marks were retained for at least 160 d.
Precipitous declines in pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana) abundance in the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, USA, despite statewide fishery closure

Pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana) index stations in the San Juan Archipelago were systematically monitored by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife from 1992 through 200...
Four Keys to Success (Theory, Implementation, Evaluation, and Resource/System Support): High Hopes and Challenges in Participation

In this article, I attempt to merge two themes. First, there is often a large gap between high hopes about impacts of policies or programs and the demonstrated results. I describe four keys/threats to success in any social problem area: theory, implementation, evaluation, and resource/system support. Second, I present theory and research from over 30 years of work on participation, conducted by my colleagues and myself that can illuminate and be illuminated by theory, implementation, evaluation, and resource/system support. I offer ideas for solutions that increase the probability of success. I conclude with the need to have high hopes tempered by theory and research to develop realistically ambitious solutions to social problems.
Cloning and chromosomal localization of the human ileal lipid-binding protein

A human ileal lipid-binding protein (ILBP3) cDNA was isolated and shown to encode a 128 amino acid protein with homology to the fatty acid-binding protein gene family. The human ILBP amino acid sequence exhibited 78% identity to the rat ILBP sequence. Northern blot analysis revealed a single transcript of approx. 0.6 kb in small intestine, but no hybridization to liver, spleen, thymus, prostate, ovary, caecum, or colon. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids revealed that the human ILBP gene resides on chromosome 5 and is not linked to any other known fatty acid-binding protein family member.
Mental addition versus subtraction in counterfactual reasoning: On assessing the impact of personal actions and life events.

Assessing the consequences of actions and events often requires comparing a mental stimulation of the world in which the action is present to one in which the action is absent. We propose that people perceive more impact when asked to assess whether an action would increase the likelihood or degree of a potential outcome (mental addition) than when asked whether it would reduce the probability or extent of a potential consequence (mental subtraction). This judgmental asymmetry occurs because people (a) give more weight to features of the particular mental stimulation (the action or its absence) serving as the subject of comparison and (b) give more weight to factors that produce as opposed to inhibit the relevant outcome. In 4 studies, Ss assessed the impact of personal actions (e.g., studying for an exam). Ss perceived more impact when the assessment was placed in an additive frame (e.g., "how many more questions will you get right if you study?") as opposed to a subtractive one (e.g., "how many fewer will you get right if you do not study?"). This effect was not influenced by the hedonic value of the event or by whether the S had actually experienced it. Discussion centers on the relevance of these results for the undoing of scenarios and causal attribution.
MBE back-illuminated silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for enhanced ultraviolet response

We have demonstrated a wafer-scale back-illumination process for silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays using Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) for backside passivation. Critical to this fabrication process is support of the thin (< 10 μm) detector during the MBE growth by oxide-bonding to a full-thickness silicon wafer. This back-illumination process makes it possible to build low-dark-count-rate single-photon detectors with high quantum efficiency extending to deep ultraviolet wavelengths. This paper reviews our process for fabricating MBE back-illuminated silicon Geigermode avalanche photodiode arrays and presents characterization of initial test devices.