cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of the β‐adrenergic blocker sotalol in dogs

The time course of absorption, distribution, and excretion of the β-blocker sotalol was studied in three unanesthetized dogs at three dosage levels of 1, 2, and 4 mg./kg. i.v. and 2, 4, and 8 mg./kg. p.o. The drug was assayed in body fluids and excreta by a spectrophotofluorometric method and by counting of tritiated drug. Unchanged sotalol is excreted up to 90% (±12%) in the urine. There was no protein binding, and the partition coefficient between plasma and red blood cells was unity. The data obtained in the studies were fitted graphically and by analog computer techniques and demonstrated no dose dependence. The graphical fit of the plasma levels following intravenous administration in accordance with a two-compartment open body model revealed a rapid distribution phase with a t1/2 of 3.2 ± 1.1 min., which was followed by a disposition phase with a t1/2 of 4.8 ± 1.03 hr. The analog computer fittings of the plasma and urine data according to the two-compartment model gave constants similar to those obtained from the graphical fits. The addition of a third tissue compartment that was in slow equilibrium with the central compartment proved necessary for a better fit of the data obtained at the high dosage level and in the 3H-sotalol assays. The 75-90% absorption of sotalol in solution following oral administration was rapid (t1/2 = 11–17 min.).
How many suffice? A computational framework for sizing sentinel surveillance networks.

Data from surveillance networks help epidemiologists and public health officials detect emerging diseases, conduct outbreak investigations, manage epidemics, and better understand the mechanics of a particular disease. Surveillance networks are used to determine outbreak intensity (i.e., disease burden) and outbreak timing (i.e., the start, peak, and end of the epidemic), as well as outbreak location. Networks can be tuned to preferentially perform these tasks. Given that resources are limited, careful site selection can save costs while minimizing performance loss. We study three different site placement algorithms: two algorithms based on the maximal coverage model and one based on the K-median model. The maximal coverage model chooses sites that maximize the total number of people within a specified distance of a site. The K-median model minimizes the sum of the distances from each individual to the individual’s nearest site. Using a ground truth dataset consisting of two million de-identified Medicaid billing records representing eight complete influenza seasons and an evaluation function based on the Huff spatial interaction model, we empirically compare networks against the existing Iowa Department of Public Health influenza-like illness network by simulating the spread of influenza across the state of Iowa. We show that it is possible to design a network that achieves outbreak intensity performance identical to the status quo network using two fewer sites. We also show that if outbreak timing detection is of primary interest, it is actually possible to create a network that matches the existing network’s performance using 59% fewer sites. By simulating the spread of influenza across the state of Iowa, we show that our methods are capable of designing networks that perform better than the status quo in terms of both outbreak intensity and timing. Additionally, our results suggest that network size may only play a minimal role in outbreak timing detection. Finally, we show that it may be possible to reduce the size of a surveillance system without affecting the quality of surveillance information produced.
To err on humans is not benign. Incentives for adoption of medical error-reporting systems.

Concerns about frequent and harmful medical errors have led policy makers to advocate the creation of a system for medical error reporting. Health providers, fearing that reported information about errors would be used against them under the current medical malpractice system, have been reluctant to participate in such reporting systems. We propose a re-design of the malpractice system – one in which penalties are a function of the health provider’s reporting efforts – to overcome this incentive problem. We also consider some alternatives to this mechanism that address two important ways in which reporting effort may not be observable: hospitals may have interests distinct from individual physicians and may not be able to observe their reporting efforts, and a regulatory agency or a court may not be able to adequately observe reporting efforts by a provider.
Identified high pT particle correlation studies in central Au + Au collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV

We present correlations between strange baryons and mesons with charged hadrons in AuAu and pp collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV for different pT ranges and centralities. We observe that for central AuAu collisions, the large width of the back side correlations indicates a collapse of the jet structure. This is consistent with previous measurement of suppression of the back side correlation for unidentified charged hadrons. However, in the medium pT range the same side correlations show large AA/pp ratios and wek centrality dependencies which indicate different medium modification of the soft jet components. For different leading particle species we have found no significant difference for both same side and back side correlations. These results are comparable to PHENIX's measurements in similar pT range
Fatalities of Hispanic Workers: Safety Initiatives Taken by U.S. Construction Companies to Address Linguistic and Cultural Issues

The U.S. Census Bureau's projection states that Hispanics form the largest minority group in the U.S. construction industry. A major challenge faced by American construction companies is the continually increasing number of fatalities among its Hispanic workers. According to the literature, illiteracy, the language barrier, and cultural differences are major causes of Hispanic worker fatalities. This study focuses on two out of these three aspects, i.e., language barriers and cultural differences. The study was undertaken to explore the reasons behind the lack of safety awareness of Hispanic workers, and to investigate the measures that construction companies take to deal with this problem. The literature review identified the main issues that need to be addressed by construction companies to ensure the safety of Hispanic workers. A survey was created, asking supervisors/directors of the top U.S. construction companies about their safety initiatives. As a result, it was found that construction companies a...
Abstract 1776: Lymphomas associated with aberrant DNA rearrangements are suppressed by Mre11 mutation.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Many translocations associated with spontaneous human lymphoid malignancies are mediated by short regions of sequence homology (microhomology) at the breakpoints. The hallmark features of this error prone pathway are deletions of flanking sequence and short homologies of 1-25 bases at the junctions that serve to align the DNA ends prior to joining. In addition to its importance in the etiology of human cancers, microhomology-mediated joining or alternative NHEJ (aNHEJ) also appears to play a significant role in therapy-induced oncogenic translocations. Studies have provided compelling evidence that the DNA end-binding complex composed of Mre11 (nuclease), Rad50 (tetherer) and Nbs1 (signaler)–MRN–functions in the context of the aNHEJ pathway. In addition, in vivo and cell based studies have identified that deficiencies in components of the MRN complex reduce aNHEJ activity. However, it is not known whether the MRN complex participates in the generation of aNHEJ catalyzed translocations that can predispose to cancer. Therefore, our studies seek to better understand the contribution of Mre11/MRN to the aNHEJ pathway and thus, in generation of translocations. We have obtained mice harboring an Mre11 conditionally targeted null allele as well as an Mre11 knock-in mutation that abrogates nuclease activity. We have included mutant mice in this study that succumb to early onset Pro-B lymphomas associated with clonal translocations containing microhomologies of 2-8 nucleotides. Thus, the spontaneously arising tumors in this mutant background represent a valuable in vivo system to assess the involvement of Mre11/MRN in aNHEJ mediated translocations. We have determined that Mre11/MRN inactivation in the B-cell lineage suppresses Pro-B lymphoma in this mutant background. In future experiments we are investigating the impact of Mre11/MRN inactivation on various cancer phenotypes. Together, these studies will provide insights into the mechanisms underlying human lymphoma and may ultimately provide insights into targets for improved treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Citation Format: Cheryl J. Smith, Jeffrey Xie, David O. Ferguson, JoAnn M. Sekiguchi. Lymphomas associated with aberrant DNA rearrangements are suppressed by Mre11 mutation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1776. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1776
Periodontopathic Bacteria and Their Potential Involvement in Atherosclerosis

Based initially on epidemiological studies, an association between periodontitis and atherosclerosis has been suggested. In addition, several recent murine model studies have indicated that one periodontopathic bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, can exacerbate heart lesion formation. This organism, as well as other suspected periodontopathogens, can also be demonstrated in human atheromas. Therefore, though not unequivocal, the present data from a variety of approaches are consistent with a role for periodontitis in cardiovascular disease. This review will discuss potential mechanisms which could explain a role for periodontitis in atherosclerosis. Both general inflammatory mechanisms as well as specific bacterial interactions with cardiac tissue, primarily mediated by Porphyromonas gingivalis, will be described. In addition, the complex nature of atherosclerosis suggests that it will be difficult to precisely define the relationship between these two diseases.
The persistence of conflict avoidance among the King Island Inupiat

Durant les etes 2005 et 2006, un groupe d’Ugiuvangmiut (Inupiat de l’ile King) et de chercheurs occidentaux participerent a un projet de recherche intitule «Documenter la geographie culturelle, la biogeographie et les savoirs ecologiques traditionnels de l’ile King, Alaska». L’objectif consistait a ramener des Ugiuvangmiut sur l’ile King pour recueillir des toponymes et identifier leur location, ainsi que documenter les sites archeologiques et ceux lies aux activites de subsistance. Au cours du travail de terrain, des conflits eclaterent entre les chercheurs, entre les membres de la communaute, ainsi qu’entre les chercheurs et les membres et de la communaute. En tant que directrice du projet, je choisis de faire face a ces conflits en 2005, mais mes actions ne firent qu’exacerber des tensions presentes depuis longtemps dans la communaute, et deux aines me dirent par la suite que je n’aurais pas du prendre part au conflit. Quand un conflit se reproduisit en 2006, plutot que de l’affronter, je choisis de me retirer du projet pour quelques jours, ce qui eut pour resultat d’apaiser les tensions dans la communaute. Sur la base de ces experiences et d’autres, je conclus que l’evitement du conflit perdure chez les Ugiuvangmiut. De surcroit, j’ecris «contre culture» (pour reprendre l’expression d’Abu-Lughod) pour expliquer de quelle maniere mon heritage ethnique metis et l’heritage ethnique de deux membres de la communaute produisirent des reactions contraires a l’evitement du conflit, montrant ainsi qu’entrent en jeu des valeurs culturelles «multiples, polysemiques et antagonistes». Je termine l’article avec des suggestions pour les chercheurs faisant de la recherche dans le Nord.
Controlling the morphology of side chain liquid crystalline block copolymer thin films through variations in liquid crystalline content

In this paper, we describe methods for manipulating the morphology of side-chain liquid crystalline block copolymers through variations in the liquid crystalline content. By systematically controlling the covalent attachment of side chain liquid crystals to a block copolymer (BCP) backbone, the morphology of both the liquid crystalline (LC) mesophase and the phase-segregated BCP microstructures can be precisely manipulated. Increases in LC functionalization lead to stronger preferences for the anchoring of the LC mesophase relative to the substrate and the intermaterial dividing surface. By manipulating the strength of these interactions, the arrangement and ordering of the ultrathin film block copolymer nanostructures can be controlled, yielding a range of morphologies that includes perpendicular and parallel cylinders, as well as both perpendicular and parallel lamellae. Additionally, we demonstrate the utilization of selective etching to create a nanoporous liquid crystalline polymer thin film. The unique control over the orientation and order of the self-assembled morphologies with respect to the substrate will allow for the custom design of thin films for specific nanopatterning applications without manipulation of the surface chemistry or the application of external fields.
Asymmetric polymers. XXV. Synthesis of some optically active c-substituted hexahydro-2H-azepin-2-ones†

A series of optically active hexahydro-2H-azepin-2-ones substituted at the 5 position were prepared from (S)( − ) and (R)(+)-hexahydro-5-carboxy-2H-azepin-2-one obtained via resolution of the racemic acid with brucine. Racemic hexahydro-5-carboxy-2H-azepin-2-one was synthesized from 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Interest in many substituted hexahydro-2H-azepin-2-ones (ϵ-caprolactams, 2-oxohexamethyleneimines) stems in part from their ability to form polymers of the nylon 6 type whose properties may be systematically modified through regulation of the nature and position of the lactam substituent. Further structural control is possible through the use of optically pure monomers. An asymmetric seven-membered lactam with a polar substituent might lead to a stereoregular polyamide where interaction between the side chain and the polymer backbone could influence the conformational properties of the polymer. A side chain such as the hydroxymethyl moiety would be expected to favor hydrogen bonding. This question is discussed in more detail in the paper which follows on the optical properties of the polymer.
Efficient proposed solutions for current transformers saturation effects on overcurrent relays operations in distribution systems

Improper selections of current transformers will result in CT's saturation during fault conditions which can affect protection relays operations. With the absence of clear and practical guidelines for CT's selections, designers are facing great difficulties to ensure proper operations of digital relays. The impact of CT saturation is different for different protection devices and schemes. This paper investigates the influence of CT saturation on time-delayed overcurreent digital relays, in distribution systems, where loads are relatively smalls and connected to switchgears with high short circuit levels. A research was performed, by testing and simulations using EMTP, to verify the operations instantaneous and time-delayed overcurrent digital relays to ensure coordination with other devices and safe isolations of faults. It is shown that instantaneous digital relays will perform properly with relatively small CTs. Also, it is shown that, time-delayed overcurrent relays will be significantly impacted by CT's saturation and special care shall be taken to achieve coordination with other devices. The research will also utilize a well-proven and tested EMTP model of the CT's to effectively estimate the required time delay of the overcurrent relay to achieve relay coordination. A criterion for selecting CTs for instantaneous and time-delayed digital overcurrent relays operations to achieve adequate relay operations is presented.
Coal: Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data☆

Abstract Thermogravimetry, TG, is widely used to investigate rate processes. This method involves the continuous measurement of the change in mass or rate of mass loss, DTG, of a sample with temperature (or time). Such data has been used to determine kinetic parameters, such as activation energy and order of reaction. A number of methods have been developed in the literature to permit kinetic analysis of TG data. The kinetic parameters for the decomposition of coal are frequently calculated from one TG curve obtained at a constant heating rate. Since kinetic parameters are influenced by the heating rate, methods involving one thermogram have been criticized on the basis that they may give incorrect values for the activation energy and reaction order, and that only methods involving multiple heating rates will give reliable results. In this work, comparison is made of four methods for analyzing TG data of a sub-bituminous coal.
The Fission Yeast Rad32(Mre11)-Rad50-Nbs1 Complex Acts Both Upstream and Downstream of Checkpoint Signaling in the S-Phase DNA Damage Checkpoint

The Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 (MRN) heterotrimer plays various and complex roles in DNA damage repair and checkpoint signaling. Its role in activating Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), the central checkpoint kinase in the metazoan double-strand break response, has been well studied. However, its function in the checkpoint independent of ATM activation, as well as functions that are completely checkpoint independent, are less well understood. In fission yeast, DNA damage checkpoint signaling requires Rad3, the homolog of the ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) kinase, not Tel1, the ATM homolog, allowing us to dissect MRN's ATM-independent S-phase DNA damage checkpoint roles from its role in ATM activation. We find that MRN is involved in Rad3 (ATR)-dependent checkpoint signaling in S phase, but not G2, suggesting that MRN is involved in ATR activation through its role in replication fork metabolism. In addition, we define a role for MRN in the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint-dependent slowing of replication that is independent of its role in checkpoint signaling. Genetic interactions between MRN and Rhp51, the fission yeast Rad51 homolog, lead us to suggest that MRN participates in checkpoint-dependent replication slowing through negative regulation of recombination.
Fibrin Glue in Cardiothoracic Surgery

FOR YEARS, surgeons have been searching for the perfect "glue" to help decrease bleeding, seal anastomoses, and bond tissue. Initial results with a plastic glue, cyanoacrylate, were encouraging, but clinical use was generally abandoned because the glue caused intense inflammatory reactions. I-S The first biological glue was developed by Matras,9 who built on experience with concentrated fibrinogen preparations and incorporated technical improvements for isolating and concentrating clotting factors. This fibrin glue generated considerable clinical experimentation in a variety of applications, which in tum resulted in hundreds of published articles from around the world. Most of the world has access to commercialIy available standardized products. In the United States altemative methods for fibrin glue preparation were developed IS because the commercially available fibrin glue (Tisseel, Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria; and Beripiast, Behringwerke AG, Marburg, Lahn, Germany) are derived from pooled human fibrinogen, which was banned by the Food and Drug Administration in 1978. 19.20 Therefore, a variety of different types of fibrin glue were prepared using components available through the blood bank (eg, cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma) or special techniques for glue preparation with the assistance of blood banks (eg, autologous glue, single-donor plasma). Fibrin glue has become a generic term for several diverse products, including fibrin seal, biological glue, fibrin gel, and fibrin adhesive. This article reviews the properties of fibrin glue, the sources of glue components, and the clinical applications of the glue in cardiothoracic surgery.
An adaptive two-stage algorithm for ML and sub-ML decoding of binary linear block codes

Two distinct codeword-searching procedures based on iterative bounded-distance decoding (BDD) are combined to form an adaptive two-stage maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder for binary linear block codes. During the first stage of the algorithm, a tight upper bound on an error likelihood metric ("discrepancy") is established iteratively for the ML codeword. First-stage processing requires sorting and storage. Adaptive switching to the second stage removes the sorting and storage requirements and allows to rule out redundant BDDs efficiently. Second-stage processing accounts for all codewords with discrepancy lower bound below the upper bound of the ML codeword and guarantees ML performance. In addition, the proposed two-stage algorithm is inherently tunable for controlled suboptimum operation. Under sub-ML operation, the overall scheme can be interpreted as a generalization of the Chase (1972) algorithm. Simulation studies for the (24,12,8) extended Golay and the (64,30,14) and (128,64,22) extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes illustrate and support these theoretical developments.
Angle-resolved photoemission studies of a surface state for Ag overlayers on Cu(111)

Abstract We have performed an angle-resolved photoemission study of a surface state on Cu(111) covered by various thicknesses of Ag. The growth mode of Ag on Cu(111) was determined to be layer-by-layer despite the large mismatch between the two lattices. The Cu(111) surface state was observed to evolve monotonically for increasing Ag overlayer thickness to eventually become the Ag(111) surface state. The measured rate of shift of the surface state binding energy can be explained qualitatively in terms of the degree of localization of the surface-state wave functions.
What Is the Return on Investment for Implementation of a Crew Resource Management Program at an Academic Medical Center

Crew Resource Management (CRM) training has been used successfully within hospital units to improve quality and safety. This article presents a description of a health system-wide implementation of CRM focusing on the return on investment (ROI). The costs included training, programmatic fixed costs, time away from work, and leadership time. Cost savings were calculated based on the reduction in avoidable adverse events and cost estimates from the literature. Between July 2010 and July 2013, roughly 3000 health system employees across 12 areas were trained, costing $3.6 million. The total number of adverse events avoided was 735-a 25.7% reduction in observed relative to expected events. Savings ranged from a conservative estimate of $12.6 million to as much as $28.0 million. Therefore, the overall ROI for CRM training was in the range of $9.1 to $24.4 million. CRM presents a financially viable way to systematically organize for quality improvement.
Abstracts from international Emergency Medicine journals

Editor's note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors.
An intensive medical education elective for senior medical students.

Peer teaching by medical students is increasingly considered an effective and efficient instructional modality with value for both teachers and learners. In 2012, twelve senior medical students participated in an inaugural, four-week Medical Education Elective at The Alpert Medical School of Brown University. The first week em phasized education theory and skills. During the remaining three weeks, participants served as a core group of instructors in a Clinical Skills Clerkship (CSC), a threeweek required course transitioning rising third-year students to clinical clerkships. Senior near-peer instructors (NPIs) gained substantive experience in developing curriculum, facilitating small group sessions, teaching clinical skills, mentoring, providing feedback, and grading an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Based on direct observation by faculty and written anonymous evaluations by learners (n=98), NPIs demonstrated a high degree of teaching competence. This innovative, by-invitation-only, annual elective is the most substantive medical education experience for medical students described in the literature.
DLB: Dynamic lane borrowing for improving bandwidth and performance in Hybrid Memory Cube

The Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) is an innovative DRAM architecture that adopts 3D-stacking to improve bandwidth and save energy. An HMC module adopts separate receive and transmit lanes and thus may achieve the maximal memory bandwidth only if data can be driven at full speed in both directions. However, due to the natural read and write imbalance in modern applications, the effective memory bandwidth utilization is often low, leading to suboptimal system performance. In this paper, we propose DLB (dynamic lane borrowing) that dynamically tracks link utilization and partitions the lanes in one link between receive and transmit directions. DLB allocates more lanes to transmit if servicing read-intensive applications. With more lanes allocated to either direction, DLB reduces the lane contention along that direction and thus the average memory access latency. Our experimental results show that DLB improves the bandwidth utilization by 10.4% on average, reduces the average utilization gap in two directions from 35.6% to 12.8%, and saves execution time by as much as 22.3%.
Die Ersten Deutschen in New-Jersey und Maryland

Eine Uberlieferung berichtet, das die nordlichen Kreise New-Jerseys, namlich die Gegend zwischen dem Raritan und dem Passaic, ihre ersten deutschen Ansiedlungen einem Zufall verdanken, und zwar so: Im Jahre 1707 schifften sich eine Anzahl Deutsche reformierten Bekenntnisses, die zwischen Wolfenbuttel und Halberstadt gewohnt hatten, nach New-York ein, wurden aber durch widrige Winde nach der Delaware-Bucht verschlagen. Um ihrer Bestimmung gemas zu den Hollandern in der Kolonie New-York zu gelangen, reisten sie von Philadelphia uber Land durch New-Jersey. Als sie das schone Tal des Musconetcong1 und die Passaic-Gegend betraten, gefiel ihnen das schone Land so gut, das sie beschlossen, nicht weiter zu gehen. Sie liesen sich in der Gegend des nach ihnen benannten German Valley (Kreis Morris) nieder und breiteten sich von hier weiter nach den Kreisen Somerset, Bergen und Essex aus.
Impossible or Improbable: The Difficulty of Imagining Morally Deviant Worlds

Prior research has investigated children’s ability to distinguish between possible and impossible events in our own world, but relatively little empirical research has investigated adults’ intuitio...
COLOR BIAS IN A SAMPLE OF YOUNG GERMAN CHILDREN

Data for 56 German children (66.02 mo. old) were similar to those of French, Italian, and Euro-American children in the standardization on the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II and the Color Mea...
LAPAROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF THE ADNEXAL MASS

Careful preoperative evaluation of women found to have an adnexal mass may select patients for whom operative laparoscopy is appropriate. The role of ultrasonography and serum tumor markers in patient selection is discussed. Operative techniques for the laparoscopic management of the adnexal mass are also presented.
Legacy effects of short-term intentional weight loss on total body and thigh composition in overweight and obese older adults

Legacy effects of short-term intentional weight loss on total body and thigh composition in overweight and obese older adults
Optimal Design of Water Flooding Pipeline Diameter Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

An optimization model of water flooding pipeline diameter is established in which the least cost is taken as objective function the restrictions to the pressure and flow rate are taken as constraint conditions. Through the outer penalty function method the problem is transformed to non-constraint optimization problem. Aiming at the limitation of genetic algorithm the integer code is adopted the fitness function is adjusted the cross and mutation method are improved the optimized reserved strategy is used and simulated annealing algorithm is combined with then the hybrid genetic algorithm is formed. It can improve the speed of convergence and avoid premature convergence. Results show that the algorithm is efficient and practical.
Groin Injuries (Athletic Pubalgia) and Return to Play.

Context:Groin pain is a common entity in athletes involved in sports that require acute cutting, pivoting, or kicking such as soccer and ice hockey. Athletic pubalgia is increasingly recognized as ...
Evidence for Regulation of ECM3 Expression by Methylation of Histone H3 Lysine 4 and Intergenic Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Transcription of nonprotein-coding DNA is widespread in eukaryotes and plays important regulatory roles for many genes, including genes that are misregulated in cancer cells. Its pervasiveness presents the potential for a wealth of diverse regulatory roles for noncoding transcription. We previously showed that the act of transcribing noncoding DNA (ncDNA) across the promoter of the protein-coding SER3 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae positions nucleosomes over the upstream activating sequences, leading to strong repression of SER3 transcription. To explore the possibility of other regulatory roles for ncDNA transcription, we selected six candidate S. cerevisiae genes that express ncRNAs over their promoters and analyzed the regulation of one of these genes, ECM3, in detail. Because noncoding transcription can lead to changes in the local chromatin landscape that impinge on the expression of nearby coding genes, we surveyed the effects of various chromatin regulators on the expression of ECM3. These analyses identified roles for the Paf1 complex in positively regulating ECM3 transcription through methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (K4) and for Paf1 in controlling the pattern of intergenic transcription at this locus. By deleting a putative promoter for the noncoding transcription unit that lies upstream of ECM3, we provide evidence for a positive correlation between intergenic transcription and ECM3 expression. Our results are consistent with a model in which cotranscriptional methylation of histone H3 K4, mediated by the Paf1 complex and noncoding transcription, leads to activation of ECM3 transcription.
Cardiac Catheter Laboratory Based Computer Generated Bivalirudin/Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Flow Sheet:

Bivalirudin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists are commonly used during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The Pharmacy Department of Charlton Memorial Hospital implemented a dosing flow sheet that is operated by the Cardiac Catheter Lab nursing staff. The computer-oriented program utilizes the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program. The computer spreadsheet calculates an estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) rate and inserts proper renal adjusted dosages of both bivalirudin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists into a printed flow sheet. The computer program is encoded to follow specific medication regimens for patients whether or not they are on dialysis. Institutions can develop medication dosing flow-sheet forms utilizing the spreadsheet concept.
Structure-Activity Relationships and Kinetic Studies of Peptidic Antagonists of CBX Chromodomains.

To better understand the contribution of methyl-lysine (Kme) binding proteins to various disease states, we recently developed and reported the discovery of 1 (UNC3866), a chemical probe that targets two families of Kme binding proteins, CBX and CDY chromodomains, with selectivity for CBX4 and -7. The discovery of 1 was enabled in part by the use of molecular dynamics simulations performed with CBX7 and its endogenous substrate. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship studies that led to the development of 1 and provide support for our model of CBX7–ligand recognition by examining the binding kinetics of our antagonists with CBX7 as determined by surface-plasmon resonance.
The GENI Vision: Origins, Early History, Possible Futures

This paper presents the vision of GENI as first formulated at the National Science Foundation (NSF) in early 2004 and expanded during 2004–2007, identifies what forces shaped the basic idea during its formation, and comments on where it may go in the future. The paper describes motivations, concepts, and history—not technical details—that were in play between 2004 and 2007 as the GENI Project was being formulated and launched, and that continue today. Understanding the original vision and goals, basic ideas, and motivations of the GENI Project; the context in which it emerged; and the forces that shaped the Project will enable you to understand better the technical details and changes that occur in the future. I end with some comments about possible futures for GENI.
Adaptation in the Tisza: innovation and tribulation at the sub-basin level

This article explores the elements limiting adaptive governance in the Tisza sub-basin, considers policy options available to the sub-basin, and concludes that more attention must be paid to frameworks governing adaptation in transboundary sub-basins where resources are limited.The Tisza is the largest sub-basin in the Danube River basin, and faces increasing water management pressures exacerbated by climate change. The Tisza countries have experienced challenges with managing climate change adaptation in a nested, consistent and effective manner pursuant to the EU Water Framework Directive. This is due to inefficiencies in climate change adaptation, such as weakened vertical coordination.
Regularized Estimation of Linear Functionals of Precision Matrices for High-Dimensional Time Series

This paper studies a Dantzig-selector type regularized estimator for linear functionals of high-dimensional linear processes. Explicit rates of convergence of the proposed estimator are obtained and they cover the broad regime from independent identically distributed samples to long-range dependent time series and from sub-Gaussian innovations to those with mild polynomial moments. It is shown that the convergence rates depend on the degree of temporal dependence and the moment conditions of the underlying linear processes. The Dantzig-selector estimator is applied to the sparse Markowitz portfolio allocation and the optimal linear prediction for time series, in which the ratio consistency when compared with an oracle estimator is established. The effect of dependence and innovation moment conditions is further illustrated in the simulation study. Finally, the regularized estimator is applied to classify the cognitive states on a real functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset and to portfolio optimization on a financial dataset.
Transitory selection markers facilitate DNA mutagenesis with recombineering

Site-directed mutagenesis with DNA oligos is a powerful tool to generate subtle alterations in DNA. Taking advantage of strand replacement during lambda- red recombineering, mutations on DNA (donor) can be introduced into another DNA construct (acceptor) via targeting. We describe a novel approach that takes advantage of the specificity of homologous recombination and the convenience of positive selection to insert mutations into existing DNA constructs. With simple procedures, we generated a “transitory” selection marker that is used to carry modifications into acceptor DNA and then removed by enzyme manipulation, leaving only the desired mutation without any scar. Overall, this method of targeting mutagenesis via recombineering provides a precision manipulation of DNA and avoids the extensive PCR reaction. Not only can this method be used to make point mutations, truncations or Epitope-tags, but it can also be used to import existing mutations, generate in-frame fusion, or repair missing components.
High risk, high reward: Daily perceptions of social challenge and performance in social anxiety disorder.

Abstract Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) have difficulty engaging in social situations because their actions are predicated on minimizing the subjectively biased high potential for rejection. That is, individuals with SAD frequently perceive social situations as challenging, and their performance as subpar. Yet when individuals perceive themselves as succeeding in challenging situations, they typically report these situations as enjoyable and rewarding. This subjective experience of succeeding in a challenging situation has been studied as flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975; 2000). Thirty-three adults with SAD and 34 matched healthy controls completed a baseline assessment, along with daily and experience sampling entries for 14 days. Results were analyzed using three-level generalized linear mixed effects models, with observations nested within days, nested within participants. Although individuals with and without SAD experienced the same frequency of flow in daily life, social situations led to proportionally more flow in participants with SAD than healthy controls. Both results were unexpected, and reasons for them are explored at length. Several experiential variables (positive emotions during and importance ascribed to the event) predicted the probability of flow during each situation. These results offer intervention-relevant suggestions for how individuals may benefit from seeking out challenging situations that offer maximal rewards.
Paramutation and related phenomena in diverse species

Paramutation describes a process that results in heritable epigenetic changes of gene regulation and trans-homologue interactions. Recent discoveries in model organisms have highlighted roles for the respective nuclear systems that regulate transposons via small RNA molecules both for paramutation and for defining transgenerational inheritance. Differences between plants and animals may influence specific transmission behaviours but the involvement of small RNA-based mechanisms identifies a unifying eukaryotic theme. These mechanisms that specify heritable epigenetic information represent genetic systems adjunct to DNA sequences that contribute to phenotypic diversity.
Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: What Is in a Name?

The terminology for what has become the most common form of heart failure ([1][1]) has evolved in the medical literature. Two decades ago, Kitzman et al. ([2][2]) studied a small group of patients with heart failure and normal left ventricular ejection fraction and demonstrated that exercise-induced
Intestinal Worms: Parasite Mysteries in Wintry Climes

In the summer of 1996, I happened to be visiting Washington DC. As I love visiting museums and art galleries, whenever I had time on my hands in Washington I would head to the National Mall and wander into the Smithsonian complex of museums which are of tremendous value, especially since they are free! My favorite is the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art, designed by I.M. Pei, with its sharp angles and dramatic geometric facades externally, and the bright glass and steel atrium within, looking out onto a cascade of water rippling over stone baffles on an inclined wall, like a waterfall. I often enjoyed the building itself as much as the exhibits within.
Living Upside Down: Inverting Consumerism’s Notion of Freedom:

Pope Francis’s efforts to reduce the worst effects of global climate change can be enhanced by recourse to some of Augustine’s insights into excessive self-love; by criticizing consumerism’s ideal ...
Is Perception Cognitively Mediated

Recent theories of perception tend to divide into two rather broad theoretical orientations. The constructivist approach holds that perceptual processes are the result of mediating operations which construct the perceptual representation from sensory data, and that such operations are cognitive and inferential in nature. A second approach, the Gibsonian theory, holds that such constructive operations are not necessary in order to account for perceptual processes. A common assumption of both approaches is that if constructive operations are needed, then these must be cognitive operations which are similar to those which characterize thinking, reasoning, inference, and problem-solving.
Wassily Hoeffding’s Work in the Sixties

The nineteen sixties were a very significant period for Wassily Hoeffding’s research. Never a prolific writer but rather a careful polisher, he published eight papers during this decade. More importantly, he developed a number of significant new ideas. Here we shall discuss four papers, three of which were published in 1963, 1964 and 1967. These three are landmark papers dealing with probability inequalities, optimal tests for the multinomial distribution and large deviations. The fourth paper was never published and only appeared as a technical report in 1961. It introduced what is now called Hoeffding’s decomposition, which may well make this unpublished paper one of his major contributions.
Pharmaceutical Intervention in Metabolic and Cardiovascular risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy of women in reproductive age, its prevalence internationally ranges between 6 and 8%. This syndrome is characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and frequently, insulin resistance (IR).
Effect of Electrical and Chemical Stimulation on Protein Synthesis in Brain Slices

It is only natural that with our long-standing interest in protein synthesis(1) the recent lively discussion of the role of protein turnover in nerve function made it attractive to have another look at protein synthesis in the brain. Many years ago I worked for a while with pigeon brain slices in order to study the metabolic function of thiamine.(2) These experiments left me with the impression that, metabolically speaking, the brain slice gives a good reflection of in vivo events. It gave me special confidence that after cutting and exposure to low temperature the slices seemed slightly shocked because, during the first hour, an aerobic glycolysis appeared which, however, disappeared again on further incubation. In other words, the slice normalized during incubation at 37°; it could be used for up to 3 hr without showing any signs of decay.
Computer-Aided Conformational Analysis Based on NOESY Signal Intensities

The basis for the development of a suite of programs that allow the user to determine motional features (the correlation time and the significance of segmental motion) and the optimum conditions for future experiments from a NOESY signal matrix is presented. This automated evaluation of NOESY data serves as the initial step of an iterative conformational analysis which uses the molecular model manipulation capabilities of modern graphics workstations. Incorporated in these programs is NOESYSIM, a calculation subroutine which uses a set of molecular coordinates (and a correlation time estimate) together with user entered experimental parameters (acquisition time, sweep width, mixing time and cycle repetition time) to generate an accurately calculated NOESY signal matrix reflecting those conditions and the specified conformational model. Conformational refinement then consists of iterative comparisons of the experimental signal matrix with a series (or systematically sampled set) of model coordinates corresponding to a dynamics’ course, driven-minimization or torsional grid search. These procedures and developments are illustrated with examples including: solution conformations of prostanoids; studies of the folding preferences and media-dependent changes in conformation for peptide hormones; and the structure elucidation of a novel undecapeptide macrolide antibiotic (lysobactin). For larger molecules, even constrained grid searches have too high a dimensionality and one must resort to distance-constraint based minimizations. A novel procedure for deriving more accurate distance constraints (corrected for secondary NOEs) is detailed and a new strategy for conformation elucidation, based on this procedure, is outlined.
Enhancing Wind Turbine's Performance Using Fuzzy Pitch and Torque Controllers

The main objective of the wind turbine is to capture the maximum power from wind. It is possible to increase the efficiency of the system and alleviate the aerodynamic loads on wind turbine by using intelligent controllers. However, the control system plays an important role in increasing the turbine’ efficiency and lowering the power generation’ costs. This paper introduces an advanced control system based on fuzzy logic for a wind turbine with double-fed induction generator. The control system structure includes two fuzzy controllers to adjust rotor speed and maintain power at a desired level regardless of wind velocity variations. The fuzzy controller is capable of compensating the pitch angle's nonlinear characteristics. Simulation results show that the fuzzy controller can maintain the wind turbine in existence of noises and different wind speeds while maintaining safe operating conditions and better performances.
Ultra-High Endurance and Low I OFF Selector based on AsSeGe Chalcogenides for Wide Memory Window 3D Stackable Crosspoint Memory

New selector materials with very-low I OFF and optimum V th . based on As-Se-Ge chalcogenides are studied. An optimized composition is proposed, which achieves a good trade-off between thermal stability and cycling endurance and it is successfully integrated with PCM in a 3D stackable pillar structure. SET/RESET operation are demonstrated with ∼2V memory window. Selector is able to deliver 1mA ON current (7.9 MA/cm2) and fast speed (10 ns). More than 1E12 read cycling endurance is achieved in 1S1R $(\text{OTS}+\text{PCM})$ device due to the excellent endurance of the selector.
Imaging ahead of a tunnel boring machine with DC resistivity: A laboratory and numerical study

Abstract Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) are used for tunneling and underground construction, by excavating material and subsequently installing a segmental concrete tunnel liner for support. However, unknown ground conditions pose a significant risk to tunneling operations and any damage to the machine can be disastrous to a project. There is a need for tools which look ahead of the TBM for potential hazards during tunneling, such as water saturated zones, faults, boulders and metal pipes. Geophysical methods offer the capability to image unexcavated material in order to avoid such hazards and thus improve tunneling operations. In particular, the DC resistivity method is useful because it is sensitive to a large range of conductivity variations in geological and man-made materials. The research presented in our paper consists of three parts: (1) a laboratory study of a DC resistivity system mounted on a scale model TBM within a simulated tunneling environment, (2) a series of forward models studying different DC resistivity survey designs, and (3) the inversion and imaging of synthetic DC resistivity data under different constraints. We introduce several new survey designs that attach electrodes on a probe (or probes), which are then pushed into the earth in front of the machine each time excavation stops. Our laboratory data and forward modeling results show that using probes reduces interference caused by the metallic TBM body, and increases the distance ahead of the machine at which a target may be detected. The TBM influence on the data is significantly reduced once the probe is pushed 25% of the TBM diameter ahead of the machine and negligible once the probes are pushed 50% ahead of the machine. Depending on the specific survey design, targets can be detected from up to 70% of the TBM diameter away. Finally, we invert synthetic data to produce ahead-of-tunneling images using different amounts of prior information (e.g. TBM geometry and host resistivity) and also study time-lapse inversion. Numerical results show the target can be imaged with these methods from distances up to 45% TBM diameter.