cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hidden Hand and the License Raj: An Evaluation of the Relationship between Age and the Growth of Firms in India

This study considers the impact of macro-institutional environments, and alterations in such environments, on organizational level behavior and performance. Specifically, it examines the relationship between firm age and growth for a large sample of Indian firms. Firms are classified as falling into three specific categories: those incorporated, or born, prior to 1956; those incorporated between 1956 and 1980; and those incorporated after 1980. Each of these selected periods define and denote specific policy regimes affecting Indian industry. No significant relationship is established between the age variable and growth for firms incorporated prior to 1956, while a negative relationship is established between the age variable and growth for firms incorporated between 1956 and 1980. These were the years when the command and control industrial policy regime, popularly known as the "license raj," was in operation. Conversely, for firms incorporated after 1980 when market forces began to be encouraged, and the "hidden hand" started becoming visible in India, the age and growth relationship is positive. The evidence suggests that entrepreneurial behavior is an important feature of contemporary Indian industry. Recent anecdotes about Indian firms, particularly in the information technology sector, suggest that there has been a resurgence of industrial activity in the country. These beliefs are borne out by the analysis. The "hidden hand" is alive and well in India! Additionally, the relationship between size and the growth of Indian firms is negative. This suggests that a process of industrial fragmentation may be taking place in Indian industry, with small firms growing faster than larger firms and reducing the importance of large firms in Indian industry. This has important implications for the future competitiveness of Indian industry.
TH-AB-303-02: An Investigation of Respiratory Signal Parameters for Multiple-Step Ahead Prediction of Surrogate Motion

Purpose: Target tracking or gating the radiation beam using real-time imaging and surrogate motion monitoring methods are employed for dynamic tracking treatment or respiratory-gated radiotherapy. This method requires tumor motion prediction far enough in advance. This study investigated the effect of various respiratory motion parameters on the prediction accuracy of tumor motion in a newly developed prediction algorithm. Methods: The algorithm takes a one-dimensional surrogate signal of amplitude versus time, which is further divided into three components: training, input, and analysis components used as a validation against the prediction. The prediction algorithm consists of three major steps: (1)extracting top-ranked subcomponents from training component which best-match the input component; (2)calculating weighting factors from these best-matched subcomponents; (3)fusing the proceeding optimal subcomponents with assigned weighting factors to form prediction. The prediction algorithm was examined using respiratory signals obtained from 30 simulations for prediction algorithm parameter optimization, and 555 phantom and patient data from the respiratory positioning management device. The analysis and input components were calculated for both a full and half respiratory cycle. Performance is assessed on correlation and root mean square error (RMSE) between prediction and analysis component. Results: Average correlation between prediction and analysis component was 0.720±0.390, 0.727±0.383, 0.535±0.454, 0.725±0.397, and 0.725±0.398 for full respiratory cycle prediction and 0.789±0.398, 0.800±0.385, 0.426±0.562, 0.784±0.389, and 0.784±0.389 for half respiratory cycle prediction for equal, relative, pattern, derivative equal and derivative relative weighting methods, respectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p-test) between the full and half respiratory cycle correlations for each algorithm Result in statistically highly significant results (p<0.1%), in favor of a half respiratory cycle prediction in all cases except for Pattern Method. Conclusion: The prediction algorithms are effective in estimating surrogate motion multiple-steps in advance. Statistical analysis indicates an advantage in using a half cycle prediction. Relative weighting method shows the best prediction accuracy.
Responding to global shifts in social work through the language of service user and service user involvement

‘Service user’ advisory representation is required by law and/or regulation in British social, health and educational programmes. This is similar to client counsels or consumer groups in the USA, which are required in some, but not all, US social service sectors. Often users of welfare services are excluded from citizenship – both formally and in terms of actual restraints on their citizenship rights. There remains uncertainty, however, about how best to identify and enable such individuals to participate in service user involvement without continued marginalisation. This study seeks to contribute to our emerging understanding of service user initiatives by exploring preferred terms of reference and service user involvement from the point of view of persons often categorised as service users by social policy, health and social care providers and academics, but who do not necessarily take part in self-organised service user groups.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Environmental Uncertainty: An Assessment of the Miles and Snow Perceived Environmental Uncertainty Scale

This research examined the measurement properties of the Miles and Snow perceived environmental uncertainty scale. Results supported the internal consistency of the scale; however, stability as mea...
Spectrum Bias or Spectrum Effect? Subgroup Variation in Diagnostic Test Evaluation

Diagnostic tests must be evaluated in a clinically relevant population. However, test performance often varies across population subgroups. Spectrum bias, a term commonly used to describe this heterogeneity, is typically thought to occur when diagnostic test performance varies across patient subgroups and a study of that test's performance does not adequately represent all subgroups. Yet subgroup variation is not a bias if appropriate analyses are conducted. Failure to recognize and address heterogeneity will lead to estimates of test performance that are not generalizable to the relevant clinical populations. Heterogeneity can be addressed with relatively simple stratification procedures, limited primarily by the sample size and the precision of the estimates. This paper proposes the use of the term spectrum effect, rather than spectrum bias, and outlines strategies for using stratified sensitivity and specificity estimates, likelihood ratios, and receiver-operating characteristic curves. Investigators of diagnostic tests should consider the potential for spectrum effect seriously and should address heterogeneity in their analyses. Furthermore, clinicians should consider study samples carefully to determine whether results are generalizable to their specific patient population.
Broadband dielectric mirror coatings for Fabry-Perot spectroscopy

A general approach to the design of broadband dielectric multilayer coatings for Fabry-Perot spectroscopy is described, with specific application to the design of coatings for the pepsios spectrometer. Designs are presented for reflectivities of 91.5 ± 1.0% over spectral ranges (λmax/λmin) from 1.3 to 2.0.
Chemical compositions of martian basalts (shergottites): Some inferences on basalt formation, mantle metasomatism, and differentiation on Mars

Bulk chemical compositions of the shergottite basalts provide important constraints on magma genesis and mantle processes in Mars. Abundances of many major and trace elements in the shergottites covary in 2 distinct groups: Group 1 (G1) includes mostly highly incompatible elements (e.g., La, Th), and Group 2 (G2) includes mostly moderately incompatible elements (e.g., Ti, Lu, Al, Hf). Covariations of G2 elements (not necessarily linear) are consistent with partitioning between basalt magma and orthopyroxene + olivine. This fractionation represents partial melting to form the shergottites and their crystallization; the restite minerals cannot include aluminous phase(s), phosphate, ilmenite, zircon, or sulfides. Overall, abundances of G1 elements are decoupled from those of G2. In graphing abundances of a G1 element against those of a G2 element, G1/G2 abundance ratios do not appear to be random but are restricted to 4 values. Shergottites with a given G1/G2 value need not have the same crystallization age and need not fall on a single fractionation trajectory involving compatible elements (e.g., Ti versus Fe*). These observations imply that the G1/G2 families were established before basalt formation and suggest metasomatic enrichment of their source region (major carrier of G2 elements) by a component rich in G1 elements. Group 1 elements were efficiently separated from G2 elements very early in Mars' history. Such efficient fractionation is not consistent with simple petrogenesis; it requires multiple fractionations, "complex" petrogenetic processes, or minerals with unusual geochemistry. The behavior of phosphorus in this early fractionation event is inexplicable by normal petrogenetic processes and minerals. Several explanations are possible, including significant compatibility of P in majoritic garnet and the presence of P-bearing iron metal (or a phosphide phase) in the residual solid assemblage (carrier of G2 elements). If the latter, Mars' mantle is more oxidized now than during the ancient fractionation event.
Using concept maps to assess change in teachers’ understandings of algebra: a respectful approach

The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ growth in understanding of algebra using concept maps. The study was set in the context of a five-year National Science Foundation funded teacher retention and renewal professional development project. In this project both beginning and experienced teachers are supported as they increase their understanding about mathematics, their ability to implement effective mathematics practices in their classrooms, and their knowledge of working with English Learners. Results indicate that teachers’ algebraic knowledge structures became more complex and connected as a result of their professional development. In addition, they were able to adapt their knowledge networks to incorporate important aspects of algebra into them. Concept maps are recommended to other leaders of mathematics professional development as a means of assessing change.
Effects of Recombinant Methionyl Bovine Somatotropin (Sometribove) in High Producing Cows Milked Three Times Daily

Abstract Effects of daily sometribove administration on milk yield and composition, body condition score, BW, and SCC were evaluated in Holstein cows milked three times daily. Lactating cows (n = 104) were assigned randomly to control or sometribove-treated (25 mg/d) groups. The experimental period was 16 wk, consisting of 2-wk pretreatment, 12-wk treatment, and 2-wk posttreatment periods. AU cows were injected once dairy starting at 53 to 180 d postpartum, housed in free stalls, and fed one of five total mixed rations according to milk production. Body weights were measured weekly, and body condition was scored biweekly. Milk yield was recorded daily, and weekly milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and SCC. Milk yield and milk protein were increased 18.8% (38.6 vs. 32.5 kg/d) and 3.3% (3.1 vs. 3.0%), respectively, whereas percentage of milk fat, lactose, SNF, SCC, and BW were unaffected by treatment. Overall average body condition scores were lower for the sometribove-treated group versus control (2.2 vs. 2.4). No apparent differences in the number of cows treated for mastitis, foot rot, displaced abomasum, or lameness were observed between treatment groups. Sometribove treatment significantly enhanced milk yield (6.1 kg/d) with no apparent negative effects on health in high producing cows milked thee times per day.
The flow stress of tungstein in the presence of a non-equilibrium concentration of kinks

Abstract A pulse heating experiment, designed to introduce a supersaturation of kink, has been performed. No. measurable decrease in the flow stress has been observed, as predicted if a Peierls-Nabarro stress is rate controlling.
Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution: Solvent Effects, Mechanism, and an Asymmetric 3,4,5-Substituted Benzazepine Synthesis

The resolution in the lithiation-substitution sequence from 1 to 4−11 in MTBE is shown to be under thermodynamic control in contrast to the previous report of kinetic control in diethyl ether. Diastereomeric equilibration of a soluble complex is shown to be controlling and an asymmetric synthesis of a 3,4,5-substituted benzazepine is reported.
Schizophrenia in men: the impact on their wives.

1. Sequential development of wives' attitude changes was reviewed from their husbands' first hospital admission through typical regression in chronic schizophrenia. 2. Seven categories representing the wives' response to their husbands' illness were recognized and described covering the range from Acceptance through Ambivalence to Rejection. 3. The appearance of ambivalent feelings in the wife is often the first sign of impending rejection. 4. Approximately one-half of the wives of patients on one ward were rated as having rejected their husbands by Intellectual or Physical Avoidance techniques, usually ending in divorce or separation. 5. The reactions of these wives seem best explained as rational coping behavior. 6. Some difficulties specific to wives of chronic schizophrenics were discussed.
Radical chemistry under diffusional constraints : Impact of spacer molecules on the thermolysis of surface-immobilized bibenzyl

Silica nanoparticle surfaces have been chemically modified to contain a molecular probe, 1,2-diphenylethane (bibenzyl), as well as a second spacer molecule of variable structure. Thermolysis kinetics and products at 400 °C have been determined for bibenzyl, and the impact of diffusional constraints and spacer molecular structure on the multipathway radical chemistry has been analyzed relative to fluid phases. Unimolecular homolysis rate constants, k = (7−9) × 10-6 s-1, are found to be independent of spacer molecular structure (naphthalene, diphenylmethane, tetralin) and similar to values measured in fluid phases, indicating the lack of a cage effect on the silica surface. However, the total rate of bibenzyl thermolysis and the resulting product selectivities are profoundly affected by both surface immobilization and the structure of the spacer molecule. Naphthalene spacers behave as “molecular walls” serving as physical barriers to bimolecular hydrogen transfer steps on the surface and augmenting the effe...
Bupropion SR and contingency management for adolescent smoking cessation

There is a significant need for evidence-based treatments for adolescent smoking cessation. Prior research, although limited, has suggested potential roles for bupropion sustained-release (SR) and contingency management (CM), but no previous studies have assessed their combined effect. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 134 adolescent smokers were randomized to receive a 6-week course of bupropion SR + CM, bupropion SR + non-CM, placebo + CM, or placebo + non-CM, with final follow-up at 12 weeks. The primary outcome was 7-day cotinine-verified point prevalence abstinence, allowing for a 2-week grace period. Combined bupropion SR + CM treatment yielded significantly superior abstinence rates during active treatment when compared with placebo + non-CM treatment. In addition, combined treatment showed greater efficacy at multiple time points than did either bupropion SR + non-CM or placebo + CM treatment. Combined bupropion SR and CM appears efficacious, at least in the short-term, for adolescent smoking cessation and may be superior to either intervention alone.
Germination of Hydro-Seeded Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Response to Seed Agitation in the Tank

Abstract Seed of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were added (5.5 kg each) to 1135 liters of water and 54.4 kg of wood fiber in a hydro-seeding unit that. used a centrifugal pump both to agitate (recirculate) the slurry and deliver it to the seedbed. Samples were collected after 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of agitation, the seed separated from the fiber and air-dried. The seed then were subjected to a germination test (15°/25°C, 16 h/8 h; darkness) and a slant test to determine primary root length at 14 days after planting. Increasing duration of agitation had no effect on germination percentage of Kentucky bluegrass (79% average) but slightly decreased germination of perennial ryegrass from 91% at 0 minutes to 82% after 120 minutes. Slurry agitation had slight effects on germination rate; Kentucky bluegrass was slowed slightly (less than 1 day) and perennial ryegrass was hastened slightly (maximum of 0.5 days). Primary root length of Kentucky bluegras...
Wind turbine control systems: Dynamic model development using system identification and the fast structural dynamics code

Mitigating the effects of damaging wind turbine loads and responses extends the lifetime of the turbine and, consequently, reduces the associated Cost of Energy (COE). Active control of aerodynamic devices is one option for achieving wind turbine load mitigation. Generally speaking, control system design and analysis requires a reasonable dynamic model of {open_quotes}plant,{close_quotes} (i.e., the system being controlled). This paper extends the wind turbine aileron control research, previously conducted at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC), by presenting a more detailed development of the wind turbine dynamic model. In prior research, active aileron control designs were implemented in an existing wind turbine structural dynamics code, FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence). In this paper, the FAST code is used, in conjunction with system identification, to generate a wind turbine dynamic model for use in active aileron control system design. The FAST code is described and an overview of the system identification technique is presented. An aileron control case study is used to demonstrate this modeling technique. The results of the case study are then used to propose ideas for generalizing this technique for creating dynamic models for other wind turbine control applications.
Differential GSR conditioning with a complex CS

As a first step in the investigation of the effect of stimulus information on differential conditioning, the present experiment was performed using geometrical figures with one relevant and one irrelevant bit of information as CSs. Differential conditioning was indeed possible. Furthermore, conditioning was rapid, indicating the influence of concept formation or language. The effect of several control variables was also studied. These had minimal influence on conditioning.
Behavioral contrast as a function of component duration and baseline rate of reinforcement

Three experiments examined changes in size of multiple-schedule behavioral contrast with changes in an independent variable. Experiment 1 found that positive contrast generally increased with increases in component duration when pigeons pressed treadles. Experiments 2 and 3 found that positive and negative contrast generally increased with increases in the baseline rates of reinforcement when pigeons pecked keys. The experiments show that positive and negative con­ trast vary as similar functions of the same variables. Experiment 1 also suggests that these func­ tions are different for different responses. Behavioral contrast refers to an inverse relationship be­ tween the rate of responding during one component of a multiple schedule and the conditions of reinforcement in the other component. Positive contrast is an increase in responding during one component with a worsening of the conditions of reinforcement in the other compo­ nent. Negative contrast is a decrease in responding with improvements in the other conditions of reinforcement. Positive and negative contrast may be measured relative to a baseline multiple schedule that provides the same, intermediate, rates of reinforcement in the two compo­
The Teacher's Corner: More on Unbiased Estimation of the Standard Deviation

(1968). The Teacher's Corner: More on Unbiased Estimation of the Standard Deviation. The American Statistician: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 27-27.
Connections among quantum logics. Part 1. Quantum propositional logics

In this paper, we propose a theory of quantum logics which is general enough to enable us to reexamine previous work on quantum logics in the context of this theory. It is then easy to assess the differences between the different systems studied. The quantum logical systems which we incorporate are divided into two groups which we call “quantum propositional logics” and “quantum event logics.” We include the work of Kochen and Specker (partial Boolean algebras), Greechie and Gudder (orthomodular partially ordered sets), Domotar (quantum mechanical systems), and Foulis and Randall (operational logics) in quantum propositional logics; and Abbott (semi-Boolean algebras) and Foulis and Randall (manuals) in quantum event logics. In this part of the paper, we develop an axiom system for quantum propositional logics and examine the above structures in the context of this system.
Gateway finder in large graphs: problem definitions and fast solutions

Given a graph, how to find a small group of `gateways', that is a small subset of nodes that are crucial in connecting the source to the target? For instance, given a social network, who is the best person to introduce you to, say, Chris Ferguson, the poker champion? Or, given a network of people and skills, who is the best person to help you learn about, say, wavelets? We formally formulate this problem in two scenarios: Pair-Gateway and Group-Gateway. For each scenario, we show that it is sub-modular and thus it can be solved near-optimally. We further give fast, scalable algorithms to find such gateways. Extensive experimental evaluations on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Mechanisms and strategies for effective delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides

The potential use of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents has elicited a great deal of interest. However, a major issue for oligonucleotide-based therapeutics involves effective intracellular delivery of the active molecules. In this Survey and Summary, we review recent reports on delivery strategies, including conjugates of oligonucleotides with various ligands, as well as use of nanocarrier approaches. These are discussed in the context of intracellular trafficking pathways and issues regarding in vivo biodistribution of molecules and nanoparticles. Molecular-sized chemical conjugates and supramolecular nanocarriers each display advantages and disadvantages in terms of effective and nontoxic delivery. Thus, choice of an optimal delivery modality will likely depend on the therapeutic context.
Training-feedback tradeoff in closed-loop synchronous DS-CDMA systems with adaptive user sequences

This paper considers a synchronous DS-CDMA system where channel state information at the base station is acquired via uplink training and channel feedback is used to provide the terminals with the optimal uplink signatures. We examine the tradeoffs involved in the proportioning of a resource block between training, data, and feedback symbols, with linear (matched filter and minimum mean-square error) receive processing at the BS with the user rate as the performance metric. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the analytical discussion.
Ultrastructure and behavior of the larva of Phragmatopoma californica (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae): identification of sensory organs potentially involved in substrate selection

The tentacles of the larvae of Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes) a tubicolous, reef-building polychaete, were examined by video-equipped light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the tentacles has a unique ciliation pattern, consisting of dorsal tufts of short immotile cilia, ventrolateral tufts of short and long immotile cilia, and ventral motile cilia. Cells bearing immotile cilia are primary sensory cells with long basal processes that form synapses with basiepithelial nerve fibers. The sensory cell cytoplasm is similar to that of nervous tissue, and contains microtubules, neurofilaments, and synaptic vesicles. Sensory cell synapses with basiepithelial nerves appear to be both axodendritic and axoaxonic. The structure of the immotile cilia is compared to that of motile cilia. Unlike motile cilia, immotile cilia are short, rigid, end in a blunt tip and possess and axoneme with typically arranged mictotubules that terminate in an electron-dense end plate. The basal feet of immotile cilia do not anastomose with adjacent basal bodies, and the ciliary membrane is loosely applied to the axoneme and is covered by a surface coat of filamentous material. The use of the larval tentacles during substrate exploration, and the location and ultrastructure of sensory cilia, indicate that they may be involved in the perception of substrateassociated chemical signals and/or mechanical cues of significance in substrate selection.
Effect of Nonuniform Geometries on Flow Distributions and Heat Transfer Characteristics for Arrays of Impinging Jets

Two-dimensional arrays of circular jets impinging on a surface parallel to the jet orifice plate are considered. The jet flow, after impingement, is constrained to exit in a single direction along the channel formed by the jet orifice plate and the impingement surface. Experimental results for the effects of streamwise nonuniform array geometries on streamwise flow distributions and heat transfer characteristics are presented. A flow distribution model for nonuniform arrays is developed and validated by comparison with the measured flow distributions. The model is then employed to compare nonuniform array streamwise resolved heat transfer coefficient data with previously reported uniform array data and with a previously developed correlation based on the uniform array data. It was found that uniform array results can, in general, serve as a satisfactory basis from which to predict heat transfer coefficients at individual spanwise rows of nonuniform arrays. However, significant differences were observed in some cases over the first one or two rows downstream of the geometric transition line of the nonuniform array.
Kinetic Process of β-Amyloid Formation via Membrane Binding

Recently we have studied thermodynamics of membrane-mediated β-amyloid formation in equilibrium experiments using penetratin-lipid mixtures. The results showed that penetratin bound to the membrane interface in the α-helical conformation when the peptide/lipid (P/L) ratios were below a lipid-dependent critical value P/L∗. When P/L reached P/L∗, small β-aggregates emerged, which served as the nuclei for large β-aggregates. Here we studied the corresponding kinetic process to understand the potential barriers for the membrane-mediated β-amyloid formation. We performed kinetic experiments using giant unilamellar vesicles made of 7:3 DOPC/DOPG. The observed time behavior of individual giant unilamellar vesicles, although complex, exhibited the physical effects seen in equilibrium experiments. Most interestingly, a potential barrier appeared to block penetratin from translocating across the bilayer. As a result, the kinetic value for the critical threshold P/L∗ is roughly one-half of the value measured in equilibrium where peptides bind symmetrically on both sides of lipid bilayers. We also investigated the similarity and differences between the charged and neutral lipids in their interactions with penetratin. We reached an important conclusion that the bound states of peptides in lipid bilayers are largely independent of the charge on the lipid headgroups.
Exploring the generative potential between positive organizational scholarship and management, spirituality, and religion research

Though conceptually distinct, the fields of positive organizational scholarship (POS) and management, spirituality, and religion (MSR) consider various phenomena in common. In this paper, we address a range of topics that both disciplines explore, as well as topics that are exclusive to one domain but that may inform and enrich the other. We identify shared criticisms that both domains have faced and highlight different paths each field has taken toward establishing legitimacy. Our aim is to identify mutually relevant terrain where MSR research and POS can inform and enrich each other.
A Stereoselective synthesis of vinyl ethers from α-alkoxyaldehydes

Abstract A general, stereoselective approach to vinyl ethers from α-alkoxyaldehydes is described which features a stereocontrolled tri- n -butylstannyl addition/elimination sequence.
Effects of spanwise blowing and reverse thrust on fighter low-speed aerodynamics

A brief review of takeoff and landing requirements for the next generation of fighter aircraft indicates that improvement in lift performance and thrust reversing capability will be needed if short takeoff and landing (STOL) operations are to be feasible. A recent joint NASA/Grumman Aerospace Corporation/U.S. Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratory wind tunnel investigation was conducted to examine the effects of spanwise blowing on the trailing-edge flap system. This application contrasts with the more familiar method of spanwise blowing near the wing leading edge. Another joint program among NASA/McDonnell Aircraft Company/U.S. Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratory investigated the effects of reverse thrust on the low-speed aerodynamics of an F-15 configuration. The F-15 model was fitted with a rotating vane thrust reverser concept which could simulate both in-flight reversing for approach and landing or full reversing for ground roll reduction. The significant results of these two joint programs are reported in this paper. a b c CD CD.O
A finite volume method for transonic potential flow calculations

It is proposed to solve the exact transonic potential flow equation on a mesh constructed from small volume elements, which can be conveniently packed around any reasonably smooth configuration. The calculation is performed on two sets of interlocking cells. The velocity and density are calculated in the primary cells, and a flux balance is then established in the secondary cells. The scheme is desymmetrized by the addition of artificial viscosity in the supersonic zone. Some results are included for a swept wing and a wing-cylinder combination.
Cardiac function in mild and severe primary hypothyroidism

One hundred patients with mild to severe primary hypothyroidism have been analyzed for abnormalities in left ventricular performance utilizing noninvasive techniques. These studies have revealed significant abnormalities in cardiac function which correlated inversely with serum T4 levels. The abnormalities in cardiac function were completely reversible with thyroid hormone therapy. Even in patients with mild subclinical hypothyroidism, significant changes in left ventricular performance were achieved by doses of thyroid hormone which normalized TSH secretion. Therapy with either L-T4 or L-T3 resulted in normal cardiac function though L-T3 produced normal cardiac function on lower doses than were necessary to normalize TSH secretion. These studies are intended to provide new information on the optimal treatment of hypothyroidism.
Optimal warping function design for discrete time warped Fourier transforms

We have recently introduced the class of generalized scale transforms and its subclass of warped Fourier transforms. Members in each class are defined by continuous time warping functions. While the two transforms admit a mathematically elegant analysis of warp-shift invariant systems it is still unclear how to design warping functions that deliver optimal representations for a given class of signals or systems. In many cases we can obtain an optimal choice for the warping function via a closed form analysis of the system that generates the signal of interest. In cases in which a closed form analysis is not possible we have to rely on a warp function estimation method. The approach we are taking in this paper is founded in information theory. We consider the observed signal as a random process. A power estimate of the warped Fourier transform parameterized by an underlying warping function is obtained from a finite number of realizations. We treat the power estimate as a probability density in warp-frequency and minimize its differential entropy over the space of admissible warping functions. We use an iterative numerical method for the minimization process. A proper formulation of a discrete time warped Fourier transform is employed as a foundation for the numerical analysis. Applications of the proposed algorithm can be found in detection, system identification, and data-compression.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Incipient octupole and 26-pole deformation in the mass region 220 < A < 230

The increase in calculated binding energies of nuclides in the mass region 220<A<230 due to varying the 26-pole deformation parameter is found to be ∽1.0 MeV. The implications of this finding for octupole deformation are discussed.
PKD2 Interacts and Co-localizes with mDia1 to Mitotic Spindles of Dividing Cells: ROLE OF mDia1 IN PKD2 LOCALIZATION TO MITOTIC SPINDLES

Mutations in pkd2 result in the type 2 form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which accounts for ∼15% of all cases of the disease. PKD2, the protein product of pkd2, belongs to the transient receptor potential superfamily of cation channels, and it can function as a mechanosensitive channel in the primary cilium of kidney cells, an intracellular Ca2+ release channel in the endoplasmic reticulum, and/or a nonselective cation channel in the plasma membrane. We have identified mDia1/Drf1 (mammalian Diaphanous or Diaphanous-related formin 1 protein) as a PKD2-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screen. mDia1 is a member of the RhoA GTPase-binding formin homology protein family that participates in cytoskeletal organization, cytokinesis, and signal transduction. We show that mDia1 and PKD2 interact in native and in transfected cells, and binding is mediated by the cytoplasmic C terminus of PKD2 binding to the mDia1 N terminus. The interaction is more prevalent in dividing cells in which endogenous PKD2 and mDia1 co-localize to the mitotic spindles. RNA interference experiments reveal that endogenous mDia1 knockdown in HeLa cells results in the loss of PKD2 from mitotic spindles and alters intracellular Ca2+ release. Our results suggest that mDia1 facilitates the movement of PKD2 to a centralized position during cell division and has a positive effect on intracellular Ca2+ release during mitosis. This may be important to ensure equal segregation of PKD2 to the daughter cell to maintain a necessary level of channel activity. Alternatively, PKD2 channel activity may be important in the cell division process or in cell fate decisions after division.
Predator-induced defense in rotifers: developmental lags for morph transformations, and effect on population growth

This study examines two aspects of predator-induced, morphological defense in rotifers: developmental time lags for acquisition and loss of the defense, and cost of the defense. When the predator and its inducing kairomone disappear from a community, the extent to which prey population growth is inhibited by the retention of the induced defense will be determined by the reversibility of the defense and the magnitude of any cost associated with the defense. In Brachionus calyciflorus, Asplanchna-induced posterior spines were lost more slowly than acquired. When females of the induced morph were removed from Asplanchna kairomone after oviposition of their first egg, they continued to produce long-spined offspring throughout their life. Even when cultured from birth to death without Asplanchna kairomone, females born with long, induced spines produced daughters with some induced spine development. In contrast, when females of the basic (non-induced) morph were exposed to Asplanchna kairomone after oviposition of their first egg, some of their second and all of their subsequently oviposited eggs developed into daughters with long spines. In B. calyciflorus and also Keratella tropica, the reproductive cost of Asplanchna-induced defense was determined by comparing population growth rates of basic and Asplanchna-induced morphs. Populations were initiated with individuals of either morph, and Asplanchna was present with the induced morph to assure that all individuals born during the culture period had long spines. In each of three separate experiments with each rotifer species, population growth rates of basic and induced morphs were statistically indistinguishable. Thus, possession of long spines in the absence of Asplanchna is unlikely to inhibit the reproduction of these rotifers through any allocation or energetic cost.
Cognitive Enhancements of Readiness for Corrections-Based Treatment for Drug Abuse:

Motivational readiness for engaging in drug treatment is a common problem for probationers mandated to criminal justice programs, particularly for those with limited educational experience. This study presents initial findings on the impact of a new four-session treatment readiness program that includes an array of cognitive engagement strategies. Probationers in a 4-month mandated residential program were randomly assigned to receive a standard (n = 244) or enhanced treatment readiness program (n = 249). The enhanced program was given favorable overall ratings, and the low education group in this condition rated their midterm improvements in motivation and confidence as being higher than did the group receiving the standard program.
Clean combustion of different liquid fuels using a novel injector

Abstract This study demonstrates low-emission combustion of diesel, biodiesel and straight vegetable oil (VO) in a fuel-flexible combustor employing a flow blurring (FB) injector for fuel atomization. Measurements of gas temperature and CO and NOx concentrations at various axial and radial locations of the combustor are acquired using custom-designed thermocouple and gas sampling probes. Heat loss rate through the combustor is estimated from wall temperatures measured by an infra-red camera. A simple droplet model is used to predict fuel vaporization behavior in the dark-region near the injector exit. Results show that the FB injector produced clean blue flames indicating mainly premixed combustion for all three fuels. Matching profiles of heat loss rate and product gas temperature show that the combustion efficiency is fuel independent. NOx emissions for the three fuels agree with each other within the measurement uncertainties. CO emissions of straight VO are slightly higher than those for diesel and biodiesel. This difference in CO emissions is explained by the slower evaporation rate of straight VO droplets compared to diesel or biodiesel droplets. This study shows that with FB injector, straight VO without preheating or chemical pre-processing can be cleanly combusted in furnaces, boilers, or stationary power generation systems, thereby offering significant economical and environmental benefits.
Suppression of spin dephasing in diamond NV centers with microwave-dressed spin states

We demonstrate a spectral domain technique for suppressing the nuclear-spin-bath induced dephasing of diamond nitrogen vacancy centers by employing microwave-dressed spin states. Reduction in spin dephasing by more than 10-fold is observed.
What Are Your Favorites

Having just returned from the American Library Association's Midwinter Conference in Denver, Colorado, my mind is swimming with a plethora of responsibilities, discussions, names of restaurants, and to-do lists for my to-do list. I keep shifting pieces of paper in and out of folders, freeing them from legal pads, transcribing notes, crushing notes, and tossing them in the wastebasket—thinking I have accomplished something. Organization used to bemy trademark—always ready, taking charge (evenwhen it was something I should not manage), and finding a better way to organize the process. I took pride in the minutiae of life: packing a suitcase five days before a trip, having agenda ready one month before a meeting (or at least two weeks), preparing for meetings by reading all of the material, armed with pens and highlighters, and way ahead of time to allow for ample revisions and updates. Now you are smiling. Been there, tried to do that. What happened? Some would say “life,” others would say “age,” and the cynics would say “an aging life.” I will leave the answer hanging as I have not quite analyzed a good response. I do know how to say “no” and set priorities. I hold off too long on experimenting with my Kindle, iPod Touch, and now I’ve seen a Livescribe Smartpen that is totally intriguing. Really, though, I just want my cell phone to work (without e-mail functionality); I do not want my personal laptop to crash; I see value in watching four deer rest in the snow in my backyard. I almost feel Andy Rooney-ish drollness envelope me. Are vacations or trips really worthwhile if the aftermath is overload? Overload, whether through technology or what we choose to do in our lives, trumps us all at one time or another. As I worked my way through lists just long enough to have a coherent report to my dean, I thought it would be fun to incorporate reading ideas into this Editorial (I did plan ahead on this one) while sorting out institutional repository growth, scholarly communications trends and issues, deciding on best practices for journals and sections within ALA. I wondered how others keep on top of or even with professional development on a regular basis. As one communications provider advertises in the United States, who are your “favs” and who is in your circle of friends? What are some favorite sources of professional reading for Serials Review Editorial Board members (assuming Serials Review is
THE EFFECTS OF A VITAMIN SUPPLEMENT ON THE PICA OF A CHILD WITH SEVERE MENTAL RETARDATION

The effects of a common multiple vitamin on the pica of a child with severe mental retardation and anemia were evaluated. A BAB design revealed that pica was decreased by the vitamin. The results suggest that pica can be effectively treated by implementation of a simple nutritional or biological intervention. Further research investigating the generality of this finding and the effects of combining biological and behavioral interventions are discussed.
Building Botanical Literacy

Betsy Justus, a doctoral student at Ohio University, has a fan club. It is a team of students from Cheyenne Central High School investigating spore germination in their classroom and posting research information to their team Web page. Betsy has been mentoring her team through online guidance and encouragement, posing questions throughout the inquiry process, and providing insights on what scientists know and how they think. Similarly, Eric Jones, a Florida State University doctoral candidate, hooked his St. Sebastian middle school team into an intriguing conversation about their investigations on pollinator visits to flowers. His reward was in experiencing his students' motivation to learn, expressed in statements such as, ‘We are sad that our experiments are over,” and ‘We have developed a whole new interest in flowers!”
Breakup processes in heavy-ion induced reactions

Cross sections for breakup of $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ into $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ during scattering from $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ were calculated in terms of the distorted wave Born approximation. The inclusive $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ cross section observed in the $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$($^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$) reaction was then found to be fitted very well by the sum of this breakup contribution and that of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-transfer reaction calculated in our previous work.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$($^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$) breakup reactions, calculated $\frac{{d}^{2}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}\mathrm{dE}}$; $E(^{20}\mathrm{Ne})=149\ensuremath{-}262$ MeV, direct reaction mechanism for heavy-ion reaction.
The Fools of the Leisure Class. Honor, Ridicule, and the Emergence of Animal Protection Legislation in England, 1740–1840

Cet article propose une analyse de l'apparition, a la fin du XVII e siecle en Angleterre, de preoccupations d'ordre moral concernant les animaux. Ce souci nait a la rencontre entre, d'une part, le developpement dans l'aristocratie des considerations de civilite et, d'autre part, l'augmentation massive et visible des mauvais traitements infliges aux animaux dans les villes. En opposition aux interpretations fondees sur les concepts de discipline (Foucault) et de distinction (Bourdieu), on montre que ce souci obeit a une structure de classe, sans pour autant etre interpretable en termes d'interet de classe.
The Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment: Introduction

The Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiments (MLOPEX) were seasonal investigations of the chemistry of the remote free troposphere over the north Pacific Ocean. This introduction describes the measurement campaign, MLOPEX 2.
Twin Terrestrial Impact Craters

A RECENT article by Mills1 has suggested that certain multiple or twin lunar craters may have formed by the slow collapse of a fluidized bed. It was stated that twin astroblemes have not been identified on the Earth and that violent events forming craters, such as meteorite impacts, would be expected to cause considerable destruction of the dividing wall in multiple craters.
Improved lensometry with a programmed calculator-lensometer combination

The arithmetic associated with prescription calculation seems to be the major source of error and inefficiency in the performance of traditional lensometry. We have found that a programmed calculator used in combination with a lensometer achieves greater accuracy in less time than does the lensometer alone. This approach may be a useful alternative to the physician who does not wish to make a substantial investment in a fully automatic device.