cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negotiations of surface: archaeology within the early strata of psychoanalysis.

Freud's “The Aetiology of Hysteria” (1896) begins with the description of an excavation. With this passage as a point of departure, the role of archaeology in Freud's early psychoanalytic formulations is examined. The archaeological imagery in his later writings and the collection of ancient objects that came to fill his consulting room and library are well known, but the passage must be contextualized in its own moment to show the influences that led Freud to articulate an “expanse of ruins” at this particular time. In the late nineteenth century, archaeology provided an innovative representation of “topography”—one that exceeded the limitations of this concept in neuroanatomical visualizations and that offered the layered site as an analogy for psychic processes. Schliemann's highly publicized excavations of Troy are recognized as an important but not exclusive source for Freud's narrative of 1896. The additional, perhaps dominant, impact of Austrian archaeological projects in the 1880s and 1890s is not...
Stability of natural progesterone.

SummaryNatural progesterone isolated from pigs' ovaries in 1936 shows no loss of activity after storage for 10 years in glass-stoppered vials at room temperature. Essentially similar methods of bioassay at widely separated intervals of time give dosage response curves that show no statistically significant differences.
Lipoprotein subfraction cholesterol distribution is more atherogenic in insulin resistant adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aims/Hypothesis Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) often have a less atherogenic-appearing fasting lipid profile than controls, despite increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as adults. We previously reported an atherogenic lipoprotein subfraction cholesterol distribution associated with insulin resistance (IR) in T1D adults. We sought to determine if T1D youth have more atherogenic profile than controls via a cross-sectional study. Methods Following 3 days of controlled diet and restricted exercise, fasting plasma samples were drawn from 28 T1D youth [50% female, age 15.3 ± 2 yr, body mass index (BMI) 48%ile; diabetes duration 73 ± 52 months, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 8.3 ± 1.4%] and 17 non-diabetic controls (47% female, age: 15.0 ± 2 yr, BMI 49%ile) prior to a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Lipoproteins were fractionated by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and lipoprotein cholesterol distribution determined. Outcome measures were IR assessed by glucose infusion rate (GIR) and FPLC lipoprotein subfraction cholesterol distribution. Results T1D youth were more IR (GIR 9.1 ± 3.6 vs. 14.7 ± 3.9 mg/kg/min, p < 0.0001) and had more cholesterol distributed as small dense low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and less as large buoyant high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) than controls (p < 0.05), despite no differences in the fasting lipid panel. T1D girls lacked the typical female less-atherogenic profile, whereas control girls tended to have a shift toward less dense LDL-C and HDL-C vs. control boys. Among T1D, IR but not HbA1c was associated with a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile. Conclusions/Interpretations Normal weight T1D youth, especially females, had more atherogenic LDL-C and HDL-C distributions which correlated with lower insulin sensitivity. IR may contribute to the increased CVD burden in T1D.
Rice and red rice interference. I. Response of red rice (Oryza sativa) to sowing rates of tropical japonica and indica rice cultivars

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center at Stuttgart, AR, in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw) red rice to sowing densities of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1 of ‘Kaybonnet,’ ‘Guichao,’ and ‘PI 312777’ rice cultivars. PI 312777 produced a greater leaf area index and tiller density than Kaybonnet when grown with red rice. In 1997, Stgstraw seed yields were lower when grown with PI 312777 and Guichao than with Kaybonnet. The increased weed population in 1998 did not increase seed yield production of red rice when grown with the three rice cultivars. The Stgstraw red rice seed yield was reduced when grown with 50 kg ha−1 rice when compared with its yield in monoculture and was reduced further when grown with 100 and 150 kg ha−1 rice. These results demonstrate that red rice was more competitive when compared with the tropical japonica Kaybonnet than the indica PI 312777. Despite its semidwarf stature, PI 312777 tended to sup...
Continuous Wave 2.8-µm Laser Emission from Er:LiYF4 at 77K

Laser radiation in the 3-µm wavelength region has important medical applications.(1,2) Recently considerable progress toward obtaining practical devices has been made. For example, cw 2.8 µm laser emission from diode-pumped Er:LiYF4 has been demonstrated at room temperature. In this paper we report an alternative scheme in which several watts of laser output have been obtained by pumping a cryogenically cooled rod with a high power tungsten lamp.
Contraception for the perimenopausal patient.

SUMMARY All the existing data show that combination estrogen/progestogen therapy is mandatory if any replacement therapy is to be given to the woman over age 40. Sufficient evidence has indicated that estrogen alone is inadequate; progestogen must be given to prevent endometrial hyperplasia, lower the risk of breast cancer, and prevent bone loss. In the premenopausal woman, such therapy should also provide contraception. Because of the lack of minimal dose products fulfilling such criteria, many physicians will allow women to continue with their contraceptive if they do not smoke and have no other contraindications. It will remain to be seen if a product close to ideal can be found to fulfill the contraceptive and therapeutic needs of women traversing the most physiologically hazardous period of their lives.
Robust Inference in Models of Cointegration

This paper introduces a test statistic that is robust to serial correlation/heteroskedasticity of unknown form in a single-equation cointegration environment that incorporates linear polynomial trend functions. The standard approach used to deal with heteroskedasticity and serial correlation in models of this type has been to estimate the correlation structure of the error terms. While this approach generates consistent estimates of the correlation structure, the possibility of substantial size distortions in finite samples remains. The test proposed in this paper eliminates the need to estimate the correlation structure, and hence removes an important source of size distortions. The development of the new test relies upon a data-dependent transformation of the ordinary least squares estimates of the parameters. The test can also be employed to conduct inference on the trend function, on the cointegration vector in a cointegration relationship, and on the parameters of the deterministic trend function of a univariate time series. Extensive simulation experiments investigate the properties of the new test statistic in finite samples. These reveal that size distortions are generally less than those of tests currently employed in the literature; moreover, there is no substantial reduction in power.
Geologic Record Since the Devonian

A continuous deposit of rocks assumed for Maine between the Devonian age and the commencement of the glacial epoch—Remarks of Prof. Charles H. Hitchcock upon the subject—Great thickness of glacial denudation of the surface of New England assumed—Carboniferous, Triassic,and Cretaceous times—Tertiary Period, and its times described—Its animal life and vegetation.
Simulations of cellulose translocation in the bacterial cellulose synthase suggest a regulatory mechanism for the dimeric structure of cellulose

The processive cycle of the bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) includes the addition of a single glucose moiety to the end of a growing cellulose chain followed by the translocation of the nascent chain across the plasma membrane. The mechanism of this translocation and its precise location within the processive cycle are not well understood. In particular, the molecular details of how a polymer (cellulose) whose basic structural unit is a dimer (cellobiose) can be constructed by adding one monomer (glucose) at a time are yet to be elucidated. Here, we have utilized molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to the shed light on these questions. We find that translocation forward by one glucose unit is quite favorable energetically, giving a free energy stabilization of greater than 10 kcal/mol. In addition, there is only a small barrier to translocation, implying that translocation is not rate limiting within the Bcs processive cycle (given experimental rates for cellulose synthesis in vitro). Perhaps most significantly, our results also indicate that steric constraints at the transmembrane tunnel entrance regulate the dimeric structure of cellulose. Namely, when a glucose molecule is added to the cellulose chain in the same orientation as the acceptor glucose, the terminal glucose freely rotates upon forward motion, thus suggesting a regulatory mechanism for the dimeric structure of cellulose. We characterize both the conserved and non-conserved enzyme-polysaccharide interactions that drive translocation, and find that 20 of the 25 residues that strongly interact with the translocating cellulose chain in the simulations are well conserved, mostly with polar or aromatic side chains. Our results also allow for a dynamical analysis of the role of the so-called `finger helix' in cellulose translocation that has been observed structurally. Taken together, these findings aid in the elucidation of the translocation steps of the Bcs processive cycle and may be widely relevant to polysaccharide synthesizing or degrading enzymes that couple catalysis with chain translocation.
Bittersweet: The Moral Economy of Taste and Intimacy in an Amazonian Society

For Uitoto communities in the borderlands of the Colombian Amazon, ordinary sociality depends on the effective rendering of sweet social relations from a universe of bitterly antisocial possibilities. Human personhood and kinship must be continually materialized through the transformation of bitter substances and sensations into sweet ones, and the incorporation of sweetness as a sensible quality of moral personhood. In a context where the sensorium is frequently transposed into a moral register, taste qualities both index and transmit the moral qualities of persons, and the bittersweet potentialities of kinship relations are mediated through botanical instruments of moral transformation. This paper explores the qualities of dulzura (sweetness) and amargura (bitterness) as key terms of value in the moral economy of Uitoto horticulturalists—experts in the management of bitter manioc (manihot escualenta) and bitter feelings alike.
Anesthesia and sedation in the endoscopy suite? (influences and options).

Advances in technology and pharmacology have enabled gastrointestinal endoscopists to expand the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of the specialty. Research into the impact of the endoscopy environment on patient stress, acknowledgement of the various patient coping styles, development and de
Contextual Bandits in a Collaborative Environment

Contextual bandit algorithms provide principled online learning solutions to find optimal trade-offs between exploration and exploitation with companion side-information. They have been extensively used in many important practical scenarios, such as display advertising and content recommendation. A common practice estimates the unknown bandit parameters pertaining to each user independently. This unfortunately ignores dependency among users and thus leads to suboptimal solutions, especially for the applications that have strong social components. In this paper, we develop a collaborative contextual bandit algorithm, in which the adjacency graph among users is leveraged to share context and payoffs among neighboring users while online updating. We rigorously prove an improved upper regret bound of the proposed collaborative bandit algorithm comparing to conventional independent bandit algorithms. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and three large-scale real-world datasets verified the improvement of our proposed algorithm against several state-of-the-art contextual bandit algorithms.
Rebuilding the Inferior Turbinate with Hydroxyapatite Cement

This article describes a method of reconstructing a totally resected inferior turbinate with hydroxyapatite cement in patients who experience symptoms often associated with an overzealous resection of the turbinate (the "empty nose" syndrome).
Language Policy: Linguistic Perspectives

Language policy consists of the authoritative allocation of resources to language and pertains either to the status or the corpus of the language for which policy is designed. Status policies are either prohibitory, permissive, or supportive, several examples of each (and compromises between them) being given along a time-line extending from the French Revolution to today. A particularly difficult area of language status policy is that of reversing language shift, particularly so if such policy is undertaken only when intergenerational mother-tongue transmission has become relatively rare. The culture of language policy (i.e., the kinds of sanctions and rewards utilized) is similar to the more general political culture of the participating authorities. When these authorities are changed due to political change, much of language policy involves the undoing and the redoing of previous policies. Like language status policies, language corpus policies are also politically and ideologically determined, and frequently reflect a built-in tension between the degree of similarity with surrounding cultures that is desired (e.g., Westernization), as well as the degree of difference from them (‘authenticity’) that is considered necessary. Often, both similarity and difference are pursued simultaneously, leading to policy conflict between authorities, and to instability of the policies adopted. The local linguistic culture may set limits on what language policy attempts to accomplish but substantial variation is often possible within these limits, leading to both theoretical and practical guides to policy formulation, implementation, evaluation, and revision.
Soldiers into Citizens

The French army lost the Seven Years’ War in humiliating and disastrous fashion in all theaters, which saw the end of the French Empire nearly everywhere but the Caribbean. While France hated seeing its colonies swallowed up by Britain in North America and India, the deepest humiliation came from its loss to Prussia, a small state with a fraction of France’s population and wealth. France lost the Seven Years’ War for many reasons, including naval inferiority and incompetent generals, but one of the most discussed and accepted explanations emphasized the lack of discipline among French troops compared with the renowned discipline of the Prussian soldier. Drilled to perfection by their General-King, Frederick the Great, the Prussian army executed discrete attacks that would target small parts of enemy armies, such as supply lines that were necessary for the function of the greater army. French officers had underestimated Prussia and overestimated their own troops’ abilities and discipline as well as their own decision-making capabilities.
Logic, Law, and the Fight for Education

This chapter shows how prejudice toward people with intellectual and developmental disabilities was encouraged not just by how society was interpreting their religious texts but also by the growth of the Philosophies of Reason and Ethics. Descartes, Hume, and Kant have each had a lasting impact on current understanding of what it means to be a full member of society, which can be seen reflected in modern philosophical arguments made by Jeff McMahan and Peter Singer. People with disabilities thus faced an ongoing fight not just to leave institutions which segregated them, but to gain access to full educational opportunities. It also examines the development and legacy of the Special Education classroom.
Localized Proportional Routing: Practical Schemes

The localized schemes described in the previous chapter have been shown to approach the performance of the optimal scheme using only local information. Furthermore, even with coarser-grain path-level blocking information the vpm scheme performs as well as the vlm scheme that uses finer-grain link-level blocking information. It is easier to collect path-level statistics and simpler to implement path-based schemes. Hence we focus on path-based localized schemes and further investigate the issues involved in implementing them.
Nature of Bacteriophages Induced in Bacillus subtilis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nature of bacteriophages induced in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). The origin of, and relationship between, the extrachromosomal elements such as bacteriophages, bacteriocinogenic factors, sex factors, and resistance transfer factors in bacteria is obscure. The specific properties of each can be traced to a unique polydeoxyribonucleotide sequence. The extrachromosomal elements can replicate independently of the bacterial host genome. The possibility exists that the extrachromosomal elements, which have been shown to exist in Escherichia coli, might represent part of an evolutionary spectrum. In such a spectrum, bacteriocins might occupy one end, and virulent bacteriophages, which possess an organized complex structure, take up the opposite end. The deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) of temperate bacteriophages have similar nearest-neighbor base frequencies or contain a proportion of base sequences in common with the host DNA. This homology between the regions of the viral and host genomes supports the concept that temperate bacteriophages might have evolved when a segment of the host genome acquired the ability to control its own duplication. The B. subtilis strains that have been studied harbor a variety of viruses that can be described as highly defective lysogenic bacteriophages.
Logical Analysis of Formative Measurement

This paper applies deductive logic to two fundamental premises of formative measurement: that formative constructs are linear combinations of their indicators, and that they have linear effects on their outcomes. These premises lead to several important conclusions: (1) Formative constructs are determined as much by their outcomes as by their indicators; (2) formative constructs completely mediate the effects of their indicators on their outcomes; (3) using reflective indicators as outcomes in formative models does not test the formative conceptualization; (4) the formative disturbance term plays no meaningful role in estimating or interpreting formative models; (5) formative models need not account for the correlations between the outcome variables, and (6) allowing correlated measurement errors between the outcomes make formative measurement models equivalent to canonical correlation analyses such that (7) the causal influences and roles of indicators versus outcomes are ambiguous. These results logically call for changes in how researchers conceptualize, analyze, and interpret formative measurement models.
Toward connected personal healthcare: Keynote address

Modern healthcare systems are still struggling to provide patient-centered healthcare instead of clinician-centered, as it is essential to implement major aspects of modern healthcare such as continuity of care, evidence-based treatment and more importantly preventing medical mistakes. In order to implement patient-centered, it is necessary to collect all the relevant clinical /non-clinical data for each patient and make those available at the time of needs. However, such task requires lots of personal effort and the coordination from the care givers so it is not being done properly. In this talk, Ill present medical sensor and cloud based personal clinical data collection, analysis, and patient education based on the collected data. The collection of such clinical data will be stored in the personal health record system and make it available for query and update so it can be helpful in making important medical decisions. Ill also discuss about the barriers in personal health record adoption and how to lift such barriers so patient-centered healthcare may be possible.
An examination of showups conducted by law enforcement using a field-simulation paradigm.

While there is a growing body of research examining the relatively "cold," cognitive decision-making components of showups, few attempts have been made to capture the "hot" affective components of showups that are thought to exacerbate the suggestiveness of the procedure. In 3 simulated-field experiments, we partnered with law enforcement to examine how participants who were led to believe they were involved in an actual criminal investigation (Field-simulation condition) differed from participants who knew they were not part of an actual investigation (Lab-simulation condition). We staged crimes for both conditions, but in the field-simulation condition, law enforcement personnel carried out mock investigations that culminated with a live showup. In Experiment 1 (N = 321), which did not include a culprit-present condition, the field-simulation condition increased innocent suspect identifications. The standard showup admonition decreased innocent suspect identifications, but only for dissimilar innocent suspects. Experiment 2 (N = 196) added a culprit-present condition and found that the field-simulation condition increased innocent suspect and culprit identifications to a similar extent. Experiment 3 (N = 367) replicated the findings of Experiment 2 and examined the impact of admonishing eyewitnesses that if they did not believe the suspect was the culprit, they might have additional opportunities to make an identification. Confidence-accuracy calibration analyses revealed that confidence discriminated accurate from inaccurate identifications in the field, but not in the lab; however, eyewitnesses who made identifications in the field were overconfident and across all levels of confidence were less likely to be correct than eyewitnesses who made identifications in the lab.
W Te 2 thin films grown by beam-interrupted molecular beam epitaxy

The growth of WTe2 thin films by molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated for the first time on a variety of 2D substrates including MoS2, Bi2Te3, and graphite. We demonstrate that beam interruption of the metal source enables the growth of crystalline WTe2 films in the distorted octahedral (1T') phase. As a result of the van der Waals nature of this material, a sharp interface between the WTe2 thin film and the substrate is shown with no evidence of misfit dislocations. In addition, the buckled structure expected for the semi-metallic 1T' phase is observed with transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy further confirms the growth of the 1T' phase and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the films to be stoichiometric and semi-metallic as expected.
Measure for Measure: An Examination of the Association between Forecast Accuracy and Recommendation Profitability of Sell-side Analysts

We examine whether more accurate earnings forecasters make more profitable recommendations. First, we establish that this relation holds only for firms with value-relevant earnings. Next, using a sample of firms with value-relevant earnings, we find that potentially conflicted analysts (i.e. those employed by brokerages with investment banking business) who make more accurate earnings forecasts also tend to have higher recommendation profitability. The positive relation between earnings forecasts accuracy and recommendation profitability for potentially conflicted analysts does vary when we partition the sample based on intensity of potential conflict, measured based on importance of investment banking business for the brokerage firm. In contrast when we analyze by the type of recommendation, we find evidence of conflict of incentives for analysts for Buy recommendations. In case of Hold recommendations the relation is forecast accuracy and recommendation profitability is positive only when these are treated as Sell recommendations. Finally, when we examine the effect of regulatory initiatives aimed at mitigating the analyst conflicts of interest, its main effect appears to be in improving the integrity of recommendations, especially Hold recommendations, since these no longer are a proxy for Sell recommendations.
Foldability of a Natural De Novo Evolved Protein

Summary The de novo evolution of protein-coding genes from noncoding DNA is emerging as a source of molecular innovation in biology. Studies of random sequence libraries, however, suggest that young de novo proteins will not fold into compact, specific structures typical of native globular proteins. Here we show that Bsc4, a functional, natural de novo protein encoded by a gene that evolved recently from noncoding DNA in the yeast S. cerevisiae , folds to a partially specific three-dimensional structure. Bsc4 forms soluble, compact oligomers with high β sheet content and a hydrophobic core, and undergoes cooperative, reversible denaturation. Bsc4 lacks a specific quaternary state, however, existing instead as a continuous distribution of oligomer sizes, and binds dyes indicative of amyloid oligomers or molten globules. The combination of native-like and non-native-like properties suggests a rudimentary fold that could potentially act as a functional intermediate in the emergence of new folded proteins de novo .
Experiential Learning and Value Co-Creation in the Classroom: A New Examination Using Social Media Monitoring

Recent research has explored maximizing value in classrooms through experiential learning to focus on longer-term positive benefits for students such as intellectual development, cognitive enhancement, and improved attitudes. One way to emphasize longer-term benefits is through implementing experiential learning and allowing students to co-create value in their education. In marketing, value co-creation assumes consumers’ active participation in creation of value together with the firm. A recent review outlines core elements of value co-creation to include (1) coproduction and (2) value-in-use. Value-in-use extends beyond coproduction to focus on the customer’s experiential evaluation of the product/service proposition beyond functional attributes to apply their own meaning to generate usage value. As such, value co-creation can readily take place in the classroom by giving students the opportunity to co-create their educational experience. Students are given the opportunity to take the ownership of the project and derive meaningful and transformative learning that leads to personalized value-in-use of the new skills they acquire. In this paper, we detail our experiential learning class project that allowed us to observe value co-creation in the classroom.
Self-Reflection and the Coalitional Praxis of (Dis)Integration

AbstractIn “Unsettling the Privilege of Self-Reflexivity,” Andrea Smith argues that self-reflection is a deterrent to coalitional work and that in doing the work we will transform ourselves into co...
A novel 3D printed phantom for standard characterization of photoacoustic contrast agents (Conference Presentation)

We report a novel yet simple 3D-printed tubing holder for characterizing photoacoustic contrast agents. This device supports up to 12 plastic tubing with sample-to-sample spacing as low as 0.3 mm and provides a consistent distance (± 0.12 mm) between the tubing and the transducer, which is critical for validating photoacoustic contrast agents. An immersion media containing both 40% India ink and lipid that mimics tissue scattered the incident irradiation. We further studied different types of tubing and distance between tubing and transducer. Statistical analysis shows that tubing with a larger outside diameter has more inherent signal, and the signal decayed following a linear relationship (R2=0.997) with respect to distance from the laser focal point. We finally provide a computer-assisted drafting code for the community to customize and print their own phantoms.
“Like precious gold”: Recreation in the lives of low-income committed couples

Financial stress can heighten pressure and conflict within couple relationships. Recreation participation has the potential to alleviate stress and deepen relational bonds. Drawing on data from sem...
Temperature and photoperiod drive spring phenology across all species in a temperate forest community

Accurate predictions of spring plant phenology with climate change are critical for projections of growing seasons, plant communities and a number of ecosystem services, including carbon storage. Progress towards prediction, however, has been slow because the major cues known to drive phenology - temperature (including winter chilling and spring forcing) and photoperiod - generally covary in nature and may interact, making accurate predictions of plant responses to climate change complex and nonlinear. Alternatively, recent work suggests many species may be dominated by one cue, which would make predictions much simpler. Here, we manipulated all three cues across 28 woody species from two North American forests. All species responded to all cues examined. Chilling exerted a strong effect, especially on budburst (-15.8 d), with responses to forcing and photoperiod greatest for leafout (-19.1 and -11.2 d, respectively). Interactions between chilling and forcing suggest that each cue may compensate somewhat for the other. Cues varied across species, leading to staggered leafout within each community and supporting the idea that phenology is a critical aspect of species' temporal niches. Our results suggest that predicting the spring phenology of communities will be difficult, as all species we studied could have complex, nonlinear responses to future warming.
Population Dynamics of Young-of-the-Year Fish in a Reservoir Receiving Heated Effluent

ABSTRACT Limnetic young-of-the-year fish populations were sampled by trawl in 1973, before significant heated discharges began from a South Carolina nuclear power plant, and in 1974–1976, after the plant was in operation. Three endemic forms were yellow perch (Perea flavescens) , black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus ), and sunfishes (mostly bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus ). Threadfin shad ( Dorosoma petenense ) were introduced in early 1974 and were included in the study. Increases in water temperatures were in direct proportion to the amount of power generated by the plant and were greatest in the deeper water. Catches of yellow perch, black crappies, and sunfishes declined between 1973 and 1975. Catches of yellow perch and black crappies were highest at the control station and lowest at the heated water discharge. Sunfish catches were low at all sampling stations after power generation began, but it is unclear whether the decrease in numbers resulted from aging of the reservoir and other natural changes or from the man-induced increase in water temperatures. Threadfin shad catches did not change noticeably during the study.
Technical note: a radioimmunoassay for porcine retinol binding protein.

This report describes a RIA for porcine retinol binding protein (RBP) that has been validated for measurement of RBP concentrations as low as 10 ng/mL in serum, follicular fluid, uterine flushings, allantoic fluid, and endometrial and uterine tissue culture medium. The increasing displacement of porcine [125I]RBP resulting from decreasing dilutions of each sample was parallel to the standard curve, and exogenous RBP added to samples was accurately measured with the assay. To examine specificity, 1-mL samples of serum, uterine flushings, follicular fluid, and allantoic fluid were subjected to G-100 Sephadex chromatography, and the fractions were assayed for RBP with the RIA and for fluorescence, which detects retinol bound to RBP. The RBP measured with the RIA and the fluorescent fractions coeluted. Samples of uterine flushings in which RBP was measured using immunoblotting and densitometry were also assayed with the RIA. The measurements using the two methods were correlated (r = .84, P < .01). These results are evidence that the assay is specific for RBP. The limit of detection of the assay was .46 ng. The RIA should facilitate the study of RBP function and the control of its secretion by various tissues in pigs.
Investigation of Atrazine Sorption to Biochar With Titration Calorimetry and Flow-Through Analysis: Implications for Design of Pollution-Control Structures.

Atrazine is one of the most common broad-leaf herbicides used in the world. However, due to extensive use for many years, atrazine often appears in surface and groundwater. Atrazine transport is inhibited by degradation or sorption to soil components, especially organic matter. Biochar is a charcoal-like material produced from pyrolysis of biomass. Due to the amount and type of functional groups found on biochar, this product has shown potential for sorption of atrazine from solution. There is an interest in developing best management practices utilizing biochar to filter atrazine from non-point drainage with pollution-control structures such as blind-inlets. The objective of this study was to explore the kinetics and thermodynamics of atrazine sorption to biochar using two different approaches: flow-through sorption cells and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). 25 mg of an oak (Quercus spp)-derived biochar was suspended in water and titrated twenty-five times (0.01 mL per titration) with atrazine at three different concentrations, and by a single titration (0.25 mL), with heat of reaction directly measured with ITC. A benchtop atrazine sorption study that simulated the titration experiment was also conducted. A continuous flow-through system was used to quantify the impact of contact time on atrazine sorption to biochar. Atrazine sorption to biochar displayed both exothermic and endothermic signals within each titration, although the net reaction was exothermic and proportional to the degree of sorption. Net enthalpy was 4231 kJ mole-1 atrazine sorbed. The existence of both exotherms and endotherms within a single titration, plus observation of an initial fast reaction phase from 0-300 seconds followed by a slower phase, suggested multiple sorption mechanisms to biochar. Results of flow-through tests supported kinetics observations, with the 300-sec contact time removing much more atrazine compared to 45 sec, while 600 sec improved little compared to 300 sec. Based on flow-through results, annual atrazine removal goal of 50%, and typical Midwestern U.S. tile drainage conditions, a pollution-control structure implementing this biochar sample would require 32 and 4 Mg for a design utilizing a contact time of 45 and 300 seconds, respectively. Future work is necessary for estimating degradation of atrazine sorbed to biochar.
Scintillation properties and increased vacancy formation in cerium and calcium co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet

Abstract Co-doping with divalent elements is known to improve the light yield and decay times of some cerium-activated scintillators, despite the stabilization of tetravalent Ce4+, previously believed to be non-luminescent, from the Ce3+ state. Ce4+ stabilization is a charge compensation mechanism which results from divalent ion substitution of a 3 + site. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, which remain poorly understood, we have grown three Ce,Ca:YAG crystals with different amounts of calcium co-dopants by the Czochralski method and characterized their scintillation and defect properties. Calcium co-doping reduces the decay times and stabilizes the formation of Ce4+ as expected. Interestingly, X-ray fluorescence analysis reveals a decreased concentration of cerium within the YAG crystal for the sample doped with high levels of Ca, which could contribute to the observation that scintillator properties are improved only for low levels of Ca co-doping. Additionally, positron annihilation spectroscopy reveals an increase in the concentration of vacancies with increasing Ca concentration, while thermoluminescence is observed to show no detectable signal. Furthermore, room temperature photoluminescence of the Ce 4f to 5d1 transition demonstrates decreased emission with increasing Ca co-doping. These data suggest that Ca co-doping decreases the decay time by creating defects with non-radiative decay pathways.
Hyperosmotic intraventricular drug delivery of DV1 in the management of intracranial metastatic breast cancer in a mouse model.

Abstract Advances in therapies for breast cancer with cerebral metastases has been slow, despite this being a common diagnosis, due to limited drug delivery by the blood brain barrier. Improvements in drug delivery for brain metastasis to target the metastases and bypass the blood brain barrier are necessary. In our study, we delivered an inhibitor of chemokine receptor 4 by convection enhanced delivery in a hyperosmotic solution to prevent brain metastasis in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. We found the inhibitor limited metastatic disease and more interestingly, the hyperosmotic solution targeted tumor tissue allowing for a higher accumulation of the therapy into tumor tissue. This finding has the potential to improve delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to brain metastases.
Histopathological characteristics and causes of kidney graft failure in the current era of immunosuppression.

Histopathological characteristics and causes of kidney graft failure in the current era of immunosuppression
Hierarchical spatial-temporal modeling and monitoring of melt pool evolution in laser-based additive manufacturing

Melt pool dynamics reflect the formulation of microstructural defects in parts during Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing (LBAM). The thermal images of the melt pool collected during the LBAM proces...
Abstract 214: The Association of Surgeon Experience With Expected Mortality of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in New York State

Purpose: Public reporting of surgical outcomes can promote quality improvement. However, this could also incentivize surgeons to avoid high-risk patients. Senior surgeons, with established referral...
SAR of Non-Hydrolysable Analogs of Pyridoxal 5’-Phosphate Against Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Isoforms

Abstract Kinases and phosphatases are key enzymes in cell signal transduction pathways. Imbalances in these enzymes have been linked to numerous disease states ranging from cancer to diabetes to autoimmune disorders. The two isoforms (IFA and IFB) of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMW-PTP) appear to play a role in these diseases. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) has been shown to act as a potent but, impractical micromolar inhibitor for both isoforms. In this study, a series of non-hydrolysable phosphonate analogs of PLP were designed, synthesized and tested against the two isoforms of LMW-PTP. Assay results demonstrated that the best inhibitor for both isoforms was compound 5 with a Kis of 1.84 μM (IFA) and 15.6 μM (IFB). The most selective inhibitor was compound 16, with a selectivity of roughly 370-fold for IFA over IFB.
Modified gravity and the black hole mass gap

We pioneer the black hole mass gap as a powerful new tool for constraining modified gravity theories. These theories predict fifth forces that alter the structure and evolution of population-III stars, exacerbating the pair-instability. This results in the formation of lighter astrophysical black holes and lowers both the upper and lower edges of the mass gap. These effects are explored using detailed numerical simulations to derive quantitative predictions that can be used as theoretical inputs for Bayesian data analysis. We discuss detection strategies in light of current and upcoming data as well as complications that may arise due to environmental screening. To demonstrate the constraining power of the mass gap, we present a novel test of the strong equivalence principle where we apply our results to an analysis of the first ten LIGO/Virgo binary black hole merger events to obtain a 7% bound on the relative difference between the gravitational constant experienced by baryonic matter, and that experienced by black holes, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}G/G$. The recent GW190521 event resulting from two black holes with masses in the canonical mass gap can be explained by modified gravity if the event originated from an unscreened galaxy where the strength of gravity is either enhanced or reduced by $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ relative to its strength in the Solar System.
Transient vs persistent subclinical hypocalcemia

Decreased blood calcium (Ca) concentration in the early postpartum period, often diagnosed as subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH), is a common occurrence in Holstein cows. Our objectives were to evaluate the association of SCH duration with the risk of early lactation negative events and milk production.
Turning Students into Social Practitioners and Neighborhood Youths and Young Adults into Project Assistants: Arts-Driven, Heritage-Based, Urban Revitalization, and Social Practice (Part 2)

In “Public Sculpture Exhibitions in Neighborhoods: Arts-Driven, Heritage-Based, Urban Revitalization and Social Practice,” I demonstrated how public sculpture exhibitions in marginalized neighborhoods can, ethically, achieve economic and community development and cultural enrichment outcomes for cities and realize diversity and cultural enrichment goals of museums and sculpture parks. In this case study, I address integrating students with different skillsets and knowledge bases into planning and implementation of the exhibitions; secondly, helping students transition into social practitioners and collaborative citizens who can engage with diverse populations; and finally, training youths (ages 14–17) and young adults (ages 18–19) to be docents at the exhibition openings.
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Seek Out Tactile Interaction with Humans: General Patterns and Individual Differences.

The study of human–animal interactions has provided insights into the welfare of many species. To date, however, research has largely focused on human relationships with captive mammals, with relatively little exploration of interactions between humans and other vertebrates, despite non-mammals constituting the vast majority of animals currently living under human management. With this study, we aimed to address this gap in knowledge by investigating human–fish interactions at a community garden/aquaponics learning-center that is home to approximately 150 goldfish (Carassius auratus) and seven adult and two juvenile koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus). After a habituation period (July–September 2019) during which time the fish were regularly provided with the opportunity to engage with the researcher’s submerged hand, but were not forced to interact with the researcher, we collected video data on 10 non-consecutive study days during the month of October. This procedure produced 18~20-min interaction sessions, 10 during T1 (when the experimenter first arrived and the fish had not been fed) and eight during T2 (20–30 min after the fish had been fed to satiation; two sessions of which were lost due equipment malfunction). Interactions between the researcher and the seven adult koi were coded from video based on location (within reach, on the periphery, or out of reach from the researcher) and instances of physical, tactile interaction. Analyses revealed that overall, koi spent more time than expected within reach of the researcher during both T1 (p < 0.02) and T2 (p < 0.03). There were also substantial differences between individuals’ overall propensity for being within-reach and engaging in physical interaction. These results show that koi will voluntarily interact with humans and that individual koi display unique and consistent patterns of interaction. By providing quantitative data to support anecdotal claims that such relationships exist around the world, this research contributes to the ongoing discoveries highlighting the profound dissonance between how humans think about and treat fish and who fish actually are, thereby emphasizing the necessity of stronger moral and legal protections for fishes.
Robustness of Discretization in Digital Adiabatic Simulation

The simulation of adiabatic evolution has deep connections with Adiabatic Quantum Computation, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and adiabatic state preparation. Here we address the error analysis problem in quantum simulation of adiabatic process using Trotter formulas. We show that with additional conditions, the circuit depth can be linear in simulation time $T$. The improvement comes from the observation that the fidelity error here can't be estimated by the norm distance between evolution operators. This phenomenon is termed as the robustness of discretization in digital adiabatic simulation. It can be explained in three steps, from analytical and numerical evidence: 1. the fidelity error should be estimated by applying adiabatic theorem on the effective Hamiltonian instead. 2. because of the specialty of Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, most adiabatic process is naturally robust against discretization. 3. as the Trotter step gets larger, the spectral gap of effective Hamiltonian tends to close, which results in the failure of digital adiabatic simulation.
Lifetime risk and correlates of incarceration in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with non-substance-related mental illness

High rates of psychiatric disorders in correctional facilities have fueled widespread concern about the “criminalization of mental illness.” While the link between incarceration, substance abuse, and antisocial-personality disorder is well established, the relationship between non-substance-related psychiatric disorders and incarceration has not been thoroughly investigated. This study examines the association of mental illness, excluding substance use disorders, with risk for incarceration in US adults. Nationally representative data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) were used to compare the proportions of respondents with lifetime incarceration among those with no lifetime history of DSM-5 disorders, or with lifetime history of mental illness, substance use disorders, dual diagnosis, and antisocial personality/conduct disorder. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the independent association of incarceration with mental illness alone, both in comparison to and net of associations with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Among adults with mental illness alone, 6.7% reported past incarceration, compared to 4.8% with no history of DSM-5 disorders, and 20–40% in other DSM-5 diagnostic groups. Sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors were more strongly associated with incarceration (c-statistics = 0.74 and 0.77, respectively), than mental illness (c-statistic = 0.56). Schizophrenia or other psychoses and borderline personality disorder were independently associated with incarceration, but with effect sizes no greater than eight other sociodemographic or behavioral risk factors. A weak association of mental illness alone with incarceration was found, despite high level of public attention to “criminalization of mental illness.”