cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HEMODIALYSIS WITH ACETATE VS BICARBONATE ON PLASMA LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN UREMIC PATIENTS

A group of 18 stable hemodialysis patients were dialyzed alternately for 4 week periods against acetate or bicarbonate solutions. Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and the content of these lipids in the VLDL, LDL, and HDL lipoprotein fractions were not significantly different when these dialysis periods were compared. When patients were subgrouped according to whether they were norm or hypertriglyceridemic or whether they had an adequate or deficient 1ipolytic response to heparin infusion, there were also no differences apparent between the acetate vs. bicarbonate dialysis periods. The data indicates, therefore, that acetate is probably not a contributory factor to the hypertriglyceridemias observed in some chronic hemodialysis patients.
Mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline Cu and Pd

This report gives results of a study of the bulk mechanical properties of samples of nanocrystalline Cu and Pd consolidated from powders prepared by inert gas condensation. Fourier analysis x-ray diffraction techniques, used to determine average grain size and mean lattice strains of the as-consolidated samples, show grain sizes in the range of 3–50 nm and lattice strains ranging from 0.02–3%. Sample densities range from 97–72% of the density of a coarse-grained standard. Microhardness of the nanocrystalline samples exceeds that of annealed, coarse-grained samples by a factor of 2–5, despite indications that sample porosity reduces hardness values below the ultimate value. Uniaxial tensile strength of the nanocrystalline samples is similarly elevated above the value of the coarse-grained standard samples. Restrictions on dislocation generation and mobility imposed by ultrafine grain size are believed to be the dominant factor in raising strength. Residual stress may also play a role. Room temperature diffusional creep, predicted to be appreciable in nanocrystalline samples, was not found. Instead, samples appear to show logarithmic creep that is much smaller than the predicted Coble creep.
Balanced Asphalt Mixture Design Through Specification Modification: Louisiana’s Experience

Traditional asphalt mixture design practices recognize the need for laboratory parameters, which relate to field performance throughout the life of the pavement. However, many design methodologies consider volumetric proportions and strength characteristics of the mixtures, which may not provide adequate insight into mixture performance. Laboratory testing that can ascertain an asphalt mixture's capability to resist common distresses is needed to complement current design methodologies. Distresses commonly associated with flexible pavement failure are fatigue cracking and permanent deformation (rutting). The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development proposed specification modifications for 2013 to address the need for balanced mixtures (i.e., mechanistic laboratory evaluation to complement volumetric criteria). This paper presents Louisiana's experience with specification modifications to develop a balanced mixture as evaluated through the use of the Hamburg loaded wheel tester (HLWT) and sem...
ATOMIC ENHANCEMENTS IN THE DETECTION OF AXIONS

Proposed bolometric and supercolloidal detectors can measure energy depositions of the order of atomic energies. At these energies, atomic bound state effects lead to great enhancements in the detection of absorbable weakly interacting particles. In this paper we compute these enhancements taking into account all Coulomb effects for nonrelativistic electrons. As an example, we show that solar axions could give event rates 104−105 times larger than published neutrino detector design capabilities. Thus, relatively small detectors might see solar axions.
The Last Interglacial: Paleotemperatures and Chronology

The O(18)/O(16) analysis and Th(230)/Pa(231) dating of deep-sea cores showed that the last interglacial age, with an early major temperature maximum followed by two smaller ones, extended from 100,000 to 70,000 years ago and was preceded by a glacial age extending from 120,000 to 100,000 years ago. The O(18)/O(16) analysis and Th(230)/U(234) dating of speleothems confirm and refine these ages.
Digital backchannels in shared physical spaces: attention, intention and contention

There are a variety of digital tools for enabling people who are separated by time and space to communicate and collaborate on shared interests and tasks. The widespread use of some of these tools, such as instant messaging and group chat, coupled with the increasingly widespread availability of wireless access to the Internet (WiFi), have created new opportunities for using these collaboration tools by people sharing physical spaces in real time. The use of these tools to augment face-to-face meetings has created benefits for some participants and distractions-and detractions-for others. Our panelists will discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of these emerging uses of collaborative tools.
The Making of American Audiences: From Stage to Television, 1750–1990

(2002). The Making of American Audiences: From Stage to Television, 1750–1990. Ethics, Place & Environment: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 285-287.
CALCULATIONS OF NEUTRON CAPTURE CROSS SECTIONS

Neutron capture cross sections are calculated for a number of target nuclei using the statistical theory of nuclear reactions. These calculations are compared with experiment. The different shapes of these capture cross sections as a function of energy are explained in terms of the effect of higher incident neutron partial waves and the competition from inelastic scattering. Using the measured capture sections it is seen that considerable information can be extracted concerning properties of the target and compound nuclei.
Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on phospholipid composition and calcium transport in mouse cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum

The effects of dietary n−3 and n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid, Ca++· Mg++ ATPase and Ca++ transport activities of mouse sarcoplasmic reticulum were investigated. Mice were fed a 2 weight percent fat diet containing either 0.5 weight percent ethyl esters of 18∶3n−3, 20∶5n−3 or 22∶6n−3 as a source of n−3 polyusaturated fatty acid or 0.5 weight percent safflower oil as a cource of n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acid for 10 days. Olive oil (2 weight percent) was used as a control diet. Although feeding n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acid induced very little modifications of the phospholipid sarcoplasmic reticulum fatty acid composition, feeding n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid altered it markedly. Inclusion of 18∶−3, 20∶5n−3 or 22∶6n−3 in the diet caused an accumulation of 22∶6n−3, which replaced 20∶4n−6 and 18∶2n−6 in phospholipid sarcoplasmic reticulum. The saturated fatty acids were significantly increased with a concurrent reduction of 18∶1n−9. These changes in the fatty acid composition resulted in a decrease in the values of the n−6/n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and a decrease in the ratio of 20 carbon to 22 carbon fatty acids esterified in the phospholipid sarcoplasmic reticulum. This was associated with a decrease in Ca++ uptake by n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles as compared with n−6 fatty acid and control diet sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. However, neither the affinity for Ca++ nor the maximal velocity of ATP hydrolysis activity of Ca++·MG++ ATPase were altered by the different diets. The data suggest that the incorporation of 22∶6n−3 and/or the decrease of 20∶4n−6 plus 18∶2n−6 in the phospholipid sarcoplasmic reticulum may affect the membrane lipid bilayer structure and make it more permeable to Ca++.
Library OPAC vendors and the Web: Innopac, Ameritech, DRA

Describes the development of New York University’s Web site from a designer’s viewpoint. Outlines issues facing Internet information providers.
Icarus and Daedalus: conceptual and tactical lessons for marine ecosystem‐based management

A growing realization that the oceans are being degraded has led to calls for a fundamental shift in the management of activities that affect marine ecosystems. Insights from research in coastal marine ecosystems will help shape policies that consider interactions between ecosystem components. The concept of connections is central to coastal marine ecology. Connections between: (1) ecosystem structure and functioning; (2) land and sea; (3) marine habitats; (4) species; (5) diverse stressors; and (6) knowledge and uncertainty are of particular importance. These linkages provide conceptual and tactical guidance to inform the transition to ecosystem-based management for the oceans. Conceptual guidance includes recognizing of linkages, expecting of surprises, and avoiding hubris in management. Tactical guidance includes managing coastal systems at watershed scales, emphasizing monitoring, using area-based management, and incorporating the recognition of uncertainties into decision-making. Ultimately, successf...
Expression, glycosylation and secretion of phaseolin in a baculovirus system

In this report, we describe the efficient expression and glycosylation, in insect cells, of β-phaseolin polypeptides (M r 45 and 48 kDa) from Phaseolus vulgaris, by means of a baculovirus expression vector. N-terminal sequence analysis demonstrated that the signal peptide was efficiently processed. Tunicamycin treatment suppressed both phaseolin bands seen in untreated or control cells, and resulted in a single species (M r 43 kDa). We provide evidence that the observed size heterogeneity arises by asymmetric glycosylation of a single, high-molecular weight precursor. These results also indicate that differential glycosylation of phaseolin polypeptides can occur on the product of a single gene, and, in that sense, is not dependent on amino acid sequence variations. Phaseolin accumulates to a very high level (90 µg/106 cells), 90% of it being secreted into the culture medium. Immuno-gold staining and electron microscopy demonstrated phaseolin polypeptides in electron-dense, membrane-bound vesicles seen at the periphery of the cytoplasm of infect cells and in cytoplasmic multivesicular bodies. The effect on protein accumulation of a single-basepair transversion (G»C) at position +6 is also described. This study constitutes, to our knowledge, one of the first instances of a plant protein being expressed in insect cells and suggests possible differences in the sorting mechanisms of glycoproteins from legume seeds and those from Spodoptera frugiperda cell line Sf9.
The impact of neuraxial analgesia on the progress and outcome of labor

Abstract Epidural analgesia is an extremely popular form of labor pain relief. This popularity has led to careful examination of the effects of epidural analgesia on labor progress and outcome. Given the current widespread use of epidural labor analgesia, relatively small effects on the progress and outcome of labor could have major public health consequences. Factors that produce dysfunctional labor increase labor pain. Retrospective studies show an association between the use of epidural analgesia and cesarean section. However, the highest quality evidence, randomized trials and impact studies, find no effect of epidural analgesia on the cesarean delivery rate. Epidural analgesia may influence the incidence of operative vaginal delivery. Epidural group patients in randomized trials have longer second-stage labors and receive more oxytocin than parenteral opioid group patients. First-stage labor tends to be longer in epidural group patients but the difference is not statistically significant. Theories for these labor speed differences abound. For unknown reasons, maternal hyperthermia is more common in epidural than in opioid group patients. Epidural analgesia has no negative impact on the delivery room condition of the neonate. Patients receiving epidural analgesia report better pain relief and more satisfaction than patients receiving opioid labor analgesia. Epidural analgesia may slow labor speed but has minimal effect on labor outcome.
Estimation of physiological parameters using knowledge-based factor analysis of dynamic nuclear medicine image sequences

We have previously developed a knowledge-based method of factor analysis to analyze dynamic nuclear medicine image sequences. In this paper, we analyze dynamic PET cerebral glucose metabolism and neuroreceptor binding studies. These methods have shown the ability to reduce the dimensionality of the data, enhance the image quality of the sequence, and generate meaningful functional images and their corresponding physiological time functions. The new information produced by the factor analysis has now been used to improve the estimation of various physiological parameters. A principal component analysis (PCA) is first performed to identify statistically significant temporal variations and remove the uncorrelated variations (noise) due to Poisson counting statistics. The statistically significant principal components are then used to reconstruct a noise-reduced image sequence as well as provide an initial solution for the factor analysis. Prior knowledge such as the compartmental models or the requirement of positivity and simple structure can be used to constrain the analysis. These constraints are used to rotate the factors to the most physically and physiologically realistic solution. The final result is a small number of time functions (factors) representing the underlying physiologic processes and their associated weighting images representing the spatial localization of these functions. Estimation of physiological parameters can then be performed using the noise-reduced image sequence generated from the statistically significant PCs and/or the final factor images and time functions. These results are compared to the parameter estimation using standard methods and the original raw image sequences. Graphical analysis was performed at the pixel level to generate comparable parametric images of the slope and intercept (influx constant and distribution volume).
Texture Analysis of Quartz in a Granite Mylonite byEBSP-Orientation Imaging Microscopy

The crystallographic preferred orientation (texture) of the quartz phase in a mylonitic leucogranite from the Santa Rosa mylonite zone was investigated using automated analysis of electron backscattering patterns (EBSP) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The separation of the quartz diffraction patterns from patterns of other constituents (feldspar, mica, etc.) in this polymineralic rock was achieved using an image quality parameter. The quartz phase displays a texture typical for high temperature mylonites (c-axis maximum in the intermediate strain direction). The misorientation distribution between next neighbors is dominated by Dauphine twins.
A constructive characterization of the split closure of a mixed integer linear program

Two independent proofs of the polyhedrality of the split closure of mixed integer linear program have been previously presented. Unfortunately neither of these proofs is constructive. In this paper, we present a constructive version of this proof. We also show that split cuts dominate a family of inequalities introduced by Koppe and Weismantel.
Pipelined time-division multiplexing optical bus with conditional delays

A new pipelined time-division multiplexing optical bus for implementing a linear-array parallel computer architecture is proposed. In this system, switches are introduced on the receiving segment of the bus to control the signal delays on the optical waveguide. The states of switches are dynamically programmable under the control of processors according to computation needs. In conjunction with coincident pulse processor addressing technique, the reconfigurability of signal delays becomes an integral part of parallel computation, as demonstrated by parallel algorithm design examples. The linear processor arrays based on such buses can be used as building blocks to construct parallel architectures of higher dimensions to achieve improved scalability and performance.
A small fluorophore reporter of protein conformation and redox state

A new thiol-specific reagent introduces a small bis(methylamino)terephthalic acid fluorophore into proteins. The noninvasive probe with distinct spectroscopic properties offers many advantages for protein labeling, purification, and mechanistic work promising to serve as a powerful tool in studies of protein folding and heme redox reactions.
Managing very poor adherence to medication in children and adolescents : An inpatient intervention

Poor adherence with medical care is a relatively common problem in pediatric patients, with potentially serious side-effects. This article describes a four-phase inpatient intervention program for such cases. Patients are first identified and admitted to the unit: careful preparation is essential in this phase. In the assessment phase, factors related to the illness and treatment regimen, as well as characteristics of the individual child and family, are evaluated to determine their contributions to the adherence problem. In the third phase, an intervention program is implemented, consisting of: (i) education of the patient and family regarding the illness and medical regimen; (ii) improvement of self-management skills; (iii) behavioral intervention using contingent reinforcement; and (iv) treatment of additional barriers to adherence such as psychopathology and family dynamics. The fourth phase focuses on transfer of care to home through gradually increasing the patient’s and family’s responsibility for ...
Supporting mobile multimedia in integrated services networks

Owing to widespread user mobility, limited radio resources, and changing network characteristics, supporting multimedia communications in a mobile internetworking environment is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present an `adaptive reserved service' framework for use in integrated services networks to support mobile connections carrying multimedia traffic. Integrated in the framework are an anticipatory handoff control mechanism which enables fast handoff, and an adaptive link partitioning scheme which enhances handoff success. Besides, bandwidth reservations in the wireline network are dynamically adjusted based on resource availability in the wireless networks. An accompanying reservation protocol not only facilitates distributed control of mobile connections but also provides network feedback to mobile hosts.
Bacteriophage T4 RegA protein binds to the Shine-Dalgarno region of gene 44 mRNA

We have overproduced and purified wild type regA protein, a translational repressor encoded by bacteriophage T4. The repressor activity of the cloned regA protein has been tested on four known regA target genes (T4 genes: 44, 45, rpbA and regA) using in vitro coupled transcription-translation reactions. We have demonstrated the sensitivity of two additional T4 genes coding for alpha- and beta-glucosyltransferases to regA protein in vitro. The regA target site on the gene 44 messenger RNA has been identified through deletion analysis and RNase protection assays, using plasmids containing gene 44-lacZ fusions. The effect of regA protein on expression of 44P-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins was assayed in vitro, in coupled transcription-translation reactions. Analysis of deletion mutants of gene 44-lacZ localized the regA recognition region to between nucleotides -11 and +9 of the mRNA. RNase protection assays of g44-lacZ transcripts further defined the site of regA protein interaction to between nucleotides -10 and +2 of the mRNA. This region overlaps the gene 44 Shine-Dalgarno region and the A and U of the initiation codon.
Increasing Breastfeeding in WIC Participants: Cost of Formula as a Motivator

Abstract Objective To assess the cost of infant formula, explore mothers' perceptions of formula cost, and assess whether cost influences the decision to breastfeed. Methods A mixed-methodological descriptive study with survey (phase 1) and interviews (phase 2) was completed in Rhode Island Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) offices. Thirty non-breastfeeding mothers participated in phase 1 and 14 pregnant women participated in phase 2. Means and frequencies were calculated for phase 1. For phase 2, data were organized into matrices and thematic analysis identified key themes. Results Non-breastfeeding mothers were spending an extra $46 a month on average in their child's fourth month on formula beyond the formula supplied by WIC. This was perceived as high, but formula cost did not influence their decision to breastfeed. For mothers intending to breastfeed, cost information was perceived as an additional motivation. Conclusions and Implications Information on supplemental formula cost could be provided as a motivator for women intending to breastfeed. Future research should investigate how cost information could be used to support breastfeeding initiation and duration among WIC mothers.
Vascular surgery and endovascular therapy.

This is an important review on vascular surgery for the general surgeon. Topics include work up, optimal medical management, non-atherosclerotic arterial diseases, claudication, critical limb ischemia, aneurismal diseases, mesenteric ischemia, vascular trauma, venous diseases, thromboembolic diseases, dialysis access, carotid artery occlusive disease, and more!
Comment on Direct Lepton Production

Recent data on observations of direct leptons produced in proton-proton collisions are analyzed. It is found that the large bulk of the data can be accounted for if the origin of the leptons is a low-mass, approx. (1 to 5) m/sub pi/, vector meson which decays weakly into $mu$+$nu$ and e+$nu$ symmetrically. The proposed object is produced and decays with a cross section times branching ratio of 10$sup -3$ of the pion production cross section. (AIP)
Phosphates, plowzones, and plazas: a minimally invasive approach to settlement structure of plowed village sites

Abstract Inferences about settlement structure play an important role in explanations of social and political change in Late Prehistoric eastern North America, but ethical and logistical challenges posed by extensive horizontal excavations mean that archaeologists must develop low cost, minimally invasive methods for investigating key properties of village structure. There are two important components of most villages in the region: 1) the peripheral distribution of middens; and 2) the size and location of formal communal spaces or plazas, each of which leaves traces in soil chemistry. In shallowly buried, plowed village sites where artifacts have been physically displaced, the chemical signature of middens may be more resistant to disturbance and provide an enduring signature of ancient settlement structure. We conducted a systematic soil phosphorus survey at the Reinhardt Site (33PI880) in central Ohio, the primary occupation of which occurred during the Late Prehistoric Period (ca. AD 1200–1450), to test for the presence and approximate size of a central plaza and the shape and distribution of peripheral midden deposits. Soil samples from the modern plowzone ( N = 131) were analyzed for Mehlich II extractable phosphorus using molybdate colorimetry. The interpolated phosphorus distributions indicate a clear ring midden approximately 90 m across with an internal plaza that is roughly 30 m × 40 m. Artifact distributions from a shovel test pit survey and interpolations of plowzone magnetic susceptibility measurements identify the location of the village but are ambiguous with regards to village size and do not clearly distinguish the central plaza. Our results suggest that systematic surveys of soil phosphorus are a rapid, minimally invasive, and inexpensive method for generating data on the size and shape of villages and their plazas.
Halite Pseudomorphs After Gypsum in Bedded Anhydrite--Clue to Gypsum-Anhydrite Relationships

ABSTRACT Halite pseudomorphs after gypsum crystals preserve depositional textures and record the early diagenetic history of anhydrite beds in cyclic Permian evaporites of the Texas Panhandle. The well-documented sedimentologic setting and good preservation of fabrics permit identification of a sequence of diagenetic processes in gypsum. Gypsum (rather than anhydrite) was the dominant sulfate precipitated, even at salinities near halite saturation. Large gypsum crystals grew vertically on floors of brine pools, surrounded by a matrix of autochthonous transported gypsum sand and silt. All gypsum has been diagenetically altered to anhydrite ± halite, but the diagenetic fabrics vary depending on position within regressive evaporite cycles. Because the composition and texture of the primary sediment were similar throughout the anhydrite bed, these different diagenetic fabrics are interpreted as the result of changes in the processes of replacement of gypsum by anhydrite and halite as the shallow burial environment became increasingly saline. In the lower parts of anhydrite beds, diagenesis in low-salinity brines favored obliteration of primary sedimentary structures by formation of nodules. In the middle parts of beds, introduction of high-salinity brine into the shallow burial environment favored alteration of gypsum to anhydrite and preservation of pseudomorphs after large gypsum crystals. At the top of anhydrite beds, introduction of halite-saturated brines into gypsum sediments on the floor of the brine pool resulted in pervasive replacement of gypsum by halite. Petrogr phic relationships indicate that most or all of the primary gypsum was altered to anhydrite in the very shallow (< 2 m) burial environment under the influence of saline diagenetic brines.
Onyx embolization of an avulsed thalamoperforator following endoscopic colloid cyst and lamina terminalis fenestration

A patient presented with headaches and was found to have a colloid cyst in the third ventricle and ventriculomegaly. The patient underwent endoscopic colloid cyst resection and third ventriculostomy without incidence. Prior to emergence, a blown right pupil was acutely noted, and bright red blood emanated from the ventricular drain that was routinely placed in the endoscopy tract at the conclusion of the procedure. CTangiography demonstrated active extravasation from the pre-pontine cistern into the third ventricle and subarachnoid space. Emergency DSA confirmed active extravasation from an avulsed thalamoperforator arising from the proximal right P1 posterior cerebral artery, which was immediately embolized without incident.
Iterative methods for solving problems in multicomponent distillation at the steady state

The multicomponent distillation problem is formulated so that unknown compositions do not appear explicitly either in the equilibrium and material balance equations or in the heat balance equations. Use of this formulation in absolute iteration as well as Newton-Raphson iteration is discussed. Other types of staged separation processes may be similarly expressed.
Salvage Cryosurgery of the Prostate for Failure After Primary Radiotherapy or Cryosurgery: Long-term Clinical, Functional, and Oncologic Outcomes in a Large Cohort at a Tertiary Referral Centre ☆

Abstract Background Salvage cryosurgery (SC) is a recognised option for patients who fail either primary radiation or cryosurgery. Objective To report outcomes of patients undergoing SC. Design, setting, and participants A consecutive series of 396 patients who had failed either primary radiotherapy or cryosurgery underwent SC between October 1994 and August 2011. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Demographic and clinical parameters before primary and salvage treatment were evaluated; disease-free-survival (DFS), overall-survival (OS), disease-specific-survival (DSS), and complications were assessed. Results and limitations Sufficient follow-up data were available for 328 patients. Median age was 65.8 yr (range: 45–81 yr), median serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.0 ng/ml (range: 0.6–290.0 ng/ml). After primary treatment, median time to recurrence was 55 mo (range: 0.0–183.6 mo). SC was performed at a median of 67.5 mo (range: 7.0–212.7 mo) later; median pre-SC PSA level was 4.0 ng/ml (range: 0.1–112.4 ng/ml). Median PSA nadir was 0.2 ng/ml (range: 0.01–70.70 ng/ml), reached after a median of 2.6 mo (range: 2.0–67.3 mo) after SC. Median follow-up was 47.8 mo (range: 1.6–203.5 mo). Respective 5- and 10-yr DFS was 63% and 35%; OS: 74% and 45%; and DSS: 91% and 79%. In univariate analyses, time from primary treatment to SC or recurrence, PSA level before SC, and PSA nadir after SC were all significant predictors of recurrence ( p ≤ 0.01). PSA before SC and time to recurrence were also predictive of DSS ( p =0.003 and p =0.01, respectively). In multivariate analyses, only PSA nadir after SC was predictive of recurrence and DSS ( p p =0.012, respectively). Complications were rare (range: 0.6–4.6%). Fifty-five patients (16.7%) underwent focal SC. Median PSA nadir after focal SC was 0.44 ng/ml (range: 0.04–20.1 ng/ml). Twenty-seven patients (49%) experienced recurrence. Respective 5- and 10-yr DFS was 47% and 42%; OS: 87% and 81%; and DSS: 100% and 83%. Conclusions Our analysis confirms SC as an effective treatment option for patients failing primary therapy. Patients experienced excellent survival outcome and minimal associated morbidity after SC. Focal SC is an efficacious treatment for properly selected patients.
Survey of Pain Management Therapy Provided for Children With Sickle Cell Disease

A questionnaire was sent to principal investigators of NIH-sponsored clinical research in sickle cell disease. Twenty of 21 respondents indicated they used parenteral narcotic analgesics for pain episodes sufficiently severe to warrant hospitalization. Eleven used meperidine; seven, morphine; and one each, nalbuphine, hydromorphone, and acetaminophen with codeine. They gave the agents at frequent, regular intervals or by continuous infusion. A total of 41 of more than 3,500 patients required chronic transfusion for pain control. Complications included meperidine-associated convulsions reported by nine respondents and addiction by six. This information indicates that vigorous pain-control methods are used at institutions having a special interest in providing medical care for children with sickle cell disease.
Evaluation of point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen assays for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in low-, moderate-, and high-prevalence schools in western Kenya.

Abstract. We evaluated the performance of a point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen assay (POC-CCA) to detect schistosome infections in primary school children (N = 1,801) living in areas with low, moderate, and high Schistosoma mansoni prevalence in western Kenya. The commercially available assay (CCA-1) and a second, experimental formulation (CCA-2) were compared against Kato-Katz stool examinations and an anti-schistosome enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A latent class model based on the four tests was used to establish “true infection status” in three different zones based on their distance from Lake Victoria. As a screening tool for community treatment according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, the Kato-Katz examination was in closest agreement with the latent class model, followed by the experimental CCA-2, soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP) ELISA, and CCA-1, which had high sensitivity compared with the other tests but was consistently the least specific. Our experience suggests that POC-CCA tests offer a field-friendly alternative to Kato-Katz, but need further interpretation for appropriate field use.
A Digital Robust Controller for Cutting Force Control in the End Milling Process

In this work, a digital robust controller is designed via Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) to maintain a constant cutting force in the presence of parametric uncertainty for a time varying end milling process. The QFT controller is designed using the delta transform method for discrete systems. The controller is designed to limit the overshoot and settling time of the cutting force levels over a range of cutting parameters. Models are presented for the cutting process and machine dynamics including parametric uncertainty, and these models are used to develop a controller which meets given tracking and regulation specifications for all plant values. Experimental results are obtained by implementing the controller on a milling machine.
Evidence for iron-dependent nitrate respiration in the dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter metallireducens.

The dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter metallireducens was found to require iron at a concentration in excess of 50 μM for continuous cultivation on nitrate. Growth yield (∼3-fold), cytochrome c content (∼7-fold), and nitrate (∼4.5-fold) and nitrite (∼70-fold) reductase activities were all increased significantly when the growth medium was amended with 500 μM iron.
Choices of colored blocks in the play of preschool children.

Summary.-35 nursery school children, 4 to 5 yr. of age, were given trials during which they were allowed to play with blocks colored red, blue, green and gray that were presented in varied spatial arrays. Position preferences were more important than color preferences in Ss' use of blocks. This study emphasized the prominent role of stimulus context in play behavior. The stimulus value of color has received considerable attention from investigators of human behavior (Burnham, Hanes, & Bartleson, 1963, pp. 206-234) and much research has focused upon color preferences (Norman & Scott, 1952; Birren, 1963). Generally, this research has been characterized by methodology involving the testing for preferences of colors abstracted from the objects in which Ss normally encounter them (Guilford & Smith, 1959; Child, Hansen, & Hornbeck, 1968; Choungoi~rian, 1968). Furthermore, these abstracted colors have usually been presented to relatively passive Ss who indicate choices verbally or in writing. It is not clear whether color preference findings which have been obtained in this manner are predictive of the effects of color on spontaneous behavior occurring in more naturalistic settings. The present snldy specifically set out to investigate the role of color in one type of spontaneous behavior, the play of preschool children. In even the simplest play environment one finds color associated with a variety of other stimulus variables and this investigation explored the effects this multi-stimulus play context has on color preference. It was intended that this study contribute to an understanding of stimulus-modulation of play which is important to the theoretician delving into the basic nature of play, as well as the practitioner designing play environments for children. In che present study color preferences were measiued in a dynamic play situation where choices were made by children while interacting with commonly encountered objects, colored blocks. Although block play by children has been investigated frequently (Moyer & Gilmer, 1956), only occasionally and peripherally have color factors been noted in such research (Ames & Learned, 1954). The current snidy focused primarily upon color in attempting to quantitatively ascertain the role of color relative to other stimulus variables operative in block play.
Efficacies of Mixtures of Disinfectants and Insecticides

Efficacies of mixtures of diluted commercial formulations of selected insecticides and disin- fectants were evaluated. Insecticides tested included representative pyrethroids (fenvalerate (Ectrin WDL and WD) and pern1ethrin (Ectiban EC)), organophosphates (dichlorvos (Vapona EC), tetrachlorvinphos (Rabon WP) and dichlorvos/tetrachlorvinphos (RaVap EC), and a carbamate (carbaryl (Sevin S)). Disinfec- tants tested included representatives of cresylic acid (Biolene), cresylic acid/phenol (BioGuard X-185), phenol (I-Stroke Environ), quaternary ammonium (BioGuard S-3 and PFP-4), quaternary ammonium/forma- lin (DC & R), and formalin classes of disinfectants. Mixtures were tested for toxicity to two target insects (Musca domestica on plywood, Alphitobius diaperinus in litter) and two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). Of 56 mixtures evaluated, 24 showed reduced insecticidal toxicity and 35 showed reduced bactericidal activity compared with insecticides or disinfectants alone.
Developing an in silico pipeline for faster drug candidate discovery: Virtual high throughput screening with the Signature molecular descriptor using support vector machine models

Drug candidates make up a small portion of all possible compounds. To identify the candidates, traditional drug discovery methods like high-throughput screening test compound libraries against the target of interest. However, traditional high-throughput screening typically have a low efficiency, identifying <1% of the tested compounds as candidates and are costly because the majority of resources are spent testing compounds inactive towards a target of interest. To increase high-throughput screening efficiency, virtual high-throughput screening emerged as a way to focus compound libraries by removing unpromising drug candidates before bench-top testing is ever started. Virtual screens are usually based on energetics of a ligand-target complex, classification based on known ligands, or a combination of the two. We propose a new ligand-based pipeline to reduce cost and increase efficiency: given a set of experimental data, the pipeline develops QSARs in the form of predictive SVM models and applies the models to virtually screen compound databases. The models obtained are based on a fragmental descriptor called Signature which has been previously shown as useful in virtual high-throughput screens. For proof-of-concept, we used our pipeline to identify inhibitors for Cathepsin L, a receptor implicated in viral disease pathways. Our first pass virtual screen identified 16 compounds, 3 of which were experimentally confirmed as active, for a hit rate of 19%. Using the experimental data from the first-pass, we retrained the models to refine their predictive ability. Our second pass virtual screen identified 12 compounds, 9 of which experimentally confirmed as active, for a hit rate of 75%.
Smart headphones

In this paper, we describe the "smart headphones" system, which detects and relays speech sounds in the environment through the user's headphones. This allows the user to be aware of speech events and remain involved in conversations while using headphones.
Selective Nucleation of Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) Nanofibers on Multilayer Graphene Substrates

We demonstrate that graphene surfaces provide highly selective nucleation of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers (NFs) from supersaturated solutions. Solvent conditions are identified that give rise to a wide hysteresis between crystallization and melting centered around room temperature, yielding metastable solutions that are stable against homogeneous nucleation for long periods of time but that allow for heterogeneous nucleation by graphene. Selective growth of P3HT crystals is found for multilayer graphene (MLG) supported on either Si or ITO substrates, with nucleation kinetics that are more rapid for MLG on Si but slower in both cases than for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Although the NFs grow vertically from the substrate with face-on orientation of P3HT chains, we observe edge-on orientation in dried films, presumably due to capillary forces that cause collapse of the NFs onto the substrate during solvent evaporation.
Maximally informative next experiments for nonlinear models

Abstract Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool in systems biology; we focus here on improving the reliability of model predictions by reducing the uncertainty in model dynamics through experimental design. Model-based experimental design is a process by which experiments can be systematically chosen to reduce dynamic uncertainty in a given model. We discuss the Maximally Informative Next Experiment (MINE) method for group-wise selection of points in an experimental design and present a convergence result for MINE with nonlinear models. As an application, we illustrate the method on polynomial regression and an ODE model for immune system dynamics. The MINE criterion sequentially determines experiments that can be conducted to best refine model dynamics.
Bank size and macroeconomic shock transmission: Does the credit channel operate through large or small banks? ☆

In this paper, I use U.S. call report data to construct a larger panel dataset with bank-level observations. I find that larger banks' lending is considerably more sensitive to the strength of their borrowers' and their own balance sheets compared to smaller banks and that the sensitivities to borrower balance sheets are larger in magnitude compared to lender balance sheets. When I incorporate various macroeconomic shocks (identified by an estimated DSGE model) into the empirical model, I similarly find that the transmission of shocks to the real economy operates mostly through large bank lending and borrower balance sheets.
Percutaneous dissolution of renal calculi using ultrasonic litholapaxy

The surgical treatment of renal calculi has been markedly changed by percutaneous manipulation and ultrasonic dissolution. The low morbidity and decreased cost of this procedure make it an obvious choice over classic surgical operations. We report our experience with percutaneous ultrasonic stone dissolution in 23 patients.
KnowNet: Towards a knowledge plane for enterprise network management

Network management tasks remain tedious and error-prone, and often require complex reasoning on the part of the network administrator. With KnowNet we address the challenge of reasoning about network management by approaching it as a set of cooperating applications executing over a knowledge graph which captures data and information about the network and the applications that manage and reason over it. We apply our approach to enterprise network management by developing a suite of cooperating applications that deals with security and application performance management in an enterprise network.
Recycling kraft pulping chemicals: cyclic voltammetry of molten salt mixtures containing Na2CO3, Na2SO4, Na2S/Na2Sx and Na2O/Na2O2

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been used to investigate molten salt mixtures in the temperature range of 820–840 °C between the initial and anticipated final compositions for the proposed electrolytic recausticizing process of inorganic pulping chemicals. A mixture simulating the initial conditions for the proposed process (sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide/polysulfide and sodium sulfate) exhibited carbonate oxidation and sulfate reduction at the limits of the potential window. Additional oxidation of sulfide to sulfur occurs at potentials inside the positive limit of the potential window with subsequent chemical reaction to form polysulfide. To simulate the final composition sodium oxide and peroxide were added to the mixtures; the resulting CVs had an additional oxidation peak attributed to oxide and peroxide oxidation. We conclude the electrolytic recycle process is feasible, producing sulfide and oxide from carbonate and sulfate of sodium in the molten state, yet separation is necessary between the anolyte and catholyte so the reduction products are not consumed by oxidation.
An Examination of the Applicability of Social Cognitive Career Theory for African American College Students

The purpose of the present study is to extend the literature on social cognitive career theory (SCCT) by examining (a) the applicability of SCCT for African Americans with constructs defined in ter...
A Systematic Framework for the Design and Implementation of Sensing and Control Architecture for a Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plant

Abstract The continuous pharmaceutical manufacture (CPM) plant and control architecture developed earlier is currently being widely implemented in industries [1,2]. CPM indeed provides an appropriate platform to implement suitable monitoring and control architecture, to improve product quality, and to minimize product rejection and operating expenses. However, some process system engineering (PSE) issues still need to be addressed more to fully realize the advantages of closed-loop CPM, such as novel sensor development, real time optimization (RTO), real time release (RTR), material traceability, validated CPM model, and standardization of control module. In this work, a systematic framework including the methods and tools for design, development, evaluation, and implementation of advanced process sensing and control architecture has been developed and applied to a continuous pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing pilot-plant. The resulting sensing and control architecture consists of multiple layers including real time monitoring, local and supervisory control architecture, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based supervisory control and RTO. As needed for closed-loop control, new sensing technique has been developed for real time monitoring of powder level and powder bulk density. The results demonstrate improved critical quality attributes (CQAs) under the proposed sensing and control scenario indicating its wide applicability in pharmaceutical industries.
Machine tools analysis in precision manufacturing

Precision engineering and manufacturing issues are becoming ever more important in current and future technologies used in aviation, aeronautics, and aerospace. New knowledge in this field will aid in the advancement of various technologies that are needed to gain industrial competitiveness. Selecting a machine tool plays a key role in designing, developing, and manufacturing a product effectively and efficiently. This study uses extended fuzzy analytic hierarchy process decision-making tool to propose better selection process among various alternatives. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the application of the method.
Reduction potentials determination of some biochemically important free radicals. Pulse radiolysis and electrochemical methods

Dans cette revue, nous presentons l'etat actuel des recherches concernant l'etude des potentiels de reduction des especes metastables. Nous decrivons les methodes de radiolyse pulsee et d'electrochimie, et discutons certains exemples impliquant la determination des potentiels de reduction de deux acides amines, de quelques peptides et de quelques bases nucleiques
AN ENCOMPASSING APPROACH TO MODELING FISHERY DYNAMICS: MODELING DYNAMIC NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

Uncertainty about the nature and signifi­ cance of nonlinearities and the manner in which dynamics affect future realizations makes model specification the most difficult aspect of modeling dynamic systems. By interpret­ ing several popular fishery models as subcases of a nesting dynamic Taylor series approximation, we isolate the specifica­ tion differences between these models in a way that accounts for commonalities. On the argument that the differences due to alternative nonlinear forms are likely to be small compared to more mundane considerations such as delay difference and general dynamic lag specification, we propose an alternative model that uses the terms from the first order approximation common to all models combined with a data-based determina­ tion of the appropriate lags using the methods of state space time series analysis. Finally, the success of the alternative models is judged in an application to Pacific halibut data.