cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symplectic and Quasisymplectic Geometries

In 4.1.1 we have seen that the absolutes of the spaces S n , H n , S l n , and H l n are imaginary or real hyperquadrics, which, as we have seen in 2.8.3 are cosymmetry figures in the space P n . In 2.8.3 we have also seen that, besides hyperquadrics, in P 2n+1 there are cosymmetry figures of an other kind: linear complexes of lines. The space P 2n −1 in which a linear complex of lines is given is said to be a real quadratic symplectic space and is denoted by Sy 2n −1. The linear complex determining this space is called the absolute linear complex of Sy 2n −1. The collineations in P 2n −1 preserving the absolute linear complex of Sy 2n −1are called symplectic transformations in this space. The absolute linear complex of Sy 2n −1 can be defined by (2.109), where the (2n × 2n)-matrix (a ij ) can be reduced to the form (0.62); then (2.109) has the form $$\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{n - 1} {{p^{2i,2i + 1}}} = 0.$$ (6.1)
Community College Crowdfunding: New Strategy or Latest Fad?

ABSTRACTThe community college sector of higher education has, over the past 20 years, become highly engaged in fundraising. Typically relying on business and industry sponsorships, institutional leaders have begun to shift their development strategies to focus increasingly on individuals who have the capacity and disposition to support the work of their colleges. Crowdsourcing is a relatively new process for garnering the interest and timely collection of interests and moving them toward the action of financially supporting an institution. This study explored how crowdsourcing is being used by community colleges, what institutional leaders expect from the process, and how these funds are used. Study findings revealed that crowdsourcing is used primarily to raise gifts for immediate expenditure, to identify potential long-term donors, and to electronically engage persons who have an interest in the welfare of the college.
Regulation of flowering by green light depends on its photon flux density and involves cryptochromes.

Photoperiodic lighting can promote flowering of long-day plants (LDPs) and inhibit flowering of short-day plants (SDPs). Red (R) and far-red (FR) light regulate flowering through phytochromes, whereas blue light does so primarily through cryptochromes. In contrast, the role of green light in photoperiodic regulation of flowering has been inconsistent in previous studies. We grew four LDP species (two petunia cultivars, ageratum, snapdragon and Arabidopsis) and two SDP species (three chrysanthemum cultivars and marigold) in a greenhouse under truncated 9-h short days with or without 7-h day-extension lighting from green light (peak = 521 nm) at 0, 2, 13 or 25 μmol m-2 s-1 or R + white (W) + FR light at 2 μmol m-2 s-1 . Increasing the green photon flux density from 0 to 25 μmol m-2 s-1 accelerated flowering of all LDPs and delayed flowering of all SDPs. Petunia flowered similarly fast under R + W + FR light and moderate green light but was shorter and developed more branches under green light. To be as effective as R + W + FR light, saturation green photon flux densities were 2 μmol m-2 s-1 for LDP ageratum and SDP marigold and 13 μmol m-2 s-1 for LDP petunia. Snapdragon was the least sensitive to green light. In Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 2 mediated promotion of flowering under moderate green light, whereas both phytochrome B and cryptochrome 2 mediated that under R + W + FR light. We conclude that 7-h day-extension lighting from green light-emitting diodes can control flowering of photoperiodic ornamentals and that in Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 2 mediates promotion of flowering under green light.
An Overview of the National Cancer Institute's Initiatives to Accelerate Rural Cancer Control Research.

This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 1237][1] A recent publication by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; ref. [1][2]) reported that nonmetropolitan rural counties had lower 5-year annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (2009–2013), but higher average
Dataset on the chemokine and cytokine responses of multi-cell cultures treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin B.

Abstract Chemokines and cytokines produced in gingival tissues exposed to microorganisms and microbial products in dental plaque lead to local inflammation and tissue damage seen in periodontal disease. Bates et al. 2018 [1] reported that Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin B (HagB)-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) responses of single cell cultures containing dendritic cells, gingival epithelial (GE) keratinocytes, or T cells were significantly different from the MMP responses of these same cells grown in multi-cell cultures. Here we report the concentrations (pg/ml) of HagB-induced IL1α, IL6, IL8, IL12(p40), GM-CSF, MIP1α, MIP1β, RANTES, TNFα, and VEGF produced by dendritic cells, GE keratinocytes, or T cells in single cell cultures, two-cell cultures, or three-cell cultures.
Wide field retinal imaging and the detection of drug associated retinal toxicity.

To describe the peripheral retinal findings associated with systemic medication toxicity and to outline the importance of ultra-widefield imaging in the detection, analysis and monitoring of these abnormalities. This review highlights the retinal manifestations associated with the more common drug toxicities, with emphasis on the peripheral features and the indications for wide field imaging. The presenting findings, underlying pathophysiology, and retinal alterations in hydroxychloroquine, thioridazine, didanosine, tamoxifen, MEK-inhibitor, and immune checkpoint inhibitor associated drug toxicity will be described and the importance of wide field imaging in the evaluation of these abnormalities will be emphasized. Wide field retinal imaging can improve the detection of peripheral retinal abnormalities associated with drug toxicity and may be an important tool in the diagnosis and management of these disorders.
Double Trouble: Treatment Considerations for Patients with Comorbid PTSD and Depression

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rarely occurs alone, with an approximate 80% syndromal comorbidity rate of which 50% is major depression. Evidence-based psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD and is very efficacious in some, but is directed toward PTSD symptomatology not depression, and many do not fully recover. This review presents the evidence for psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, neurostimulation, and combinations of these modalities in treating PTSD with comorbid depression. Modifications to evidence-based psychotherapy for PTSD and comorbid depression can be made to involve comorbid traumatic brain injury and early childhood adversity, and although effective, some studies show such adaptations may not be necessary. Burgeoning neuromodulation research holds promise for possible additions to the current first-line treatment and new core treatment options. Cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure are the most cited effective treatments for PTSD; arguments for adding an antidepressant in cases of significant comorbid depression are supported by research. Treating PTSD first when comorbid with depression is supported by evidence that trauma-focused therapies reduce depressive symptoms whereas depression-focused treatments do not show the same for comorbid PTSD. Future directions for study will involve new sequencing and combinations of current treatment modalities in addition to exploration of other factors including biomarkers, resiliency, and risk factors to inform novel treatment options for this population.
Comprehensive Obesity Education for Family Medicine Residents.

Background Family medicine residents receive limited education on obesity management and obesity bias. Weight stigmatization is prevalent in primary care providers and trainees, and early mitigation is critical to optimize patient-centered care. Recent Provider Competencies for the Prevention and Management of Obesity include obesity bias. This report is intended to fill a current gap in obesity education for family medicine residents. Methods An interprofessional obesity teaching half day for family medicine residents incorporated the Provider Competencies and focused on five modules that addressed complexities of obesity and its clinical management. The obesity bias module focused on both explicit and implicit bias, assessment of implicit bias, preferential language usage, and mitigation strategies. An obesity-simulation empathy suit was available, and a public health expert described successful obesity care in a patient-centered medical home. Family medicine residents were surveyed prior to, immediately after the half-day of obesity teaching, and 15 months later. Results Survey results indicated 39.3% of residents had no previous biopsychosocial obesity education. Residents believed the content moderately (68.8%) or mostly (12.5%) impacted their approach to working with patients with obesity. Residents' comfort in working with patients with obesity as well as their perceived understanding of their own biases increased immediately after the intervention and was sustained 15 months later. Conclusions Our results suggest that a half day of obesity teaching can have a positive and sustained impact on family medicine residents. Additionally, this educational experience allowed for greater individual awareness building and insight regarding implicit bias. Such education for family medicine residents fills an identified gap in obesity education.
Probing ion channel macromolecular interactions using fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

Abstract Ion channels are macromolecular complexes whose functions are exquisitely tuned by interacting proteins. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful methodology that is adept at quantifying ion channel protein-protein interactions in living cells. For FRET experiments, the interacting partners are tagged with appropriate donor and acceptor fluorescent proteins. If the fluorescently-labeled molecules are in close proximity, then photoexcitation of the donor results in non-radiative energy transfer to the acceptor, and subsequent fluorescence emission of the acceptor. The stoichiometry of ion channel interactions and their relative binding affinities can be deduced by quantifying both the FRET efficiency and the total number of donors and acceptors in a given cell. In this chapter, we discuss general considerations for FRET analysis of biological interactions, various strategies for estimating FRET efficiencies, and detailed protocols for construction of binding curves and determination of stoichiometry. We focus on implementation of FRET assays using a flow cytometer given its amenability for high-throughput data acquisition, enhanced accessibility, and robust analysis. This versatile methodology permits mechanistic dissection of dynamic changes in ion channel interactions.
Worse for girls?: Gender differences in discrimination as a predictor of suicidality among Latinx youth.

Abstract Introduction Gender and ethnic differences exist in suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among adolescents in the U.S. However, limited research has used theoretically-informed approaches to integrate how cultural and classic risk factors together account for suicide-related pathways among vulnerable populations. Informed by the interpersonal theory of suicide, the present cross-sectional study examined gender differences in the association between a cultural (i.e., discrimination) and classic (i.e., depressive symptomatology) risk factor, and suicidality among youth of Latin American heritage. Methods A total of 390 Latinx adolescents (ages 13–18; 50% female) attending a high school in Southern California, U.S.A. completed a series of questionnaires that included measures of depressive symptoms, suicidality (including ideation, past attempts, and likelihood of future behavior), perceived discrimination, and demographics. Results We found that discrimination was associated with increased suicidality among Latinx adolescents. The discrimination-suicidality association was stronger for girls versus boys, such that girls who experienced greater discrimination demonstrated the highest levels of suicidality. Although depression was also significantly associated with suicidality, the discrimination x gender interaction was found above and beyond the main effect of depressive symptomatology and covariates. Additional analyses revealed significant gender and moderation effects only for suicidal ideation and not for attempts. Conclusions These findings indicate that the relationship between discrimination and suicidality (particularly ideation) is more pronounced for Latinx girls than boys. This study also highlights the importance of drawing on theory-driven and culturally informed work that incorporates classic and cultural correlates of suicidality among diverse subpopulations.
RADIAL VELOCITY SEARCHES FOR OTHER PLANETARY SYSTEMS: Current Status and Future Prospects

Measurement of variations in the radial velocities of stars due to the reflex orbital motion of the star around the planetary-system barycenter constitutes a powerful method of searching for substellar or planetary mass companions. After several years of patient data acquisition, radial-velocity searches for planetary systems around other stars are now beginning to bear fruit. In late 1995 and early 1996, three candidate systems were announced with Jovian-mass planets around solar-type stars. The current paradigm for low-mass star formation suggests that planetary systems should be able to form in the circumstellar disks surrounding young stellar objects. These newly discovered systems, and other discoveries which will soon follow them, will test critically our understanding of the processes of star- and planet-formation. We review the techniques used in these radial-velocity searches and their results to date. We then discuss planned improvements in the surveys, and the prospects for the next 20 years.
Upscaling and Downscaling – Dynamic Models

Transferring information from one spatial or temporal scale to another (scaling) presents one of the most daunting scientific challenges in hydrology. This is particularly true in hydrological modeling where disparities in scale exist in nearly every phase of model development and application. This article discusses scales, hydrological processes, heterogeneity, upscaling, and downscaling as applied to dynamic hydrological modeling. It is not meant to be an exhaustive discussion covering the entire range of scale issues in hydrology, or of hydrological modeling, rather it attempts to summarize the relevant issues and illustrate some approaches using specific examples to address upscaling and downscaling in hydrological model development and application. Keywords: scales; upscaling; downscaling; heterogeneity; hydrologic modeling
Inducible, pharmacogenetic approaches to the study of learning and memory.

Here we introduce a strategy in which pharmacology is used to induce the effects of recessive mutations. For example, mice heterozygous for a null mutation of the K-ras gene (K-ras+/−) show normal hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, long-term potentiation (LTP) and contextual conditioning. However, a dose of a mitogen-activated/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor, ineffective in wild-type controls, blocks MAPK activation, LTP and contextual learning in K-ras+/− mutants. These indicate that K-Ras/MEK/MAPK signaling is critical in synaptic and behavioral plasticity. A subthreshold dose of NMDA receptor antagonists triggered a contextual learning deficit in mice heterozygous for a point mutation (T286A) in the αCaMKII gene, but not in K-ras+/− mutants, demonstrating the specificity of the synergistic interaction between the MEK inhibitor and the K-ras+/− mutation. This pharmacogenetic approach combines the high temporal specificity that pharmacological manipulations offer, with the molecular specificity of genetic disruptions.
Not "A Piece of Cake"!

No Apparent Danger The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado del Ruiz. by Victoria Bruce. HarperCollins, New York, 2001. 251 pp. $26, C$39.50. ISBN 0-06-019920-2. Surviving Galeras . Stanley Williams and Fen Montaigne. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 2001. 280 pp. $25. ISBN 0-618-03168-5. The hazards of volcanic eruptions and risks they pose to researchers are highlighted in these two contrasting portrayals of the events that led to nine deaths at a Colombian volcano in 1993. Bruce claims that the dangers at Galeras were predictable and thus the fatalities could have been prevented. Offering a first-person account of the eruption and his own perspectives on the dangers and rewards of studying active volcanoes up close, Williams argues that the event could not have been forecast.
Convergence and resolution recovery of block-iterative EM algorithms modeling 3D detector response in SPECT

The authors evaluate fast reconstruction algorithms including ordered subsets EM (OS-EM) and Rescaled Block Iterative EM (RBI-EM) in fully 3D SPECT applications on the basis of their convergence and resolution recovery properties as iterations proceed. Using a 3D computer-simulated phantom consisting of 3D Gaussian objects, the authors simulated projection data that includes only the effects of sampling and detector response of a parallel-hole collimator. Reconstructions were performed using each of the 3 algorithms (ML-EM, OS-EM, and RBI-EM) modeling the 3D detector response in the projection function. Resolution recovery was evaluated by fitting Gaussians to each of the 4 objects in the iterated image estimates at selected intervals. Results show that OS-EM and RBI-EM behave identically in this case; their resolution recovery results are virtually indistinguishable. Their resolution behavior appears to be very similar to that of ML-EM, but accelerated by a factor of 20. For all 3 algorithms, smaller objects take more iterations to converge. Next, the authors consider the effect noise has on convergence. For both noise-free and noisy data, they evaluate the log likelihood function at each subiteration of OS-EM and RBI-EM, and at each iteration of ML-EM. With noisy data, both OS-EM and RBI-EM give results for which the log-likelihood function oscillates. Especially for 180-degree acquisitions, RBI-EM oscillates less than OS-EM. Both OS-EM and RBI-EM appear to converge to solutions, but not to the ML solution. It is concluded that both OS-EM and RBI-EM can be effective algorithms for fully 3D SPECT reconstruction. Both recover resolution similarly to ML-EM, only more quickly.
Self-assembling peptide materials

Peptides are time-honored substances, ubiquitous in nature and useful in many fields, from argriculture as pestisides, in medicine as antibacteria and antifugal drugs founded in the innate immune systems, to medicinal chemistry as hornmones http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide. However, the concept of peptide materials did not come to mind until 1990 when a self-assembling peptide as a repeating segment in a yeast protein was serendipitously discovered. As it was called, the materials peptide since they have bona fide materials property and are made from simple amino acids with amazing nanostructures under physiological conditions. These structures include well-ordered nanofibers, nanotubes and nanovesicles. These structures have been used for 3D tissue cell cultures of primary cells and stem cells, sustained releases of small molecules, growth factors and monoclonal antibody, for accelerated-wound healing in reparative and regenerative medicine as well as tissue engineering. Recent advances in molecular designs have also led to the development of 3D fine-tuned bioactive tissue culture scaffolds. They are also used to stabilize membrane proteins including difficult G-protein coupled receptors for designing nanobiodevices. One of self-assembling peptides has been used in human clinical trials for accelerated-wound healings. It is likely that these peptide materials will open doors for more and more diverse uses. The field of self-assembling peptide materials is growing in a number of directions in areas of materials, synthetic biology, clinical medicine and beyond.
Rethinking crop diversification under changing climate, hydrology and food habit in Bangladesh

Extreme temperature, frequent and intensive flood, cyclone and other natural disasters due to climate change became acute in Bangladesh and would be severe in future. Besides, water crisis due to shortage of upstream flow and very little rainfall in dry season would affect in a same way. Gradual higher dependency on groundwater irrigation during last few decades created pressure on groundwater even after a huge discharge during rainy season. Using secondary data, this research analyzed the changes in cropping pattern along with a forecast of area to be distributed among various crops in 2029-30 and proposed a re-distribution considering probable crop failure, water crisis and change in food habit. Inherit rice-dominated food habit and government incentive policy encouraged farmers to be concentrated highly on water-intensive rice farming. However, a recent tendency of less rice consumption would encourage crop diversification in future. An incentive policy for farming of diversified crops and their intensification in all crop seasons would be effective to reduce pressure on groundwater and to persuade a balanced food basket in Bangladesh.
Automated Elution Electrophoresis: A Potential Clinical Tool

An elution electrophoresis system in which a porous packed bed is used for separation and a flow photometer or colorimeter for continuous monitoring of the eluate may be capable of rapid, high-resolution analysis of serum proteins and other protein mixtures with very little manual labor. In a prototype of such a system we used a cooled separations column, 3 mm in diameter and 40 cm long, containing polyacrylamide beads. Samples are introduced, via a microsyringe, through a septum at the column midpoint. Typical analyses for serum proteins or serum isoenzymes require an electrophoresis time of about 30 min at 1200 V.
Cholinergic properties of embryonic chick sensory neurons.

Abstract Experiments were carried out to determine the cholinergic properties of sensory neurons of the chick embryo by measuring the choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT) and [ 3 H]choline uptake. The choline acetyltransferase activity in the dorsal root ganglia of an 8-day-old chick embryo was 24.2 ± 2.52, which increased to 45.4 ± 9.69 pmol ACh/mg protein/min in the ganglia of 12-day-old embryos. Sensory neurons derived from dorsal root ganglia of 10-day-old embryos and maintained in a serum-free culture medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin and nerve growth factor (NGF) also contained significant amounts of ChAT (21.9 pmol ACh/mg protein/min). Omission of NGF resulted in neuronal death, and the enzyme activity could not be measured in these cultures. A specific inhibitor of ChAT, hydroxyethyl naphthylvinyl pyridine (NVP), when added to the assay mix produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ChAT from cultured neurons. Cultured sensory neurons incubated with [ 3 H]choline followed by repeated washouts took up and retained [ 3 H]choline. The uptake of [ 3 H]choline was reduced by about 45% when NaCl, in the incubation medium, was replaced by LiCl. A specific inhibitor of choline uptake, hemicholinium-3, caused about 75% inhibition of [ 3 H]choline uptake. It is implied that sensory neurons of the chick dorsal root ganglia express cholinergic properties during development.
Spring Precipitation and the Strontium-90 Contamination of Wheat in the Semi-arid Regions of Idaho and Montana

STRONTIUM-90 is one of the long-lived radionuclide constituents of fall-out that can be expected as a contaminant of cereal grains for long periods of time. Much of the strontium-90 content of wheat grain is believed to result from direct floral interception rather than to uptake from previously contaminated soils1,2. It has also been reported that over extended time periods soils experiencing greater annual precipitation accumulated more strontium-90 than did soils of drier regions3. From these premises it would seem that wheat growing in regions experiencing marked spring precipitation should exhibit higher strontium-90 contents than wheat grown in regions with relatively weak spring precipitation. An inspection of precipitational data and a knowledge of the spring floral development of wheat suggest that wheat grown in eastern Montana might yeild a higher strontium-90 content that Idaho grown wheat (Fig. 1).
Programming Cow Evaluation

Abstract A computing procedure for intraherd best linear unbiased predictions of additive genetic and permanent environmental values for cows has been developed and tested. The average herd had 170 genetic equations and required about 20 s of computing time on an IBM 370 Model 135 with 260K of available storage. This time could be reduced in later runs where previous solutions can speed convergence to updated solutions. This appears to be a rapid procedure for evaluations of cows within herds.
Out of Nature: Why Drugs from Plants Matter to the Future of Humanity

Review of Out of Nature: Why Drugs from Plants Matter to the Future of Humanity . Kara Rogers. 2012. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Pp. 216. $19.95 (paper). ISBN 978-0-8165-2969-8.
Estimating the performance of natural draft evaporative coolers

In relatively arid regions, natural draft evaporative coolers can be used for cooling residential and commercial buildings, as well as outdoor areas, however, their design can be time consuming. Several approximations are presented here to simplify the computations. Density calculations are eliminated using a correction term with wet and dry-bulb temperatures. Under calm conditions, iterative calculations involving the pad air velocity and efficiency can be eliminated with a logarithmic approximation.
Age and anxiety and depressive symptoms: the effect on domains of quality of life.

Early work concluded that a happy individual was a “young, healthy, well-educated, extroverted, optimistic, worry-free, religious, married person with high self-esteem, job morale, modest aspirations, of either sex and a wide range of intelligence” (Wilson, 1967; p. 294). Of particular interest to gerontologists is the assertion that youth is a necessary component of happiness. In opposition of this assertion, subsequent studies have shown either no age effect or an increase in life satisfaction in later years (Andrews & Withey, 1976; Herzog & Rodgers, 1981; Stock et al., 1983). In a large-scale cross-sectional survey of an adult sample Diener and Suh (1998) reported an upward trend in life satisfaction from 20 to 80 years of age, with stability of negative affect across this age range; positive affect did, however, decline as age increased. Although there is some evidence for decreases in emotional intensity with increasing age (Diener et al., 1998), Ryff (1991) found that older adults reported a closer match to their own notion of their “ideal self” compared with younger adults. The literature as a whole shows strong support contradicting the assumption that youth is a requirement for happiness. In fact, the literature leans in the opposite direction, illuminating people’s apparent successful ability to adapt to both physical and environmental changes as they age (Diener et al., 1999). As individuals age, however, they are more likely to experience an increase in physical limitations and medical problems; these limitations have been shown to predict increases in depressive symptoms over time (Gayman et al, 2008). Recent findings have called attention to subsyndromal depression or anxiety symptoms as predictors of poorer ability to care for one’s self at follow-up (Grabovich et al., 2010). Relatedly, anxiety and depression are associated with poorer health-related quality of life (Stein & Barrett-Connor, 2002). Lawton, Kleban, and Dean (1993) found that younger adults endorsed depression as well as anxiety and shyness more frequently than older adults. Findings from these two lines of research suggest the question: Do older adults with anxiety and depressive symptomatology report poorer quality of life similarly to middle-aged adults? Thus in this study we examined the relationship between age, anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and domains of quality of life. We hypothesized that, although quality of life in several domains is better with increased age, this relationship is moderated by the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms; reports of better quality of life in later life are tempered by anxiety and depressive symptomatology.
CURTAILED SAMPLING FOR CASE‐CONTROL STUDIES

The use of curtailed sampling procedures for individually matched case-control studies is proposed as an alternative to fixed sample size plans. Curtailed sampling provides a hypothesis testing procedure with the same power function as the corresponding fixed sample size test while guaranteeing that the random sample size is less than or equal to the fixed sample size in all cases. Several tables for the expected savings in sample size from curtailed procedures and an accurate, easy to calculate formula for approximating the expected savings are presented. In view of the substantial savings in sample size available under certain conditions and the accuracy of the approximating formula, it is recommended that curtailed procedures be given serious consideration in the design of matched pair case-control studies.
Low Serum Triiodothyronine in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Patients with anorexia nervosa can demonstrate clinical and/or laboratory findings suggestive of reduced thyroid hormone secretion. In this study, the thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) serum concentrations, and thyrotropin (TSH) response to intravenous administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were determined in 6 patients (aged 9 to 15 yr) with anorexia nervosa and the results compared to those found in a group of 15 normal subjects. The mean basal TSH concentration and mean maximum increase in TSH after TRH were comparable to those in the normal subjects. The mean T4 concentration (7.2 mug/100 ml) in the anorexia nerovsa group was slightly but significantly lower than in the normal group (9.5 mug/100 ml). Five of the 6 patients had serum T3 concentrations below the lower limits of normal and the mean T3 concentrations (49.7 ng/100 ml) was significantly lower than in the normal group (106 ng/100 ml). The extremely low serum levels of T3 in these patients with anorexia nervosa suggest that peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is impaired during chronic starvation.
[POSTER] Improved SPAAM Robustness through Stereo Calibration

We are investigating methods for improving the robustness and consistency of the Single Point Active Alignment Method (SPAAM) optical see-through (OST) head-mounted display (HMD) calibration procedure. Our investigation focuses on two variants of SPAAM. The first utilizes a standard monocular alignment strategy to calibrate the left and right eye separately, while the second leverages stereoscopic cues available from binocular HMDs to calibrate both eyes simultaneously. We compare results from repeated calibrations between methods using eye location estimates and inter pupillary distance (IPD) measures. Our findings indicate that the stereo SPAAM method produces more accurate and consistent results during calibration compared to the monocular variant.
DIFFERENTIAL OXYGEN- AND 4HNE-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY IN CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL AND EPITHELIAL CELLS. AN IN VITRO MODEL FOR OXYGEN TOXICITY IN THE NEONATAL LUNG. • 437

DIFFERENTIAL OXYGEN- AND 4HNE-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY IN CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL AND EPITHELIAL CELLS. AN IN VITRO MODEL FOR OXYGEN TOXICITY IN THE NEONATAL LUNG. • 437
Improving selection of indicator species when detection is imperfect

Abstract Indicator species are widely adopted in conservation programs due to their time- and cost-effectiveness, and the indicator value method is a popular approach for selecting species that are indicative of particular site classifications. The indicator value method does not explicitly incorporate detection probability into its abundance or occupancy estimates. We present an approach based on N-mixture models for estimating indicator values with improved accuracy. Simulations with two site classifications demonstrate the importance of accounting for imperfect detection and how ignoring it can alter indicator values. Our simulations also illustrate the sampling conditions under which use of N-mixture models achieves reduced bias in indicator values relative to naive estimates based on counts and the assumption of perfect detection. Naive estimates produced greater bias at nearly all probabilities of detection, and exhibited greater sensitivity to low probability of detection in preferred sites compared with N-mixture estimates. Differences between the naive estimate and the N-mixture estimate were most pronounced when detection probability in the preferred site type was lower than 0.4. A case study with 11 species of songbirds demonstrated modest associations between most species and their “preferred” habitats, and 3 species in which preferred habitats differed between the naive and N-mixture model approaches. When studying less common species and in instances where detection probability varies strongly among site classifications, we recommend using the approach based on N-mixture models to improve selection and inference regarding indicator species.
Telling It Like a Man Masculinities and Battering Men's Accounts of Their Violence

Despite the increase in recent decades in research on men's violence against women, few studies focus exclusively on men's verbal accounts of this violence. In this article, the author compares men's accounts offered to her as a researcher with those accounts reportedly given to female partners. Although the author expects men to attempt to excuse their violence when accounting to her as a researcher, men make overwhelming use of justifications. Somewhat as expected, they say they apologize to their partners following a violent incident, but surprisingly, they also refuse to account to their partners at times. A deeper look into these contradictory accounts reveals the creative ways men use verbal strategies as redress for various forms of masculinity they feel have been taken from them by their partners and/or agencies of the state and how hegemonic masculinity enables them to use certain accounts in the first place.
A cooperative message authentication protocol in VANETs

Safety provision is a crucial application for the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In the VANETs, vehicles periodically broadcast their geographic information. Therefore, collisions can be avoided. In this paper, we address the issue of large computation overhead caused by the safety message authentication. A cooperative message authentication protocol(CMAP) is presented to alleviate vehicles' computation burden. In the protocol, because vehicles share their verification results with each other in a cooperative way, the number of safety messages that each vehicle needs to verify will be reduced greatly. A new research issue of the protocol is how to select verifiers in the city road scenario. Thus, we propose three verifiers selection algorithms, n-nearest method, most-even distributed method and the compound method for the CMAP. Based on the simulation results from NS2, comparisons between these three methods and the existing work are given at the end of the paper to demonstrate the performance of our protocol.
Involvement of phenylalanine 272 of DNA polymerase beta in discriminating between correct and incorrect deoxynucleoside triphosphates.

ABSTRACT : DNA polymerase â is a small monomeric polymerase that participates in base excision repairand meiosis [Sobol, R., et al. (1996) Nature 379, 183-186; Plug, A., et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 94, 1327-1331]. A DNA polymerase â mutator mutant, F272L, was identified by an in vivogenetic screen [Washington, S., et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 1321-1326]. Residue 272is located within the deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) binding pocket of DNA polymerase â accordingto the known DNA polymerase â crystal structures [Pelletier, H., et al. (1994) Science 264, 1891-1893;Sawaya, M., et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 11205-11215]. The F272L mutant produces errors at afrequency 10-fold higher than that of wild type in vivo and in the in vitro HSV-tk gap-filling assay.F272L shows an increase in the frequency of both base substitution mutations and frameshift mutations.Single-enzyme turnover studies of misincorporation by wild type and F272L DNA polymerase â demonstrate that there is a 4-fold decrease in fidelity of the mutant as compared to that of the wild typeenzyme for a G:A mismatch. The decreased fidelity is due primarily to decreased discrimination betweenthe correct and incorrect dNTP during ground-state binding. These results suggest that the phenylalanine272 residue is critical for maintaining fidelity during the binding of the dNTP.DNA polymerases play a central role in the replication,recombination, and repair of DNA (1). They catalyze thetemplate-directed incorporation of a deoxyribonucleosidemonophosphate (dNMP) substrate into a growing DNApolymer. DNA polymerases discriminate between the correctand incorrect dNTP mainly during binding of the substrateor by an induced-fit mechanism (2). Errors occur duringDNA synthesis if a polymerase fails to discriminate betweenthe correct and incorrect dNTP substrates. The incorporationof errors into the genome gives rise to mutations that mayresult in genetic disease or genomic instability, whichcontributes to neoplastic disease and aging (3, 4). Therefore,it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms thatDNA polymerases employ to synthesize DNA accurately.DNA polymerase
Impact of plasticity generated by Rayleigh waves on the residual stress behavior of structural components subjected to laser peening

Purpose – The impact of laser peening on curved geometries is not fully comprehended. The purpose of this paper is to explain the action of laser peening on curved components (concave and convex shapes for cylindrical and spherical geometries) by means of shock wave mechanics. Design/methodology/approach – An analytical formulation is derived based on the plasticity incurred inside the material and the results are compared with the prediction by numerical simulation. Findings – A near-linear relationship is observed between curvature and compressive residual stress; an increasing trend was observed for concave models and a decreasing trend was observed for convex models. The consistency in the analytical formulation with the simulation model indicates the behavior of laser peening for curved geometries. Originality/value – The differences observed in the residual stresses for spherical and cylindrical geometries are primarily due to the effect of Rayleigh waves. This paper illustrates the importance of un...
The resolution of cross-border banks: Issues for deposit insurers and proposals for cooperation

Abstract This paper reviews critical legal and policy issues created by cross-border banking insolvencies. These include (I) Insolvency principles, such as (1) criteria for intervention; (2) deposit insurance; (3) power to manage; (4) ability to maximize recoveries. Also included is (II) International legal complications. Critical issues in cross-border crisis management involve: (1) division of labor between home and host countries; (2) the availability of information; (3) the legal, regulatory and supervisory framework; (4) the law governing initiation of proceedings; (5) grounds for intervention; (6) deposit insurance; (7) legal powers of controlling authorities; (8) the potential financial and economic effects. We conclude with a few proposals for cooperation.
Some Effects of Phenobarbital Dosing of Dairy Cattle on Aflatoxin M1 and Fat in Milk

Abstract Eight Holstein cows were selected randomly to determine effects of phenobarbital on the fate of orally administered aflatoxin B 1 , milk fatty acid profiles, total milk fat, and milk production. Animals were grouped in pairs for one of four treatments: 1) control, 2) oral dosing with sodium phenobarbital for 5 days, 3) dosing with sodium phenobarbital followed by oral dosing with aflatoxin B 1 , and 4) oral dosing with aflatoxin B 1 for 5 days. Daily composite raw milk samples were taken and assayed for aflatoxin M 1 by thin-layer chromatography, and milk fatty acid profiles were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Milk production for all treatments was less than that of controls. Total milk fat was not affected. Both aflatoxin B 1 and phenobarbital affected fatty acid distribution, suppressing the amount of fatty acids carbons 8 through 14 while increasing the amount of 16-carbon fatty acids. No treatment effect was significant for the short chain fatty acids of 4 and 6 carbons and the 18-carbon acids oleic, stearic, and linoleic. Pre-treatment with phenobarbital resulted in a significant difference between treated and untreated animals. A greater than 50% reduction in the amount of aflatoxin B 1 excreted as M 1 in the milk was realized.
Titanium carbide coatings deposited by reactive ion beam-assisted, electron beam–physical vapor deposition

Abstract Titanium carbide (TiC), in addition to other transition metal carbides, has excellent wear-resistant properties in machining of stainless and high speed tool steels. TiC was successfully deposited on 304 stainless steel by reactive ion beam-assisted electron beam–physical vapor deposition (RIBA, EB–PVD). The hardness values ranged from 1100 to 3500 VHN 0.050 depending on the processing parameters. The surface morphology and degree of texturing were correlated with the processing conditions. Ion bombardment resulted in strong surface and growth texture in primarily the (111) orientation. A change from the (111) orientation to the (200) was observed at high substrate temperatures. Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to characterize these films.
Light-induced transcriptional responses associated with proteorhodopsin-enhanced growth in a marine flavobacterium.

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a photoprotein that functions as a light-driven proton pump in diverse marine Bacteria and Archaea. Recent studies have suggested that PR may enhance both growth rate and yield in some flavobacteria when grown under nutrient-limiting conditions in the light. The direct involvement of PR, and the metabolic details enabling light-stimulated growth, however, remain uncertain. Here, we surveyed transcriptional and growth responses of a PR-containing marine flavobacterium during carbon-limited growth in the light and the dark. As previously reported (Gomez-Consarnau et al., 2007), Dokdonia strain MED134 exhibited light-enhanced growth rates and cell yields under low carbon growth conditions. Inhibition of retinal biosynthesis abolished the light-stimulated growth response, supporting a direct role for retinal-bound PR in light-enhanced growth. Among protein-coding transcripts, both PR and retinal biosynthetic enzymes showed significant upregulation in the light. Other light-associated proteins, including bacterial cryptochrome and DNA photolyase, were also expressed at significantly higher levels in the light. Membrane transporters for Na+/phosphate and Na+/alanine symporters, and the Na+-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NQR) linked electron transport chain, were also significantly upregulated in the light. Culture experiments using a specific inhibitor of Na+-translocating NQR indicated that sodium pumping via NQR is a critical metabolic process in the light-stimulated growth of MED134. In total, the results suggested the importance of both the PR-enabled, light-driven proton gradient, as well as the generation of a Na+ ion gradient, as essential components for light-enhanced growth in these flavobacteria.
Aromatization of heptanes, ethylcyclopentane, and cycloheptane over “nonacidic” platinum-alumina catalyst. Comparison of the mechanisms of aromatization over chromia-alumina and over platinum-alumina catalysts☆

n-Heptane, 2- and 3-methylhexane, ethylcyclopentane, and cycloheptane were passed in the presence of hydrogen at 500 °C over “nonacidic” platinum-alumina catalyst containing 3% by weight of platinum. The conversion ranged between 12 and 26%, depending on the interval of time the product was removed for analysis. In the case of cycloheptane, however, the conversion amounted to 98% during the first 30 min on stream and with time, during the approximate period between 2 and 3 h, it decreased to 69%. The products from the reaction contained besides toluene, also hydrocarbons resulting from a skeletal isomerization and dehydrocyclization of the original hydrocarbons, and to a smaller extent from a bond shift process, and a repetitive 1,5-ring closure followed by hydrogenolysis. Using 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane as a model compound, it was shown that the skeletal isomerization accompanying the aromatization of the seven-carbon hydrocarbons does not proceed through cationic intermediates. A survey of the literature relating to the mechanism of aromatization of hydrocarbon over “nonacidic” chromia-alumina and platinum-alumina catalysts is presented, and the differences between the two mechanisms are discussed.
Enhancing Community/Junior College Professors' Questioning Strategies and Interaction with Students

Abstract The author was interested in identifying and changing the interaction behavior and questioning techniques of fourteen community/junior college professors enrolled in his summer institute. Modern technological facilities, including microteaching laboratories with complete videotaping capabilities, were used in training the professors in the use of Flanders Interaction Analysis and questioning strategies. Pre- and posttraining videotapes were used to collect data. The differences between pre- and posttraining lessons for the total class were significant for eight variables.
Reduced-Order Wide-Band Interconnect Model Realization using Filter-Based Spline Interpolation

In the paper, we develop a systematic methodology for modeling sampled interconnect frequency response data based on spline interpolation. Through piecewise polynomial interpolation, we are able to avoid the numerical problems associated with global polynomial fitting and generate higher order systems to model simulated or measured wideband frequency response data. We reduce the complexity of the generated systems using a data point pruning algorithm and by applying model order reduction based on balanced truncation. The methodology provides substantially greater accuracy than global polynomial approximation while only having O(n) growth in model complexity.