cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding agrobiodiversity and the rise of resilience: analytic category, conceptual boundary object or meta-level transition?

The use of resilience as a concept has expanded significantly in scientific research and policy with regard to social–ecological interactions and sustainability. This paper asks first how resilience is being used analytically in studies of social–ecological systems. It then queries how resilience is being applied conceptually as a boundary object in scientific studies and policy formulations that seek to connect across social and environmental systems. It also asks how the use of resilience as a concept may reflect significant political and economic transitions. To address these questions, the article is focused on agrobiodiversity: the biological diversity of agri-food systems and the potential of food sovereignty at spatial scales that are local and national as well as global. It draws on extensive field studies and archival historical research of agri-food systems comprised of staple food plant complexes (maize, potatoes, quinoa, common beans and the Andean tuber crops of ulluco, oca and mashua) in rur...
Just Do It! Reducing Academic Procrastination of Secondary Students.

Academic procrastination is a common problem among secondary students. This paper provides secondary teachers with evidence-based strategies to reduce or prevent academic procrastination in their classrooms. Given that reducing academic procrastination is a responsibility for teachers as well as students, the paper describes teacher-administered strategies related to assignment and course design as well as student-administered strategies related to self-management and its variations. In conclusion, a framework encompassing these strategies and modifications for different learner types, the three-tier anti-procrastination (T-TAP) model, is presented.
THE BAND-PASS DISTRIBUTED AMPLIFIER

General expressions have been obtained for the gain of a simple distributed amplifier with any number of tubes joined by identical reactive symmetrical filter sections, with or without unsymmetrical terminating sections at the ends of the filter chains. These results may be applied to the band-pass as well as to the low-pass distributed amplifier. It is shown that reduction of band-edg peaks is much more difficult of accomplishment in the band-pass case Some considerations regarding the choice of the most suitable filter network in the band-pass case are given, as well as experimental results.
New approaches for detecting complement-fixing antibodies

Purpose of review Complement-fixing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies are a contraindication to solid organ transplant. Newer solid phase assays for HLA antibody definition have created treatment quandaries because many more antibodies are detected by these methods. It is unclear which of the antibodies identified are clinically relevant as all IgG-binding antibodies are detected whether they can fix complement or not. Recent findings Two methods have been developed to assess complement-fixing capability in the solid phase assays: C4d and C1q. These assays, especially the sensitive C1q method, have been reported to more closely correlate with renal and cardiac graft dysfunction, rejection, and graft failure than antibodies detected only by the traditional IgG method. Additionally, the C1q method can be used to predict and monitor desensitization status pre and posttransplant in patients being treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Summary The availability of these complement-fixing assays provides new tools for making treatment decisions by discriminating antibodies with known clinical relevance and to assess the clinical relevance of binding antibodies that cannot fix complement. The assays also provide a means of assessing when to transplant a patient undergoing desensitization or when to discontinue augmented immunosuppression for resolving antibody-mediated rejection.
Probabilistic and deterministic response of Short Spacer Truss with defective joints and imperfect members

A preliminary configuration of the Short Spacer Truss is analyzed to predict its deterministic and probabilistic response. The structure is considered to have a special type of joint defect and member initial imperfection. The special member end connection defect is created by considering only the global translation degrees of freedom of some selected member ends to be connected to those of the corresponding joints at which the member ends meet. The initial member imperfection is considered in terms of some members being initially bent or crooked. The initial bent shape of members is considered to be sinusoidal. The NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) finite element computational code, "Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures under Stresses" (NESSUS), is used for the response determination. Results from the study include deterministic vibration frequencies, static displacements, and buckling loads. Cumulative probability levels and sensitivity factors are obtained for vibration frequencies, displacement, and buckling eigenvalues to delineate the effects of several geometric, loading, and material design variables on the response of the structure having the two special construction conditions. Results from both the deterministic and probabilistic studies show that a single special member end connection defect is found to have significant effects on vibration frequencies, especially the first mode. However, the 'Assistant rofessor, Dept. of Civil Engineering Member AIAA, ASCE "Aerospace Engineer, Structural Mechanics Branch deterministic results indicate that effects on displacements and buckling loads are observed to be small due to one end connection defect. Larger number of the member end connection defects have appreciable influence on the displacement. Effects of the initial member imperfection is observed to have small effects on the response. Results from the probabilistic analysis indicate that although overall cumulative probabilities of displacements and buckling loads change very slightly due to initial member imperfection, different design variables show greater level of sensitivity.
ON THE CORRECTION OF LAND-BASED WIND MEASUREMENTS FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS

Simultaneous offshore and onshore wind measurements were made at stations ranging from Somalia, near the equator, to the Gulf of Alaska. Offshore data obtained from standard U.S. NOAA buoys, research platforms, and merchant ships were compared with data from coastal stations. The results indicated that, under the commonly observed speed of 5-6 m/s, land measurements of mean wind speed are only 63% of the offshore mean speed. Furthermore, it was found that only those stations located in the beach area that measure wind speed above both the internal boundary layer and the nocturnal inversion height represent offshore conditions. In order to correct land-measured wind data, a formula is developed and verified by all 2/3 existing data sets. A simplified equation, i.e., U = 3 U1 s is proposed for offshore applications. Criteria for in situ wind measurements near the coast are outlined. Data reduction procedures for inland stations are also provided.
Coupling centennial-scale shoreline change to sea-level rise and coastal morphology in the Gulf of Mexico using a Bayesian network

Predictions of coastal evolution driven by episodic and persistent processes associated with storms and relative sea-level rise (SLR) are required to test our understanding, evaluate our predictive capability, and to provide guidance for coastal management decisions. Previous work demonstrated that the spatial variability of long-term shoreline change can be predicted using observed SLR rates, tide range, wave height, coastal slope, and a characterization of the geomorphic setting. The shoreline is not sufficient to indicate which processes are important in causing shoreline change, such as overwash that depends on coastal dune elevations. Predicting dune height is intrinsically important to assess future storm vulnerability. Here, we enhance shoreline-change predictions by including dune height as a variable in a statistical modeling approach. Dune height can also be used as an input variable, but it does not improve the shoreline-change prediction skill. Dune-height input does help to reduce prediction uncertainty. That is, by including dune height, the prediction is more precise but not more accurate. Comparing hindcast evaluations, better predictive skill was found when predicting dune height (0.8) compared with shoreline change (0.6). The skill depends on the level of detail of the model and we identify an optimized model that has high skill and minimal overfitting. The predictive model can be implemented with a range of forecast scenarios, and we illustrate the impacts of a higher future sea-level. This scenario shows that the shoreline change becomes increasingly erosional and more uncertain. Predicted dune heights are lower and the dune height uncertainty decreases.
Femoral Component Rotation in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparison Between Transepicondylar Axis and Posterior Condylar Line Referencing

Abstract Background Proper rotational alignment of the femoral component is critical for a successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Controversy remains regarding the optimal intraoperative reference to determine femoral component rotation. Methods Thirty-one patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of a TKA between April 2008 and November 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A single surgeon performed the TKA using a posterior condylar angle of 3° (PCA group) or surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA group) to determine femoral component rotation. The hip-knee-ankle angle and the tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle (TPTSA) were measured on full-length x-rays, and the rotation of the femoral component was measured as compared to the TEA on magnetic resonance imaging (negative values indicate internal rotation). Results The median measured rotational deviation of the femoral component from the TEA was significantly higher in the PCA group than in the TEA group (−3.8 ± 2.9° and −1.4 ± 1.9°, respectively) ( P = .02). When knees with preoperative varus and neutral alignment were evaluated, the median measured rotational deviation of the femoral component was significantly higher in the fixed PCL group than in the TEA group (−3.4 ± 3.3° and −0.61 ± 1.3°, respectively) ( P = .04). Linear regression used to evaluate the relationship between the TPTSA and femoral component rotational deviation from the TEA revealed similar near zero slopes ( P = .90); however, the Y intercepts in the TEA group were significantly higher than the PCA group (−2.8 ± 0.7 and −5.5 ± 1.1, respectively) ( P = .007). Conclusion The use of the surgical TEA as an intraoperative rotational reference is more reliable than the PCA in valgus, varus, and neutrally aligned knees independent from the magnitude of the TPTSA.
A developmental overview of child and youth sports in society

This article provides a brief review of sport participation for children and adolescents from psychological, physical, and social developmental perspectives. The following areas are reviewed: the relationship between normal developmental readiness and sporting participation; the potential positive and negative aspects of athletic participation for the child and adolescent; the effects of sporting participation on self-concept; potential adverse physical and psychological effects; recent research regarding motivation for youth sports participation; proposed recommendations for guidelines in youth sport programs; a social perspective on sports in the United States; the current and future role of child and adolescent psychiatrists; and future challenges for sport psychiatry.
Social Sciences Integration Model

Social scientists have proposed various conceptual models to describe and evaluate the process of interaction between the (1) management and the (2) environment. Some of these conceptual schemes have been examined in the preceding chapters where the models of the organizational systems and environmental systems were briefly reviewed. The purpose of this chapter is to propose a pragmatic scheme of social sciences integration which can be effectively utilized by the businessman in the dynamic society of today. Attention is focused on the requirements and the necessities of the current age.
Law and Religion in American History: Public Values and Private Conscience

This book furthers dialogue on the separation of church and state with an approach that emphasizes intellectual history and the constitutional theory that underlies American society. Mark Douglas McGarvie explains that the founding fathers of America considered the right of conscience to be an individual right, to be protected against governmental interference. While the religion clauses enunciated this right, its true protection occurred in the creation of separate public and private spheres. Religion and the churches were placed in the private sector. Yet, politically active Christians have intermittently mounted challenges to this bifurcation in calling for a greater public role for Christian faith and morality in American society. Both students and scholars will learn much from this intellectual history of law and religion that contextualizes a four-hundred-year-old ideological struggle.
Partial redundancy and functional specialization of E-class SEPALLATA genes in an early-diverging eudicot

Plant MADS-box genes have duplicated extensively, allegedly contributing to the immense diversity of floral form in angiosperms. In Arabidopsis thaliana (a core eudicot model plant), four SEPALLATA (SEP) genes comprise the E-class from the extended ABCE model of flower development. They are redundantly involved in the development of the four types of floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) and in floral meristem determinacy. E-class genes have been examined in other core eudicots and monocots, but have been less investigated in non-core eudicots. Our goal was to functionally characterize the E-class genes in the early-diverging eudicot Thalictrum thalictroides (Ranunculaceae), whose flowers are apetalous. We identified four SEP orthologs, which when placed in a phylogenetic context, resulted from a major gene duplication event before the origin of angiosperms and a subsequent duplication at the origin of the Ranunculales. We used Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) to down-regulate the three expressed paralogs individually and in combination to investigate their function and to determine the degree of conservation versus divergence of this important plant transcription factor. All loci were partially redundant in sepal and stamen identity and in promoting petaloidy of sepals, yet the SEP3 ortholog had a more pronounced role in carpel identity and development. The two other paralogs appear to have subfunctionalized in their cadastral roles to keep the boundaries between either sepal and stamen zones or stamen and carpel zones. Double knockdowns had enhanced phenotypes and the triple knockdown had an even more severe phenotype that included partial to complete homeotic conversion of stamens and carpels to sepaloid organs and green sepals, highlighting a role of E-class genes in petaloidy of sepals in this species. While no floral meristem determinacy defects were observed, this could be due to residual amounts of gene expression in the VIGS experiments being sufficient to perform this function or to the masking role of a redundant gene.
Numerical analysis of aerodynamic noise mitigation via leading edge serrations for a rod–airfoil configuration:

Noise produced by aerodynamic interaction between a circular cylinder (rod) and an airfoil in a tandem arrangement is investigated numerically using incompressible large eddy simulations. Quasi-per...
Does Christopher Chen vote more than Shu-Wei Chen? The cost of ethnic retention among Asian American voters

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the saliency of ethnic markers for those who are formally incorporated in the electoral process. In this paper, I examine whether voters with distinctively ethnic names show different participatory patterns than voters with Anglicized names. Drawing on a unique dataset of over 50,000 Asian American registered voters in New York City, I find that name Anglicization has a significant association with their political engagement. Not only do voters with Anglicized names tend to vote more frequently, they are more likely to vote in lower level elections than those holding ethnic names. Furthermore, this pattern is particularly salient in large minority groups such as Chinese, Indian American, and Korean voters, while Japanese and Vietnamese voters show no such patterns. These findings suggest that cultural assimilation should be considered as an important part of minority assimilation beyond formal incorporation. Furthermore, results also offer new possibilities for name-based mobil...
Introduction to Plant Developmental Biology

The current picture of development of flowering plants or angiosperms is strongly colored by the strategies employed to study the twin processes of growth and differentiation in vascular plants in general. A brief historical survey shows that the early attempts to study plant development focused on the clearly ordered process of growth whereby the structural and functional organization of the plant body, beginning with the single-celled fertilized egg or the zygote, became progressively established. This led to the thesis that the fundamental phenomena embodied in plant development are the production of specialized cells and their organization into tissues and organs of the adult plant. In this scenario, the study of meristems, most importantly of the shoot apical and root apical meristems-first organized during embryogenesis as the apicobasal body plan takes shape-became a matter of great importance, because most plant organs can be traced to the cells formed at the apical meristems. At the same time, our thinking about the development of plants appeared to center on the coordination of the dynamic activities of the root, stem, leaves, and flowers. Of course, the fact that, unlike animals, plants cannot move from place to place to find mates or seek food introduced a new idea that some fine-tuning of their growth and development occurs as a result of the prevailing environmental conditions. Little attention was given in these investigations to the determination of what processes are involved in the production of plant organs, how the processes are related, and how they are controlled.
Security Interests in Transport Vehicles: The Cape Town Convention and Portuguese Law

This contribution compares Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and Portuguese law, starting from the main features of the Convention: the international interest; the registration system; the enforcement of security interests; and the treatment of security interests under the insolvency procedure.
Emotion Dysregulation and Autonomic Responses to Film, Rumination, and Body Awareness: Extending Psychophysiological Research to a Naturalistic Clinical Setting and a Chemically Dependent Female Sample

Substance use is a complex clinical problem characterized by emotion dysregulation and daily challenges that can interfere with laboratory research. Thus, few psychophysiological studies examine autonomic and self-report measures of emotion dysregulation with multidiagnostic, chemically dependent samples or extend this work into naturalistic settings. In this study, we used a within-subject design to examine changes in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), electrodermal activity (EDA), and self-reported affect across three tasks designed to elicit distinct psychophysiological and emotional response patterns. We also examined emotion dysregulation as a moderator of psychophysiological responses. Participants include 116 women with multiple comorbid mental health conditions enrolled in substance use treatment, many of whom also reported high emotion dysregulation. Participants were assessed in the treatment setting and completed three tasks: watching a sad movie clip, rumination on a stressful event, and a mindful interoceptive awareness meditation. Multilevel models were used to examine changes from resting baselines to the tasks. During the film, results indicate a significant decrease in RSA and an increase in EDA. For the rumination task, participants showed a decrease in RSA but no EDA response. For the body awareness task, there was an increase in RSA and a decrease in EDA. Emotion dysregulation was associated with differences in baseline RSA but not with EDA or with the slope of response patterns across tasks. Self-reported affect was largely consistent with autonomic patterns. Findings add to the literature on emotion dysregulation, substance use, and the translation of psychophysiological measurements into clinical settings with complex samples.
Globalization of the Insurgent State

Insurgents increasingly encounter asymmetric conditions when challenging individual governments from within their borders. Such circumstances prompted some Islamist insurgents to join al-Qaeda and pursue a supranational insurgency, using Afghanistan as their base. Their actions were part of a spatial process that unfolded in three stages. Stage 1 began in the 1980s as Muslim volunteers travelled to Afghanistan, where they fought beside Afghan mujahideen against Soviet forces. During Stage 2, some of these veterans took part in Islamist insurgencies in their home countries or other parts of the Islamic world. Setbacks during the second stage prompted some jihadists to return to Afghanistan. During this third stage, al-Qaeda members assisted the Taliban in the Afghan civil war while planning and conducting attacks against their adversaries around the world. Despite language differences, Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan proved superior to Egypt, Algeria, and other regions as an insurgent base. Channelized m...
Secure Sensor Design for Cyber-Physical Systems Against Advanced Persistent Threats

We introduce a new paradigm to the field of control theory: “secure sensor design”. Particularly, we design sensor outputs cautiously against advanced persistent threats that can intervene in cyber-physical systems. Such threats are designed for the very specific target systems and seeking to achieve their malicious goals in the long term while avoiding intrusion detection. Since such attacks can avoid detection mechanisms, the controller of the system could have already been intervened in by an adversary. Disregarding such a possibility and disclosing information without caution can have severe consequences. Therefore, through secure sensor design, we seek to minimize the damage of such undetected attacks in cyber-physical systems while impacting the ordinary operations of the system at minimum. We, specifically, consider a controlled Markov-Gaussian process, where a sensor observes the state of the system and discloses information to a controller that can have friendly or adversarial intentions. We show that sensor outputs that are memoryless and linear in the state of the system can be optimal, in the sense of game-theoretic hierarchical equilibrium, within the general class of strategies. We also provide a semi-definite programming based algorithm to design the secure sensor outputs numerically.
Defects in T-Cell Regulation: Lessons for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Publisher Summary The intestinal mucosa can pose a considerable risk if not kept under very tight control, as is clearly illustrated by the severe intestinal pathology that often accompanies human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD encompasses two related conditions, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), that are thought to arise as immunopathological manifestations of a variety of initiating and predisposing factors. The recent emergence of a new generation of rodent IBD models born from refined and novel approaches to the manipulation of the immune system has generated new excitement in the field IBD research. Some of the first of the new spontaneous IBD models appeared as the unexpected consequence of targeted mutations of regulatory T-cell cytokine genes, including IL-2. The development of colitis in these animals was significant since it underscored the importance of cytokine-mediated regulation of pathogenic T cells. The studies of cytokine-deficient mice were complemented by others that demonstrated the importance of specific T-cell subsets in maintaining homeostasis within the mucosal lymphoid compartment.
Optimization of ultrahigh-speed multiplex PCR for forensic analysis.

In this paper, we demonstrate the design and optimization of an ultrafast PCR amplification technique, used with a seven-locus multiplex that is compatible with conventional capillary electrophoresis systems as well as newer microfluidic chip devices. The procedure involves the use of a high-speed polymerase and a rapid cycling protocol to permit multiplex PCR amplification of forensic short tandem repeat loci in 6.5 min. We describe the selection and optimization of master mix reagents such as enzyme, buffer, MgCl2, and dNTPs, as well as primer ratios, total volume, and cycle conditions, in order to get the best profile in the shortest time possible. Sensitivity and reproducibility studies are also described. The amplification process utilizes a small high-speed thermocycler and compact laptop, making it portable and potentially useful for rapid, inexpensive on-site genotyping. The seven loci of the multiplex were taken from conventional STR genotyping kits and selected for their size and lack of overlap. Analysis was performed using conventional capillary electrophoresis and microfluidics with fluorescent detection. Overall, this technique provides a more rapid method for rapid sample screening of suspects and victims.
Transient implicit wave propagation dynamics with overlapping finite elements

Abstract We present novel overlapping finite elements used with the Bathe time integration method to solve transient wave propagation problems. The solution scheme shows two important properties that have been difficult to achieve in the numerical solution of general wave propagations: monotonic convergence of calculated solutions with decreasing time step size and a solution accuracy almost independent of the direction of wave propagation through the mesh. The proposed scheme can be efficiently used with irregular meshes. These properties make the scheme (the combined spatial and temporal discretizations) promising to solve general wave propagation problems in complex geometries involving multiple waves. A dispersion analysis is given and various example problems are solved to illustrate the performance of the solution scheme.
Sparse recovery with quantized multiple measurement vectors

We address the quantized sparse recovery problem with multiple measurement vectors, where each measurement is represented using a finite number of bits. The source signals are sparse and share the same sparse support, and the goal is to recover that support. A general framework based on sparse Bayesian learning is developed, which is applicable to both 1-bit and multi-bit scalar quantization. We show through numerical simulations that as the number of the measurements increases, the proposed algorithm can provide support recovery performance similar to that when the measurements are unquantized.
Triple vessel injury with single penetrating trauma to the lower extremity requiring popliteal to posterior tibial artery bypass

This is a case report describing the delayed presentation of injury to all three lower extremity infrapopliteal arteries after a 34 year old male sustained multiple gunshot wounds, including one to his left lower extremity. As part of his initial assessment, ankle brachial index was performed and was found to be abnormal. Further work up for this was delayed due to need for emergent trauma laparotomy. After this procedure, more detailed evaluation with CT angiography of the extremity injury was performed. Though imaging indicated adequate perfusion of the lower extremity, serial neurovascular examination revealed inadequate perfusion. The patient required arterial reconstruction and fasciotomies. This case demonstrates the need for continued surveillance of extremity perfusion in atypical trauma cases when index of suspicion suggests the degree of injury may be worse than initial work up may indicate.
A Foundation of Principles for Expanding Habitual Domains

A human brain is like a super Computer (Hardware) and has practically unlimited potential capacity. However, because of their habitual patterns of thinking (Software), people use only a very small percentage of the capacity. Their ability for effective problem-solving very much relies on how they Up-grade the Software and break undesirable and inefficient habits. Habitual domain studies aim at providing general principles, techniques, and theoretical foundations of how to expand and enrich habitual domains. In this paper, we show the importance of studying habitual domains using familiar examples. We introduce basic concepts of the habilual domain theory. We present three of the most commonly used principles of expanding habitual domains. Finally. as a new conttibution of this paper. we present a theoretical Interpre-tation of the principles using the notion of activation probabilities and attention spectra.
Ureteroscopy for Renal Stones with Case Discussion of Lower Pole Stones

Ureteroscopy has evolved considerably over the past decade, and the currently available scopes and instruments permit the ureteroscopic treatment of calculi within any location in the urinary collecting system. Earlier ureteroscopes had limitations in visibility and flexion, which was further exacerbated when combined with adjuncts such as baskets or the laser fiber itself. Such limitations were most apparent in treatment of lower pole renal calculi. Additionally, patient factors (e.g. morbid obesity) or stone factors (e.g. increased Hounsfield density or radiolucency) plays little role, if any, in the ureteroscopic management of stones. Excessive stone burden continues to be the main limiting factor for retrograde stone management, but in cases where other options are contraindicated, e.g. in the anticoagulated patient, URS still prevails as a preferred option.
Outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-ICE based on dual expression of MYC and BCL2.

e19043Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with dual expression (DE) of MYC and BCL2 has poorer prognosis than non-DE following 1st line R-CHOP. Recent data show relapsed/refractory (r...
Whistleblowing Games in Networks

We model the effect of networks on the uptake of risky innovations by workers and the policy-making of their managers as a Stackelberg game. We specifically examine (networked) semi-anonymous (SA) whistleblowing policies, where workers can report specific observed instances of unsanctioned behavior to management. This setting is labeled semi-anonymous in contrast with the anonymous case, where only the existence of such behavior is reported without mention of potential culprits. We compare the subgame-perfect equilibria of the SA Stackelberg game for general networks and for regular graphs with the corresponding equilibria of the anonymous whistleblowing case, in which whistleblowing has been shown to only flourish in a light-punishment regime. We observe that SA whistleblowing can lead to better equilibrium outcomes for the manager, as the network structure induces a heterogeneity in responses from the workers which can be exploited by the manager to maintain moderate amounts of unsanctioned, but potentially beneficial, behavior. Workers will exhibit different behavior depending on how many peers they observe and are observed by, cheating if the audit probability is below a specific threshold and reporting observed cheating otherwise. Without this network-induced behavioral heterogeneity (e.g., for regular graphs), SA whistleblowing equilibria resemble those arising from anonymous policies. Finally, we show that in a light-punishment regime, workers with the fewest neighbors will be the most likely to cheat.
Risk analysis for hurricanes accounting for the effects of climate change

Abstract Hurricanes are a complex hazard that involves several aspects (wind, rainfall, and storm surge). Past work typically considered one or two of these aspects in isolation. However, to accurately predict the associated damage and losses, it is important to include all three aspects. When looking at long-term analyses, climate change and changes in the built environment add further complexity. The choice and design of mitigation and adaptation strategies for the impact of hurricanes, both at the built or modified natural environment and at the community level, have to be based on complete and accurate risk analyses. Such risk analyses require a framework capable of incorporating all three aspects of the hazard and have to be based on models that fully account for the relevant uncertainties in the hazard as well as in the possible scenarios of climate change. This chapter presents a risk analysis framework for hurricanes. The presented framework has four steps: the modelling of the hurricane activity, the modelling of the hazard scenarios, the modelling of damage and losses, and the development of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Suitable models for the first and third steps can be already found in the literature, and this chapter focuses on the second step of the proposed framework and presents a probabilistic model for storm-surge predictions. Lastly, for the fourth step, the chapter shows the possible use of the information obtained by the proposed risk analysis in the development of mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Re-evaluating eligibility criteria: Analysis of factors leading to nonparticipation and outcomes of patients (pt) with advanced cancer who signed consent but were not treated in early-phase immunotherapy (IO) trials.

2552Background: Eligibility criteria protect the safety of trial pt and delineate the study population. Excessively restrictive criteria, however, can negatively impact accrual and prevent access t...
Differences in the Value Relevance of Identifiable Intangible Assets Acquired in Business Combinations

Motivated by investor criticisms of current accounting policy, this study investigates whether differences exist in how acquired identifiable intangible assets relate to investors’ expectations about the entity’s future cash flow prospects. Some investors assert that all acquired intangibles should be subsumed within goodwill; while others call for separate recognition from goodwill only when identifiable intangibles are separable from the business, have defined useful lives, and have identifiable revenue streams (i.e., “wasting” intangibles). Still other investors prefer separate recognition of identifiable intangibles only when they are strategically important sources of future cash flows. Consistent with some investor views, we find cross-sectional variation in value relevance based on differences in underlying asset characteristics. Our primary findings suggest that separate recognition of strategically important wasting intangibles provides information different from that provided by goodwill, and that there is no loss of value relevant information if other intangibles are subsumed in goodwill.
Mentoring across difference: success and struggle in an academic geography career

AbstractThis autobiographical account of a black female feminist geographer’s experiences with mentoring and success in the academy offers analysis, lessons and strategies. My distinctive graduate ...
Addiction and pastoral care

Sonia E. Water’s Addiction and Pastoral Care makes many welcome contributions to persons seeking a more comprehensive and contemporary understanding of the multiple origins and impact of addictions...
Making sense of estimates of health aid from China

The global aid landscape is rapidly changing. So-called ‘emerging’ or ‘non-traditional’ donors (ie, those that have only recently substantially stepped up their development finance support) are pushing the boundaries of existing aid practices. Among such non-traditional donors, China stands out as a major player because of its recent high-profile commitments, like the Belt and Road Initiative, and its major role in establishing new development finance institutions, such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Although China is often thought of as a new donor, this categorisation is somewhat misleading: China has provided aid to fellow low-income and middle-income countries for decades. However, China’s role as a major financier of and leader in global development is a relatively recent phenomenon. Health aid played a major role in China’s external aid even in its earliest days. Chinese medical teams were among China’s flagship foreign policy efforts; China dispatched its first medical team to Algeria in 1963.1 Chinese health aid typically involves transferring experience and lessons learnt from domestic successes. For example, based on China’s own success in controlling malaria, it sent medical teams to malaria endemic countries to advise on malaria control. Its aid primarily focuses on dispatching medical teams, providing in-kind medical equipment and drugs, building health infrastructure and assisting in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, particularly malaria.2 In the last few years, health has played a much more prominent role in China’s foreign engagement. To complement the Belt and Road Initiative’s focus on infrastructure, China signed a memorandum of understanding with the World Health Organization for a ‘Health Silk Road’.3 Health was also front and centre at the latest Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC): global health was one of eight main initiatives committed to by President Xi and African leaders.4 On the sidelines of the …
Proximity-based active learning for eating moment recognition in wearable systems

Detecting when eating occurs is an essential step toward automatic dietary monitoring, medication adherence assessment, and diet-related health interventions. Wearable technologies play a central role in designing unobtrusive diet monitoring solutions by leveraging machine learning algorithms that work on time-series sensor data to detect eating moments. While much research has been done on developing activity recognition and eating moment detection algorithms, the performance of the detection algorithms drops substantially when the model is utilized by a new user. To facilitate the development of personalized models, we propose PALS, Proximity-based Active Learning on Streaming data, a novel proximity-based model for recognizing eating gestures to significantly decrease the need for labeled data with new users. Our extensive analysis in both controlled and uncontrolled settings indicates F-score of PALS ranges from 22% to 39% for a budget that varies from 10 to 60 queries. Furthermore, compared to the state-of-the-art approaches, off-line PALS achieves up to 40% higher recall and 12% higher F-score in detecting eating gestures.
Failure analysis of a broken support strut of an aircraft landing gear

Abstract This study contains the analysis of a nose landing gear support strut of an aircraft that failed during landing within 2 s after nose wheel touchdown. Visual inspection revealed that threaded portion of an eye-end bolt of the support strut was fractured. Furthermore, on the upper portion of the strut, one of the two retaining pins connecting it with aircraft structure was found dislodged from housing inflicting damage to the adjacent brackets. During detailed fractography, no indication of progressive failure was observed; on the contrary, clear signatures of overload failure were found. Compositional analysis revealed the fractured eye-end bolt to be AISI 4130 steel. Metallography revealed no nonconformities in the microstructure whereas the hardness was found to be as per desired values. Finite element method was used to find the (overload failure) stress in the eye-end bolt during landing. The landing impact forces were calculated using multibody dynamic tool MSC ADAMS® and subsequently applied to the support strut model in ANSYS®. Numerical stress simulations were performed for different cases and the stresses at the eye-end were analysed. The stress at the fractured region was within yield limit for all cases of normal operation. However, the stress rose to well beyond UTS when one pin connection was dislodged from the housing, owing to a likely improper installation.
Current Advances in Internet of Underground Things

The latest developments in Internet of Underground Things are covered in this chapter. First, the IOUT Architecture is discussed followed by the explanation of the challenges being faced in this paradigm. Moreover, a comprehensive coverage of the different IOUT components is presented that includes communications, sensing, and system integration with the cloud. An in-depth coverage of the applications of the IOUT in various disciplines is also surveyed. These applications include areas such as decision agriculture, pipeline monitoring, border control, and oil wells.
Locke and private law

I suggest in this chapter that much but not all of private law is consistent with Locke's understanding of private rights. Locke contemplated that natural rights would undergo some changes to accommodate the move from a state of natural to civil society. For example, natural rights must be standardized and restated in the form of determinate rules that permit private actors to anticipate the legal treatment of their transactions. A system of equity may also be helpful to facilitate judicial enforcement of rights. Other features of private law suggest that the state has assumed a more Hobbesian role, acting as a benevolent (we hope) dictator with authority to maintain peace, solve collective action problems, and otherwise modify rights in ways that members of the society think are fair.
Depressive Symptoms and Multimorbidity: Is There an Association for Older Black Americans?

Objectives: Many existing studies have reported a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among older Black Americans. They also experience a disproportionate burden of multimorbidity, the presence of multiple chronic conditions. Therefore, this study was to identify the association between depressive symptomatology and multimorbidity among older Black Americans. Methods: This study analyzed the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (N = 1206). A negative binomial regression was applied to assess the association between multimorbidity and depressive symptomatology. Results: Higher levels of chronic health problems were associated with higher levels of depressive symptomatology among older Black Americans (Incidence rate ratio = 1.093; p = .002). Lower self-reported health, lower income, and lower educational attainment were also related to higher depressive symptoms. Discussion: Older Black Americans experience vulnerability on multiple levels, and shouldering additional psychosocial and financial burdens adds to already established physical health disparities. This requires critical attention from both practice and policy.
“From Palestine to Mexico, all the walls have got to go”: rhetorical bordering as transnational settler colonial project

This essay analyzes the conditions that make comparisons between the US-Mexico borderlands and Palestine-Israel rhetorically resonant in the discourse of politicians and political organizers. Such ...
Immunology of Lynch Syndrome

Patients with Lynch syndrome have a high probability of developing colorectal and other carcinomas. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the immunologic aspects of Lynch syndrome pathogenesis and provides an overview of potential immune interventions for patients with Lynch syndrome polyps and Lynch syndrome–associated carcinomas. Immunogenic properties of the majority of Lynch syndrome polyps and associated cancers include microsatellite instability leading to a high mutational burden and the development of novel frameshift peptides, i.e., neoantigens. In addition, patients with Lynch syndrome develop T cell responses in the periphery and in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to tumor-associated antigens, and a proinflammatory cytokine TME has also been identified. However, Lynch syndrome lesions also possess immunosuppressive entities such as alterations in MHC class I antigen presentation, TGFβ receptor mutations, regulatory T cells, and upregulation of PD-L1 on tumor-associated lymphocytes. The rich immune microenvironment of Lynch syndrome polyps and associated carcinomas provides an opportunity to employ the spectrum of immune-mediating agents now available to induce and enhance host immune responses and/or to also reduce immunosuppressive entities. These agents can be employed in the so-called prevention trials for the treatment of patients with Lynch syndrome polyps and for trials in patients with Lynch syndrome–associated cancers.
Quantitative Visualization of Bluff-Body Wakes Via Particle Image Velocimetry

The instantaneous structure of generic types of wakes from cylinders and trailing-edges is characterized using high-image-density particle image velocimetry. Quasi-twodimensional and three-dimensional features of these flows are described by patterns of sectional steamlines and vorticity distributions.
Justice reinvestment in community supervision

Theproposition of “justice reinvestment” is attractive on the surface. If the money now spent on reducing crime by keeping people in prison could prevent just as much crime, or even more crime, if spent some other way, then why not do so? And if the problem is a defective budget mechanism, unable to translate prison savings into funding for the programs that could replace prison, then the obvious solution is to change the budget mechanism. Such a change would be “justice reinvestment” as a policy, rather than merely as a slogan. In “A private sector, incentives-based model for justice reinvestment,” Todd Clear (2011, this issue) makes a valiant attempt to imagine such a policy, focused on privatesector employers and community-based nongovernmental organization program operators offering employment and housing to the particular offenders whose nonincarceration will pay for the programs. But each of those choices—community focus, services orientation, delivery to specific offenders, and nongovernmental actors—has alternatives, and the article offers us no clear reason to think that those are the right choices in terms of crime control. The literature on recidivism reduction via service delivery—the “reentry” literature—for themost part,makes for fairly depressing reading; a program thatmoves the 3-year return-toprison rate from 66% to 60% counts as a success. Given that the total annual prison budget is only $60 billion, the potential savings from reduced incarceration can hardly finance major increases in social-service budgets or fuel major upsurges in neighborhood economic activity, even if spent in ways that lead to respending within the affected neighborhoods. By contrast, there are strong reasons to think that improved probation and parole supervision—as opposed to enhanced services—can make a big difference in reoffending and reincarceration, and can do so for small sums compared with the savings from reduced
Crystallization. Diversity suppresses growth.

Colloids, which consist of small particles in suspension, can switch from a fluid to a crystalline state. But a careful simulation of this phase transition shows that some types of colloids cannot crystallize.