cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Children of farm laborers : Utilization of services for mental health problems

Utilization of various types of services for children's mental health problems was examined among 112 agricultural farm worker families. Pairs of mothers and children (aged 8 to 11) were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children and the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment. Sixty-four percent of the children met criterion for one or more psychiatric diagnoses. Children with a psychiatric diagnosis were five times more likely to see a health professional for a mental health problem compared to children without a psychiatric diagnosis. However, less than half of the children with a psychiatric diagnosis saw a health professional for their mental health problems. Families also consulted with school professionals, religious leaders, and non-professionals (such as friends) concerning their children's mental health, but families of children who had a psychiatric diagnosis were not significantly more likely to report these types of consultations than were families of children who did not have a psychiatric diagnosis. These findings are discussed in terms of recommendations for improving the mental health service delivery system for rural children.
The role of disorder in maximizing the upper critical field in the Nb-Sn system

We have measured the transition temperature T c , upper critical field H c2 (T) and the resistivity above T c , ρT c , for thin films of electron beam co-evaporated Nb-Sn which were deposited as Nb 3 Sn at various substrate temperatures, or off-stoichiometry, or with tertiary additions of Al or Zr. The T c and H c2 correlate with the resistivity, no matter how the materials were made. A maximum H c2 (0) of about 300 kOe occurs when ρT c ∼ 30 μΩ-cm and the corresponding T c ∼ 16 K; also H c2 shows no sign of Pauli limiting.
Recipient-specific tolerance after HLA-mismatched umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND Lower incidence and severity of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) has been observed in leukemia patients receiving HLA-mismatched umbilical cord (UCB) transplants. However, despite the increased use of UCB in stem cell transplantation, the mechanisms underlying these favorable outcomes are not well delineated. METHODS We analyzed antigen specific lymphocyte responses after transplant to determine whether the decreased allogeneic responsiveness of UCB lymphocytes is attributable to pan-unresponsiveness, lymphocyte repressive or recipient-specific tolerance. RESULTS Circulating lymphocytes collected early (3 months) after UCB transplant demonstrate a less naive phenotype compared with that in the infused graft. Additionally, after transplant, circulating peripheral blood UCB-derived lymphocytes produced normal levels of interferon-gamma and proliferated normally when stimulated with mitogen or third party alloantigen. In contrast, when stimulated with recipient antigen, circulating lymphocytes emerging posttransplant did not proliferate nor produce interferon-gamma. Moreover, analysis of interleukin-4 production revealed a Th2 response to recipient antigens. These data indicate early induction of immune tolerance of naive UCB graft lymphocytes with skewing of transplant recipient-specific immune response towards Th2 cytokine profile. CONCLUSIONS UCB graft lymphocyte immune naivety and observed early tolerance induction may contribute to the observed favorable GVHD incidence, despite infusion of HLA mismatch grafts in the unrelated allogeneic setting.
Fungal endophyte N-acetylglucosaminidase expression in the infected host grass

Fungal endophytes of the genera Neotyphodium and Epichloe are important mutualistic symbionts and pathogens of many cool-season grass species. Here we report the characterization of a secreted N-acetylglucosaminidase from the Neotyphodium sp. endophyte that infects the grass Poa ampla. The enzyme was expressed at low levels within the host, and activity could be detected in the apoplastic protein fraction. Low-level expression could also be detected in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. fallax), and tall fescue (L. arundinaceum). The enzyme may function in the recycling of chitin oligomers generated from turnover of the fungal cell wall. This is the first report of a secreted N-acetylglucosaminidase expressed by an endophytic fungus in the infected host plant.
Study of surface convective zone behavior of solar pond in laboratory

Abstract This paper reports some results of a study of the effect of variation of salinity and air temperature on surface zone behavior in a laboratory tabk. The data shiws that the boundary between surface and gradient zones moves down as a result of increasing aslinity in the surface zone. The effect of daily imbient air temperature change over the range studied on flunctuation of boundary level between the surface and gradient zones can be negligible when the effect of wind and evaporation is fairly small. Wind and evaporation from surface water play an important role in the above effect. Wind and evaporation from surface water play an important role in the above effect.
Conformationally locked isostere of phosphoSer-cis-Pro inhibits Pin1 23-fold better than phosphoSer-trans-Pro isostere

Stereoisomeric cis and trans substrate analogues for Pin1 were designed and synthesized. The central phosphoSer-Pro core of the Pin1 substrate was replaced by cis and trans amide isosteres in Ac-Phe-Phe-pSer-Psi[(Z and E)CH=C]-Pro-Arg-NH(2), 1 and 2, peptidomimetics. They were synthesized on solid phase in 17% yield for the cis analogue 1, and 16% yield for the trans analogue 2. A second trans amide isostere with a C-terminal N-methylamide 3 was synthesized in 7% yield. The protease-coupled Pin1 assay showed that all three compounds inhibited the Pin1 peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) enzymatic activity. The cis isostere 1 was 23 times more potent (K(i) = 1.74 +/- 0.08 muM) than its trans counterpart 2 (K(i) = 40 +/- 2 muM) in competitive inhibition of Pin1. These results suggest that the catalytic site of Pin1 binds cis substrates more tightly in aqueous solution. Antiproliferative activity toward the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line by the cis and trans analogues correlates with Pin1 inhibition results.
A correlation-matrix-based hierarchical clustering method for functional connectivity analysis

In this study, a correlation matrix based hierarchical clustering (CMBHC) method is introduced to extract multiple correlation patterns from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. It was applied to spontaneous fMRI signals acquired from anesthetized rats, and the results were then compared with those obtained using independent component analysis (ICA), one of the most popular multivariate analysis method for analyzing spontaneous fMRI signals. It was demonstrated that the CMBHC has a higher sensitivity than the ICA, particularly on a single run data, for identifying correlation structures with relatively weak connections, for instance, the thalamocortical connections. Compared to the seed-based correlation analysis, the CMBHC does not require a priori information and thus can avoid potential biases caused by seed selection, and multiple patterns can be extracted at one time. In contrast to other multivariate methods, the CMBHC is based on spatiotemporal correlations of fMRI signals and its analysis outcomes are easy to interpret as the strength of functional connectivity. Moreover, its sensitivity of detecting patterns remains relatively high even for a single dataset. In conclusion, the CMBHC method could be a useful tool for investigating resting-state brain connectivity and function.
Early recognition of speech

Classic research on the perception of speech sought to identify minimal acoustic correlates of each consonant and vowel. In explaining perception, this view designated momentary components of an acoustic spectrum as cues to the recognition of elementary phonemes. This conceptualization of speech perception is untenable given the findings of phonetic sensitivity to modulation independent of the acoustic and auditory form of the carrier. The empirical key is provided by studies of the perceptual organization of speech, a low-level integrative function that finds and follows the sensory effects of speech amid concurrent events. These projects have shown that the perceptual organization of speech is keyed to modulation; fast; unlearned; nonsymbolic; indifferent to short-term auditory properties; and organization requires attention. The ineluctably multisensory nature of speech perception also imposes conditions that distinguish language among cognitive systems. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:213–223. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1213
Science Curriculum in Practice: Student Teachers' Use of Hands-On Activities in High-Stakes Testing Schools.

This article describes the influence of recently adopted high-stakes testing on the curriculum and instruction of 12 secondary science student teachers (or interns). The study, which used a postpositivist, qualitative method with researcher as participant as the university supervisor, focused on interns' abilities to implement hands-on, reform-minded practices in the context of their school placements. Findings indicate that high-stakes testing could adversely influence interns' use of hands-on activities in courses assessed on tests and in schools where students did not receive high scores.
Radio continuum observations of Maffei 2.

WE have mapped the area containing the suspected galaxies Maffei 1 and 2 at a wavelength of 11 cm with half-power beam-width 5′.0 using the 300 foot transit telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Green Bank, West Virginia, from January 28 to 31, 1971. A three-feed system with four receivers was used; the centre feed provided independent right-and left-hand circularly polarized beams at the same point in the sky, and two outrigger beams (2′ north and 2′ south of the centre beam) each received right hand circularly polarized radiation. Several transits with the telescope set at different declinations provided full mapping of an area between right ascensions 02 h 25 m and 02 h 43 m (1950.0) and between declinations + 59° 15′ and 59° 33′ (1950.0). The output of the radiometers was recorded every 4 s. With the parametric amplifiers used, the lower flux density limit was set by confusion rather than by system noise. We estimate that the lower flux density limit for detection of a point source is 0.06 f.u.
PNA/dsDNA Complexes: Site Specific Binding and dsDNA Biosensor Applications

The ability of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) to form specific higher-order (i.e., three- and four-stranded) complexes with DNA makes it an ideal structural probe for designing strand-specific dsDNA biosensors. Higher-order complexes are formed between a dye-labeled charge-neutral PNA probe and complementary dsDNA. Addition of a light-harvesting cationic conjugated polymer (CCP) yields supramolecular structures held together by electrostatic forces that incorporate the CCP and the dye-labeled PNA/DNA complexes. Optimization of optical properties allows for excitation of the CCP and subsequent fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to the PNA-bound dye. In the case of noncomplementary dsDNA, complexation between the probe and target does not occur, and dye emission is weak. The binding between PNA and noncomplementary and complementary dsDNA was examined by several methods. Gel electrophoresis confirms specificity of binding and the formation of higher-order complexes. Nano-electrospray mass spectromet...
Speedy fabrication of diameter-controlled Ag nanowires using glycerol under microwave irradiation conditions

Diameter-controlled Ag nanowires were rapidly fabricated (1 min) using inexpensive, abundant, and environmentally-friendly glycerol as both a reductant and solvent under non-stirred microwave irradiation conditions; no Ag particles were formed using conventional heating methods. The temperature and pressure of the reaction systems were monitored to investigate the role of microwaves in the assembly of nanowires.
Pooling Lead-Time Risk by Order Splitting: A Critical Review

After more than 20 years of extensive study, the policy of pooling lead-time risk by simultaneously splitting replenishment orders among several suppliers continues to attract the attention of researchers. A critical review of the extant literature is conducted. Important and persistent limitations of current research are revealed that may make the policy uneconomical, in general, and more promising research directions are suggested.
Instantaneous Local Heat Flux Measurements in a Small Utility Engine

Heat flux measurements were performed in an air-cooled utility engine using a fast-response coaxial-type surface thermocouple. The surface heat flux was calculated using both analytical and numerical models. The heat flux was found to be a strong function of engine load. The peak heat flux and initial heat flux rise rate increase with engine load. The measured heat flux data were used to estimate a global heat transfer rate, and this was compared with the heat transfer rate calculated by a single-zone heat release analysis. The measured values of heat transfer were higher than the calculated values largely because of the lack of spatial averaging. The high load data showed an unexplainable negative heat flux during the expansion stroke while the gas temperature was still high. A 1D and 2D finite difference numerical model utilizing an adaptive timestep Crank-Nicholson (CN) integration routine was developed to investigate the surface temperature measurement. Applying the measured surface temperature profile to the 1D model, the resultant surface heat flux showed excellent agreement with the analytical inversion solution and captured the reversal of the energy flow back into the cylinder during the expansion stroke. The 2D numerical model was developed to observe transient lateral conduction effects within the probe and incorporated the various materials used in the construction and assembly of the heat flux sensor. The resulting average heat flux profile for the test case is shown to be slightly higher in peak and longer in duration when compared with the results from the 1D analytical inversion, and this is attributed to contributions from the high thermal diffusivity constituents in the sensor. Furthermore, the negative heat flux at high load was not eliminated suggesting that factors other than lateral conduction may be affecting the measurement accuracy.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Development and application of a model to estimate wastewater treatment plant prescription pharmaceutical influent loadings and concentrations.

A mass balance model was developed to estimate prescription pharmaceutical loadings to municipal wastewater treatment plants via computation of influent concentrations (C IN). Model estimates of C IN were compared with published data and found to be accurate within an order of magnitude for some 90% of the drugs evaluated. The model was then used to rank prescription drugs on a per-capita mass loading basis for comparison with current research efforts and coupled with two EPISuite ™ programs to generate estimates for environmental exposure. Results showed marked discrepancies between prescription numbers, loadings, exposures, and research conducted, as highlighted by the drug metformin, with the largest projected loading to treatment plants (>28 g per 1,000 people/day), yet only ranking 12th in terms of prescription numbers and no environmental research articles.
Review of the Relationships Between Maternal Characteristics and Preterm Breastmilk Immune Components

The immune properties of breastmilk are the most effective preventative means of reducing infant mortality through both passive and active immunity. Breastmilk for term infants has been linked to decreased incidence of respiratory and ear infections and gastrointestinal distress. This protection is even more important for the preterm infant. Prematurity is one of the leading causes of infant death in the United States. Hospitalized infant outcomes associated with consumption of breastmilk are shorter length of stay and decreased incidence of nosocomial infections and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The presence of nosocomial infections and necrotizing enterocolitis increases risk of preterm mortality and morbidity as well as healthcare expenditures. However, breastmilk immunological components such as secretory immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin (LFT), and cytokines provide a framework of immunity that, in conjunction with nutritional support, significantly improves neonatal health. The relationship between maternal characteristics and breastmilk immune properties is central to further the understanding of the impact of breastmilk on preterm infant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to review the numerous immune components in breastmilk, the moderators of the immune components, and the relevance of these components to preterm/infant health. Exploration of the complexity of breastmilk immune components may direct future development of interventions to improve and sustain the immunological benefits of preterm breastmilk.
INHIBITION OF SURFACE GROWTH OF TOXIGENIC AND NONTOXIGENIC ASPERGILLI AND PENICILLIA BY EUGENOL, ISOEUGENOL AND MONOLAURIN

Sabouraud dextrose agar, containing up to 300 ppm of eugenol, isoeugenol or monolaurin, was prepared. Eight strains of mycotoxin and non-mycotoxin-producing Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were tested. Spore suspensions were spotted in the center of agar plates and the linear (radial) growth rate was measured during incubation. All agents inhibited mold growth, but isoeugenol and eugenol were more effective than monolaurin. The average decreases in linear growth rate in the presence of eugenol, isoeugenol and monolaurin were 56, 43 and 11% at 100 ppm and 81, 85 and 15% at 200 ppm, respectively. At 300 ppm eugenol and isoeugenol, all fungi were inhibited completely; however, monolaurin (up to 2000 ppm) did not prevent mold growth. Except for P. viridicatum NRRL 6062, the molds tested did not vary significantly (at p=0.05) in degree of inhibition by any particular antifungal agent. A. parasiticus was grown in a yeast extract dextrose broth containing 100 ppm of the antifungal agents. Decreases in mycelial dry weight in the presence of eugenol, isoeugenol and monolaurin were 5.3, and 7.9, 10.5%, respectively. The corresponding reductions in aflatoxin B1 synthesized were 58, 57 and 25%. In conclusion, eugenol and isoeugenol have strong antifungal properties which are best manifested when the surface growth of molds on solid media is monitored.
The teratogenic effect of 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine in chicken embryos.

Abstract 5-Trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine, F 3 TDR, a new fluorinated pyrimidine compound, is found to be teratogenic in developing White Plymouth Rock chicken embryos after yolk sac injection during the first 4 days of development. The skeletal abnormalities obnoined included cleft palate, complete absence of whole extremities, or absence, shortening, and curvature deformity of single bones of lower and upper extremities. Bilateral hypoplasia of kidneys was found in a few 19- and 20-day-old embryos. Microscopic examination of embryos removed from viable eggs between 1 and 3 days after injection revealed necrosis of limb, head, and trunk mesenchyme. Hypoplasia of kidneys most probably resulted from bilateral massive nephric hemorrhage, which was found in microscopic examination of young embryos 3 days after injection of F 3 TDR.
Effects of rearing complexity on dendritic branching in frontolateral and temporal cortex of the rat

Abstract Dendritic branching was studied in Golgi-stained neurons from frontolateral and temporal cortex of rats reared for 30 days after weaning in complex, social, or isolated environments. In temporal cortex, layer-4 pyramidal neurons from rats reared in complex environments had significantly more basal dendritic branches than those from littermates reared socially or in isolation. Layer-5 pyramidal neurons showed similar rearing effects. In contrast, no significant differences due to rearing were detected in frontal cortex. In both regions, there was a high degree of concordance within litters. These results amplify those of previous studies and indicate that: the effects of environmental complexity on dendritic branching are not restricted to those previously seen in visual cortex; the effects are not seen in all cortical areas or neuronal populations as might be expected if they reflected a general hormonal or nutritional difference; and both the non-universality of the effects and the relative concordance within litters suggest that equivalent neuronal populations are stained in the different environmental groups.
Theory and Practice: Assessing the psychological presentation of gifted and talented clients: a multicultural perspective

Researchers suggest that gifted individuals have both strengths and areas of intrapersonal and interpersonal concerns as a result of their talents. The purpose of this paper is to apply a multicultural model of psychological assessment, the Multicultural Assessment Procedure (MAP), to better understand the social and emotional needs of gifted clients. This application is based on the following assumptions: a) giftedness is a sub-culture, b) people with special gifts also identify with and operate in multiple cultural contexts, and c) in order to be effective in working with gifted clients, one must accurately understand the interaction of the client’s multiple cultural identities. Implications for counselling practice are discussed.
Dielectric spectroscopy of bidisperse colloidal suspensions

Abstract Dielectric spectroscopy is used to measure the complex permittivity of bidisperse colloidal suspensions over the frequency range 2.5 kHz ⩽ ω /2 π ⩽ 10 MHz using the spectrometer design of Hollingsworth and Saville (A.D. Hollingsworth, D.A. Saville, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2003). Dielectric spectra of monodisperse polystyrene spheres of two diameters (530 nm and 1 μm) are fit to electrokinetic theory using the surface charge density as an adjustable parameter. Quantitative agreement is found in the dielectric increment and also for the conductivity increment, after considering the effect of added counterions and nonspecific adsorption. Bidisperse suspension spectra are a linear superposition of each particle’s dielectric response. The results provide a simple method to extend standard electrokinetic theory based on a single particle size to dilute suspensions with many particle sizes and verify the sensitivity of the spectrometer.
The Affordable Care Act: Implications for Cardiothoracic Surgery

The Affordable Care Act legislation that was passed by the US Congress and signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010 is having a substantial effect throughout all of health care in the United States. Cardiothoracic surgeons, as hospital-based procedural specialists, bring unique assets and certain important liabilities into this massive restructuring of our health care delivery system. This article highlights how each of the 10 titles in the Obamacare legislation might affect our specialty; its collaborative relationship with our cardiovascular, medical specialty, and primary care colleagues; and our clinical practice roles and responsibilities in accountable care organizations and primary care medical homes. This article also addresses the unique assets in clinical data in medicine and quality improvement demonstrated by our specialty that have been used to help shape the current and future landscape. Finally, key resources are identified to allow the cardiothoracic community to monitor the ongoing progress of Obamacare as implementation begins. Keeping abreast of these rapidly changing developments will be an important role for our specialty societies and for practitioners alike going forward.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of IVIG Effects in a Murine Model of Immune Thrombocytopenia

IVIG may achieve its beneficial effects in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients via several mechanisms; however, little is known of the relative importance of various mechanisms associated with IVIG action in ITP. The purposes of this study were to develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model relating an anti-platelet antibody, MWReg30, to platelet counts in a mouse model of sustained ITP, to use modeling to characterize effects of IVIG on MWReg30 elimination, and to use PK/PD modeling to assess the contribution of IVIG effects on MWReg30 disposition to the effects of IVIG on MWReg30-induced thrombocytopenia in mice. A pharmacokinetic model, based on the competitive occupancy of protective FcRn receptors, was used to characterize the effects of IVIG on MWReg30 pharmacokinetics. The relationships between MWReg30 plasma concentrations to MWReg30-induced thrombocytopenia, in the presence and absence of IVIG treatment, were characterized using an indirect response model. The pharmacokinetic model well-captured MWReg30 plasma concentration-time profiles, with and without administration of IVIG. The indirect response model accurately characterized the effects of IVIG on MWReg30-induced thrombocytopenia in mice. Using these models, it was estimated that 43 +/- 5% of overall effects of IVIG on MWReg30-induced thrombocytopenia in mice could be accounted for by the IVIG-mediated increases in MWReg30 clearance.
THE POTENTIAL FOR INCREASING STREAMFLOW FROM SIERRA NEVADA WATERSHEDS

The Sierra Nevada produces over 50 percent of California's water. Improvement of water yields from the Sierra Nevada through watershed management has long been suggested as a means of augmenting the state's water supply. Vegetation and snowpack management can increase runoff from small watersheds by reducing losses due to evapotranspiration, snow interception by canopy, and snow evaporation. Small clearcuts or group selection cuts creating openings less than half a hectare, with the narrow dimension from south to north, appear to be ideal for both increasing and delaying water delivery in the red fir-lodgepole pine and mixed-conifer types of the Sierra west slope. Such openings can have up to 40 percent more snow-water equivalent than does uncut forest. However, the water yield increase drops to 1/2-2 percent of current yield for an entire management unit, due to the small number of openings that can be cut at one time, physical and management constraints, and multiple use/sustained yield guidelines. As a rough forecast, water production from National Forest land in the Sierra Nevada can probably be increased by about 1 percent (0.6 cm) under intensive forest watershed management. Given the state of reservoir storage and water use in California, delaying streamflow is perhaps the greatest contribution watershed management can make to meeting future water demands.
Teething: Facts and Fiction

1. Lisa Markman, MD* 1. *Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Associate Director, Child Protection Team, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Understand normal tooth anatomy and the physiology of tooth eruption as well as causes of delayed eruption. 2. Be aware of the historic beliefs about the effects of teething and therapies that have been used in the past. 3. Recognize the manifestations ascribed to teething today by parents and health professionals. 4. Describe the effects of teething. 5. Discuss the acceptable therapies for relief of the symptoms of teething. Teething is a process that all children experience. Most children get their first tooth around 6 months of age and have a complete set of 20 deciduous teeth by 30 months of age. Parental perceptions and beliefs about teething often influence the symptomatology a child experiences with tooth eruption. From medical professionals to grandmothers, everyone seems to have a list of symptoms they believe are linked to teething. “Teething, like colic, is an ill-defined nonevidence-based entity for which parents receive much advice.” (1) It is important to remember that during this same time period of an infant's life, passive immunity due to maternal antibodies wanes and exposure to a wide variety of childhood illnesses occurs. Due to this temporal relationship, teething often is blamed for symptoms such as changes in sleep and eating patterns, rhinorrhea, drooling, rash, fussiness, and diarrhea. Medical professionals need to be educated about teething to provide reasonable explanations to concerned caregivers. Teeth have two distinct parts, the crown and the root, and are composed of four different tissues (Fig. 1). The crown, which is made of enamel, lies above the gum line and covers the sensitive root, which lies below the gum line. The root makes up two thirds of the tooth's total length, goes through the periodontal ligament, and attaches into a socket in the alveolar bone of the jaw. Figure 1. Tooth …
Hyperfine interaction dependence on the Racah parameter: The Mn++ ion

Abstract On the basis of spin-orbit admixture from the first excited state into the ground state the hyperfine coupling of Mn ++ ion is shown to be related to the Racah parameter.
Observation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect at finite frequency in mesoscopic Ag rings

Abstract We have measured the complex magnetoconductance of disordered mesoscopic Ag rings at frequencies from 250 Hz to 1.2 GHz. The data show conductance oscillations of flux period h/ e which persist to our highest measurement frequency with nearly constant average amplitude. From physical considerations and from a naive extension of dc transport theory, an exponential decay of the oscillations is expected at these frequencies. Our results are in conflict with this expectation.
Theory of the specific-heat coefficient of a Hume-Rothery alloy

The coefficient of the linear part of the low-temperature specific heat is calculated for alloys of zinc in copper having three different concentrations. The densities of states are obtained from a parameter-free calculation based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostocker coherent-potential approximation, and the electron-phonon enhancement factors are estimated from resistivity data. The results of the historically important experiments on this system are reproduced in detail.
Investigations into specificity of azepinomycin for inhibition of guanase: Discrimination between the natural heterocyclic inhibitor and its synthetic nucleoside analogues

In our long and broad program to explore structure-activity relationships of the natural product azepinomycin and its analogues for inhibition of guanase, an important enzyme of purine salvage pathway of nucleic acid metabolism, it became necessary to investigate if the nucleoside analogues of the heterocycle azepinomycin, which are likely to be formed in vivo, would be more or less potent than the parent heterocycle. To this end, we have resynthesized both azepinomycin (1) and its two diastereomeric nucleoside analogues (2 and 3), employing a modified, more efficient procedure, and have biochemically screened all three compounds against a mammalian guanase. Our results indicate that the natural product is at least 200 times more potent toward inhibition of guanase as compared with its nucleoside analogues, with the observed K(i) of azepinomycin (1) against the rabbit liver guanase=2.5 (±0.6)×10(-6) M, while K(i) of Compound 2=1.19 (±0.02)×10(-4) M and that of Compound 3=1.29 (±0.03)×10(-4) M. It is also to be noted that while IC(50) value of azepinomycin against guanase in cell culture has long been reported, no inhibition studies nor K(i) against a pure mammalian enzyme have ever been documented. In addition, we have, for the first time, determined the absolute stereochemistry of the 6-OH group of 2 and 3 using conformational analysis coupled with 2-D (1)H NMR NOESY.
The TORCH syndrome: A clinical review

Several infections contracted in utero result in similar physical and laboratory findings during the neonatal period; the TORCH syndrome encompasses such patients. Skin lesions are a frequent finding and the dermatologist may play an important role in the early evaluation of these infants. In this review we discuss etiology, epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic findings, differential diagnosis, therapy, course, and prognosis of each of these congenital infections.
Credit union loan rate determinants following the 2008 financial crisis

Abstract Previous studies show that a variety of institutional and market variables influence cross-sectional variation in the interest rates that credit unions charge on loans. This study examines the behavior of loan interest rates using nationwide credit union data for the fourth quarter of 2009 in the United States. Results from this sample of more than 6,700 individual credit unions corroborate earlier research indicating that credit union competition tends to suppress loan rates and that economies of scale exist at these financial intermediaries. In contrast to prior studies, however, credit unions with higher net worth ratios are found to charge higher interest rates on loans.
Vernalization and Phyllochron in Winter Wheat

(...) The objective of this experiment was to determine whether vernalization affected the thermal time required for winter wheat to produce leaves. Stephens' winter wheat plants were grown in a controlled environment chamber an in outdoor pots, using both pre-vernalized and non-vernalized germinating seed. In the outdoor pots plants became vernalized naturally and vernalization before sowing had no effect on growth, development, or flowering. In the controlled environment, up to the time of flowering of vernalized treatment, there were no differences in phyllochron or total leaf number per main stem between the plants seeded using pre-vernalized and non-vernalized germinating seed (...)
Microfilarial infection of the oral structures in the cotton top marmoset (Saguinus oedipus)

Abstract A histopathologic study of twenty-eight cotton top marmosets ( Saguinus oedipus ) with Tetrapetalonema marmosetae filariasis revealed the following: 1. 1. Whereas invasion of the oral structures by adult filariae was extremely rare, all of the marmosets were exceedingly prone to infection with microfilariae. 2. 2. The microfilariae were distributed throughout the blood vessels and connective tissues of the lips, tongue, periodontium, dental pulp, and salivary glands of the infected animals. 3. 3. The microfilariae were well tolerated by the oral tissues and induced neither tissue derangements nor host reactions to their presence.
A novel approach to color normalization using neural network

Color is a powerful descriptor that often simplifies object extraction and identification, and many computer vision systems use color to aid object recognition. However, image colors strongly depend on lighting geometry (direction and intensity of light source) and illuminant color (spectral power distribution). Either small variation in the intensity or the change of scene illumination can dramatically make object color changed. To overcome the lighting dependency problem, a color constancy or normalization algorithm should be used for preprocessing. This paper presents a novel approach to performing color normalization. A nonlinear mapping function is estimated using a neural network. Once the mapping function is found accurately, an image under unknown illumination may be transformed to the image under the predetermined illumination, which will be useful for color image processing. Three groups of experiments were conducted. In our experiments, images are processed by various neural networks and the performance is boosted by using a committee machine, and then the mapping errors are estimated and the results are compared with those of other algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of other color normalization algorithms.
Tryptophan uptake and tryptophan oxygenase activity in mice.

Abstract Groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with L-tryptophan, 1 mg/gm body weight, and maintained at room temperature (22° C) or exposed to acute heat stress (36° C). In the heat-stressed animals, plasma tryptophan levels were lower at each time interval studied when compared with room temperature controls; however, both hepatic tryptophan and tryptophan oxygenase activity levels were not significantly different. In mice which had been preexposed to heat for one hour prior to tryptophan administration, plasma levels were decreased further, yet hepatic substrate concentration and enzyme activity were unaffected. Hence, acute exposure to environmental heat reduces vascular uptake of the amino acid, but as a result of rapid enzyme induction, hepatic tryptophan and tryptophan oxygenase activity are unaffected.
Phytoplankton Chl a, primary production and nutrient distributions across a coastal frontal zone off Georgia, U.S.A.

Abstract Using results obtained by ship and aircraft surveys of near-shore waters off Georgia, U.S.A. we describe the gradients in major plant nutrients, near-surface cholorphyll (Chl a ) and near-surface primary production in relation to near-surface density gradients of a coastal frontal zone. The results show that a relatively narrow band (∼10 km wide) of high phytoplankton biomass (Chl a ) is a ubiquitous feature of the shoreward side of the coastal frontal zone. Chl a decreases across the frontal zone as salinity increases and near surface Chl a concentrations are approximately 10-fold greater in the high Chl a band than on the seaward side of the frontal zone. Near-surface phosphate and silicate concentrations are distributed similarly to Chl a . In contrast to silicate and phosphate, we did not detect significant cross-shelf gradients of inorganic nitrogen (N) concentrations. The distributions imply high rates of primary production in the coastal band throughout the year, total consumption of available inorganic N brought in by rivers or other sources and high rates of N recycling.
Tau Lepton Mass Measurements

We present the preliminary results from the precision measurement of the mass of the tau lepton using 423 fb−1 of data collected at BaBar . Using a pseudomass endpoint method, we determine the mass to be 1776.68 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.41 (syst) MeV . We also measure the mass difference between the τ + and τ − , and obtain M + − M − M A V G = ( − 3.5 ± 1.3 ) × 10 − 4 . This results in a limit of − 5.6 × 10 − 4 M + − M − M A V G − 1.4 × 10 − 4 at 90% CL.
Biologistics for a manned space station based on the metabolic approach

Specification of biologistics for future space stations will require accurate and standardized sets of environmental specifications, nutritional data, and metabolic calculations, which must take into account the effects of prolonged weightlessness (or hypogravity in the case of a rotating space station). It is proposed that the catabolic effects of weightlessness on the musculoskeletal system, and indirectly on the cardiovascular system, should be related to the daily work output of the body. By controlled diets and exercises, astronauts could be "titrated" to their normal earth (or other prescribed) metabolic rates. (This hypothesis is, of course, subject to verification in space.) A coincident, desirable result of this metabolic approach is that biologistics for all types of spacecraft and space stations can be calculated (or, better, experimentally determined) in standard units per man-day without regard to the metabolic effects of variable gravity. A table of biological specifications is developed and then applied, with associated engineering constraints and tradeoffs on requirements for power supply, heat rejection, and integration of the power system with the life-support system, to describe optimum life-support requirements for 30to 100-day missions.
Child survivors of parental death from cancer or suicide: depressive and behavioral outcomes.

Depressive symptoms, social competence, and behavior problems of prepubescent children bereaved within 18 months of parental death from cancer (57 families, 64 children) or suicide (11 families, 16 children) were compared. Most children reported normative levels of depressive symptoms. Children whose parents died from suicide, compared with those whose parents died from cancer, reported significantly more depressive symptoms, involving negative mood, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, and anhedonia. Parental reports of children's competence and behavior were similar to a normative sample of children and did not differ between the children bereaved by parental cancer or suicide. Additional research should focus on other factors, such as family psychopathology, stresses, and impact of stigma, which may influence the course of bereaved children.
Application of the thiobarbiturate assay to the measurement of lipid peroxidation products in microsomes.

Abstract By applying two different thiobarbiturate assay procedures in parallel to aliquots of a microsomal incubation mixture one can simultaneously monitor free malondialdehyde and malondialdehyde plus labile lipid peroxidation products. The levels of malondialdehyde increase continuously during the incubation of microsomes, NADPH and ferrous-ADP complex, while the lipid precursors of MDA stop forming when the system becomes depleted in DADPH. In contrast to systems in which lipids are undergoing autooxidation, NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation does not appear to generate significant amounts of water-soluble malondialdehyde precursors. As a result, quantitative interpretation of results is straightforward in the microsomal system. In spite of the lack of specificity of the thiobarbiturate coupling reaction, interferences can be easily compensated for by using zero time controls.
A simple dynamical model of a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer

The evolution of a planetary boundary layer topped by stratocumulus clouds is investigated theoretically. The derivation of a simulation model based on two-dimensional shallow moist Boussinesq convection is examined in detail, and the numerical results are presented in extensive tables and maps. The horizontal asymmetry of the circulation within a convective couplet is shown to increase with cloud depth and latent heating, so that the circulation becomes detached from that of the subcloud layer when the clouds fill one-third to one-half of the domain.
brother of rhomboid, a rhomboid-related gene expressed during early Drosophila oogenesis, promotes EGF-R/MAPK signaling.

The Drosophila rhomboid (rho) gene participates in localized activation of EGF-receptor signaling in various developmental settings. The Rhomboid protein has been proposed to promote presentation and/or processing of the membrane-bound Spitz (mSpi) EGF-related ligand to generate an active diffusible form of the ligand. Here, we report on a new rhomboid-related gene identified by sequence similarity searching that we have named brother of rhomboid (brho). In contrast to rho, which is expressed in complex patterns during many stages of development, brho appears to be expressed only during oogenesis. brho transcripts are present in early oocytes and abut posterior follicle cells which exhibit high levels of MAPK activation. brho, like rho, collaborates with Star to promote signaling through the EGF-R/MAPK pathway, and genetic evidence indicates that Brho can activate both the mSpi and the Grk precursor EGF ligands in the wing. We propose that endogenous brho may activate the oocyte-specific Gurken ligand and thereby participate in defining posterior cell fates in the early follicular epithelium.
Bulimia and interpersonal relationships: An extension of a longitudinal study

We examined changes in bulimia in female college students and changes in the relationship between bulimia and satisfaction with interpersonal relationships. We extended data collected from a 19-month time period in a previous study to a 31-month time period. Bulimics, subclinical bulimics, and normals showed a leveling off of the previous decline in bulimic symptoms assessed at the 19-month testing. There were strong negative correlations between the Bulimia Test and ratings of satisfaction with male interpersonal relationships, but the correlations were not significant for satisfaction with female relationships.
Fischer–Tropsch fuels from coal and biomass: Strategic advantages of once-through (“polygeneration”) configurations

Abstract Systems that produce synthetic liquid fuels and electricity from coal and biomass with carbon capture and storage offer an attractive cost-competitive approach for decarbonising liquid fuels and electricity simultaneously.
AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED DESIGN OF DAMPING PARAMETERS AND FEEDBACK CONTROLLER: H2 PERSPECTIVE

Abstract The paper presents a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based approach for the simultaneous optimal design of the output feedback controller and damping parameters in structural systems with collocated actuators and sensors. The proposed integrated design is based on ℋ 2 norm upper bound expression for a collocated structural system. Using these upper bound results, the combined design of the damping parameters and the ℋ 2 static controller is formulated as an LMI optimization problem with respect to the damping coefficients of the structural system and the feedback gains associated with the controller. A numerical example motivated from an engineering application demonstrates the advantages and computational efficiency of the proposed technique for integrated structure and control design. The effectiveness of the proposed integrated design becomes apparent, especially in very large scale structural systems where the use of classical methods for solving Lyapunov equations, associated with ℋ 2 design, is time-consuming or intractable.
949-99 Age-Associated Changes in the Left Ventricular Outflow Geometry in Normal Subjects

Whether anatomic or functional changes occur in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) geometry with normal aging, possibly contributing to age-associated LV hypertrophy, is not known. We therefore analyzed the resting echocardiogram of 65 normal subjects, aged 19 to 96 years (mean = 56 ± 20), screened for the absence of heart disease by history, physical exam and exercise ECG. The septo-aortic angle (SA) was defined as the open angle between the left ventricular edge of the septum and the axis of the aortic root in systole in the parasternal long axis view. A septal bulge (S8) was defined as a bulging morphology of the proximal septum and a proximal to mid-septal thickness ratio g 1.5. The SA decreased with age Ir = –0.64. P l 0.0001) and was narrower in men than in women (Anova. p = 0.01). An inverse relationship between SA and LV mass was seen in women (r = –0.48, p = 0.003) but not in men. Multiple regression analysis disclosed SA as an independent determinant for LV mass (p = 0.048), after age (p l 0.0001), body surface area (p = 0.003), and gender (p = 0.006), A S8 was observed in 10 subjects (15%) and associated with older age (p l 0.02), a sharper SA (p l 0.001) and male gender (p l 0.01), but not with higher LVOT velocities nor greater LV mass. Thus, anatomical changes in the LVOT geometry occur with normal aging as shown by the sharper SA and the higher frequency of SB observed in elderly. The age-associated decrease in SA appears to be an independent determinant of greater LV mass.