cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Infectious Mononucleosis at the Universities of California and Hawaii

The observed rates of heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis at the University of California at Davis and the University of Hawaii at Manoa were 1,212 and 37 per 100,000 students per academic year, respectively. The data collected suggest that the extraordinarily low incidence at the University of Hawaii may be due to the following factors: (1) underutilization of the student health service by students with infectious mononucleosis; (2) low proportion of Epstein-Barr virus-seronegative students; (3) high proportion of Asian students who appear to be less likely to develop heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis; and (4) possible low efficiency in the transmission of primary Epstein-Barr virus infections.
SU-GG-T-43: Physics Commissioning in Xoft Axxent® Electronic Brachytherapy (eBx) for the Primary Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Purpose: The Xoft Axxent® X‐ray source has been used for treating non‐melanoma skin cancer since the surface applicators became clinically available in the summer of 2009. We report a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) procedure for the commissioning of the Electronic Brachytherapy (eBx) system with the Xoft surface applicators. Materials and methods: The Xoft miniature tube (model S700) generates 50kVp low‐energy x‐rays. The new surface applicators used with this device have four available sizes of 10mm, 20mm, 35mm, and 50mm in diameter. Our tests include dose‐rate measurement, air‐gap factor, output stability, energy verification, beam flatness and symmetry, timer linearity and treatment planning with patientspecific cutout factors. TG‐61 in‐air method was used as a guideline for acquiring nominal dose rate output at the skin surface. Soft x‐ray parallel plate chamber (PTW T34013) and electrometer was used for the output commissioning. Gafchromic(R) EBT films were used for testing the properties of the treatment fields with the skin applicators. Solid water slabs were used to verify the source energy and measure cutout factors. Results: The average nominal dose‐rate output at the skin surface for the 35mm applicator is 1.35 Gy/min with ±5% variation for fifteen sources. For the same source, the output variation is within 2%. The effective SSD was also calculated based on the air‐gap measurements for four applicator sizes. The field flatness and symmetry are well within 5%. Treatment duration is calculated based on the nominal dose‐rate, the prescription fraction size, the depth dose percentage, and the cutout factor. Conclusion: Together with TG‐61, our methodology provides a comprehensive commissioning procedure for medical physicists in using the Xoft eBx system and skin applicators for the treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancer.
Effects of chronic exercise and imipramine on mRNA for BDNF after olfactory bulbectomy in rat.

Abstract We examined the effects of chronic activity wheel running and antidepressant treatment on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) messenger RNA (mRNA) in multiple brain regions—hippocampal formation (HF), ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and piriform cortex (PFx)—after bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX). Male, Long-Evans rats ( n =72) underwent either sham or OBX surgery and were randomly divided into eight experimental groups in a 2 (sham vs. OBX)×2 (sedentary vs. activity wheel)×2 (saline vs. imipramine) factorial design. Animals were killed after 21 days of treatment. Drug×exercise interaction effects were observed for HF ( P =0.006–0.023) and VTA/SN ( P =0.021); exercise increased BDNF mRNA in the saline treated animals but not in the imipramine treated animals. OBX did not affect BDNF mRNA in the HF or VTA/SN ( P >0.05). BDNF mRNA levels in the PFx were not altered by exercise, drug, or OBX ( P >0.05). These results suggest that the effect of exercise on BDNF mRNA extends beyond the HF to the mesolimbic ventral tegmental area and that the potentiation of BDNF mRNA by exercise and antidepressant pharmacotherapy, reported by other investigators, is time limited.
A laser feedback control design for passive ring laser gyros in a very high finesse cavity

High finesse resonant cavities proposed for use in large passive resonant ring laser gyroscopes exhibit linewidths significantly narrower than commercially available frequency stablized lasers. For PRRLG applications, this can limit the performance due to the decreased signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, a unique design for a PRRLG is presented, whereby the linewidth of a He-Ne laser is narrowed by frequency locking the laser to a 25,000 finesse, 169 cm2, resonant cavity. A resulting random error of 0.0078 Earth Rate Units (ERU) was achieved for an averaging time of 10 seconds. Extrapolation of the performance to a much larger PRRLG indicates that desired sensitivities for precision rate sensor testing and general relativity experiments is attainable.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The development of small-payload rideshare capabilities: A 2000–2008 summary

This paper summarizes the development from 2000 to the present of rideshare capabilities by various Government Agencies and Organizations. This development will allow acceptable, low-cost access to space for small satellites and payloads. The paper reviews the needs for such capabilities and provides an overview of the development and status of the enabling technologies, hardware, etc. required to achieve the desired capability. It reviews the development and status of each principal element necessary in developing an acceptable, low cost, access to space capability for small satellites and payloads.
The identification of LSD-like hallucinogens using the chronic spinal dog

Abstract The effects of several indoleamines and phenethylamines were studied in the chronic spinal dog and compared with two standard drugs, LSD and amphetamine. In the nontolerant chronic spinal dog, their effects on a variety of physiologic and behavioral functions were measured in untreated dogs, as well as dogs treated with certain antagonists. The effects of the antagonists phenoxybenzamine and cyproheptadine on the various physiologic effects were studied for all drugs. For some indoleamines and phenethylamines, the effects of chlorpromazine and pimozide were also studied. Indoleamines and phenethylamines in the LSD-tolerant chronic spinal dog and their anorexigenic effects in the intact dog were also studied. The results of these studies indicate that psilocin, mescaline, dimethyltryptamine and tryptamine are LSD-like drugs. DOM, DOB, DMA, and TMA are predominantly LSD-like drugs but do have some amphetamine-like actions. PMA and PEA are predominantly amphetamine-like drugs with some LSD-like activity. MMDA and MDA have a more complicated pharmacology showing properties that resemble LSD and amphetamine, but they have other actions which are not shared by either LSD or amphetamine, which suggests they have yet other modes of action.
Symmetry in mathematics

Abstract The role of symmetry in geometry in universally recognized. The principal purpose of this article, on the other hand, is to show how it plays many significant, but varied, roles throughout the whole of mathematics. We illustrate this fact through characteristics examples; in most of these examples the mathematics is well known, but the symmetry aspects of the arguments have not been rendered explicit as a guiding principle. In one example, however, we do look at an unfamiliar geometrical construction of regular star polygons, which we relate to number-theoretical properties. In this example we draw attention to the presence of symmetry of an unexpected and untraditional nature, not obviously related to the regularity of the polygons. We have attempted to identify specific principles illustrated by our examples of symmetry in mathematics. We draw attention to the Halfway Principle (Sec. 3) and the principle of the symmetric definition of symmetric concepts (Sec. 4).
Comparative study of uptake and tissue distribution of methylmercury in female rats by inhalation and oral routes of administration

The release of mercury to the environment from coal-fired power plants, mining, and smelting operations is of special concern since these sources are currently uncontrolled and the use of coal is expected to increase significantly. Mercury which is released into the environment becomes available for methylation. Methylation rates in ecosystems are a function of the mercury burden, bacterial population, and other physicochemical conditions. Analysis of mercury forms in the air around Tampa Bay, Florida, revealed that about 21% of mercury in the atmosphere is of methylmercury types. No detailed data concerning the uptake and absorption of inhaled vapor of methyl mercury compounds are available. This paper reports a study on the uptake and tissue accumulation of /sup 203/Hg-methylmercuric chloride following oral and inhalation administration in female rats.
Shifting stones and changing homes: using toolstone ratios to consider relative occupation span in the northwestern Great Basin

Abstract Like Paleoindian populations elsewhere in North America, Pre-Archaic groups in the Great Basin are assumed to have been highly mobile and far ranging. This view is commonly based on analyses of lithic technology and source provenance studies. While these approaches have added to our knowledge of Pre-Archaic lifeways, they have rarely focused on occupation span – an aspect of hunter–gatherer behavior directly related to mobility. Here, I use the proportions of local and nonlocal toolstone in Pre-Archaic and later Archaic assemblages to consider occupation span with the assumption that assemblages should become increasingly dominated by local materials as occupation span increases. The results suggest that residential mobility was high and occupations short before 7500 radiocarbon years ago. Conversely, between 7500 and 1300 radiocarbon years ago, residential mobility decreased and many locations were occupied for extended periods. Occupation span once again decreased as residential mobility increased after 1300 radiocarbon years ago. These trends were likely influenced by changes in the environmental and demographic climate of the Holocene.
Energy transport in dispersive media

The notion of energy in dispersive/dissipative media is developed: the dynamical ability of lossy media to do work against the field. Incoherence among oscillator species dictates this
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of high dose short duration enrofloxacin treatment regimen for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in dogs.

Background Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in dogs usually are treated with antimicrobial drugs for 10–14 days. Shorter duration antimicrobial regimens have been evaluated in human patients. Hypothesis A high dose short duration (HDSD) enrofloxacin protocol administered to dogs with uncomplicated UTI will not be inferior to a 14-day treatment regimen with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Animals Client-owned adult, otherwise healthy dogs with aerobic bacterial urine culture yielding ≥103 CFU/mL of bacteria after cystocentesis. Methods Prospective, multicenter, controlled, randomized blinded clinical trial. Enrolled dogs were randomized to group 1 (enrofloxacin 18–20 mg/kg PO q24h for 3 days) or group 2 (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 13.75–25 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days). Urine cultures were obtained at days 0, 10, and 21. Microbiologic and clinical cure rates were evaluated 7 days after antimicrobial treatment was discontinued. Lower urinary tract signs and adverse events also were recorded. Results There were 35 dogs in group 1 and 33 in group 2. The microbiologic cure rate was 77.1 and 81.2% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The clinical cure rate was 88.6 and 87.9% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Cure rates between groups did not differ according to the selected margin of noninferiority. Conclusions and Clinical Importance HDSD enrofloxacin treatment was not inferior to a conventional amoxicillin-clavulanic acid protocol for the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial UTI in dogs. Further research is warranted to determine if this protocol will positively impact owner compliance and decrease the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Why Queer Diaspora

‘Why Queer Diaspora?’ intervenes at the intersection of queer theory and diaspora studies to ask how the conditions of geographical mobility produce new experiences and understandings of sexuality and gender identity. More particularly, this essay argues against a prevalent critical slippage between queer and diaspora, through which the queer is read as a mobile category that, like diaspora, disrupts the stability of fixed identity categories and thus represents a liberatory position within the material and geographical displacements of globalization. Instead, I posit that the work of ‘queering’ diaspora must be to examine the new articulations of normative and queer as they emerge in the transformations of the late twentieth century. To this end, the essay looks to two contemporary documentaries, Remote Sensing (Ursula Biemann, 2001) and Mariposas en el Andamio/Butterflies on the Scaffold (Margaret Gilpin and Luis Felipe Bernaza, 1996), as models of alternative articulations of the queer and the diasporic. Ultimately, I argue, it is a focus on the labour through which the seemingly natural categories of gender and sexuality are produced, that a queer diasporic criticism might offer.
Remote sensing of the global environment with satellite scatterometry

This paper presents an overview of satellite scatterometry for remote sensing of the global environment from the tropics to polar regions. Results were derived from microwave backscatter data acquired by the NASA SeaWinds scatterometer aboard the QuikSCAT (QSCAT) satellite. QSCAT observed two successive super cyclones that hit the Orissa coastal region of India, affecting 15 million people in 1999. The extent of soil moisture change was delineated after Cyclone Nargis made landfall in Myanmar in May 2008. QSCAT detected excessive rainwater followed by a severe drought leading to widespread wildfires in California, U.S., in 2007. QSCAT tracked vegetation change in an extreme drought in Nairobi, Kenya, affecting 3 million people in 2000. QSCAT monitored snowmelt patterns over the Northern Hemisphere, which showed poleward oscillations of melt bands. QSCAT revealed a record reduction in Arctic perennial sea ice in this decade and a further drastic decline of perennial ice in 2008. At 1-km posting, QSCAT identified urban and suburban areas where backscatter was shown to correlate with population density. QSCAT delineated wind shadow areas near small islands in the Asia-Pacific region. These results demonstrate that satellite scatterometer can provide numerous crucial data products to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems.
Miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate. II. Mathematical model for the monomer transport

A mathematical model is presented to describe the monomer transport between monomer droplets, aqueous phase, and polymer particles during the course of an emulsion polymerization. The model was used to investigate the role of the cosurfactant (hexadecane) in the miniemulsion copolymerization of 50:50 molar ratio vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate monomer mixture, as well as the effect of the different components and process variables on the rate of copolymerization, monomer distribution between phases, and composition of the copolymer.
The Idea of Pilgrimage in the Experience of Ignatius Loyola

The idea of pilgrimage occupies an important place in the life and thought of Ignatius Loyola. In the autobiography which he dictated to a colleague late in his life he refers to himself throughout as “the pilgrim.” He actually went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and describes in detail his long and difficult journey. His biographers too often use the term and imagery of pilgrimage when they write about his early years, yet the notion of pilgrimage in his life has never been explored to any extent; nor has its significance, I believe, been sufficiently taken into account. In this article I should like to focus on this theme and indicate what I consider to be its role and importance in his religious experience.
Viewing injustice: Greater emotion heterogeneity with age.

The present study examined age differences in emotion heterogeneity, defined as the experience of co-occurring negative emotions. Younger and older European American and Mexican American participants (N = 183) viewed film clips depicting scenes of injustice. Younger adults were more likely to report a single primary negative emotion, whereas older adults reported greater emotion heterogeneity, a finding consistent across gender and ethnicity. In addition, greater emotion heterogeneity was related to a greater number of life experiences. Future directions concerning the meaning of and possible implications for this age difference are discussed.
The use of organic dyes in electron microscopy

The extinctions produced by several organic dyes in the light microscope and the electron microscope are compared. The two have the same order of magnitude. The influence of the methacrylate embedding medium is not great enough to hamper visibility in the electron microscope. It is pointed out that a wide variety of organic stains should be useful for electron microscopic studies.
The “Atomic Bomb” of Broadcasting: Westinghouse's “Stratovision” Experiment, 1944–1949

“Stratovision” was a system developed by Westinghouse in the mid-1940s that provided television via airborne transmitters. The company claimed it could provide service to 78% of the U.S. population...
Alterations in Gene Expression in the Rat Heart After Chronic Pathological and physiological Loads

Abstract Adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in the rat has been characterized as pathological or physiological reflecting the nature of the inciting stimulus. These two adaptations are distinguished by alterations in contractility and in the myosin ATPase composition of the affected muscle. We investigated the relative amounts of the mRNAs encoding cardiac sarcoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase (SERCA2), cardiac and skeletal troponin I (TnI), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). and myosin light chain 1 (MLCI) in the hearts of rats that had been subjected to either conditioning by swimming (Sw), to renovascular hypertension (H) or to the combined stimulus (H-Sw) for 6 weeks. Compared to control animals, the mRNA levels for SERCA2 and cardiac TnI were slightly increased with Sw and moderately depressed with H. H-Sw animals showed a trend towards normalized mRNA levels for both genes. ANF mRNA levels were slightly elevated with Sw and markedly elevated with both H and H-Sw. MLC1 mRNA levels did not change with either or both stimuli. These data confirm that these two types of adaptive hypertrophy can be distinguished at the level of gene expression and suggest that the mechanical alterations seen in adaptive hypertrophy reflect a spectrum of pre-translational alterations which are not limited to changes in myosin heavy chain gene expression.
Neurocognitive correlates of processing food-related stimuli in a Go/No-go paradigm.

Abstract We examined the neurocognitive correlates of processing food-related stimuli in healthy young adults. Event-related potential (ERP) data were collected while 48 participants completed a computerized Go/No-go task consisting of food and nonfood images. Separately, we assessed participants’ self-reported levels of external, restrained, and emotional eating behaviors as well as trait impulsivity, behavioral activation/inhibition, and performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test. We found that across participants, food images elicited significantly enhanced P3(00) and slow-wave ERP components. The difference in slow-wave components elicited by food and nonfood images was correlated with Stroop interference scores. Food images also elicited significantly enhanced N2(00) components, but only in female participants. The difference between N2 components elicited by food and nonfood images was related to body mass index and scores of external eating in females. Overall, these data suggest that processing food-related stimuli recruits distinct patterns of cortical activity, that the magnitude of these effects is related to behavioral and cognitive variables, and that the neurocognitive correlates of processing food-cues may be at least partly dissociable between males and females.
Fusing electro-optic and infrared signals for high resolution night images

Electro-optic (EO) images exhibit the properties of high resolution and low noise level, while it is a challenge to distinguish objects at night through infrared (IR) images, especially for objects with a similar temperature. Therefore, we will propose a novel framework of IR image enhancement based on the information (e.g., edge) from EO images, which will result in high resolution IR images and help us distinguish objects at night. Superimposing the detected edge of the EO image onto the corresponding transformed IR image is our principal idea for the proposed framework. In this framework, we will adopt the theoretical point spread function (PSF) proposed by Russell C. Hardie et al . for our IR image system, which is contributed by the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a uniform detector array and the incoherent optical transfer function (OTF) of diffraction-limited optics. In addition, we will design an inverse filter in terms of the proposed PSF to conduct the IR image transformation. The framework requires four main steps, which are inverse filter-based IR image transformation, EO image edge detection, registration and superimposing of the obtained image pair. Simulation results will show the superimposed IR images.
Mycobacterium szulgai osteomyelitis

Mycobacterium szulgai is a rare cause of human infections, and when present it is mostly known to cause lung infection. We report the first case of isolated Mycobacterium szulgai osteomyelitis in a 68-year-old woman on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. Review of the literature revealed a total of three other cases of M. szulgai osteomyelitis. In all these cases there was evidence of hematogenous or contiguous spread, including one with extensive dissemination. Pulmonary M. szulgai infections tend to occur in patients with chronic lung disease and/or concomitant lung infections, whereas osteomyclitis tends to occur in patients who have severe immunosuppression secondary to disease or drugs.
Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination of prison inmates.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating inmates against hepatitis B. From the prison perspective, vaccinating inmates at intake is not cost-saving. It could be economically beneficial when the cost of a vaccine dose is 1.6 and 50%, respectively. The health care system realizes net savings even when there is no incidence in prison, or there is no cost of chronic liver disease, or when only one dose of vaccine is administered. Thus, while prisons might not have economic incentives to implement hepatitis B vaccination programs, the health care system would benefit from allocating resources to them.
STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF AN ASSEMBLY OF QUASIPARTICLES

The expressions obtained by Morita and Tanaka for the exact thermodynamic functions of an assembly of quasiparticles with diagonal interactions are rederived by a much simpler method due to Bogoliubov, Zubarev, Tserkovnikov, Wentzel, and others.
IDEAS approach to process network synthesis: Application to multicomponent MEN

A novel method for the globally optimal solution of the general process network synthesis problem is first presented and then applied to the solution of the minimum utility cost (MUC) problem for mass exchange networks (MEN) with multicomponent targets (MT). Previous approaches that address the MUC MEN MT synthesis problem are discussed, and the novel conceptual framework, Infinite DimEnsionAl State-space (IDEAS), is then introduced. IDEAS allows the formulation of general process network synthesis problems as infinite convex (linear) programs whose local solutions are guaranteed to be globally optimal. In addition, an MUC MEN MT problem where conventional methods fail is probed. Then, the optimal network generated using IDEAS is discussed, together with the wide-ranging potential impact and flexibility of IDEAS.
Counting the Number of Parties: An Alternative Index.

I propose an alternative index to operationalize the variable number and size of parties in a party system. To support it, I present a critical overview of the two most common indices, Laakso and Taagepera's effective number of parties and Kesselman and Wildgen's hyperfractionalization, showing the causes of their weakness. Then I explain the computational logic of my alternative, “number of parties,” and compare it with the other two, using hypothetical cases. After that, I contrast the Laakso-Taagepera index with mine, using data from actual elections between 1945 and 1981. I conclude that my index outperforms the other two as an operationalization of the variable number and size of parties.
Agent virtual machine for automation controllers

We are interested in providing an agent infrastructure for truly distributed control. Requirements include multiple language implementations, so that this agent host environment can exist in both real-time controllers and contain the ability to operate with external agent systems. Our first infrastructure, the Autonomous Cooperative System (ACS), accomplished these goals, but presented other issues. Although ACS has been successfully deployed on commercial controllers, new releases of controllers will cause complications in the evolution of the software and adoption of future functionality. We need to establish a formal integration procedure of the agent functionality with the controllers and to transform the underlying system into a fully integrated and open heterogeneous system. We use a shipboard automation example to demonstrate the use of the agent virtual machine. With this system, the shipboard automation system is designed as a distributed and survivable environment, thereby spreading intelligence throughout the controllers and not in central locations.
Performance of titanium oxide–polymer insulation in superconducting coils made of Bi-2212/Ag-alloy round wire

Conductor insulation is one of the key components needed to make Ag-alloy clad Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212/Ag) superconducting round wire (RW) successful for high field magnet applications, as dielectric standoff and high winding current densities (Jw) directly depend on it. In this study, a TiO2–polymer insulation coating developed by nGimat LLC was applied to test samples and a high field test coil. The insulation was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dielectric property measurement, and transport critical current (Ic) property measurement. About 29% of the insulation by weight is polymer. When the Bi-2212/Ag wire is fully heat treated, this decomposes with slow heating to 400 ° C in pure O2. After the full reaction, we found that the TiO2 did not degrade the critical current properties, adhered well to the conductor, and provided a breakdown voltage of more than 100 V, which allowed the test coil to survive quenching in 31.2 T background field, while providing a 2.6 T field increment. For Bi-2212/Ag RW with a typical diameter of 1.0–1.5 mm, this ~15 μm thick insulation allows a very high coil packing factor of ~0.74, whereas earlier alumino-silicate braid insulation only allows packing factors of 0.38–0.48.
Deficits Versus Strengths: Ethics and Implications for Clinical Practice and Research

A shift in emphasis from deficits to strengths to promote health and well-being in patients with congenital and acquired craniofacial conditions (CFC) is appropriate given the chronic, "incurable" nature of CFC. Personal narratives are a valuable starting point for discovering sources of resilience. This paper explores such a shift by considering two areas of ethical concern suggested by patient narratives: informed consent and the physician-patient relationship. Both areas contain pitfalls and opportunities. The powerful emotions these patients bring with them argue for caution in medical decision making. Attention to the individual's psychosocial adjustment should always supplement surgical evaluations. Because of the inequality of the physician-patient relationship, care should be taken to use this power in positive ways. The relationship between patient and surgeon is particularly charged and may be an important source of support, information, hope, and advice for patients. The changing health care system threatens the physician-patient relationship, but the rise of alternative medicine suggests patients continue to value relationships. Relationships are critical for individuals with CFC, who experience social rejection because of the fundamental importance of face in human interactions. Future research directions should include long-term outcome studies on patients receiving modern craniofacial team care, qualitative research on resilience in patients with positive life adjustment, and development of a conceptual framework and research methodology for understanding quality of life of individuals with CFC. An emphasis upon strengths rather than defects will have implications for the structure of craniofacial teams, the care that is provided, and allocation of resources.
Asymmetric miscibility in random copolymer/homopolymer blends : Monomeric size and polarity

A compositionally symmetric random copolymer of styrene and methyl methacrylate (S-r-MMA) was previously found to exhibit preferential miscibility with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as compared with polystyrene (PS). This asymmetric miscibility of a random copolymer with its related homopolymers is not predicted by the Copolymer Effect theory, and its underlying causes are unclear in the absence of strong intermolecular interactions. In this paper, correlations were explored between asymmetric miscibility in random copolymer/homopolymer blends and the physical characteristics of the monomeric units. Four copolymer systems were studied, including S-r-MMA, which systematically varied the size and polarity of the monomeric units. A new technique, cross-sectional microscopy of thick bilayers, was developed to determine coexistence compositions in these blends based on linearized mass balances. In addition to S-r-MMA, a second compositionally symmetric random copolymer, poly(styrene-ran-ethyl methacrylate),...
Observations on the silicon-hydrogen vibrational bands in alkyl and aryl substituted silanes

Abstract A study of the infrared spectra of mono-, di- and triphenylsilane and the corresponding deuterated silanes has led to the characterization of the frequencies associated with the silicon-hydrogen vibrational modes. In addition the infrared spectra of approximately eighty other mono-, di- and trisubstituted silanes have been examined and the frequencies of the silicon-hydrogen vibrations recorded. This information has been assembled into a correlation chart which relates the number and position of the absorption bands to the degree of substitution on the silicon atom. Likewise, the frequencies of the silicon-hydrogen vibrational modes can also be related to the character of the substituent groups present on the silicon atom.
Connection between bound state and tunneling problems

The transfer matrix formalism is used to show that the problem of finding the bound states of a quantum well with an arbitrary one-dimensional potential energy profile Ec(x) can be reformulated as a tunneling problem. The following theorem is proved: for an electron confined to a quantum well of size W with an arbitrary conduction band energy profile Ec(x) and maximum depth V0, the bound state energies (E1, E2, E3,…) can be found by adding a barrier of width d and height V0 on either side of the quantum well and calculating the energies at which the transmission through the resulting resonant tunneling structure reaches unity. More precisely, the energies at which the transmission coefficient reaches unity converge towards the bound state energy levels when the thickness d tends to infinity. Numerically, the bound state energies can be determined with enough accuracy by using barrier thicknesses of a few nm.
A new method for study of normal lens development in vitro using pulsatile delivery of PDGF or EGF in HL-1 serum-free medium.

A new culture method was used to study increases in wet and dry weight and soluble protein during normal development of the transparent lens. Seven different media with more than ten different additives were tested for their effects on cultured lens transparency.In vivo, rat lenses increased 53% in soluble protein content between 3 and 5.5 days of age. Only HL-1 serum-free medium containing 15 μg/ml insulin plus 1–2 ng/ml BB platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or 5–7 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) allowed similar growthin vitro, during the same time period. Normal lens grwoth occurred in culture when fresh medium was delivered to lenses as a pulse every 4–6 hours. Lenses decreased in dry weight and soluble protein content, and became opaque when the same medium was delivered continuously. Lenses increased only 26% and 32% in soluble protein content when delivered pulses of HL-1 medium containing BB PDGF or EGF in the absence of insulin. We suggest that pulsatile delivery of medium containing insulin and PDGF or EGF stimulates lens growth during developmentin vitro. This pulsatile organ culture system is presented as a new approach for studying the effects of growth factors on cell proliferation, differentiation, and receptor regulation in a developing tissue.
Predications and nonreferential cohesion in Irish-speaking children's narratives

This work describes the manipulation of predication in the narratives of monolingual Irish (Gaelic)-speaking preschool children, and compares the development of nonreferential means of cohesion in a language that is typologically distinct to development in other languages, especially English. The examination presents general data on eight two through five year old children's use of finite and nonfinite verbs, of the complements and modifiers of verbs, and of textual devices to link clauses. Predication and other nonreferential devices function both to propel the narrative forward, and to provide cohesion at the local or global level through temporal, logical, or evaluative means. Four of the children's narratives are examined in greater detail. Despite the typological differences between Irish and many other European languages, predicate development seems to proceed similarly in many respects. The possible exception is the clitic-like copula and its various irregular forms, which did not appear to have been mastered until relatively late.
Cl secretory effects of EBIO in the rabbit conjunctival epithelium

Experiments were conducted to determine whether the Cl− secretagogue, 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (EBIO), stimulates Cl− transport in the rabbit conjunctival epithelium. For this study, epithelia w...
Anomaly equations and superalgebras

Abstract In vectorlike gauge theories with f massless preon flavors the decoupling conditions require the massless fermionic bound states to form irreducible representations of the SU( f | f ) superalgebra. Using this fact it is generally proven that if the hypercolor group is SU( N ) there are no solutions to the anomaly equations. A new class of solutions based on the SU( N ) × SU( N ) hypercolor group is found and their relevance for composite models is discussed.
Absorption coefficients for the 6190-A CH4 band between 290 and 100 K with application to Uranus' atmosphere

A novel laser intracavity photoacoustic spectroscopy method allowing high sample control accuracy due to the small sample volume required has been used to obtain absorption coefficients for the CH4 6190 A band as a function of temperature, from 290 to 100 K. The peak absorption coefficient is found to increase from 0.6 to 1.0/cm, and to be accompanied by significant band shape changes. When used to further constrain the Baines and Bergstrahl (1986) standard model of the Uranus atmosphere, the low-temperature data yield an excellent fit to the bandshape near the 6190 A band's minimum.
Turnover of Galactolipids Incorporated into Chloroplast Envelopes

The biosynthetic pathway of digalactosyl diacylglycerol, a major lipid component in the chloroplast membranes, is not clearly solved as yet. An UDPGal: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase has been proposed by Ferrari, Benson (1961), Ongun, Mudd (1968), and Williams et al. (1975). This enzyme has been reported in the soluble fraction of ruptured plant cells and is supposed to be located in the cytoplasm (Siebertz, Heinz, 1977). Alternatively, van Besouw and Wintermans (1978) demonstrated the activity of a galactolipid: galactolipid galactosyltransferase in the chloroplast envelope, katalyzing the reaction: $$MGDG^{a}+MGDG \rightleftharpoons DGDG +DG$$ (I) Recently, the localization of this enzyme in the outer envelope membrane has been reported by Dorne et al. (1982) and Cline, Keegstra (1983).
On the behavior of the omitted arc of a support point of the class

In this article, we consider the hypothetical nonmonotonicity of the arguments of the vectors tracing the omitted arc of a support point of the class and tangent to it. We show that the number of sign changes of (arg w(t))′ and (arg w′(t))′ on the omitted arc are finite. †Dedicated to Professor Peter L. Duren, who made significant contributions to the theory of support points, on the occasion of his 70 th birthday.
Analysis of U.S. Trends in Discharges From General Hospitals for Episodes of Serious Mental Illness, 1995–2002

Objective The aim of this study was to ascertain trends from 1995 to 2002 in general hospital discharges among adults in the United States with serious mental illness. Methods As of 2002 the National Hospital Discharge Survey collected data on approximately 327,000 discharges from 445 hospitals. ICD-9-CM codes were used to identify the discharges between 1995 and 2002 associated with serious mental illness. Results Annual discharge rates involving serious mental illness increased by 34.7%, from 29.1 discharges per 10,000 in the U.S. adult population (18 years and older) in 1995 to 39.2 discharges per 10,000 in the U.S. adult population in 2002. Hospital discharges involving serious mental illness increased significantly in the black population and among young adults. For adults of ages 18 to 24, discharges per 10,000 increased from 19.9 in 1995 to 42.3 in 2002. A substantial increasing trend was seen for the Northeast and South census regions. There was an increase in the proportion of discharges associated with hospitalizations for serious mental illness that were covered by private payers, whereas there was a significant decline in such discharges when patients were covered by government programs. Conclusions The increasing trend in general hospital discharges involving serious mental illness has continued into recent years. Further investigations are needed to understand how patient- and system-level factors have contributed to the increasing trend in general hospital discharges involving an episode of serious mental illness.
VCells: Simple and Efficient Superpixels Using Edge-Weighted Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations

VCells, the proposed Edge-Weighted Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations (EWCVTs)-based algorithm, is used to generate superpixels, i.e., an oversegmentation of an image. For a wide range of images, the new algorithm is capable of generating roughly uniform subregions and nicely preserving local image boundaries. The undersegmentation error is effectively limited in a controllable manner. Moreover, VCells is very efficient with core computational cost at O(K√nc·N) in which K, nc, and N are the number of iterations, superpixels, and pixels, respectively. Extensive qualitative discussions are provided, together with the high-quality segmentation results of VCells on a wide range of complex images. The simplicity and efficiency of our model are demonstrated by complexity analysis, time, and accuracy evaluations.
Electron and photon noise suppression in mesoscopic systems—how to teach noisy photons to follow quiet electrons

Abstract Principles of squeezed state generation in semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes (LEDs) are discussed. Shot noise suppression in electron transport in macroscopic conductors is ultimately due to Pauli exclusion principle for fermion particles, electrons. Shot noise suppression in electron injection in macroscopic pn junctions originates from collective Coulomb blockade effect for changed particles, electrons. Regulated single photon generation in mesoscopic pn junctions is also discussed.
An Undergraduate Fluid Mechanics Course for Future Army Officers

The mission of the United States Military Academy (USMA) is “To educate, train, and inspire the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character committed to the values of Duty, Honor, Country; professional growth throughout a career as an officer in the United States Army; and a lifetime of selfless service to the nation.” [1] The academic program at the USMA is designed to meet the intellectual demands of this mission statement. One very unique aspect of this academic program is the requirement that each cadet take a minimum of five engineering courses regardless of his or her major or field of study. Because of this requirement, nearly one-third of every graduating class take Fluid Mechanics. The Fluid Mechanics course taught in the USMA’s Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering differs from others throughout the country for two primary reasons: 1) Within every class there is a mixture of cadets majoring in engineering and those who are in other majors, such as languages, history, and political science, 2) Each cadet will be commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army immediately upon graduation, [2] and [3]. In this course cadets learn about fluid mechanics and apply the principles to solve problems, with emphasis placed upon those topics of interest to the Army and Army systems that they will encounter as future officers. The course objectives are accomplished through four principal methods. The first is through engaging, interactive classroom instruction. Cadets learn about the principles of fluid statics, conservation laws, dimensional analysis, and external flow; specialized topics, such as compressible flow and open channel flow have also been integrated. The second method is through hands-on laboratory exercises. Pipe friction, wind tunnels, and smoke tunnels are examples of laboratories in which cadets take experimental measurements, analyze data, and reinforce concepts from the classroom. The third method occurs in the “Design of an Experiment” exercise. In groups, cadets design their own experiment—based upon an Army parachutist—that will predict the coefficient of drag of a parachute system. The fourth method is a hands-on design project that culminates in a competition. In teams, cadets build a water turbine to lift a weight on a pulley from ground level to a designated height. Competition categories include the torque competition, in which maximum lifted weight determines the winner and the power competition judged by minimum time to lift a designated weight. This project, implemented within the curriculum prior to formal instruction on the design process, requires cadets to develop their own design process through analysis, experimentation, and trial and error.© 2003 ASME
Human Disease Due to Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis is a rapidly growing environmental species not considered a human pathogen. We identified 22 human isolates of M. smegmatis from Australia and the southern United States: 19 were from skin or soft-tissue infections, and none were from urine or the male genital tract. These isolates closely resembled Mycobacterium fortuitum, except for a negative three-day arylsulfatase test; growth at 43-45 C; a low semiquantitative catalase test; and, in 50% of isolates, a late-developing, yellow-to-orange pigment. The isolates were biochemically identical to four reference strains and the type strain of M. smegmatis. Isolates were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin but susceptible to ethambutol, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and amikacin. Eleven patients treated on the basis of in vitro susceptibility tests responded well to therapy. The similarity of M. smegmatis to M. fortuitum and the failure to recognize that the former is an environmental species may have contributed to previous failures to recognize it as a human pathogen.
Surface oxidation of Zircaloy-4 at 600 K by adsorbed oxygen, nitric oxide, and sulfur dioxide

Abstract Understanding and controlling the formation of surface oxides on Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) surfaces in the presence of nitrogen or sulfur at high temperatures is of interest in applications where this alloy serves as a structural material. In this article we monitor the adsorption of gases on Zry-4 surfaces at 600 K using Auger electron spectroscopy. We find that sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), and isotopic oxygen ( 18 O 2 ) all result in the formation of surface oxides. The presence of sulfur on the surface is reflected both in an increase in the intensity of the overlapping [Zr(MNV) + S(LMM)] feature and its shift toward higher kinetic energies. On the other hand, since oxide formation results in shifts of the Zr(MNV) Auger transition toward lower energies, opposite to what the presence of sulfur does, we also obtain useful information from the Zr(MNN) transition. Although exposure to oxygen results in the largest oxygen concentration near the surface, all the three adsorbates shift the Zr(MNN) feature by about 1.5–2.0 eV, indicative of surface oxidation.
Competencies for Addressing Gender and Power in Couple Therapy: A Socio Emotional Approach

Power imbalances between partners are intrinsic to relationship distress and intricately connected to emotional experience, couple communication processes, and socio cultural contexts such as gender. The ability to work with the power dynamics between partners is thus critical to the practice of couple therapy. However, few practical guidelines for dealing with this issue are available. The authors present seven clinical competencies regarding gender and power issues that they identified by examining their own work: (a) identify enactments of cultural discourse, (b) attune to underlying socio cultural emotion, (c) name underlying power processes, (d) facilitate relational safety, (e) foster mutual attunement, (f) create a model of equality, and (g) facilitate shared relationship responsibility. Each competency is illustrated through a case example. The competencies represent an over-arching guide to practice that may be integrated with other clinical approaches and is particularly useful for training and supervision.