cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for victimization of younger and older persons: Assessing differences in isolation, intra-individual characteristics, and health factors

Abstract Researchers have examined whether different risk factors predict elder abuse and victimization. Among the more commonly cited risk factors are social isolation, intra-individual characteristics, and various health factors. While some studies confirmed that certain risk factors help to explain elder abuse, few researchers have compared how these risk factors address the victimization of older and younger persons. To fill this void, the current study surveyed 746 residents of southeast Virginia by telephone. Measures assessing isolation, health, and intra-individual characteristics were included on the survey. Results of bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that different risk factors exist for younger and older persons.
Visual binding of English and Chinese word parts is limited to low temporal frequencies.

Some perceptual mechanisms manifest high temporal precision, allowing reports of visual information even when that information is restricted to windows smaller than 50 ms. Other visual judgments are limited to much coarser time scales. What about visual information extracted at late processing stages, for which we nonetheless have perceptual expertise, such as words? Here, the temporal limits on binding together visual word parts were investigated. In one trial, either the word ‘ball’ was alternated with ‘deck’, or ‘dell’ was alternated with ‘back’, with all stimuli presented at fixation. These stimuli restrict the time scale of the rod identities because the two sets of alternating words form the same image at high alternation frequencies. Observers made a forced choice between the two alternatives. Resulting 75% thresholds are restricted to 5 Hz or less for words and nonword letter strings. A similar result was obtained in an analogous experiment with Chinese participants viewing alternating Chinese cha...
Mapping aurora activity with SAR — a case study

Auroral physics is an exceedingly rich and complex subject. However, due to a lack of high resolution data of ionospheric activity during auroral events, not all phenomena in the high latitude ionosphere are fully understood. Recent research has proven that L-band SAR data is significantly affected by the ionosphere and can be used for mapping its activity. With this paper we will prove and unambiguously verify the potential of L-band SAR to capture auroral activity. We will present examples of aurora signatures mapped from ALOS PALSAR data and will verify the results from SAR with observations provided from ground based measurements.
Positioning with two satellites and known receiver clock, barometric pressure and radar elevation

We investigate the feasibility of completing an aircraft precision approach using two global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) satellites from different constellations in combination with a stable frequency reference (SFR), barometric height and a radar altimeter. Before the start of two-satellite positioning, a full GNSS solution is used to calibrate the SFR and the vertical solution relative to the aircraft touchdown point. The theoretical clock and position error covariance is derived as a function of measurement error, satellite geometry, SFR stability, barometric height and radar altimeter performance. Detailed error models for each of the navigation sensors are developed for the covariance analysis. This is followed by both simulations and evaluations using flight test data to verify the positioning accuracy and the feasibility of completing an aircraft precision approach with only two satellites from different constellations. With respect to category I precision approach requirements of 16 m (95 %) horizontal and 4 m (95 %) vertical, the horizontal 95 % positioning performance is approximately 6 m, while the vertical 95 % positioning performance is approximately 4 m.
Abstract NS16: The Discriminant Validity of the AD8 in Detecting Post-stroke Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Background: The AD8 is an informant-based brief cognitive screening instrument, which can be administered to the patient in the absence of an informant in detecting patients with dementia at the me...
Mental Health Help Seeking Among Traumatized Individuals A Systematic Review of Studies Assessing the Role of Substance Use and Abuse

OBJECTIVE: Prior research has suggested that competing neurobehavioral decision-making processes might affect health outcomes among traumatized populations. Regulatory imbalances to impulsive and executive decision systems are affected by high levels of stress, including stress resulting from traumatic events. Such regulatory imbalances have been associated with addictive behaviors. However, it is not well known whether addictive behavior increases or decreases the likelihood of utilization of behavioral health services among traumatized populations. The aim of this study is to systematically review mental health utilization studies targeting traumatized populations to determine the direction of association between substance use and behavioral health utilization. METHOD: Databases of literature were searched in a systematic manner, and 37 relevant studies were recovered and analyzed. FINDINGS: Of the 37 relevant studies that included addictive behaviors as a predictor of utilization, 16 showed a positive significant relationship and 6 showed a negative significant relationship. Studies showing a negative significant relationship used younger samples with more recent trauma exposure. CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that for the most part, substance abuse increases the likelihood of utilization, except among younger populations with more recent trauma. Longitudinal studies that access how utilization evolves over time among traumatized populations and interacts with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse severity are necessary to better understand how decision-making processes of traumatized individuals may increase the likelihood of chronic PTSD. Language: en
Improved Method for Comparing Rank-Order Preferences of Two Groups of Consumers:

Ryans recently proposed several measures that could be used to determine the degree of agreement between sets of preference rankings from two separate groups of consumers. The most satisfactory of ...
Effect of acaricide treatment of cattle on Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of mongooses (Carnivora: Viverridae: Herpestes auropunctatus) in Guadeloupe, French West Indies.

The effect of acaricide treatment of cattle on the infestation of the small Indian mongoose ( Herpestes auropunctatus Hodgson) by Amblyomma variegatum (F.) was determined during a field evaluation of selected acaricides in Guadeloupe, French West Indies. From April 1990 to April 1991, cattle at one site were treated every 14 d with pour-on formulations of deltamethrin, flumethrin, or permethrin; and cattle at a second site were treated as per a local standard treatment using a spray formulation of coumaphos every 30 d. The protocol was then reversed, and from April to July 1991 cattle at the original standard treatment site were treated using the pour-on treatment. Mongooses were examined for ticks during February–March and July 1990 and 1991. The mean prevalence of infestation of mongooses by A. variegatum larvae was reduced from 41 to 27% during the February–March to July periods at the pour-on treatment sites but increased from 29 to 43% during the same periods at the standard treatment sites. The mean relative density of infestation by larvae decreased from 2.15 to 0.65 at the pour-on treatment sites and increased from 0.7 to 1.95 at the standard treatment sites during the same periods. Data on nymphal infestations were inconclusive, and mongooses were not infested by adult ticks. The infestation of mongooses by A. variegatum may be of importance as a short-term alternative host system for immature stages of this tick during an eradication program.
Effect of Local Applications on Development of Ultraviolet Tumors.

SummaryThe rate of tumor production with ultraviolet light could be altered by the local application of certain substances to the tissues developing tumors. Of the oils tried, mineral oil accelerated tumor development most rapidly; cottonseed oil, olive oil, and wheat germ oil caused slight acceleration; linseed oil retarded tumor formation. Cholesterol in oil caused marked acceleration. Peroxides were without effect. 1,2,5,6, dibenzanthracene was also without effect.
The Role of the Press in the Chilean Rebellion of 1851

IN the 1840s Chile witnessed the ascendancy of a group of young liberal intellectuals and politicians who were determined to alter their nation politically, economically and socially. They wanted first to curb the conservative-dominated government that had directed the country from 1830 on, and, additionally, they hoped to create the kind of liberal democracy which they believed the wars for independence had promised but conservative governments had refused to implement. They also hoped to strengthen the economy by changing landholding patterns and increasing the wages of both rural and urban workers. Finally, they wanted to eliminate the most glaring social evils of their day, thereby making a better life available for all Chileans.
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. INVENTORY AND OUTLOOK.

Increasing experience has modified our concepts of bronchial asthma; it is no longer considered a hopeless disease. Competent care of the asthmatic requires more than prescribing symptomatic medication. It is necessary to dissociate allergic from nonallergic components, to identify the antigen and establish the degree of sensitivity, to correlate positive skin reactions with clinical symptoms, to estimate respiratory defect by pulmonary function tests before and after bronchodilators, and to instruct the patient in the control of acute attacks as well as in a long-term program for normal living.
Lactose intolerance in the adult.

(1967). Lactose Intolerance in the Adult. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 41, Diseases of the Liver, pp. A-70-A-77.
Prevention and Control of Internal Audit Risk in Hospitals

With the expanding and increasing economic activities of hospitals,the scopes of internal audit in hospitals are becoming more extensive.Due to such factors as the limitations in the professional capacity of auditors,backward methods and means of auditing,the internal auditors are facing more and greater risks in the audit work.By analyzing the causes of the internal audit risk in hospitals,as well as the ways to prevent and control the internal audit risk in the hospital,this paper proposes corresponding audit procedures and methods to make the detection risk under acceptable degree and to reduce the internal audit risk.
Construction of Recombinant Tick Anticoagulant Peptide RGDS

Objective (1)To synthesize and express the TAP-RGDS gene in E. coli. (2) To examine the anticoagulant activity of the expressed fusion proteins. Methods A synthetic gene segment encoding 63 amino acids residues was designed accordance to the sequence of the native TAP protein. The synthesized gene fragment was transfected into E.coli DH5α. Positive clones were identified using IPTG. Results The construct of TAP-RGDS was confirmed by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Anticoagulant activity was detected in the cell lysates prepared from the transfected E.coli. Conclusion Construct containing TAP-RGDS was successfully made and cloned in E.coli. Anticoagulant activity could be detected in the transfected cell lysates.
A clinically observed discrepancy between image-based and log-based MLC positions.

Purpose: To present a clinical case in which real-time intratreatment imaging identified an multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf to be consistently deviating from its programmed and logged position by >1 mm. Methods: An EPID-based exit-fluence dosimetry system designed to prevent gross delivery errors was used to capture cine during treatment images. The author serendipitously visually identified a suspected MLC leaf displacement that was not otherwise detected. The leaf position as recorded on the EPID images was measured and log-files were analyzed for the treatment in question, the prior day’s treatment, and for daily MLC test patterns acquired on those treatment days. Additional standard test patterns were used to quantify the leaf position. Results: Whereas the log-file reported no difference between planned and recorded positions, image-based measurements showed the leaf to be 1.3 ± 0.1 mm medial from the planned position. This offset was confirmed with the test pattern irradiations. Conclusions: It has been clinically observed that log-file derived leaf positions can differ from their actual position by >1 mm, and therefore cannot be considered to be the actual leaf positions. This cautions the use of log-based methods for MLC or patient quality assurance without independent confirmation of log integrity. Frequent verification of MLC positions through independent means is a necessary precondition to trust log-file records. Intratreatment EPID imaging provides a method to capture departures from MLC planned positions.
Rethinking our approach to gender and disasters: Needs, responsibilities, and solutions.

Objective: To explore how the existing literature has discussed the vulnerability and needs of women in a disaster context. It will consider the literature's suggestions of how to minimize vulnerability and address the needs of women, including who involved in emergency management should be responsible for such efforts. Design: Empirical journal articles and book chapters from disaster literature were collected that focused on “women” or “gender,” and their results and recommendations were analyzed. Results: This review found existing empirical research on women during disasters focuses on their vulnerabilities more than their needs. Second, when researchers do suggest solutions, they tend not to be comprehensive or supported by empirical evidence. Finally, it is not clear from existing research who is responsible for addressing these needs and implementing solutions. Conclusions: Future research should study the intersection of gender and disasters in terms of needs and solutions including who is responsible for implementing solutions.
TMDOCK: An Energy-Based Method for Modeling α-Helical Dimers in Membranes

TMDOCK is a novel computational method for the modeling of parallel homodimers formed by transmembrane (TM) α-helices. Three-dimensional (3D) models of dimers are generated by threading a target amino acid sequence through several structural templates, followed by local energy minimization. This is the first method that identifies helix dimerization modes and ranks them based on the calculated free energy of α-helix association. Free energy components include van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and dipole interactions; side-chain conformational entropy; and solvation energy in the anisotropic lipid environment. TMDOCK reproduced 26 experimental dimeric structures formed by TM α-helices of 21 single-pass membrane proteins (including 4 mutants) with Cα atom rmsd from 1.0 to 3.3A. Assessment of dimerization heterogeneity of these TM domains demonstrated that 7 of them have a unique dimer structure, 12 have at least 2 alternative conformations, and 2 have a large number of different association modes. All unique experimental structures of proteins from the first group and eight structures from the second group were reproduced in computations as top-ranked models. A fast version of the method is available through the web server (http://membranome.org/tm_server.php).
Management of mild hypertension in adults

Elevated blood pressure is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects one in three adults. Blood pressure lowering drugs substantially reduce the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and premature death, but most clinical trials showing benefits have primarily included patients with moderate to severe hypertension, known cardiovascular disease, or elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The benefits of treating mild hypertension in patients without cardiovascular disease are less clear, but recent meta-analyses offer some insights. Pooled data from trials that include a large percentage of participants with mild hypertension show significant reductions in stroke, death from cardiovascular disease, and total mortality. Meta-analyses comparing lower blood pressure targets also suggest a benefit of treating patients with mild hypertension, although net benefits are greater for patients at higher absolute levels of cardiovascular disease risk. Before starting drug treatment, most patients should have out-of-office monitoring to confirm hypertension. Lifestyle modifications for reducing blood pressure are appropriate for all patients and may be recommended while delaying drug treatment for those at lower absolute levels of cardiovascular disease risk. Patient level control of blood pressure is supported by home monitoring and by once daily, low cost drug. Control of blood pressure for a population of patients is enhanced by system level interventions such as registries, implementation of evidence based protocols, drug titration visits, and performance metrics.
Metaphoric Communication and the Psychotherapeutic Process.

The use of metaphors in psychotherapy is discussed, including Milton H. Erickson’s contribution in this area. Suggestions are given for the construction and delivery of therapeutic metaphors. Two abridged metaphors which were used with an actual client are included, as well as the client’s poetic responses. Metaphor is the dreamwork of language and, like all dreamwork, its interpretation reflects as much on the interpreter as on the originator … So too understanding a metaphor is as much a creative endeavor as making a metaphor. (Davidson, 1978, p. 29)
Risk assessment using interval vector cumulative failure rate

Risk management is a process to identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks to the success of a project. Risks that are not handled appropriately can result in a catastrophe, such as the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion. In this study, a method of using interval vector of cumulative failure rates was developed to improve the categorisation of risks. The cause of the Challenger accident was explored and design failures explained. An illustrative example will be presented to demonstrate the use of newly developed method on the space shuttle solid rocket booster field joint.
Neural correlates of interoception: Effects of interoceptive focus and relationship to dimensional measures of body awareness.

Interoception has been defined as the sensing of the physiological condition of the body, with interoceptive sensibility (IS) characterizing an individual's self-reported awareness of internal sensation. IS is a multidimensional construct including not only the tendency to be aware of sensation but also how sensations are interpreted, regulated, and used to inform behavior, with different dimensions relating to different aspects of health and disease. Here we investigated neural mechanisms of interoception when healthy individuals attended to their heartbeat and skin temperature, and examined the relationship between neural activity during interoception and individual differences in self-reported IS using the Multidimensional Scale of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Consistent with prior work, interoception activated a network involving insula and sensorimotor regions but also including occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. Differences based on interoceptive focus (heartbeat vs skin temperature) were found in insula, sensorimotor regions, occipital cortex, and limbic areas. Factor analysis of MAIA dimensions revealed 3 dissociable components of IS in our dataset, only one of which was related to neural activity during interoception. Reduced scores on the third factor, which reflected reduced ability to control attention to body sensation and increased tendency to distract from and worry about aversive sensations, was associated with greater activation in many of the same regions as those involved in interoception, including insula, sensorimotor, anterior cingulate, and temporal cortex. These data suggest that self-rated interoceptive sensibility is related to altered activation in regions involved in monitoring body state, which has implications for disorders associated with abnormality of interoception. Hum Brain Mapp, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pediatric Liver Transplant Teams Coping With Patient Death

Objectives Coping with patient death among pediatric liver transplant teams has received little attention despite general recognition of the potentially negative emotional consequences associated with such loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which members of pediatric liver transplant teams cope with the death of patients on the waitlist and post-transplant and the institutional resources available to facilitate this coping. Methods Participants included 120 physicians, nurses, and mental health professionals from multiple transplant centers across the United States. Participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed the availability of formal coping resources at their institutions, informal sources of support used to cope with patient death, and as indices of coping, bereavement, and emotional exhaustion symptoms experienced. Results Debriefing, the most commonly offered support, was available to about half (55.8%) of the sample; yet, nearly all respondents (98.3%) indicated that debriefing would be useful. On average, bereavement and emotional exhaustion levels were comparable to normative data, but patterns of coping varied based on participants' position within the transplant team. For participants who reported that debriefing was available at their institutions, emotional exhaustion was lower. Conclusions Overall, formal supports were inconsistently offered to pediatric transplant team members. Team members expressed high acceptability for debriefing, which has been associated with benefits in other populations, and findings indicated better coping in the transplant setting when it was offered.
PHILOSOPHY OF INTEREST CENGKEH SALAWAKU TRADITIONAL MALUKU SIWALIMA MUSEUM IN AMBON

This study aimed to describe : 1 . What are the philosophical values contained in clove ornaments in traditional Salawaku . 2 . Where are the different types and clove flower ornamental motifs placed in a museum in the traditional Salawaku Siwalima Ambon . 3 . How does the process of making and application of traditional ornaments on Salawaku. In this study the authors use a single variable type , ie the type of research that is focused on a problem . As for the focus of the research is the philosophy of clove , subjects in this study is the heritage of art and culture is preserved in the Museum Siwalima Ambon , the object of research is philosophy Salawau ornaments that exist in traditional techniques of data collection by observation , and interviews . In this study, using instruments such as a checklist , a list of questions , and camera . Data analysis techniques by means of collecting data , data reduction , classifying the data , and draw conclusions. From the research it can be concluded that : 1 . Each ornament has a meaning and a value philosophy . Value philosophy contained in clove ornaments can not be separated with art and culture , beliefs , and customs organizations pata Siwa Alifuru spooky island . 2 . Past used clove ornaments for decorating mark on the body . However, the development community is now placed on traditional Salawaku Maluku . 3 . The process of making traditional Salawaku , the process is still traditional and custom events melalakukan also is to go through several stages and produce good and mempuyai Salawaku magical powers . Keywords : Value Philosophy , clove flower , In Traditional Salawaku
Transcriptional modulation of entire chromosomes: dosage compensation

Dosage compensation is a regulatory system designed to equalize the transcription output of the genes of the sex chromosomes that are present in different doses in the sexes (X or Z chromosome, depending on the animal species involved). Different mechanisms of dosage compensation have evolved in different animal groups. In Drosophila males, a complex (male-specific lethal) associates with the X chromosome and enhances the activity of most X-linked genes by increasing the rate of RNAPII elongation. In Caenorhabditis, a complex (dosage compensation complex) that contains a number of proteins involved in condensing chromosomes decreases the level of transcription of both X chromosomes in the XX hermaphrodite. In mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by the inactivation, early during development, of most X-linked genes on one of the two X chromosomes in females. The mechanism involves the synthesis of an RNA (Tsix) that protects one of the two Xs from inactivation, and of another RNA (Xist) that coats the other X chromosome and recruits histone and DNA modifying enzymes. This review will focus on the current progress in understanding the dosage compensation mechanisms in the three taxa where it has been best studied at the molecular level: flies, round worms and mammals.
Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex

Recent studies suggest that circumscribed interests (CI) in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may align more closely with interests reported in typical female development than those typically reported for ASD males. We used eye-tracking to quantify attention to arrays containing combinations of male, female and neutral images in elementary-aged males and females with and without ASD. A number of condition × sex effects emerged, with both groups attending to images that corresponded with interests typically associated with their biological sex. Diagnostic effects reported in similar studies were not replicated in our modified design. Our findings of more typical attention patterns to gender-typical images in ASD females is consistent with evidence of sex differences in CI and inconsistent with the “Extreme Male Brain” theory of ASD.
Business Ethics as a Goal-Rights-System

The endeavour to outline a viable conception of business ethics and to establish it as a respectable academic discipline confronts a host of difficult methodological and foundational problems. Yet in spite of these difficulties the development of such a conception is a supremely important task that must be undertaken if more clarity in the business ethics debate is needed and if it is also assumed that academia, in shaping its various disciplines, bears some responsibility for improving actual business life. To discuss my topic, I begin by presenting a critical view of Adam Smith and Max Weber (chapter 1). I then sketch an “action-oriented” conception of business ethics that provides a framework within which the discussion of substantive issues can be conducted fruitfully (chapter 2). Finally, I take up the normative-ethical approach of a “goal-rights-system” proposed by Amartya Sen and try to develop it further (chapter 3).
Nuclear Import and Export of Mammalian Viruses

Viruses are intracellular parasites that commandeer cellular processes, such as RNA processing or protein synthesis, to perform virus-specific functions. For this purpose, many viral proteins shuttle between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, even when the viral genome is replicated in the cytoplasm. This shutding process is usually regulated by classical nuclear import and export signals (NLSs and NESs, respeaively), which are also found in many cellular proteins and are described elsewhere in this book. In this Chapter, we will focus on viruses that replicate in the nucleus, and in particular on the mechanisms by which they transport their genomes into and out of the nucleus.
Fifteen Nanometer Resolved Patterns in Selective Area Atomic Layer Deposition-Defectivity Reduction by Monolayer Design.

Selective area atomic layer deposition (SA-ALD) offers the potential to replace a lithography step and provide a significant advantage to mitigate pattern errors and relax design rules in semiconductor fabrication. One class of materials that shows promise to enable this selective deposition process are self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). In an effort to more completely understand the ability of these materials to function as barriers for ALD processes and their failure mechanism, a series of SAM derivatives were synthesized and their structure—property relationship explored. These materials incorporate different side group functionalities and were evaluated in the deposition of a sacrificial etch mask. Monolayers with weak supramolecular interactions between components (for example, van der Waals) were found to direct a selective deposition, though they exhibit significant defectivity at and below 100 nm feature sizes. The incorporation of stronger noncovalent supramolecular interacting groups in the monol...
Charge confinement and thermal transport processes in modulation-doped epitaxial crystals lacking lattice interfaces

Heterogeneous nanosystems offer a robust potential for manipulating various functional material properties, beyond those possible from their individual constituent materials. We demonstrate the formation of a class of materials with a homogeneous lattice but spatially heterogeneous electrical functionality; specifically, we develop epitaxial modulation-doped thin films in which the spatial separation of electronic charge densities is achieved without perturbing the parent crystal's compositional or structural homogeneity. Unlike the previous realizations of modulation doping in crystals, our materials demonstrate periodic layering of spatially segregated, varying electronically donor-doped regions in a single compositionally and structurally homogenous single-crystalline lattice. We demonstrate the formation of ``modulation-doped epitaxial crystals'' (MoDECs) using alternating layers of doped cadmium oxide, and the ability to spatially confine regions of variable carrier concentration via low potential-energy barriers in a spatially homogeneous, epitaxial crystal with a chemically and structurally homogenous lattice (i.e., no chemical or structural lattice interfaces). The low potential energy that confines electrons within the doped layers coupled with the crystalline nature of the MoDECs and lack of lattice interfaces presents a platform to study the electron thermal boundary resistances at low-energy electronic barriers. We find that the electron interfacial density does not impede thermal conductivity, despite evidence that the doped layers retain their carrier concentrations. Thus, the negligible thermal boundary resistances at the electronic interfaces result in the thermal conductivities of the MoDECs being related to only a series resistance sum of the thermal resistances of each of the individual layers, with no thermal resistances from the electronic boundaries that maintain charge separation. This is in stark contrast with other nanoscale multilayer materials, where thermal boundary resistances at the internal material interfaces reduce the thermal conductivity of the multilayer compared to that of the parent materials. The ability to modulation dope epitaxially grown films with no structural heterogeneity in the lattice will further enable unique platforms for mid-IR photonics, such as hyperbolic metamaterials, optical filters with spatially discrete optical absorption, or energy harvesting based on charge injection across modulation-doped interfaces.
The invention of radical reactions. Part XXV : A convenient method for the synthesis of the acyl derivatives of N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione

Abstract Treatment of the readily available di-N-oxide- of 2-thiopyridine disulfide 6 with tributylphosphine in the presence of a carboxylic acid provides a convenient and high yielding synthesis of the acyl derivatives 2 of N-hydroxy-2-thio-pyridone. Application of this procedure to the acids 17 and 18 gave, after irradiation in the presence of t-butylthiol, the desired decarboxylated derivatives in high (>90%) yield.
FRAME: Fault Tolerant and Real-Time Messaging for Edge Computing

Edge computing systems for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications require reliable and timely message delivery. Both latency discrepancies within edge clouds, and heterogeneous loss-tolerance and latency requirements pose new challenges for proper quality of service differentiation. Efficient differentiated edge computing architectures are also needed, especially when common fault-tolerant mechanisms tend to introduce additional latency, and when cloud traffic may impede local, time-sensitive message delivery. In this paper, we introduce FRAME, a fault-tolerant real-time messaging architecture. We first develop timing bounds that capture the relation between traffic/service parameters and loss-tolerance/latency requirements, and then illustrate how such bounds can support proper differentiation in a representative IIoT scenario. Specifically, FRAME leverages those timing bounds to schedule message delivery and replication actions to meet needed levels of assurance. FRAME is implemented on top of the TAO real-time event service, and we present empirical evaluations in a local edge computing test-bed and an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud. The results of those evaluations show that FRAME can efficiently meet different levels of message loss-tolerance requirements, mitigate latency penalties caused by fault recovery, and meet end-to-end soft deadlines during normal, fault-free operation.
Patient and caregiver guide to managing COVID-19 patients at home

Since the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 infections have increased exponentially, overwhelming health-care services globally. Survivors of this infection have significant disabilities due to the debilitating weakness and compromised lung function. Unfortunately, rehabilitation services are scarce due to diversion of rehabilitation clinicians to emergency medical care. This manual aims to bridge this gap by providing a self-directed home care and graduated exercise program which does not require any special equipment. The exercises were carefully selected based on research by the authors on self-directed home exercises in frail, elderly patients.
Reading with Students who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Most students who are deaf or hard of hearing (S-D/HH) do not read proficiently (Karchmer, Milone, & Work, 1979; Allen, 1996). Although there has been some improvement in deaf students' achievement...
A Survey of High School Guidance Counselors’ Perceptions and Needs Related to Health and Human Service Majors

Background: Students entering different Health and Human Service majors (HHSM) have been on a steady decline. This issue can be related to whether or not high school students are being given up to date information regarding HHSM. If counselors do not have a full understanding of all HHSM, high school students may not have the ability to make career/major choices in these areas. In this study, we will attempt to explore the perceptions and needs of high school guidance counselors related to HHSM. The hypothesis of this study is that fifty percent of high school guidance counselors lack knowledge and feel uncomfortable providing students with information about HHSM. Methods: The Institutional Review Board of Youngstown State University (YSU) approved this study. A survey instrument was developed to evaluate high school guidance counselor9s perceptions and needs regarding HHSM. The survey was sent to the regions surrounding YSU. Results: Of the 88 local high school guidance counselors that were emailed the survey, 29 responded (32.9%). When asked if they felt as if they see a need to improve their resources and understanding of HHSM, 22 of the 29 (75.9%) said yes. Of the HHSM that are offered at YSU, the top 3 that counselors felt most knowledgeable about, (strong and very strong ratings), were nursing, 25 (86.21%), physical therapy, 24 (82.76%), and social work, 23 (79.31%). The counselors were also asked to rate their level of comfort in discussing each HHSM that are offered at YSU. The top 3 majors that counselors felt more, and very comfortable discussing, were nursing, 21 (72.41%), social work, 20 (68.97%), and physical therapy, 20 (68.97%). When asked what methods they prefer in gaining information to the HHSM, web based format and written handouts were the preferred methods. They were then asked what methods in educating their students about HHSM would best suit their needs, campus program visit and web based format were the preferred methods. Conclusions: The hypothesis for this study is rejected. However the results of the survey showed that 75.9% of the high school guidance counselors felt as though they needed to improve their resources and understandings of HHSM. A limitation to this study is the sample size and that it only pertains to the regions surrounding YSU. Further research could investigate high school guidance counselors nationally.
Deep learning-based artificial bandwidth extension: Training on ultrasparse OBN to enhance towed-streamer FWI

Abstract The lack of seismic low frequencies in towed-streamer data is known to have an outsized detrimental effect on advanced velocity model building techniques such as full-waveform inversion (F...
Could lymph node evaluation be eliminated in nearly 50% of women with early stage ER/PR positive breast cancer?

Abstract Background The Society of Surgical Oncology introduced guidance discouraging routine axillary staging in women 70 years or older with invasive, clinically node negative, hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. Due to concerns this could result in patients missing necessary treatment, researchers from the Mayo Clinic developed a rule to distinguish between those at low/high-risk of having positive nodes. The purpose of this study was to validate the Mayo Clinic rule in women of all ages. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients seen in one breast surgeon’s practice from January 1, 2006 through March 1, 2018. The Mayo Clinic rule was applied, and accuracy was evaluated. Results Utilizing the Mayo Clinic rule, 46.8% (n = 289) of women met low-risk criteria. Unexpected positive lymph nodes in low-risk women was 10.0% (n = 29), which was similar to the Mayo Clinic study finding (7.8%, P = 0.167). Conclusions These data suggest the Mayo Clinic rule is reproducible. Nearly 50% of women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer could avoid axillary staging, but about 10% will have unexpected positive lymph nodes.
The geophysics of community, place, and identity in the Mississippian Illinois River Valley

Abstract Recent geophysical surveys at six sites in the Illinois River Valley (IRV), just north of the Greater Cahokia area, provide new insights into the region’s volatile era of Mississippian occupation by revealing a series of important changes in community organization that occurred from the eleventh to fifteenth centuries. Geophysical data allow us to evaluate these changes through the lens of site layout, special-purpose architecture and communal space, and the spatial alignment of site features to consider how the construction of Mississippian spaces structured social organization and identities. When considered in conjunction with data from previous excavations in the region, this geophysical work indicates that religion played a key role in forging new relationships and shared identities among early Mississippian IRV and Cahokian groups. Our analysis also reveals that IRV Mississippians reconfigured important aspects of these religious practices and socio-political relationships in the context of warfare-induced population nucleation beginning around 1200 CE, leading to more locally structured identities over time.
Picosecond Electro-Optic Sampling

The electro-optic sampling technique is a new characterization technique based on short optical pulses (picosecond or femtosecond) and the electro-optic effect. With this technique, electrical waveforms have been characterized with temporal resolution of less than 300 fs, corresponding to a 1 THz bandwidth. Since its inception in 1982, this method has been adapted to a variety of measuring situations, leading to a large number of embodiments. The electro-optic sampling was first used to study the dispersion of picosecond electrical pulses on transmission lines. Using a superconducting transmission line, it has been recently shown that conduction losses can be defeated’and single picosecond pulses propagated over a few millimeters. Additionally, Ultrafast transistors have been tested with single picosecond resolution that is, the transistor response was time-resolved as the gate was pulsed using a step function with a picosecond rise time. MESFET, TEGFET, and permeable base transistor (PBT) responses have been studied, and switching times as low as 5 ps have been directly measured for the PBT. Because GaAs exhibits the Pockels effect, the GaAs components and circuits can be directly probed in a noninvasive way. We will review the principle of electro-optic sampling in its various embodiments and applications to device and circuit characterization, as well as the direct investigation of velocity overshoot and ballistic and resonant tunneling transport.
We Are Made of Starstuff

The Magic Furnace The Search for the Origins of Atoms. Marcus Chown. Oxford University Press, New York, 2001. 240 pp. $25. ISBN 0-19-514305-1. Writing for nonspecialists, Chowan presents the stories of the birth of atoms in the Big Bang and stellar evolution and sketches the history of research into both processes.
Brief announcement: on the hardness of topology inference

Many systems require information about the topology of networks on the Internet, for purposes like management, efficiency, testing of new protocols and so on. However, ISPs usually do not share the actual topology maps with outsiders. Consequently, many systems have been devised to reconstruct the topology of networks on the Internet from publicly observable data. Such systems rely on traceroute to provide path information, and attempt to compute the network topology from these paths. However, traceroute has the problem that some routers refuse to reveal their addresses, and appear as anonymous nodes in traces. Previous research on the problem of topology inference with anonymous nodes has demonstrated that it is at best NP-complete. We prove a stronger result. There exists no algorithm that, given an arbitrary trace set with anonymous nodes, can determine the topology of the network that generated the trace set. Even the weak version of the problem, which allows an algorithm to output a "small" set of topologies such that the correct topology is included in the solution set, is not solvable: there exist trace sets such that any algorithm guaranteed to output the correct topology outputs at least an exponential number of networks. We show how to construct such a pathological case even when the network is known to have exactly two anonymous nodes.
Site-directed mutagenesis of ribosomal RNA: Analysis of ribosomal RNA deletion mutants using maxicells☆☆☆

Abstract Until now, a genetic approach to the study of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has been limited by the absence of mutants coding altered rRNA. In the accompanying paper by Gourse et al. we have described the construction and characterisation of plasmids coding mutant rRNAs. The mutant plasmids each contain a small deletion at one of seven chosen sites in the rRNA coding regions. In order to study the effects of these mutations we have modified the maxicell system of Sancar et al. (1979). We have obtained expression of plasmid-coded rRNA in the complete absence of host-coded rRNA synthesis. Optimal yield and specificity for synthesis of plasmid-coded rRNA were obtained using maxicells generated by use of low ultraviolet light fluences. Under these conditions, maxicells synthesized many proteins with no apparent specificity for expression of only the plasmid-coded polypeptides, despite complete specificity for expression of only the plasmid-coded rRNA. In maxicells containing the wild-type (i.e. unaltered) plasmid, rRNA transcripts were fully processed and assembled into ribosomal subunits. Both 30 S and 50 S subunits assembled in maxicells were matured sufficiently to form 70 S ribosomes. However, small deletions at positions 704 and 1504 in 16 S rRNA abolished the maturation of the mutant precursor 16 S (17 S) rRNAs and concurrently prevented completion of 30 S subunit assembly. Even single-base deletions at two other sites (positions 615 and 1384/1385 in 16 S rRNA) severely retarded both precursor rRNA maturation and 30 S subunit assembly. Mutations at two sites in 23 S rRNA (positions 607 and 1985) had no apparent effect on the processing of the mutant precursor 23 S rRNAs, but partially reduced the production of mature 50 S subunits. Small deletions at position 365 in 23 S rRNA prevented its assembly into 50 S subunits with the capacity to form 70 S ribosomes, although processing of the mutant precursor 23 S rRNA was not prevented.
Bioinformatics analysis of uman NOTCH4 protein (778.10)

NOTCH4 is a receptor protein in the highly conserved Notch signaling pathway that plays a critical role in many cellular processes, including differentiation and apoptosis. The structure of NOTCH1 has been determined and several functions elucidated. NOTCH1 is used as the model, in function and structure, for the rest of the Notch proteins. The objective of the current study is to use available bioinformatics data to better characterize functional domains and vital residues of the NOTCH4 protein. Amino acid sequence data of NOTCH4 were aligned against templates of homologous domains-Ankyrin repeats, epidermal growth factor, and calcium-binding epidermal growth factor - from standards to find a predicted 3-D structure of NOTCH4. The threading program RaptorX, has been used to generate a predicted structure of one domain of NOTCH4 and then Cn3D was used for visualization. This study plans to expand to identify important residues in all of the major domains. Data from this predicted structure will be used to...
SNACK PEANUTS PURCHASE PATTERN: EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS

This study examines the effect of a meal planner’s nutritional awareness, exercise habits, and household socioeconomic characteristics on market participation and frequency of purchase of snack peanuts. Data are from a household survey of 2880 U.S. households collected by Gallup in 1997. Statistical tests showed that a double-hurdle or Cragg model best represented consumers’ participation and purchase level decisions in the snack peanut market. The results indicated that meal planner’s nutritional considerations while making food purchase decisions had little effect on the participation level decisions, but did affect purchase frequency of snack peanuts. Those household meal planners who were overly concerned about undesirable nutritional factors tended to decrease their purchase of snack peanuts. Promotion of snack peanuts on the basis of nutritional benefits through health professional and media is a useful tool to increase purchase frequency.
Shifting Visual Attention in Stereographic Displays: A Time Course Analysis

According to a growing number of studies, the stereographic presentation of three dimensional information improves overall performance relative to displays with only monocular depth cues. Based on studies using real-world, three-dimensional stimuli, however, the efficiency (i.e., speed) of shifting attention between objects located at different depths is impaired relative to that of attention shifts between objects located at the same depth. In the present study we tested whether similar impairments occur when attention is shifted in stereographic space. We compared the time course of attention shifts across and within depth planes using a spatial cuing task. Contrary to the results from studies of real-world stimuli, we found no difference between the time course of within-plane and across-plane attention shifts.