cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Membranous Glomerulopathy Complicated by Crescentic Glomerulonephritis and Renal Vein Thrombosis

A SSOCIATION of membranous glomerulopathy with crescentic glomerulonephritis is very rare. Until recently, a total of nine cases had been reviewed by K. Abreo et a1.! We hereby report the first case of membranous glomerulonephropathy complicated by crescentic glomerulonephritis and renal vein thrombosis (RVT). The association of membranous nephropathy with RVT is well recognized. 2 The occurrence of RVT complicates the diagnosis of acute renal failure (ARF).3 However, the renal biopsy performed in our patient revealed that the underlying crescentic glomerulonephritis was responsible for the renal failure.
Identification and trauma: An integrative-developmental approach

The present paper addresses the effects of sexual abuse trauma on the developmental process of identification. Childhood victims of family violence often experience profound character changes as adults. One primary adaptation utilized by survivors of sexual abuse trauma is termed identification with the aggressor.Both pathological and adaptive manifestations of this operation exist in children and adults. Clinical case material is presented which clarifies the impact of trauma on the process of identification in children and adults. Individual, group, and family dynamics all provide important contextual information for the processing of sexual abuse trauma in psychotherapy. Clients may co-create, with their therapist, interactions which resemble their original traumatizations. During these therapeutic re-creations, clients exhibit behavior which represents an identification with their offender, hence expressing unresolved aggression toward the therapist. The effective psychotherapist is able to tolerate her own aggression, and remain empathically connected to her client.
Infant growth and child cognition at 3 years of age.

Background Infancy is a critical period for brain development. Few studies have examined the extent to which infant weight gain is associated with later neurodevelopmental outcomes in healthy populations. Objective The purpose of this work was to examine associations of infant weight gain from birth to 6 months with child cognitive and visual-motor skills at 3 years of age. Patients and methods We studied 872 participants in Project Viva, an ongoing prospective, longitudinal, prebirth cohort. We abstracted birth weight from the medical chart and weighed infants at 6 months of age. We used the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts to derive weight-for-age z scores. Our primary predictor was infant weight gain, defined as the weight-for-age z score at 6 months adjusted for the weight-for-age z score at birth. At 3 years of age, we measured child cognition with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III and visual-motor skills with the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities. Results Mean Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III score was 104.2, and mean Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities test score was 102.8. Mean birth weight z score was 0.21, and mean 6-month weight z score was 0.39. In multiple linear regression adjusted for child age, gender, gestational age, breastfeeding duration, primary language, and race/ethnicity; maternal age, parity, smoking status, and cognition; and parental education and income level, we found no association of infant weight gain with child Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III score (-0.4 points per z score weight gain increment, 95% confidence interval -1.3, 0.6) or total Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities standard score (-0.4 points, 95% confidence interval -1.2, 0.5). Conclusions Slower infant weight gain was not associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in healthy, term-born 3-year-old children. These results should aid in determining optimal growth patterns in infants to balance risks and benefits of health outcomes through the life course.
On modeling the development of crystallographic texture in bulk forming processes

Abstract A mathematical formulation is presented for modeling the evolution of deformation induced crystallographic texture in steady state bulk forming processes. The formulation treats the material response of the polycrystalline aggregate as a statistical function of the response of the individual grains. A viscoplastic relationship is assumed for deformation along the grain slip systems. Strain hardening on these slip systems is included. The viscoplastic stiffness matrix code is presented. A streamline technique has been used to integrate the evolution equation for this aggregate is derived and its implementation in a large deformation Eulerian finite element for the lattice rotation and the slip system hardness. As an application, the evolution of texture in a multipass aluminum rolling simulation has been modeled. The numerical predictions have been compared with reported experimental rolling textures.
Examination of a short English version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale ☆

Abstract The current study examines a recently developed short English version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Participants were 251 undergraduate students (59.3% male; mean age = 21.16 ( SD = 4.18); 72% Caucasian). The short version generally replicated the internal consistency (0.74–0.88 across subscales) and inter-scale correlations of the full English UPPS-P. Moreover, the estimated loss of shared variance was small (0%–6.4% reductions across subscales) as compared to a 66% time-savings. Structural equation modeling replicated previously supported factor structures and relationships to external outcomes using the full UPPS-P. This short UPPS-P scale should be considered a valid and reliable alternative to the full UPPS-P in English-speaking non-clinical adult samples.
New complexity measures for the facility layout problem: an empirical study using traditional and neural network analysis

Abstract The most frequent application of the quadratic assignment problem has been in facility layout, which is concerned with locating the activities or departments of an organization in a fixed set of locations such that those activities with the strongest interrelationships are closest to each other. Early attempts to explain the varying performance of optimal and heuristic solution procedures on different layout problems focused on a univariate complexity measure such as the coefficient of variation. Recently, a multivariate measure for assessing the complexity of the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) formulation of the facility layout problem has been proposed. This paper introduces a new thresholding procedure for capturing critical relationship information, expands the eight components of the multivariate complexity measure by adding two new components, demonstrates a new solution value bound and experimentally determines the effect on solution quality of using either one of two heuristic solution procedures versus an optimal procedure. This result is important because it enables layout planners to determine in advance the likelihood of obtaining an optimal solution. It also tells them which problem characteristics are important and their relative weights in determining the solution outcome.
Isolation of a High Affinity Inhibitor of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator by Phage Display of Ecotin

Ecotin, a serine protease inhibitor found in the periplasm of Escherichia coli, is unique in its ability and mechanism of inhibiting serine proteases of a broad range of substrate specificity. However, although the catalytic domain of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has 40% identity to bovine trypsin and the substrate specificities of these two proteases are virtually identical, ecotin inhibits uPA almost 10,000-fold less efficiently than trypsin. Ecotin was expressed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage (ecotin phage) to allow the isolation of more potent inhibitors of uPA from a library of ecotin variants. The 142-amino acid inhibitor was fused to the C-terminal domain of the M13 minor coat protein, pIII, through a Gly-Gly-Gly linker and assembled into phage particles. The ecotin phage were shown to react with anti-ecotin antibodies, revealing a stoichiometry of approximately one ecotin per bacteriophage. The ecotin displayed on the surface of phage inhibited trypsin with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 6.7 nM, in close approximation to that of free ecotin, indicating that phage-associated ecotin is correctly folded and functionally active. Reactive-site amino acids 84 and 85 of ecotin were then randomized and a library of 400 unique ecotin phage was created. Three hundred thousand members of the library were screened with immobilized uPA and subjected to three rounds of binding and in vitro selection. DNA sequence analysis of the selected ecotin phage showed that ecotin M84R/M85R predominated while ecotin M84R, M84K, and M84R/M85K were present at a lower frequency. The four ecotin variants were overexpressed and purified and their affinities toward uPA were determined. Each of the selected ecotin variants exhibited increased affinity for uPA when compared to wild-type ecotin with ecotin M84R/M85R showing a 2800-fold increase in binding affinity.
Efficiency of a BaF2 scintillator detector for 15–150 MeV neutrons

Abstract The neutron detection efficiency of a BaF 2 scintillator detector was measured relative to a NE213 detector for neutron energies between 15 and 150 MeV. The efficiency for the BaF 2 detector is found to be higher than a comparable NE213 detector for neutrons above 70 MeV.
Late Pleistocene braided rivers of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA.

Abstract Infrared Landsat imagery (band 4) clearly reveals braided river patterns on late Pleistocene terraces of unglaciated rivers in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States, a region that presently exhibits meandering patterns that have existed throughout the Holocene. These Pleistocene braided patterns provide a unique global example of river responses to late Quaternary climate changes in an unglaciated humid subtropical region at 30–35° north latitude. Detailed morphological and chronological results are given for the Oconee-Altamaha River valley in Georgia and for the Pee Dee River valley in South Carolina, including 15 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates and four radiocarbon dates. Correlative examples are drawn from additional small to large rivers in South- and North Carolina. OSL and radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates indicate distinct braiding at 17–30 ka, within oxygen isotope stage 2 (OIS 2), and braiding probably existed at least during parts of OIS 3 and possibly OIS 4 back to ca 70 ka. The chronology suggests that braiding is the more common pattern for the late Quaternary in the southeastern United States. Braided terraces appear to have been graded to lower sea-levels and are onlapped by Holocene floodplain deposits up to 10–60 km from the coast. The braiding probably reflects the response of discharge and sediment yield to generally cooler and drier paleoclimates, which may have had a pronounced runoff season. Sedimentation of eolian dunes on the braid plains is coeval with braiding and supports the conclusion of dry soils and thin vegetation cover during the late Pleistocene. Our chronological data contribute to a body of literature indicating that reliable OSL age estimates can be obtained from quartz-rich bed load sand from braided rivers, based on good correlations with both radiocarbon dates from braided fluvial sediment and OSL dates from stratigraphically correlative eolian sand.
Validation of a simple method of assessing cardiac preejection period: a potential index of sympathetic nervous system activity.

Summary.-Traditional noninvasive assessment of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in cardiovascular functioning has been confounded by concurrent parasympathetic influences. Analyses of specific intervals of the cardiac qcle have indicated that the systolic preejection period (PEP) may serve as a reliable index of SNS activity independent of parasympathetic inhibition. In the present study, PEP values derived from a technique employing peripheral pulse wave tracings were compared to values obtained from simultaneous impedance cardiograph recordings. Recordings were made on 15 male subjects who were instructed to rest quietly sitting In an upright position. Results indicated that values obtained from both methods were highly correlated and not significantly different when measurement adjustments on total systole were taken into account. These findings support the validity of the fingertip peripheral-pulse method in obtaining measures of systolic time intervals uoder resting conditions. It has long been hypothesized that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a vital role in the manifestation of psychophysiological, anxiety-related, and so-called stress-related disorders. Based upon this piesumption, several behavioral treatment procedures, including relaxation, medication, and biofeedback, have been developed, specifically to reduce SNS activity. Empirical support for this contention through the direct assessment of SNS functioning (e.g., measurements of plasma catecholamines), however, has been mixed, with some researcheri-reporting no alterations in plasma norepinephrine during relaxation (Michaels, Huber, & McCann, 1976; Lang, Dehof, Meurer, & Kaufmann, 1979) and others reporting significant reductions (Davidson, Winchester, Taylor, Alderman, & Ingels, 1979). One reason for the lack of clarity in this area is the dependence upon invasive medical procedures for assessing SNS functioning. Measurements obtained in this fashion can be influenced by the nature of the procedure, rendering potentially invalid estimates of baseline functioning. Although noninvasive assessment procedures would be preferred, none have been developed that can measure SNS acrivity independent of parasympathetic inhibition. Blood pressure, heart rate, and pupillary response, for example, are influenced
Circular dichroism tests on the effect of alkali on conformation of lectins.

Abstract The structural properties of eight lectins (agglutinins) were studied by the circular dichroism (CD) probe. The lectin from Maclura pomifera (osage orange seed) exhibited in the far-ultraviolet spectral zone a positive CD band centered at 201 nm, whereas the other lectins had positive bands at 19–198 nm. Structural transitions were effected by alkali, pH 9.6–11.9. Native M. pomifera lectin had a positive CD band also at 236 nm which shifted to the red and enhanced by alkali. Significant individual differences in resistance to the denaturing effect of alkali were observed even between the lectins the CD spectra of which were similar in neutral solutions. The CD spectrum of the lectin from Wistaria floribunda was similar to the CD spectrum of the Dolichos biflorus lectin, but the former was much less sensitive to alkali than the latter. The CD spectra of the native lectins from soybean (Glycine max) and the erythroagglutinin from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) also were similar, yet the former was denatured at pH 10.6–11.6, whereas the CD of the latter was affected very little. The tertiary structures of the lectins from D. biflorus, the Sophora japonica and the fucose binding lectin from Tetragonolobus purpureas were more sensitive to alkali than those of the other lectins. While the CD bands at 270–300 nm, related to the tyrosine and tryptophan chromophores are generally diminished on denaturation, in the D. biflorus and S. japonica lectins these bands were enhanced at pH 9.6–10.6. In more strongly alkaline solutions, a new CD band developed at 248–252 nm. The main polypeptide chain was more or less completely disorganized at the very high pH values.
Intra-VTA deltorphin, but not DPDPE, induces place preference in ethanol-drinking rats: distinct DOR-1 and DOR-2 mechanisms control ethanol consumption and reward

Background While there is a growing body of evidence that the delta opioid receptor (DOR) modulates ethanol (EtOH) consumption, development of DOR-based medications is limited in part because there are 2 pharmacologically distinct DOR subtypes (DOR-1 and DOR-2) that can have opposing actions on behavior. Methods We studied the behavioral influence of the DOR-1-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-Enkephalin (DPDPE) and the DOR-2-selective agonist deltorphin microinjected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on EtOH consumption and conditioned place preference (CPP) and the physiological effects of these 2 DOR agonists on GABAergic synaptic transmission in VTA-containing brain slices from Lewis rats. Results Neither deltorphin nor DPDPE induced a significant place preference in EtOH-naive Lewis rats. However, deltorphin (but not DPDPE) induced a significant CPP in EtOH-drinking rats. In contrast to the previous finding that intra-VTA DOR-1 activity inhibits EtOH consumption and that this inhibition correlates with a DPDPE-induced inhibition of GABA release, here we found no effect of DOR-2 activity on EtOH consumption nor was there a correlation between level of drinking and deltorphin-induced change in GABAergic synaptic transmission. Conclusions These data indicate that the therapeutic potential of DOR agonists for alcohol abuse is through a selective action at the DOR-1 form of the receptor.
Superfluidity of spin-1/2 Bose fluid: Spin-polarized hydrogen

It is shown here that superfluids (such as $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$A$ and Bose-condensed spin-polarized hydrogen) whose order parameters transform like an angular momentum eigenstate $|j, m\ensuremath{\ne}0〉$ will have similar superfluidity---similar Josephson and vorticity equations. In particular, if spin-polarized hydrogen condenses into the $b$ state as currently believed, it will not have a stable superflow. Nonuniform magnetic fields can also induce in it a persistent current similar to that of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$A$.
A Plant Stem Inoculation Assay for Assessing Transmission of Phytophthora infestans from Potato Seed Tubers to Emerged Shoots

A stem inoculation assay was developed to assess transmission of Phytophthora infestans from the base of belowground potato stems to emerged aboveground shoots. Sporangia of P. infestans subsequently developed on aboveground stems after belowground stems were inoculated with isolates BF05 (US 8 genotype), WA10.1 (US 24), and 110B (US 11) by (i) placing a filter paper square saturated with a spore suspension onto nonwounded belowground stem tissue, (ii) placing a filter paper square saturated with a spore suspension onto wounded belowground stem tissue, and (iii) dipping the base of the cut belowground stem into a spore suspension. Plant stems were then incubated in a humidity chamber at 10 to 21.5°C for 7 to 28 days. Incidence of aboveground stems with sporulation was significantly less when stems were inoculated with isolate 110B than with isolates BF05 and WA10.1 but length of latent period did not differ among the three isolates. Incidence of aboveground stems with sporangia was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for 'Russet Norkotah' than for 'Umatilla Russet' when inoculated near the point of seed piece attachment. Incidence of aboveground stems with sporulation did not differ among incubation temperatures of 10, 15, and 21.5°C. Latent period significantly increased as temperature decreased. Age of stem did not appear to affect incidence of transmission. Incidence of transmission of P. infestans to aboveground stems from the base of belowground stems was significantly lowered when aboveground stems were treated with selected fungicides 1 h before inoculation.
Effects of carbon additions on MoSi2 microstructure and properties

Abstract Carbon as a second-phase particulate addition to a MoSi2 matrix has been investigated for possible improved mechanical property effects. MoSi2 with 0, 1, 2 and 4 wt% C was fabricated using hot pressing and containerless hot isostatic pressing at temperatures of 1400, 1600 and 1800°C. These processing conditions showed the formation of an in-situ SiC phase and the ternary Nowotny phase C<1Mo<5Si3, which affected the microstructure and fracture behaviour of the materials. Microindentation techniques were used to evaluate the hardness and fracture toughness of the MoSi2 and C-MoSi2 materials. Increasing the processing temperature increased the hardness due to in-situ SiC formation as a result of carbon reaction with silica, although only modest improvements in fracture toughness were observed.
Telecentric beam positioning for advanced e-beam lithography

Abstract Telecentric e-beam positioning systems are evaluated by computer simulation. Compared to post-lens double deflection and and deflection through the lens front focal point, the variable axis immersion lens (VAIL) concept is superior for applciation to lithography of pattern dimensions smaller than 0.5 um in fields larger than 4 mm. The simulations suggest that resolving power and telecentricity are conjugated in VAIL: Meeting the VAL condition is favorable for resolution, but not for perpendicular beam landing.
Auxin and Fusicoccin Enhancement of β-Glucan Synthase in Peas An Intracellular Enzyme Activity Apparently Modulated by Proton Extrusion

Fusicoccin (FC), like indoleacetic acid (IAA), causes Golgi-localized β-1,4-glucan synthase (GS) activity to increase when applied to pea third internode segments whose GS activity has declined after isolation from the plant. This suggests that GS activity is modulated by H+ extrusion; in agreement, vanadate and nigericin inhibit the GS response. The GS response is not due to acidification of the cell wall. Treatment of tissue with heavy water, which in effect raises intracellular pH, mimics the IAA/FC GS response. However, various treatments that tend to raise cytoplasmic pH directly, other than IAA- or FC-induced H+ extrusion, failed to increase GS activity, suggesting that cytoplasmic pH is not the link between H+ extrusion and increased GS activity. Although FC stimulates H+ extrusion more strongly than IAA does, FC enhances GS activity at most only as much as, and often somewhat less than, IAA does. This and other observations indicate that GS enhancement is probably not due to membrane hyperpolarization, stimulated sugar uptake, or changes in ATP level, but leave open the possibility that GS is controlled by H+ transport-driven changes in intracellular concentrations of ions other than H+.
Remarks on geometries of type Cn

We begin with a few remarks about general properties of chamber systems, apply these to a discussion of geometries of type Cn, say a bit more about the case n=3, and conclude with a minor discussion of flat C3 geometries with all parameters equal to q. Proceeding in this way from the general to the specific, I hope to clarify a few points and raise a few questions along the way. This is therefore not intended as any kind of survey paper, but simply represents my attempt to tidy up a few things which have been bothering me for some time in a small corner of geometry.
Management-Board Relationships, Takeover Risk, and the Adoption of Golden Parachutes

This study compared the characteristics of the top management and boards of directors in large firms that have adopted golden parachutes for CEOs with those of an industry- and size-matched control...
Transgenerational Behavioral Plasticity in a Parthenogenetic Insect in Response to Increased Predation Risk

Reliable cues of increased predation risk can induce phenotypic changes in an organism’s offspring (i.e. transgenerational phenotypic plasticity). While induction of defensive morphologies in naive offspring in response to maternal predation risk is widespread, little is known about transgenerational changes in offspring behavior. Here we provide evidence for transgenerational behavioral plasticity in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. When pre-reproductive individuals of two genotypes (“pink” and “green”) were exposed to the alarm pheromone (E)-β-Farnesene (EBF), a reliable cue of increased predation risk, next-generation offspring altered their feeding site choices relative to the location of the maternal aphids. Offspring of EBF-treated aphids occupied “safer” feeding sites: green offspring occupied “safer” feeding sites in the natal colony, while pink offspring dispersed to occupy sites on neighboring plant leaves.
Cdk5 deregulation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

The aberrant metabolism of tau and β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) has key roles in the neurodegenerative processes that contribute to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These pathological characteristics of AD have recently been linked to the deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). The finding that the inducible expression of p25, which is the neurotoxic activator of cdk5, triggers progressive neurodegeneration and neurofibrillary tangle formation in mice provides compelling evidence that p25–cdk5 is one of the crucial pathways that can lead to AD pathophysiology. Furthermore, a role for cdk5 in modulating APP processing and β-amyloid generation is emerging. Therefore, as one of the molecular links between APP and tau, cdk5 might be a valuable target for therapeutic intervention in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Field dependence of the optical activity of a chiral liquid crystal near the isotropic–smectic A transition

Abstract Chiral liquid crystals exhibit molecular optical activity in the isotropic phase. We have studied the evolution of the optical activity as a function of an applied electric field on a 76·2 μm film of the chiral liquid crystal W7, which exhibits an isotropic–smectic A transition at approximately 40°C. We measured the optical activity by recording the rotation of the plane of polarization of an incident linearly polarized ray of light, provided by a He–Ne laser. The applied biasing electric field is parallel to the direction of the incident beam. We find that at 41·0°C, the plane of polarization shifts from −1·1° for an applied voltage of 30 V to a maximum of −4·0° at 70 V. The absolute value of the signal decreases beyond this voltage. These shifts are in the direction of the smectic A phase and are in general larger than those observed as a function of temperature. Close to the isotropic–smectic A phase transition, molecules inside the liquid coalesce to form dynamic coherent groups, which have s...
Application of prompt gamma activation analysis for the determination of water content in composite materials

Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) is a common technique for the identification of hydrogen and the measurement of hydrogen concentrations within a material. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites are materials that are known to absorb water. The experiments described herein demonstrate the feasibility of using PGAA to detect water absorption and desorption and show that PGAA measurements of hydrogen concentration are more sensitive to water absorption than gravimetric measurements. Hydrogen concentration measurements are made using PGAA after calibration with a boric acid solution sample. Relative changes in PGAA measurements generally agree with values expected based on gravimetric measurements.
How The National Prevention Council Can Overcome Key Challenges And Improve Americans’ Health

The Affordable Care Act of 2010 established the first-ever National Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health Council out of recognition of the need for a major new national focus on disease prevention. Composed of cabinet-level officials from a range of federal agencies, the council has a clear policy mandate: to coordinate and lead prevention, wellness, and health promotion efforts across the entire federal government and the nation. In its first year, the council developed a comprehensive prevention strategy; but its full implementation is threatened by economic, political, bureaucratic, and institutional challenges. This article examines these challenges and makes recommendations for how to maximize the positive impact of the council through effective cross-agency collaboration aimed at improving Americans’ health, including framing prevention as a bipartisan cost containment strategy; distancing the work of the council from the implementation of other aspects of the Affordable Care Act; using d...
Fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction in disordered materials

In disordered materials generally characterized by large conducting regions (or long conducting pathways) separated by small insulating barriers, it is shown that the electrical conduction can be ascribed to a novel mechanism, fluctuation-induced tunneling, in which the thermally activated voltage fluctuations across insulating gaps play an important role in determining the temperature and field dependences of the conductivity. By considering the modulating effects induced by voltage fluctuations on either an image-force corrected rectangular potential barrier or a parabolic barrier, a theoretical expression for the tunneling conductivity is derived which displays thermally activated characteristics at high temperatures but becomes identical to the temperature-independent simple elastic tunneling at low temperatures. Between the two limiting behaviors the temperature dependence of the conductivity is controlled by the shape of the tunneling barrier. An expression for the high-field tunneling current is similarly obtained. It is found that, while the tunneling current increases as a nonlinear function of the field, the degree of nonlinearity decreases as the temperature increases, indicating an effective lowering and narrowing of the barrier by voltage fluctuations. The theory is also generalized from the consideration of a single tunnel junction to a random network of tunnel junctions by the application of the effective-medium theory. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results for three disordered systems: (1) carbon-polyvinylchloride composites, (2) heavily doped, closely compensated GaAs, and (3) doped polyacetylene ${(\mathrm{CH})}_{x}$ in the metallic regime. In each case excellent agreement is obtained. It is shown in particular that the nonmetallic temperature dependence of the resistivity in doped metallic ${(\mathrm{CH})}_{x}$ samples can be understood in terms of the present theory.
Role of Lys215 located in the fifth transmembrane domain of the AT2 receptor in ligand-receptor interaction.

Abstract Studies on ligand–receptor interaction of Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor type 1 have shown that for peptidic ligands to bind this receptor they must interact via their C-terminal carboxylate group to the positively charged side chain of the Lysine residue 199 located in the fifth transmembrane domain of this receptor. In the Ang II receptor type AT2, this Lysine residue is conserved at position 215 in the fifth transmembrane domain. To determine the specific mechanism of ligand binding to the Angiotensin II receptor type AT2, mutated AT2 receptors were generated in which the Lys215 was replaced with glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine and arginine. The ability of these mutated receptors to bind peptidic ligands 125 I-[Sar 1 -Ile 8 ]Ang II (non-specific for AT2 receptor type), 125 I-CGP42112A (AT2 receptor specific) and the non-peptidic ligand PD123319 (AT2 receptor specific) was evaluated by expressing these receptors in Xenopus oocytes and performing binding assays. The Lys215Glu and Lys215Gln mutants of AT2 receptor lost their affinity to 125 I-[Sar 1 -Ile 8 ]Ang II, but retained their affinity to 125 I-CGP42112A and PD123319. In contrast, Lys215Arg mutant retained its affinity to 125 I-[Sar 1 -Ile 8 ]Ang II, but exhibited lower affinity to 125 I-CGP42112A. The Lys215Ala mutant lost its affinity to both 125 I-[Sar 1 -Ile 8 ]Ang II and 125 I-CGP42112A. These results suggest that the binding mechanism of 125 I-[Sar 1 -Ile 8 ]Ang II to AT2 receptor is similar to that of AT1 receptor since an amino acid with positively charged side chain (Lys or Arg) located in the fifth transmembrane domain is required for this ligand to bind AT2 receptor. In contrast, although CGP42112A is a peptidic ligand, it does not require an interaction between its C-terminal carboxylate group and the positively charged side-chain of an amino acid in the fifth transmembrane domain for its binding to AT2 receptor.
MrNomogram: A web-based multivariable pediatric renal nomogram

Abstract Multivariable Pediatric Renal Nomogram, or MrNomogram, is a web-based clinical tool for the evaluation of pediatric renal length. Unlike other available age-adjusted renal nomograms, MrNomogram takes into consideration the fact that the renal length is influenced by multiple demographic variables. It provides a more accurate prediction of pediatric renal length, given the patient's demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, height, etc. (Availability: https://www.prevmed.sunysb.edu/jjc/MrNomogram ).
Thiol-induced biochemical modification of chemo- and radioresponses.

Abstract There is considerable interest in the role of thiols and redox enzymes as modulators of chemo- and radioresponses from both therapeutic and theoretical perspectives. The metabolism of GSH and the functioning of the GSH redox cycle can have a significant impact on the response of cells to both chemical and radiation stresses. From this rapidly developing research area, attention has been focused on recent progress in several areas: (a) the use of GSH-depletion to reverse chemo-induced resistance to further chemical treatment; (b) the significance of GSH transferase activity in chemoresistant cells; (c) the effectiveness of GSH-depletion in sensitizing radioresistant cells; and (d) the evidence for an alternative GSH-linked recovery pathway. From an examination of these areas, it seems warranted to conclude the following: First, manipulation of the redox state is effective in enhancing the cytotoxic effect of radiation and some chemotherapeutic agents in radio- and chemoresistant cells; second, additional possibilities for a therapeutic advantage may be gained as new redox modifiers are developed; and last, membrane domains may provide important sites for redox alterations by naturally occurring substrates or by drugs specifically designed to alter this interaction.
Effects of fasting on the circadian body temperature rhythm of Japanese quail.

Abstract The effect of food deprivation on the body temperature and activity rhythms of quail was assessed in birds exposed to both light–dark (LD) cycles and to continuous darkness (DD). Quail normally exhibit a daily rhythm of body temperature in LD that will persist in DD (that is, the rhythm is circadian). In LD, 3 days’ food deprivation caused the body temperature to drop below its normal nighttime levels, whereas daytime body temperature was unaffected. In DD, food deprivation caused the body temperature to drop below normal at all phases of the circadian rhythm of body temperature. Accordingly, the lack of hypothermia during the light phase of the LD cycle following food deprivation must represent a direct exogenous or “masking” effect of light, and is not an endogenous property of the circadian system. Blind birds exposed to LD 12:12 exhibited an entrained body temperature rhythm, and food deprivation caused a drop in body temperature below normal levels during both the light and dark phases of the LD cycle. Accordingly, the masking effects of light observed in normal birds on LD cycles is mediated via retinal photoreceptors and not via extraretinal photoreceptors. Measurements of activity levels before and during fasting indicate that fasting-induced hypothermia cannot be explained simply as a consequence of decreases in activity levels. Food deprivation was also observed to cause significant phase shifts in the endogenous rhythm of body temperature.
Why Young Americans Hate Politics, and What We Should Do about It

On the final day of her American Government class last spring, one of my wife's students approached her and said, “You're a really great teacher. It's too bad you're teaching this subject. I hate politics.” The young man had begun the course getting D's and F's, but gradually raised his grades to B's. Clearly he was diving into the work, but the dislike of politics that he brought into the course remained.Professor Linda Bennett's experience at Wittenberg University typifies what many people tell me and my observations confirm. Today's young Americans on and off campus have a visceral dislike of politics, and it is expressed in many ways.Like many Americans over 30, young people do not trust politicians, believing many to be corrupt and self-serving. Large percentages think government is unresponsive to people like themselves, and that government is too much in thrall to well-organized special interest groups. The 1994 National Election Study found, for example, that 77% of Americans under 30 said they trusted the Federal government to do the right thing only “some of the time” or “none of the time”; 79% thought that Washington was run to benefit just “a few big interests looking out for themselves”; and 54% believed that “quite a few” of the people in government are crooked. (Among those over 30, 79% said they did not trust the government in Washington to do the right thing; 80% thought it benefitted just a few big interests; and 51% said that quite a few people in government were crooked.) Large portions of young Americans do not think that they have any political clout or that national politicians are solicitous of their opinions.
Enhanced Galactosyltransferase Expression in the Failing Hearts of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

To examine differences in cardiac gene expression between spontaneously hypertensive rats with and without heart failure, we have used subtractive hybridization to identify differentially expressed genes. After subtraction, cDNAs were amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. One of 36 independent cDNAs was found to be 86% homologous to murine UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. RNA blot analysis confirmed the approximately 4.0 kb rat galactosyltransferase transcript was increased in failing hearts relative to non-failing hearts. Biochemical assay also showed increased galactosyltransferase activity in the failing hearts.
The effect of pH and polyunsaturated C18 fatty acid source on the production of vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acids in ruminal cultures incubated with docosahexaenoic acid

Abstract Previously, combining docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with linoleic acid in rumen cultures enhanced vaccenic acid (VA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) accumulations. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of two pH levels and two polyunsaturated C18 fatty acid (FA) sources on VA and CLA accumulations in rumen cultures incubated with DHA. High pH culture treatments consisted of 10 mg DHA + 20 mg linoleic acid (LOH), or 10 mg DHA + 20 mg linolenic acid (LNH). Low pH culture treatments consisted of 10 mg DHA + 20 mg linoleic acid (LOL), or 10 mg DHA + 20 mg linolenic acid (LNL). Treatments were incubated in triplicate in 125 ml flasks containing 500 mg finely ground TMR, 10 ml strained ruminal fluid, 40 ml media, and 2 ml reducing solution. Ruminal fluid was collected from fermenters fed high forage (pH 6.7) or high grain diets (pH 5.4). A 5-ml sample of culture contents was taken at 0 and 24 h for fatty acid analysis by gas liquid chromatography. After 24 h of incubation, VA was the predominant trans C18:1 FA isomer in the high pH cultures and its concentration was greater with LOH (20.9 mg/culture) than with LNH (9.3 mg/culture). Similarly, t 10 C18:1 was the predominant trans C18:1 FA isomer in the low pH cultures and its concentration was greater with LOL (12.8 mg/culture) than with LNL (4.5 mg/culture). The c 9 t 11 CLA (0.74 mg/culture) and tt CLA (0.67 mg/culture) were the predominant CLA isomers in the LOH cultures, while t 10 c 12 CLA (1.47 mg/culture) and tt CLA (1.27 mg/culture) were the predominant CLA isomers in the LOL cultures. The t 11 t 13 CLA increased in linolenic acid cultures, particularly when linolenic acid incubated under low pH condition (0.95 mg/culture). Additions of linolenic acid to rumen cultures caused a dramatic increase in the concentration of t 11 c 15 C18:2 (9.84 and 8.45 mg/culture, for treatments LNH and LNL, respectively). The concentrations of VA and c 9 t 11 CLA in rumen cultures were greatest when DHA was incubated with linoleic acid at high pH. In contrast, t 10 C18:1 replaced VA and c 9 t 11 CLA disappeared when linoleic and linolenic acids were incubated under the low pH condition. This study shows that the best approach to increase ruminal VA production, and potentially c 9 t 11 CLA levels in ruminant food products, is by combining a DHA source (such as fish oil or algae) and linoleic acid source under high ruminal pH condition.
Carbon limitation of ammonium uptake by heterotrophic bacteria in the subarctic Pacific

The purpose ofthis study was to test the hypothesis that NH,+ uptake by heterotrophic bacteria in the subarctic Pacific is C limited. Addition of glucose (0.5-1.0 PM) stimulated NH.,+ uptake in unfractionated water but had no effect on bacterial abundance. Glucose stimulation of NH,+ uptake was even greater in the bacterial size fraction (<0.8 pm). Regeneration of “NH,+ from added [“N] amino acids was measurable in the bacterial size fraction, but glucose additions prevented net NH,+ excretion because of increased uptake of NH 4+. In the subarctic Pacific, NH,+ concentrations range from undetectable (SO.05 GM) to 0.4 FM, whereas the maximal estimate of monosaccharide concentrations was 0.025 PM. These results indicate that the supply of C compounds likeglucose can limit NH,* uptake by heterotrophic bacteria.
Interpersonal conflict-handling behavior as reflections of Jungian personality dimensions.

This study has sought to investigate the Jungian psychological correlates of an individual's choice of different interpersonal conflict-handling modes: competing, collaborating, compromising, avoid...
The photon sheds light on the quantum: Fluctuations and correlations tell the story

The study of fluctuations and correlations has historically been a royal road into quantum mechanics. Planck fit the spectrum of thermal light by focusing on its entropy. Einstein used Planck's entropy to calculate the fluctuations of thermal radiation and discovered the particle nature of light.
Automated discovery of concise predictive rules for intrusion detection

This paper details an essential component of a multi-agent distributed knowledge network system for intrusion detection. We describe a distributed intrusion detection architecture, complete with a data warehouse and mobile and stationary agents for distributed problem-solving to facilitate building, monitoring, and analyzing global, spatio-temporal views of intrusions on large distributed systems. An agent for the intrusion detection system, which uses a machine learning approach to automated discovery of concise rules from system call traces, is described.We use a feature vector representation to describe the system calls executed by privileged processes. The feature vectors are labeled as good or bad depending on whether or not they were executed during an observed attack. A rule learning algorithm is then used to induce rules that can be used to monitor the system and detect potential intrusions. We study the performance of the rule learning algorithm on this task with and without feature subset selection using a genetic algorithm. Feature subset selection is shown to significantly reduce the number of features used while improving the accuracy of predictions.
Duodenal atresia and stenosis: long-term follow-up over 30 years

Abstract Background Duodenal atresia and stenosis is a frequent cause of congenital, intestinal obstruction. Current operative techniques and contemporary neonatal critical care result in a 5% morbidity and mortality rate, with late complications not uncommon, but unknown to short-term follow-up. Methods A retrospective review of patients with duodenal anomalies was performed from 1972 to 2001 at a tertiary, children's hospital to identify late morbidity and mortality. Results Duodenal atresia or stenosis was identified in 169 patients. Twenty children required additional abdominal operations after their initial repair with average follow-up of 6 years (range, 1 month to 18 years) including fundoplication (13), operation for complicated peptic ulcer disease (4), and adhesiolysis (4). Sixteen children underwent revision of their initial repair: tapering duodenoplasty or duodenal plication (7), conversion of duodenojejunostomy to duodenoduodenostomy (3), redo duodenojejunostomy (3), redo duodenoduodenostomy (2), and conversion of gastrojejunostomy to duodenoduodenostomy (1). There were 10 late deaths (range, 3 months to 14 years) attributable to complex cardiac malformations (5), central nervous system bleeding (1), pneumonia (1), anastomotic leak (1), and multisystem organ failure (2). Conclusions Late complications occur in 12% of patients with congenital duodenal anomalies, and the associated late mortality rate is 6%, which is low but not negligible. Follow-up of these patients into adulthood is recommended to identify and address these late occurrences.
Neural network principal component using adaptive principal component extractor (APEX)

The neural networks principal component analysis (NNPCA) can be a very useful tool in the analysis of data with very large temporal dimensionality. Considerable computer resources (computer memory and CPU-time) could be saved when processing a large data matrix. The neural network principal component analysis (NNPCA) is reviewed and an application to simulated climate data is introduced.
Asthma Treatment in a Population-Based Cohort: Putting Step-Up and Step-Down Treatment Changes in Context

OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency and types of visits related to modifications in the intensity of asthma medications. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of adults (aged 18-40 years) and children (aged 6-17 years) living in Olmsted County, Minnesota, to evaluate changes in asthma medications by dose and drug class and site and type of visit (routine vs unscheduled) at the time of changes. All records from all visits were reviewed for each patient to identify asthma-related visits at all sites of care from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2003. RESULTS The study consisted of 397 adults and children. In 255 patients, 597 asthma medication changes occurred. Step-up changes usually occurred because of an exacerbation or loss of control of asthma and adhered to the medication hierarchy in the national asthma guidelines. Twenty step-up changes involved skipping inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) monotherapy and moving directly to combined ICSs plus a long-acting β-agonist (LABA). Lack of documentation of asthma symptom frequency or interference with activities made it impossible to determine whether these "skips" were appropriate. Only 78 physician-directed step-down changes were documented, usually to a lower dose of combined ICSs and LABAs or a move from combined ICSs and LABAs to anti-inflammatory monotherapy. Patients initiated additional step-down changes between encounters. Step-down changes occurred at routine or follow-up asthma visits, but the limited number of such visits provided few opportunities for step-down care. CONCLUSION The continuing episodic-style treatment of asthma aimed at exacerbation management facilitates step-up changes in asthma therapy. The dearth of asthma evaluation visits limited opportunities to step down use of asthma medications and to provide long-term asthma management.