cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordination numbers for unraveling intrinsic size effects in gold-catalyzed CO oxidation

Geometry-based reactivity descriptors, e.g., regular, generalized, and orbitalwise coordination numbers, were used for unraveling intrinsic size effects of Au nanocatalysts towards CO oxidation. For an ensemble of Au nanoparticles with varying sizes and shapes, s-orbital coordination numbers (CNs) linearly correlate with *CO and *O adsorption energies at the on-top and hollow sites, respectively, outperforming their regular (CN) and generalized (C[combining macron]N[combining macron]) counterparts attributed to an explicit consideration of interatomic interactions. To take into account the geometric strain of surface atoms, the embedded-atom method (EAM) potential trained with ab initio energies of the bulk, nanoclusters, and extended surfaces at the GGA-PBE level was used for optimizing the Wulff-shaped, free-standing Au nanoparticles up to 7.2 nm. Microkinetic analysis of CO oxidation on extended {111}, {100}, {211}, and {532} surfaces, along with a facile and accurate prediction of *CO and *O adsorption energies at nanoparticles using the herein developed structure-reactivity relationships, captures experimentally measured activity trends of supported Au nanoparticles of varying sizes on a wide variety of metal oxides and illustrates the importance of under-coordinated atoms and insensitivity of surface strains in Au-catalyzed CO oxidation.
The Celerity Open-Source 511-Core RISC-V Tiered Accelerator Fabric: Fast Architectures and Design Methodologies for Fast Chips

Rapidly emerging workloads require rapidly developed chips. The Celerity 16-nm open-source SoC was implemented in nine months using an architectural trifecta to minimize development time: a general-purpose tier comprised of open-source Linux-capable RISC-V cores, a massively parallel tier comprised of a RISC-V tiled manycore array that can be scaled to arbitrary sizes, and a specialization tier that uses high-level synthesis (HLS) to create an algorithmic neural-network accelerator. These tiers are tied together with an efficient heterogeneous remote store programming model on top of a flexible partial global address space memory system.
Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Heart Transplantation: Insights from the UNOS Database

Purpose In patients with decompensated advanced heart failure (HF), full hemodynamic support can be provided by temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) devices. We describe outcomes with the use of tMCS for bridge to decision (BTD) in decompensated advanced HF patients from a nationwide database. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried to identify patients supported with a tMCS device and had a heart transplant between 2009 and 2017. Those with incomplete data were excluded. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and post-transplant outcomes were analyzed. Results Out of 510 patients, 212 met the inclusion criteria between 2009 and 2017. All were inotrope dependent. Mean ± SD age was 45 ± 17 years. Mean duration of support was 8 days (range, 0-36days). Eighty-two patients (39%) were bridged to HTx with a tMCS, 82 (39%) recovered prior to HTx and had the device explanted, while 48 (22%) bridged with a durable ventricular assist device (VAD). Post-transplant survival at 1-year was comparable in all three groups. [Immediate bridge: 85% vs. Bridge to recovery: 92% vs, Bridge with durable VAD: 87%, p=0.478] Compared to the other two groups, the incidence of post-transplant dialysis was significantly higher in the immediate bridge group (p=0.029). Conclusion Temporary MCS a BTD strategy for patients with advanced HF and acute hemodynamic instability. A higher incidence of post-transplant dialysis is noted among patients who are immediately bridged to transplant. The safety and effectiveness of these devices should be further investigated by prospective studies.
Obesity and understudied minority children: existing challenges and opportunities in epidemiology

Obesity is a major public health concern in the United States and should be addressed as early as possible, in childhood. Disparities exist in obesity prevalence and its associated comorbidities by racial/ethnic group, however less is known about the smaller racial/ethnic subclasses that are often aggregated and assumed to be homogeneously at risk. As the racial and ethnic composition of the US shifts towards greater diversity, it is important that epidemiologic research addresses these new challenges. In this short communication, we focus on Asian American children given that subgroups are historically understudied and emerging evidence among adults suggest heterogeneous associations for both obesity and cardio-metabolic outcomes. Existing limitations in this research area include: (1) identifying the appropriate measurement of adiposity in Asian American children; (2) determining high-risk cutoffs for intervention; and (3) developing strategies to ensure study robustness. Data disaggregation is a necessary approach to understand potentially heterogeneous associations in childhood obesity and cardio-metabolic risk, but epidemiologic investigators must address these challenges. Ultimately, successful strategies could help better identify high risk subgroups, target interventions, and effectively reduce the burden of obesity among American youth.
A descent spectral sequence for arbitrary K(n)-local spectra with explicit e 2-term

Let n be any positive integer and p be any prime. Also, let X be any spectrum and let K(n) denote the nth Morava K-theory spectrum. Then we construct a descent spectral sequence with abutment π∗(LK(n)(X)) and E2-term equal to the continuous cohomology of Gn, the extended Morava stabilizer group, with coefficients in a certain discrete Gn-module that is built from various homotopy fixed point spectra of the Morava module of X. This spectral sequence can be contrasted with the K(n)-local En-Adams spectral sequence for π∗(LK(n)(X)), whose E2-term is not known to always be equal to a continuous cohomology group.
Assessment of Personal Narrative Writing in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Abstract Background Research has demonstrated that writing may be challenging for many children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; Mayes & Calhoun, 2006). In our study, we used linguistic analysis to identify and examine the personal narrative writing skills of children with ASD in comparison to neurotypical (NT) children. Method This study included 22 children with ASD and 22 NT children. Groups did not differ in terms of age, IQ, and language. Writing samples were coded and compared for aspects of microstructure (e.g., lexical and syntactic complexity, errors) and macrostructure (e.g., quality, or ratings of coherence, structure, and content). We also examined the link between theory of mind (ToM) and personal narrative writing. Of interest was whether ToM uniquely predicted writing performance after controlling for diagnostic group, chronological age, and language ability. Results The texts of children with ASD were less syntactically diverse, contained more grammatical errors, and were reduced in overall quality compared to NT children. However, children with ASD did not differ from NT children in terms of lexical complexity, frequency of writing conventions errors, and use of evaluative devices. Overall, ToM uniquely predicted syntactic complexity and text quality in children. Conclusions Study findings showed that children with ASD demonstrate some challenges with personal narrative writing compared to NT children. Additionally, difficulty with narrative writing was linked to poorer ToM performance, particularly in children with ASD. Findings highlight the utility of obtaining a variety of writing outcomes, as well as mechanisms related to writing, when evaluating writing for educational decisions.
Biomedical HIV Prevention among Gay Male Couples: A Qualitative Study of Motivations and Concerns

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are highly efficacious biomedical prevention strategies, which significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Yet, partnered ...
Rapid Pseudo-Static Measurement of Hysteretic Capillary Pressure-Saturation Relationships in Unconsolidated Porous Media

An automated system was developed for a rapid measurement of detailed hysteretic capillary pressure-saturation (Pc-S) relationships, including primary drainage, main imbibition, and scanning loops. The method makes use of a slow-dynamic (pseudo-static) measurement method which is able to duplicate static results while expanding the pressure range over which high permeability capillary barriers can be applied, and increasing the quantity of hysteretic data that can be collected. The method is demonstrated for two sands and three silts for capillary pressures as high as 1000 cm water (98 kPa). For the experiments shown, primary drainage and main imbibition loops were completed within approximately 6.5 h for all materials, with full runs, including multiple scanning curves, completed in less than 20 h. A model for selection of pressure rates needed to duplicate static results is presented and is found to produce results consistent with empirically-determined rates. The model also predicts the effects of system resistance on dynamic response and is found to be in good agreement with experimental results, particularly for slower rates approaching those needed for pseudo-static conditions.
Beyond Avoidance and Passivity: Novel UIs to Make Terms of Service Comprehensible

Terms of Service (ToS) agreements are typically written to satisfy corporate legal requirements rather than user understanding. Users are often deeply dissatisfied with online ToS agreements, which they typically find incomprehensible. Nevertheless, users frequently agree to the ToS, potentially surrendering their data and rights. We therefore designed alternative ways of presenting existing ToS documents using crowdsourced sentiment highlighting, to make documents more readable. This highlighting visualizes different sections of the agreement as positive or negative. We evaluated the visualization, finding that participants recognized highlighted information better, and most participants praised the visualization. We discuss design implications and the next steps for more interactive ToS.
A surface loop modulates activity of the Bacillus class D β-lactamases.

Abstract The expression of β-lactamases is a major mechanism of bacterial resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics. Four molecular classes of β-lactamases have been described (A, B, C and D), however until recently the class D enzymes were thought to exist only in Gram-negative bacteria. In the last few years, class D enzymes have been discovered in several species of Gram-positive microorganisms, such as Bacillus and Clostridia, and an investigation of their kinetic and structural properties has begun in earnest. Interestingly, it was observed that some species of Bacillus produce two distinct class D β-lactamases, one highly active and the other with only basal catalytic activity. Analysis of amino acid sequences of active (BPU-1 from Bacillus pumilus) and inactive (BSU-2 from Bacillus subtilis and BAT-2 from Bacillus atrophaeus) enzymes suggests that presence of three additional amino acid residues in one of the surface loops of inefficient β-lactamases may be responsible for their severely diminished activity. Our structural and docking studies show that the elongated loop of these enzymes severely restricts binding of substrates. Deletion of the three residues from the loops of BSU-2 and BAT-2 β-lactamases relieves the steric hindrance and results in a significant increase in the catalytic activity of the enzymes. These data show that this surface loop plays an important role in modulation of the catalytic activity of Bacillus class D β-lactamases.
A Low Complexity M-QAM Soft De-mapping Method in Alpha Stable Field of Interference

Wireless communication systems employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) are impacted adversely by undesired disturbances that are modeled as the sum of Gaussian noise and co-channel interference generated by randomly dispersed interferers surrounding the victim receiver. Due to the lack of a closed-form probability density function (PDF) for the aggregate interference modeled by Symmetric-Alpha-stable distribution, optimal computation of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for symbol de-mapping becomes too complex. We propose a low-complexity soft de-mapping method for M-ary QAM by using an alternative parametric solution for the interference PDF. After estimation of appropriate parameters, the closed form of the alternative solution is used to arrive at a simple approximation of the LLR values. We show that the performance of the reduced-complexity method stays close to the one achieved by using the exact PDF. The robustness of the proposed method is also investigated.
Hypothesis: The electrical properties of coronavirus

To help investigate the relationship between inflammatory and other symptoms of coronavirus and the protein-protein interactions (PPI) that occur between viral proteins and protein molecules of the host cell, I propose that the electrostatic discharge (ESD) exists including corona discharge to lead to ozone gas. I cite evidence in support of this hypothesis. I hope that the proposed will inspire new studies in finding effective treatments and vaccines for individuals with coronavirus disease in 2019. I suggest possible future studies that may lend more credibility to the proposed.
Augmenting the Clinical Data Sources for Enigmatic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Tracking Data and Clinical Documentation in Endometriosis.

Background Self-tracking through mobile health technology can augment the electronic health record (EHR) as an additional data source by providing direct patient input. This can be particularly useful in the context of enigmatic diseases and further promote patient engagement. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the additional information that can be gained through direct patient input on poorly understood diseases, beyond what is already documented in the EHR. Methods This was an observational study including two samples with a clinically confirmed endometriosis diagnosis. We analyzed data from 6,925 women with endometriosis using a research app for tracking endometriosis to assess prevalence of self-reported pain problems, between- and within-person variability in pain over time, endometriosis-affected tasks of daily function, and self-management strategies. We analyzed data from 4,389 patients identified through a large metropolitan hospital EHR to compare pain problems with the self-tracking app and to identify unique data elements that can be contributed via patient self-tracking. Results Pelvic pain was the most prevalent problem in the self-tracking sample (57.3%), followed by gastrointestinal-related (55.9%) and lower back (49.2%) pain. Unique problems that were captured by self-tracking included pain in ovaries (43.7%) and uterus (37.2%). Pain experience was highly variable both across and within participants over time. Within-person variation accounted for 58% of the total variance in pain scores, and was large in magnitude, based on the ratio of within- to between-person variability (0.92) and the intraclass correlation (0.42). Work was the most affected daily function task (49%), and there was significant within- and between-person variability in self-management effectiveness. Prevalence rates in the EHR were significantly lower, with abdominal pain being the most prevalent (36.5%). Conclusion For enigmatic diseases, patient self-tracking as an additional data source complementary to EHR can enable learning from the patient to more accurately and comprehensively evaluate patient health history and status.
Cilia-independent requirements for Ccdc103 promoting proliferation and migration of myeloid cells

Abstract The pathology of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is predominantly attributed to impairment of motile cilia. However, PCD patients also have perplexing functional defects in myeloid cells, which lack motile cilia. Here, we show Coiled-coiled domain containing protein 103 (CCDC103), mutations in which underlie PCD, is required for the proliferation and directed migration of myeloid cells. CCDC103 co-localizes with cytoplasmic microtubules in human myeloid cells. Zebrafish ccdc103/schmalhans (smh) mutants have reduced macrophage and neutrophil proliferation, rounded cell morphology, and an inability to migrate efficiently to the site of sterile wounds. Furthermore, we demonstrate that direct interactions between CCDC103 and Sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6), which also promotes microtubule stability, are abrogated by CCDC103 mutations from PCD patients, and that spag6 zebrafish mutants recapitulate the myeloid defects of smh mutants. In summary, we have illuminated a mechanism, independent of motile cilia, to explain functional defects in myeloid cells from PCD patients. Summary Statement We show Ccdc103 regulates myeloid migration and proliferation independent of cilia in zebrafish and that mutations in CCDC103 that cause primary ciliary dyskinesia abrogate interactions with the microtubule-stabilizing protein SPAG6.
Judicial Architecture and Capacity

This chapter (forthcoming in the Oxford Handbook on the Indian Constitution) is an introduction to the Indian court system and is written to be of interest to both those learning about the Indian judicial system for the first time as well as experts seeking a more nuanced overview. It describes the architecture of the Indian judiciary – in other words, the different types of courts and judges in the Indian judicial system and the hierarchies and relations between them. In particular, it focuses on how the Indian judiciary coordinates its behavior through both a system of stare decisis (i.e. judicial precedent) and internal administrative control. This article argues that the Indian judiciary is unusually top-heavy, with more cases, more judges, and more administrative power located in the upper judiciary, and especially the Supreme Court, than in most other systems. This top-heaviness has a range of implications that the article explores – including leading to a more polyvocal jurisprudence and a unique set of inter-judge relations – that while empowering the upper judiciary may also weaken the court system's overall ability to perform core parts of its institutional mandate.
The Financial Consequences of Export-led Growth in Germany and Italy

This paper explains the extent to which the export-led growth strategies deployed in Germany and Italy turn out to be self-defeating. The problem lies in the impact of those strategies on the banki...
Analysis, Design, and Comparison of V2V Chargers for Flexible Grid Integration

This study proposes a flexible, compact, efficient, and cost effective electric vehicle-to-electric vehicle charge sharing solution that will lead to faster and wider customer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as an alternative to current grid-to-vehicle charging methodologies. The energy will be transferred between EVs using a bidirectional dc–dc converter in a conductive way, which can take place at parking lots of workplaces, campuses, or residential premises and highways. The proposed design provides compact infrastructure, wide input and output voltage ranges with bidirectional buck–boost operation, and fast power transfer compared to Level 2 charging stations. A complete design comparison between Si and SiC based converters has been carried out based on the available power modules and magnetic cores. The comparison demonstrates the effect of switching frequency and switch selection on the size of passive components, the converter efficiency, and the power density of the converter. The developed study evaluated three different bidirectional dc–dc converter topologies and validated the developed prototype with experimental results.
Novel Risk Model Predicting High-Risk Coronary Artery Disease: Let Common Sense Prevail in Medical Decision Making

Within the wider context of health care delivery sciences, the focus on medical decision making is a fairly recent occurrence. Dr. Lee Lusted [(1)][1], a pioneer in medical decision analytics, published the first major article emphasizing this theme in 1971. A few years later, New England Journal of
Role of human selenium-binding protein 56 (hSP56) in selenium’s growth inhibitory action on human prostate cancer cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 1394 Low levels of dietary selenium are associated with increased cancer risk, and selenium compounds have been shown to exhibit a chemopreventive effect for malignancies of several organs, including the prostate. Recently, it was reported that treatment with selenomethionine caused G1 arrest and 80% reduction in the S phase of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, while no such effect was detected on another human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3 (Venkateswaran, V., L.H. Klotz, and N.E. Fleshner Cancer Research, 2002. 62:540). Interestedly, we had shown previously that the human selenium-binding protein gene hSP56, the human homologue of a rodent gene implicated in chemoresistance, is highly expressed in androgen-responsive LNCaP cells but not in androgen-nonresponsive PC-3 cells. This expression in LNCaP cells is reversibly down-regulated by androgen in vitro (Yang, M. and A. J. Sytkowski, Cancer Research, 1998. 58:3150,). Taken together, these data suggest that selenium modulation of prostate cancer cell growth may be mediated, at least in part, by hSP56. To test this hypothesis, we down-regulated the expression of hSP56 in LNCaP cells with siRNA and stably over-expressed it in PC-3 cells using a mammalian expression vector. The cells were then incubated in the absence or presence of selenium (seleno-DL-methionine, 50 μM) for 24, 48, or 72 h. Cell counts were performed in triplicates using a hemacytometer, with trypan blue exclusion to identify viable cells, and growth curves were generated for each cell line. Proliferation of LNCaP cells with down-regulated hSP56 after 48 h of selenium treatment was increased significantly over that of control LNCaP cells, indicating that selenium’s anti-proliferative effect was diminished as hSP56 expression was reduced. Conversely, the growth of PC-3 cells with up-regulated hSP56 was decreased substantially or inhibited virtually completely relative to control PC-3 cells after selenium treatment, indicating the selenium’s anti-proliferative effect was increased by up-regulating hSP56 expression. These data strongly suggest that hSP56 may mediate part or all selenium’s anti-proliferative action on these prostate cancer cells. Increasing hSP56 expression at the clinical level may prove effective in reducing the growth of prostate and other forms of cancer.
Variation in the performance of cross-contextual displays suggests selection on dual-male phenotypes in a lekking bird

Complex displays play an important role in female mate choice and male–male interactions for many species. Displays used in both inter- and intrasexual interactions offer an opportunity to examine how the ordering and structure of complex displays may vary with context. To understand how social context can influence the performance of complex displays, we investigated the predictability of display elements across displays in the presence and absence of females. The lance-tailed manakin, Chiroxiphia lanceolata , is a small lekking bird that performs complex, acrobatic displays. Pairs of alpha and beta males cooperatively display for females, but they also perform very similar displays in the absence of females. We quantified the performance of individual alpha and beta males within the dual-male display and the joint performance of the two males using Shannon's information entropy, and compared these values to understand how male display predictability varies with social context. Differences were assessed using generalized linear mixed models to account for repeated measures of male pairs. Predictability of individual performance within the dual-male interaction did not differ with female presence; however, entropy metrics describing the interaction of the alpha and beta male indicated that displays for females were more predictable and coordinated. This study provides a quantitative assessment of display element performance across different social contexts of female presence and absence, and suggests that the dual-male phenotype may be an important factor in female mate choice for cooperatively displaying species.
Malignant : medical ethicists confront cancer

1 Crash Course 1 Rebecca Dresser 2 Diagnostic Quests and Accidents 21 Norman Fost 3 Learning the Bad News 39 John A. Robertson 4 Coping with Uncertainty 61 Dan W. Brock 5 Autonomy and Persuasion 80 Rebecca Dresser 6 Volunteering for Research 99 Rebecca Dresser 7 Resilience and the Art of Living in Remission 122 Patricia A. Marshall 8 The Allure of Questionable-Benefit Treatment 147 Dan W. Brock 9 Cancer Stereotypes 169 Rebecca Dresser and Norman Fost 10 Caregivers, Patients, and Clinicians 192 John A. Robertson 11 Cancer Interactions: Caring Well and Caring Badly 217 Rebecca Dresser and Patricia A. Marshall 12 Support, Advocacy, and the Selves of People with Cancer 236 Arthur W. Frank 13 Cancer and Mortality: Making Time Count 255 Leon R. Kass 14 Survivorship: In Every Expression a Crack 278 Arthur W. Frank 15 Last Words 301 Rebecca Dresser
When Police Intervene: Race, Gender, and Discipline of Black Male Students at an Urban High School

Courtney and Dennis, two African American male students at McDowell High, were arrested at school for throwing water balloons during senior prank week. The principal assigned two police officers to...
Improved measurement of turbulent intensities by use of photon correlation

Introduction M of turbulent intensities exceeding 30% are now realizable using a laser velocimeter and frequency shifting device such as a Bragg cell. In addition, by using the photon correlation processing scheme, the turbulent measurements can be made in complex flowfields with recirculation regions. The photon correcting techniques offer improved sensitivity compared to frequency counter and tracker processes by permitting velocity measurements to be made even when insufficient signal photons are available to define the classical scattering signal. Naturally occurring contaminant particles are used as scatterers with no artificial seeding introduced. One of the primary disadvantages of the photon correlation scheme is that all of the turbulent information must be obtained from the autocorrelation function of the fluctuating velocity field. In fact, the location and relative amplitude of the first several maxima and minima are necessary to determine the local mean velocity and the local turbulent intensity. If the autocorrelation function is skewed or distorted for any of several often occurring reasons, the credibility of the data obtained is then open to challenge. The purpose of this Note is to describe one approach to improving the accuracy of the turbulent information obtained from the autocorrelation function. Polynomial curve fitting and then averaging is used to eliminate the function distortion.
The evolution of placentas and superfetation in the fish genus Poecilia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: subgenera Micropoecilia and Acanthophacelus)

Complex adaptations are often found in nature, although our ability to discern how and why such traits evolved is limited because their origin occurred in the distant past and the details of their evolution have been lost through extinction (e.g. all placental mammals inherited their placentas from a single common ancestor that lived over 100 Mya). In poeciliid fishes, placentas have evolved independently multiple times and portions of the path to the evolution of complexity can be found in living species. In the present study, we describe the life histories of six species within the genus Poecilia that includes the subgenera Micropoecilia and Acanthophacelus (the guppy; Poecilia reticulata). We demonstrate that extensive placentotrophy and superfetation, the ability to simultaneously carry more than one developing brood, have evolved within this clade. These fish represent the third clade in which we have discovered the independent origin of a placenta that also includes close relatives that lack a placenta. We discuss possible adaptive advantages of the joint evolution of extensive placentation and superfetation in these fishes. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 99, 784–796.
Aluminum nanocomposites for elevated temperature applications

Aluminum casting alloys conventionally used in the automotive and aerospace industries (i.e., Al-Zn-Mg, and Al-Cu-Mg systems) are able to achieve excellent tensile strength at room temperature. At high temperatures, such alloys lose dimensional stability and their mechanical properties rapidly degrade. Aluminum-based nanocomposites show the potential for enhanced performance at high temperatures. The manufacturing process, however, is difficult; a viable and effective method for large-scale applications has not been developed. In the current study, an innovative and cost-effective approach has been adopted to manufacture Al/AlN composites. A nitrogen-bearing gas is injected into the melt and AlN particles synthesize in-situ via chemical reaction. In a preliminary stage, a model able to predict the amount of reinforcement formed has been developed. AlN dispersoids have been succesfully synthesized in the matrix and the model has been experimentally validated.
Cost effective Wafer Level Chip Size Package technology and application to the next generation automotive radar

Cost effective 77GHz transmitter and receiver MMIC's, that use a three-dimensional MMIC technology optimized for flip-chip implementation, are presented. The MMIC structure incorporates inverse TFMS lines so that a ground metal can be applied to cover the whole chip surface except for interconnect pads. Four metal layers including the ground metal are formed between and the top surface of polyimide layers each of which is SiN coated for humidity proof. Hence, these MMIC chips require no package, as well as can be directly assembled on printed circuit board. The transmitter MMIC is composed of an x8 multiplier chain (9.5GHz/38GHz MLT, 38GHz AMP, and 38GHz/76GHz MLT), and a driver+power amplifier. A saturated output power of 14dBm has been obtained between 76 and 77GHz from this transmitter MMIC. A portion of the 38GHz amplifier output is split for the receiver mixer. The receiver MMIC is composed of multi LNA+MIX blocks and a common x2 multiplier block that provides a 10dBm of LO power. A receiver gain of 10dB and a noise figure of 7.8dB for a baseband frequency at 10MHz were obtained. The die size of the transmitter is 1.5mm × 2.0mm and the chip area of the receiver is 1.9mm × 1.3mm.
Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Lung Transplantation Is More Commonly of Host Origin

Abstract Context.—Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation is thought to be mostly of host (ie, transplant recipient) origin, as opposed to being predominantly of donor origin, which is observed in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation. Donor-origin PTLDs reportedly follow a more indolent course than host-origin PTLDs. Objective.—To determine the origin of PTLD and its clinical implications in patients who have undergone lung transplantation. Design.—Patients' medical records were reviewed for clinical data. We performed a molecular study to determine the origin of abnormal lymphoid cells in 4 PTLD cases identified from our autopsy files. Each case underwent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using polymerase chain reaction–based genotyping for CYP2D6. Epstein-Barr virus (latent membrane protein 1) immunostaining and polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed on PTLD-involved tissues. Results....
Locomotion by Epiactis prolifera (Coelenterata: Actiniaria)

Overlay maps were used to study locomotion by the externally brooding actinian Epiactis prolifera Verrill, 1869, in the rocky intertidal zone near Bodega Bay, California, USA. A greater proportion of non-brooding individuals moved than did brooding ones. Although brooding anemones that moved traveled twice as rapidly as non-brooders that moved, brooders were generally larger, and the relative rate of travel of the two groups was identical. The net distance traveled by all the anemones was only 36.0% of the gross, and most of the movement appeared to be undirected.
Magnetic resonance imaging confirmation of resolution of periodontoid pannus formation following C1/C2 posterior transarticular screw fixation

Chronic odontoid fractures are considered unstable spinal lesions. Chronic instability in this region leads to the development of an inflammatory pannus, which can progress resulting in spinal cord compression radiographically and a myelopathy syndrome clinically. In this report we document three cases of reversal of pannus after C1/C2 transarticular screw fixation of an unstable odontoid fracture. Three patients were identified with chronic odontoid fractures and spinal cord compression due to periodontoid pannus formation. All patients presented with a progressive myelopathy syndrome. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the craniovertebral junction. C1/C2 transarticular screw fixation was performed for stabilization of C1/C2. Postoperatively there were no complications. Postoperative MRI at 6 months demonstrated resolution of the ventral pannus. Moreover, all patients exhibited improvement of preoperative neurological deficits. MRI is the imaging technique of choice for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic odontoid fractures and ventral pannus. C1/C2 transarticular screw fixation provides a viable method for spinal stabilization in this region. In addition, stabilization can result in resolution of inflammatory pannus formation secondary to instability of the C1/C2 articulation.
Propagation Effects Due to Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction Within a Thin Medium

Abstract External self-focusing and optical interference phenomena can appear in the transmitted field when a laser beam or pulse interacts with a thin nonlinear medium, and these effects have been investigated for different types of nonlinearity. Physical regimes have been considered where both nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption play important roles. Strong modulations in the transmitted irradiance can occur in principle when the incident-beam power is allowed to vary. This type of modulation does not generally die away as the power increases, moreover its amplitude and period will be markedly changed if the nonlinear absorption coefficient is allowed to increase. It is also shown that the shape of the incident transverse-beam profile strongly affects the nonlinear aberrations and interference effects, with implications for such applications as optical power limiting and transverse optical bistability.
Maxim D. Frank-Kamenetskii: Diamond Jubilee of A Brilliant Scientist.

Long-time friend, colleague and disciple of Maxim D. Frank-Kameneskii, Dr. Vadim V. Demidov, writes on Maxim on Maxim's 60th birthday. JBSD and Adenine Press join these congratulations and wish the...
The Extent of Separation: Applications to Elution Chromatography

Abstract The fundamental equations for calculating the extent of separation in binary elution chromatographic systems are derived. At a specific instant of time, the elution curve in such systems is characterized by two quantities: the optimum cut-point location and the optimum extent of separation. Equations relating the optimum extent of separation to the resolution and to the extent of separation for a single equilibrium stage are given. A number of figures obtained from computer examples illustrate the use of the theoretical results, A new type of component detector—a mobile detector—is proposed.
Particle behavior of nanocrystalline 316-stainless steel during high velocity oxy-fuel thermal spray

Abstract The present paper investigates the particle behavior of nanocrystalline 316-stainless steel powders during high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray. The feedstock powders were synthesized by mechanical milling to produce flake-shaped agglomerates with an average grain size of less than 50 nm. The powders were then introduced into the HVOF spray to produce a nanocrystalline coating. A mathematical model is developed to study the variation of different agglomerate sizes resulting from the mechanical milling process on the particle behavior during thermal spraying. A generalized Newtonian equation describing the momentum transfer was used, which incorporates a geometric ratio to account for the size and morphological variations of the micron-sized agglomerates with nano-grained structure. Particle velocity from the numerical calculations indicated that the velocity profile depends strongly on the thickness of the particles, which is a function of milling time and milling media.
Naturalization of plant populations: the role of cultivation and population size and density

Field experimentation is required to assess the effects of environmental stochasticity on small immigrant plant populations—a widely understood but largely unexplored aspect of predicting any species’ likelihood of naturalization and potential invasion. Cultivation can mitigate this stochasticity, although the outcome for a population under cultivation nevertheless varies enormously from extinction to persistence. Using factorial experiments, we investigated the effects of population size, density, and cultivation (irrigation) on the fate of founder populations for four alien species with different life history characteristics (Echinochloa frumentacea, Fagopyrum esculentum, Helianthus annuus, and Trifolium incarnatum) in eastern Washington, USA. The fate of founder populations was highly variable within and among the 3 years of experimentation and illustrates the often precarious environment encountered by plant immigrants. Larger founder populations produced more seeds (P 1, differed among years and species. Sowing density did not affect the likelihood of establishment for any species. Our results underscore the importance of environmental stochasticity in determining the fate of founder populations and the potential of cultivation and large population size in countering the long odds against naturalization. Any implementation of often proposed post-immigration field trials to assess the risk of an alien species becoming naturalized, a requisite step toward invasion, will need to assess different sizes of founder populations and the extent and character of cultivation (intentional or unintentional) that the immigrants might receive.
Natural philosophy and developmental systems

Natural philosophy is being revived by way of grounding it in thermodynamics and information theory. This discourse systematizes information from all the sciences so that every field of knowledge of nature supports every other as parts of a concept of general evolution. The point is to construct an intelligible picture of the world. Change in material systems involves both development and evolution. General evolution is primarily developmental, and the specification hierarchy of integrative levels can be used to model it. In this hierarchy, biology is seen as a kind of material system, and social phenomena as kinds of biological systems. This pattern implies there was a tendency toward psychology on the earth. This scheme is biased by having been produced by psychological, social, biological beings, integrating humans with the rest of nature, and so it embodies valuation. Natural philosophy welcomes values in its constructions. There has never been a culture without an origination myth; general evolution, as constructed within natural philosophy, differs by referring to its own genesis within a picture of the genesis of the world. Copyright © 2001 International Society for the Systems Sciences.
Cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase and the B subunit of the chloroplast enzyme are present in the pea leaf nucleus.

Immunolocalization experiments indicate that both the subunit B of the NADP-linked chloroplastic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.13) and the NAD-linked cytosolic enzyme (EC 1.2.1.12) are present in the pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf nucleus. Subunit A of the NADP-linked enzyme appears to be restricted to the chloroplast.
Toward an integration of cognitive and genetic models of risk for depression

There is growing interest in integrating cognitive and genetic models of depression risk. We review two ways in which these models can be meaningfully integrated. First, information-processing biases may represent intermediate phenotypes for specific genetic influences. These genetic influences may represent main effects on specific cognitive processes or may moderate the impact of environmental influences on information-processing biases. Second, cognitive and genetic influences may combine to increase reactivity to environmental stressors, increasing risk for depression in a gene×cognition×environment model of risk. There is now growing support for both of these ways of integrating cognitive and genetic models of depression risk. Specifically, there is support for genetic influences on information-processing biases, particularly the link between 5-HTTLPR and attentional biases, from both genetic association and gene×environment (G×E) studies. There is also initial support for gene×cognition×environment models of risk in which specific genetic influences contribute to increased reactivity to environmental influences. We review this research and discuss important areas of future research, particularly the need for larger samples that allow for a broader examination of genetic and epigenetic influences as well as the combined influence of variability across a number of genes.
Identification and characterization of amlexanox as a g protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 inhibitor.

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) have been implicated in human diseases ranging from heart failure to diabetes. Previous studies have identified several compounds that selectively inhibit GRK2, such as paroxetine and balanol. Far fewer selective inhibitors have been reported for GRK5, a target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy, and the mechanism of action of reported compounds is unknown. To identify novel scaffolds that selectively inhibit GRK5, a differential scanning fluorometry screen was used to probe a library of 4480 compounds. The best hit was amlexanox, an FDA-approved anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic immunomodulator. The crystal structure of amlexanox in complex with GRK1 demonstrates that its tricyclic aromatic ring system forms ATP-like interactions with the hinge of the kinase domain, which is likely similar to how this drug binds to IκB kinase e (IKKe), another kinase known to be inhibited by this compound. Amlexanox was also able to inhibit myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcriptional activity in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in a manner consistent with GRK5 inhibition. The GRK1 amlexanox structure thus serves as a springboard for the rational design of inhibitors with improved potency and selectivity for GRK5 and IKKe.
Microstructural, electrical, and mechanical characterization of Bi2Cu0.1V0.9O5.35 (BICUVOX) ceramics fabricated from co-precipitated precursor powders

Copper-doped bismuth vanadate (Bi2Cu0.1V0.9O5.35, BICUVOX) was synthesized by a co-precipitation process which resulted in a homogenous, fine-grained powder with an average particle size of ~0.45 μm. The consolidated BICUVOX powder was sintered at temperatures between 625 and 800 °C for 0–8 h in air. The correlation between the thermal processing schedule and the final microstructure were completed for all conditions through stereological analysis of the resultant cross-sectional scanning electron microscope images. From this work, the sintering schedule of 675 °C for 1 h resulted in acquiring a BICUVOX ceramic microstructure that displayed ~97 % relative density with an average grain size of ~1.29 μm. This processing condition was ~75–125 °C lower than typical sintering temperatures for the same density, and resulted in a final grain size that is ~5–10 μm smaller in size. The four-point conductivity testing of the BICUVOX ceramics in air showed values of ~0.003–0.007 and ~0.07–0.12 S/m at 300 °C and 500 °C, respectively, depending upon the thermal processing schedule. The average flexure strength of the same BICUVOX membrane was measured using a ring-on-ring configuration, and this measurement showed flexural strengths as high as 159.3 MPa. This strength is ~92 % greater than previously reported values for BICUVOX membranes.
Examination of indigenous microbiota and survival of Escherichia coli 0157 and Salmonella in a paper milling environment.

Aims: A public beach was frequently cited for health advisories because of high Escherichia coli levels, the source suspected to be a paper mill located upstream. This investigation sought to confirm whether or not the paper mill was the pollution source, and to characterize the risk to recreational bathers imposed by the source. Methods and Results: Quantification of E. coli in river water collected at incremental distances showed that paper mill effluent caused elevated E. coli levels in beach samples. Samples collected throughout the mill were variably positive for heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and E. coli, but negative for pathogenic E. coli O157 and Salmonella. Escherichia coli O157 or Salmonella spiked into mill samples (4·2 log10 or 5·6 log10 CFU per 100 ml, respectively) fell below detection levels within 14–24 h in raw (unaltered) samples, while in heat-sterilized replicates, the counts remained at initial levels or increased over 36 h. Conclusions: Pathogenic E. coli O157 and Salmonella were not isolated from paper mill samples. The absence of native bacteria allowed the survival of pathogens, while their presence accelerated pathogen decline. Significance and Impact of the Study: The co-existence of paper mill and swimming beach may be reasonable for now in spite of the limitations of an E. coli-based assay for beach water.
TERRACES OF THE SANTA ANA CANYON

Landscape sculpturing processes in Southern California are much slower than previously believed. Pedogenetic techniques identified riverine terraces of the Santa Ana Canyon spatially and chronologically. The investigation developed time relationships primarily on the basis of clay development within the solum. The developed terrace dates are 22,700 YBP, 43,800 YBP, and 63,300 YBP. These correspond to dates derived from Gulf of Mexico cores, morainal lobes in Illinois, and glacial tills in California.