cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angiographic power 3-dimensional quantitative analysis in gynecologic solid tumors: feasibility and reproducibility.

OBJECTIVE To determine the reproducibility of a simplified method of power Doppler 3-dimensional (3D) sonographic examination. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with solid pelvic masses underwent transvaginal 3D power Doppler evaluation. The volume of interest was obtained by drawing the margins of the largest section of the mass in the 3 orthogonal planes. The 3D vascular parameters ("relative color," "average color," and "flow measure") obtained by our method were compared with those calculated by a manufacturer-suggested model based on several parallel section planes drawn on the longitudinal frames. The intraobserver variability was quantified on 5 different 3D images acquired by the same operator at 5-minute intervals for each patient. The intraobserver variability was also assayed in 10 patients at 24-hour intervals. Ten patients were scanned by a second sonographer for interobserver variability. RESULTS There was high agreement between the 3D parameters obtained with the 2 methods. The 3D indices were similar in repeated observations at 5-minute intervals (median coefficients of variation for relative color, average color, and flow measure, 10.9, 4.5, and 13.0, respectively) and at 24-hour intervals (intraclass correlation coefficients for relative color, average color, and flow measure, 0.920, 0.978, and 0.978) and by the second sonographer (interclass correlation coefficients for relative color, average color, and flow measure, 0.978, 0.966, and 0.997). CONCLUSIONS The acceptable rates of intraobserver and interobserver variability make this approach potentially suitable for research protocols.
Clinical Measurement of Sit-to-Stand Performance in People With Balance Disorders: Validity of Data for the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test

Background and Purpose. People with balance disorders are characterized as having difficulty with transitional movements, such as the sit-to-stand movement. A valid and feasible tool is needed to help clinicians quantify the ability of people with balance disorders to perform transitional movements. The purpose of this study was to describe the concurrent and discriminative validity of data obtained with the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST). The FTSST was compared with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). Subjects and Methods. Eighty-one subjects without balance disorders and 93 subjects with balance disorders were recruited for the study. Each subject was asked to stand from a 43-cm-high chair 5 times as quickly as possible. The ABC and DGI scores were recorded. Results. Subjects with balance disorders performed the FTSST more slowly than subjects without balance disorders. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that the FTSST correctly identified 65% of subjects with balance dysfunction, the ABC identified 80%, and the DGI identified 78%. The ability of the FTSST to identify subjects with balance dysfunction was better for subjects younger than 60 years of age (81%). Discussion and Conclusion. The FTSST displays discriminative and concurrent validity properties that make this test potentially useful in clinical decision making, although overall the ABC and the DGI are better than the FTSST at discriminating between subjects with and subjects without balance disorders.
A Review of the Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Active Surveillance System

In response to concern about smallpox possibly being used as a biological weapon, the President of the United States launched the National Smallpox Pre-Event Vaccination Program on 13 December 2002. Given safety concerns, identifying potentially serious adverse events (SAEs) was an essential tool of the program. To monitor for SAEs, both enhanced passive surveillance and active surveillance systems were used. The enhanced passive system was built, in part, on the existing Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; the active system was implemented 24 January 2003. During January 2003-May 2005, the active system detected only 1 SAE in addition to those reported through the enhanced passive system. Furthermore, the active system was not universally used by states. With the enhancements to passive surveillance, the performance of enhanced passive surveillance was comparable to that of active surveillance. However, an active surveillance system may be important when there is no enhanced passive surveillance system available.
Hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human squamous cell carcinomas using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker

Hypoxia in human tumors is associated with poor prognosis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. One possibility is that hypoxia is linked to malignant progression through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction and the associated angiogenesis and metastasis. The present clinical study measures hypoxia and VEGF expression on a cell-by-cell basis in human squamous cell carcinomas to test the hypothesis that hypoxia and VEGF protein expression are coupled in human tumors. Eighteen patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and head and neck have been investigated by a quantitative image analysis of immunostained sections from their tumors. The hypoxia marker pimonidazole was used to measure tumor hypoxia, and a commercially available antibody was used to measure VEGF protein expression. A quantitative immunohistochemical comparison of hypoxia and VEGF protein expression revealed no correlation between the two factors.
Discordance of T‐cell receptor β‐chain genes in familial multiple sclerosis

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene were studied in DNA obtained from 96 individuals from 14 multiplex families with multiple sclerosis (MS). Thirty-four family members had definite MS and two had probable MS. Five normal family members had abnormal findings on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Linkage analysis was performed using the BglII and the KpnI polymorphisms. With penetrance values from 0.1 to 0.7, and altering the scoring of the normal individuals with abnormal findings on MRI scans from "unknown" to "affected," log of the odds scores between -4.59 to -12.76 were found for the autosomal dominant model. For the autosomal recessive model with a penetrance range from 0.1 to 1.0, the LOD scores ranged from -8.20 to -32.98. These findings do not support a direct role of T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in the inheritance of MS.
ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN RAT BRAIN AND LIVER

— A significant level of alcohol dehydrogenase activity has been demonstrated in the soluble fraction of rat brain. The pH optimum, kinetic properties and response to inhibitors are similar to those of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The nutritional state of the animal, such as that associated with feeding or fasting, appeared to have no effect on the levels of the alcohol dehydrogenase activities in either liver or brain. A cerebral mechanism for the metabolism of ethanol may be involved in local biochemical adjustments in tissues during exposure to alcohol and may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the neural disorders which can accompany chronic alcohol ingestion or acute withdrawal.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Cells, Sera, and Soluble Factors

The information base on primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has dramatically improved during the past several years. Until 1985, PBC was known primarily as an idiopathic autoim­ mune disease mainly of female patients with antibodies di­ rected against mitochondria.' The autoantibodies to mito­ chondria were poorly defined, were considered relatively nonspecific, and were associated with false-positive results. In addition, the nature of the mitochondrial autoantigens was unknown. Furthermore, a lengthy, clumsy, and confusing mitochondrial autoantigen nomenclature had been pro­ posed.' The situation dramatically changed when a comple­ mentary DNA that expressed the major mitochondrial autoantigen of PBC was cloned, sequenced, and ultimately identified as the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.i-' Shortly thereafter, the mitochondrial auto-anti­ gens were identified as components of the 2-oxo-acid dehy­ drogenase complex; these features have been reviewed and discussed in detail elsewhere.' This discovery alleviated much of the confusion about the nomenclature of the mito­ chondrial autoantigens. PBC is now one of the few autoim­ mune diseases in which the major autoantigens have been identified and sequenced. Additionally, reactive peptides and clones that encompass the major epitopes have been defined. Nonetheless, despite these serologic advances, ma­ jor gaps in our knowledge remain. Many of the gaps in our understanding of the natural history and pathogenesis of PBC revolve around certain paradoxes of the disease. First, it is virtually the only auto­ immune disease that has never been reported in childhood. Second, PBC increases in frequency with advancing age, and it can be found in otherwise asymptomatic elderly persons. Third, although associations with the major histocompatibil­ ity complex have been described, the genetic basis of PBC and the association of genetics and environment remain un­ known. Fourth, some patients with histologically proven PBC do not have mitochondrial autoantibodies. Addition­ ally, in PBC as in other autoimmune diseases, the auto­ antigen is found in every cell in the body; other diseases are tissue-specific conditions targeted to the biliary ductule epi­ thelium. Finally, one should remember the importance of
Speech recognition with localized time-frequency pattern detectors

A method for acoustic modeling of speech is presented which is based on learning and detecting the occurrence of localized time-frequency patterns in a spectrogram. A boosting algorithm is applied to both build classifiers and perform feature selection from a large set of features derived by filtering spectrograms. Initial experiments are performed to discriminate digits in the Aurora database. The system succeeds in learning sequences of localized time-frequency patterns which are highly interpretable from an acoustic-phonetic viewpoint. While the work and the results are preliminary, they suggest that pursuing these techniques further could lead to new approaches to acoustic modeling for ASR which are more noise robust and offer better encoding of temporal dynamics than typical features such as frame-based cepstra.
Reaching consensus on a binary state by exchanging binary actions

In this paper, we study the problem of distributed hypothesis testing in cooperative networks of agents. All agents are trying to reach consensus on the state of nature by their private signals and the binary actions of their neighbors. This is a challenging problem because the exchanged information of the agents is highly compressed. We propose a gossip-type method where every agent's decision converges in probability to the optimal decision held by a fictitious fusion center. We prove the asymptotical property of the proposed method and provide simulation results that demonstrate the communication cost and convergence time of the method.
Multi-Carrier CDMA-Interconnect for Inter- and Intra-ULSI Communications

In ultra large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits conventional approaches of hard-wired metal interconnects are encountering fundamental limits. In order to get beyond this problem different revolutionary interconnect approaches have been explored. One of the most feasible approaches is RF/wireless interconnects, which are based on low-loss and dispersion-free microwave signal transmissions, near-field capacitive coupling and modern multiple-access technologies like code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency domain multiple access (FDMA), time domain multiple access (TDMA) etc. In this paper the prospects of multi-carrier CDMA interconnect approach has been investigated for inter- and intra-ULSI communications. Additionally, energy-efficient channel coding schemes for multi-carrier CDMA interconnect is demonstrated. It is observed that the introduction of channel coding scheme provides performance improvement as compared to uncoded multi-carrier CDMA-interconnect. These hybrid approaches have the potential to enable next- generation computing and processing systems.
Simulation of the Protein-Shedding Kinetics of a Fully Vascularized Tumor

Circulating biomarkers are of significant interest for cancer detection and treatment personalization. However, the biophysical processes that determine how proteins are shed from cancer cells or their microenvironment, diffuse through tissue, enter blood vasculature, and persist in circulation remain poorly understood. Since approaches primarily focused on experimental evaluation are incapable of measuring the shedding and persistence for every possible marker candidate, we propose an interdisciplinary computational/experimental approach that includes computational modeling of tumor tissue heterogeneity. The model implements protein production, transport, and shedding based on tumor vascularization, cell proliferation, hypoxia, and necrosis, thus quantitatively relating the tumor and circulating proteomes. The results highlight the dynamics of shedding as a function of protein diffusivity and production. Linking the simulated tumor parameters to clinical tumor and vascularization measurements could potentially enable this approach to reveal the tumor-specific conditions based on the protein detected in circulation and thus help to more accurately manage cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Numerical modeling of 3D printed electric machines

Additive manufacturing is opening up new ground for innovations in low-volume production due to faster and cheaper prototyping, reduced lead times, and shorter supply chains. As a result, 3D metal printing may present opportunities for electric machine manufacturing. Also, the interest in the research community in determining the quality, reliability, and performance of 3D printed machines is growing dramatically. This paper analyzes the mechanical performance and reliability of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine, that uses the additive manufacturing process of 3D printed metal.
Oviduct response to estrogen and progesterone in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria).

Summary1. Adolescent female ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) were injected with progesterone, estrogen or a combination of the two. Progesterone did not increase oviduct weights over the controls. Estrogen caused moderate increase, while the maximum increase was caused by synergism between estrogen and progesterone. 2. Eight-day priming with estrogen, followed by 2-day treatment with the estrogen-progesterone combination, caused oviduct growth as great as that caused by the 10-day treatment with the combined dose. On the other hand, priming with progesterone did not significantly augment the effect of 2-day treatment with the combination. 3. On the basis of these data and of a discussion of the mechanisms of nest-building and incubation behavior, it is suggested that the normal cycle includes a period of estrogen secretion (concurrent with nest-building) followed by progesterone secretion (associated with egg-laying maximal oviduct growth, and incubation behavior).
The New Demographics and Market Fragmentation

The underlying premise of this article is that changing demographics will lead to a splintering of the mass markets for grocery products and supermarkets. A field study investigated the relationshi...
SDI show hits the road

Strategic Defense Initiative Organization officials are making enthusiastic presentations to companies and research organizations around the United States in an effort to establish local constituencies of support for Star Wars.
Landscape Ecology: Designing Sustainable Agricultural Landscapes

This chapter discusses landscape concepts including sustainability, hierarchy theory, and landscape diversity. It describes landscape approaches including problem-solving, net energy, and the use of geographic information systems. The chapter illustrates how the concept of net energy can be used as an integrative management approach. It focuses on the framework for designing sustainable agricultural landscapes. Landscape concepts and approaches most frequently encompass interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary theory and approaches. Landscape ecology focuses on the development and dynamics of spatial heterogeneity at large temporal/spatial scales. The ecological society of America in its sustainable biosphere initiative report referred to both sustainable forestry and sustainable agriculture, including needs and initiatives at the landscape level. A hierarchical framework is necessary for research and management of agroecosystems at the landscape level. Scientific research, including agroecosystem research, has all too frequently adopted a reductionist approach when a holistic or hierarchical approach should have been recognized.
The (not completely irreversible) population of a misfolded state of cytochrome c under folding conditions.

This paper reports the discovery of a (meta)stable partially unfolded state of horse heart ferricytochrome c that was obtained after exposing the protein to a solution with an alkaline pH of 11.5 for 1 week. Thereafter, the protein did not undergo any detectable change in its secondary and tertiary structure upon adjusting the solution to folding promoting conditions at neutral pH. Spectroscopic data suggest that the misfolded protein exhibits a hexacoordinated low-spin state with a hydroxyl ion as the likely ligand. Below pH 6, a new ligation state emerges with the spectroscopic characteristics of a pentacoordinated quantum mixed state of the heme iron. Gel electrophoresis revealed substantial formation of soluble dimers and trimers at submillimolar concentrations, whereas monomers were dominant at lower, micromolar concentrations. Ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra indicate that oxidized monomers are pre-molten globule to globule-like with a substantial fraction of secondary (helical) structure remi...
Laminar Turbulent Intermittency Models: Determination of Functional Behavior Using an Asymptotic Differential Equation Argument

[Abstract] Laminar turbulent transition is often described using the intermittency function. While intermittency has been analyzed and motivated by any number of modeling arguments, the fundamental functional behavior resulting from the basic breakdown hypotheses i.e. a quadratic exponential versus a cubic exponential has not been settled. Certainly, one could conclude that some combination of quadratic and cubic models might be appropriate however the necessary weighting/partitioning for either of the functional form is elusive. Here, following Johnson and Fashifar (1993) we introduce a burst frequency differential equation model that includes both of the hypothesized rate approaches, which in turn, yield the two functional behaviors. While the governing equation itself cannot formally delineate the relative significance of the two modeling approaches, examination of the asymptotic behavior for the burst rate differential equation near the beginning and end of the transition zone suggests a constraint that permits estimation of the partitioning weights. Surprisingly, this constraint shows that the less familiar cubic exponential model functional behavior may be preferred. Using this functional behavior the transition zone length, intermittency and burst frequency are estimated. Comparison with the high speed, Mach 5, data sets of Casper et. al. (2014) demonstrates good agreement for the intermittency. Burst rate trends are consistent with measurement, but under-predict the magnitude. While certainly both the quadratic exponential and the cubic exponential models will provide viable intermittency estimates we believe that a better understanding of the process that leads to a particular functional form will support a more complete transition modeling approach especially for problems, such as flow induced structural vibration in transition, where the local spot behavior is important.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction associated with interleukin-2 therapy

In this case report, we present a patient with metastatic gastric carcinoma who developed massive colonic dilatation during treatment with recombinant interleukin-2. The spectrum of gastrointestinal symptomatology associated with interleukin-2 therapy is broad. However, colonic pseudo-obstruction, to our knowledge, has never before been reported. We review therapy for colonic pseudo-obstruction and a proposed mechanism of interleukin-2 toxicity. We report this case to heighten awareness of the potential for the development of this complication in patients undergoing interleukin-2 immunotherapy.
The use of a rating scale for oral behavior in children.

A behavioral rating scale was utilized in the study of four categories of oral behavior: (a) pre-oral; (b) oral sucking; (c) oral biting; and (d) oral traits. Observations were made of a group of 32 latency-age boys who were hospitalized in a large psychiatric hospital. The subjects fell into four diagnostic groups: (a) psychotic; (b) retarded and brain damaged; (c) character disordered; and (d) neurotic. Observations were made of all boys on a monthly basis by nurses and child care workers, over a period of one year, by simply rating the presence or absence of behavior itemized on a checklist. By the use of the rating scales, it has been possible to obtain quantitative measures of behavior of large groups of children over a protracted period by untrained observers. This study has demonstrated the presence of primitive oral behavior along with more mature oral behavior in psychotic children. It is suggested that scales for measurement of other types of behavior, both libidinal and aggressive, can be developed in a similar fashion.
Trilineage extramedullary myeloid cell tumor in myelodysplastic syndrome.

. A patient with a 17-month history of myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory anemia with excess blasts that evolved into chronic myelomonocytic leukemia), which was treated with transfusions and erythropoietin, developed abdominal and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsies of the abdominal nodes revealed virtual obliteration of the architecture by myeloid blasts admixed with maturing granulocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic precursors. The lymph node findings appeared to represent extramedullary dyshematopoiesis undergoing a tissue phase blast transformation. Four months later, the patient developed rising peripheral blast counts consistent with acute leukemia. Although the development of granulocytic sarcoma (also called extramedullary myeloid cell tumor) is well known to occur in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, to our knowledge this is the first description of an extramedullary myeloid cell tumor associated with trilineage differentiation.
Aphasic variant of Alzheimer disease: Clinical, anatomic, and genetic features

Objective: To identify features of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. A related objective was to determine whether logopenic PPA is a clinical marker for AD. Methods: A total of 139 prospectively enrolled participants with a root diagnosis of PPA constituted the reference set. Those with autopsy or biomarker evidence of AD, and who had been evaluated at mild disease stages (Aphasia Quotient ≥85), were included (n = 19). All had quantitative language testing and APOE genotyping. Fifteen had MRI morphometry. Results: Impaired word-finding was the universal presenting complaint in the aphasic AD group. PPA clinical subtype was logopenic (n = 13) and agrammatic (n = 6). Fluency, repetition, naming, and grammaticality ranged from preserved to severely impaired. All had relative preservation of word comprehension. Eight of the 15 aphasic participants with AD showed no appreciable cortical atrophy at the individual level on MRI. As a group, atrophy was asymmetrically concentrated in the left perisylvian cortex. APOE e4 frequency was not elevated. Conclusions: There is a close, but not obligatory, association between logopenic PPA and AD. No language measure, with the possible exception of word comprehension, can confirm or exclude AD in PPA. Biomarkers are therefore essential for diagnosis. Asymmetry of cortical atrophy and normal APOE e4 prevalence constitute deviations from typical AD. These and additional neuropathologic features suggest that AD has biological subtypes, one of which causes PPA. Better appreciation of this fact should promote the inclusion of individuals with PPA and positive AD biomarkers into relevant clinical trials.
Recruitment and Perceptions of Gender Bias in Party Leader Support

Gender differences in who gets recruited by political party elites contribute to women’s underrepresentation on the ballot, but recent evidence suggests that even when women are recruited to the sa...
Prostate Cancer Cells are Reprogrammed to Normal via Ultrasound-Induced Mechanotransduction

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most incident cancer in men. Since the majority of prostate cancer patients are elderly men, often not suitable for invasive procedures, there is a need for minimally invasive therapies (e.g., focused ultrasound). We tested the hypothesis that focused ultrasound (FUS) drastically reduces the metastatic potential of chemically-treated cancer cells via overproduction of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), death receptor Fas and its ligand FasL. Materials and Methods: Suspensions of cultured DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells were placed in 0.2ml tubes. The cells were left untreated or exposed to FUS alone, 4% ethanol, or FUS+4% ethanol. The FUS signal was generated by a 1.1 MHz transducer, with acoustic power ranging from 4.1 to 20 W. Fas and FasL expression was measured by flow cytometry, and HSP 70 protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis at 2, 24, and 72 hours post-treatment. To confirm that cancer cells lose aggressiveness, we measured the number of cancer cells adhered to TNF-α-activated endothelium as well as tested the ability of cells to form multi-cellular spheroids. Results and Discussion: Prostate cancer cells significantly increased their expression of Fas, FasL, and HSP 70 immediately after being exposed to FUS+4% ethanol and continued to produce these molecules at a significantly higher amount than untreated, ethanol, or FUS alone alone-treated cells. Static adhesion assay showed that cells in the combined treatment were less likely to attach to endothelium. Cells exposed to both ethanol and FUS were unable to form three-dimensional tumor spheroids. We showed that FUS induces Hsp70 overproduction in prostate cancer cells and promotes cell apoptosis via an increase in expression of Fas and its ligand FasL. Both these factors lead to phenotypic changes in cancer cells that reduce their aggressiveness.
Heroism's Contexts: Robbie Rogers and the Ghost of Justin Fashanu

In 2013, Robbie Rogers, an American professional soccer player living out his dream as a member of a British team, came out as a gay to his family and fans. The subsequent coverage varied across outlets, especially between those based inside and outside of the United States. In general, media reports outside of the United States articulated Rogers to Justin Fashanu, a British soccer player who had been outed in 1990 and subsequently completed a suicide in 1998 after years of torment. American-based reporting tied Rogers to narratives about the gradual cultural acceptance of LGBT personalities. We engage this reporting as an opportunity to revist the importance of context as a consideration in the conditions of possibility for queer worldmaking.
Electric arc explosions—A review

When an electric arc is created, a pressure event occurs. There can be two aspects to this: the shock and sound waves propagated from the expanding arc channel, and the bulk pressurization of the enclosure, if arcing is taking place within a closed volume. The present paper is the first systematic review of the research on both these pressure phenomena. Quantitative studies on electrical arc explosion pressures date back to the 1920s, although arc pressures generated by lightning, which is a type of electric arc discharge, have been studied since the 1700s, but understanding of the phenomena is still not complete or exhaustive. Experimental data are compared to theoretical predictions. It is shown that in an enclosed volume some extremely high pressures can be generated, if the arc current is sufficient. Such pressures can destroy buildings and mechanical equipment and cause injuries or death to nearby individuals. Even without enclosures, the shock waves produced from high energy arcs can cause injuries, although arc flash injury may be of greater concern. Injury potential generally requires that high currents be available, and serious damages or injuries are not associated with low-energy arcing occurrences.
Abstract P217: A Planning Tool for Implementing Stroke Systems of Care: Mercy Attitude Scale for Stroke

Background. National recommendations exist to implement stroke care through linking the fundamental components of a comprehensive stroke system that are often fragmented or isolated. Since attitudes appreciably affect behavior, the need exists for a tool to measure provider attitudes towards stroke and its management in order to plan and implement effective stroke systems of care. Methods. Rigorous psychometric methodology was used to develop a valid and reliable survey instrument to assess provider attitudes towards stroke. Two different forms of the 18 item Mercy Attitude Scale for Strokes (MASS) were administered to a total of 354 stroke care providers representing multiple specialties in urban and rural areas across four states and who in some way touch stroke care. Results. The results of multiple correlation values revealed statistically significant levels of agreement among variables that might influence perceptions regarding stroke care, e.g., gender, hospital size, geographic location, year of highest degree, source of compensation, and healthcare specialization among most of the 18 survey items. The highest ranked item dealt with the need for an urgent and timely response to stroke onset and the lowest ranked item concerned the administration of tPA as the “gold standard” of treatment. Conclusions. Ironically, while the respondents agreed that timely intervention is critical, they seemed reluctant to endorse tPA as a timely intervention approach despite a decade of supporting research. This finding raises questions the answers to which are a matter of speculation. The methodological approach taken in this project is applicable to other local and regional systems attempting to build or expand a stroke system of care. This technique allows one to customize a local approach to ensuring timely identification and treatment of stroke patients. Seven steps are identified to implement stroke systems of care and provider training programs.
Augmented Reality and Motion Capture E-Shopping Usage for Apparel:Webcam Social Shopper

The Webcam Social Shopper is referred to as virtual dressing room software. It features augmented reality (i.e., an interactive method of combining live video with computergenerated data and visualizations) via a webcam and a motion capture system in which hand motions allow the users to virtually navigate backward or forward on-screen to choose clothing (Kincaid, 2009). Augmented Reality and Motion Capture (ARMC) e-shopping focuses on a virtual try-before-buying experience using a webcam (Kincaid, 2009).
Global phase space structures in a model of passive descent

Abstract Even the most simplified models of falling and gliding bodies exhibit rich nonlinear dynamical behavior. Taking a global view of the dynamics of one such model, we find an attracting invariant manifold that acts as the dominant organizing feature of trajectories in velocity space. This attracting manifold captures the final, slowly changing phase of every passive descent, providing a higher-dimensional analogue to the concept of terminal velocity, the terminal velocity manifold. Within the terminal velocity manifold in extended phase space, there is an equilibrium submanifold with equilibria of alternating stability type, with different stability basins. In this work, we present theoretical and numerical methods for approximating the terminal velocity manifold and discuss ways to approximate falling and gliding motion in terms of these underlying phase space structures.
Retinal hypoxia in long-term diabetic cats.

PURPOSE. To determine whether the retina is hypoxic in early stages of diabetic retinopathy in cats and to correlate intraretinal Po 2 with fluorescein angiographic and histologic alterations. METHODS. Intraretinal Po 2 was measured with microelectrodes in three cats with long-standing diabetes (>6 years) that had been followed with fluorescein angiographs every 6 months. Average Po 2 in the inner vascularized half of the retina was compared with similar measurements in 21 control animals. Photoreceptor oxygen consumption was also compared. The retinal vascular endothelium of the diabetic animals was stained for ADPase activity in flatmounts, and transverse sections were used to visualize microscopic alterations in vascular structure. RESULTS. Po 2 in the inner half of the retina was abnormally low in the diabetic cats, 7.7 ± 5.2 mm Hg (35 penetrations in 3 cats) versus 16.4 ± 9.3 mm Hg in normal cats (85 penetrations in 21 cats) (P << 0.001). Oxygenation was almost normal in some regions of the diabetic retinas, but little evidence of oxygen supply from the retinal circulation was observed in other regions. Inner retinal hypoxia was present in areas with no detectable capillary dropout in fluorescein angiograms or flatmounts. The worst changes histologically were microaneurysms, leukocyte and platelet plugging of aneurysms and venules, and degenerating endothelial cells in capillary walls. These histologic abnormalities were confined to small regions, some of which could be positively correlated with markedly abnormal Po 2 profiles. Photoreceptor oxygen utilization was not affected in two diabetic cats, but was below normal in one animal in which choroidal Po 2 was low. CONCLUSIONS. This is the first direct demonstration of retinal hypoxia in early diabetic retinopathy, before capillary dropout was evident clinically. Hypoxia was correlated with endothelial cell death. leukocyte plugging of vessels, and microaneurysms.
Continuing education in research ethics for the clinical nurse.

BACKGROUND In their role as care provider, clinical nurses are involved in research protocols. Although clinical nurses seldom serve as principal investigators, nursing care often is delivered to patients involved in study protocols. This article explores the need for continuing education in research ethics for clinical nurses and offers recommendations for core research ethics education. METHOD Professional nursing statements, federal policy, and federal recommendations for improving protection of human participants in research were reviewed to identify areas pertinent to the role of nurses. FINDINGS Continuing education in research ethics is an important component in ensuring protection of human participants in research. Essential research ethics education topics for clinical nurses, including three case studies, are presented. CONCLUSION Continuing education that enhances clinical nurses' awareness of the ethical issues involved in research assures nurses have the knowledge and ethical sensitivity needed to act as patient advocates and improves the protection of human rights.
Theory of Multiple Scattering Suppression in Cross-Correlated Light Scattering Employing a Single Laser Beam

In previous systems for measuring cross-correlated light scattering by seed particles suspended in a liquid with multiple scattering suppression, the particles have been illuminated with two laser beams. We illustrate that multiple scattering suppression should also occur in cross-correlation for a system employing a single laser beam and two closely-spaced detectors. We calculate the single scattering, double scattering, and single scattering-double scattering cross term contributions to the intensity cross-correlation function for this system. We find that the two cross terms are of opposite sign, greatly reducing their contribution when added together. The amplitude of the double scattering term may be greatly diminished by judicious detector spacing because the spatial coherence area in the detector plane for double scattering is much smaller in one direction than that for single scattering.
Improved Performance of Junctionless Tunnel FETs with Source/Channel Heterostructure

We propose a junctionless tunnel FET architecture with a heterostructure at the source/channel interface. We show that the use of a low bandgap material in the source of this device results in significant ON current improvement. We further show that ON current improvement can also be achieved by using a low-k isolation dielectric. The proposed device architecture which combines the merits of both junctionless FETs and Tunnel FETs can be a potential candidate for sub-20 nm technology node.
Analytical study of static beyond-Fröhlich Bose polarons in one dimension

F. Grusdt et al. [New J. Phys. 19, 103035 (2017)] recently made a renormalization-group study of a one-dimensional Bose polaron in cold atoms. Their study went beyond the usual Fr\"ohlich description, which includes only single-phonon processes, by including two-phonon processes in which two phonons are simultaneously absorbed or emitted during impurity scattering [Y. E. Shchadilova et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 113002 (2016)]. We study this same beyond-Fr\"ohlich model, but in the static impurity limit where the ground state is described by a multimode squeezed state instead of the multimode coherent state in the static Fr\"ohlich model. We solve the system exactly by applying the generalized Bogoliubov transformation, an approach that can be straightforwardly adapted to higher dimensions. Using our exact solution, we obtain a polaron energy free of infrared divergences and construct analytically the polaron phase diagram. We find that the repulsive polaron is stable on the positive side of the impurity-boson interaction but is always thermodynamically unstable on the negative side of the impurity-boson interaction, featuring a bound state, whose binding energy we obtain analytically. We find that the attractive polaron is always dynamically unstable, featuring a pair of imaginary energies which we obtain analytically. We expect the multimode squeezed state to help with studies that go not only beyond the Fr\"ohlich paradigm but also beyond Bogoliubov theory, just as the multimode coherent state has helped with the study of Fr\"ohlich polarons.
Critical Whiteness Education and Cognitive Frame of Reference Elaboration: An In-Depth Descriptive Case of Transformation:

Critical race courses challenge today’s college students to cognitively grapple with issues of justice and the good society. In some instances, these challenges lead to positive, relational growth-...
North American and Global Integration of Carbon Control Markets

This chapter comprehensively analyzes U.S. state and federal energy and climate regulation and the opportunities for integrating these regulations within the United States, with Canadian provinces, and with countries around the world. The chapter documents the mix of command-and-control and market-based approaches adopted by states and the federal government under the Clean Air Act, regional cap-and-trade systems, and renewable fuel and power standards. It also analyzes salient proposals for new energy and climate regulation through the Clean Air Act as well as new state and federal legislation. It highlights key differences between climate regulations adopted in different parts of the nation and the world, explaining which greenhouse gases and industries are covered and how regulations employ alternate modes of compliance such as offsets. It also explains practical and political economy barriers to integrating these disparate regimes, showing how linking cap-and-trade systems will encourage countries to weaken their climate regulation. Finally, it considers the current state of negotiations toward an international treaty on greenhouse gas emissions and suggests how such a treaty should be constructed.
Originalism and Indians

Indian tribes, in the context of U.S. constitutional theory, do not fit. They are an anomaly in American governmental structure. Tribal governments exist today within the constitutional framework of the United States only by virtue of acrobatic displays of rhetorical legal reasoning and mythologized interpretations of history. Originalist theory can provide a clear exit from the inconsistencies and inaccuracies underlying the foundation of federal Indian law. Typically, scholars embracing an originalist position are thought of as conservative. A conservative position is typically associated with opposition to tribal sovereignty. In contrast to those traditional views, I argue that an originalist view of the Constitution can produce a very different constitutional understanding of Indian tribes that supports a robust construction of tribal sovereignty. Today, a number of originalists occupy seats on the United States Supreme Court, but their respective records on Indian law decisions are distinct. To advance an originalist constitutional theory supportive of meaningful tribal sovereignty, this Article compares the jurisprudence of Justice Thomas and Justice Gorsuch with respect to Indian law. These two Justices, supposedly cut from the same originalist cloth, provide a perfect opportunity to critically examine the complexities of originalism as applied to Indian tribes. I offer a new originalist vision of federal Indian law and tribal sovereignty and suggest it fits squarely within the jurisprudence of Justice Gorsuch. I also contend that Justice Thomas’s record on Indian law reflects anti-originalist principles by reaffirming longstanding historical misconceptions of the fundamental precepts of the United States and applying contemporary definitions to constitutional terms. I end by identifying the longstanding federal Indian law principles that are fundamentally inconsistent with this view.
Enhancing Collaboration Regarding Long-Term Therapy Planning for Children With Chronic Conditions Using Participatory Action Research (PAR)

Date Presented 04/04/19 This research study sought to understand parent perspectives on their child’s long-term therapy needs. This study utilized participatory action research (PAR). A shared decision-making tool was developed and tested as a method for enhancing collaborative conversations between the parent and therapist about a long-term therapy plan. Use of PAR was effective in allowing parents and therapists to cocreate a change regarding long-term therapy planning for children with chronic conditions. Primary Author and Speaker: Victoria McQuiddy Contributing Authors: Kristin Winston, Sonia Kay, Terrianne Jones
Rhinotillexomania Manifesting as Empty Nose Syndrome.

Objectives:To highlight a severe case of rhinotillexomania (compulsive nasal picking) and its potential to manifest as empty nose syndrome (ENS).Methods:A single case report with the presentation a...
Understanding the neonatal immune system: high risk for infection

Neonates are vulnerable to infection from prenatal and postnatal exposure to microorganisms. The immaturity of the immune system in neonates and illness and/or prematurity place these infants at significant risk for bacterial invasion and systemic infection. Long-term sequelae include, but are not limited to, prolonged hospital stays and increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems. Nurses must understand the function of the immune system and the disadvantages unique to newborn infants to be able to provide education to others and appreciate the need for vigilant monitoring and protection of these infants.
APRV vs Oscillation

We compare the effectiveness of a conventional mode of ventilation, airway pressure release ventilation with non-conventional high frequency ventilation in achieving safety, comfort and liberation in infants and children requiring mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilatory support is important to the care of infants and children with acute respiratory failure. A paucity of high-level evidence exists to support one single ventilator strategy. A better understanding of the nuances of conventional and non-conventional modes of ventilation is needed to provide safe and effective ventilatory assistance. Technological advances enable clinicians to tailor a ventilation strategy to patient need and deliver mandatory breaths ranging from conventional to high frequency rates. The use of an open lung strategy and tidal volume delivery that prevents overdistention are key elements used to optimize oxygenation and support the ventilatory needs of children with respiratory failure.
Examination of the Relationship between Parenting Identity and Internalizing Problems: A Preliminary Examination of Gender and Parental Status Differences

This study sought to examine the associations between parental identity commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitments with mental health outcomes (i.e., symptoms of depressio...
The efficacy of X-ray doses on Vibrio vulnificus in pure culture and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in pure culture and inoculated farm raised live oysters (Crassostrea virginica) with different acceleration voltages

Abstract Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are halophilic bacteria and can cause illness associated with the consumption of oysters. In this study, we tested the hypothesis to see if the adjustment of the acceleration voltage can change the efficacy of X-ray doses on V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in pure culture and inoculated V. parahaemolyticus within farm-raised live oysters (Crassostrea virginica). By using a tailor-made X-ray irradiator (Kimtron 350), the acceleration voltage was adjusted to 50, 200 or 350 kV and irradiated on pure culture of V. vulnificus or V. parahaemolyticus and farm-raised live oysters accumulated with a three-strain mixture of V. parahaemolyticus. Inactivation of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus pure cultures without filter had a lower inactivation when compared with filtered X-ray. With a 1 mm aluminum filter, 250–300 Gy X-ray reduced more than 6 log CFU ml−1 at 350 kV acceleration voltage. When 350 kV X-ray was applied on live oysters with the aluminum filter, 6 log MPN g−1 reduction of V. parahaemolyticus was achieved with 1250 Gy. The V. parahaemolyticus was significantly (p
$\hbox{MoS}_{2}$ Nanoribbon Transistors: Transition From Depletion Mode to Enhancement Mode by Channel-Width Trimming

We study the channel width scaling of back-gated MoS2 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors from 2 μm down to 60 nm. We reveal that the channel conductance scales linearly with channel width, indicating no evident edge damage for MoS2 nanoribbons with widths down to 60 nm as defined by plasma dry etching. However, these transistors show a strong positive threshold voltage (VT) shift with narrow channel widths of less than 200 nm. Our results also show that transistors with thinner channel thicknesses have larger VT shifts associated with width scaling. Devices fabricated on a 6-nm-thick MoS2 crystal underwent the transition from depletion mode to enhancement mode.