cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhetorical Delivery as Strategy: Rebuilding the Fifth Canon from Practitioner Stories

While a number of scholars have discussed a need to retheorize the fifth canon in the age of the digital (K. Welch; Trimbur; DeVoss and Porter), the field lacks empirical research on rhetorical delivery itself (Rude). By examining one case example from a larger research project, this article explores how practitioner stories can challenge and expand existing theoretical frameworks of rhetorical delivery to include insights from practitioners' knowledge. This article argues that gathering qualitative case examples is a useful, though by no means exhaustive, methodological research framework for studying rhetorical delivery.
The ups and downs of motion sickness.

Overview: Nearly everyone will experience motion sickness at some point. It's thought to be caused by confusion among the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems; the associated nausea is thought to involve neurons in the hypothalamus and a portion of the cerebral cortex. Although many remedies are available, none has been proven to be effective for everyone. Pharma cologic treatments include antihistamines, scopolamine, and gingerroot. Nonpharmacologic treatments include efforts to control gastric motility, such as wearing a wristband that stimulates the P6 acupressure point, and efforts to affect the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems, such as facing forward, riding at the front of a boat, and looking toward the horizon, among others. Nurses can help patients find the remedy that works best for them.
Kinetic model of low pressure film deposition from single precursor vapor in a well-mixed, cold-wall reactor

Abstract A phenomenological model was derived to describe the deposition kinetics of oxide film growth from thermally activated decomposition of vapor precursor on a heated surface at low pressure. A Langmuir derivation of mass balance on the growing film surface with surface saturation condition was used to model the deposition. Growth rate of solid oxide film was modeled as a function of molecular arrival rate, adsorption rate, and surface reaction rate. The model was applied to a novel metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process (Pulsed-MOCVD). The process features precisely controlled pulsed injection of precursor solution with ultrasonic atomization to deliver the precursor vapor to the reactor with no carrier gas. Growth behavior was predicted for an experimental investigation in which a dilute solution of Ti(OPr) 4 (isopropoxide) in toluene was used as the liquid precursor for TiO 2 rutile film on nickel substrate.
Adaptive meshing in a mixed regime hydrologic simulation model

Problems in hydrology frequently have moving fronts and dynamic driving mechanisms such as wells. Since the location of important features changes during a simulation, accurate modeling requires uniformly fine resolution or the ability to change resolution during the simulation. We will describe an algorithm for refinement and unrefinement of tetrahedral/triangular meshes that has been implemented in the adaptive hydrology (ADH) code. The codes including the refinement/unrefinement algorithms are implemented in parallel to accommodate problems with large run time and memory requirements. In this paper, we describe the parallel, adaptive grid algorithm used in ADH and show the resulting grids from some example problems.
Accelerometer development at Stanford

Preflight prototype differential accelerometers for STEP are being developed at Stanford under NASA funding. Subsystem development in progress includes work on thin-film superconducting circuits deposited on cylinders, SQUID-based superconducting position measurement and electrostatic positioning and charge control. A thorough programme of testing and qualification of the subsystems is an essential part of the experiment. We have built a flux microscope and magnetometer probe to study magnetic flux motion, one of the limiting factors in the accelerometers; a position sensor study facility; a tipper table for testing and qualification of bearings in three degrees of freedom and a `mechatronics' lab for the manufacture of critical circuits on cylinders. A rigorous testing programme is a necessary part of any space experiment because it is presently impossible, or prohibitively expensive, to repair any failure after the experiment is in orbit. This is particularly true of fundamental physics experiments such as STEP and GP-B in which the sensitivity of the apparatus depends directly on the absence of gravity. Thus the apparatus cannot be tested at full sensitivity until it is in orbit. The STEP development work at Stanford is directed toward a partial answer to this problem, which guarantees that the instrument will at least function and tests it to the extent possible on the ground.
Paraneoplastic disorders of neuro-ophthalmologic interest.

Certain paraneoplastic disorders associated with degeneration of the retina, optic nerve, brainstem, and cerebellum may cause visual loss, impairment of ocular motility, or nystagmus and other saccadic intrusions and oscillations. Most of these remote effects of cancer are probably autoimmune condit
Twenty-year history of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: Too much surgery or not enough? ☆

A 36-year-old woman with a 20-year history of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain was a unique case from a total of 700 patients with endometriosis recently evaluated at Yale University. Her previous treatments included 11 surgical procedures related to pelvic pain or endometriosis. Multiple recurrences of endometriosis were documented. Although clearly an unusual case, our patient highlights the importance of using even the most advanced surgical techniques judiciously.
Cognitive dissonance and psychotherapy: The role of effort justification in inducing weight loss.

Abstract The role of effort justification in psychotherapy was examined. It was hypothesized that the effort involved in therapy, plus the conscious decision to undergo that effort, leads to positive therapeutic changes through the reduction of cognitive dissonance. An experiment was conducted in which overweight subjects attempted to lose weight through one of two forms of “effort therapy”. These therapies were bogus in that they were based solely on the expenditure of effort on a series of cognitive tasks that were unrelated to any existing techniques or theory addressing weight loss. One of the therapies called for a high degree of effort while the degree of effort in the second therapy was low. A no-treatment control group was also included. It was predicted that greater weight loss would occur for high-effort than low-effort or control subjects, and that this weight loss would be maintained or increased over time. Results supported these predictions. Over an initial 3-week period, high-effort subjects lost slightly more weight than low-effort subjects or controls. A 6-month follow-up revealed that the effects of effort on weight loss had increased and were highly significant. Reliable differences remained even 1 year after the initial experimental sessions. Possible mechanisms mediating the dissonance effect were discussed, as were several alternative explanations.
Interconnectivity of carbonate melt at low melt fraction

Abstract Experiments were performed to investigate the interconnectivity of sodium carbonate melt in a synthetic dunite at low melt fractions at 1 GPa and 1300° C. Carbonate melt was found to remain interconnected to 0.05 wt% melt in fine-grained olivine (all grains initially ≤ 63 μm). The presence of this interconnected melt enhances the bulk transport of iron through the polycrystalline sample by two to almost three orders of magnitude, depending on melt fraction. This effectively reduces the diffusive length scale of the bulk sample to that of the individual grains, with transport limited by the rate of lattice diffusion for those species soluble in the carbonate melt. These experiments also show that 0.03–0.07 wt% melt demarcates a lower limit to melt interconnectivity, despite a melt-olivine dihedral angle of 25–30°, less than the critical dihedral angle of 60°. In this range of melt abundance grain-edge tubules pinch off and diffusion is short-circuited only for the length of the melt pores. Interconnectivity is likely present to melt fractions lower than 0.05 wt% in carbonated olivine-rich mantle with grain size on the order of 1 mm. Combining bulk diffusivity measurements with models of permeability suggests that carbonate melts may be more mobile at low melt fraction that previously estimated, increasing the potential of carbonate melts to transport soluble elements and carbon-rich volatiles through the upper mantle.
Unusual Sonographic Findings of Acute Appendicitis Mimicking Right Hydrosa lpinx

A case of acute appendicitis involving an appendix located unusually low in the pelvis was preoperatively misdiagnosed, using ultrasound, as hydrosalpinx. We discuss factors that led to this error and how similar occurrences may be avoided. This case emphasizes that gynecologic sonographers should to be familiar with the sonographic characteristics of acute appendicitis.
Experiments in attacking FPGA-based embedded systems using differential power analysis

In the decade since the concept was publicly introduced, power analysis attacks on cryptographic systems have become an increasingly studied topic in the computer security community. Research into countermeasures for these cryptographic systems has intensified as well. Experiments have been conducted showing the potential effectiveness of power analysis attacks and preventative techniques on both software (e.g. smartcard, DSP) and hardware (e.g. ASIC, FPGA) processing elements. One key observation that motivates our work is that the majority of the research into power analysis on FPGA-based cryptographic systems has been a) theoretical in nature, b) evaluated through simulation, or c) experimented using custom hardware that does not closely mirror real-world systems. In this paper, we look to bridge this gap between theory and practice by detailing our experience in performing a Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attack on a commercial FPGA development board. We present an automated data acquisition and analysis design for an FPGA-based implementation of the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and discuss some of the challenges and obstacles that we encountered when performing the DPA attack on our chosen commercial platform.
Association of red blood cell transfusion and postoperative outcomes after endovascular aortic repair.

Background. Several studies have documented worse postoperative outcomes in patients who received red blood cell (RBC) transfusion perioperatively during cardiac surgery or in critical care settings. These findings were attributed to activation of the inflammatory response with the release of cytokines and immune suppression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of RBC transfusion on the day of surgery and postoperative outcomes following endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Methods. A total of 510 patients who underwent EVAR from April 2005 to March 2007 were considered for analysis. The exposure of interest was whether or not patients receive RBC transfusion on the day of surgery. The primary outcome was a composite in-hospital morbidity/mortality outcome. The authors assessed the association between RBC transfusion and our composite outcome using logistic regression after adjusting for the available potential confounders using propensity score matching. Results. Propensity scores were es...
Isolation of Mature Spinal Motor Neurons and Single-cell Analysis Using the Comet Assay of Early Low-level DNA Damage Induced In Vitro and In Vivo

We developed an isolation technique for motor neurons from adult rat spinal cord. Spinal cord enlargements were discretely microdissected into ventral horn tissue columns that were trypsin-digested and subjected to differential low-speed centrifugation to fractionate ventral horn cell types. A fraction enriched in alpha-motor neurons was isolated. Motor neuron enrichment was verified by immunofluorescence for choline acetyltransferase and prelabeling axon projections to skeletal muscle. Adult motor neurons were isolated from naive rats and were exposed to oxidative agents or were isolated from rats with sciatic nerve lesions (avulsions). We tested the hypothesis, using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), that hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite exposure in vitro and axotomy in vivo induce DNA damage in adult motor neurons early during their degeneration. This study contributes three important developments in the study of motor neurons. It demonstrates that mature spinal motor neurons can be isolated and used for in vitro models of motor neuron degeneration. It shows that adult motor neurons can be isolated from in vivo models of motor neuron degeneration and evaluated on a single-cell basis. This study also demonstrates that the comet assay is a feasible method for measuring DNA damage in individual motor neurons. Using these methods, we conclude that motor neurons undergoing oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species and axotomy accumulate DNA damage early in their degeneration.
Therapeutic vaccination with vhs− herpes simplex virus reduces the severity of recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis in mice

Virion host shutoff (vhs)-deficient herpes simplex virus (HSV) was tested as a therapeutic vaccine in a mouse model of UV light-induced recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis. Four weeks after primary corneal infection, mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally with vhs− vaccine or control. Four weeks after vaccination, the eyes of latently infected mice were UV-B irradiated to induce recurrent virus shedding and disease. Post-irradiation corneal opacity in latently infected, vhs−-vaccinated mice was significantly reduced compared to control-vaccinated mice (P=0·007 to 0·035). The incidence and duration of recurrent virus shedding were the same in both groups. Antibody titres were increased (P=0·05) and delayed type hypersensitive responses were unaffected by vhs− vaccination. Combined with studies using different vaccination timing and vhs− genotypes, these data suggest that deletion of vhs is a useful strategy in the development of a therapeutic HSV vaccine, and that temporal and genetic factors influence vaccination outcome.
The new corporate strategy

STRATEGY FORMULATION: Structure of Business Decision A Model for Strategic Decision Objectives A Practical System of Objectives Synergy and Capability Profiles Concept of Strategy Diversification and Internationalization Competitive Analysis Choice of Portfolio Uses of Strategy GENERAL MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY: The Need for Entrepreneurial Capability Diagnosing General Management Capability Planning Strategic Positive Transformation Assuring Coexistence of Competitive and Entrepreneurial Activities Resistance to Change Four Approaches to Managing Discontinuous Change The Accordian Method of Managing Change Overview of Strategic Behavior.
A monoclonal natural autoantibody that promotes remyelination suppresses central nervous system inflammation and increases virus expression after Theiler's virus-induced demyelination

We have used an established experimental model of multiple sclerosis to investigate the potential beneficial relationship between natural autoimmunity and remyelination after central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. Intracerebral infection of SJL/J mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) produces chronic, progressive, inflammatory CNS demyelination. Chronically infected SJL/J mice show minimal spontaneous remyelination, which is in part due to a T cell-mediated immune response inhibiting myelin repair. We previously identified a monoclonal natural autoantibody, designated SCH94.03, that promotes remyelination when passively transferred to chronically infected SJL/J mice. The mechanism whereby SCH94.03 promotes remyelination is unknown, although previous reports suggest that natural autoantibodies can modulate immune system function. In this report we demonstrate that treatment with SCH94.03 reduced by 2- to 3-fold the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells infiltrating the CNS of SJL/J mice chronically infected with TMEV, in the absence of global lymphocyte depletion. Associated with the decreased inflammation was a 2- to 3-fold increase in virus antigen expression without a significant increase in viral RNA or virus titers. Treatment with SCH94.03 also suppressed the humoral immune response to a T cell-dependent antigen in chronically infected mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed that SCH94.03 labeled MHC class II-positive dendritic cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. These results are consistent with the proposed immunomodulatory function of natural autoantibodies and suggest that one mechanism whereby SCH94.03 promotes CNS remyelination in chronically infected SJL/J mice is through inhibition of a pathogenic immune response.
A 25-year-old woman with progressive neurological decline.

*Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Boston, Massachusetts, †Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and §Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Reprint Address: Eric S. Nadel, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Complex hydrides, containing a minimum of 7.5 wt% hydrogen, are being investigated as hydrogen storage compounds for automotive use. As a new project, the work to date has largely involved refurbishment of equipment and acquisition of study materials. Initial experiments have confirmed that the instrumentation is functioning and that the data being obtained agree with that in the literature.
New physics in radiofrequency plasma sources

Summary form only given, as follows. High-density, low-pressure RF plasma sources are indispensable in the production of high-speed logic circuits for the computer industry and are particularly critical for etching submicron features. Both Inductively Coupled Plasmas (ICPs) and helicon sources are capable of producing uniform plasmas over the area of a 200- or 300-mm wafer, but how they do this is not well understood.
Conditional Properties of Hedge Funds: Evidence from Daily Returns*

Using daily returns on a set of hedge fund indices, we study (i) the properties of the indices' conditional density functions and (ii) the presence of asymmetries in conditional correlations between hedge fund indices and other investments and between hedge fund indices themselves. We use the SNP approach to obtain estimates of conditional densities of hedge fund returns and then proceed to examine their properties. In general, a nonparametric GARCH(1,1) model appears to provide the best fit for all strategies. We find that the conditional third and fourth moments are significantly affected by changes in the current volatility of returns on hedge fund indices. We examine changes in the conditional probability of tail events and report significant changes in the probability of extreme events when the conditioning information changes. These results have important implications for models of hedge fund risk that rely on probability of tail events. We formally test for the presence of asymmetries in conditional correlations to determine if there is contagion between hedge funds and other investments and between various hedge fund indices in extreme down markets versus extreme up markets. We generally do not find strong evidence in support of asymmetric correlations.
Robust current control-based sliding mode control with simple uncertainties estimation in permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems

A simple and novel sliding mode control (SMC) method with uncertainties estimation is proposed for robust current control in a practical permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, estimation laws are derived to estimate uncertainties of a PMSM caused by parametric variations and unmodelled dynamics. Then, the system robustness, as well as stability is guaranteed. Online estimated uncertainties can be used to eliminate the effect caused by the real uncertainties. Superior control performance can be obtained and the limitation in conventional SMC which is to know the upper bounds of the system uncertainties is unnecessary. Another advantage is that the proposed method can effectively suppress the current ripple for a PMSM. The proposed control method is very simple and can be effectively implemented. Based on a digital signal processor TMS320F2808, comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Seasonal cycle and biology of Winthemia rufopicta (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a parasite of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tobacco in North Carolina

The first adult generation of Winthemia rufopicta (Big.) emerged during April in North Carolina, males preceding the females by about a week. This was several weeks prior to the occurrence of large larvae of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (Fab.), two commonly recorded hosts of W. rufopicta. The average female, after a pre-ovipositional period of several days, deposited about 60 eggs over a further several days. The sex ratio was normally unity, with the exception that flies overwintered in the field showed a predominance of males.Populations of W. rufopicta declined in spring, apparently from a shortage of hosts, then slowly built up through several overlapping generations: developmental rates at different temperatures are indicated. In the fall, local host concentrations were more frequent, and parasitism of Heliothis hosts on tobacco occurred consistently and sometimes reached high levels. Parasites overwintered as fully grown diapausing maggots in shallow cells in the soil.Experimental populations of Heliothis spp. (mainly H. virescens) maintained on tobacco were not parasitized by W. rufopicta until late in the season. Temporal and spatial interactions between host and parasite populations at that time are discussed.
Melancholia in later life: late and early onset differences in presentation, course, and dementia risk

Objectives Depression is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. This risk may vary with age of onset and depression subtype. Late onset depression (LOD, 60 years and older) is associated with more cognitive decline, whereas early onset depression (EOD, before 60 years) is associated with more residual depressive symptoms. Potential differences may reflect divergent etiologies. These onset differences, however, have not been examined in the melancholic subtype of depression in older adults. Methods Data were obtained from the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly study. Participants (N = 284, 73% EOD–melancholic (EOD-M) and 27% LOD–melancholic (LOD-M)) were followed up over 3 years. Factor analyses examined differences in baseline depressive symptoms. Hierarchical linear growth curve models examined changes in depressive symptoms (Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and cognition (mini mental state examination). An annual clinical review panel assigned diagnoses of dementia. Results The LOD-M participants had more vegetative symptoms at baseline. LOD-M exhibited greater cognitive decline but fewer residual depressive symptoms than EOD-M. Among participants who remained in the study for at least 1 year, in uncontrolled analyses, a greater percentage of LOD-M compared with EOD-M developed dementia (23.0% vs. 7.8%). Whereas in logistic analyses, controlling for baseline demographics, age at onset remained a predictor of dementia, the odds ratio suggested that the effect was relatively small. Conclusions The EOD-M and LOD-M participants have a different presentation and course. LOD-M may represent a syndrome of neuropsychiatric deterioration with expression of both depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ROTATIONAL AND RADIAL VELOCITIES FOR A SAMPLE OF 761 HIPPARCOS GIANTS AND THE ROLE OF BINARITY

We present rotational and radial velocities for a sample of 761 giants selected from the Hipparcos Catalogue to lie within 100 pc of the Sun. Our original goal was to examine stellar rotation in field giants using spectroscopic line broadening to look for evidence of excess rotation that could be attributed to planets that were engulfed as the parent stars expanded. Thus we were obliged to investigate other sources of line broadening, including tidal coupling in close binaries and macroturbulence. For all the binaries in our sample with periods shorter than 20 days the orbits have been circularized, while about half the orbits with periods in the range 20–100 days still show significant eccentricity. All our primaries in orbits shorter than 30 days show line broadening consistent with synchronized rotation, while about half the primaries with periods in the range 30–120 days are synchronized. To study the dependence of rotation on stellar evolution when tidal effects are not important, we used a subsample of single stars and members in wide binaries. We found evidence to suggest that the first dredge-up may play a role in speeding up the rotation of the observable outer layers of giants and that the rotational velocity of horizontal branch stars is larger by a few km s −1 than that of first-ascent giants with similar mass, effective temperature, and radius. Finally, we found three giants that rotate more rapidly than expected. We conjecture that they acquired their excess angular momentum by ingesting planets.
Studies on thymus function. I. Cooperative effect of thymic function and lymphohemopoietic cells in restoration of neonatally thymectomized mice.

Immunological restoration of 45-day old, neonatally thymectomized C3Hf mice by treatment with humoral thymic function (thymoma grafts, thymus or thymoma in diffusion chambers) ranges from 0 to 12% and is difficult to acheive. When small numbers (5–20 x 106) of young adult lymphohemopoietic cells, ineffective by themselves, are given in association with humoral thymic function, a cooperative effect is observed and restoration ranges from 30 to 60%. With a particular cell dosage (20 x 106), effectivity for cooperation with thymic function was the following in decreasing order: spleen, lymph nodes, thoracic duct cells, bone marrow, blood leukocytes, thymus, and Peyer's patch cells. Comparable results were obtained using spleen, thymus, and hemopoietic liver from newborn donors in association with thymic function. For similar cell dosages, newborn thymus cells were more effective than adult thymus in their cooperative effect with thymic function. Dispersed thymus cells in association with young adult bone marrow or newborn hemopoietic liver cells showed no synergism for the cooperative effect with thymic function in the present model. Using hemiallogeneic cells (F1 hybrid into parent) it was possible to show that restoration was mediated by proliferative expansion of the injected cells. This was indicated by specific tolerance to tissues of the other parental strain and by cellular chimerism, especially of lymphoid tissues, as indicated by chromosome markers and absence of significant numbers of immunocompetent cells of host origin. A population of paritally differentiated cells of hemopoietic origin, termed postthymic, sensitive to humoral activity of the thymus and present in the lymphohemopoietic tissues of adult and newborn mice is postulated to explain our results. These cells are postthymic and thymus dependent in the sense that they already received thymic influence, probably through traffic, and are incapable of self-renewal in absence of the thymus. Sensitivity to humoral activity of the thymus is characterized by proliferative expansion and/or a differentiative process eventually leading to larger numbers of competent cells.
Subarachnoid catheter placement after wet tap for analgesia in labor: influence on the risk of headache in obstetric patients.

Background and Objectives The incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) after epidural wet tap for obstetric patients may be as high as 75%. We have studied how subsequent placement of a subarachnoid catheter immediately after confirmation of a wet tap, and leaving the catheter in place for 24 hours affects the incidence of PDPH. Methods Over a 5-year interval, 115 consecutive patients who had unintentional dural puncture were divided into 3 groups by consecutive assignment. Group A had an epidural catheter placed at another interspace. Group B had a subarachnoid catheter placed for labor analgesia that was removed immediately after delivery. Group C had a subarachnoid catheter that was left in place for 24 hours after delivery. Data were collected retrospectively. The incidence of PDPH and blood patch was compared between groups. Results The overall incidence of PDPH was 46.9% and need for blood patch 36.5%, significantly less in both subarachnoid catheter groups, 31% in B and 3% in group C, compared with group A (PDPH 81%) (P Conclusion Subarachnoid catheter placement after wet tap in obstetric patients reduces the PDPH rate and does so to a greater extent if left in place for 24 hours after delivery.
‘Racist!’: Metapragmatic regimentation of racist discourse by Asian American youth

This study illustrates how Asian American youth participate in the ongoing formation of linguistic and racial ideologies in the USA through the metapragmatic regimentation of racist discourse (Silverstein, 1993). After presenting examples of crying ‘racist’ in US politics and entertainment, this article examines ethnographic and discourse data in which Korean American boys ‘decode’ (Hill, 2009) certain uses of the term ‘black’ as ‘racist’.The analysis illustrates how the regimentation of racist discourse relies on the indexical construal of broader oppositions that link ‘black’ to negative racialized qualities, including deviance, violence, and insults. This article argues that ‘racist’ cries by Asian American youth challenge language ideologies of referentialism and personalism and racial ideologies of colorblindness and postrace. Crying ‘racist’ becomes a rich resource for achieving a number of interactional effects that renegotiate the position of Asian American youth with respect to the range of racia...
Phosphorylation of the Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Protein Mediates Transforming Growth Factor β-Induced Downregulation of Cyclin A in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), a multifunctional cytokine associated with vascular injury, is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. The current results demonstrate that the TGFbeta-induced growth arrest of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is associated with cyclin A downregulation. TGFbeta represses the cyclin A gene through a cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element, which complexes with the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). The CREB-cyclin A promoter interaction is hindered by TGFbeta, preceded by a TGFbeta receptor-dependent CREB phosphorylation. Induction of CREB phosphorylation with forskolin or 6bnz-cAMP mimics TGFbeta's inhibitory effect on cyclin A expression. Conversely, inhibition of CREB phosphorylation with a CREB mutant in which the phosphorylation site at serine 133 was changed to alanine (CREB-S133A) upregulated cyclin A gene expression. Furthermore, the CREB-S133A mutant abolished TGFbeta-induced CREB phosphorylation, cyclin A downregulation, and growth inhibition. Since we have previously shown that the novel PKC isoform protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) is activated by TGFbeta in VSMCs, we tested the role of this kinase in CREB phosphorylation and cyclin A downregulation. Inhibition of PKCdelta by a dominant-negative mutant or by targeted gene deletion blocked TGFbeta-induced CREB phosphorylation and cyclin A downregulation. Taken together, our data indicate that phosphorylation of CREB stimulated by TGFbeta is a critical step leading to the inhibition of cyclin A expression and, thus, VSMC proliferation.
Hyponatraemia associated with psychotropic medications: A review of the literature and spontaneous reports

Psychotropic medication-induced hyponatraemia is an uncommon but important clinical problem with potential serious consequences if not recognised and treated early. Several risk factors have been associated with the development of hyponatraemia. This article reviews reported cases of hyponatraemia associated with the use of psychotropic medications and evaluates possible risk factors and causes. The data were sourced by a search of Medline for reports of hyponatraemia associated with the use of psychotropic medication between January 1966 and December 2000 and a search of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) spontaneous reporting system database between January 1966 and December 1999. All the reports were included in this review. In the case reports the following data were assessed: age, gender, daily dosage, days to onset, days to recovery, medical condition, concurrent medications. Several risk factors were identified: advanced age, female gender, use of other medications, medical comorbidity. The risk of hyponatraemia was found to be higher during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Administration of the dosage of the drug was not found to be related to the development of hyponatraemia. Hyponatraemia can cause confusion, agitation and lethargy. Any change in the course of illness should alert the physician to the possibility of hyponatraemia.
Power, perception, and adaptation: Exploring gender and social–environmental risk perception in northern Guanajuato, Mexico

Abstract This paper examines how gender relations within rural communities in north-central Mexico affect women’s perceptions of and responses to environmental and social risks. Several studies currently exist which suggest various reasons as to how people especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change perceive their risks, and how this influences their responses. In this paper, I take a feminist approach to questions of social–environmental risks and adaptation to argue that risk perception is tightly linked to knowledge production, and knowledge production is a power-laden process involving the constant negotiation of resources, responsibilities and knowledge. I base this argument on the results of fieldwork conducted from September 2009 to May 2010 with women residents of two ejidos in northern Guanajuato, Mexico. In drawing from feminist political ecology studies, I intend to show how gender, environmental knowledge, risk perception and thus, adaptation are constituted by and embedded in social relations of power.
Simulation-based optimization of in-stream structures design: J-hook vanes

ABSTRACTJ-hook vanes are geometrically complex rock structures that are used extensively in stream and river restoration. We employ the St Anthony Falls Laboratory Virtual StreamLab (VSL3D) code to elucidate the flow and transport phenomena induced by such structures in large rivers and develop design guidelines based on this physical understanding. The unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes module of the VSL3D model with the k – ω closure is used to carry out coupled hydro-morphodynamic simulations in waterways with complex hydraulic structures. We construct two virtual river geometries, representative of gravel and sand-bed rivers in nature, and employ them for developing design guidelines for J-hook vanes. We systematically simulate numerous arrangements of J-hook vanes to understand physical mechanisms via which such structures modify turbulent flow and sediment transport processes depending on river environment and structure layout. The resulting physical insights are then distilled into a set of p...
Reduction in impulse noise-induced permanent threshold shift with intracochlear application of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor.

Background: Toxic levels of reactive oxygen species are key contributors to the lesion of dead outer hair cells (OHCs) seen in the cochlea after noise exposure. The current study follows previous work in which paraquat was used to demonstrate that NADPH oxidase is active in the cochlea and can contribute to cochlear reactive oxygen species formation and hair cell loss. Purpose: The current study was undertaken to test whether pharmacological blockade of NADPH oxidase in the cochlea would lead to reduced noise-induced hearing loss and OHC death. Study Sample: A total of 18 chinchillas (36 ears) were assessed in the study. Intervention: AEBSF (4-[2-aminoethyl]benzenesulfonyl fluoride), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activation, was dissolved in distilled water and delivered into the cochlea via diffusion across the round window membrane. The contralateral ears received distilled water as a vehicle control. Following treatment, chinchillas were exposed to one of two noises: a 4 kHz octave band noise at 106 dB SPL for 6 hr or an impulse noise that consisted of 75 pairs of 155 dB pSPL impulses. Data Collection and Analysis: Pre– and post–noise exposure, thresholds of the auditory brainstem response at 2–8 kHz were measured. Postmortem OHC counts were conducted at the conclusion of the study. Two- and three-factor ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis of the OHC losses and ABR threshold shifts induced by the noise exposures. Results: Permanent threshold shift from the impulse noise was reduced in the ears treated with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, but no differences were found in the groups exposed to the continuous noise. OHC losses were not statistically different between the treated and untreated ears for either noise exposure. Conclusions: The results suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide has a role in cochlear damage from impulse noise, and pharmacologic inhibition of NADPH oxidase can reduce cochlear susceptibility to noise damage. The lack of protection from the longer-duration continuous noise can be attributed to a number of possibilities related to dose level and delivery schedule.
Electronically Driven Amorphization in Phase-Change In2Se3 Nanowires

We show that the amorphization process in phase-change In2Se3 nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition can be driven by electronic effects and does not require the conventional thermal melt-quench process. In particular, using transmission electron microscopy, in situ single-nanowire Raman spectroscopy, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, and finite-element simulations, we demonstrate that the electronic amorphization can be achieved under optical excitations at temperatures far below the thermal melting point. The mechanism of this electronic amorphization is likely related to the presence of atomic bonds with different strengths in the crystalline phase In2Se3 and the weakening of the weaker bonds by nonequilibrium electrons. Our findings suggest that In2Se3 is a promising candidate for phase-change memory applications, with potential advantages including energy-efficient memory switching due to the electronic amorphization process and highly stable data storage as a result of a high melting point com...
Stalin and Beneš at the End of September 1938: New Evidence from the Prague Archives

At the height of World War II, General Wfadyslaw Sikorski visited Dr. Edvard Benes at his London residence. The Polish prime minister warned the Czechoslovak president that if the Red Army were to occupy central Europe it would impose communist governments there. Benes conceded that this was so but he added that there was nothing they could do about it. Sikorski continued pressing Benes: "Why are you so friendly with the Soviets?" he demanded. He then invited the president to harmonize his foreign policy with that of the democracies. Benes replied that he was unable to share Sikorski's confidence in the west for the simple reason that he had experienced the horror of Munich. "What partitions of Poland mean for the Poles, that is what Munich is for us," said Benes forcefully.
Building capital through bioregional planning and biosphere reserves

The need to implement innovative approaches to sustainability is now more critical than ever. This discussion draws on parts of the puzzle that must be assembled to achieve integrated, cross-tenure and jurisdictional management of whole regions and their peoples for a sustainable future. A regional, landscape ecology approach helps us to move on from theory and historical lessons to boldly design and adaptively develop novel on-ground models. To take an entirely differ- ent approach from conventional thinking, I draw from Common Property Resource (CPR) theory and experience, together with practical experience from the Bookmark Biosphere project. The character- istics of successful enduring Common Property regimes are identified and discussed in light of criti- cal needs to maintain and restore social and ecological capital. I then highlight the concepts and logistical objectives behind the 30-year-old UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Program, which appears to have great potential as an operational framework within which these changes can be made. The Biosphere Reserve Program is maturing through integration of cultural needs and aspirations for quality of life, while conserving natural values and ecosystem processes. In particular, progress is being made through bioregional planning and management incorporating a variety of IUCN pro- tected area types with novel, sustainable, resource-use diversification. The novel arrangements, experience and lessons from one developing model, Bookmark Biosphere Reserve in South Australia, are described as an example. I wish to encourage more models like the Bookmark experiment to evolve through even greater creativity and engagement with public and private partners. On-ground models that demonstrate innovative alternative land use management in the rangelands or integra- tion across the coastal-marine interface are especially needed.
Assessing the effectiveness of drywells as tools for stormwater management and aquifer recharge and their groundwater contamination potential

Drywells are gravity-fed, excavated pits with perforated casings used to facilitate stormwater infiltration and groundwater recharge in areas where drainage and diversion of storm flows is problematic. Historically, drywells have predominantly been used as a form of stormwater management in locations that receive high volumes of precipitation; however the use of drywells is increasingly being evaluated as a method to supplement groundwater recharge, especially in areas facing severe drought. Studies have shown that drywells can be an effective means to increase recharge to aquifers; however, the potential for groundwater contamination caused by polluted stormwater runoff bypassing transport through surface soil and near surface sediment has prevented more widespread use of drywells as a recharge mechanism. Numerous studies have shown that groundwater and drinking water contamination from drywells can be avoided if drywells are used in appropriate locations and properly maintained. The effectiveness of drywells for aquifer recharge depends on the hydrogeologic setting and land use surrounding a site, as well as influent stormwater quantity and quality. These parameters may be informed for a specific drywell site through geologic and hydrologic characterization and adequate monitoring of stormwater and groundwater quality.
Behavior Management in the Preschool Years

The preschool years are a time of great change in the lives of normally developing youngsters. During this time of rapid development, parents report a number of common problems related to toilet training, fears, sleeping, bad habits, noncompliance, and aggression (Schroeder, Gordon, & Hawk, 1983). It comes as no surprise that children with autism exhibit similar sorts of behavior difficulties which tend to be exacerbated by the social, cognitive, and language deficits that characterize this disorder. In addition, they exhibit behavior problems, such as poor play skills and lack of initiative, more directly related to their specific handicap.
Fighting for funding: Values advocacy and Planned Parenthood’s right-to-life

Abstract This study employs a rhetorical analysis of Planned Parenthood’s rhetoric in response to the crisis emerging from the release of controversial videos by the Center for Medical Progress. Using Bostdorff and Vibbert’s concept of values advocacy and Heath’s discussion of external rhetoric, we examine how Planned Parenthood appeals to core American values through social media in order to enhance its image and reinforce its legitimacy. The values of truth, health, agency, education, unity, and equality are ubiquitous throughout Planned Parenthood’s strategic communication with the public. This research contributes to ongoing academic discussions of the theoretical and practical implications of external rhetoric, values advocacy, and legitimacy in public relations.
Management of a Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma of the kidney with Kasabach-Meritt phenomenon without chemotherapy

Abstract Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a benign vascular tumour. While it is not associated with distant spread, it can be locally aggressive and associated with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS). There were only 2 prior reports of KHE isolated to the kidney, with both having been managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We present a case report of renal KHE in a paediatric patient managed instead with upfront surgical resection, and discuss the close interdisciplinary diagnostic and management approach undertaken to facilitate this, and the considerations in the approach.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boryl Iodides Catalyze Insertion Reactions of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes and Diazoesters.

Boron–hydrogen bond insertion reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes and diazoesters can be catalyzed by NHC-boryl iodides and produce stable α-NHC-boryl esters. The conditions of the reaction resemble the previous rhodium-catalyzed transformations (only the catalyst is different); however, the mechanisms of the two reactions are probably very different. The new boryl iodide catalyzed method is adept at producing α-substituted-α-NHC-boryl esters, and this has led to a family of NHC-boryl esters with amino acid and amino-acid-like side chains.
Some Effects of Pollutants in Terrestrial Ecosystems

As practical biologists, we know that the terrestrial ecosystem is resilient. Minor episodes of pollution are soon corrected or compensated for if nature is given a chance. We know that there is no single, simple balance of nature to be upset. There are many balances, and they shift constantly as summer changes to winter, as drought follows flood, and as erosion follows fire. Among the most powerful factors are our own work: cultivation, exploitation, and construction. Pollution, therefore, is just one factor.
Invariant random subgroups of inductive limits of finite alternating groups

Abstract We classify the ergodic invariant random subgroups of inductive limits of finite alternating groups.