cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of copper hydroxide sprays for citrus canker control on wild-type Escherichia coli

Aims: To show that application of copper hydroxide citrus sprays mixed with field source water (possibly contaminated) will not support Escherichia coli on plant surfaces. Environmental stresses of transient phyllosphere bacteria and presence of copper will eradicate these bacteria before harvest. Methods and Results: Studies were performed in vitro with bacteria grown in broth and then subjected to field spray copper hydroxide concentrations in the broth and on citrus leaves. Escherichia coli exposed to copper hydroxide in vitro were eradicated from the broth within 6–8 h depending on the broth pH. Even with near neutral pH (7·2), cells began to die immediately after exposure to copper. No E. coli survived on leaf surfaces sprayed with copper. Conclusions: Copper field sprays mixed with water that may contain E. coli can help eliminate E. coli from plant surfaces. Significance and Impact of the Study: HACCP mandates are becoming more restrictive because of the increased illness resulting from food pathogens on fresh produce. Use of potable water in fields, a proposed mandate, is not feasible for large grove owners. These data show that copper sprays aimed at reducing citrus canker also affect E. coli and may help to ease water quality mandates.
Third cluster coefficient for square well discs

In this note we present selected formalism and results of a full scale hyper-spherical calculation of the quantum statistical mechanical 3-body cluster.
Deterministic construction of an approximate M-ellipsoid and its applications to derandomizing lattice algorithms

We give a deterministic O(logn)n-time and space algorithm for the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) of a lattice under any norm, improving on the previous best deterministic nO(n)-time algorithms for general norms. This approaches the 2O(n)-time and space complexity of the randomized sieve based SVP algorithms (Arvind and Joglekar, FSTTCS 2008), first introduced by Ajtai, Kumar and Sivakumar (STOC 2001) for l2-SVP, and the M-ellipsoid covering based SVP algorithm of Dadush et al. (FOCS 2011).Here we continue with the covering approach of Dadush et al., and our main technical contribution is a deterministic approximation of an M-ellipsoid for any convex body. To achieve this we exchange the M-position of a convex body by a related position, known as the minimal mean width position of the polar body. We reduce the task of computing this position to solving a semi-definite program whose objective is a certain Gaussian expectation, which we show can be approximated deterministically.
Sexual orientation and substance use trajectories in emerging adulthood

Aims The current study examined developmental changes in substance use behaviors (SUBS) based upon sexual orientation. The analyses also attempted to address a number of methodological limitations in the extant longitudinal literature (i.e. distinct operationalizations of sexual orientation, timing of sexual orientation assessment with respect to reports of SUBs, non-linear growth). Participants Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of incoming first-time college students at a large public university (n = 3720). Design After a paper-and-pencil assessment just prior to matriculation, participants completed a web-based survey every fall and spring for 4 years (sub-sample n = 2854). Findings Latent growth models revealed that sexual minorities demonstrated significant heterogeneity with regard to substance use trajectories. Initial levels and trajectories of the frequency of substance use for sexual minority individuals were distinct, generally, from their exclusively heterosexual peers. Methodologically, the timing of the assessment of sexual orientation influenced the results, and modeling non-linear components indicated that sexual minorities are at risk for exponential increases in their frequency of certain SUBs over time (i.e. drunkenness; cannabis use). Conclusions Sexual minority and majority individuals exhibited differences in SUBs during emerging adulthood, especially when using self-identification to define sexual orientation. Individuals who endorsed a sexual minority self-identification at the onset of emerging adulthood, as opposed to 4 years later, evidenced exponential increases in rates of drunkenness and cannabis use. These results support that the timing of assessment is important and that some trajectories of sexual minority SUBs are non-linear during this developmental period.
Japan's Agenda for Asian Regionalism: Industrial Harmonization, Not Free Trade

(2004). Japan's Agenda for Asian Regionalism: Industrial Harmonization, Not Free Trade. Japanese Economy: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 86-97.
The economic impact of a recession on nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures

2127 Objectives The economic recession that recently impacted the United States has also affected the communities of Central Wisconsin. There appears to be a decline in the number of patient’s undergoing nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures, specifically at St. Joseph’s Hospital. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the economy on the quantity of specific nuclear medicine procedures performed. Methods This study evaluated statistical data collected by St. Joseph’s Hospital and the immediate surrounding counties from January 2008 to November 2009. Graphical analysis was used to assess the relationship between the unemployment rate and the number of nuclear medicine procedures completed. Specifically, myocardial perfusion, general bone, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) procedure trends were observed. Results A direct association between these specified procedures and the economy can be hypothesized, assuming unemployment rates are indicative of an economic recession. General bone procedures demonstrate a consistent decline, which is a trend that was present before the “economic recession.” Both myocardial perfusion and PET/CT procedures show a decrease in the number of outpatient procedures with a slight increase in the number of inpatient procedures completed. Conclusions The myocardial perfusion and PET/CT outpatient procedures demonstrate a positive correlation with the economic decline, while the same inpatient procedures do not. General bone procedures also appear to have no correlation with the economy
The fatty acid pattern of central myelin lipids after transplacental intoxication. by ethylnitrosourea

Porton mice were used in the experiments. Pregnant animals were injected intravenously with a single dose of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The poison was administered at the 15th day of pregnancy. The cerebral myelin of offsprings of the intoxicated mothers was examined with respect to the fatty acid spectrum of myelin lipids. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: The fatty acid pattern of the individual myelin lipid fractions has revealed significant differences between the normal myelin and that isolated from brains of mice that had been subjected to transplacental intoxication by ENU. Transplacental intoxication by ENU has not only a carcinogenic effect on the central nervous system, but it obviously also affects the lipid metabolism of membraneous structures of the developing brain. ENU when acting during foetal life induces the formation of deviated myelin, that differs significantly with respect to its lipid and fatty acid composition from that of normally developing animals.
Immunological and cytogenetic studies in two cases of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Burkitt's type)

Abstract Immunological and cytogenetic studies were performed on two patients who presented with L-3 acute lymphocytic leukemia (Burkitt-type). Surface marker studies showed that both had B-cell leukemias. The blast cells in Case 1 expressed monoclonal IgM κ surface immunoglobulin and in Case 2, IgG κ. In the first case, cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow revealed the presence of a rare variant translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 2 and the long arm of chromosome 8 in all the metaphases examined. This is the second report of such a translocation in Burkitt's leukemia. The 8;14 translocation reported in classical Burkitt's lymphoma and other B-cell lymphomas was present in all the bone marrow metaphases in the second case.
One dimensional melt subjected to rapid quench

Abstract A melt is represented by a one dimensional lattice containing atoms and vacant sites. Only atoms on adjacent sites are able to interact. The jumping frequencies and coupling parameters are made reasonably time dependent through the dependence of temperature on time. Then the time dependence of the pair correlation function, as the melt is quenched, is computed by a kinetic method which leads to the correct equilibrium description of the correlation function. The development of correlation is influenced by both the “squeezing out” of free volume from clusters as they form as the melt is cooled and in the reduction of overall free volume (decrease in the fraction of vacancies). We are only able to treat the first effect directly. However, by comparing systems with different constant vacancy contents we can form some idea of the second effect. As expected, correlation develops more easily, on cooling, when there is more free volume. The effect of jumping frequency activation energy is also examined. These results should be of conceptual use in rapid solidification processes.
Detection of lipid-derived aldehydes and aldehyde :protein adducts in vitro and in beef

Aldehyde lipid oxidation products and protein:aldehyde adducts were detected in vitro and in stored ground beef. Propional, pentenal, hexanal and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were the primary aldehydes formed during lipid oxidation. The 4-HNE concentration was higher in 1,2-dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) exposed to Mb than to AAPH (P L'oxydation lipidique engendre la formation d'aldehydes secondaires. Dans cette etude, des aldehydes produits par oxydation lipidique et des composes d'addition aldehyde:proteine sont detectes in vitro et dans de la viande de boeuf hachee. Des concentrations elevees en α-tocopherol dans des liposomes ou des microsomes reduit la production d'aldehydes d'oxydation. Les resultats montrent que ces aldehydes peuvent former des produits d'addition avec des proteines, ce qui peut avoir des implications sur la stabilite et la fonctionnalite de celles-ci.
Structure−Property Relationships in Porous 3D Nanostructures as a Function of Preparation Conditions: Isocyanate Cross-Linked Silica Aerogels

Sol−gel-derived silica aerogels are attractive candidates for many unique thermal, optical, catalytic, and chemical applications because of their low density and high mesoporosity. However, their i...
Performance limitations of an inertial aircraft lateral guidance system subject to random gusts

Inertial aircraft lateral guidance system limitations in stochastic gust environment, comparing configurations using aileron or differential spoilers
Topographical relationships between arcuate fasciculus connectivity and cortical thickness

The arcuate fasciculus (AF) connects cortical regions important in language processing, but how fiber coherence and organization relates to gray matter macrostructure remains uncharacterized. We used high-resolution structural and 30-direction diffusion imaging data from 36 healthy adults (24 male/12 female; mean age: 30.5±9.8 years) to establish the relationships between AF microstructure and regional variations in cortical gray matter within language networks. Cortical pattern matching algorithms were used to measure gray matter thickness at high spatial density, and a validated diffusion tractography method was used to reconstruct the AF in the left and right hemisphere of each subject. Relationships between imaging measures and neuropsychological scores of verbal fluency were additionally assessed. Results revealed positive and highly topographical associations between arcuate fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness within anterior and posterior language regions and surrounding cortices, more prominently in the left hemisphere. These regional cortical thickness/fractional anisotropy relationships were primarily attributable to variations in radial diffusivity. Associations between cortical thickness and verbal fluency were observed in perisylvian language-related regions. Language scores associated with left hemisphere AF axial diffusivity, but not with AF fractional anisotropy or radial diffusivity. These findings thus suggest that particular components of white matter microstructure and regional increases in cortical thickness benefit aspects of language processing. Further, the topographical relationships between independent measures of white matter and gray matter integrity suggest that rich developmental or environmental interactions influence brain structure and function where the presence and strength of such associations may elucidate pathophysiological processes influencing language systems.
Antibodies against nuclear poly(A) polymerases in rheumatic autoimmune diseases

Sera from 53 patients, 26 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 8 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 9 with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and 10 with scleroderma (Scl), were screened for the presence of antibodies against liver-type poly(A) polymerase and tumor-type poly(A) polymerase. Sixty percent of the patients with the above four autoimmune diseases have antibodies directed against liver poly(A) polymerase, whereas sera from 74% of the patients contained anti-hepatoma poly(A) polymerase antibodies. About 25% of the patients produced antibodies exclusively against the tumor poly(A) polymerase. IgG containing anti-liver or anti-tumor poly(A) polymerase antibodies inhibited the activity of the respective enzyme. IgG containing antibodies against liver and tumor enzymes inhibited the activity of both enzymes, whereas IgG from sera that did not react with poly(A) polymerase had no effect on either enzyme. These data demonstrated the specificity of these autoantibodies and confirmed the results of the radioimmunoassay.
State-to-state reactive scattering of F+H2 in supersonic jets: Nascent rovibrational HF(v,J) distributions via direct IR laser absorption

Pulsed discharge sources of supersonically cooled F radicals have been crossed with supersonically cooled H2 to study the F(2P3/2,2P1/2)+H2→HF(v,J)+H reaction under single collision conditions with a collision energy of 1.8(2) kcal/mol. The HF(v,J) product states are probed via direct absorption of a single mode, tunable near IR laser perpendicular to the plane of intersection of the two jet axes. The high spectral resolution (Δν≈0.0001 cm−1)permits the quantum state HF(v,J)distribution to be determined with complete resolution of final rovibrational levels. The J-dependent integral cross sections for HF(v=3,J) are compared with exact quantum scattering calculations by Castillo and Manolopoulous on the ground adiabatic potential energy surface of Stark and Werner. Agreement between theory and experiment is quite good for low J (<3) states. However, theory substantially underpredicts the experimental distributions for high J(⩾3) states near the energetic cutoff for ground spin orbit state F(2P3/2)atoms, wh...
Mapping cylinders of Hilbert cube factors

Abstract It is shown that the class of Hilbert cube factors is closed under the operation of taking mapping cylinders and that the collapse-to-base of any such mapping cylinder generates in the “natural” way a uniform limit of homomorphisms between Hilbert cubes. From this is deduced as a corollary that the Cartesian product with X of any locally finite CW-complex is always an X -manifold if X is either the Hilbert cube or Hilbert space and that the countably infinite Cartesian product of non-degenerate, contractible, compact CW-complexes is always a Hilbert cube.
Digital image processing of flow visualization photographs

This paper is concerned with the propagation of laser light through a slab of a randomly varying medium. A theoretical analysis is presented which relates the spectrum of the recorded-intensity field some distance downstream of the medium to the spectrum of the index-of-refraction field. For a homogeneous and isotropic random field, the 3-D spectrum of the medium is obtained from the 2-D spectrum of the photograph by dividing each component of the spectrum by the frequency raised to the fourth power. Free-space propagation outside the random medium is accounted for by a scaling factor. Experimental results are presented which support the theoretical analysis. The nonintrusive diagnostic technique presented here is applicable to photographs which contain partially developed caustic networks.
Pancreatic islets of variable size - insulin secretion and glucose utilization

Glucose metabolism and insulin secretion were studied in isolated rat pancreatic islets of different sizes and the amount of tissue was quantitated by the measurement of DNA. It was found that larger islets (140-210 ng DNA/islet) utilized more glucose (based on the conversion of 3H-5-glucose to [3H]20) per ng of DNA than islets containing less DNA (60-120 ng/islet). However, the insulin secreted per ng of DNA in response to a given glucose concentration was the same in islets of all sizes. Also, the islet insulin and glucagon content when expressed in terms of DNA did not depend upon islet size. Thus, although glucose utilization rates expressed as a function of islet DNA content were greater in larger islets, no such relationship was found for glucose-induced insulin release or insulin and glucagon content.
Chemiluminescence mapping: pressure-pulse results for H(D) + F2 → HF(DF) + F

Abstract Nascent vibrational energy distributions (NVED) for HFυ(DFυ) from the reaction H(D) + F2 have been experimentally observed using the pressure-pulsed chemiluminescence mapping (CM PP) technique. Both reactions generate unimodal NVED peaking at υ = 6 and 10 for HFυ and DFυ, respectively. These NVED results are in agreement with other steady-state chemiluminescent techniques and not with earlier CM results. Collisional and radiative relaxation were reduced by decreasing reactant flow rates; observation volume, observation time and shorter dwell times account for this difference. Under the conditions of these experiments there are insufficient ions produced by the atomic source for analogous ion-molecule reactions to be competitive with the reported reactions.
Vibrations of straight and curved composite beams: A review

Abstract Laminated composite straight and curved beams are frequently used in various engineering applications. This work attempts to review most of the research done in recent years (1989–2012) on the vibration analysis of composite beams. This review is conducted with emphasis given to the theory being applied (thin, thick, layerwise), methods for solving equations (finite element analysis, differential transform and others) experimental methods, smart beams (piezoelectric or shape memory), complicating effects in both material and structure (viscoelastic, rotating, tip mass and others) and other areas that have been considered in research. A simple classic and shear deformation model would be explained that can be used for beams with any laminate.
Reaction of flowing steam with the refractory metals niobium and tantalum

Abstract The reaction of niobium and tantalum with steam at elevated temperatures has been investigated. Niobium obeyed linear kinetics over the temperature range 1050°–1500°C after a brief induction period; the oxide was identified as β-Nb 2 O 5 . Tantalum, on the other hand, followed a paralinear rate law at temperatures from 950° to 1300°C with the initial parabolic rate of reaction being followed by transition to a linear rate. The parabolic portion can be represented by a linear Arrhenius plot while the linear portion does not follow an Arrhenius relationship. Tantalum forms β-Ta 2 O 5 and, as the transition to α-Ta 2 O 5 takes place around 1300°C, the reaction becomes too rapid to measure.
Numerical approximation of solutions of a nonlinear inverse problem arising in olfaction experimentation

Identification of detailed features of neuronal systems is an important challenge in the biosciences today. Cilia are long thin structures that extend from the olfactory receptor neurons into the nasal mucus. Transduction of an odor into an electrical signal occurs in the membranes of the cilia. The cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels which reside in the ciliary membrane and are activated by adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) allow a depolarizing influx of Ca^2^+ and Na^+ and are thought to initiate the electrical signal. In this paper, a mathematical model consisting of two nonlinear differential equations and a constrained Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is developed to model experiments involving the diffusion of cAMP into cilia and the resulting electrical activity. The unknowns in the problem are the concentration of cAMP, the membrane potential and, the quantity of most interest in this work, the distribution of CNG channels along the length of a cilium. A simple numerical method is derived that can be used to obtain estimates of the spatial distribution of CNG ion channels along the length of a cilium. Certain computations indicate that this mathematical problem is ill-conditioned.
Comparison of cavitation erosion test results from venturi and vibratory facilities

Abstract A detailed comparison of cavitation erosion performance in tap water for five alloys in a vibratory (no-flow) system and a Venturi (flow) system was made. The effects of temperature variation (80 – 200 °F), Venturi throat velocity (34 – 49 m s−1) and vibratory horn double amplitude were studied. Correlations between maximum erosion rate (maximum mean depth of penetration rate (MDPRmax)) and incubation period IP, and the material mechanical properties Brinell hardness and ultimate resilience UR = UTS 2 2E . (where UTS is the ultimate tensile strength and E is the elastic modulus), were examined. Only moderate success was achieved in correlations between “erosion resistance” MDPRmax−1 and IP and these mechanical properties. However, a good correlation was found between MDPRmax and IP, pertinent to both facilities, of the form MDPRmax−1 = aIPn, where n is near unity (0.94). The cavitation intensity, as measured by MDPRmax, was found to be 10–20 times greater in the vibratory system, depending on horn amplitude and material. This ratio varies between 5 and 30 if individual materials are considered separately, being greatest for 1018 carbon steel and least for 316 stainless steel. This indicates the important differences in form between these cavitating regimes and the imprecision of material comparisons made in both regimes.
Congruence and conjunctivity of matrices to their adjoints

Abstract Every square matrix over a field F is involutorily congruent over F to its transpose, and hence each such matrix is the product of a symmetric matrix and an involutory matrix over F . In the usual complex case every matrix which is conjunctive with its adjoint (=conjugate-transpose) is involutorily conjunctive with its adjoint and hence is the product of a hermitian matrix and an involutory matrix; furthermore every such matrix is conjunctive with a real matrix. These three conditions on a matrix, (1) being conjunctive with its adjoint, (2) being involutorily conjunctive with its adjoint, and (3) being conjunctive with a real matrix, are studied in the more general context of a field F with involution, and it is shown in general that (3) implies (2), that (2) implies (3) if char F ≠2 (a 2×2 counterexample exists for each F with char F =2), and that (1) does not in general imply (2) (a 2×2 counterexample in the complexification of the rational field is presented). The problem of deciding which matrices satisfy (2) is equivalent (even in this general context) to the problem of deciding which pairs of self-adjoint (“hermitian”) matrices are involutorily conjunctive. For the general 2×2 case, the three conditions are characterized in terms of norms.
Assessment of illumination characteristics of soft x-ray laser-based full-field microscopes

We present a method for the optimization of the illumination in soft x-ray (SXR) full-field microscopes. The method consists of imaging a single periodic grating with a period large compared to the wavelength of the illumination and obtaining its Fourier spectrum in two orthogonal directions. The analysis of the cut-off frequency along the two perpendicular directions allows the identification of angled illumination, which can be corrected in-situ by using the Fourier analysis iteratively. The ability to characterize the illumination conditions and aberrations in the EUV/SXR microscopes with a fast and simple analysis is critical to achieve the best quality images with the highest spatial resolution.
Effects of MDL 72527, a specific inhibitor of polyamine oxidase, on brain edema, ischemic injury volume, and tissue polyamine levels in rats after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion

Abstract The possible effects of the polyamine interconversion pathway on tissue polyamine levels, brain edema formation, and ischemic injury volume were studied by using a selective irreversible inhibitor, MDL 72527, of the interconversion pathway enzyme, polyamine oxidase. In an intraluminal suture occlusion model of middle coerebral artery in spontaneously hypertensive rats, 100 mg/kg MDL 72527 changed the brain edema formation from 85.7 ± 0.3 to 84.5 ± 0.9% in cortex (P < 0.05) and from 79.9 ± 1.7 to 78.4 ± 2.0% in subcortex (difference not significant). Ischemic injury volume was reduced by 22% in the cortex (P < 0.05) and 17% in the subcortex (P < 0.05) after inhibition of polyamine oxidase by MDL 72527. There was an increase in tissue putrescine levels together with a decrease in spermine and spermidine levels at the ischemic site compared with the nonischemic site compared with the nonischemic site after ischemia-reperfusion injury. The increase in putrescine levels at the ischemic cortical and subcortical region was reduced by a mean of 45% with MDL 72527 treatment. These results suggest that the polyamine interconversion pathway has an important role in the postischemic increase ini putrescine levels and that blocking of this pathway can be neuroprotective against neuronal cell damage after temporary focal cerebral ischemia.
Hemodynamics of the transitional aortic arch patterning at a key embryonic stage

Purpose: This study examines the morphologic and hemodynamic changes occurring in the early embryonic aortic arch (AA) vessels. Methods: We applied fluorescent dye microinjection and optical coherence tomography to measure the diameters of the bilateral embryonic chick AAs at stages 18, 21, and 24 (3, 3.5, and 4 days, respectively). Polymeric casts were used to generate 3D models of the AAs at each stage, reconstructed from micro-computed tomography scans. Pulsatile blood flow was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with stage-specific inlet flow based on Doppler ultrasound. Results:We found that the AAs present at stages 18 and 24did not vary from embryo to embryo while the intermediate stage 21 presented with four possible configurations. This variability was associated with increasedwall shear stress (WSS) levels at stage 21 compared to stages 18 and 24, as computed from CFD results. Diameter measurements showed asymmetric growth of AA pair IV, where both laterals increased from stage 18 to 21 while only the right lateral increased from stage 21 to 24 (Pb.05). CFD revealed that the right lateral flow of AA pair IV was more than 1.8 times that of the left lateral at all stages. Regression analysis revealed a quadratic relationship between a change in WSS and a change in AA diameter (P=.002). Conclusions: Our study provides the first comparison between quantitative in vivo data and CFD-predicted hemodynamics of the early embryonic AA. Changes in flow distribution and WSS were associated with increased morphogenetic activity of the stage 21 AAs.
Simple Correction Method for k-Space Trajectory Deviations in MRI

A method is presented to correct for the imperfections of spatial encoding gradients in MRI. The approach is simple and fast, can be performed with standard scanner hardware, and does not require separate measurements with reference phantoms. The new method, using the MR signal to accurately measure the k-space trajectory of the imaging sequence, allows for correction of gradient hardware imperfections and eddy-current effects. Initial measurements are presented which demonstrate the efficacy of the method to correct images acquired with spiral and EPI scan techniques.
Hydroelastic analysis of bodies that enter and exit water

Abstract The entry and exit of flexible bodies through an air–water interface is studied using a tightly coupled fluid–structure interaction solver. The fluid domain is modeled using finite-volume CFD and the flexible structure is represented by a modal basis. The current work uses finite elements to generate the structural mode shapes and frequencies. The modal description allows for a reduction in structural degrees of freedom to reduce computation time. A linearized boundary condition is used on the mutual interface to eliminate mesh deformation. The accuracy of the method is quantified using the constant-velocity-wedge-impact problem. The quality of the fluid solution for the entry and exit problem is evaluated using a rigid wedge case and comparison to Von Karman and Wagner theories. Finally, the response of an elastic wedge during entry and exit is studied with the fluid–structure interaction solver. The results are used to assess two common approximations, namely the rigid-quasi-static and rigid-dynamic approximations. It is shown that for entry and exit, hydroelastic effects may be important for a wide range of loading conditions.
Tunneling Injection Quantum-Dot Lasers

We investigate a tunneling injection InP quantum-dot (QD) laser theoretically and experimentally. The device consists of a single compressively strained InP QD layer coupled closely to two tensile strained InGaP quantum wells (QWs). While most tensile strained QW lasers in this wavelength (red) range lase in the transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization, our QD laser lases in the transverse-electric (TE) polarization from the first excited state of the compressively strained QDs, which is coupled to the ground state of the tensile-strained InGaP QWs. When we measure TE and TM modal gain spectra, a typical QW gain evolution behavior is observed at low injection currents, which can be theoretically explained by the quasi-equilibrium of carrier distribution. When the injection current is increased near threshold, a TE gain narrowing and a simultaneous TM gain pinning are observed in the measured modal gain spectra, which cannot be explained via the quasi-equilibrium model. We propose a polarization-dependent photon-mediated carrier re-distribution in the QD-coupled-QW structure to explain this TE and TM gain evolution behavior. When the injection current is just below threshold, the strong carrier depletion via stimulated emission due to coupling between the InP QD and InGaP QW states plays an important role in carrier re-distribution, which depends on the optical transition energy and polarization. This polarization-dependent photon-mediated carrier re-distribution explains the TE gain narrowing and TM gain pinning behavior. To quantitatively demonstrate the photon-mediated carrier re-distribution near the threshold current, a set of coupled rate equations are solved taking into account the polarization-dependent stimulated emission processes. The calculated polarization power ratio based on the coupled rate equations explains the experimental observations.
Psycholinguistic Training Programs: Are There Differential Treatment Effects?

Abstract The findings of an investigation assessing the differential effects of psycholinguistic training programs are reported. Methodologically, meta‐analysis, the analysis of analyses, was used to determine whether psycholinguistic training programs differentially affect the abilities measured by the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). When findings were integrated by ITPA subtests, ITPA constructs, and salient study features, the training programs were found to differ with respect to improving psycholinguistic abilities. Overall results, however, indicated that the Peabody Language Development Kits (PDLK) were more consistently advantageous than either ITPA related programs or other types of training activities (e.g. structured teaching and perceptual‐motor approaches). These findings were validated in a multiple regression analysis comparing the three intervention methods. It was suggested that the structured and sequential nature of the PDLK was the major factor contributing to its g...
Representation theorems for recursively enumerable sets and a conjecture related to poonen’s large subring of $\bf \mathbb{Q} $

It is remarked that unsolvability results can often be extended to yield novel “representation” theorems for the set of all recursively enumerable sets. In particular, it is shown that an analysis of the proof of the unsolvability of Hilbert’s 10th problem over Poonen’s large subring of $ \mathbb{Q} $ can provide such a theorem. Moreover, applying that theorem to the case of a simple set leads to a conjecture whose truth would imply the unsolvability of Hilbert’s 10th problem over $ \mathbb{Q} $ .
Ultrasonic Sensors For Measuring Regional Ventricular Function

Measurement of systolic wall thickening by sonomicrometry is an accurate index of regional left ventricular (LV) function, but the trauma of crystal inserion precludes its clinical use. We have developed a 4-mm 10 MHz ultrasonic probe which can either be sutured or applied via suction to the epicar-diuui and can measure wall thickening at anv depth of the LV wall. In 18 dogs, the suction probe correlated well (r=0.97) with previously validated sutured probe. To assess clinical feasibility, the probe was applied to the epicardium of 45 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Good wall thickening tracings were obtained with no trauma. Transmural LV thickening fraction prior to bypass surgery was 32 ± 6 % (X ± SEM) at the midventricular lateral wall, 29 ± 5 % at the anterior basal wall and 25 ± 5 % at the midventricular posterior wall. Right ventricular thickening fraction averaged 25 ± 4 %. In general, wall thickening during immediate postoperative period remained unchanged compared to preoperative thickening fraction. Exteriorization of a wire attached to the sutured probe allows in situ monitoring of wall thickening for 48-72 h after surgery and subsequent removal. Thus, this probe is an accurate, atraumatic method for measuring right and LV regional function. Transmural, endocardial and epicardial function can be mapped at various sites during surgery and post-operatively one can follow serial changes of regional function and assess the effects of cardioplegia and other therapeutic interventions.
Spontaneous Hernias in the Axilla of the Turkey

ABSTRACT MANY observations have been made on the respiratory tract of the fowl (Locy and Larsell, 1916; McLeod and Wagers, 1939; Bradley, 1951; Hazelhoff, 1951; Cover, 1953; Sturkie, 1954; and Rigdon et al., 1957). The air sacs in the turkey have been described recently by Rigdon and associates (1957). The different air sacs in the fowl are known by a variety of names. Numerous diverticula, including the axillary, are reported by Sturkie (1954) to arise from the interclavicular air sac of certain species. McLeod and Wagers (1939) describe a large pouch leading from the main sac behind the coracoid bone into the axillary region in the chicken. According to Bradley (1951), the axillary sac in the chicken is a prolongation of the clavicular air sac. Rigdon et al. (1958) found that in the turkey there is a large cavity in the axilla that does not communicate with either the respiratory tract . . .
Using Lecture Transcripts in EAP Lecture Comprehension Courses.

Good lecture comprehension involves the interaction of the following skills: 1) the ability to synthesize discourse in order to extract relevant information, 2) the ability to predict future information, and 3) the ability to relate background knowledge to new information. Many non-native English-speaking students, who are competent listeners in their native languages, are not aware of the conventions and cues which signal important information in lectures delivered in a foreign language. This article will demonstrate how transcripts of academic lectures and pseudo-cloze exercises developed from these transcripts may be used to help foreign students to become aware of the skills involved in the process of listening to lectures. By making cues and conventions salient, these exercises give students confidence in their ability to listen selectively without attending to every word. The article begins with a discussion of several theories of discourse processing and follows with relevant examples of analyzed lecture discourse and suggested exercises for non-native speakers.
Cyclic voltammetric investigation of the reduction of tin(ii) chloride in acetonitrile

Cyclic voltammetric data collected at mercury and platinum electrodes are presented for the reduction of tin(II) chloride in acetonitrile and acetonitrile—tetramethylammonium chloride solutions. The data taken on mercury generally confirm the nature of the electrode processes postulated from polarographic and spectrophotometric data. Voltammetric data taken on platinum suggest the production of a soluble tin species via a le- reduction of the SnCl3 -ion.
172 SEVERITY OF ILLNESS SCORING FOR PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS

Examination of Pediatric intensive care outcomes has been hampered by the absence of a simple retrospective classification of illness severity. Variation in utilization and referral patterns between institutions complicates direct comparison. After modifying the Clinical Classification System (MCCS) to facilitate retrospective review of records, we conducted a historical cohort study of 1651 consecutive PICU admissions at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital. Using criteria present in the first 24 hours, patients were assigned to classes I-IV to reflect increasing severity of illness. The patients ranged in age from 1 day to 20 years of age. Children less than 1 year old represented 39% of the admissions and 44% of the Class IV patients. Mortality in this group was 14.2%. Overall mortality among all ages was 10.3% for all services and 14% for pediatrics. No deaths were observed among the 411 admissions in Classes I and II. The 330 patients in Class III had 1.8% mortality and the 880 Class IV patients had a 16.5% mortality. Cumulative mortality to one year after admission for Class IV children rose to 23.8%. Using logistic regression, analysis of ten variables thought to be associated with outcome revealed that only cardiopulmonary arrest and mechanical ventilation were significantly predictive of death with relative risks of 15.2 and 8.6 respectively. The MCCS appears to be a useful system for the retrospective classification of illness severity among PICU patients.
Relationship among social capital, innovation and performance: a preliminary investigation in India

We investigated the relationships among social capital, innovation, and business performance and collected data from several relatively small size entrepreneurial firms in India. The analysis ended up using a sample of 41. The relationship between firm’s social capital and performance is positive, that is as social capital increases, the performance increases. However this relationship was not significant; and the hypothesis is not supported. The relationship between firm’s innovation and performance is positive; that is, as innovation increases, the performance increases. The hypothesis was supported. The relationship between the firm’s social capital and innovation is curvilinear; that is, the relationship has an inverted ‘∩’ shape.
Reinforcement probability and ordinal position of response in fixed-interval schedules

Four rats pressed levers and received food pellets under fixed-interval reinforcement schedules of 20, 60, and 180 seconds. The number of responses in each interval was recorded. From these data, the probability of reinforcement was determined as a function of response count. These functions were generally increasing. This finding is consistent with previous suggestions that increasing response rates within fixed intervals may be a function of response count in addition to or instead of elapsed or remaining time.
PRACTITIONERS' UNDERSTANDINGS OF SPIRITUALITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION

Over the past 2 decades the topic of spirituality and its relationship to the social work profession has taken its place as a significant and important part of the agenda for social work research, education, and practice. In this article we discuss the results of a qualitative study that addresses how a group of social work practitioners defined spirituality and the implications of these findings specifically for social work education. Based on findings from a thematic analysis of interviews with 20 social workers, we explore the usefulness of the term spirituality in social work education and the importance of student engagement in a self-awareness process related to spirituality. A template to initiate discussion of these issues for use in the classroom is proposed.
Generalized cut-set bounds for networks with collocated messages

This paper considers classical networks with collocated multicast messages and more than three sink nodes. A new class of information-theoretic upper bounds on the achievable rates is established, generalizing the standard cut-set bounds. These new bounds involve three basic cuts of the network and are established only via the submodularity of the entropy function.
Circular Polarization of A 37 Internal Bremstrahlung

The internal bremsstrahlung polarization of Ge/sup 71/ was found to be only 40% of full polarization. The present result for Ar/sup 37/ indicates full positive polarization to within 15%, confirming the surmise that Ge/sup 71/ result was very likely affected by source impurities and multiple scattering, and supporting the full validity of the twocomponent theory. The technique used was similar to that introduced by Schopper and Boehm and Wapstra. (M.H.R.)
Sweeping Flow Heat Transfer With Piezoelectric Fans Over Vertical Flat Surfaces

Piezoelectric fans have been investigated for electronics cooling over the last several decades. The primary usage of these meso scale-vibrating fans has been to create sweeping flows over the heated surfaces. In this paper, an experimental study to understand the heat transfer behavior of a thin piezo fan with 7.5 cm length and 1 cm width has been performed for a range of operating conditions and fan-to-heater distance. Results showed that piezo fans consume very small amount of electrical power in return providing considerable COPs. Heat transfer enhancements were found to be over 12 at the resonance frequencies. Later, attention was turned to comparison of this technology with other meso scale cooling devices such as synthetic jets and rotary fans. Volumetric COP and heat transfer characteristics are compared for a range of conditions.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Midterm Thromboembolic and Bleeding Complications are Minimal After Composite Graft Replacement of the Aortic Root

The rationale for the Ross procedure and for valve-sparing aortic root procedures is predicated on the presumption that traditional composite graft replacement of the aorta and aortic valve will be complicated by late thromboembolism and by warfarin-related bleeding. We evaluated this presumption by determining late followup after composite graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve. One hundred six consecutive patients (21 female, 85 male) underwent composite graft replacement between January 1995 and November 2004. Mean age was 54.5 years. Indication for surgery was chronic aneurysm in 93 patients and acute type A dissection in 13. St. Jude mechanical valve conduit was used in 95 (89.6%) patients (mean size=23 mm, range-19–31 mm), whereas 11 patients (10.4%) received a biological conduit (mean size-23 mm, range-19–27 mm). Warfarin goal for the St. Jude group was INR 1.8–2.2. Hospital mortality was 5.6% (6/106), including stroke 2.8% (3/106) and bleeding 1.8% (2/106). In-hospital morbidity was 12.2% (13/106). With a postoperative followup ranging from 1 to 114 months (mean-44.4), late causes of death were stroke in two patients (2%). Kaplan–Meier curves show five-year postdischarge survival at 97.3% and eight-year survival at 91.2%. Event-free survival was 89.3% at five years followup and 76.2 at eight years. Thromboembolism and bleeding complications were minimal in midterm followup after composite graft replacement. This information renders composite graft replacement relatively more attractive versus the surgical alternatives than previously appreciated.
Optimal stabilization policy at the regional level

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine the feasibility of a regional stabilization policy designed to combat unemployment and depressed levels of output in a highly cyclical region such as the state of Ohio which exhibits the third greatest cyclical sensitivity among the states to US business cycles. An econometric model of Ohio is subjected to a set of macrostatic and macrodynamic decision rules. The results show that the output of Ohio can be increased in a national recession by a choice of instrumental variables, over which state government officials have partial or complete control.
Sad Manganese in Two Crystal Forms of Glucose Isomerase

Glucose isomerase from Streptomyces rubiginosus was crystallized in two forms: I222, with one molecule of 44 kDa in the asymmetric unit, and P2(1)2(1)2, with two unique molecules. The I222 structure is known, but the P2(1)2(1)2 form has not been solved before. X-ray diffraction data for the P2(1)2(1)2 form were collected at a wavelength of 1.54 A and data for the I222 form were collected at three different wavelengths: 1.34, 1.07 and 0.98 A. The amount of anomalous signal from one Mn and eight S atoms in these data sets varies from 1.24% to as low as 0.56%. The dual-space direct-methods program SHELXD, run against the Bijvoet differences, gave a clear solution of all anomalous scatterers for all data sets. The Mn positions only were used for SAD phasing of all four data sets. The electron-density map after density modification, resulting from the phasing of a single-wavelength data set and based purely on the anomalous deltaf" contribution, was clearly interpretable; an almost complete model of the protein was built by wARP without human intervention in all four cases. As far as is known, this is the first time that an anomalous signal as low as 0.6% has successfully been used to determine the structure of a macromolecule.
Stents had similar clinical outcomes but more repeated revascularization than did bypass surgery in multivessel disease

Source Citation Serruys PW, Unger F, Sousa JE, et al., for the Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study Group. Comparison of coronary-artery bypass surgery and stenting for the treatment of multi...