cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bedaquiline for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and QTc prolongation in California.

Abstract Background Bedaquiline (BDQ) is recommended for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), however, it has the potential to prolong QTc interval. We assessed the frequency and severity of QTc prolongation in patients receiving BDQ in California. Methods Based on chart review for patients receiving BDQ as part of MDR TB therapy from January 2013–May 2019, we analyzed QTc values at six pre-specified time points during BDQ therapy (baseline, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks), as well as peak QTc, time to peak QTc, and the clinical characteristics of patients who had QTc elevation >500 milliseconds (ms) during therapy. Results A total of 37 patients were treated with BDQ during the analysis period, with a total of 449 QTc measurements available for analysis. Most patients (89%) received at least one QTc-prolonging drug in addition to BDQ. Median QTc values at all pre-specified time points were 500 ms, including one patient with profound hypokalemia and one receiving concurrent chemotherapy, but none had cardiac arrhythmia. Less than 10% of patient in our cohort had ECGs performed at all six pre-specified time points. Discussion BDQ was generally well-tolerated in a cohort of patients treated for MDR TB in California, with 11% of patients experiencing a non-transient QTc elevation >500 ms, and no episodes of arrhythmia. Frequent ECG monitoring during BDQ therapy presents a challenge for TB clinicians, even in well-resourced countries.
Ready in the face of danger? Investigating preparation, mitigation, and media dependencies amongst those affected by the 2018 California Wildfires.

The current study analyzes information-seeking tendencies, preparation, and mitigation behavior among those impacted by the 2018 Camp Fire and Woolsey Fire in California. Similar to previous work, results suggest that socioeconomic status was a strong positive predictor of having an emergency kit and evacuation plan in place. The internet and television were the two preferred sources of information, while the relative lack of importance of radio, interpersonal communication, and social media runs counter to past research in the area. Implications for emergency management are discussed.
Four Poems From an Insurrection

I present four poems written in response to the U.S. Capitol insurrection. The poems are constructed through fragments of contemporary phrases, words from national anthems and pledges, and word pla...
Galvanically Isolated, Power and Electromagnetic Side-Channel Attack Resilient Secure AES Core with Integrated Charge Pump based Power Management

A galvanic isolation (GI) technique for cryptographic cores is proposed to mitigate power and electromagnetic (EM) sidechannel analysis (SCA) attacks. The design uses deep N-well technology and an integrated charge pump-based power delivery and management to completely isolate V CC , V SS , and substrate nodes from the external supply and ground pins, improving the SCA resilience due to supply as well as ground bounce. Measured results from a 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) core implemented in a 40nm CMOS show $\gt600\mathrm{x}$ and $\gt220\mathrm{x}$ improvement against a correlation power analysis (CPA) and coarse-grained EM SCA attack, respectively, while operating at 20% lower frequency, consuming 2.3x more power, and occupying 0.0136 mm2 larger area.
Heterogenous parental responses to education quality

Are parental inputs complements or substitutes to education quality? Using variation induced by identification into a gifted and talented (GT) program, I find no aggregate effects on parental behav...
Control of subunit stoichiometry in single-chain MspA nanopores

ABSTRACT Transmembrane protein channels enable fast and highly sensitive electrical detection of single molecules. Nanopore sequencing of DNA was achieved using an engineered Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) in combination with a motor enzyme. Due to its favorable channel geometry, the octameric MspA pore exhibits the highest current level as compared to other pore proteins. To date, MspA is the only protein nanopore with a published record of DNA sequencing. While widely used in commercial devices, nanopore sequencing of DNA suffers from significant base-calling errors due to stochastic events of the complex DNA-motor-pore combination and the contribution of up to five nucleotides to the signal at each position. Asymmetric mutations within subunits of the channel protein offer an enormous potential to improve nucleotide resolution and sequencing accuracy. However, random subunit assembly does not allow control of the channel composition of MspA and other oligomeric protein pores. In this study, we showed that it is feasible to convert octameric MspA into a single-chain pore by connecting eight subunits using peptide linkers. We constructed single-chain MspA trimers, pentamers, hexamers and heptamers to demonstrate that it is feasible to alter the subunit stoichiometry and the MspA pore diameter. All single-chain MspA proteins formed functional channels in lipid bilayer experiments. Importantly, we demonstrated that single-chain MspA discriminated all four nucleotides identical to MspA produced from monomers. Thus, single-chain MspA constitutes a new milestone in its development and adaptation as a biosensor for DNA sequencing and many other applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNFICANCE Nanopore sequencing of DNA is a fast and cheap technology that uniquely delivers multi-kilobase reads. It is currently used world-wide in many applications such as genome sequencing, epigenetics, and surveillance of viral and bacterial pathogens and has started to revolutionize human lives in medicine, agriculture and environmental studies. However, the high base-calling error rates prevent nanopore DNA sequencing from reaching its full potential. In this study, we converted octameric MspA into a single-chain pore enabling asymmetric mutations to fine-tune the pore geometry and chemistry and address the shortcomings of nanopores. Thus, single-chain MspA constitutes a new milestone in its development and adaptation as a biosensor for DNA sequencing and many other applications.
Volcano Monitoring with Geodetic and Thermal Remote Sensing Time Series

Volcano monitoring is centered around volcano observatories that rely on local networks of in situ instruments to monitor activity in near-real time. Primary observations include seismicity, surface deformation, and thermal and gas emissions. Satellite remote sensing observations of surface deformation (from interferometric synthetic aperture radar; InSAR) and spectroscopic data are showing increasing potential for volcano monitoring as their availability and quality improve. Here we present new insights we derive from the combination of InSAR and thermal time series on driving models for volcano processes, and their implications for volcano monitoring. We present analyses of three volcanoes: Domuyo (Argentina), Taal (Philippines), and Nevados de Chillan (Chile), whose geodetic time series show a deflation-inflation striking pattern. We discuss the implications of these observations for volcano dynamics at these diverse volcanic systems.
Variability in environmental persistence but not per capita transmission rates of the amphibian chytrid fungus leads to differences in host infection prevalence

Heterogeneities in infections among host populations may arise through differences in environmental conditions through two mechanisms. First, environmental conditions may alter host exposure to pathogens via effects on survival. Second, environmental conditions may alter host susceptibility, making infection more or less likely if contact between a host and pathogen occurs. Further, host susceptibility might be altered through acquired resistance, which hosts can develop, in some systems, through exposure to dead or decaying pathogens and their metabolites. Environmental conditions may alter the rates of pathogen decomposition, influencing the likelihood of hosts developing acquired resistance. The present study primarily tests how environmental context influences the relative contributions of pathogen survival and per capita transmission on host infection prevalence using the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd) as a model system. Secondarily, we evaluate how environmental context influences the decomposition of Bd because previous studies have shown that dead Bd and its metabolites can illicit acquired resistance in hosts. We conducted Bd survival and infection experiments and then fit models to discern how Bd mortality, decomposition and per capita transmission rates vary among water sources [e.g. artificial spring water (ASW) or water from three ponds]. We found that infection prevalence differed among water sources, which was driven by differences in mortality rates of Bd, rather than differences in per capita transmission rates. Bd mortality rates varied among pond water treatments and were lower in ASW compared to pond water. These results suggest that variation in Bd infection dynamics could be a function of environmental factors in waterbodies that result in differences in exposure of hosts to live Bd. In contrast to the persistence of live Bd, we found that the rates of decomposition of dead Bd did not vary among water sources, which may suggest that exposure of hosts to dead Bd or its metabolites might not commonly vary among nearby sites. Ultimately, a mechanistic understanding of the environmental dependence of free-living pathogens could lead to a deeper understanding of the patterns of outbreak heterogeneity, which could inform surveillance and management strategies.
Physical Property Scaling Relationships for Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Polyelectrolyte complex micelles (PCMs) are widely used in the delivery of hydrophilic payloads. Their attractive features include an ability to tune physical attributes, which are strongly dependent on the size and chemical structure of each polymer block. Neutral blocks drive nanoscale phase separation while charged blocks control micelle core size and stability. An understanding of physical property behavior controlled by block size is crucial when designing for use in dynamic or biological environments and provides a greater understanding of the physics of polyelectrolyte assembly. In this work, we use small angle x-ray scattering, and light scattering to determine precise scaling behaviors of physical micelle parameters for commonly used polyelectrolytes. We then compare our results to accumulated published data and theory to show strong agreement, suggesting these laws are universal for PCMs.
Reappraisal—but not Suppression—Tendencies Determine Negativity Bias After Laboratory and Real-World Stress Exposure

Higher reactivity to stress exposure is associated with an increased tendency to appraise ambiguous stimuli as negative. However, it remains unknown whether tendencies to use emotion regulation strategies-such as cognitive reappraisal, which involves altering the meaning or relevance of affective stimuli-can shape individual differences regarding how stress affects perceptions of ambiguity. Here, we examined whether increased reappraisal use is one factor that can determine whether stress exposure induces increased negativity bias. In Study 1, healthy participants (n = 43) rated the valence of emotionally ambiguous (surprised) faces before and after an acute stress or control manipulation and reported reappraisal habits. Increased negativity ratings were milder for stressed individuals that reported more habitual reappraisal use. In Study 2 (n = 97), we extended this investigation to real-world perceived stress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that reappraisal tendency moderates the relationship between perceived stress and increased negativity bias. Collectively, these findings suggest that the propensity to reappraise determines negativity bias when evaluating ambiguity under stress. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00059-5.
Complete remission of tip lesion variant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with the Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib.

A 67-year-old woman with transverse myelitis and seizure disorder secondary to suspected central nervous system (CNS) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis had two episodes of severe nephrotic syndrome 15 years apart. She underwent a renal biopsy in both episodes, showing tip lesion variant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The patient responded both times to prednisone treatment, achieving a complete remission within 2 months in the first episode and remission 4 months in the second episode. A year after her second episode, the patient had a third episode of severe nephrotic syndrome. She achieved an equally rapid complete remission in 3 months without steroid treatment, as she was concomitantly treated with the Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib for a flare of rheumatoid arthritis. This case report suggests that JAK inhibitors may have therapeutic use in FSGS, which is supported by experimental data in the medical literature.
The good old days

Humans are reflective, adaptive, and social. They recall the past, sometimes discuss these recollections with others and become nostalgic; yet, previous research has not examined nostalgia in social media. This paper investigates the expression of nostalgia within Facebook conversations. The specific themes of nostalgic longing and the expression of personal emotions are investigated in two studies. Study 1 examines 375,857 Facebook posts, and Study 2 expands on this by comparing a sample of 10,000 Facebook and 10,000 general (non-nostalgic) posts. Content analyses of these posts reveal significant evidence of nostalgic expressions in Facebook conversations. Cluster analysis reveals newer themes of nostalgic longing related to family, life stories, historical events (presidential elections, man on the moon and Gandhi), spirituality, appreciation of life, romanticism and fun. General posts tend to focus on spontaneous, spur-of-the-moment greetings, emotions, and day of the week. Nostalgic posts, in contrast, are more reflective, more emotional, and frequently include both positive and negative emotions, which is consistent with a deeper, bittersweet character to nostalgia. The concurrent utilization of past- and present-tense words in nostalgic posts suggests that, for some Facebook users, nostalgia helps interpret and navigate present circumstances. The research concludes with theoretical and managerial implications. We identified newer topics of nostalgic longing on Facebook which are more pensive and reflective, indicating deeper levels of cognitive processing than general Facebook posts, which are more "in the moment."Nostalgic reverie on Facebook contains both cognitive reflection and affective reactions.Emotions expressed in Facebook conversations tend toward the positive and often contain mixed emotions, - documenting the bittersweet nature of nostalgia.Nostalgic Facebook posts frequently discuss the past, but also frequently discuss the present. Users frequently compare the past to the present and utilize the past to reflect on the present circumstances of their lives, the nation and society.These findings have managerial implications as well.Companies can segment Facebook users based on their posts and then target these consumers using nostalgia-based behavioral advertising campaigns.
Effect of intragastric infusions of ethanol and wine on serum gastrin concentration and gastric acid secretion

The effects of ethanol and wine on serum gastrin concentration and gastric acid secretion were evaluated in 13 normal volunteers. Solutions studied were pure ethanol (5%, 12%, and 36%), red wine, and white wine. Each solution contained 28 g of ethanol and each was administered as a slow, steady intragastric infusion to simulate normal ingestion of beverages. When compared to saline (control), none of the pure ethanol solutions increased serum gastrin concentration or gastric acid secretion significantly. In contrast, red and white wine (12% ethanol vol/vol) were potent stimulants of gastrin release and acid secretion when compared either to saline or pure 12% ethanol. Mean (+/- SEM) peak serum gastrin increases with 300 ml of red wine, white wine, saline, and pure 12% ethanol were 253 +/- 125, 182 +/- 91, 13 +/- 2, and 11 +/- 3 pg/ml, respectively (p less than 0.05 for red and white wine versus saline or 12% ethanol), and the mean peak acid outputs were 28.6 +/- 2.8, 27.9 +/- 1.9, 9.3 +/- 2.0, and 11.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/h, respectively (p less than 0.05 for red and white wine versus saline or 12% ethanol). We conclude that red and white wine stimulate gastric acid secretion, probably by enhanced release of gastrin, and that this effect is not due to the ethanol content of wine.
Other methods for determining surface area

The most widely used method for surface-area determination is low-temperature gas adsorption, particularly nitrogen and krypton at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Most gases can and have been used, and these include water vapour at room temperature and carbon dioxide at room temperature and at -78°C. The problems that arise when one deviates from the standard conditions are: what is the applicable molecular area and what is the correct theoretical model to use? The first question is usually resolved by accepting published values or carrying out experiments to determine molecular area by comparison with nitrogen adsorption at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Since there is no unanimity in published data, the second procedure is probably preferable. The second question is usually resolved from an examination of the isotherm, the BET or the Langmuir equation being then used. When coverage is very low, as with carbon dioxide at room temperature, the Freundlich equation may be applicable.
A visual analysis process as a design and communication tool

While technical communicators are increasingly involved in visual design tasks, they frequently have difficulty communicating verbally about the visual, and, therefore, contributing effectively to design development. The visual analysis procedure outlined in the paper provides a common framework and language for both design evaluation and group communication. >
Guided ion beam studies of the reactions of Vn+ (n=2–17) with O2: Bond energies and dissociation pathways

The kinetic energy dependence of the reactions of Vn+ (n=2–17) with oxygen is studied using a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. In all but the smallest clusters, the primary reaction process at low energies is the formation of a vanadium cluster dioxide ion which then loses one or two vanadium atoms or a vanadium oxide diatom (VO). Vanadium atom loss is the preferred reaction pathway for large clusters (n⩾5), whereas loss of VO is more favorable for the smallest reactant clusters (n⩽4). As the collision energy is increased, these primary products dissociate further by loss of additional vanadium atoms. Bond dissociation energies of the vanadium cluster oxides are determined by analysis of the kinetic energy dependence of several different products. The effect of oxygen atoms on the stabilities of vanadium cluster ions is discussed and compared with bulk phase thermochemistry.
Flash activism: How a Bollywood film catalyzed civic justice toward a murder trial

Rang De Basanti 's box office success served as a catalyst for flash activism surrounding the Jessica Lall murder trials.
A geometric proof of separatrix crossing results

Abstract We investigate the adiabatic invariance of the action variable of one degree of freedom time-dependent Hamiltonian systems when trajectories cross a separatrix and give relatively simple, geometrically motivated proofs.
Liberty Men and Great Proprietors: The Revolutionary Settlement on the Maine Frontier, 1760-1820

This detailed exploration of the settlement of Maine beginning in the late eighteenth century illuminates the violent, widespread contests along the American frontier that served to define and complete the American Revolution. Taylor shows how Maine's militant settlers organized secret companies to defend their populist understanding of the Revolution.
Nucleophilic reactions between thiols and a tobacco specific nitrosamine metabolite, 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.

4-Hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) is a metabolite of the tobacco specific nitrosamines, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N‘-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). HPB is also a breakdown product of covalently bound pyridyloxobutyl adducts resulting from NNK and NNN exposure. HPB released from DNA or hemoglobin has been used as an important dosimeter of tobacco specific nitrosamine exposure in a variety of studies. This compound is not reactive with cellular nucleophiles under biological conditions. We have discovered that HPB reacts with nucleophiles under acidic conditions to form cyclic tetrahydrofuranyl reaction products. Dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, and N-acetylcysteine all reacted with HPB under these reaction conditions. In addition, reactions were observed with buffer chemicals such as 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. The resulting cyclic adducts were unstable at room temperature. Their half-lives were significantly long...
A trophic mass balance model of the eastern Chukchi Sea with comparisons to other high-latitude systems

The Chukchi Sea is a seasonally ice-covered, marginal Arctic-shelf sea that possesses both large petroleum reserves and abundant biological communities, including migratory mammals and seabirds. We developed a mass balance food web model for the eastern Chukchi Sea to evaluate the trophic structure of this ecosystem and to compare food web properties of the Chukchi Sea to those of other high-latitude marine ecosystems. We compiled data on biomass levels, diet composition, demographic rates (production, consumption), and fishery removals, and used these data to construct an Ecopath trophic mass balance model. The majority of biomass was concentrated in benthic invertebrates and most of the mass flow above trophic level 2.0 was through these groups. We found that density estimates of most fish groups derived from trawl survey data using area-swept methods were insufficient to match the consumptive demands of predators, and that densities needed to be several-fold greater to meet modeled demand. We also used a set of system metrics derived from a common modeling framework to highlight differences in ecosystem structure between the eastern Chukchi Sea and other high-latitude systems. The extent of benthic dominance observed in the eastern Chukchi Sea was unique among the systems examined, both in terms of food web structure and associated mass flows between benthic and pelagic components. In relation to total biomass density, the eastern Chukchi Sea had low production when compared with the other systems, and this lower turnover rate suggests that recovery from disturbance might be slow.
Phenomenology and connectionism.

I show how the dynamics of consciousness can be formally derived from the “open dynamics” of neural activity, and develop a mathematical framework for neuro-phenomenological investigation. I describe the space of possible brain states, the space of possible conscious states, and a “supervenience function” linking them. I show how this framework can be used to associate phenomenological structures with neuro-computational structures, and vice-versa. I pay special attention to the relationship between (1) the relatively fast dynamics of consciousness and neural activity, and (2) the slower dynamics of knowledge update and brain development.
Just Kill Me When I’m 50: Impact of Gay American Culture on Young Gay Men’s Perceptions of Aging

Young gay men’s negative perceptions of growing older have been indicated in prior research [Bergling, 2004; Jones & Pugh, 2005; Cohler & Galatzer-Levy, 2000]. A recent resurgence of HIV infection rates among young gay men [Mitsch et al, 2008] calls into question whether these negative perceptions contribute to a lack of future-oriented health investments; i.e., a “live for now” outlook. Strength of future orientation has repeatedly predicted risk aversion [McCabe & Barnett, 2000], hence, it is of great social and public health value to ask: what does aging mean to today’s youngest generation of gay men? How do cultural norms in the gay community inform how today’s young gay men imagine growing older? This research explores these questions.
The effect of the beef recipient female on embryo transplant offspring

Abstract Embryo transfer techniques were employed to investigate the importance of prenatal and postnatal maternal breed effects on calves of high growth potential (Chianina) and low growth potential (Angus). Six crossbred cow breed groups of known producing ability were used as recipients. These crossbred recipient females had been produced by artificia ly inseminating Angus and Hereford cows with semen from Chianina, Maine Anjou and Simmental bulls. Prior production records on the recipients cipients were used to calculate Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) estimates for each cow for birth weight and weaning weight. Donor breed differences were evaluated (P
Increasing the Opportunities For Minorities in School Administration

South Carolina's Minority Administra tors Program, described here, is designed to match qualified minority educators with districts that are inter ested in hiring minority adminstrators.
Chinese Tourist Satisfaction with Yunnan Province, China

ABSTRACT As the rapid tourism development continues, many challenges emerge in the travel industry in Yunnan Province, China. Using data collected from a survey, this article presents the findings of a research study determining the destination attributes critical to the overall satisfaction level of Chinese tourists visiting Yunnan Province, China. A total of 29 satisfaction attributes were grouped under five travel dimensions (factors), namely tourist facilities and service, destination attractiveness, professionalism of the tour guide, itinerary/schedule and dynamics of the tour group. Results of two-stage least squares regression analysis indicated that destination attractiveness, professionalism of the tour guide and dynamics of tour group are significant predictors of domestic tourists' overall satisfaction level. Implications with regard to the sustainable tourism development in Yunnan Province were finally discussed.
Perfect connected-dominant graphs

If D is a dominating set and the induced subgraph G(D) is connected, then D is a connected dominating set. The minimum size of a connected dominating set in G is called connected domination number ∞c(G) of G. A graph G is called a perfect connected-dominant graph if ∞(H) = ∞c(H) for each connected induced subgraph H of G. We prove that a graph is a perfect connected-dominant graph if and only if it contains no induced path P5 and induced cycle C5.
Patterns of Growth in Welfare Bureaucracies

This longitudinal study of the growth of forty-six state welfare departments takes as a point of departure a closed system model of organizational growth. The various components (central office size, managerial components, caseworker component, clerical component) are analyzed in terms of (1) the relationship between the initial size of a component and its growth rate; (2) a comparison of different rates of growth for different components; and (3) the influence of increased work load and environmental complexity on the growth of components. The findings indicate that, for the central office, managerial, and clerical components, the initial size and growth rate are negatively related. The casework component accounts for the greatest amount of total organizational growth and is directly affected by increased work load. Finally, the growth of the managerial component is directly influenced by both increased work load and environmental complexity (i.e., urbanization).
Detection algorithm for gaseous pollutants using signal processing techniques on FTIR interferograms

Environmental monitoring with passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy offers an effective method for the identification and quantification of hazardous gas pollutants. Infrared spectroscopy reveals the spectral signature of the pollutant when there is a temperature difference between the pollutant and the background radiation, resulting in emission or absorption by the pollutant. The US Army has a lightweight standoff chemical agent sensor system that generates 1024-point interferograms. The interferogram, being nonstationary, has special features that develop as a function of time. Appropriate signal processing techniques enable real-time detection and can eliminate the need for background radiation references. An algorithm has been developed for the detection of gaseous pollutants/chemical agents with single- or multiple-peak spectra. It exploits the time-dependent spectral behavior and employs signal processing techniques to enhance the spectral signature of interest in both time and frequency domains jointly, thus facilitating detection. The algorithm has been successfully developed and tested, via laboratory and real data, for the single-peak spectral signature pollutant SF6; the signal processing concept has been extended to DEMP, DIMP, DMMP, and TEP as representatives of multiple-peak spectral signature pollutants. The algorithm software is written in the C language; the SF6 algorithm was implemented on the Motorola M96002 DSP chip for real-time processing studies.
Parametric study of site instability due to presence of a weakening shale layer above sloping bedrock

Several areas of St. Louis County, Missouri have been classified as unstable for any type of construction because of the presence of highly plasticity soil/shale on sloping bedrock. These areas have the potential of becoming unstable due to change in any natural condition that can change its moisture content and/or its steepness. One of the structures constructed in this area showed significant movements several years after its construction. The primary goal of this investigation was to analyze site slope configurations in these problematic areas. A parametric study of two site slope profiles, natural and modified, was performed to investigate the effects of various variables such as slope configuration and shale properties, on the stability of a site where potential of site instability exists due to the presence of a shale/clay layer above sloping bedrock. From the results of the parametric study, design charts were developed that incorporate all variables studied in this investigation. These charts will help engineers make informed decisions and help them recognize conditions, which may cause the site slope to become unstable.
Respiration, growth and food conversion efficiency of pinfish (Lagodon Rhomboides) exposed to sublethal concentrations of bleached kraft mill effluent

Young pinfish (Lagoddon rhomboides) (Sparidae) were exposed to 0·01%, 0·10% and 1·0 concentrations of neutralised bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) for 28 days. Individual growth records were kept for fish fed 4·0% of their body weight per day. Fish exposed to 1·00% BKME demonstrated elevated gill ventilaationrates and were characterised by reduced total lipid content, reduced condition factor, increased moisture and increaed protein content when compared with controls. Control fish converted 44·6% of the ration to wet weight. Wet food conversions of pinfish exposed to 0·10% and 1·00% BKME were reduced by 47·8% and 73·5%. Conversion by fish in 1·% BKME was reduced less in the second two weeks of the growth period, indicating possible acclimation to the pollutant. Conversions of dry weight and dietary protein were also reduced significantly in fish treated with 0·10% and 1·% BKME. In 28 days, the total lipid content of control fish increased 298%. The increase was 140% in fish treated with 0·10% BKME and 67% in fish exposed to 1·00% BKME. Elevated maintenance metabolism was indicated. Growth in length was unaffected by BKME exposure. No respiratory, biochemical or food conversion differences were found between controls and fish exposed to 0·01% BKME. Differences were significant in concentrations of BKME less than 1·0% of lethal concentration.
Meta-worry in adolescents: examination of the psychometric properties of the meta-worry questionnaire in an adolescent sample

Background: Meta-worry is considered a central component of the Metacognitive Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Although initial research provides support for the applicability of this model to adolescent samples, the construct of meta-worry has yet to be examined in adolescents. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Meta-Worry Questionnaire (MWQ), a measure designed to assess negative beliefs about worry, in an adolescent sample, and to examine the degree to which meta-worry is associated with pathological worry in adolescents. Method: A non-referred sample of 175 adolescents completed a modified version of the MWQ along with the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-Children (MCQ-C) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children (PSWQ-C). Results: The MWQ was found to exhibit strong psychometric properties. Most noteworthy, the MWQ was found to be a particularly robust predictor of scores on the PSWQ-C, and incremental validity was also demonstrated. Conclusions: Overall, the current findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the MWQ in adolescents and support for meta-worry as a predictor of worry symptoms in adolescents.
Absence of bimodal ovulatory effect of PMS in the 30-day-old rat. 1.

SummaryThe effect of a single injection of varying amounts of PMS on ovulation in 30-day-old rats was investigated. Doses as small as 2 IU caused ovulation in some of the animals. Ova were ovulated in 100% of the animals injected with doses ranging from 3 to 67 IU. The incidence of ovulation declined with higher doses. A mean maximum of 68.7 ova was obtained with 55 IU and declined with larger amounts. A segmentation of ova was observed with 30 IU of PMS and higher.
Prediction of collapse behaviour in soil

ABSTRACT The drastic decrease in volume of a natural, unsaturated soil deposit or compacted fill that occurs upon wetting at virtually constant total stresses is termed “collapse”. Several methods can be found in the literature that predict collapse behavior based on easily obtained soil parameters. Nevertheless, discrepancies were reported among the results of these methods. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on carefully conducted laboratory prepared collapsible soils in the oedometer apparatus. These results were used to develop an empirical model for predicting soil collapse in terms of the initial dry unit weight, initial water content and the soil gradation. The values predicted by the proposed model agreed well with the experimental results of the present investigation and those available in the literature.
Crown Ether Substituted Monomeric and Cofacial Dimeric Metallophthalocyanines. 2. Photophysical Studies of the Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Variants

Metallophthalocyanines have been prepared with 18-crown-6 residues at the peripheral benzo sites (McrPc). Metal centers employed have been H2 (free base), Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). In the present report, the Co(II) and Ni(II) systems are considered; the other three compounds were considered in part 1 of this series of papers. Ultrafast transient absorption spectrography was employed to examine the dynamic properties of the excited electronic states of the monomers and dimers. Under pulsed photoexcitation conditions, the most prominent feature in the transient absorption spectrum of all systems studied was a transient bleaching at the ground-state absorption maxima. The time profiles for ground-state repopulation of photoexcited McrPc and McrPcD where M = Co(II) and Ni(II) were best described with double-exponential kinetics with lifetimes of 1.3 and 7.6 ps for CocrPc; 0.8 and 7.2 ps for CocrPcD; 3.2 and 12.8 ps for NicrPc; 2.2 and 24.2 ps for NicrPcD, respectively. An analysis of the kinetic dat...
A comparative perspective on perceptual, cognitive, and social development

With the exception of some early work by Fantz on visual preferences there has been a dearth of integrative comparative considerations of perceptual, cognitive, and social development in primate infants. A current trend in research with human infants has been an information processing approach to basic skills such as memory, attention, and concept acquisition. This empirical work has focused on a levels-of-processing analysis and has provided a theoretical understanding of the ontogeny of basic cognitive processes in the human infant. For example, experimental studies of visual habituation have shown that even very young infants demonstrate abstract conceptual understanding that increases in complexity and level of abstraction with age. Such an approach could be of tremendous value to comparative psychologists investigating similar processes in non-human primate infants. The understanding of the development of cognitive skills in non-human primate infants is fundamental to an understanding of other developmental processes such as the categorization and recognition of various social partners. A consideration of the literature on human cognitive development and the application of some of the conceptual and methodological strategies of the information processing approach will provide a broader understanding of primate perceptual, cognitive, and social development.
The Challenges of Teaching Information Technology Use and Management in a Time of Information Revolution

This manuscript reports findings from a recently conducted survey on information technology use and management by public managers in Arizona state- and local-government agencies. Based on these fin...
Analytic corrections to CFD heating predictions accounting for changes in surface catalysis

A new approach for combining the insight afforded by integral boundary-layer analysis with comprehensive (but time intensive) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) flowfield solutions of the thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations is described. The approach extracts CFD derived quantities at the wall and at the boundary layer edge for inclusion in a post-processing boundary-layer analysis. It allows a designer at a work-station to address two questions, given a single CFD solution. (1) How much does the heating change for a thermal protection system (TPS) with different catalytic properties than was used in the original CFD solution? (2) How does the heating change at the interface of two different TPS materials with an abrupt change in catalytic efficiency? The answer to the second question is particularly important, because abrupt changes from low to high catalytic efficiency can lead to localized increase in heating which exceeds the usually conservative estimate provided by a fully catalytic wall assumption. Capabilities of this approach for application to Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) design are demonstrated. If the definition of surface catalysis is uncertain early in the design process, results show that fully catalytic wall boundary conditions provide the best baseline for CFD design points.
Deer wintering habitat and wetland protection in Maine: Spatial intersection of mapped resources

Areas of mapped deer wintering area (D), wetland (W), and wetland-deer wintering area intersects (W ∩ D) were measured from habitat and wetland maps prepared for five Maine municipalities to determine the extent of intersection between protected resources. These intersects ranged from 3·9–9·8% of the total mapped wetland and deer wintering area polygon areas for each of the municipalities and was not a significant portion of the total habitat area. The frequency of deer wintering area and wetland that were separate discrete polygons was equal to those that were W ∩ D. Protection of deer wintering areas may result in protection of other types of wetlands not included in present mapping efforts.
Nature of gram-negative rod antibiotic resistance during antibiotic rotation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of gram-negative antibiotic resistance during a study of empiric antibiotic rotation. Methods: We showed previously that quarterly rotation of a single antibiotic class is inferior to cycling two antibiotics per quarter for empiric treatment of gram-negative rod (GNR) infections, as evidenced by increased incidence of antibiotic-resistant GNR (rGNR) infections. Resistance patterns were examined by quantifying GNRs resistant to one or more of the following drug classes: Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, or piperacillin-tazobactam. For all rGNR isolates, the mean number of antibiotic classes to which an organism was resistant was calculated per quarter, as was the number of rGNR species. Results: Single-antibiotic rotation (SAR) was associated with significant increases in the incidence of piperacillin-tazobactam (p < 0.0005) and cephalosporin (p = 0.003) resistance, reaching nearly 25% and 30% of rGNR isolates re...
Cytologic features of proliferative breast disease: a study designed to minimize sampling error.

BACKGROUND Assessment of cytologic features that allow accurate classification of proliferative breast disease has been hampered by sampling errors when fine-needle aspirations have been compared with their corresponding histologic sections. METHODS To allow for optimal cytohistologic correlation, 2 smears (1 hematoxylin and eosin–stained and 1 Diff-Quik-stained) were prepared from each of 98 breast biopsies without mass lesions and compared with the corresponding histologic sections of the scraped area. Each smear was reviewed in a blinded fashion and assessed for cellularity, background elements, cytoarchitectural features of cell groups, and nuclear features by 2 reviewers. Smears were then classified as nonproliferative breast disease (NPBD), proliferative breast disease without atypia (PBD) or with atypia (PBDA), or DCIS, based on review of the corresponding histologic sections. RESULTS When comparing NPBD/PBD (n = 86) with PBDA/DCIS (n = 12), smears from PBDA/DCIS were significantly (by the Fisher exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum P values with adjustment for multiple comparisons) more likely to be cellular; contain single cells and necrosis; exhibit nuclear overlap and cytoplasmic vacuoles; have large nuclei, macronucleoli, pleomorphism, clumped chromatin, and hyperchromasia; and were less likely to have complex cell groups, monolayers, swirling, cohesion, and myoepithelial cells in epithelial sheets and the smear background. When NPBD (n = 53) and PBD (n = 33) were similarly compared, smears from PBD were more likely to exhibit larger and more complex cell groups, but they were otherwise similar to smears from NPBD. CONCLUSIONS There are many cytologic features that will allow a distinction of NPBD/PBD from PBDA/DCIS, but relatively few that can aid in separating NPBD from PBD. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2000;90:33–40. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
A leading-edge 0.9µm pixel CMOS image sensor technology with backside illumination: Future challenges for pixel scaling

This paper presents process breakthroughs that enable a BSI 0.9µm pixel formation and its performance. The technology was developed using 300mm bulk silicon starting wafers with the state-of-the-art tool set for BSI sensor processing. This is the first demonstration of 0.9µm BSI pixel with acceptable optical performance. Further improvements are in the area of crosstalk suppression and color performance enhancement for continuous pixel scaling from 0.9µm.
THE FREQUENCY AND VERSATILITY OF INITIAL AND TERMINAL LETTERS IN ENGLISH WORDS

A review of previous word and letter counts in addition to the applications of these counts were reported. A comprehensive count of initial and terminal letters and bigrams was compiled based on the Kucera and Francis (Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence: Brown Univ. Press, 1967 ) corpus of English words. The count included frequency of occurrence and versatility, or number of different words in which letters or bigrams occurred. It was shown how such counts can be used to describe “Englishness” and make predictions as to the information load of letters in words and pseudo words.
Enzyme pattern and marker antigens in nodular “regenerative” hyperplasia of the liver

Characteristic alterations of marker enzymes and tumor-associated antigens have been detected in the preneoplastic lesions of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. An identical pattern of enzyme activity (increased gammaglutamyl transferase, loss of glucose-6-phosphatase, and canalicular adenosine triphosphatase) was demonstrated in a case of nodular "regenerative" hyperplasia of liver. The lack of marker antigens (alphafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha 1-antitrypsin) in the hyperplastic nodules in this patient may be related to the discontinuation of oral contraceptive steroids four years earlier. The phenotypic changes of enzyme activity suggest that nodular "regenerative" hyperplasia of the liver in man is preneoplastic.
The Effects of Condensational Heating on Midlatitude Transient Waves in Their Mature Stage: Control Experiments with a GFDL General Circulation model

Abstract The effects of condensational heating on midlatitude transient waves in their mature stage are re-examined by comparing moist and dry GFDL spectral general circulation models, both of which have all ocean surfaces with prescribed zonally uniform temperature. The zonal mean states of both models are fixed in time. so as to he identical throughout the time integration. It is found that the transient eddy kinetic energy is significantly enhanced for all wavenumbers by the effect of latent beat release. This increase is primarily due to an increase in baroclinic conversion from the zonal available potential energy and only partly due to the generation of eddy available potential energy by condensational heating.
The stereochemistry of isoquinoline Reissert compounds: a unique platform for observation of steric and electronic interactions

Abstract Isoquinoline Reissert compounds (2-acyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinaldonitriles) with either 3-H (1) or 3-CH3 (2) substituents and various N-acyl groups have been examined in detail by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In all cases the trans amide conformation, with reference to the carbonyl oxygen and the 3-position of the isoquinoline ring, predominates in solution. In the solid state the nitrile moieties are pseudo-axial and the amides exist almost exclusively in the trans form, except for the case of 2-isobutyryl-3-methyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinaldonitrile (2c), which exists exclusively as the cis amide form in the solid state. In N-aroyl 3-CH3 compounds with two ortho-aroyl substituents both amide isomerism and hindered aryl/carbonyl rotation are observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In other N-aroyl derivatives only hindered aryl/carbonyl rotations are observed by NMR and in N-alkanoyl compounds amide isomerism is observable only at very low temperatures. X-ray crystallography reveals the two rotamers in the solid state in four cases of ortho-substituted benzoyl compounds; with one exception, the rotamer with the larger ortho-aroyl substituent syn to the pseudo-axial cyano group is favored. Unusual solubility and reactivity patterns observed with these compounds are rationalized in terms of the interplay between steric and electronic factors.