cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Artifacts at 4.5 and 8.0 Microns in Short-Wavelength Spectra from the Infrared Space Observatory*

Spectra from the Short-Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory exhibit artifacts at 4.5 and 8 μm. These artifacts appear in spectra from a recent data release, OLP 10.0, as spurious broad emission features in the spectra of stars earlier than approximately F0, such as α CMa. Comparison of absolutely calibrated spectra of standard stars to corresponding spectra from the SWS reveals that these artifacts result from an underestimation of the strength of the CO and SiO molecular bands in the spectra of sources used as calibrators by the SWS. Although OLP 10.0 was intended to be the final data release, these findings have led to an additional release addressing this issue, OLP 10.1, which corrects the artifacts.
A New Non-Mendelian Genetic Element of Yeast That Increases Cytopathology Produced by M1 Double-Stranded RNA in ski Strains

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SKI (superkiller) genes are repressors of replication of M, L-A, and L-BC double-stranded (ds) RNAs; ski strains have an increased M dsRNA copy number and, as a result, are cold-sensitive for growth at 8°. Growth is normal, however, at higher temperatures. We have found a new cytoplasmic genetic element [D] (for disease) that makes M1 dsRNA-containing superkiller strains grow slowly at 30°, not at all at 37°, and only very poorly at 20°. These growth defects require three factors: a chromosomal ski mutation, the presence of M1 dsRNA, and the presence of the new cytoplasmic factor, [D]. We have isolated mutants unable to ma intain [D] (mad), at least one of which is due to mutation of a single chromosomal locus. Further, [D] can be cured by growth at 37–39°. We present evidence that [D] is not M, L-A, L-BC or W dsRNAs or mitochondrial DNA, 2µ DNA, or [psi], but [D] depends on L-A for its maintenance. We also show that [D] is distinct from [B], a cytoplasmic element that allows M 1 dsRNA to be stably replicated and maintained in spite of defects in certain chromosomal MAK genes that would otherwise be necessary. [D] activity is blocked by the presence of another extrachromosomal element, called [DIN] (for [D] interference). [D] and [DIN] may be different natural variants of the same molecule.
Price Adjustment Policies in Procurement Contracting: An Analysis of Bidding Behavior

The fluctuations in fuel prices over the past decade led a number of government agencies to introduce price adjustment clauses in procurement contracting. Those clauses were primarily designed to reduce contractors’ uncertainty without considering the impact of such initiatives on bidding and the budget. We analyze a newly constructed, detailed panel of observations on bids for construction contracts and compare bidding behavior across periods and projects, and across items within projects. Estimates from a difference-in-differences approach, indicate that bidding becomes more aggressive and less dispersed after the implementation of this policy. The difference is more pronounced when we consider itemized bids than overall project bids. Alternative techniques of regression discontinuity and nonparametric estimation are applied and yield consistent results.
Decreased brain acetylcholine after septal lesions in rats: correlation with thirst.

Abstract Bilateral lesions in the septal area of the forebrain produced both a significant decrease in brain content of acetylcholine and a significant increase in daily water consumption. Only lesioned rats showing hyperdipsia demonstrated a decrease in brain acetylcholine. These data support previous suggestions that thirst is mediated by a cholinergic mechanism in brain.
Effects of methylnaltrexone on morphine-induced cough suppression in guinea pigs.

Abstract We administered methylnaltrexone, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, to guinea pigs previously injected with morphine sulfate to determine whether the compound could block opioid-induced cough suppression without blocking antinociception. The effects of methylnaltrexone (2.0, 1.6, 0.8 mg/kg) and of naltrexone (0.32, 0.16, 0.02 and 0.01 mg/kg) were compared in animals who had been injected with morphine sulfate (8.1 mg/kg). At 2.0 mg/kg methylnaltrexone, number of coughs returned to baseline value and nociception remained unaffected. At the two higher doses of naltrexone (0.32 and 0.16 mg/kg), morphine-induced antitussive effect was blocked, but antinociception was reversed. Our results suggested that methylnaltrexone possesses opioid antagonist activity in receptors peripheral to the blood-brain barrier. Its peripheral activity makes methylnaltrexone a clinically interesting agent for maintaining the cough reflex in those who must take opioids for analgesia.
Summary of Historical Beryllium Uses and Airborne Concentration Levels at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Beryllium operations and accompanying medical surveillance of workers at Los Alamos National Laboratory began in the 1940s. In 1999 a Former Workers Medical Surveillance Program that includes screening for chronic beryllium disease was initiated. As part of this program, historical beryllium exposure conditions were reconstructed from archived paper and electronic industrial hygiene data sources to improve understanding of past beryllium uses and airborne concentration levels. Archived industrial hygiene sampling reports indicated beryllium was principally used in technical areas-01 and -03, primarily being machined. Beryllium was also used at 15 other technical areas in activities that ranged from explosives detonation to the manufacture of X-ray windows. A total of 4528 personal breathing zone and area air samples for beryllium, combined for purposes of calculating summary statistics, were identified during the records review phase. The geometric mean airborne beryllium concentration for the period 1949...
Diacytosis of asialoglycoprotein in isolated hepatocytes is dependent on the structure of ligand and cellular distribution of the receptors.

Diacytosis, degradation and retention of125I-labeled asialoorosomucoid (ASOR), its reduced and car☐ymethylated N-terminal cyanogen bromide-cleaved fragment (RC-ASCNBr-I) and asialofetuin preloaded into isolated rat or rabbit hepatocytes for various periods of time were compared. In rat hepatocytes preloaded with a saturating concentration (3 · 10−8 M) of the ligands, the proportion of the preloaded ligands distributed to degradation and diacytosis was fairly constant during 4 h of preincubation. In addition, a small portion of the preloaded ligands was neither diacytosed nor degraded, but was retained intracellularly. Diacytosis of125I-ASOR (29%) was greater than that of either125I-RC-ASCNBr-I (23%) or125I-asialofetuin (15%). Diacytosis of125I-ASOR, when preloaded in the presence of 5 μM colchicine, was significantly enhanced by 79% (increasing from 29% to 52%), whereas those of125I-RC-ASCNBr-I and125I-asialofetuin were not significantly altered (with average increases of 14% and 19%, respectively). The fraction of the preloaded125I-asialofetuin (69%) and125I-RC-ASCNBr-I (68.6%) that was degraded was slightly higher than that of125I-ASOR (64%) and all was decreased by colchicine. The fraction of all three ligands retained by the cells was increased 2- to 4-fold by colchicine. The extents of retention of125I-asialofetuin and125I-RC-ASCNBr-I were greater than that of125I-ASOR, particularly after preloaded for more than 2 h. Preloading of the cells with ligands at a non-saturating concentration (6.5 · 10−10 M) did not change these patterns of ligand distribution. Conjugation of diphtheria toxin fragment A (DTA) to ASOR or RC-ASCNBr-I also did not significantly alter the pattern of ligand distribution. In rabbit hepatocytes containing more asialoglycoprotein receptors than rat cells,125I-ASOR was diacytosed to a greater extent (50%, −colchicine; 61%, +cholchicine) but degraded to a lesser extent (33%, −colchicine; 13%, +colchicine) than was observed in rat cells. The extent of retention of125I-ASOR in rabbit cells was also greater than that in rat cells. A similar pattern of differences between rabbit and rat hepatocytes was observed for125I-DTA-ASOR. These results indicate that intracellular sorting of internalized asialglycoproteins between diacytosis and degradation is dependent on both the structure of the ligand and the distribution of the cellular receptors.
Binding of plasma low density lipoproteins to erythrocytes

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) containing apolipoprotein B bind to intact, freshly isolated erythrocytes. The LDL-erythrocyte interaction is of low affinity, with a Kd of 1.1 x 10(-6) M. Binding is noncooperative. There are about 200 binding sites per cell and, within the limits of experimental uncertainty, these sites comprise a homogeneous class. Binding of LDL is a temperature-independent process. The maximum amount of LDL blood increases following proteolytic digestion of the cells with trypsin or chymotrypsin. The specificity of the binding sites for LDL is not absolute: high density lipoproteins and lipid vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (equimolar) complete with LDL for occupancy of 60% of the binding sites. Modification of 5--6 of the 9 apolipoprotein B arginine residues with 1,2-cyclohexanedione/borate or of 10--15 of the 20 lysine residues by reductive methylation does not alter the ability of LDL to bind to erythrocytes. Native LDL and methylated-LDL alter erythrocyte morphology. However, LDL in which the arginine residues are derivatized with 1,2-cyclohexanedione/borate do not induce the discocyte leads to echinocyte transformation. Chemically modified and native LDL exchange cholesterol with erythrocytes at equal rates and to nearly equal extents. Taken together, the data suggest that the binding sites for LDL on the erythrocyte membrane are distinct from the LDL receptors at the surface of other cells--e.g., fibroblasts and lymphocytes--which do not bind HDL and which do not recognize LDL with derivatized arginine or lysine residues. It is proposed that the biological function of the erythrocyte binding sites is to mediate the exchange of cholesterol between the cell membrane and lipoproteins.
A residual-based finite element method for the Helmholtz equation

A new residual-based finite element method for the scalar Helmholtz equation is developed. This method is obtained from the Galerkin approximation by appending terms that are proportional to residuals on element interiors and inter-element boundaries. The inclusion of residuals on inter-element boundaries distinguishes this method from the well-known Galerkin least-squares method and is crucial to the resulting accuracy of this method. In two dimensions and for regular bilinear quadrilateral finite elements, it is shown via a dispersion analysis that this method has minimal phase error. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify this claim as well as test and compare the performance of this method on unstructured meshes with other methods. It is found that even for unstructured meshes this method retains a high level of accuracy. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level of tryptophan messenger RNA in Escherichia coli

Abstract The level of tryptophan mRNA in several Escherichia coli strains has been quantitatively measured by a procedure based upon competition between labeled and unlabeled RNA molecules for binding sites on φ80 trp DNA. Highly labeled [3H]RNA specifically bound by φ80 trp DNA was isolated from a tryptophan-constitutive E. coli strain. Competition experiments were carried out using this [3H]RNA, φ80pt190 DNA and unlabeled RNA isolated from various E. coli strains. Suitable treatment of the data yielded a numerical measure of the competing power of each RNA preparation. This was insignificantly low for RNA from a bacterial tryptophan deletion mutant, appreciable for RNA from tryptophan-repressed cultures and increased 3.4-fold by tryptophan derepression. Data on the binding stoichiometry between purified Trp-mRNA and φ80trp DNA permit a calculation of the absolute abundance of Trp-mRNA. For a tryptophan constitutive mutant the minimum estimate is 25 polycistronic Trp-mRNA molecules per bacterial cell, as compared to two per cell for wild-type E. coli repressed by tryptophan.
Nitric oxide-related species inhibit evoked neurotransmission but enhance spontaneous miniature synaptic currents in central neuronal cultures.

Inhibitory effect of NO donor compounds and NEM on synaptic activity in “mass cultures.” (A–C) In a representative cortical neuron, 735 μM NTG reversibly blocked synaptic transmission evoked by endogenous activity in the network of neuronal contacts (recording obtained immediately after washout of NTG); 200 μM NTG also resulted in significant suppression of synaptic activity (Fig. 2A). Holding potential, −60 mV. (D) A control solution, consisting of the diluent, propylene glycol and ethanol, plus glycerol (the 3-carbon backbone to which three -ONO2 groups are attached to form NTG) produced no effect. (E and F) A second NO group donor, SNOC, also reversibly decreased the frequency of synaptic activity in a second cortical neuron. (G and H) NEM (1 mM) mimicked the inhibitory effect of nitroso-compounds by blocking synaptic activity; this inhibitory effect was irreversible. Similar results to those illustrated in this figure were obtained in at least 8 cortical neurons from multiple platings of mass cultures.
Image processing technique based on image understanding architecture

Effectiveness of image applications is directly based on its abilities to resolve ambiguity and uncertainty in the real images. That requires tight integration of low-level image processing with high-level knowledge-based reasoning, which is the solution of the image understanding problem. This article presents a generic computational framework necessary for the solution of image understanding problem -- Spatial Turing Machine. Instead of tape of symbols, it works with hierarchical networks dually represented as discrete and continuous structures. Dual representation provides natural transformation of the continuous image information into the discrete structures, making it available for analysis. Such structures are data and algorithms at the same time and able to perform graph and diagrammatic operations being the basis of intelligence. They can create derivative structures that play role of context, or 'measurement device,' giving the ability to analyze, and run top-bottom algorithms. Symbols naturally emerge there, and symbolic operations work in combination with new simplified methods of computational intelligence. That makes images and scenes self-describing, and provides flexible ways of resolving uncertainty. Classification of images truly invariant to any transformation could be done via matching their derivative structures. New proposed architecture does not require supercomputers, opening ways to the new image technologies.
Dark matter, baryon asymmetry, and spontaneous B and L breaking

We investigate the dark matter and the cosmological baryon asymmetry in a simple theory where baryon (B) and lepton (L) number are local gauge symmetries that are spontaneously broken. In this model, the cold dark matter candidate is the lightest new field with baryon number and its stability is an automatic consequence of the gauge symmetry. Dark matter annihilation is either through a leptophobic gauge boson whose mass must be below a TeV or through the Higgs boson. Since the mass of the leptophobic gauge boson has to be below the TeV scale, one finds that in the first scenario there is a lower bound on the elastic cross section of about 5×10^(-46) cm^2. Even though baryon number is gauged and not spontaneously broken until the weak scale, a cosmologically acceptable baryon excess is possible. There can be a tension between achieving both the measured baryon excess and the dark matter density.
Subclinical suspiciousness as a risk factor for depressive episodes

Objective: Previous studies suggest suspiciousness is associated with an increased risk of major depressive episodes in psychotic patients. We tested the hypothesis that this relationship would extend to nonpsychotic groups. Method: Data came from the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) study, a longitudinal population-based study conducted at five sites in the United States. Baseline clinical and demographic features were used to predict the onset of episodes of depression at 1-year follow-up in subjects without psychotic symptoms. Results: Subclinical suspiciousness was associated with an increased risk of new episodes of depression after accounting for demographic variables. However, three of six subclinical delusion-like experiences were also associated with an increased risk of depressive episodes. None of the subclinical hallucination-like experiences predicted subsequent risk. Conclusion: Subclinical suspiciousness appears to increase the risk of depression in the general population. Some other delusion-like experiences may do the same.
Organization of human δ- and β-globin genes in cellular DNA and the presence of intragenic inserts

We have analyzed human cellular DNA for its delta--and beta-globin gene sequence content by separation of restriction enzyme fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis; transfer of the DNA fragments to nitrocellulose filters; hybridization of filters with 32P--beta-globin cDNA; and analysis by autoradiography. A short cDNA has been used to identify specifically the 3' end of the genes and to orient the fragments. A comparison of the globin gene fragments generated by normal and Lepore DNA has been used to distinguish fragments representing DNA sequences between the delta and beta genes and those containing sequences flanking either 5' to the delta gene or 3' to the beta gene. The results indicate that unique restriction fragments are presented in normal DNA and absent in Lepore DNA, and allow preliminary ordering of these fragments on a restriction enzyme map. In addition, the Lepore, delta--and beta-globin genes have been found to contain at least one inserted nucleotide sequence of about 1000 bases which is not represented in mature globin mRNA.
Global trends and patterns of drought from space

This paper analyzes changes in areas under droughts over the past three decades and alters our understanding of how amplitude and frequency of droughts differ in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH). Unlike most previous global-scale studies that have been based on climate models, this study is based on satellite gauge-adjusted precipitation observations. Here, we show that droughts in terms of both amplitude and frequency are more variable over land in the SH than in the NH. The results reveal no significant trend in the areas under drought over land in the past three decades. However, after investigating land in the NH and the SH separately, the results exhibit a significant positive trend in the area under drought over land in the SH, while no significant trend is observed over land in the NH. We investigate the spatial patterns of the wetness and dryness over the past three decades, and we show that several regions, such as the southwestern United States, Texas, parts of the Amazon, the Horn of Africa, northern India, and parts of the Mediterranean region, exhibit a significant drying trend. The global trend maps indicate that central Africa, parts of southwest Asia (e.g., Thailand, Taiwan), Central America, northern Australia, and parts of eastern Europe show a wetting trend during the same time span. The results of this satellite-based study disagree with several model-based studies which indicate that droughts have been increasing over land. On the other hand, our findings concur with some of the observation-based studies.
Effect of Alcohol on Bacterial Translocation in Rats

Bacterial translocation has been proposed to be important in the pathophysiology of sepsis, as well as to be a consequence of sepsis. To study the effect of alcohol on bacterial translocation from the gut, normal Sprague-Dawley rats were administered alcohol by gavage by two regimens: Acute (3.7 g/kg, one dose) or Subacute (1 of 2 doses, 2.4 or 3.7 g/kg/day once daily for 14 days). Mesenteric lymph node cultures were performed, and portal venous blood was assayed for endotoxin. Ileal and cecal permeability studies were performed in the Acute and Subacute groups using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextrans of either 4,000 or 70,000 kDa size. As an index of the effect of systemic endotoxin, tissues from mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and intestinal Peyer's patches were assayed for the presence of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor. Additionally, because extrapulmonary sepsis has been shown to suppress pulmonary antibacterial defenses, animals in the Subacute group were challenged by aerosol inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine bacterial clearance and alveolar cellular responses. The results show that neither of the alcohol regimens resulted in bacterial growth from mesenteric lymph nodes or portal blood. Animals in the Subacute group had more endotoxin present in portal blood than did the Control group (92.9 pg/ml vs. 40.2 pg/ml; p < 0.02). None of the animals had demonstrable mRNA for tumor necrosis factor in any of the tissues assayed. There were no demonstrable increases in ileal or cecal permeability for either the small or large molecular weight dextran in either alcohol group. Furthermore, there was no delay in the clearance of P. aeruginosa from the lung in the Subacute group, but these animals recruited fewer neutrophils into the airspaces in response to this challenge than did the Control animals. Thus, alcohol intoxication does not result in bacterial translocation from the gut in this model. Despite higher levels of portal venous endotoxin in the animals in the Subacute alcohol group, no adverse systemic consequences of this phenomenon could be demonstrated.
Fluorescence Quenching As A Parameter For Measuring Complex Formation Between Metal Ions And Aromatic Amino Acids And Peptides

Abstract The ultraviolet fluorescence of tryptophan and tyrosine is quenched when they are complexed with Cu++ and Ni++. Titrations of fixed amounts of the amino acids or their peptides with increments of metal ion performed in dilute buffered solutions, yield curves from which the binding constants of the 1:1 complexes can be determined by curve fitting. The association constants found by this method agree with those obtained by potentiometric titration. The binding of these metal ions to glycyl-L-tryptophan was also measured. Zn++, while not quenching tryptophan fluorescence upon binding, competes with Cu++, thus permitting the Zn++-tryptophan association constant to be found. Unlike potentiometric titration, fluorescence quenching would detect binding even when the metal ion does not displace H+. Inherent limitations of the method involve collisional quenching and self absorption artifacts at high reactant concentrations.
A new electron density profile in the liquid-vapor interface of liquid mercury from data of X-ray reflectivity

Applying a modified groove tracking method (GTM) and a smoothed groove tracking method (SGTM) to experimental data of X-ray reflectivity from liquid mercury at room temperature, we construct an electron density profile at the interface between mercury liquid and vapor. This profile differs from those constructed with model-dependent methods in that it contains essential features of the electron density profile of liquid mercury proposed by D'Evelyn and Rice and provides direct evidence of the existence of a layer of Hg vapor above the outermost layer of the liquid surface.
Academic Conservatives and the Future of Higher Education

Having largely disappeared from the humanities and social sciences, conservatives have become the Other in progressive discussions of higher education. Crucial to this othering is the ascription of personal faults, such as racism or a lack of interest in marginal student populations. This article presents an alternative view of academic conservative writers on higher education. Rather than focus on their policy recommendations, it focuses on their perceptions of contemporary higher education, and finds that academic conservatives (as distinct from many conservative politicians) argue for the same goals as their progressive counterparts: a strong program of liberal arts, critical thinking, and access to education for diverse student populations. It divides these writers into two broad categories for analysis: traditional conservatives and libertarians. Suggestions are provided for readers who wish to explore these ideas more fully.
Comparison of Monterey Pine Stress in Urban and Natural Forests

Monterey pine street trees within Carmel, California and its immediate vicinity, as well as forest-grown Monterey pine within adjacent natural stands, were sampled with regard to visual stress characteristics, and various environmental and biological variables. Two stress indices were computed, one hypothesized before data collection was based on relative foliage retention and color; the other was derived through principal component analysis of 10 visual stress characteristics. Both indices were highly correlated (r = 0·89). The more closed and generally denser forest stands led to increased plant competition that induced higher levels of stress for forest trees less than 50 cm in diameter when compared with urban street trees of comparable diameters. Urban tree stress generally increased with tree size due to increased internal shading of branches and loss of shade tolerance associated with aging. Differences in stress levels and stress factors are discussed from the standpoint of landscape ecology and implications for tree management are presented.
The reconstruction of community and jewish identity in russia

(1994). The reconstruction of community and jewish identity in russia. East European Jewish Affairs: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 35-56.
Fetal homicide: Emerging statutory and judicial regulation of third-party assaults against the fetus

Under common law, a crime resulting in the death of a fetus that was viable but not "born alive" was viewed as a transgression less serious than murder. Accordingly, courts did not allow parents to bring wrongful death suits for the death of a fetus. In the past decade, however, several states have amended their criminal or civil statutes to include the specific crime of "feticide" or "fetal homicide," and the Federal government is considering similar legislation. This paper examines the history and current status of criminal and civil law regarding the third-party killing of a fetus. Language: en
Nitrate toxicity in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)

Abstract Excess nitrate in aquaculture has traditionally been reduced by water exchange. Current trends in environmental regulation, however, are limiting the amount of water which may be consumed or discharged, reducing the ability to use large influxes of water to remediate excess nitrate. This will create significant challenges for the aquaculture community, as the etiology, effects and tolerable thresholds of nitrate are relatively unknown in fishes as compared to ammonia and nitrite. Three 96-h LC50 tests were conducted using 6.9 ± 0.31 g, 66.9 ± 3.4 g, and 673.8 ± 18.6 g Acipenser baeri, to determine baseline information regarding the sensitivity of this species to elevated nitrate as compared to other species, and determine if sensitivities are mediated by size. The 96-h LC50 results for nitrate-N for 6.9 ± 0.31 g, 66.9 ± 3.4 g and 673.8 ± 18.6 g fish were 1028 mg/l, 601 mg/l and 397 mg/l, respectively, indicating an increased susceptibility to nitrate with increasing size. Predictions of susceptibilities for larger animals based on linear extrapolation of the current data is also discussed. These findings reveal that nitrate may be a considerable concern for Siberian sturgeon reared in recirculating systems with limited water exchange.
Scattering and differaction of plane P waves by circular cylindrical canyons with variable depth-to-width ratio

The scattering and diffraction of plane ( P ) waves by a circular canyon with variable width-to-depth ratio has been studied in this paper. Series of Bessel function expansions have been used to solve the problem. To illustrate the results, the surface displacement amplitudes and phases are presented. The following parameters are found to affect the results: o 1. The angle of incidence, α , 2. The ratio of the canyon depth to canyon width, h/a , 3. The dimensionless frequency of the incident P wave, ν and 4. The Poisson's ratio, v The displacement amplitudes and phases on the ground surface show significant deviation from those of the uniform half-space motions, especially at high frequencies, when the wavelengths of the incident and scattered waves are small compared to the size of the canyon.
Gödel's gravitomagnet

The helical geodesics and the precession of torque-free gyroscopes in G\"odel's spacetime are very similar, at low translatory speeds, to the orbits of charged particles and the precession of magnetic dipoles in a uniform magnetic field. The Lorentz boost of the gyroscope's angular velocity of precession is obtained by comparing the behavior of gyroscopes on arbitrary geodesics.
Exploring the psychological foundations of ethical positions in marketing

While demographic variables may ease the exploration of marketing ethics, psychological variables may provide more insight into individual differences in making ethical judgments. This article uses path analysis to explore relationships among cognitive style as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Forsyth's ethical ideologies, and perceptions of moral judgments about ethical behaviors in marketing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Where is the body in the mental model for a story

Researchers in the field of discourse processing have investigated how mental models are constructed when adults comprehend stories. They have explored the process of encoding various classes of inferences “on-line” when these mental microworlds are constructed during comprehension. This commentary addresses the extent to which these inferences and mental microworlds are “embodied.”
ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF ELOPEMENT: A REPLICATION AND EXTENSION

The current investigation replicated and extended the assessment and treatment methodology of elopement. The environmental variables that maintained elopement were identified in each case, and successful treatments were implemented for the 3 participants in settings that were similar to those in which elopement occurred.
A Gendered Perspective on Student Involvement in Collegiate Clubs and Organizations in Christian Higher Education

The theory of student involvement (Astin, 1984) acknowledges that as students devote time and energy to educationally purposeful activities, they can expect to make cognitive and affective gains throughout the college years. Participation in clubs and organizations is one form of involvement associated with a host of learning and developmental gains. Compared to other demographic groups, male college students may be more at risk of missing some of these gains because they show lower participation rates in cocurricular activities (Pike, Kuh, & Gonyea, 2003). Hierarchical multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the predictors of men's and women's involvement in collegiate clubs and organizations. Samples consisted of senior-year men (N = 554) and women (N = 991) who attended faith-based liberal arts institutions and completed the 2002 Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) and 2006 College Senior Survey (CSS) instruments. Students’ entry characteristics, goal...
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN INHIBITS PROSTATIC EPITHELIAL BUD FORMATION BY ACTING DIRECTLY ON THE UROGENITAL SINUS

ABSTRACTPurpose:: In utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure causes lobe specific inhibition of prostate development in C57BL/6 mice due primarily to region specific inhibition of prostatic epithelial bud formation by the urogenital sinus (UGS). This inhibition requires that the receptor for TCDD, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), must be present. We tested the hypothesis that TCDD inhibits prostatic epithelial bud formation by acting directly on the UGS.Materials and Methods:: UGSs were removed from WT and AhR null mutant (AhRKO) male C57BL/6 mice on gestation day 14 and incubated in vitro with vehicle, 10−8 M testosterone or 10−8 M testosterone plus 10−9 M TCDD for 5 days. Budding was evaluated by a newly developed technique, namely scanning electron microscopy of UGS epithelium after removal of UGS mesenchyme.Results:: Few buds were present in UGSs of either genotype in the absence of testosterone, while many were observed when testosterone was present. TCDD prevent...
Methoprene and synergized pyrethrins as aerosol treatments to control Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), the Indian meal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Aerosol insecticides (also known as ULV or fogging treatments) delivered through an ultra-low-volume application system, are available commercially to control insect pests such as Plodia interpunctella Hubner, the Indian meal moth. However, little is known about the susceptibility of eggs of P. interpunctella to aerosol insecticides applied in active field sites. We conducted several trials by exposing eggs of P. interpunctella to synergized pyrethrins, alone and in combination with the insect growth regulator methoprene. Eggs in diets and packaging materials containing the food products were directly exposed to the aerosols. There was significant variation among the food products, as assessed by adult emergence from exposed eggs, but in general there was no difference in adult emergence from eggs exposed to a 1% versus a 3% pyrethrin formulation when methoprene was included. There was no difference in efficacy between diets and diet packages placed in open areas versus areas that were in some way obstructed to the aerosol. Adult emergence was generally reduced in the treatment combinations compared to untreated controls. A partial budget analysis indicated that the combination treatment of 1% pyrethrins + methoprene represented the lowest risk, lowest cost, and would seem to be the optimum combination. Results show that field applications of aerosols could be used to control P. interpunctella in storage facilities.
A Combined Pore Blockage and Cake Filtration Model for Protein Fouling during Microfiltration.

Previous studies of protein fouling during microfiltration have shown significant discrepancies between filtrate flux data and predictions of the classical pore blockage, pore constriction, and cake filtration models. A new mathematical model was developed for the filtrate flux which accounts for initial fouling due to pore blockage and subsequent fouling due to the growth of a protein cake or deposit over these initially blocked regions. The model explicitly accounts for the inhomogeneity in the cake layer thickness over different regions of the membrane arising from the time-dependent blockage of the pore surface. The model was shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental data obtained during the stirred cell filtration of bovine serum albumin solutions through polycarbonate track-etched microfiltration membranes over the entire course of the filtration. The model provides a smooth transition from the pore blockage to cake filtration regimes, eliminating the need to use different mathematical formulations to describe these two phenomena. In addition, the model provides the first quantitative explanation for some of the unusual observations reported previously in investigations of protein microfiltration. The results provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of protein fouling during microfiltration.
On bioinformatics and cognitive informatics: Emerging pattern, dissipative structure, and evolving cognition

Bioinformatics is the comprehensive applications of mathematics, science, and a core set of problem-solving methods to the understanding of living systems. It will have profound impacts on all fields of biological and medical sciences. Cognitive informatics studies cognition and information sciences that investigates the processes of the natural intelligence. As both fields continue their rapid development and progress, it is the central challenge to understand the biological basis of cognition, perception, learning, memory, thought, and mind. This paper briefly reviews the intersections and connections between these two emerging fields through a systems view of emerging pattern, dissipative structure, and evolving cognition of living systems. It is hoped that this brief review draws further exploration of our understanding of biological nature of process of mind-cognition.
Shell-model operator for KJ-band splitting in odd-A nuclei

Abstract A shell-model operator is introduced that generates Kj-band splitting in odd-A nuclei, where KJ=KL+KS is the projection of the total angular momentum, J = L+S, on the principal symmetry axis of the system. An expression is given for the matrix elements of this K 2J operator in angular-momentum-projected and spin-coupled basis states of the SU(3) scheme. Eigenvalues of the K 2J operator in the leading normal-SU(3) symmetry for 25Mg and the leading pseudo-SU(3) symmetries for 159Dy and 165Fr are compared with the corresponding quantum rotor results. Shell-model results for the ds-shell nucleus21Ne with 17O single-particle energies and only the three residual interactions Q·Q,J2 and K 2J are shown to compare favorably with experiment and an analysis based on a realistic (renormalized two-body form fit to experimental data) ds-shell interaction. The K 2J operator is also the appropriate form for integral S≠0 configurations in even-A nuclei with matrix elements that reduce to those of the previously defined K 2L operator in S = 0 states.
Intra-Audience Effects: A Field Test

Audience feedback has been demonstrated to result in intra-audience effects in addition to having effects on message sources. This experiment was designed to demonstrate intra-audience effects in a naturalistic field setting. Sixty male and female undergraduates were required as part of a bogus class assignment to go to a bar on one of two nights and “observe communication behaviors in the field.” A group of about 30 confederates attended both nights, one night giving positive responses to the band and the other night giving negative responses. Subjects filled out a questionnaire in their classes on the day following participation. Results supported predictions that observable audience responses would affect subjects' evaluations of the band and the length of time spent at the bar.
Crystal-structure dependence of electroactive properties in differently prepared poly(vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene) copolymer films

The electroactive properties of two random copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) were studied. The compositions were 95/5 and 85/15 mol % P(VDF/HFP). For each composition, three different film-preparation methods were used—solvent casting, melt-pressed quenched, and melt-pressed slow-cooled. The ferroelectric properties observed were strongly dependent on the preparation methods of the films as well as the HFP molar content of the samples. The highest remanent polarizations (Pr) obtained from electric displacement versus electric field (D-E) hysteresis data are 80 and 50 mC/m2 for the 5 and 15% HFP solvent-cast samples, respectively. The slow-cooled samples do not exhibit any ferroelectric behavior for either the 5 or 15% HFP copolymers. It was also observed that both the 5 and 15% HFP slow-cooled samples have a smaller electrostrictive response relative to the other two types of samples. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and DSC results suggest that the 5% HFP sample has a higher crystallinity relative to the 15% HFP sample for each preparation method. In addition, different crystal phases form in the samples resulting from the different preparation methods. Fourier transform infrared results suggest that the slow-cooled samples are in the nonpolar α phase, whereas the quenched and solvent-cast samples are more likely in the polar β phase. The slow-cooled samples do not show a switching peak in their nonpolar α-phase crystalline state. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2793–2799, 2001
Two-level checkpoint/restart modeling for GPGPU

Due to the fact that the reliability and availability of a large scaled system inverse to the number of computing elements, fault tolerance has become a major concern in high performance computing (HPC) including a very large system with GPGPU. In this paper, we propose a checkpoint/restart mechanism model which employs two-phase protocol and a latency hiding technique such as CUDA streams in order to achieve a low checkpoint overhead. We introduce GPU checkpoint and restart protocols. Also, we show experimental results and analyze the influences of the mechanism, especially in a long-running application.
Non-enzymatic reaction of fluoro-oxalacetic acid with pyridine nucleotides.

β-FLUORO-OXALACETIC acid is a powerful inhibitor of malic dehydrogenase1 and glutamic-aspartic transaminase2. We have recently observed that relatively high concentrations (10 mM) of fluoro-oxalacetate also inhibit the reduction of triphosphopyridine nucleotide by L-malate at pH 7.4 catalysed by the ‘malic enzyme’3 of chicken liver. The triphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent decarboxylation of oxalacetate at pH 4.5 by this enzyme is inhibited to a greater extent by fluoro-oxalacetate. In the course of this work we found that fluoro-oxalacetate reacts non-enzymatically with di- and tri-phosphopyridine nucleotides, and with some analogues4 of these coenzymes, to form fluorescent addition compounds. These reactions occur rapidly at 25° in the pH-range of 9–10. Oxalacetic acid does not react with diphosphopyridine nucleotide under these conditions. Our experiments suggest that fluoro-oxalacetate reacts at carbon-4 of the pyridine ring of the nucleotides in a manner similar to carbonyl compounds such as acetone and dihydroxyacetone5. Fluoro-oxalacetate, unlike oxalacetate, is not appreciably enolized in solution, even at high pH1,6. The presence of a fluorine atom on the β-carbon of fluoro-oxalacetic acid probably favours the formation of a carbanion in alkaline solution and thus facilitates a nucleophilic attack on carbon-4 of the pyridine ring.
Vitamin D for the treatment of respiratory diseases: Is it the end or just the beginning?

A large number of human, animal and in vitro studies have suggested that vitamin D3 (VD3) plays a critical role in inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and allergic rhinitis. VD3 acts upon a broad range of immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases including T-cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B-cells. In addition, VD3 can also regulate the functions of a number of non-immune cells including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Given that VD3 has known effects on the immune system, it seems logical that supplementation with VD3 would prove efficacious in the treatment of these three diseases. While many studies, most of which are observational, have suggested that VD3 deficiency is associated with more severe disease, VD3 supplementation trials in humans have resulted in varied outcomes in terms of efficacy. In this review article we will discuss the role of VD3 in these three commonly associated respiratory diseases. We will explore the literature describing associations of VD3 deficiency with patient outcomes, cells in the respiratory microenvironment susceptible to VD3 regulation, conflicting results of VD3 supplementation trials, and potential gaps in our knowledge that may be limiting the widespread use of VD3 for the treatment of respiratory diseases such asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
Steady-state distribution of phosphate across the membrane of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell.

Abstract 1. 1. The steady-state concentrations of chloride, mono- and divalent phosphate ions in the cellular and extracellular phases of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were determined. 2. 2. The distribution ratios of these ions were: [Cl − ] cell − [Cl − ] ex. = 0.365 , [HPO 4 2− ] cell 1 2 [HPO 4 2− ] ex. 1 2 = 0.385 and [H 2 PO 4 − ] cell [H 2 PO 4 − ] ex. = 0.627 . 3. 3. These results indicate that the divalent ion is passively distributed across the tumor cell membrane, while the monovalent ion is not.
The premature deposition or lysis of glycogen in livers of fetal rats injected with hydrocortisone or glucagon.

Abstract Glycogen deposition in fetal rat liver was produced prematurely and in increased amounts by the administration of hydrocortisone to intact fetuses in utero . Extensive glycogenolysis, like that normally occurring in neonatal livers, was brought about prenatally by the administration of glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP to fetal rats 1–2 days before term. The concomitant rise in the level of glucose-6-phosphatase was not causally related to this process since actinomycin D prevented the rise in the level of this enzyme without preventing glycogenolysis. Large doses of glucagon (or dibutyryl cyclic AMP) injected to pregnant rats did not cause glycogen depletion in the fetal livers indicating that this hormone is not transmitted to the fetal circulation. The results suggest that glucocorticoids secreted by the fetal rat initiate the prenatal deposition of liver glycogen and that glucagon, secreted during the neonatal state of hypoglycemia, causes glycogenolysis in the newborn.
Ultrastructure of intranuclear annulate lamellae in giant cells of rat placenta.

The ultrastructure of intranuclear annulate lamellae (IAL) in placental giant cells of the rat was studied. Placentae, taken from Sprague—Dawlay rats on day 9 through day 14 of gestation, were fixed in 3 % glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1 % osmic acid and embedded in Epon. IAL were rare in 9-day specimens and usually consisted of short lamellae closely associated with the internal nuclear envelope. They increased in frequency and size with time and became quite obvious in thick sections stained with toluidine blue. Electron micrographs revealed curved, linear, or branched profiles of IAL up to 8 μ in length. Continuity of their membranes with the internal nuclear membrane was occasionally evident. The pores of the IAL measured 1100–1600 A center-to-center and contained central dense granules. The IAL were surrounded by a moderately electron-opaque matrix in which granules 100–150 A in diameter could occasionally be observed. In one specimen IAL were in direct contact with a nucleolus. Here granules 140–160 A in diameter were arranged around the periphery of the IAL. These granules were separated from the IAL by a sleeve of matrix. The significance of these observations as related to the origin and function of IAL is discussed.