cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light-induced cracking and abrasion of inkjet prints: Damage and mitigation

This study is part of a larger research project at the Image Permanence Institute dedicated to digital print preservation issues – the Digital Print Preservation Portal (DP3). Previous DP3 studies determined that certain digital print types are prone to cracking and/or abrasion, and that factors such as low relative humidity, pollutants, and light increase the brittleness of the ink-receiving layer of some inkjet papers. The purpose of this investigation was to explore if light also increases the propensity of inkjet prints to abrade, and to examine the potential of framing glazings to mitigate light-induced physical damage (cracking and abrasion) by attenuating some portion of the UV spectrum. Inkjet papers and prints were subjected to xenon lighting (to simulate daylight through window glass) without glazing, or in sealed framing packages with plain framing glass (soda-lime) or UV filtering glass. Before and after light exposure, brittleness, and abrasion resistance were evaluated independently using tw...
Large woody debris in urban stream channels: redefining the problem

Large woody debris (LWD) is an important ecological element in rivers and streams. Despite its importance, LWD is often removed from urban stream channels for flood control or road maintenance purposes, an approach with high economic and ecological costs and one that is largely unsuccessful. We propose an approach to conserve LWD in channels by modifying infrastructure (culverts and bridges) to allow LWD passage, maintaining aquatic habitat and reducing flooding and road maintenance costs. In Soquel Creek (California, USA), which has a history of LWD-related flooding, we compared long-term LWD management costs of historical, current and a LWD-passing approach whereby infrastructure is enlarged to accommodate LWD passage downstream. We estimated costs of infrastructure replacement, programmatic flood control (LWD removal), LWD-related flood damage and lost aquatic habitat. The amount of lost aquatic habitat was determined by comparing LWD loading (pieces m−1) in Soquel Creek (0.007 pieces m−1) to nearby unmanaged streams (0.054 to 0.106 pieces m−1). Estimated costs of infrastructure able to pass LWD were nearly double that of historical costs but comparable to current costs. The LWD-passing approach was comparable to removal approaches in the short term (1 to 50 years) but much less in the long term (51 to 100 years), as expenditures in infrastructure replacement to accommodate LWD yielded reductions in flooding costs and habitat loss. Given the urgency to maintain and restore aquatic habitat, the proposed approach may be broadly applicable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resonance seeking control

An adaptive control method that seeks the unknown resonant frequency of a load and drives it at its resonant frequency to achieve optimal performance is proposed and investigated. The method is based on estimating the derivative of the average power delivered to the load with respect to the driving frequency and using this estimate to adaptively control the driving frequency. The estimate of the derivative of the average power is obtained by sinusoidally perturbing the driving frequency and synchronously demodulating the average power delivered to the load. Assuming that the driving frequency is sufficiently large compared to the amplitude of sinusoidal perturbation, a nonlinear model that accurately predicts the performance of the resonance seeking control system is developed. This developed model is subsequently linearized to obtain a linear time-invariant model that facilitates both analysis and design of the resonance seeking control system. Based on the developed linear time-invariant model, guidelines for designing the resonance seeking control system are also provided. The results are illustrated by several examples
Observation of wave-wave interactions in the stratosphere

Data from the LIMS instrument for January 1979 are used to provide further evidence for the often observed vacillation between the amplitudes of waves 1 and 2 in the stratosphere. The vacillation is shown to result primarily from nonlinear wave-wave interactions within the stratosphere. Two ways of interpreting nonlinearity are discussed. In the first, the basic state is defined to include large amplitude waves as well as the mean zonal wind. A forced wave propagates with respect to this asymmetric basic state, which can lead to changes in the conventional zonal wavenumber measured at one latitude. The other view of nonlinearity, interaction of wave with the zonal flow and with other wavenumbers are considered separately. Wave-wave interactions among waves 1, 2 and 3 are calculated. The derivation and computation of wave-wave interaction terms in the potential enstrophy balance are given. The observations indicate that enstrophy transfer among waves can be substantial even when the amplitude of one of the contributing waves is small. The computed enstrophy balance also demonstrates that wave-wave interactions can have a large effect on the interaction of waves with the mean flow.
WHY A KILN? FIRING TECHNOLOGY IN THE SIERRA DE LOS TUXTLAS, VERACRUZ (MEXICO)*

The benefits of one ceramic firing technology over another are not absolute, but depend upon the interaction of multiple environmental, economic and social factors, as well as the specific design of firing facilities. The coexistence of updraft kilns and open firing methods in the Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, for over 1700 years provides a case-in-point. Evaluation of the performance characteristics of ancient and modern firing technologies in relation to their natural and behavioural contexts offers a more secure basis for understanding this specific historical instance of long-term polymorphism than explanations based in the generalized technological advantages of kilns or their cross-cultural association with intensive modes of production.
Status and performance of the CALIOP lidar

The Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is the primary instrument on the CALIPSO satellite, which is scheduled to launch in 2005. CALIOP will provide profiles of total backscatter at two wavelengths, from which aerosol and cloud profiles will be derived. The instrument also measures the linear depolarization of the backscattered return, allowing discrimination of cloud phase and the identification of the presence of non-spherical aerosols. CALIOP is complete and has been tested in a ground-based configuration. This paper provides information on basic characteristics and performance of CALIOP.
How to bring your kids up sadomasochist: Intimate-partner violence and the Twilight phenomenon

Critics, bloggers, and others have expressed concern that the extremely popular Twilight series of vampire romance novels and films presents a romanticized portrait of intimate-partner violence. In this field note, I argue that a sex-positive response to the issues raised by these works might involve not just educating their core audience of teenage girls about the dangers of abuse, but also appreciating the appeal of fantasies of submission.
Gullah Island Dispute Resolution An Example of Afrocentric Restorative Justice

Restorative justice has been suggested as a means to deal with disproportionate minority confinement and other social problems within communities of color, specifically the Black community. However, scholars and practitioners have pointed out cultural concerns that must be addressed in the restorative justice process. Afrocentric theory and its principles have been suggested as a way to deal with the cultural concerns within the restorative justice process. This article examines the contemporary and historical means of informal dispute resolution in the Gullah Islands of South Carolina. These strategies of dispute or conflict resolution were used to deal with crime, delinquency, civil matters, community grievances, and other social wrongs outside the traditional common and civil legal systems. Through on-site in-depth interviews, focus groups, and an analysis of archival documents, the research determined that the strategies used on the Gullah Islands fell within the Afrocentric restorative justice model.
A structure-information approach to the prediction of biological activities and properties

The structure-information approach to quantitative biological modeling and prediction is presented in contrast to the mechanism-based approach. Basic structure information is developed from the chemical graph (connection table). The development, beginning with information explicit in the connection table (element identity and skeletal connections), leads to significant structure information useful for establishing sound models of a wide range of properties of interest in drug design. Skeletal branching patterns and valence state definition lead to relationships for valence-state electronegativity and atom or group molar volumes. Based on these important aspects of molecules, both the electrotopological state (E-State) and molecular-connectivity structure descriptors (chi indices) are developed. A summary of QSAR models indicates the wide range of applicability of these structure descriptors and the predictive quality of QSAR models for protein binding, HIV-1 protease inhibition, blood-brain-barrier partitioning, fish toxicity, carcinogenicity risk, structure space for similarity searching, and data mining. These models are independent of three-dimensional structure information and are directly interpretable in terms of structure information useful to the drug-design process.
Postnatal development of regional binding of corticotropin-releasing factor and adenylate cyclase activity in the rat brain

Abstract Pihoker Catherine, Scott T. Cain and Charles B. Nemeroff: Postnatal Development of Regional Binding of Corticotropin-releasing Factor and Adenylate Cyclase Activity in the Rat Brain. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1992: 16 (4) : 581–586. 1. 1. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in the endocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stress. The distribution of CRF and CRF receptors in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic brain regions is consistent with its stress-related functions. 2. 2. In most brain regions, CRF acts primarily, if not exclusively, through activation of the adenylate cyclase systems. 3. 3. While previous studies have demonstrated the prenatal presence of CRF receptors, in the early postnatal period the abundance of CRF receptors relative Co the magnitude of CRF-stimulated cAMP production suggests that CRF receptors are not fully linked to adenylate cyclase. 4. 4. Because of our interest in the possible involvement of CRF signal transduction in the development of the neonatal stress response, we have examined postnatal development of CRF receptors in relation to adenylate cyclase activity in the rat. 5. 5. CRF binding decreased significantly in the hippocampus and striatum from postnatal days 7–21. Basal adenylate cyclase activity peaked in the second-third week of postnatal life in each brain region. Preliminary studies suggest that early stress can alter the maturation of second messenger systems in the frontal cortex.
Numerical Scaling Studies of Kinetically-Limited Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth with Accelerated Stochastic Simulations

A stochastic atomic-scale lattice-based numerical method based on the Exact Lattice First Passage Time method was developed for the simulation of the early stages of kinetically controlled electrochemical nucleation and growth. Electrochemical reaction and surface diffusion on a hexagonal lattice was accounted for in a pristine physical model system that included edge diffusion along steps, and movement over step edges with Ehrlich-Schwobel barrier. Five cases were investigated: homoexpitaxy, heteroepitaxy, multi-layer growth, terraces, and confined regions. For each, the influence of the physical parameters, deposition conditions, and system geometry on growth morphology was investigated. Simulation based studies of multilayer surface morphology were able to distinguish between layer-by-layer and island growth modes. On stepped terraces, parameter regions associated with he surface diffusion to deposition flux ratio (D/F) and the Ehrlich-Schwobel barrier were identified under which deposition occurred either at the step edge or by nucleation and growth of islands on the terraces. The probability of growing single crystals in a small confined region was found to scale with D/F and the radius squared. © 2014 The Electrochemical Society.
A machine learning framework for trait based genomics

Microbial communities perform many important ecological functions across a wide range of natural and man-made environments. Recently, the utility of trait based approaches for microbial communities has been identified. Increasing availability of whole genome sequences provide the opportunity to explore the genetic foundations of a variety of functional traits. In this paper, we proposed a machine learning framework to quantitatively link the genotype with functional traits. Genes from bacteria genomes belonging to different functional trait groups were grouped to Cluster of Orthologs (COGs), and were used as features. Then, TF-IDF technique from the text mining domain was applied to transform the data to accommodate the abundance and importance of each COG. After TF-IDF processing, COGs were ranked using feature selection methods to identify their relevance to the functional trait of interest. We focused on a binary functional trait in this paper, but plan to extend our approach to continuous functional traits in the future. Experimental results demonstrated that functional trait related genes can be detected using our method.
Friction-contact analysis using a mixed finite element method

Abstract Presented in this paper is a consistent approach to the formulation of a mixed finite element method for friction-contact analysis. Finite element equations are derived from a perturbed Lagrangian variational principle, based on which both the displacements and contact pressure in an element were independently approximated. In the finite element approximation, special attention was given to the choice of pressure parameters by suppressing all non-contact modes of deformation. This process is able to alleviate any numerical instability problems. The effect of interface friction between two bodies in contact is modeled by a regularized Coulomb's law. Finite element stiffness equations for 4-noded and 6-noded two-dimensional contact elements were derived. Four examples are included to demonstrate the present formulation.
DNA methylation slows effects of C9orf72 mutations: An epigenetic brake on genetic inheritance.

Hexanucleotide expansion mutations in the C9orf72 gene are the most common autosomal dominant cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It remains unclear how C9orf72 expansions cause disease, with data to support 3 different hypotheses1: (1) loss of function due to decreased C9orf72 expression, (2) gain of function due to RNA foci that sequester critical proteins, and (3) gain of function due to expression of dipeptide repeat proteins encoded by the expansion.
Utilization of fertility-related services in the United States

To describe trends in the types of fertility-related medical services that women and/or their partners have received while trying to become pregnant, the author analyzed data from women aged 20-44 years who participated in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Advice (74%) and infertility testing (59%) were the most common types of fertility-related services received, and of those who received infertility testing, 66% responded that both partners were tested. Nearly half of the study population reported receiving drugs to improve ovulation.
Professor Xin-fang Wang from China is the Father of Modern Echocardiography

In May 2011 Professor Xin-fang Wang (王新房) from Wuhan, China was named the “Father of Modern Echocardiography” by the International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound (Fig. 1). In an auspicious ceremony, the certificate was presented to Professor Wang in Wuhan by Dr. Nanda, President of the Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound (Fig. 2). Although this exciting news was widely and appropriately publicized in China (Fig. 3), it was not well known in the rest of the world. Therefore, I would like to introduce Professor Wang in this editorial as well as the history and evolution of echocardiography in China under Professor Wang's influence.
Dietary Suppression of the Mammary CD29hiCD24+ Epithelial Subpopulation and Its Cytokine/Chemokine Transcriptional Signatures Modifies Mammary Tumor Risk in MMTV-Wnt1 Transgenic Mice

Diet is highly linked to breast cancer risk, yet little is known about its influence on mammary epithelial populations with distinct regenerative and hence, tumorigenic potential. To investigate this, we evaluated the relative frequency of lineage-negative CD29hiCD24+, CD29loCD24+ and CD29hiThy1+CD24+ epithelial subpopulations in pre-neoplastic mammary tissue of adult virgin MMTV-Wnt1-transgenic mice fed either control (Casein) or soy-based diets. We found that mammary epithelial cells exposed to soy diet exhibited a lower percentage of CD29hiCD24+Lin− population, decreased ability to form mammospheres in culture, lower mammary outgrowth potential when transplanted into cleared fat pads, and reduced appearance of tumor-initiating CD29hiThy1+CD24+ cells, than in those of control diet-fed mice. Diet had no comparable influence on the percentage of the CD29loCD24+Lin− population. Global gene expression profiling of the CD29hiCD24+subpopulation revealed markedly altered expression of genes important to inflammation, cytokine and chemokine signaling, and proliferation. Soy-fed relative to casein-fed mice showed lower mammary tumor incidence, shorter tumor latency, and reduced systemic levels of estradiol 17-β, progesterone and interleukin-6. Our results provide evidence for the functional impact of diet on specific epithelial subpopulations that may relate to breast cancer risk and suggest that diet-regulated cues can be further explored for breast cancer risk assessment and prevention.
The genetics of intervertebral disc degeneration. Associated genes.

Abstract Objectives To review current knowledge on genes associated with intervertebral disk degeneration. Methods A literature-based narrative review of the English language medical literature. Results and conclusions There are a number of genes that have been associated with intervertebral disk degeneration in humans, including genes coding for collagen I, collagen IX (COL9A2 and COL9A3), collagen XI (COL11A2), IL-1, aggrecan, vitamin D receptor, MMP-3, and CILP. For specific genes and some environmental factors, gene–gene, gene–environment and gene–age interactions may exist. Candidate–gene association studies have limitations in detecting the genetic basis of the disease because this approach relies on having predicted the correct genes on the basis of a biological hypothesis or the location of known linkage regions. Additional studies, including linkage analyses and whole genome scan studies in different populations and whole range of ages, are required to improve our understanding of the influence of the aforementioned genes on intervertebral disk degeneration and identify novel genes.
Authoritarianism, creativity, success, and failure among adolescents.

(1972). Authoritarianism, Creativity, Success, and Failure among Adolescents. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 219-226.
Security of open systems

As an enhancement to ISO's Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model, ECMA defines a security framework for distributed systems which is based on the concepts of security domains and security facilities. This paper describes a functional decomposition of the security of distributed systems, thus providing building blocks which can be specified and analysed in detail and can be used to establish a secure distributed processing environment for both private application software and public communication services such as electronic mail. The aim is to achieve both interoperability (openness) and a high level of confidence.
Thread Cluster Memory Scheduling

Memory schedulers in multicore systems should carefully schedule memory requests from different threads to ensure high system performance and fair, fast progress of each thread. No existing memory scheduler provides both the highest system performance and highest fairness. Thread Cluster Memory scheduling is a new algorithm that achieves the best of both worlds by differentiating latency-sensitive threads from bandwidth-sensitive ones and employing different scheduling policies for each.
Describing abuse of pregnant women and their healthcare workers in rural Appalachia.

PURPOSE: This study compared the past and current abuse experiences in two rural populations: pregnant women and their healthcare workers, the majority of whom were nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted with pregnant and postpartum women (n=247) and healthcare workers (HCW) (n=91) in two Appalachian counties in Ohio. A written survey was used to collect the data. RESULTS: In the HCW group, 17.6% (n=16) reported having experienced sexual abuse as children, as compared to 12.1% (n=30) of Mothers. In the HCW group 9.9% (n=9) reported violent treatment when they were children; the Mothers group reported this in 6.5% (n=16) of the cases. For the Mothers, 14.6% (n=36) reported violence during pregnancy, compared to 6.6% (n=6) of HCWs. Most HCWs (80.2%) reported times when they suspected clients might have experienced abuse or violence. Only 56% of HCWs said employers had policies about abuse assessment. Less than one half of the HCWs (40.7%) reported formal academic education preparing them to address abuse issues, and 83.5% reported needing more education to prepare them to work effectively with client abuse issues. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Assessment for abuse during pregnancy is an ongoing need. It is not known whether nurses and other healthcare workers who share the community's culture can effectively assess for abuse, due to their personal experiences involving abuse. Insufficient educational preparation for abuse assessment is common among healthcare professionals, and needs to be addressed. Additional research about the topic of cultural similarities and differences and their effects on abuse assessment are warranted. Language: en
Effects of autoimmune NGF deprivation in the adult rabbit and offspring.

Abstract An experimental autoimmune approach to the production of nerve growth factor deprivation, which we have previously described in the rat and guinea pig, has been applied to the rabbit. This species was chosen for study because of several potential advantages. The rabbit produces large litters and has a relatively short gestation period. More importantly, rabbits generate high titers of antibody against mouse NGF and large amounts of maternal antibody are passively transferred to the developing rabbit fetus compared to most other species, particularly the rat. The sympathetic nervous system of adult rabbit immunized against mouse NGF underwent degeneration with up to an 85% decrease in neuronal numbers in the superior cervical ganglion after 10 months of immunization, thus providing further evidence that NGF is required for the survival of mature sympathetic neurons. Despite the fact that newborn rabbits born to anti-NGF producing mothers had much higher titers of anti-NGF than did rats, the effects on the developing sympathetic and sensory nervous systems were not found to be any greater than in rats. Reductions in norepinephrine levels in the heart and spleen of adult rabbits born to anti-NGF producing mothers were greater than in small intestine. Prenatal exposure to maternal anti-NGF caused reductions (up to 70%) in the number of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia. Substance-P immunoreactivity was reduced in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord of rabbit exposed to maternal anti-NGF. These changes, however, were not greater than seen in the rat. We conclide that although the rabbits offers some advantage in the study of the effects of NGF deprivation in the adult animal, it appears less well suited than the rat or guinea pig to the study of the effects of NGF deprivation on development.
Unique abnormalities of CD4(+) and CD8(+) central memory cells associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease improve after extracorporeal photopheresis.

Abstract Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a problematic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Laboratory parameters correlated with cGVHD have not been fully defined, although changes in CD4/CD8 ratios occur and a decrease in CD4+ central memory T cells has been noted. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective therapy for steroid-refractory cGVHD. We have noted changes in lymphocyte subsets after ECP. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell central and effector memory populations were enumerated by flow cytometry in a cohort of 37 patients postallogeneic transplantation with symptomatic cGVHD. Of the patients with symptomatic cGVHD, 7 were treated with ECP over 6 months and prospectively assessed for changes in lymphocyte subsets. There was a highly significant correlation of an increase in CD8+ central memory cells and a concomitant decrease in CD4+ central memory cells in patients with symptomatic cGVHD. These changes were not detected in patients without cGVHD posttransplantation. In all, 7 patients with cGVHD followed up prospectively during ECP treatment showed a statistically significant normalization of the pattern of CD4+ and a trend toward normalization of CD8+ central memory T cells coincident with improvement of cGVHD. These data indicate a high correlation between disturbances in the balance of central and effector memory populations and cGVHD suggesting use in following up responses to therapy. The normalization of central and effector memory populations in response to ECP coincident with clinical improvement of cGVHD support a correlation between these laboratory parameters and cGVHD. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether laboratory measurements of the magnitude of changes in central and effector memory populations are useful prognostically or can be used to guide response to therapy. The contrasting change in central memory cells (CD8+ increased versus CD4+ decreased) in cGVHD provide support for recent reports suggesting unique differences in the differentiation pathways for CD8+ versus CD4+ T cells.
Stability of Kyphosis, Strength, and Physical Performance Gains 1 Year After a Group Exercise Program in Community-Dwelling Hyperkyphotic Older Women

Abstract Pawlowsky SB, Hamel KA, Katzman WB. Stability of kyphosis, strength, and physical performance gains 1 year after a group exercise program in community-dwelling hyperkyphotic older women. Objective To determine if subjects maintained improvements in kyphosis, spinal extensor strength, and physical performance 1 year after a 12-week multidimensional group exercise program. Design Follow-up data compared with posttest outcome measures. Setting Outpatient academic medical center. Participants Nineteen of the initial 21 women, ages 65 to 80, with thoracic kyphosis of 50° or greater at the onset of the study completed follow-up testing. Interventions Initial intervention included multidimensional group exercise performed 2 times a week for 12 weeks, consisting of spinal extensor strengthening, flexibility exercises, and integrated spinal proprioception training. Subjects exercised independently during the following year. Main Outcome Measures Primary measures at the 1-year follow-up were usual and best kyphosis. Secondary measures included spinal extensor strength, modified Physical Performance Test (PPT), and the Jug Test. Results Subjects maintained gains at the 1-year follow-up (P>.05). Best kyphosis improved by 3° during the follow-up year (P=.022). There were no significant declines in usual kyphosis (P=.302), spinal extensor strength (P=.999), PPT (P=.087), and the Jug Test (P=.999) at follow-up. Conclusions Hyperkyphotic women maintained gains in usual kyphosis, spinal extensor strength, and physical performance 1 year after a group exercise program. Improvement in best kyphosis in the year after the intervention was also observed. Detraining effects may be minimized by multidimensional exercises.
Some statistical issues in studies of the epidemiology of aids

Analyses of studies of the epidemiology and natural history of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and subsequent onset of AIDS are complicated by many statistical issues. Several such problems are associated with the nature of data collection which is often incomplete. Here we briefly survey some of the statistical methods that have been developed to meet the needs of analysis of AIDS data. In particular, we consider projection of the number of future cases, and estimation and identification of two key epi-demiological unknowns, namely the properties of the incubation distribution and those of the infectivity associated with transmission.
Was Montanism a Jewish-Christian Heresy?

The origins of the ‘montanist’ heresy are far from clear. This much is known, that it began in Phrygia (or Mysia) and that it must have originated before 172, when Montanus had his visions, and before 179, when the prophetess Maximilla is said to have died. It is also conjectured that ‘Montanism’, a name which does not occur before the fourth century, may have been a title attached to the heresy later, and that the earlier names ‘the New Prophecy’ and the ‘Phrygian or Kataphrygian heresy’ are more exact connotations for the movement. Of the two names I should prefer the first, for ‘the New Prophecy’ does not seem to have been a heresy in its beginnings: doctrinal aberrations came only in the later centuries. In view of these facts it is legitimate to ask whether ‘the New Prophecy’ was a Judeo-Christian group which broke off from the Church and still later became heretical, that is, that the movement existed in essence before the time of Montanus and his ladies but that it was only in his day that it became a separate movement.
Body part representations in verbal semantics

Embodied theories of language propose that word meaning is inextricably tied to—grounded in—mental representations of perceptual, motor, and affective experiences of the world. The four experiments described in this article demonstrate that accessing the meanings of action verbs like smile, punch, and kick requires language understanders to activate modality-specific cognitive representations responsible for performing and perceiving those same actions. The main task used is a word-image matching task, where participants see an action verb and an image depicting an action. Their task is to decide as quickly as possible whether the verb and the image depict the same action. Of critical interest is participants’ behavior when the verb and image do not match, in which case the two actions can use the same effector or different effectors. In Experiment 1, we found that participants took significantly longer to reject a verb-image pair when the actions depicted by the image and denoted by the verb used the same effector than when they used different effectors. Experiment 2 yielded the same result when the order of presentation was reversed, replicating the effect in Cantonese. Experiment 3 replicated the effect in English with a verb-verb near-synonym task, and in Experiment 4, we once again replicated the effect with learners of English as a second language. This robust interference effect, whereby a shared effector slows discrimination, shows that language understanders activate effector-specific neurocognitive representations during both picture perception and action word understanding.
Solvability of the inverse scattering problem for the Landau-Lifshitz equation, I

Abstract The Cauchy problem for the Landau-Lifshitz equation of one-dimensional ferromagnets with biaxial anisotropy can be reduced to the inverse scattering problem for the L-M pair and then to the 2×2 matrix Riemann problem for a torus. The solvability of this problem in the class of holomorphic matrices is not investigated till now. Nonsolvability of this problem could mean that whether some scattering data correspond to no initial wave configuration or the wave collapses at some moment of time. This situation is typical, apparently, for reflective finite-zone potentials. In this paper we consider the solitonless case for fast-decreasing potentials. We show that the matrix Riemann problem and, hence, the inverse scattering problem are solvable in this case.
Tris(oxazolinyl)boratomagnesium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrocoupling of Organosilanes with Amines, Hydrazine, and Ammonia

We report magnesium-catalyzed cross-dehydrocoupling of Si–H and N–H bonds to give Si–N bonds and H2. A number of silazanes are accessible using this method, as well as silylamines from NH3 and silylhydrazines from N2H4. Kinetic studies of the overall catalytic cycle and a stoichiometric Si–N bond-forming reaction suggest nucleophilic attack by a magnesium amide as the turnover-limiting step.
Exact dimer statistics and characteristic polynomials of cacti lattices

The pruning method developed earlier by one of the authors (K.B.) combined with the operator method is shown to yield powerful recursive relations for generating functions for dimer statistics and characteristic polynomials of cacti graphs and cacti lattices. The method developed is applied to linear cacti, Bethe cacti of any length containing rings of any size, and cyclic cacti of any length and size. It is shown that exact dimer statistics can be done on any cactus lattice.
Making the Managerial Presidency: Comprehensive Reorganization Planning, 1905-1980

The Description for this book, Making the Managerial Presidency: Comprehensive Reorganization Planning, 1905-1980, will be forthcoming.
Associations between dietary patterns and flow cytometry-measured biomarkers of inflammation and cellular activation in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid Artery MRI Study.

Background Specific foods and overall dietary patterns are associated with soluble biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial activation. However, no large epidemiological studies have evaluated relationships between such dietary factors and cell-specific markers of activation and inflammation as measured by flow cytometry.
How does the shape of the cardiac action potential control calcium signaling and contraction in the heart

The function of the heart is to pump blood through the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. To do this, the atria and ventricles must contract in a precise sequence in response to a conducted electrical signal, the action potential (AP).
Urologic and anorectal complications of sacrococcygeal teratomas: Prenatal and postnatal predictors

Abstract Purpose Anorectal and urologic sequelae are observed in long-term survivors of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). In this study we evaluate the incidence and predictors of anorectal and urologic complications in SCT. Methods A retrospective review was performed for all SCT patients who underwent resection at a single institution between 2000 and 2012. Enrollment criteria included a minimum of 12months follow-up. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and continuous variables by Mann Whitney test (p Results Forty-five patients were studied. Anorectal complications occurred in 29%, including severe chronic constipation (n=13) and fecal incontinence (n=4). Urologic complications occurred in 33%, including neurogenic bladder (n=12), vesicoureteral reflux (n=5), and urinary incontinence (n=7). Prenatal imaging by fetal MRI demonstrated mass effect with obstruction of the bowel (n=4) or bladder and collecting system (n=7) in a subset of patients with postnatal complications (anorectal 4/4, PPV 100%; urologic 6/7, PPV 86%). Postnatal complications were associated with obstructive findings on prenatal imaging, prenatal therapeutic interventions, Altman classification, perineal reconstruction, and tumor recurrence. No anorectal or urologic complications occurred in patients with Altman type I tumors. Conclusions Urologic and anorectal complications are common in patients with SCT. Higher Altman classification and prenatal imaging suggestive of intestinal or urologic obstruction should prompt focused prenatal counseling and postnatal screening for anorectal and urologic dysfunction.
Performance comparison of join on hypercube and mesh

In this paper, we compare the performance of two join algorithms on a cube and on a multidimensional mesh architectures. The algorithms are nested-loop and sort-merge joins. The study confirms that a higher connectivity architecture is faster and has a wider performance bandwidth. The sort-merge join algorithm is better for a small number of nodes, but it becomes worse than the nested-loop join algorithm as the number of nodes gets larger and the join selectivity gets large, especially for the simpler mesh architecture. The study also shows that the 3-dimensional mesh architecture has performance comparable to the more complicated cube architecture for the medium number of nodes in a system.
Visualizing filamentous actin on lipid bilayers by atomic force microscopy in solution

The surface structure of actin filaments (F-actin) was visualized at high resolution, by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous solution, in large paracrystals prepared on positively charged lipid monolayers. The increased stability of these closely packed specimens allowed us to show that both the long pitch (38 nm) and the monomer (5.8 nm) can be directly resolved by AFM in the contact mode. The right-handed helical surface, distinguishable in high resolution images, was compared with reconstructed models based on electron microscopy. The height of the rafts, a measure of the actin filament diameter, was 10 +/- 1 nm, whereas the smaller inter-filament distance, 8 +/- 1 nm, was consistent with interdigitation of the filaments. The 10 +/- 1 nm F-actin diameter is in good agreement with the results of fibre X-ray diffraction. As such specimens are relatively easy to prepare without specialized equipment, this method may allow the study of the thin filaments in which F-actin-associated proteins are also present.
Human herpesvirus 8-encoded cytokines.

Human herpesvirus (HHV) -8, also called Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, was discovered in 1994 and was rapidly sequenced, revealing several unique and surprising features of its genetic makeup. Among these discoveries was the identification of the first viral homolog of IL-6 and three CC/β-chemokine ligands (viral CCL-1, -2 and -3), not previously found in γ-herpesviruses. Viral IL-6 was immediately recognized as a potential contributor to HHV-8 pathogenesis, specifically endothelial-derived Kaposi’s sarcoma and the B-cell malignancy multicentric Castleman’s disease with which IL-6, a proangiogenic and B-cell growth factor, had previously been implicated. The roles of the viral chemokines were speculated to involve immune evasion; however, like viral IL-6, the viral chemokines have the potential to contribute to pathogenesis through their shared angiogenic activities, known to be important for Kaposi’s sarcoma and HHV-8-associated primary effusion lymphoma, and also via direct prosurvival activit...
Chaperones in autophagy

Abstract Cells continuously turn over proteins through cycles of synthesis and degradation in order to maintain a functional proteome and to exert a tight control in the levels of regulatory proteins. Selective degradation of proteins was initially thought to be an exclusive function of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, however, over the years, the contribution of lysosomes to this selective degradation, through the process of autophagy, has become consolidated. In this context, molecular chaperones, classically associated with protein folding, unfolding and assembling have been revealed as important modulators of selectivity during the autophagic process. Here, we review this relatively new role of chaperones in mediating selective autophagy and comment on how alterations of this function can lead to human pathologies associated to proteotoxicity.
The Coagulation of Soot Particles with van der Waals Forces

A detailed calculation of the coagulation kinetics of a soot aerosol has been performed by simulating numerically the coagulation kinetics with the inclusion of van der Waals forces. The van der Waals forces between two soot particles at 1600 K and 1 atmosphere give rise 10 a collision rate enhancement which varies between a maximum of about 2.4 for 1 nm diameter particles to just over 1 for particles of dissimilar sizes. The total coagulation rate with the estimated enhancement factors was about twice the unenhanced rates; this compares favorably with experiment. Over the duration of the computation the soot aerosol size distribution approaches closely the self-preserving form, whether or not the collisional enhancement factors are included.
Deep Gray Matter Involvement on Brain MRI Scans Is Associated with Clinical Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND Conventional brain MRI lesion measures have unreliable associations with clinical progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Gray matter imaging may improve clinical-MRI correlations.
Liquid-waste injection planning via goal programming

Abstract In this paper, applications of linear goal programming techniques to the analysis of design, management and operational problems in the deep-well injection industry are investigated. Deep-well injection is a method of hazardous waste disposal where liquid or liquefiable wastes are pumped under controlled rate and pressure into confined formations that have no other potential use. A typical liquid waste injection system is modeled as a linear goal program to study and resolve the effects of conflicting objectives such as cost, environmental regulations, equipment utilization and waste-water quality requirements before injection. The model is validated using actual data obtained from a waste-water disposal complex in Odessa, Texas. The goal program is solved for the best disposal system design and operating policies that would not only enable the plant to meet the Environmental Protection Agency's standards, but best minimize capital investment, annual operating expense and deviations from the waste-water quality requirements before injection. Justification of the use of the model is presented by comparing the actual design and operating policies of the system with the optimal design obtained from the solution of the model. This comparison showed 40% savings in favor of the design predicted by the model.
Observation of splenic trauma: When is a little too much?

A 12-year-old boy was treated conservatively for a grade II splenic laceration. On discharge, he was instructed to avoid contact sports, running, and strenuous physical activity. Thirty-eight days later, after diving off the side of a swimming pool, he had abdominal pain, nausea, and diaphoresis. On admission, he was hemodynamically unstable. Results of a diagnostic lavage showed gross blood. At laparotomy, a fractured spleen was found, and splenectomy was performed. He recovered without complication. This case questions the activity restrictions placed on patients with conservatively managed splenic trauma. Avoidance of only contact sports and heavy exertion may be inadequate.
Inventory accumulation in a search-based monetary economy☆

Abstract This paper explores the implications of a search-based model of money for the linkage between steady state inventory accumulation, inflation, and welfare. Because individual traders in the search economy do not internalize the positive effects inventory accumulation and search effort have on the aggregate economy, they are too low relative to social efficiency. It is established that a tax on money balances can alleviate these externalities and improve aggregate welfare. It does so by (i) directly increasing the optimal search intensity choices of the individual trader and (ii) stimulating the accumulation of inventories through a ‘Mundeil-Tobin’ type effect. An increase in the equilibrium level of inventory accumulation also positively affects search effort. The implications for optimal monetary policy are discussed.
Will Cultural Analysis Become a Science

In this paper, the author argues that the concept of the metacontingency is not yet well enough developed to be very scientifically useful, although developers like Glenn and Malott (2004) should be encouraged to pursue more thorough development. By contrast, systems theory which Malott and Glenn (2006) also emphasize, may have real and immediate utility in the analysis of cultural systems. In fact, systems theory suggests certain inherent limitations to the metacontingency construct as it is most commonly conceptualized, although alternative models may prove more intellectually coherent and useful. This paper argues that modest work emphasizing observational studies and relatively simple experimental efforts to influence networks of interlocking contingencies have greater promise at this point in the development of a natural science of cultural analysis than do continuing efforts to refine abstract conceptual schemes without grounding in data.
Impact of tertiary gleason pattern 5 on prostate cancer aggressiveness: Lessons from a contemporary single institution radical prostatectomy series

Abstract Objective To better evaluate tertiary Gleason pattern reporting and to evaluate the impact of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 (TP5) on prostate cancer pathological features and biochemical recurrence at our large single institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1962 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer; TP5 was reported in 159 cases (8.1%). Men with Gleason score (GS) 7 and GS 8 disease were divided into subgroups with and without TP5, and histopathological features were compared. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the impact on TP5 on biochemical-free survival (BFS). Results Tumors possessing GS 3 + 4 with TP5 were more likely to exhibit extraprostatic extension (EPE) and had a larger tumor diameter (TD) than GS 3 + 4 alone. GS 3 + 4 with TP5 was also associated with positive surgical margins (SM), seminal vesicle involvement (SVI), and higher pre-operative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values, but without statistical significance. GS 4 + 3 with TP5 more commonly presented with EPE, positive SM, SVI, and greater TD and pre-operative PSA level than GS 4 + 3 alone. In multivariate analysis, Gleason score, EPE, and TP5 were overall independent risk factors for PSA recurrence in this cohort. Additionally, GS 4 + 3 with TP5 was associated with shorter time to recurrence versus GS 4 + 3 alone. Conclusion Our results emphasize the importance of TP5 and suggest that criteria for tertiary pattern reporting in prostate cancer should be standardized. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of tertiary patterns in prognostic models.
Paul’s Caricature of his Chief Rival as a Pompous Parasite in 2 Corinthians 11.20

2 Corinthians 11.20 has received too little discussion in the literature on Paul’s opponents at Corinth, and, surprisingly, even less notice in recent research on patron—client relations in the Pauline communities. This article argues that 2 Cor. 11.20 depicts the leading figure among Paul’s apostolic rivals as an instance of a social type so familiar and loathsome that he was a favorite subject of ridicule in comedy, mime, and satire: the parasite, specifically, the ‘august parasite’ (σeμνoπαράσσιτoς), who puts on airs and abuses his host and other guests. A composite portrait of this stock character is drawn from the comedies of Alexis, Antiphanes, Plautus and Terence, and from Lucian’s satirical defense of the parasitic art. Parallels to Paul’s vocabulary (καταδoυλoωσ, κατeσθιω, λαμβάνσω etc.) are traced in Greco-Roman comedies and satires. Paul’s satirical account of the behavior of a rival missionary in 2 Cor. 11.20 serves not only as a foil to Paul’s own modest conduct, but also functions as a repro...