cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infusing The Mentorship Model Of Education For The Promotion Of Critical Thinking In Doctoral Education

Effective mentorship is demonstrated in a variety of venues. Good mentors lead students on a journey that forever changes the ways in which they think and act, and consists of different and diverse experiences. Acknowledging faculty beliefs regarding mentorship and instruction is important to understanding why mentors select and implement specific strategies throughout the mentee’s academic tenure. The purposes of this paper are first, to describe the “Layered Learning Mentorship Model (LLMM)” presented in the Department of Graduate Programs in Heath Sciences curriculum; second, to provide an understanding of how the LLMM was developed so as to promote critical thinking skills in graduate students; third, to provide educators with an understanding of the tools essential for the integration of critical thinking opportunities at all levels of doctoral education; and finally, to assess student and faculty perceptions regarding the use of LLMM.
Temporal changes in the benthos along a pollution gradient: Discriminating the effect of natural phenomena from sewage-industrial wastewater effects

Abstract As pollution from the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) outfalls decreased between 1980 and 1983, the macrobenthic community partially recovered and surficial (0–2 cm deep) sediment contamination and toxicity decreased at 60 m water depth along a pollution gradient from the outfalls. Pollution from the LACSD outfalls continued to decrease but macrobenthic conditions and surficial sediment quality deteriorated 1 km, was unchanged 3 km, and improved 5–15 km from the LACSD outfalls between 1983 and 1986. The net effect of natural phenomena is indicated when ecosystem changes occur in the opposite direction from that expected under prevailing pollution conditions. Our data suggest that the net effect of natural phenomena (e.g. winter storms, El Nino) on the benthos was greater than LACSD wastewater effects 1 km, about equal to LACSD wastewater effects 3 km, and less than the LACSD wastewater effects 5–15 km from the outfalls at the LACSD 1983–1986 mass emission rate. Surficial sediment samples collected beyond the 1 km station from the LACSD outfalls probably represented ⪢ 3 years of natural + effluent particulates accumulation, and they were, therefore, better suited for detecting long-term trends than for testing short-term temporal variability in surficial sediment contamination and toxicity. Nevertheless, some contaminants in the surficial sediments significantly increased between 1983 and 1986, probably primarily reflecting renewed wastewater effects near the outfalls and the effects of natural phenomena (e.g. storm-induced sediment transport or erosion) further from the outfalls. Since natural phenomena may have an effect on the benthos ≥ 3 years of LACSD wastewater effects, short-term benthic changes must be interpreted cautiously at the study site.
Unraveling the message quilt: A case-study examination of student interaction in computer-based communication assignments

Abstract Student interaction and computer-based communication tool usage patterns were examined in two courses that required active use of computer-based communication tools. University students completed a set of communication assignments with either the instructor or other students as the primary audience. Case analyses developed from interviews, interaction coding, and qualitative analysis compare the communication content, the communication exchange format, and the timing of the communicative interaction of these student assignments. The results show that content focused on substantive course material, the exchange format closely mirrored the assignments, and a significant proportion of the communication took place outside of the “normal” 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. timeframe. These results suggest that instructors must carefully consider the outcomes they desire from the technology to be sure that assignments will lead to those outcomes. Additionally, the results indicate that students do use the technology at varying times, resulting in an expanded classroom space.
Against the Clock: Slumdog Millionaire and The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

Abstract A comparison of two award-winning cinematic romances in terms of their diverging treatments of love and time: whereas Slumdog Millionaire moves toward a happy ending, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is more melancholy.
Quality classification via Raman identification and SEM analysis of carbon nanotube bundles using artificial neural networks

One of the major obstacles for successful mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is performing quick and precise characterization of the properties of a given batch of nanotubes. In this paper, we have identified a set of intermediate steps that will lead to a comprehensive, scalable set of procedures for analyzing nanotubes. The proposed methodology was originated with data processing of Raman spectra of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) turfs and image enhancement of SEM micrographs. Image analysis techniques of SEM images were employed and stereological relations were determined for SEM images of CNT structures; these results were utilized to estimate the morphology of the turf (i.e. CNTs alignment and curvature) using an artificial neural networks (ANN) classifier. This model was also used to investigate the link between Raman spectra of CNTs and the quality of the turf morphology. This novel methodology will improve our capability to control the quality of the grown nanotubes through the use of this system in a supervised growth environment.
Relationship approach to marketing in service contexts: The marketing and organizational behavior interface

Abstract A relationship approach to marketing is described. Marketing in a service context, i.e., concerning both service firms and service operations of manufacturers, is considered especially. The traditional view of marketing as a function for specialists planning and executing a marketing mix may not be altogether true when services are concerned. Instead, marketing can be considered as revolving around relationships, some of which are like single transactions, narrow in scope and not involving much or any social relationship (e.g., marketing soap or breakfast cereals). Other relationships, on the other hand, are broader in scope and may involve even substantial social contacts and be continuous and enduring in nature (e.g., marketing financial or hospitality services). The nature of a relationship marketing strategy is explored. Two interfaces between marketing and organizational behavior, both as business functions and as academic disciplines, which follow from this approach to marketing are discussed, viz., the need for a service culture, and internal marketing. These areas represent a major challenge for marketing and organizational behavior, practitioners and academic alike, to remove traditional borderlines and work together.
Visualizing geolocation of spam email

With the recent surge in cyber attacks, there is a growing demand for effective security analytics tools. Though, there are advanced data collection techniques in the form of honeypots and malware collectors, the value of data are only as useful as the analysis technique used. One of the primary drawbacks of current security analytic tools is the lack of visualization controls to effectively analyze the data. In this paper, we develop a visualization tool to analyze the geographical locations of spammers based on the integration of MaxMind and WhoIS databases with Google Maps API. The visualization tool provides an insight into spam origins, along with patterns of spammers identified from spam activity. A key component in the development of this tool is its extensible framework allowing for the addition of resources to retrieve more information about a spammer and analyze additional patterns of spammers for spam analysis.
Experimental investigation of the effect of drilling-fluids/clay-minerals interaction on resistivity, acoustic velocity, and log-derived porosity

Physical and chemical interactions do occur between clay minerals and drilling fluids The interactions will result in permeability and porosity decrease in reservoir formations. We especially want to know what happened in the formation after drilling. In the process of studying formation damage, well log information is practicable and important. Well logging is done after drilling, so well log information contain a lot of knowledge related with the interaction between drilling fluids and clay minerals. In order to study the effect of drilling fluids/clay minerals interaction on formation permeability and use well log information to evaluate formation damage quantitatively after drilling, an apparatus which can measure resistivity, acoustic velocity, core deformation and pressure change along the length of the sample simultaneously under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure is developed. Experiment were done on artificial shale samples, natural shale samples and shaly sand samples utilizing different aqueous solutions at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 60°C and pressures ranging from 2.5Mpa to 12Mpa. In the shale formation, the changes in resistivity and acoustic velocity are always correspondmg to the shale deformation. In the permeable shaly sand formation, the incompatibility between formation water and drilling fluid is the one of reason that result in drilling fluid filtrate invasion. Using these data, the model that describe the relationship between resistivity and contacting fluid properties, interaction time between formation and drilling fluid, permeability and acoustic velocity derived porosity is obtained. The model predictions agreed with the experiment. Well log information is abundant and low cost relative to sampling, so this study is useful for improving understanding of formation damage.
High-Ability Students: New Ways to Conceptualize Giftedness and Provide Psychological Services in the Schools.

Psychologists working in the schools have an opportunity to affect in new and exciting ways the services they provide to high-ability students. A talent development framework offers a unique lens through which gifted services is conceptualized. The framework moves school psychologists beyond viewing giftedness and high IQ as synonymous to appreciating how talent in specific domains is identified, nurtured, and developed over time. In this framework, an appreciation for nonintellectual skills such as motivation, drive, and playfulness is viewed as important and complementary to high academic and cognitive ability. School psychologists can assume a leadership role in affecting gifted services in a variety of areas, including the following: assessment, consultation, counseling, collaboration, and work with high-ability students with coexisting disabilities.
Photometric Accuracy of Deconvolved Simulated Astronomical Images

A study of the photometric accuracy of deconvolved astronomical images was undertaken by processing two simulated images with several well-known algorithms. The simulations consisted of an image of a simple star field and an image of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Each image was mathematically convolved with a known PSF and then deconvolved to recover the original image. Measurements and comparisons were made before and after the deconvolution to check for photometric accuracy. The best result for the star field was obtained with the multiscale Richardson-Lucy algorithm. When measuring the differential photometry of the nucleus of the AGN between different frames, leaving the image in its convolved state gave a closer variability result to the original than any deconvolution method.
Intrinsic-Signal Optical Imaging Reveals Cryptic Ocular Dominance Columns in Primary Visual Cortex of New World Owl Monkeys

A significant concept in neuroscience is that sensory areas of the neocortex have evolved the remarkable ability to represent a number of stimulus features within the confines of a global map of the sensory periphery. Modularity, the term often used to describe the inhomogeneous nature of the neocortex, is without a doubt an important organizational principle of early sensory areas, such as the primary visual cortex (V1). Ocular dominance columns, one type of module in V1, are found in many primate species as well as in carnivores. Yet, their variable presence in some New World monkey species and complete absence in other species has been enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that optical imaging reveals the presence of ocular dominance columns in the superficial layers of V1 of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), even though the geniculate inputs related to each eye are highly overlapping in layer 4. The ocular dominance columns in owl monkeys revealed by optical imaging are circular in appearance. The distance between left eye centers and right eye centers is approximately 650 µm. We find no relationship between ocular dominance centers and other modular organizational features such as orientation pinwheels or the centers of the cytochrome oxidase blobs. These results are significant because they suggest that functional columns may exist in the absence of obvious differences in the distributions of activating inputs and ocular dominance columns may be more widely distributed across mammalian taxa than commonly suggested.
Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Cocaine-associated Myocardial Infarction

Abstract PURPOSE: To identify clinical criteria predictive of underlying coronary artery disease in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using a retrospective cross-sectional study design at 29 acute care hospitals, we identified 70 patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction who had a determination of the presence or absence of coronary artery disease. Clinical characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease (>50% stenosis on cardiac catheterization or reversible ischemia on stress test) were compared with patients without coronary artery disease ( RESULTS: Compared with patients without coronary artery disease (n = 21), patients with coronary artery disease (n = 49) were older (42 versus 31 years; P P P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Age, number of cardiac risk factors, location of myocardial infarction, and bradydysrhythmias predict underlying coronary artery disease in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction. If validated, this knowledge may be used to develop a medically appropriate, cost-effective evaluation strategy for patients following cocaine-associated myocardial infarction.
A Survey of Counselor Education Comprehensive Exam Types and Procedures: Recommendations for Clinical Supervisors and Counseling Faculty

Clinical supervisors and faculty within counseling programs have ethical, legal, and professional obligations to ensure students possess comprehensive knowledge of core counseling components. This survey research study examined the types of comprehensive exams used by counselor education programs as well as their remediation and dismissal procedures when students do not pass comprehensive exams. Results show statistically significant differences with programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) requiring multiple-choice exams. Recommendations for clinical supervisors and counseling faculty are discussed.
Therapy for Gaucher disease: don't stop thinking about tomorrow

While enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease has been widely used and appears to be an efficacious and safe treatment, this success should not be a reason for complacency. Other treatment strategies currently under consideration for patients with Gaucher disease include gene therapy, substrate reduction therapy and chaperone therapy. Furthermore, improvements in enzyme therapy could also have a significant clinical impact. Individuals with Gaucher disease and other lysosomal disorders will greatly benefit from continual refinement and optimization of the current therapy, as well as from the development of new treatment modalities that offer improvements in efficacy, cost, safety and availability.
Regulation of immunoreactive growth hormone secretion in male rats.

Plasma GH levels of fed male gentled rats (52+6 ng/ml) were significantlygreater than those of nongentled animals (24 + 5 ng/ml). Plasma corticosterone levels showed the opposite relationship—gentled, 4.6 ± 0.8 μg/100 ml, vs. nongentled, 8.4 ± 1.4 μg/100 ml. Pentobarbital anesthesia caused a significant rise in plasma GH in both gentled and nongentled rats and a corresponding decrease in plasma corticosterone. A statistically significant diurnal variation in plasma GH could not be demonstrated, although the lowest GH levels were generally observed at 5 PM and corresponded to peak values for plasma corticosterone. Ether anesthesia, hypertonic glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, insulin-induced hypoglycemia and epinephrine all resulted in a marked suppression of plasma GH, and an increase in plasma corticosterone, effects which were either partially or completely blocked by pentobarbital anesthesia. The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and 2-deoxyglucose were not mediated by catecholamines since they were noted...
An elementary algebraic method for approximating average radii of first and second ring electrons

Abstract In this paper, experimental ionization energies are used to determine algebraic equations whose solutions approximate relativistic quantum mechanical estimates of average atomic radii. These algebraic equations are nonlinear and are solved on a digital computer by Newton's method. Pairing is an essential element in the formulation.
Issues involved in using sol-gel-derived glasses as platforms for chemical sensing

Over the past several years our group has been ex;poring the potential of sol-gel-derived glasses as platforms for advanced sensors and biosensors. In this paper we will outline the challenges that are associated with using these xerogels. Toward this end, we discuss recent results from our laboratories on the performance of polyclonal anti- dansyl antibodies sequestered within a series of xerogels. We assess antibody performance by determining the hapten/antibody association constant, the static excitation and emission for the dansyl hapten bound to the antibody combing site, and the excited-state fluorescence anisotropy and intensity decay kinetics for the dansyl/anti-dansyl system within a series of xerogels.
Melanoregulin is stably targeted to the melanosome membrane by palmitoylation.

In mammals, pigments are made by melanocytes within a specialized organelle, the melanosome. Mature, pigment-laden melanosomes are then transferred to keratinocytes to drive the visible pigmentation of the animal’s hair and skin. The dilute suppressor (dsu) locus encodes an extragenic suppressor of the pigmentation defect exhibited by mice lacking myosin Va (i.e. dilute mice). We recently showed that melanoregulin, the product of the dsu locus, functions as a negative regulator of a shedding mechanism that drives the intercellular transfer of melanosomes from the melanocyte to the keratinocyte. Here we address melanoregulin’s localization within the melanocyte, as well as the molecular basis for its localization. First, we confirm and extend recently published results using exogenous, GFP-tagged melanoregulin by showing that endogenous melanoregulin also targets extensively to melanosomes. Second, using site-directed mutagenesis, metabolic labeling with H3-palmitate, and an inhibitor of palmitoylation in vivo, we show that the targeting of melanoregulin to the limiting membranes of melanosomes in melanocytes and lysosomes in CV1 cells depends critically on the palmitoylation of one or more of six closely-spaced cysteine residues located near melanoregulin’s N-terminus. Finally, using Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP), we show that melanoregulin-GFP exhibits little if any tendency to cycle in and out of the melanosome membrane. We conclude that multiple palmitoylation serves to stably anchor melanoregulin in the melanosome membrane.
The effect of catecholamine depletion by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine on measures of cognitive performance and sleep in abstinent MDMA users.

(±) 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular recreational drug of abuse and a brain serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxin in animals. Growing evidence suggests that humans who use MDMA recreationally can also develop 5-HT neurotoxic injury, although functional consequences have been difficult to identify. Twenty-five abstinent MDMA users and 23 non-MDMA using controls were studied to determine whether pharmacologic depletion of brain catecholamines by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) would differentially effect MDMA users on measures of cognition and sleep, two processes dually modulated by brain serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurons. During a 5-day in-patient study, all subjects underwent formal neuropsychiatric testing, repeated computerized cognitive testing, and all-night sleep studies. At baseline, MDMA users had performance deficits on tasks of verbal and visuospatial working memory and displayed increased behavioral impulsivity on several computerized tasks, reflecting a tendency to perform quickly at the expense of accuracy. Baseline sleep architecture was also altered in abstinent MDMA users compared to controls. AMPT produced differential effects in MDMA users compared to controls on several cognitive and sleep measures. Differences in cognitive performance, impulsivity, and sleep were significantly correlated with MDMA use. These data extend findings from earlier studies demonstrating cognitive deficits, behavioral impulsivity, and sleep alterations in abstinent MDMA users, and suggest that lasting effects of MDMA lead to alterations in the ability to modulate behaviors reciprocally influenced by 5-HT and catecholamines. More research is needed to determine potential relationships between sleep abnormalities, cognitive deficits and impulsive behavior in abstinent MDMA users.
Design of sub-wavelength dielectric antireflective grading for multijunction concentrator photovolatics

In III-V concentrator applications, sunlight is focused with wide angular distribution that limits the effectiveness of conventional thin-film AR coatings. Furthermore the transmission properties are generally degraded non-uniformly over the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the case of multi-junction solar cells leads to additional sub-cell current matching related losses. Here, and in an attempt to identify a better alternative to the conventional planar layer ARCs for III-V multi-junction concentrator cells in case of with/without protective cover glass in conjunction with wide optical aperture angles, a systematic analysis of design parameters and angular dependent antireflective properties of dielectric gratings has been undertaken, through the implementation of sub-wavelength 2D pyramidal gratings of ZnS and TiO2. The study indicated limited improvement for devices operated with SiO2 like cover glass. In the absence of SiO2 like cover glass, the evaluation indicated that reflection-loss related current losses can be reduced by 2-3 fold compared to their doublelayer ARC counterparts. i.e. for a 3J metamorphic device this lead to a current improvement of 0.7 mA/cm2 per concentration for a 60 degree aperture angles
Stress and weight gain in parents of cancer patients.

To investigate the effects of chronic stress on weight changes and related behavioral changes in parents with a child who had just been diagnosed with cancer compared to parents with healthy children. Longitudinal case–control study with assessments occurring over a three-month period following the child's diagnosis of cancer. In total, 49 parents of healthy children and 49 parents of cancer patients aged 19–58 y. Body weight, diet, physical activity, self-reported mood and stress. Parents of cancer patients were more likely to gain weight, and experienced significantly greater weight gain over the 3 months than parents of healthy children. The magnitude of weight gain was related to the degree of psychological distress that the parents experienced. Parents of cancer patients reported lower levels of physical activity and lower caloric intake than parents of healthy children, with the most marked differences between groups occurring in the area of physical activity. Findings suggest that a major stressor, such as a child's diagnosis of cancer, is associated with weight gain. Further research is needed to determine how long these weight gains persist and whether other types of stress also produce weight gains. Such studies should focus not only on the effect of stress on eating behavior but also on physical activity.
Burns & McDonnell — K-State Smart Grid Laboratory: Protection, communication & power metering

The Burns & McDonnell — K-State Smart Grid Laboratory was created because of a need for the energy industry (electrical utilities, equipment manufacturers, and contractors) and engineering universities to recruit highly skilled power engineers and develop state-of-the-art educational programs. Smart Grid Laboratory objectives were defined for pre-college, undergraduate, and graduate students based on Bloom's taxonomy levels, providing hands-on experiences and demonstrations. The Smart Grid Laboratory architectures comprise inside and outside laboratory networks. A mapping method to organize Smart Grid Laboratory resources was conducted. By integrating laboratory experiences with computer-based simulators using relays in the loop, the Smart Grid Laboratory is focused on the combination of protection, communication, and power metering areas in order to educate the public, introduce students to engineering careers, and advance knowledge for current K-State students. Conclusions as to how an integrated Smart Grid Laboratory was created are discussed.
High-pressure Raman spectroscopy of antimony: As-type, incommensurate host-guest, and bcc phases

The vibrational dynamics of elemental solids that form incommensurate host‐guest structures are of fundamental interest. High-pressure Raman scattering has been used to examine the vibrational spectrum of the group-V element Sb up to 33 GPa. A1g and Eg phonons of the ambient pressure rhombohedral A7 phase display a marked decrease with pressure, i.e., prior to the transition to the tetragonal host‐guest Sb-II phase at 8.6 GPa, via the monoclinic host-guest Sb-IV phase. The Raman spectrum of the incommensurate host-guest Sb-II phase, has five bands between 80 cm 1 and 200 cm 1 that increase with pressure. For the bcc structure stable above 28 GPa, we observe one weak disorder-induced band that increases with pressure.
Regional implications of heat flow of the Snake River Plain, Northwestern United States

Abstract The Snake River Plain is a major topographic feature of the Northwestern United States. It marks the track of an upper mantle and crustal melting event that propagated across the area from southwest to northeast at a velocity of about 3.5 cm/yr. The melting event has the same energetics as a large oceanic hotspot or plume and so the area is the continental analog of an oceanic hotspot track such as the Hawaiian Island-Emperor Seamount chain. Thus, the unique features of the area reflect the response of a continental lithosphere to a very energetic hotspot. The crust is extensively modified by basalt magma emplacement into the crust and by the resulting massive rhyolite volcanism from melted crustal material, presently occurring at Yellowstone National Park. The volcanism is associated with little crustal extension. Heat flow values are high along the margins of the Eastern and Western Snake River Plains and there is abundant evidence for low-grade geothermal resources associated with regional groundwater systems. The regional heat flow pattern in the Western Snake River Plains reflects the influence of crustal-scale thermal refraction associated with the large sedimentary basin that has formed there. Heat flow values in shallow holes in the Eastern Snake River Plains are low due to the Snake River Plains aquifer, an extensive basalt aquifer where water flow rates approach 1 km/yr. Below the aquifer, conductive heat flow values are about 100 mW m −2 . Deep holes in the region suggest a systematic eastward increase in heat flow in the Snake River Plains from about 75–90 mW m −2 to 90–110 mW m −2 . Temperatures in the upper crust do not behave similarly because the thermal conductivity of the Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks in the west is lower than that in the volcanic rocks characteristic of the Eastern Snake River Plains. Extremely high heat loss values (averaging 2500 mW m −2 ) and upper crustal temperatures are characteristic of the Yellowstone caldera.
Rat liver microsomal 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and dihydrodiol dehydrogenase: Solubilization, separation and partial purification

Abstract Rat liver microsomes contain 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) (EC 1.1.1.50) and dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DHD) (EC 1.3.1.20) activities. The two enzyme activities were solubilized by 10% Triton X-100 or 0.4% sodium deoxycholate. Unlike the cytosolic enzyme ( Penning & Talalay (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 80 , 4505 ), the microsomal HSD and DHD activities were not inhibited by indomethacin. Chromatography of the microsomal Triton X-100 extract on Affigel Blue and then on Phenyl-Sepharose gave an HSD preparation containing no detectable (less than 3 – 5%) DHD activity, whereas chromatography of the deoxycholate extract on Phenyl-Sepharose provided a DHD preparation that lacked measurable HSD activity. These results are in sharp contrast to the cytosolic enzyme where both HSD and DHD activities could be copurified to homogeneity (Penning et al . (1984) Biochem. J. 222 , 601).
On the use of primary reference grade polydimethylsiloxane.

There has been an increase in the use of primary reference material as a standard for identifying the cellular response to biomaterials. One such material is NHLBI–DTB polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PDMS was developed for blood contacting studies and is composed of PDMS backed on one side with mylar. The results of implantation studies of two different publications are discussed in light of the different materials and different surface topographies of each of the materials. The appropriateness of in vivo studies using this reference material is questioned. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Triamterene bladder calculus

A case report of triamterene bladder calculus is presented. Triamterene containing antihypertensives should be used with caution in patients with predisposition to form stones.
Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis: Characterization and use of pet mutants to clone the nuclear gene coding for subunit V of yeast cytochrome c oxidase

A nuclear pet mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is defective in the structural gene for subunit V of cytochrome c oxidase has been identified and used to clone the subunit V gene (COX5) by complementation. This mutant, E4-238 [24], and its revertant, JM110, produce variant forms of subunit V. In comparison to the wild-type polypeptide (Mr = 12,500), the polypeptides from E4-238 and JM110 have apparent molecular weights of 9,500 and 13,500, respectively. These mutations directly alter the subunit V structural gene rather than a gene required for posttranslational processing or modification of subunit V because they are cis-acting in diploid cells; that is, both parental forms of subunit V are produced in heteroallelic diploids formed from crosses between the mutant, revertant, and wild type. Several plasmids containing the COX5 gene were isolated by transformation of JM28, a derivative of E4-238, with DNA from a yeast nuclear DNA library in the vector YEp13. One plasmid, YEp13-511, with a DNA insert of 4.8 kilobases, was characterized in detail. It restores respiratory competency and cytochrome oxidase activity in JM28, encodes a new form of subunit V that is functionally assembled into mitochondria, and is capable of selecting mRNA for subunit V. The availability of mutants altered in the structural gene for subunit V (COX5) and of the COX5 gene on a plasmid, together with the demonstration that plasmid-encoded subunit V is able to assemble into a functional holocytochrome c oxidase, enables molecular genetic studies of subunit V assembly into mitochondria and holocytochrome c oxidase.
A new CFAR detection test for radar

In a well-known paper [2], Reed, Mallett, and Brennan (RMB ) discuss an adaptive procedure for the detection of a signal of known form in the presence of noise (or interference) which is assumed to be Gaussian, but whose covariance matrix is totally unknown. Two sets of input data are distinguished and are called for convenience the primary and the secondary input data. The primary data allow for the possibility of signal presence, while the secondary inputs are assumed to contain only noise, independent of and statistically identical to the noise components of the primary data. In the RMB procedure, the secondary inputs are used to form an estimate of the noise covariance, from which a weight vector for the detection of the known signal is determined. This weight vector is applied then to the primary data in the form of a standard colored-noise matched filter. The implication is that the output of this filter is compared with a threshold in order to achieve signal detection. However, no special rule is given for the determination of the threshold needed to control the probability of a false alarm ( PFA ) . In [l] Kelly used the generalized likelihood ratio to derive a hypothesis test for the above problem. This test exhibits the desirable property that its PFA is independent of the covariance matrix (level and structure) of the actual noise encountered; i.e., it is a CFAR (constant false alarm rate) test. However, the derivation of Kelly’s test statistic is complicated. A new related test is developed in this paper. This test is based on the optimal decision rule for a known signal template and a known noise covariance matrix. Then this classical test variable is normalized to have a unit variance. In the usual case of an unknown noise covariance matrix, the maximum likelihood estimate
Nitrogen transformations, utilization, and conservation as affected by fallow tillage method

While we know that fallow tillage method affects water conservation and soil erosion control, effects on soil and fertilizer N dynamics are less well known. In this paper, we summarize results from our investigations of N transformation and cycling for two experiments established in 1969 and 1970 near Sidney, NE. In this research, the effects of three fallow tillage methods (moldboard plow, sub-till, and no-till) on changes in soil properties, N dynamics, and subsequent crop growth were studied. One experiment was on land, that had been broken from sod before 1920, seeded to crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] in 1957, and cultivated again since 1967 with the above three fallow tillage methods. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was grown in a wheat-fallow sequence with and without 45 kg fertilizer N ha ˇ1 . The second experiment was on land that was in native mixed prairie sod until 1969, and included a comparison of the three above tillage methods in a wheat-fallow system with plots remaining in native sod. During the first 13 years of study, total soil N loss from the surface 30 cm of soil (compared to the native sod) was only about 3% for the no-till system, compared to 8 and 19% for the sub-till and plow systems, respectively. For both experiments, considerable mineralization and nitrification of organic N occurred during the fallow period, with greatest rates for plowed fallow. No-till immobilized more labeled and total N in soil organic matter and in visible and partially decomposed crop residues on and near the soil surface. However, by harvest of the second crop grown after Nlabeled fertilizer N was applied, little if any of the labeled N was found in visible and partially decomposed crop residues or as soil inorganic N, suggesting that most of the fertilizer N applied was immobilized in soil organic N or was lost. Deep sampling (to 15 m) of the Native Sod plots showed that several hundred kg of NO3‐N ha ˇ1 had leached beneath the crop root zone, presumably during wet years after fallow. For plowed plots, the quantity of NO3‐N beneath the root zone approximated the loss in total soil N from the root zone, suggesting there was a little net loss of soil N by denitrification or ammonia volatilization. For no-till, quantities of NO3‐N beneath the root zone exceeded the loss of total soil N during cultivation, suggesting significant N-fixation occurred by unknown mechanisms. These results show that fallow tillage system does affect soil and fertilizer N cycling and transformations and the availability of N to crops. # 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Exchange transfusion in severe iron deficiency anemia prior to emergency surgery.

Summary A child with severe anemia due to iron deficiency presented with an ileoileal intussusception and hemoglobin level of 1.8 Gm. per 100 ml. Partial exchange transfusion corrected the anemia over a period of 4 1/2 hours without risk of precipitating cardiac failure, and allowed safe conduct of the emergency surgery.
Experimental Determination of Micelle Shape and Size in Aqueous Solutions of Dodecyl Ethoxy Sulfates

Alkyl ethoxy sulfates represent an interesting class of ionic surfactants whose micellar properties depend on the number of ethoxy (EO) groups in their hydrophilic heads. A systematic experimental investigation was carried out on pure, monodisperse samples of dodecyl ethoxy sulfates having one, two, four, and six EO groups. Specifically, the effects of salt concentration (0.1−1.0 M NaCl) and temperature (25−45 °C) on micelle shape and size were investigated through dynamic and static light scattering and viscosity measurements. The classical DLVO potential was utilized to quantitatively analyze the effect of intermicellar interactions. In addition, quantitative consistency between the light scattering and viscosity results was demonstrated. It was found that the micelle shape and size of these surfactants are determined through an interplay of electrostatic interactions between the charged sulfate groups and steric interactions between the hydrated EO groups. This interplay can be tuned by varying the num...
Occupancy of P2 purinoceptors with unique properties modulates the function of human platelets.

Abstract This report demonstrates that plateletes possess P2 purinoceptors with unique properties that distinguish them from the ADP (P2T) receptor. Extracellular ATP, and its poorly hydrolyzable analogues, inhibit collagen- and U46619 (a thromboxane mimetic)-induced platelet aggregations. Adenosine deaminase was without effect on ATP action while reversing the inhibitory effect of adenosine. A unique aspect of the P2 receptor is the sensitivity to UTP and CTP and insensitivity to GTP. The rank order of inhibition by βγ-methylene ATP, αβ-methylene ATP > ATP indicates that a P2x-like receptor is present on the platelet membrane. This conclusion is further supported by the nearly complete desensitization to ATP by pre-exposure of platelets to αβ-methylene-ATP. However, unlike previously described P2x purinoceptors, the inhibition of platelet aggregation by extracellular ATP appears to result, at least in part, from the ATP-induced increase of intracellular cyclic AMP levels apparently coupled through a Gs protein. The combined addition of iloprost (0.14 to 1.39 nM) and ATP (18 μM) or ATP (20–40 μM) and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline (0.5 to 1 mM) synergistically inhibited platelet aggregation implying a common interactive site with adenylate cyclase. This is further substantiated by the ability of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine, to abrogate the inhibitory effects of ATP. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H1004 blocks ATP inhibition of platelet aggregation while the protein kinase C inhibitor H7 did not. This implies that the generation of cyclic AMP, with the subsequent activation of PKA and phosphorylation of selected proteins is required, in part, for the action of ATP.
Characterization and application of porcine liver aldehyde oxidase in the off-flavor reduction of soy proteins

Two enzyme forms of porcine liver aldehyde oxidase (PAO-I and PAO-II) (aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.1) were purified to homogeneity by using affinity chromatography. Both enzyme forms, PAO-I and PAO-II, have similar pI values of 5.8 and molecular masses of 262 000 and 25 000 Da, respectively. Compared with PAO-II, PAO-I showed greater affinity for the soy off-flavor-causing aldehydes n-pentanal and n-hexanal. Purified PAO-I was stable between pH 7.1 and 10.7 and at temperatures up to 45 °C. Energy of denaturation for PAO-I (158.1 kJ/mol·K-1) was more than 3-fold higher than the energy of activation (47 kJ/mol·K-1). Gas chromatography analysis showed that more headspace volatiles were present in the water extract of soy proteins at pH 7.0 than at pH 9.0. The incubation of a soy protein extract and PAO-I reduced the pentanal and hexanal contents by as much as 90%. The sensory panelists perceived lower beany flavor (p < 0.01) of the enzyme-treated soy protein extract than the control. Keywords: P...
Zebrafish R‐cadherin (Cdh4) controls visual system development and differentiation

In zebrafish, R-cadherin (cadherin-4 or Cdh4) is expressed in the retina and in retinorecipient brain regions, suggesting that Cdh4 functions during visual system development. Cdh4 function was examined during retinogenesis and retinal axon outgrowth using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides and mutant Cdh4 construct expression. In knockdowns, Cdh4 was reduced or absent, eyes were small, and retinae lacked discrete laminae. Increased cell death produced the small eye phenotype. Zn5-, Pax6-, and zpr-1-positive cells were reduced or absent in knockdown retinas but, when present, were in the correct laminae. Cdh4 knockdowns had sparse or absent retinal ganglion cell axons. When present, axons projected contralaterally but lacked fine branching and failed to reach the tectum or arborize the entire tectum. Mutant Cdh4 construct expression during retinal ganglion cell differentiation reduced or ablated neurite formation. Cdh4 is necessary for neural retina survival and differentiation, and required for normal retinotectal projection formation and tectal arborization.
Detection by Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Removal by Ozonization of Photoresist Residues

Surface chemical analyses by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) indicate that hydrocarbon residues are frequent contaminants on gold hybrid microcircuit metallization. The primary electron beam for AES cracks the hydrocarbon contaminants causing a carbonaceous residue. Lead frame bonding data demonstrated that a carbon residue approxi-mately 10 A thick was indicative of thermo-compression bond degradation. Concentrations of two percent ozone in oxygen can remove a photoresist layer approximately 200 A thick in 100 hours at room temperature. This restores thermocompression bondability of gold surfaces.
A new method for calculating time-dependent quantum correlation functions for systems with many degrees of freedom

Abstract We present a method for the computation of time-dependent quantum correlation functions. We calculate the temperature dependence of the correlation function at zero time and analytically continue to obtain the time dependence at finite temperature.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for recurrent hepatic hydrothorax

For many years, pleural effusions have been recognized as a complication of cirrhosis, occurring in approximately 5.5% of patients. Recent studies have confirmed that small defects in the diaphragm allow for passage of ascitic fluid into the pleural space. Successful management of these patients is challenging, as many of the treatment options can be associated with increased morbidity. The initial treatment should focus on eliminating and preventing the recurrence of ascites with diuretics and water and salt restriction. For those patients who do not respond medically, more invasive techniques have been used including serial thoracentesis, chest tube placement, chemical pleurodesis, and peritoneovenous shunts. We present a patient with recurrent pleural effusions secondary to hepatic cirrhosis who was unsuccessfully treated medically, and subsequently treated with thoracentesis, chest tube drainage and pleurodesis, with ultimate resolution after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement.
Expert-novive judgments and new cue sets: Process versus outcome

Abstract This paper reports on an experiment that investigated the influence of a new cue set on the decision-behavior of actual expert and novice investors. Both subject groups were provided with financial cues constructed from both traditional and inflation-adjusted accounting data compiled from annual reports. The task required the subjects to make recommendations concerning the attractiveness of forty stocks from the chemical and drug industries. A regression model that controlled for predecisional influences and artifacts associated with simple decision-processes was used to analyze the data. The experts relative to the novices made recommendations that were more consistent with the normative prescription of the new cue set.
Ultrafine particle exposures while walking, cycling, and driving along an urban residential roadway

Elevated concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs, <0.1 μm), which have been linked to adverse health effects, are commonly found along roadways. This study reports UFP and PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory exposures among four transportation modes on an urban residential street in Santa Monica, California while walking, cycling, and driving with windows open and windows closed (with air recirculation on). Repeated measurements were made for nine days during morning (7:30–9:30), afternoon (12:30–14:30), and evening (17:00–19:00) periods. Median UFP concentrations ranged 1–3 × 104 particles cm−3, were 70% lower in afternoon or evening periods compared to the morning, and were 60% lower when driving with windows closed than open. Median PM2.5 ranged 2–15 μg m−3, well below the annual National Ambient Air Quality standard of 15 μg m−3. Respiratory UFP exposure (particles inhaled trip−1) was ∼2 times higher while driving with windows open, ∼15 times higher when cycling, and ∼30 times higher walking, than driving with windows closed. During one evening session with perpendicular rather than parallel wind conditions, absolute UFP concentration was 80% higher, suggesting influence of off-roadway sources. Under parallel wind conditions, a parameter called emissions-weighted traffic volume, used to account for higher and lower emitting vehicles, was correlated with beach-site-subtracted UFP using second-order polynomial model (R2 = 0.61). Based on this model, an 83% on-roadway UFP reduction could be achieved by (1) requiring all trucks to meet California 2007 model-year engine standards, (2) reducing light-duty vehicle flows by 25%, and (3) replacing high-emitting light-duty vehicles (pre 1978) with newer 2010 fleet-average vehicles.
The Millennial Generation: Receiving a Fair Exchange?

There are gaps in values, perception, and experience that separate the millennial generation (today's young adults born between 1980 and 2000) from older adults (50+ years of age). These gaps impac...