cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Red cell stromal adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of newborn infants.

Extract: Erythrocytes of the newborn infant are known to lose potassium at a rapid rate during short periods of incubation. Net potassium loss can occur as a consequence of either increased leak or inadequate active influx in the presence of normal leak. This inadequate active influx may be associated with peculiarities in the properties of the cation transport process situated in the erythrocyte membrane. For this reason, red cell stromal ATPase, a membrane enzyme intimately involved in cation transport, was examined in the erythrocytes of fourteen normal adults, sixteen term infants, ten premature infants, and thirteen patients with reticulocytosis. Km ATP was found to be similar in all groups except in premature infants, in whom it was slightly higher than it was in adults. The range of values was 0.29 to 0.36 mM. The concentration of sodium or potassium required to produce half-maximal activation of the stromal ATPase was the same in the four groups, 9.4 to 10.0 mM for sodium and 0.82 to 1.10 mM for potassium. Reticulocytes were found to possess increased ATPase activity, but term infants with comparable reticulocyte counts showed the same total ATPase activity as normal adults. Both term and premature infants were found to possess significantly less ouabain-sensitive membrane ATPase and thus less of the sodium-potassium activated membrane transport system than other cells of comparable reticulocyte count. Ouabain (10-4 M) produced a 60.1 ± 4.8% inhibition of ATPase activity in adults and a 56.2 ± 8.9 % inhibition in subjects with reticulocytosis. In contrast, ouabain produced an inhibition of only 43.1±6.4% in term infants and 39.3±6.3% in premature infants. These findings suggest that neonate erythrocytes have a relative deficiency of membrane ATPase that is activated by sodium and potassium. Speculation: That the erythrocytes of the newborn infant have less sodium-potassium activated stromal ATPase may be responsible for the increased potassium leak observed when these cells are incubated for short periods at 37°. This relative ATPase deficiency is another illustration that the erythrocytes of the newborn are metabolically different from those of normal adults, and this particular difference may play a central role in the shortened survival of the red cells of the newborn infant. Investigation of other neonatal tissues is warranted to obtain evidence of a generalized difference in cation transport during this period of life.
Neuromuscular correlates of rhythmical cheliped flexion behavior in hermit crabs

1. Cheliped muscle activity during rhythmic cleaning behavior of freely-moving hermit crabs was recorded with implanted, insulated leads. The dactyl opener and closer muscles operated in a reciprocal fashion, while the propus stretcher fired simultaneously with the bender muscle during the flexion phase (Fig. 2). Propodite extension appeared to occur passively. 2. The following parameters were measured in a quantitative analysis of electromyograms: (1) burst duration, (2) cycle time between onset of sequential bursts, (3) number of impulses/burst, (4) mean impulse frequency within a burst, (5) latency between onset and termination of antagonistic muscle bursts. Burst duration and number of impulses/burst showed significant positive correlations with cycle time (Figs. 6, 8A, B), while the mean impulse frequency varied inversely with cycle time (Fig. 8C, D). Both burst duration and cycle time increased for sequential flexions within a train (Fig. 11A). Antagonistic muscle latencies did not vary as cycle time and burst duration changed (Fig. 10). 3. The motor program for propodite flexion-extension appears to operate as an analog of a relaxation oscillator because the silent period following each bender hurst remained independent of burst duration (Figs. 7, 11B) and instantaneous frequency plots of single bender bursts showed an asymmetrical (ramp-like) frequency change within each cycle (Fig. 9). 4. The oscillating drive which excites the bender motoneurons was modelled (Fig. 12 A) by five linear equations which relate the following burst parameters to cycle time: duration, initial impulse frequency, maximum impulse frequency, time to maximum frequency and silent period between bursts. All of these parameters were correlated with cycle time (Fig. 12B). 5. The possible evolution of the motor programs for the two forms of cheliped flexion behavior, feeding and cleaning, is discussed. The single-flexion feeding motor program is considered to be the basic unit from which the multi-flexion cleaning motor program evolved.
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of seven cases

We describe the cytomorphology of seven cases of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast studied by fine-needle aspiration cytology and by histology. All seven cases contained foci of ductual adenocarcinoma. This finding was combined with heterologous mesenchymal elements in four cases, a spindle-cell pattern of growth in one case, and extensive squamous-cell metaplasia in two cases. Both carcinomatous and metaplastic components were present on smears in four cases (57%). Thus in three cases (43%), the diagnosis was not possible on smear material alone. Differential diagnostic considerations are discussed.
Antiviral and inflammatory crosstalk in the control of RNA virus infection

WNVInnate immune responses constitute our first line of immunity against viral patho-gens. Infection by RNA viruses is detected by pattern recognition receptors, which bind viral products, including viral RNA. Upon detection of virus, these receptors both induce inflammation and stimulate production of antivirals in an autocrine and paracrine manner. RNA-specific pat-tern recognition receptors are found in at least three protein families: Toll-like recep -tors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). TLRs and NLRs coordinately induce proinflam -matory cytokine expression and secretion through the inflammasome; whereas TLRs and RLRs independently induce type 1 IFN to trigger the expression of hundreds of antiviral interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Understandably, the roles of these pathways in viral infection and immunity are often studied independently. However, it cannot be forgotten that these pathways act in concert. Consistent with this duality, recent studies have uncovered unexpected crosstalk between IFN and inflammasome pathways that can impact the outcome of infection and immunity. Depending on context, this crosstalk can be protective or pathogenic, and it remains to be seen whether it evolved to strengthen the response to viral infection or as redundancy to protect the host from the evolutionary arms race that drives circumvention of our innate immune defenses.TLRs, NLRs & the inflammasomeIL-1β and IL-18 are members of the IL-1 β family of proinflammatory cytokines that are activated and released upon cellular damage or microbial infection. Each drives cellular and systemic responses that initi-ate and modulate various effector actions of innate and adaptive immunity
Acute Tissue Injury Caused by Subcutaneous Fat Biopsies Produces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Background: It is not known whether acute tissue injury is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether open, sc fat biopsies cause ER stress. Approach: Five healthy subjects underwent three open sc fat biopsies. The first biopsy, taken from the lateral aspect of a thigh, was followed 4 h later by a second biopsy from the same incision site and a third biopsy from the contralateral leg. Expression markers of ER stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and adipokines were measured in these fat biopsies. In addition, we tested for signs of systemic ER stress and inflammation in plasma and in circulating monocytes. Results: mRNA/18s ratios of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, CD-14, hypoxia-induced factor 1-α, the spliced form of Xbox protein-1, glucose-regulated protein 78, CCAAT enhance binding protein homologous protein, and activating factor-4 were all severalfold higher, whereas mRNA/18s ratios of adiponectin and leptin were lower in fat biopsies taken from the same site 4 h after the first biopsy but were unchanged in the second biopsy that was taken from the contralateral site. The biopsies were not associated with changes in plasma and monocyte IL-6 concentrations or in monocyte ER stress markers. Also, whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was the same in 15 subjects who had biopsies compared with 15 different subjects who did not. Conclusion: Open, sc fat biopsies produced inflammation, hypoxia, ER stress, and decreased expression of adiponectin and leptin. These changes remained confined to the biopsy site for at least 4 h.
Relationship between insulin sensitivity and long-term weight change in adults.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine whether insulin resistance is associated with reduced risk of weight gain. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of volunteers who had undergone a euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp in research studies at Mayo Clinic between October 20, 1986, and January 30, 2002. Data from volunteers who had at least 1 year of followup were analyzed, which included height, weight, date of birth, ethnicity, body composition (percentage body fat and kilograms of fat-free mass), waist-to-hip ratio, date of insulin clamp, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, average plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the final 30 minutes of each insulin clamp step, and average glucose infusion rate (μmol·kg fat free mass-1·min-1) during the final 30 minutes of each insulin clamp step. We abstracted the following for each medical encounter: date of visit, height, weight, diagnoses, procedures, and medication use. For the purposes of statistical analysis, the diagnoses, procedures, and medications were then converted into Current Procedural Terminology codes and National Drug Codes. Results One hundred sixteen patients had at least 1 year of follow-up. The average baseline body mass index was 29.4 ± 5.3 kg/m2, and the follow-up time averaged 8.1 ± 5.9 years. We found no significant correlation between baseline insulin action and annual weight change or overall weight change (P = .60 and P = .11, respectively) or between log-transformed insulin action and annual weight gain (P = .61). Conclusion These results suggest that in free-living, healthy, white adults, there is not a clinically meaningful relationship between insulin action and subsequent weight change. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17:58-64)
Testicular Vascular Permeability: Effects of Experimental Lesions Associated with Impaired Testis Function

AbstractPurpose: Pathologies like varicocele and testicular torsion are known to alter testicular blood flow, either acutely or chronically. The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not alterations in testicular vascular permeability accompany these changes in testicular blood flow.Materials and Methods: Testicular vascular permeability was examined by determining the appearance of radiolabelled molecules (m.w. = 18 to 70,000) in testicular fluid after acute infusion into the proximal testicular artery of the rat. These vascular permeability studies were carried out in control animals, in those with 30 day experimental left varicocele (ELV), or in those having experienced a 1 hour, 720 degrees experimental torsion either 1 hour or 24 hours prior to the study.Results: Experimental left varicocele did not alter vascular permeability to the molecules studied, but 1 hour torsion did cause a significant increase in vascular permeability within 24 hours after repair of the torsion.Conclusion: Al...
Effect of Paralleling the Stator Coils in a Permanent-Magnet Machine

As low-voltage machines require smaller number of turns per phase compared to higher voltage machines, it is normal to connect the various stator phase coils in parallel to form the phase winding. The placement of various coil sides in the slot and the difference in the field produced by different poles of the rotor magnet can influence the induced voltage in various coils and the impedance of the coils. The difference in the induced voltages in the various parallel paths results in a circulating current in the winding and will cause increased losses in the machine. The unequal induced voltage and impedance will cause unequal distribution of stator current in the various parallel paths and will impact the torque-ripple contents. This paper will discuss the effects of these unbalanced parallel paths on the machine performance
A ridge scorewith application to piecewise linear neural reconstruction

We proposed a novel algorithm to extract connectivity information of neuronal arbors from 3D confocal images. The method is based on the use of ridge sampling and approximation using piecewise linear segments that conform to an inequality constraint that ensures shape accuracy. An automatic neuron structure reconstruction algorithm based on kernel interpolation of intensities usingmultiscale local Gaussian kernels has been utilized on a sample Olfactory neuron reconstruction problem successfully.
SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHONIC DICHLORIDES AND CORRELATION OF THEIR P-31 CHEMICAL SHIFTS

Abstract Various mono-substituted diethyl arylphosphonates were prepared in good yield by treatment of aryl bromides or iodides with triethyl phosphite in the presence of NiCl2 or alternatively, addition of the aryl grignard reagent to diethyl phosphorochloridate. These esters were then converted into the appropriate phosphonic dichlorides by standard methods. Para-substituted phosphonic dichlorides were also prepared by dimethylsulfoxide oxidation of phosphonous dichlorides which were prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction of PCl3 with the substituted benzene. The P-31 chemical shifts of these phosphonic dichlorides were correlated with Hammett (σn) and Taft (σo) values. The shielding of the phosphorus resonance signal by electron withdrawing groups was rationalized by increased P[dbnd]O bonding. The observed shielding of ortho-substituted arylphosphonic dichlorides was rationalized by a gamma effect.
Intraventricular nerve growth factor administration prevents lesion-induced loss of septal cholinergic neurons in aging rats

In young adult rats transection of the fimbria results in loss of cholinergic cell bodies in the septum and this lesion-induced loss is prevented by intraventricular administration of NGF. The present study examined whether NGF administration is equally effective in aging animals. Eighteen-month-old rats received fimbrial transections and were given intraventricular injections of NGF during four weeks. Septal cholinergic neurons were then visualized using NGF receptor immunohistochemistry, which represents a reliable marker for cholinergic neurons in the septal area. The fimbrial transections reduced the number of septal NGF receptor-positive cells to a similar extent as in young animals. NGF treatment of aging rats protected these cells as effectively as in young adult rats.
No Evidence of Short-Term Exchange of Meat for Sex among Chimpanzees

The meat-for-sex hypothesis posits that male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) trade meat with estrous females in exchange for short-term mating access. This notion is widely cited in the anthropological literature and has been used to construct scenarios about human evolution. Here we review the theoretical and empirical basis for the meat-for-sex hypothesis. We argue that chimpanzee behavioral ecology does not favor the evolution of such exchanges because 1) female chimpanzees show low mate selectivity and require little or no material incentive to mate, violating existing models of commodity exchange; and 2) meat-for-sex exchanges are unlikely to provide reproductive benefits to either partner. We also present new analyses of 28 years of data from two East African chimpanzee study sites (Gombe National Park, Tanzania; Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda) and discuss the results of previously published studies. In at least three chimpanzee communities, 1) the presence of sexually receptive females did not increase hunting probability, 2) males did not share preferentially with sexually receptive females, and 3) sharing with females did not increase a male's short-term mating success. We acknowledge that systematic meat sharing by male chimpanzees in expectation of, or in return for, immediate copulations might be discovered in future studies. However, current data indicate that such exchanges are so rare, and so different in nature from exchanges among humans, that with respect to chimpanzees, sexual bartering in humans should be regarded as a derived trait with no known antecedents in the behavior of wild chimpanzees.
Redundant MEMS resonators for precise reference oscillators

The paper describes a new approach for the monolithic integration of precise, temperature-stable reference oscillators for wireless communications. SiGe integrated MEMS technology enables fabrication of an array of resonators, which is key to digital strategies for temperature compensation and trimming of the oscillator's absolute frequency.
Cost prediction for ray shooting

The ray shooting problem arises in many different contexts. For example, solving it efficiently would remove a bottleneck when images are ray-traced in computer graphics. Unfortunately, theoretical solutions to the problem are not very practical, while practical solutions offer few provable guarantees on performance. In particular, the running times of algorithms used in practice on different data sets vary so widely as to be almost unpredictable.Since theoretical guarantees seem unavailable, we aim at obtaining a simple, easy to compute way of estimating the performance without running the actual algorithm. We propose a very simple cost predictor which can be used to measure the average performance of any ray shooting method based on traversing a bounded-degree space decomposition.We experimentally show that this predictor is accurate for octree-induced decompositions, irrespective of whether or not the bounded-degree requirement is enforced. The predictor has been tested on octrees constructed using a variety of criteria.This establishes a sound basis for comparison and optimization of octrees. It also raises a number of interesting and challenging questions such as how to construct an optimal octree for a given scene using our cost predictor.Since the distribution of rays in a ray-tracing process may differ from the rigid-motion invariant distribution of lines and the corresponding distribution of rays assumed by our cost predictor, we also experimentally confirm that the performance of an octree for an actual ray-tracing computation is well captured by our cost predictor.
P2VoD: providing fault tolerant video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment

We present a system for video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment. We start by realizing the major differences between two types of streaming: live and on-demand. These observations lead to a set of problems that need to be solved for a peer-to-peer video-on-demand system. To address these problems, we propose a solution, which includes detail algorithms for building and maintaining an application multicast tree. The novel ideas in this paper are the use of a new caching scheme at clients, and the introduction of generation for better client management. Performance study based on simulation is carried out. The results show that our system outperforms a recently proposed system in a number of important performance metrics.
An Expanded Inventory of Conserved Meiotic Genes Provides Evidence for Sex in Trichomonas vaginalis

Meiosis is a defining feature of eukaryotes but its phylogenetic distribution has not been broadly determined, especially among eukaryotic microorganisms (i.e. protists)—which represent the majority of eukaryotic ‘supergroups’. We surveyed genomes of animals, fungi, plants and protists for meiotic genes, focusing on the evolutionarily divergent parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. We identified homologs of 29 components of the meiotic recombination machinery, as well as the synaptonemal and meiotic sister chromatid cohesion complexes. T. vaginalis has orthologs of 27 of 29 meiotic genes, including eight of nine genes that encode meiosis-specific proteins in model organisms. Although meiosis has not been observed in T. vaginalis, our findings suggest it is either currently sexual or a recent asexual, consistent with observed, albeit unusual, sexual cycles in their distant parabasalid relatives, the hypermastigotes. T. vaginalis may use meiotic gene homologs to mediate homologous recombination and genetic exchange. Overall, this expanded inventory of meiotic genes forms a useful “meiosis detection toolkit”. Our analyses indicate that these meiotic genes arose, or were already present, early in eukaryotic evolution; thus, the eukaryotic cenancestor contained most or all components of this set and was likely capable of performing meiotic recombination using near-universal meiotic machinery.
Double-sided parallel-strip line-fed circular monopole antenna

This work presents a double-sided parallel-strip line fed ultra-wideband circular monopole antenna. This antenna exhibits a periodic 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 1.0–9.0 GHz and a continuous 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 9.5–14.0 GHz. Above 14.0 GHz, the antenna exhibits a mixture of continuous and periodic 2:1 VSWR bandwidths. At 5.0 GHz the antenna radiates an omni-directional beam with a maximum gain of 5.5 dBi, and at 10.0 GHz the antenna radiates a monopulse beam in the end-fire direction with a maximum gain of 6.7 dBi. These measured results confirm the expected values from simulation.
Gender, social ties, and cancer screening among elderly persons.

Objective: This study examines the association of social ties and cancer screening. Method: Data from the Longitudinal Study on Aging II include 4,419 respondents (70 to 85) who completed Wave 2. The dependent variable is receipt of screening within the past 2 years, measured at Wave 2. Social network variables include marital status, interaction with friends, relatives, and children, and church attendance. Results: Women were higher on most social tie measures, except marriage, and less likely to have mammography than men were to have prostate cancer screening. Also, the decline of screening with age was greater for women. For women, screening was related to contact with friends, relatives, and children but not marital status or church attendance. For men, screening was higher in the married and church attendees, but contact with friends, relatives, and children was not associated with screening. Discussion: Cancer screening interventions that use interpersonal communication channels should target distinct relationships for older women and men.
Spin-dependent, optogalvanic effects of laser-pumped He(2 3 S 1 ) atoms

We have observed changes in the conductivity of a helium radio-frequency discharge when the helium metastable atoms are excited with an IR, tunable laser at the resonance wavelength. The plasma conductivity is a function of the electron density in the cell and is modified by either of two collisional processes: Hem + e → He+ + 2e or Hem + Hem → He+ + He + e. The first case is observed by varying the intensity of the resonant laser light, thus varying the metastable density. In the second case, the cross section for the reaction is modulated by varying the spin polarization of the metastable atoms by optical pumping.
Testicular neoplasms in the prepubertal male

Abstract Unlike adult neoplasms, prepubertal testicular tumors are frequently benign. Yolk sac tumors, which are always malignant, constitute the majority among the histological types of neoplasm reported in the literature. Teratomas are benign in the pediatric population and are the second-most commonly reported testicular tumors. The remaining tumors are exceedingly rare and almost always benign; however, juvenile granulosa cell tumors, undifferentiated stromal tumors, and Sertoli cell tumors may rarely possess metastatic potential. Therefore, testicular neoplasms are varied, rare and often benign. However, even when they are malignant, long-term survival is excellent with prompt diagnosis and treatment. Following an English-based Medline literature search, this article reviews a concise approach towards the management of these individual tumors based on an analysis of the literature in the English language that addresses testicular neoplasms in prepubertal males.
MODELING OF AN OBSERVED TURING STRUCTURE IN THE ${\rm CLO}_2^- -{\rm I}^-$–MALONIC ACID SYSTEM

The two-dimensional stationary concentration pattern (Turing structure) recently observed by Castets, Dulos, Boissonade and De Kepper in the –Malonic Acid (CIM) reaction has been qualitatively simulated on the basis of a realistic chemical mechanism.
Employment Changes in U.S. Hardwood Lumber Consuming Industries during Economic Expansions and Contractions Since 1991

Understanding employment trends is important for discerning the economic vitality of U.S. hardwood lumber users. After a period of growth in the 1990s, employment in industries consuming hardwood lumber has declined in the 21st century. The wood household furniture industry has experienced the greatest decline, with North Carolina, Virginia, and California being the states most affected. Nearly all of the decline in employment in the furniture industry can be attributed to increased importation of this product. Millwork and kitchen cabinets are industries associated with home construction. Both of these industries experienced declines in employment in the 21st century. Employment in millwork started to decline after 2000, while employment in the kitchen cabinet industry started to decline after 2006. While there was little change in the relative regional employment rankings in the millwork industry, Indiana displaced California and Texas to become the largest employer in the kitchen cabinet industry. Employment in the pallet industry has declined in the 21st century, but mostly during the two recessionary periods. The pallet industry was the only industry that had an employment increase after 2009. Ohio was once the major pallet producing state, but it was displaced by California and Texas after 2002.
Structural Biology of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases

The nonribosomal peptide synthetases are modular enzymes that catalyze synthesis of important peptide products from a variety of standard and non-proteinogenic amino acid substrates. Within a single module are multiple catalytic domains that are responsible for incorporation of a single residue. After the amino acid is activated and covalently attached to an integrated carrier protein domain, the substrates and intermediates are delivered to neighboring catalytic domains for peptide bond formation or, in some modules, chemical modification. In the final module, the peptide is delivered to a terminal thioesterase domain that catalyzes release of the peptide product. This multi-domain modular architecture raises questions about the structural features that enable this assembly line synthesis in an efficient manner. The structures of the core component domains have been determined and demonstrate insights into the catalytic activity. More recently, multi-domain structures have been determined and are providing clues to the features of these enzyme systems that govern the functional interaction between multiple domains. This chapter describes the structures of NRPS proteins and the strategies that are being used to assist structural studies of these dynamic proteins, including careful consideration of domain boundaries for generation of truncated proteins and the use of mechanism-based inhibitors that trap interactions between the catalytic and carrier protein domains.
A Note on Reading Books

This note explains the role of books, especially classics, in the business-school curriculum. It proposes a method for reading books, both actively and critically. It concludes with a brief analysis of the concept of reading as a creative act.
Nonmammalian safety tests for Lagenidium giganteum (Oömycetes: Lagenidiales).

The fungus Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a facultative parasite of mosquito larvae, was evaluated for its host specificity and safety to a variety of nonmammalian nontarget organisms. Test organisms included green plants, algae, nontarget insects, fish, decapods, copepods, ostracods, mallard ducks (oral toxicity), and bobwhite quail (intraperitoneal injection). Only Chaoborus astictopus Dyar and Shannon, the Clear Lake gnat, was consistently infected by exposure to the fungus. No sublethal effects were documented, providing overwhelming evidence for the safety of L. giganteum to nontarget organisms.
Long-term culture of chronic myelogenous leukemia marrow cells on stem cell factor-deficient stroma favors benign progenitors

Long-term culture of marrow from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been reported to favor the outgrowth of bcr/abl- progenitor cells in some patients. We examined the effect of the presence of soluble or transmembrane forms of stem cell factor (SCF) in long-term cultures of CML marrow. CD34-enriched cells from CML patients in advanced chronic phase or accelerated phase were plated on immortalized fetal liver stromal cells from homozygous SCF-deficient SI/SI mice (SI/SI4) with or without the addition of soluble human SCF, SI/SI4 cells expressing high levels of the transmembrane form of human SCF (SI/SIh220), or primary human allogeneic stroma. Cells were removed from cultures and plated weekly in colony assays. The clonagenic cell output from cultures completely lacking SCF was lower over the first 2 to 3 weeks, but by 5 weeks was similar to the clonagenic cell output from the other culture conditions. Analysis of bcr/abl transcripts from individual colonies showed a lower percentage of malignant progenitors present in long-term cultures completely deficient in SCF than under the other culture conditions, particularly compared with primary human stroma-containing long-term cultures. SCF may specifically favor malignant versus benign progenitor cells present in the marrow of CML patients, and an abnormal proliferative response to SCF in very primitive cells may be an underlying defect in the pathophysiology of this disease.
Inhibition of myeloperoxidase oxidant production by N-acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide reduces brain damage in a murine model of stroke

Background Oxidative stress plays an important and causal role in the mechanisms by which ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increases brain damage after stroke. Accordingly, reducing oxidative stress has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for limiting damage in the brain after stroke. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly potent oxidative enzyme that is capable of inducing both oxidative and nitrosative stress in vivo.
Carrying capacity: the tradition and policy implications of limits

Within just the last few centuries, science and technology have enlarged human capa- bilities and population size until humans now take, for their own use, nearly half of the Earth's net ter- restrial primary production. An ethical perspective suggests that potentials to alter, or further increase, humanity's use of global resources should be scrutinized through the lenses of self-inter- ested foresightedness and respect for non-human life. Without overtly invoking ethics, studies of the carrying capacity achieve just this objective. Carrying capacity is an ecological concept that expresses the relationship between a population and the natural environment on which it depends for ongoing sustenance. Carrying capacity assumes limits on the number of individuals that can be supported at a given level of consumption without degrading the environment and, therefore, reduc- ing future carrying capacity. That is, carrying capacity addresses long-term sustainability. World- views differ in the importance accorded to the carrying capacity concept. This paper addresses three world-views - ecological, romantic, and entrepreneurial - and explores the ethics and the policy implications of their contrasting perspectives.
Distal Radius Fractures: Approaches, Indications, and Techniques

Distal radius fractures remain among the most common fractures of the upper extremity. The indications for operative management continue to evolve based on outcomes from the most recent clinical studies. Advancements over the past decade have expanded the variety of fixation options available; however, the clinical superiority of a particular treatment modality remains without consensus. Each approach requires the use of unique surgical techniques, and the choice of a particular implant system should be based on the surgeon's familiarity with the implant design and its limitations. As our understanding of the management of distal radius fractures improves, so will our indications for each specific treatment modality.
Bubble/Particle Contact Time in the Analysis of Coal Flotation

Contact time during bubble/particle collision is calculated by taking into consideration the effect of surface tension, buoyant force, gravitational force, and particle motion during collision. From this analysis for the estimation of contact times and from induction lime measurements, the flotabilities of different coals have been predicted. A good agreement between the predicted and experimentally measured Hallimond-tube flotation response was found
A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania by R. S. Bottrill and W. E. Baker; Tasmanian Geological Survey Bulletin 73. Available through the Tasmanian Department of Infrastructure, Energy, and Resources, info@mrt.tas.gov.au. 254 pages; 2008; $49.50 (softbound).

We seldom review a publication almost a decade after it first appears, but this apparently new printing of a seldom-seen book is certainly worthy of note. It contains a “catalogue” or description o...
Inverse Design of Cooling Arrays of Micro Pin-Fins Subject to Specified Coolant Inlet Temperature and Hot Spot Temperature

Given a micro pin-fin array cooling scheme with these constraints: (a) given maximum allowable temperature of the material (the hot spot temperature), (b) given inlet cooling fluid temperature, (c)...
Activity detection in conversational sign language video for mobile telecommunication

The goal of the MobileASL project is to increase accessibility by making the mobile telecommunications network available to the signing Deaf community. Video cell phones enable Deaf users to communicate in their native language, American Sign Language (ASL). However, encoding and transmission of real-time video over cell phones is a power-intensive task that can quickly drain the battery.
Rev. of The Treacherous Imagination: Intimacy, Ethics, and Autobiographical Fiction, by ROBERT McGILL

What if, when reading a novel or short story written by someone you know, you recognize yourself, perhaps distorted in grotesque ways or just presented unflatteringly? Would you complain to the aut...
Validation of the Parental Facilitation of Mastery Scale – II

Objective: To develop a more reliable and comprehensive version of the Parental Facilitation of Mastery Scale (PFMS). Method: In Study 1, 387 undergraduates completed an expanded PFMS (PFMS-II) and measures of parenting, perceived control, responses to early life challenges, and psychopathology. In Study 2, 182 trauma-exposed community participants completed the PFMSII and measures of perceived control, psychopathology, and well-being. Results: In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis of the PFMS-II revealed two factors. These factors replicated in Study 2; one item was removed to achieve measurement invariance across race. The final PFMS-II consisted of a ten-item overprotection scale and a seven-item challenge scale. In both samples, this measure demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity and was more reliable than the original PFMS. Parental challenge was a unique predictor of perceived control in both samples. Conclusions: The PFMS-II is a valid measure of important parenting behaviors not fully captured in other measures.
Significant arterial complications after pancreas transplantation-A single-center experience and review of literature.

Arterial fistulas and pseudoaneurysms are rarely described significant arterial complications associated with pancreas transplantation that sometimes present with herald or catastrophic bleeding. We herein describe our institutional case series with a focus on management and outcomes. Of 2256 pancreas transplants, 24 arterial complications were identified in 23 recipients. Chart review was performed to describe the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of the complications (pseudoaneurysm, arterial enteric/cystic/ureteric fistula, or arteriovenous fistula). Of these 23 patients, 57% had a failed allograft at the time of the complication. Nine patients underwent primary surgical repair of 10 complications, 13 were treated by endovascular methods, and one patient by medical management. In total, 3 embolized patients rebled, 2 of which had failed allografts prior to treatment. Of those with graft function that were treated by embolization alone, all retained graft function. Diagnosis of arterial complications requires a high degree of suspicion and should involve early systemic angiography to evaluate the pancreatic vasculature. Management can be endovascular or surgical and should be individualized. We report our center's evolution from a predominantly surgical to endovascular approach as a definitive vs stabilizing therapy, with selective coiling mostly reserved for well-defined peripheral lesions in patients with a functioning allograft. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Life STEM: A Case Study of Life Science Learning through Engineering Design.

The emphasis of reform-oriented science education today focuses on engineering integration in K-12 science classrooms. However, there is little research, particularly longitudinal research, on how different approaches to engineering integration influence student learning and interest. To address this gap in the literature, this study analyzed a middle school life science teacher’s enactment of three design-focused life science units and student performances over a 3-year period. Findings indicate that the design and enactment of each unit reflects a unique engineering integration approach: add on, implicit, and explicit. Moreover, the ways the teacher talked about engineering varied among each curriculum unit. Through the analyses of 330 students’ pre- and post-content tests and interest surveys as well as videotaped classroom instruction, we found that explicit engineering integration and engineering language use in classroom instruction resulted in higher student learning gains in science and engineering, but they did not have significant effects on students’ interest in science and engineering. We explore the implications for curricular materials and discuss a need for long-term professional development and support for teachers.
Semantic segmentation of remote sensing data using Gaussian processes and higher-order CRFS

Automatic recognition for complex scenes from aerial images and other sensor data (e.g. LiDAR) has become an active topic in the remote sensing community. In this paper, we proposed a novel framework that utilizes higher-order CRFs (HCRFs) to capture the spatial contextual information for the RGB aerial images along with their co-registered LiDAR data (DSMs). Our proposed HCRFs framework exploits the spatial contextual information in two levels. The first level encourages harmonic label co-existence within one segment, which can be generated by an unsupervised superpixel algorithm. The second level takes into account the local object co-occurrence among adjacent segments. We then show that how to apply the move making graph cuts algorithm to perform efficient inference for our proposed CRFs framework. Based on the experiments on a challenging data set, our proposed higher-order CRF framework generated state-of-the-art semantic segmentation results.
CHAPTER 218 – G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, Cell Transformation, and Signal Fidelity

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class of cell surface receptors and govern a multiplicity of intracellular signaling mechanisms, fulfilling a wide range of critical physiological and cell-specific actions. This vast signaling potential of GPCRs, however, leaves cell-specific transduction pathways vulnerable to profound alterations when G-protein coupled receptors are aberrantly expressed out of their cellular context or persistently activated by either mutatagenesis or excess availability of their ligands. This chapter covers some of the mechanisms that GPCRs modulate in order to stimulate normal and pathological cell proliferation, including the communication between heterotrimeric G proteins and guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for the Ras and Rho families of small GTPases, signaling cassettes regulating the activity of members of the MAP kinase superfamily, and more recent findings that identify a number of G-protein-independent effectors. It also explore the emerging role of scaffolding molecules in physically organizing the components of each transducing pathway downstream of GPCRs. These organizing molecules are likely to provide cell specificity to GPCR-driven signaling by preventing inappropriate cross-talk in physiological contexts, and may be one of the missing components that allow aberrantly expressed GPCRs or ectopic activation of their targets to cause cell transformation.
Rapid Instant Thin-Layer Chromatography System for Determining the Radiochemical Purity of 68Ga-DOTATATE

The objective of this study was to develop instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC) conditions for the determination of radiochemical purity of 68Ga-DOTATATE in a shorter time period than those stated in the NETSPOT (Advanced Accelerator Applications, Saint-Genis-Pouilly, France; AAA) kit package insert (PI). A faster ITLC system is needed to reduce the 48- to 50-min development time so that more radioactivity is available for single patient use and wait times are shorter in the event of kit failure. Methods: Variations of the PI mobile system were evaluated with microfiber chromatography paper impregnated with silica gel (ITLC-SG). After a more suitable mobile system was identified, evaluation began by attempting to shorten the 10-cm development distance to 7, 8, and 9 cm. Results: Experiments using variations of PI mobile phase showed that increasing the proportion of methanol in the mobile phase decreased development time. Additionally, if the ratio of 1 M ammonium acetate was reduced to 10% or less, retention factor values fall outside specification. Reducing the development distance shortened development time as expected; however, it also affected the resolution aspect of the radiochromatogram. Conclusion: The fastest developing ITLC system, which maintained resolution and peak shape, was methanol:1 M ammonium acetate (80:20 V/V) with ITLC-SG using a development distance of 8 cm.
God’s Dice and Einstein’s Solids

What role does chance play in the universe? Quantum theory suggests that randomness is a fundamental part of how the universe works and yet we live mostly intentional, ordered lives. We make decisions with the expectation that our decisions matter. How is it possible for this directed and seemingly deterministic world to arise from mere randomness? In this essay I show that simple combinatorial systems behave in precisely this manner and I discuss the implications of this for theories that include notions of free will.
Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been key to understanding the underlying pathology in RA. For over 50 years, the most common models have been based on the use of adjuvants that contain bacteria (mycobacteria) or that rely on the use of collagen type II to induce the disease. The role of microbes in the etiology of RA has long been hypothesized, and the existing data, while correlative and circumstantial, suggest this hypothesis is correct. The animal models, however, as valuable as they have been, are acute in their initiation, onset, and outcomes unlike the disease that occurs in humans. This chapter focuses on the major animal models of RA currently in use and their advantages and disadvantages and offers suggestions for future directions including the use of transgenic and/or humanized mice.
Heat Control and Sensing during Electromagnetic Recovery of Cryopreserved Large Organs

It has long been recognised that a nation-wide system of banks in which human organs could be stored in readiness for implantation would substantially enhance health care delivery. Research efforts directed to transforming this desired capability into a reality have focused on investigating techniques by which organs can be satisfactorily received, typed, stored for extended periods, and then rapidly recovered for implantation. Satisfactory techniques for organ receipt and typing are generally available, but much research is still needed in the areas of organ storage and recovery.
Deep HST Imaging of a Galaxy Cluster at z = 2.40

We present a 67-orbit HST/WFPC2 exposure on the weak radio galaxy 53W002 at z=2.390 and its surrounding cluster. Color Plate 1 shows 12 orbits in I F 814 W & V F 606 W, and 24 in B F450W. Potential cluster members were identified through 15 orbits in F410M, optimized for narrowband searches for compact Lyα objects at z≃2.4 (P96), and confirmed through spectroscopy (W91, P96); 16 candidates were found with significant narrow-band emission in F410M: 4 out of 5 had a confirming MMT spectroscopic redshift at z≃.40 (P96). All are located within 60″ from 53W002, or ~ 0.24h -1 100 Mpc (q o=0.5) at z ≃2.4, the physical scale of a group or small galaxy cluster. One object contains a weak (variable) AGN, another is a merger with two companions. Their underlying young stellar population is very compact, with r h.l.≃0.2″ (≃ 0.8h -1 100kpc), and considerably fainter than the L *-value at z~2.4, implying sub-galactic sized objects. These results may explain why ground-based Lyα searches for PG’s have been largely unsuccessful. The narrow-line galaxy 53W002 was imaged in the PC at ~0.07″ FWHM (WK95, see also W94). Its AGN component is ≤ 20±4% of the total continuum, surrounded by an extended r ¼-envelope with r h.l. ~ 1.1″ (4.3 kpc), and has an SED of ~0.3 Gyr in the center to ~0.5–1.0 Gyr at ~4 kpc. A one-sided cloud is seen kpc West, ~0.3 mag bluer than the SED, aligned with the radio source and its Ly-α cloud, presumably weak scattered AGN light, and/or jet-induced star-formation.
The relationship between attention and consciousness: an expanded taxonomy and implications for ‘no-report’ paradigms

Tensions between global neuronal workspace theory and recurrent processing theory have sparked much debate in the field of consciousness research. Here, we focus on one of the key distinctions between these theories: the proposed relationship between attention and consciousness. By reviewing recent empirical evidence, we argue that both theories contain key insights and that certain aspects of each theory can be reconciled into a novel framework that may help guide future research. Alternative theories are also considered, including attended intermediate-level representations theory, integrated information theory and higher order thought theory. With the aim of offering a fresh and nuanced perspective to current theoretical debates, an updated taxonomy of conscious and non-conscious states is proposed. This framework maps a wider spectrum of conscious states by incorporating contemporary views from cognitive neuroscience regarding the variety of attentional mechanisms that are known to interact with sensory processing. Whether certain types of attention are necessary for phenomenal and access consciousness is considered and incorporated into this extended taxonomy. To navigate this expanded space, we review recent 'no-report' paradigms and address several methodological misunderstandings in order to pave a clear path forward for identifying the neural basis of perceptual awareness.This article is part of the theme issue 'Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access'.