cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mast cell-macrophage interactions alter inflammatory cytokine production.

Increased levels of mast cells and macrophages are seen at the tumor microenvironment. Mast cells are associated with tumor progression, and macrophages have been observed to induce cancer cell motility and angiogenesis. Like mast cells, macrophages produce inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-13, IL-6 and MIP-1α. The individual role of these cells are well-recognized, but very little is known about their potential interactions in this microenvironment. Our preliminary studies demonstrate that co-culturing mast cells with macrophages elevates inflammatory cytokine production. Cultures of IgE-sensitized, antigen stimulated mast cells mixed with macrophages produced higher concentration of inflammatory cytokines than either cell population alone. These data demonstrate the possibility that communication between mast cells and macrophages may alter one another’s functions, especially cytokine secretion. These studies will help us gain a better understanding of the role of mast cell-macrophage interactions and how they may contribute to both normal and pathological immunity.
- Continuing Education: Opportunities for Enhanced Family Relations

This chapter deals with the opportunity for enhanced family relation, as discussed by Troy. It is important to address post licensure training. A model for the training of the next wave of psychologists to work in the managed care setting is essential. Troy addresses some of the post licensure education needs on curriculum restructuring in the chapter. At an individual level, both private practitioners and academicians have a number of strengths. Both have demonstrated cognitive and emotional capabilities. Additionally, both groups comprised of individual purposes have dedicated themselves to alleviating human suffering. While the form this work takes can vary significantly, the function remains essentially the same. There is an opportunity to forge a new alliance that moves beyond old rivalries with a resulting rapprochement between the practice and academic communities.
Validating Measures Of Self Control Via Rasch Measurement

Self control has been offered as a fundamental explanation for consumption behavior in a number of marketing settings. Until recently, measurement of self control had been inadequate, with advances being made only in specific domains. Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone (2004) introduced a reflective measure of self control which has gained popularity across social science research. However, the authors did not subject this critical measure to a review of fit and function through a psychometric lens. This study reviews their measure with consideration of fit and function, applying item response theory, and more specifically, Rasch measurement. Findings suggest that moderate levels of the unidimensional construct of self control are captured by the scale but high risk groups may be neglected by the measure in its current form.
The Small Subunit of the Splicing Factor U2AF Is Conserved in Fission Yeast

The human splicing factor U2 auxiliary factor (hsU2AF) is comprised of two interacting subunits of 65 and 35 kDa. Previously we identified the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homolog, spU2AF59, of the human large subunit. We have screened a fission yeast cDNA library in search of proteins that interact with spU2AF59 using the yeast two-hybrid system and have identified a homolog of the hsU2AF35 subunit. The S. pombe U2AF small subunit is a single copy gene that encodes a protein which shares 55% amino acid identity and 17% similarity with the human small subunit. Unlike the human protein, the yeast protein lacks an arginine/serine-rich region. The predicted molecular mass of the spU2AF small subunit is 23 kDa. The region of spU2AF59 that interacts with spU2AF23 is similar to the region in which the human small and large subunits interact.
PD30-03 IMPROVEMENTS IN EARLY HOSPITAL READMISSION AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANT – A NECESSITY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Minimally invasive approaches to kidney transplantation (KT) have recently been described. We recently developed and described a novel technique of robotic KT (RKT) which allows intra corporeal graft cooling. Here, we sought to assess the comparative effectiveness of robotic and open KT (OKT) by evaluating peri and post-operative outcomes. METHODS: During Jan-May 2013, a total of 83 patients with end stage renal disease underwent KT at a tertiary referral center. Sixty six patients met the selection criteria and were enrolled into this prospective two-arm non-randomized controlled trial (IDEAL Phase-2b). Primary outcome was post transplant graft function. Secondary outcomes measured included surgical and immunologic complications, and peri-operative parameters. All patients had a minimum follow up of 6 months. RESULTS: Twenty five and 41 patients underwent RKT and OKT, respectively. There were no significant baseline differences between the two groups. Mean serum creatinine at discharge was 1.3 and 1.4 mg/dl in RKT and OKT patients, respectively (p1⁄40.71). Post-operative pain and analgesic requirements were significantly less in patients undergoing RKT (p1⁄40.01) (Fig 1). No patient undergoing RKT required post transplant dialysis whereas 2 (4.8%) patients undergoing OKT did. The incidence of lymphocele was markedly reduced in patients undergoing RKT detected by per protocol non contrast CT done at 3months (0% vs. 23.8%; p1⁄40.05; Fig 1). There was 1 graft loss in the OKT group; and 1 patient death (1.5 months post transplant secondary to congestive heart failure) in the RKT group (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: RKT with regional hypothermia is safe and easily reproducible. Early outcomes are equivalent to OKT; with a propensity towards lower complications, quicker graft function recovery and shorter patient convalescence.
Combined effect of microbial and chemical control agents on subterranean termites.

Termite mortality was measured when fungi were combined with bacteria or a chemical termiticide to determine whether a synergistic effect occurred. The fungus Beauveria bassiana was combined with the non-repellant chemical termiticide imidacloprid. Of the three B. bassiana strains tested one, B. bassiana ATCC 90519, was sufficiently pathogenic on its own that the advantage of a supplementary chemical treatment was marginal. The mortality caused by another fungal strain, B. bassiana ATCC 26037, was improved in combination with imidacloprid at both of the tested chemical concentrations over the first 14 days. The remaining fungal strain, B. bassiana ATCC 90518, demonstrated an overall mortality rate in combination with imidacloprid of 82.5%, versus a rate of 65.0% for the fungus alone. The fungus Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr) was combined with the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). On day 5, Ifr, Bt, and the combined treatment at a 106 spores or cells/ml dosage caused 8.8%, 22.5%, and 15.0% mortality, respectively. The Bt and combined mortality rates are not significantly different. Control mortality on day 5 was 5.0%. On day 13 the combined 106 treatment mortality rate was 91.3%, which was significantly higher than all other treatments: control at 17.5%, Ifr at 36.3% and Bt at 35.0%. When Ifr and Bt were applied at a 109 spores or cells/ml dosage, Ifr alone caused a mortality rate of 97.5% as early as day 5. The combination with Bt could not significantly increase the effectiveness of this dosage. These data demonstrate the potential for synergistic effects of fungal and chemical treatment methods, thereby broadening the use of microbial control agents and reducing the quantity of chemical agents necessary to effect control.
On the Audibility of Fog Signals at Sea

IN NATURE of August 8, attention was called to some recent investigations, published in Hansa, on the inaudibility of fog-horns at sea within certain zones surrounding the signal, although the horn is distinctly heard outside of such regions. It seems strange to me that I can find nowhere suggested that this may be a phenomenon of interference similar to that suggested in light by Dr. Lloyd of Dublin (Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xvii.).
Network of wireless gamma-ray sensors for radiological detection and identification

The paper describes the design and development of a network of wireless gamma-ray sensors based on cell phone or WiFi technology. The system is intended for gamma-ray detection and automatic identification of radioactive isotopes and nuclear materials. The sensor is a gamma-ray spectrometer that uses wireless technology to distribute the results. A small-size sensor module contains a scintillation detector along with a small size data acquisition system, PDA, battery, and WiFi radio or a cell phone modem. The PDA with data acquisition and analysis software analyzes the accumulated spectrum on real-time basis and returns results to the screen reporting the isotopic composition and intensity of detected radiation source. The system has been programmed to mitigate false alarms from medical isotopes and naturally occurring radioactive materials. The decision-making software can be "trained" to indicate specific signatures of radiation sources like special nuclear materials. The sensor is supplied with GPS tracker coupling radiological information with geographical coordinates. The sensor is designed for easy use and rapid deployment in common wireless networks.
Rapid indices of potential nitrogen mineralization for intensively managed hardwood plantations

Abstract Short‐rotation hardwood plantations generally require repeated applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maintain desired growth and are being installed on two previous land uses: agricultural fields and cutover forest lands. Because the soil organic matter chemistry is different between agricultural field and cutover soils, indices of N availability developed for one land use or the other may not work well across both land use types. The standard aerobic incubation index is time consuming and costly. Therefore, three rapid methods were tested for estimating it on six converted agricultural fields and seven cutover pine sites currently in intensively managed sweetgum plantations on the eastern coastal plain of the United States. Two procedures (anaerobic incubation and hot KCl extract) were not useful for estimating mineralizable N in either agricultural field soils or cutover pine soils. The third index, a 3‐day incubation of rewetted soils previously dried, was linearly correlated to mineraliz...
The ontogeny of apomorphine-induced alterations of neostriatal dopamine release : effects on spontaneous release

The effects of apomorphine (0.05, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) on the extracellular levels of dopamine and the dopamine metabolite 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were studied through the use of in vivo microdialysis in the neostriatum of developing and adult rats. Fifteen-minute samples were collected from urethane-anesthetized rats 5, 10–11, 21–22, and 35–36 days old and adults and quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Apomorphine attenuated extracellular levels of dopamine in all age groups, suggesting that the dopamine autoreceptor modulating release in the neostriatum is functional by 5 days of age. A dose-response effect of apomorphine on extracellular dopamine was observed in all age groups except at 10–11 days of age. Extracellular levels of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were also significantly decreased in all age groups, consistent with the hypothesis that synthesis-modulating dopamine autoreceptors in the neostriatum are functional by 5 days of age. Apomorphine had a significantly greater effect on extracellular 3, 4-dihydrpxyphenylacetic acid levels at the 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg doses in the 5- and 10–11-day-old age groups compared with the other ages. Absolute levels of extracellular dopamine were significantly attenuated at 5 days of age compared with the other ages, and absolute levels of extracellular 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid monotonically increased with age.
Solid “Liquid Crystal” Films of Poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate

WE present here evidence for a planar layered structure in solid films of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate (PEG) made by casting from solution. The (idealized) structure is composed of successive layers of planes parallel to the film surface. The planes themselves consist of “domain” regions of parallel helical molecules. In a given domain the molecules in adjacent planes show a slight angle of twist relative to one another, characteristic of cholesteric liquid crystal structures. An interesting manifestation of this suggested structure is the unusually anisotropic swelling of these films. Films plasticized with a nonvolatile solvent also maintain this layered cholesteric structure with a uniform separation of the PEG planes as shown by birefringence studies.
A Corticothalamic Switch: Controlling the Thalamus with Dynamic Synapses

Summary Corticothalamic neurons provide massive input to the thalamus. This top-down projection may allow the cortex to regulate sensory processing by modulating the excitability of thalamic cells. Layer 6 corticothalamic neurons monosynaptically excite thalamocortical cells, but also indirectly inhibit them by driving inhibitory cells of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Whether corticothalamic activity generally suppresses or excites the thalamus remains unclear. Here we show that the corticothalamic influence is dynamic, with the excitatory-inhibitory balance shifting in an activity-dependent fashion. During low-frequency activity, corticothalamic effects are mainly suppressive, whereas higher-frequency activity (even a short bout of gamma frequency oscillations) converts the corticothalamic influence to enhancement. The mechanism of this switching depends on distinct forms of short-term synaptic plasticity across multiple corticothalamic circuit components. Our results reveal an activity-dependent mechanism by which corticothalamic neurons can bidirectionally switch the excitability and sensory throughput of the thalamus, possibly to meet changing behavioral demands.
Changes in Rural Bankingmarkets in Wisconsin:Implications for Community Development

The recent spate of mergers in the U.S. financial sector is the latest example of a trend that startedin the 1980s: a growing concentration and centralization of the financial sector. Comparing 1990to 1980, there was a decline in the number, but an increase in the size, of financial institutions. Thisstudy examines how this national trend manifested itself in Wisconsin's rural banking markets.We find an increase in financial institutions (suggesting greater competition), a higher ratio oflocal to nonlocal financial institutions (suggesting a continuing local connection between lendersand customers), and an increase in the size of service areas (suggesting greater capacity for capitalmobility). Greater capacity for capital mobility suggests a need for alternative credit sources fordeclining rural areas.
The uniform crime reports revisited

Abstract Of all criminal justice statistics in the United States, the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are the most widely known, used, and criticized. While the criticisms leveled at the UCR have been many and varied, attempts to assess the effects of the shortcomings of the UCR have been rare. Unfortunately, national sources of data against which the UCR can be gauged are very limited. There are, however, two such sources which may be used—homicide statistics collected by the Center for Health Statistics and the 1967 National Opinion Research Center victimization survey. While only very crude comparisons can be made between the UCR and data from these two sources, the results suggest that for homicide trends and the geographic distribution of “index” offenses, UCR and non-UCR sources depict similar patterns. Finally, procedures which various researchers have proposed for constructing a “crime index” are compared to the simple-sum method used by the UCR. When counties are used as the unit of analysis, most of the weighting schemes examined are found to order the counties in similar fashion. The implications of these results are briefly discussed.
Dynamic assessment of information acquisition effort during interactive search

We present a method to measure some aspects of cognitive effort by a user while reading during a search session. We measured reading eye movement properties and patterns of eye movement in a user study (n=32) of participants carrying out realistic journalism IR work tasks. The results show the cognitive effort measures correlate positively with the information task characteristics that, by hypothesis, contribute to task difficulty. They also correlate well with participant self-assessed task difficulty. Our methodology can be applied to eye tracking data in any (textual) information setting and used to give dynamic estimates of these aspects of cognitive processing during search.
Measurement and analysis of excited-state decay kinetics and chiroptical activity in the 6HJ ← 4G5/2 transitions of Sm3+ in trigonal Na3[Sm(C4H4O5)3] · 2NaClO4 · 6H2O

Abstract Axial total luminescence (TL) and circularly polarized luminescence spectra are presented for the 6 H J (J = 5 2 , 7 2 , 9 2 ) ← 4 G 5 2 transition regions of Na3[Sm(oxydiacetate)3]·2NaClO4·6H2O (SmODA) for sample temperatures of 77 K and room temperature (∼ 300 K). TL and CPL data are rationalized in terms of dipole strengths and rotatory strengths of transitions between the individual crystal-field levels of Sm3+. The calculation of dipole- and rotatory strengths was accomplished using crystal-field wave functions and electric-dipole intensity parameters determined in previous studies of the polarized absorption spectra of Sm3+ in SmODA. Calculated dipole strengths and rotatory strengths for crystal-field transitions in the 6 H J (J = 5 2 , 7 2 , 9 2 ) ← 4 G 5 2 regions are given. Simulated TL/CPL spectra are generated from calculated dipole- and rotatory strengths, and are compared to observed data. Excellent agreement is found between theory and observation. Non-radiative deactivation of 4 G 5 2 emission in SmODA and 5D0 emission in EuODA is investigated. It is shown that two vibrational modes are active in non-radiative deactivation from these states: the C-H stretching mode of the oxydiacetate ligand; and the O-H stretching mode of lattice waters. Multiphonon emission due to interaction with both vibrational modes is analyzed in terms of the modified energy-gap law of Van Dijk and Schuurmans. It is found that both modes couple with near-equal strengths to the lanthanide ion. It is suggested that the processes promoting the multiphonon transitions may have different efficiencies for the two active vibrational modes in these systems.
Transient elevation of aldose reductase mRNA in lens of rats developing galactose cataracts.

Aldose reductase (AR), a major enzyme in the polyol pathway, is thought to be responsible for accumulation of polyols in lenses exposed to high doses of galactose or glucose, and it may be linked to some of the complications found in diabetes. In this report we examined the level of expression of AR mRNA in lens epithelia undergoing development of galactose cataracts in vivo. The AR mRNA was quantitated by Northern blot hybridization with a [35S]-RNA transcript from a previously described AR cDNA clone. This was done on normal lens epithelia and on epithelia from lens of rats fed a diet of Purina Chow containing 50% galactose for periods of from 6 hr to 20 days. We found AR mRNA to elevate to about 5-fold the control levels by 12–24 hr on galactose, then decrease to the control levels by day 4. The increase in AR mRNA appears to be transitory. The high abundance in AR mRNA by 24 hr on galactose was confirmed by in situ hybridization. At later periods, from 8 to 20 days on galactose, a slow increase in AR mRNA took effect, as we have previously reported. Changes in the levels of galactose and dulcitol between 0 and 96 hr were also quantitated by gas chromatography, showing that there was a significant increase in both galactose and dulcitol occurring throughout the experimental period. The induction in mRNA accumulation in the lens epithelia within the first 12–24 hr does not appear to be specific for AR mRNA, but it is widespread and affects at least three other lens genes coding for: the γ-crystallin, the lens intrinsic membrane protein MP26 and c-myc.
Protein synthesis and auxin-induced growth: Inhibitor studies

We have compared the effects of cycloheximide (CHI) and two other rapid and effective inhibitors of protein synthesis, pactamycin and 2-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methyl proprionamide (MDMP), on protein synthesis, respiration, auxin-induced growth and H+-excreation of Avena sativa L. coleoptiles. All three compounds inhibit protein synthesis without affecting respiration. The effectiveness of the inhibitors against H+-excretion and growth correlates with their ability to inhibit protein synthesis. Both CHI and MDMP inhibit auxin-induced H+-excretion after a latent period of 5–8 min, and inhibit growth after a 8–10-min lag. These results support the idea that continued protein synthesis is required in the initial stages of the growth-promoting action of auxin.
Analysis of PTEN mutations and deletions in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

The PTEN gene is involved in 10q23 deletions in several types of cancer, including glioma, melanoma, endometrial and prostate carcinomas. The PTEN gene product is a dual-specificity phosphatase with putative tumor suppressor function. Deletions and rearrangements of 10q22-25 have been reported in approximately 5%-10% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), raising the possibility of PTEN involvement in these tumors. In order to address this question, we analyzed a panel of NHLs (n = 74) representative of the main histologic subtypes for mutations and homozygous deletions of PTEN. We report somatic coding/splice site mutations in 20% (2 of 10) of Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and in 3% (2 of 64) of primary NHL cases analyzed. No homozygous deletions were found in these tumors. Interestingly, this study showed that cytogenetically characterized NHL cases (n = 6) with 10q22-q25 abnormalities displayed neither biallelic deletions nor mutations of PTEN. These results suggest that a tumor suppressor gene distinct from PTEN may be involved in 10q deletions in this subgroup of NHL cases.
Error rates in a multiple-choice spatial manipulation test.

Error rates in a multiple-choice spatial manipulation test were analyzed post hoc on a number of different test item variables with the intention of building a computational cognitive model that simulates error rates on a spatial manipula tion test. 12 men (Army soldiers), ranging in age from 19 to 38 years, with an average age of 29 yr., participated. The variables included degree of rotation, connectivity, number of blocks in each polygon, types of distractors used, and compactness. Significant effects of connectivity, number of blocks in each polygon. type of distractor, and compactness on error rates were found, with mirror-image distractors being selected more often than nonmirror-image distractors. The amount of rotation of each image was not an influential factor in overall error rate; however, there were indications from verbal protocols that participants were using nonrotational strategies to solve the problems. Our findings suggest that complexity, i.e., connectivity, number of blocks in each polygon, and compactness, may affect error rates for nonrotational manipulation of visual images. Findings also suggest that participants may have difficulty evaluating "handedness" of images while using nonrotational manipulations.
Nanomaterials and their application to defense and homeland security

A critical issue to homeland security and defense is the development of broad range collectors and detectors of weapons of mass destruction. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are increasingly important in the area of such separation and detection. This article presents an overview of the research at the Forensic Science Center at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to develop nanostructured materials for applications to forensics and homeland security. Among the many types of nanomaterials reviewed are silica-based materials, molecular imprinted polymers, and silicon platforms. The main aim of the article is to optimize these new classes of materials for the collection concentration and detection of chemical weapons or other related compounds.
Mapping of the herpes simplex virus DNA sequences present in herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase-transformed cells.

Analyses of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA sequences which are present in three HSV thymidine kinase-transformed (HSVtk +)mouse cell lines have revealed that these cells contain relatively large and variable portions of the viral genome. Two of these cell lines do not contain the viral DNA sequences known to encode the early viral genes normally responsible for regulating tkgene expression during lytic HSV infections. This finding suggests that cell-associated viral tkgene expression may be regulated by cellular rather than viral control mechanisms. In addition, we have compared the viral DNA sequences present in one unstable HSVtk + cell line to those present in tk − revenant and tk + rerevertant cell lines sequentially derived from it. Our results have shown that within the limits of sensitivity of our mapping approach, these three related cell lines contain the same set of viral DNA sequences. Thus, gross changes in viral DNA content do not appear to be responsible for the different tk phenotypes of these cells.
Possible point-open types of subsets of the reals

IfX is a topological space and α is an ordinal, then the point-open game of length α on X, abbreviated Gα(X), is the two person game of length α in which, on the βth move (β<α), the first player (the “point picker”) picks a point of X and the second player (the “open set picker”) picks an open subset of X covering the point just played. The point picker wins iff the open sets thus picked cover X. The point-open type of X, abbreviated pot(X), is defined to be the smallest ordinal α such that the point picker has a winning strategy in Gα(X). This ordinal clearly exists and is no more than the cardinality of X. The main result of this paper is that if we assume the Continuum Hypothesis, then for every limit ordinal α<ω1, there is a subset X of the real numbers such that pot (X) = α. This solves a problem due to Peg Daniels and Gary Gruenhage.
Long-period earthquakes in the Long Valley caldera region, eastern California

Most earthquakes occurring near Long Valley caldera since the onset of recurring swarm activity in 1980 have the broad-band signature typical of tectonic or volcano-tectonic earthquakes with impulsive, high-frequency P and S waves. With the Mammoth Mountain earthquake swarm in mid 1989, we began detecting occasional events with a marked deficiency in energy above 5 Hz, a feature typical of long-period (LP) volcanic earthquakes. These events occur beneath the southwest flank of Mammoth Mountain at focal depths ranging from 10 to 28 km, distinctly deeper than the 2- to 10-km depth range for tectonic earthquakes in the area. The LP events occur at intervals ranging from weeks to months. Individual occurrences typically consist of several events within 2 to 5 minutes where the largest event has never been first. Magnitudes range from 0.5 to 1.8. The mid-crustal focal depths of the LP events are similar to occurrences at a number of areas with Holocene volcanism in Japan and the western United States. They may indicate the movement of magmatic fluids but do not necessarily indicate an imminent volcanic eruption.
Reevaluation of the relative activities of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and thyrotrophin) from the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas

The discovery that the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) previously prepared from the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, contained a major neurohypophysial contaminant prompted a repurification and characterization of the glycoprotein hormones in this turtle. Results reaffirmed the physicochemical distinctiveness of the three hormones. Minimal cross-contamination between hormones (less than 2%) was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography, subunit dissociation (of contaminating luteinizing hormone (LH], gel filtration, and immuno-affinity chromatography. New preparations of FSH and thyrotrophin (TSH) derived from adult pituitaries proved to be more potent than those described previously (the degree depending on the nature of the assay); FSH showed the expected increase in activity based on estimated contamination of previous preparations. LH was similar to original preparations except for enhanced activity in FSH radioreceptor assays. Binding assays (in heterologous and homologous systems) again demonstrated the general absence of an FSH-specific receptor in the reptilian (chelonian and squamate) testes. In an in vivo bioassay in the lizard Anolis, the turtle FSH was orders of magnitude more potent than LH in stimulating both testis growth and androgen secretion, but in vitro LH was considerably more potent than FSH in stimulating androgen secretion in squamate and chelonian testes. Thus, the possibility exists that androgen secretion in some chelonian systems may exhibit a high degree of LH specificity like that of mammals and birds.
Inflation, relative price variation, and inequality

Abstract In this paper the impact of prices on inequality in the distribution of individual welfare is examined using an explicit behavioral model. An index of relative inequality is defined over the distribution of individual welfare measures which are functions of prices, total expenditure, and the demographic attributes of each consuming unit. Price effects are determined by comparing the relative inequality measure at the existing prices to that attained at a reference vector of prices. The total impact of prices on inequality is decomposed into an effect attributable to inflation alone and that due solely to relative price variation. The effect of price changes on the relative welfare level of the group of households at the lower end of the welfare distribution is also considered.
Teachers as Adult Learners: A New Perspective

As professional developers, it is imperative that we view the teacher of adults as an adult learner and the professional development activity as adult learning. This chapter presents the Adult Learning Model for Faculty Development for implementation with teachers of adults.
Walking the Walk and Talking the Talk: Gender Differences in the Impact of Interviewing Skills on Applicant Assessments

The first aim of this study was to investigate the unique contributions (beyond objective qualifications) of verbal and nonverbal interviewing skills to recruiters’ assessments of applicants. The s...
The amino acid content of sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) nematocysts.

Abstract 1. 1. A study of nematocyst preparations from the jellyfish, Chrysaora quinquecirrha , reveals the presence of hydroxyproline, glycine and other amino acids in concentrations generally compatible with those found in the collagen of invertebrates.
Induction spectrometer powder pattern in Zeeman nuclear quadrupole resonance of spin-32 nuclei for η = 0

Abstract Zeeman-perturbed NQR powder pattern induction spectra were calculated for I = 3 2 with an axially symmetric electric field gradient (η = 0). A theoretical spectrum with magnetic modulation agrees fairly well with an experimental resonance of 35Cl in polycrystalline NaClO3.
A path generation method for sculptured surface manufacture

Abstract This paper describes a new path generation algorithm. When given a mathematical surface description and accuray tolerance, the algorithm approximates the surface representation by a sequence of straight line segments for graphical displays and linear cutter paths for surface manufacturing on computer-integrated numerical control (CNC) machines with five or more axes. This path generation method is generally applicable to sculptured surface manufacturing where multi-axis milling machines are necessary to produce smooth three-dimensional surfaces.
HLA extended haplotypes in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome of childhood.

HLA extended haplotypes in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome has been postulated to have an immunopathogenic basis. To determine whether steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome is associated with greater than expected frequencies of specific extended haplotypes of the major histocompatibility complex, we studied genetic markers (Class I, II, III HLA alleles and glyoxalase I) in 173 subjects in 42 families of patients with nephrotic syndrome of childhood. The single allele, DQW2, was found in 72% of steroid sensitive patients compared with only 35% of the controls (P = 0.003). In half of 32 steroid sensitive, but not 10 steroid resistant, patients, one or both of two specific extended haplotypes (alleles that segregate together) were identified. The first, [HLA-A1, B8, DR3, DRW52, SCOl], occurred in 11 of 64 haplotypes, or 17%, compared to 5% of controls (P = 0.017). The other, [HLA-B44, DR7, DRW53, FC31], occurred in 10 of 64 haplotypes, 16% compared to 3.8% of controls (P = 0.014). Five patients had both haplotypes. Patients with these specific extended haplotypes had a greater frequency of relapses than did those with other haplotypes. These data provide additional support for the hypothesis that steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome has an immunogenetic basis.
A Palestinian Perspective on the Arab-Israeli Conflict

(1985). A Palestinian Perspective on the Arab-Israeli Conflict*. Journal of Palestine Studies: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 35-48.
New complexities at the Qa-1 locus.

Mouse strain and tissue distribution analyses indicate that the new antiserum A anti-A-Tla b recognizes the cell-surface product governed by the previously serologically undetectable Qa-I b allele. This cell-surface product has therefore been called Qa-1.2. Three levels of anti-Qa-1.2 cytotoxicity in the presence of complement have been observed: high, intermediate, and zero lysis. In general, high levels of lysis correlate with the presence of the Qa-1 b allele, while zero levels of lysis correlate with the presence of the Qa-1 aallele. The A.CA strain reacts with both anti-Qa-1.1 and anti-Qa-1.2 and may possess a third allele, Qa-1 d. Several strains including B6-H-2 k react in an intermediate fashion. Recombinant strain analyses indicate that this intermediate reaction may be due to modifying genes within the H-2D region.
Molecular Characteristics of Prion Rods Purified from Scrapie-Infected Hamster Brains

Purification of scrapie prions from hamster brains has demonstrated that the infectious particles contain one major protein, PrP 27-30. This protein, which is required for and inseparable from scrapie infectivity, polymerizes into heterogeneous rod-shaped particles measuring 10-20 nm in diameter and 100-200 nm in length. We attempted to identify the minimal infectious unit by disrupting aggregates of the rods. Prolonged sonication resulted in progressive fragmentation of the rods into spherical particles with a mean diameter of 19 nm and short rods with a mean length of 60 nm. No change in scrapie infectivity accompanied this profound alteration in rod morphology. In contrast, brief sonication disrupted the ultrastructure of the filamentous bacteriophage M13 and led to a marked loss in infectivity. No consistent correlation could be made between scrapie prion infectivity and disruption of the rods by a variety of treatments. Proteases, acid, base, chaotropic agents, detergents, and heat were examined for their ability to alter the morphology of the rods. The lack of correlation between ultrastructural morphology of the rods and titers of prions is consistent with the hypothesis that the rods are aggregates of prions and are not fundamental particles themselves.
Angiographic demonstration of the causes of external arteriovenous haemodialysis shunt failure

The failure of chronic dialysis A-V shunts can usually be related to a cause of decreased flow rate which can be demonstrated by angiography. Examples of shunt failure due to mechanical defects in cannula position, foreign body reaction to the presence of the cannula, thrombosis due to a variety of reasons, unfavourable cannula placement proximal to entrance of a large venous tributary and arteriosclerotic degeneration of the vascular wall are illustrated. A decision to revise the shunt may be made on the basis of the angiographic findings.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Studies in Patients with Homograft Mitral Valve Replacement

Debate continues regarding the long-term clinical and hemodynamic benefit of homograft replacement of the diseased mitral valve. The results of valve replacement with mitral homografts in the 120 patients who have had operation at the Stanford Medical Center from May 1967 to November 1970 are given. The operative mortality rate has been 5% and the late mortality rate 6%. Anticoagulants were stopped 6 weeks following surgery and there has been only one thromboembolic complication. Ninety percent of the surviving patients are improved clinically. Thirteen of these patients have been restudied 25 to 41 months after receiving homograft mitral valve replacement. Hemodynamic studies showed a 43% decrease in mean left atrial pressure and 42% decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure with a 10% increase in mean resting cardiac output. Early diastolic gradients between the left atrium and left ventricle averaging 3.0 mm Hg at rest and 6.0 mm Hg during moderate exercise were present. Left ventricular angiography showed a trace of mitral insufficiency in three patients, moderate to severe in three others, and poor contractility in three other patients with normal homograft function. Mitral insufficiency, when present, was thought to result from poor mounting of the homograft on the metal strut rather than primary deterioration of the valve leaflets. These data indicate that fresh homograft replacement of the mitral valve provides good long-term clinical and hemodynamic benefit in most patients.
Cognitive Consistency and Environmental Action

This research shows that cognitive consistency applies to environmental attitudes and behavior. Most individuals who were observed to engage in a proenvironmental behavior (purchasing lead-free gasoline) had two consistent cognitions—a belief that their behavior was economically expedient and a feeling of personal obligation. Those who held both beliefs and behaved consistently reported greater social support and more supporting beliefs than those who manifested cognitive inconsistency. They also showed a greater behavioral commitment to purchasing lead-free. These data suggest that cognitions are organized as opinion molecules and that behavior is consistent with attitudes. This attitude-behavior consistency is more likely to be observed when behavioral choice is unconstrained, as it was when the data were collected in 1973, before government regulations limited consumer choices.
An Opportunity for Improving Osteoporosis Treatment in Home Health Care

Purpose: To examine osteoporosis prevention and treatment among home health care (HHC) patients at risk of fragility fracture in a large, Midwestern integrated HHC system. Methods: All patients who...
Analysis of warm-up effects during avoidance in the Mongolian gerbil

Mongolian gerbils were trained under unsignaled free-operant avoidance until performance stabilized. They showed slight warm-up effects, receiving approximately 40% of the total session shocks in the initial one-third of the session. Leverpressing was then studied during 1-h extinction periods as a function of the duration of an avoidance period which immediately preceded it. Responding during extinction showed only a small increase as the duration of the avoidance period increased from 1 to 60 min. The majority of gerbils showed nonsignificant correlations between the number of extinction responses and avoidance time, avoidance responses, and shocks. The results appear to support an explanation of warm-up which emphasizes differences in activation/arousal between domesticated and nondomesticated animals.
Predictors of Perioperative Myocardial Infarction in Coronary Artery Operation

Abstract Postoperative graft patency and thirteen perioperative variables were evaluated as potential risk factors for perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) in 102 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Also, the incidence of perioperative MI and the amount of CK-MB released in the postoperative period were compared in three groups of patients selected according to the myocardial preservation technique employed: (1) topical hypothermia with and (2) without aortic cross-clamping and (3) cardioplegia. A perioperative MI as detected by electrocardiogram, enzymes, and myocardial scintigraphy with technetium 99 developed in 15 patients. Most important predictors of perioperative MI were found to be (1) left main and triple-vessel coronary artery disease, (2) a left ventricular enddiastolic pressure ≥ 15 mm Hg, (3) a decreased ejection fraction ( p 120 minutes ( p p
Ontogeny of the androgen receptor in rat ventral prostate during sexual development.

Concentrations of cytosolic androgen receptor, DNA and soluble protein, contents of DHT, and in-vivo uptake of3H-DHT were measured in rat ventral prostates at 5-day intervals during sexual development. Regarding prostate weight two phases of growth were noted being separated by a period of stagnation from Day 40 to 45. Cytosolic androgen receptor, particle-bound DHT, and uptake of3H-DHT into the 100,000-g sediment showed a clear pattern: a maximum in the prepubertal animal at age Day 20, a minimum at age Day 30 (4 days after the early pubertal rise of LH, testosterone, and DHT) followed by a second maximum on Day 55 (2 days before the beginning of fertility), and a second minimum in the young mature animal on Day 70. An intermediate peak seen at age Day 37 was not significant. Neither the time-dependent profile of the cytosolic androgen receptor nor the contents and in vivo uptake of DHT were correlated to concentrations of circulating gonadotrophins, growth hormone, and sex-steroids measured during puberty in the same strain of animals. Therefore, the regulating mechanism remains unclear.
Risk Stratification and Radiologic Evaluation of Central Venous Port Malfunction

Abstract Background Appropriate indications for radiologic evaluation of central venous ports are not fully understood. We aimed to quantitatively assess the utility of clinical history and imaging in the evaluation of malfunctioning central venous ports. Methods Clinical history, plain radiographs, and line injections intended to evaluate central venous port malfunction in 153 consecutive cases over a nearly 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed by 2 radiologists. Radiographs and line injections were separately categorized as normal or abnormal, and a consensus was reached on the final imaging diagnosis. The likelihood of a port-related abnormality necessitating immediate intervention was determined for all represented combinations of clinical history, radiographic findings, and line injection results. Results A radiologic diagnosis was made in 96.1% of cases; 19.7% of these diagnoses were classified as critical, requiring prompt intervention. Very low risk histories had a 0.0% incidence of critical port abnormalities in our cohort, regardless of imaging findings. Low risk histories had a 10.5% incidence of a critical abnormality and were best evaluated either by line injection, either directly or following an abnormal chest radiograph. Intermediate and high risk histories were associated with a 30.5% and 61.1% incidence of critical port abnormalities, respectively, and were best evaluated by line injection without preceding chest radiograph. Conclusions There are several scenarios in which imaging does not meaningfully affect management of malfunctioning central venous ports. Recognizing these inefficiencies may allow for more appropriate and cost-effective use of radiographs and line injections to evaluate the cause of port malfunction.
Half a Loaf is Better than None: Some Novel Message Integrity Problems

The familiar failing of digital signatures formed using an individual's private key in a public key cryptosystem is that the signature can be disavowed, in the sense that an impartial arbiter cannot prove otherwise, by the holder of the Private key either disclosing, or claiming, the disclosure of his key. In various guises this failure characterizes all individual identification systems which equate identity with the possession of a piece of information that was once known to be in the private possession of the individual identified. This paper describes a means of associating an individual with an unforgeable piece of information, such that the association is feasible to verify whenever the individual needs to be identified. Consequently, the bearer canbe identified (associated) with the information and the problem described above solved. An application of this principle to access control at sensitive nuclear facilities has been made and is described briefly.
A structural model for the genome of echovirus 22.

We have proposed previously that the structural model for the echovirus 22 genome is a single-stranded RNA molecule that has folded back upon itself to form a stable “hairpin” at the 5′-terminus. The vRNA of echovirus 22 has been characterized further by digestion with selective ribonucleases, electrophoresis in composite gels, hydrodynamic studies in density gradients of Cs2SO4 and sucrose, thermal denaturation and 3′-terminal ribonucleotide analysis. Based on these observations, the genome of echovirus 22 is a single-stranded RNA molecule having a region of secondary structure located at the 5′-terminus that may be characterized as a snapback hairpin with hydrogen-bonded base-pairing. In addition, a VPg-like protein is attached (presumably to the 5′-end of the RNA) and the 3′-terminus contains a polyadenylic acid tract [poly(A)].
μ-bases for polynomial systems in one variable

The notion of a @m-basis for an arbitrary number of polynomials in one variable is defined. The basic properties of these @m-bases are derived, and an algorithm is presented based on Gaussian Elimination to calculate a @m-basis for any collection of univariate polynomials. These @m-bases are then applied to solve implicitization, inversion and intersection problems for rational space curves. Systems where base points are present are also discussed.
Neonatal capsaicin treatment alters the metabolic activity of subcortical somatosensory structures of developing rats in response to whisker stimulation

Sprague-Dawley rats neonatally treated with capsaicin exhibited significant changes in 2-deoxy-glucose uptake in the subcortical somatosensory structures following repetitive whisker deflection. There was an increased uptake in the spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis and a decrease in the principal sensory nucleus and the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus. The present study suggests that disruption of nociceptive afferents during development causes functional changes to subcortical somatosensory trigeminal nuclei.