cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous palonosetron (PAL) in primary malignant glioma (MG) patients receiving standard radiotherapy (RT) and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ)

In malignant glioma (MG) patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) with concomitant temozolomide, chemoradiation-induced nausea and vomiting (cRINV) degrades quality of life (QoL) and reduces treatment adherence, which thereby potentially compromises cancer control. We conducted a 6-week phase II single-arm trial of PAL, a second-generation 5-HT3RA antiemetic, for cRINV prevention in MG patients receiving radiation therapy (RT; 54–60 Gy) and concomitant daily temozolomide (TMZ; 75 mg/m2/dX42d). Each week before radiation, patients received single-dose palonosetron (PAL) 0.25 mg IV (total = 6 doses). With safety/tolerability as the primary endpoint, the study was designed to differentiate between toxicity rates of 25 % (unacceptable) and 10 % (acceptable) toxicity rates. Secondary endpoints included the percentage of patients achieving cRINV complete response (CR: no emesis or rescue antiemetic) and QoL. Patients reported adverse effects in Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events diaries; recorded vomiting, nausea, and rescue medication use in diaries (which were used to assess cRINV-CR); and reported QoL 4 days/week using the Modified Functional Living Index-Emesis (M-FLIE) and Osoba nausea and vomiting/retching modules. We enrolled 38 patients (mean age 59 years, 55 % female, 95 % white, 68 % used oral corticosteroids, 76 % reported low alcohol use). Four patients (10.5 %) experienced unacceptable treatment-related toxicity, defined as any grade 3, 4, or 5 non-hematologic toxicity. M-FLIE and Osoba scores showed no evidence of treatment impact on QoL. Overall, cRINV-CR rates for 6 weeks ranged from 67–79 %. Single-dose weekly PAL is a safe and tolerable antiemetic for cRINV prevention in MG patients receiving standard RT and concomitant TMZ.
Not a “Real” Period?: Social and Material Constructions of Menstruation

Hasson provides an examination of menstrual suppression technologies and the implications they have on understanding menstruation as both quintessentially natural and socially constructed, and even what ‘counts’ as menstruation. Taking the case of birth control pills, Hasson studies menstrual suppression by analyzing medical journal articles, FDA advisory committee transcripts, and website marketing. Across these contexts, she finds that new definitions of ‘menstruation’ converge on the distinction between bleeding that occurs when women are taking hormonal birth control and when they are not. Finally, Hasson draws attention to the concept of redefining a biological process that is deeply significant for gendered embodiment, as well as a challenge to consider both the social and material construction of gendered bodies.
Francis Cress Welsing’s Contributions to Africana Studies Epistemology:

Francis Cress Welsing, a Black psychiatrist and medical school professor, advanced one of the most notable and controversial theories about the perpetuation of global White supremacy. The cress the...
The Integration of ERM and Strategy: Implications for Corporate Governance

SYNOPSIS: Since the early 2000s, expectations have increased for organizations to strengthen corporate governance with enterprise risk management (ERM) processes, with the accounting profession playing a major role in these efforts. The ultimate goal of an effective ERM process is to help boards and senior executives to manage risks in the context of strategy so that the organization is more likely to achieve its key objectives. We conduct semi-structured interviews of 15 ERM champions to provide insights about whether the ERM process is integrated with the strategic-planning and execution processes of the firm. We find that while the decision to launch ERM often is based on a desire for ERM to provide strategic value, the integration of ERM with strategy typically is limited. We then examine the ERM implementation process to identify possible ERM implementation practices limiting ERM's integration with strategy. We find that organizations' (1) culture and approach to preparing for ERM's launch, (2) ERM l...
Transposon-mediated directed mutation in bacteria and eukaryotes

Transposon-mediated "directed" mutations occur at higher frequencies when beneficial than when detrimental and relieve the stress that causes them. The first and best-studied example involves regulation of Insertion Sequence-5 (IS5) insertion into a specific activating site upstream of the glycerol utilization operon in Escherichia coli, glpFK. This event promotes high level expression of the glpFK operon, allowing glycerol utilization in wild type cells under inhibitory conditions. The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent, sugar transporting, phosphotransferase system (PTS) influences this process by regulating cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate and cyclic AMP concentrations. Insertion frequencies are determined by IS5-specific tetranucleotide target sequences in stress-induced (DNA) duplex destabilization (SIDD) structures counteracted by two DNA binding proteins, GlpR and Crp which directly inhibit insertion, responding to cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate and cyclic AMP, respectively. Expression of the E. coli master regulator of flagellar gene control, flhDC, is subject to activation by IS elements by a directed mechanism, and zinc-induced transposon-mediated zinc resistance has been demonstrated in Cupriavidus metallidurans. The use of DNA conformation and DNA binding proteins to control transposon hopping also occurs in eukaryotes.
Causal modeling in impulsive systems: A new rigorous non-standard analysis approach

Abstract A new approach for modeling nonlinear impulsive system is suggested based on nonstandard analysis. Basic properties of the hyperreals in nonstandard analysis are revisited. Depending on the convergence rate of infinitesimals in hyperreals, a new extended real space is proposed, which extends the one dimensional real line to a countably infinite dimensional extended real space. Generalized functions are defined via a sequential approach on the extended space, which yields a class of Heaviside functions and singular functions. By using the extended functions, a causal way for characterizing jumps in discontinuous system follows. We illustrate the usefulness of the theoretical development by analyzing three simple cases of impulsive affine system: (1) scalar case, (2) multi-dimensional case, and (3) one dimensional horizontal bouncing ball. The results suggest not only the existence of such infinitesimal models within the jump but also how to detour the equilibrium point while connecting the discontinuous state at the impact.
Engaging under-represented minorities in STEM through game jams

Although there is an increase in STEM career opportunities, there is a lack of qualified graduates to take these opportunities. Increasing the participation in STEM education has the potential to address this issue. Furthermore, through increasing the ethnic and gender diversity of STEM qualified graduated not only has the potential to increase participation in STEM careers, but also assist in increasing product and service variety.In this discussion the authors present a proposed method for implementing a game development summer camp to form positive perceptions about computer science and STEM.
Reformation and the apocalypse of secularism

The article is devoted to the conceptualization of Reformation and secularism in their correlation. The emphasis is made not as much on the historical or theological reading of the post-reform history of the secular world, but more so on the metahistorical and apocalyptic. A distinction is made between the secular apocalypse and the apocalypse of secularism. Secular apocalypse can be understood as the revelation of a person about himself, a revelation of suicide and dystopia. The apocalypse of secularism sets a very wide framework, returns secularity to the history of God’s revelation, in which there is a place for both death and resurrection. The author comes to the conclusion that secularism was a necessary, although a transitional stage in the history of relations between church and society; and in this sense, it can be referred to as the “unintended Reformation,” which for Christians appeared to be not as much as an elaborate plan but as an amazing revelation.
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background:There is an association between throwing activity and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). An 18° to 20° deficit has been adopted as the standard definition of pathological GIR...
Why New Technology is More Problematic than Old Technology

As the essays in this volume show, the availability or the likelihood of new biomedical technology raises moral issues of costs and of control. As a number of the essays also indicate, there are reasons to believe that the costs (financial and moral) may be greater in the case of the development of new technologies than with the use of those already at hand. These costs are especially troubling when set in the context of the competition for scarce resources, and the special needs of the Third World for population control, the treatment of indigenous diseases, and the provision of sufficient food for its populations.
Turbo Equalization in Fiber-Optics Communication Systems

In order to adapt to the ever-increasing demands of telecommunication needs, the network operators already consider 100 Gb/s per dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channel transmission. At those data rates, the performance of fiber-optic communication systems is degraded significantly due to intra- and interchannel fiber nonlinearities, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and chromatic dispersion [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. In order to mitigate the signal distortions at ultra-high bit rates, some new technologies have been proposed and deployed in optical systems, and they represent a distinctive new trend in optical fiber communications. These new technologies include digital signal processing (DSP)-aided optical channel equalization, digital coherent receiving, multilevel modulations and optical polarization multiplexing (or optical multiple-input multiple-output technologies) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. To deal with chromatic dispersion and PMD a number of channel equalization techniques have been proposed recently including digital-filtering approach [1] and maximum likelihood sequence detection/estimation (MLSD/E) [2]. To simultaneously suppress chromatic dispersion and PMD, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed [4, 5]. On the other hand, to deal with intrachannel nonlinearities someone may use either constrained coding [6].
Lost in Translation: A Reply to Shyman (2016)

Abstract A recently published article sought to determine the extent to which behaviorism and humanism can be reconciled (Shyman, 2016). However, the “current” conceptions of behaviorism and applied behavior analysis (ABA) used for the analysis were based on mischaracterizations, rendering moot many of the points made. Nevertheless, Shyman (2016) highlighted a very important question we believe all helping professionals should attend to: Should normalization be the focus of therapeutic goals? This response article was written to provide readers of this journal an accurate representation of behaviorism and ABA. We have also offered an alternative approach to answering the question of normalization that uses a behavior-by-behavior approach and individual client values as the deciding factors.
Asthma-related mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2015: A multiple causes of death analysis.

Abstract Background Asthma mortality based on the underlying cause of death (UCOD) underestimates disease burden. Objective To analyze asthma mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2015 and the pattern of reporting of asthma and its comorbidities in death certificates, using multiple cause of death (MCOD) records. Methods All 156,517 death certificates with any mention of asthma were analyzed for 1999 to 2015. Asthma was defined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code J45 based on the UCOD or MCOD. Annual age-adjusted asthma death rates were computed according to age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The 6,304 MCOD coded status asthmaticus cases (J46) were also examined. Results From 1999 to 2015 a total of 59,067 deaths with a UCOD of asthma occurred; 37,832 deaths occurred in females and 21,235 in males (female-male ratio = 1.78). A total of 156,517 deaths with MCOD of asthma occurred; 101,371 deaths occurred in females and 55,146 in males (female-male ratio = 1.83). Hence, 37.7% of deaths with any mention of asthma had asthma as the UCOD (37.3% in females and 38.45% in males). Of these deaths, 41.7% occurred in non-Hispanic blacks and 36% in non-Hispanic whites. Between 1999 and 2015, age-adjusted MCOD death rates changed as follows: 38.1% in Hispanic white females, 34.1% in non-Hispanic black females, 15.1% in non-Hispanic white females, 28.5% in Hispanic white males, 21.3% in non-Hispanic black males, and 25.0% in non-Hispanic white males. Non-Hispanic black females and males had the highest MCOD and UCOD rates throughout the period. Conclusion Among deaths with any mention of asthma, asthma was chosen as the UCOD most often in non-Hispanic black males and least often in non-Hispanic white females. Age-adjusted MCOD rates decreased most in non-Hispanic white males and least in non-Hispanic white females.
The effects of personality and aging attitudes on well-being in different life domains.

Personality plays a major role in determining the way people adjust to life experiences, ultimately affecting life satisfaction. Aging attitudes also impact well-being, but there is little research...
Predicting fatigue crack initiation from coupled microstructure and corrosion morphology effects

Abstract The onset of fatigue crack initiation is driven by the microstructure and the corrosion morphology; however, these mechanisms are rarely studied synergistically. In this work, characterizations of the microstructural features and the corrosion morphology resulting from two different environmental exposures are instantiated into crystal plasticity models. Fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) are calculated from the micromechanical fields to quantify failure. The FIPs compare favorably to predict the experimentally observed location of fatigue crack initiation. These results show the potential behind analyzing environmentally-assisted fatigue crack initiation from a multivariable perspective.
A real-world analysis of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum.

53Background: Pembrolizumab (Pembro) is used in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSQ NSCLC) as monotherapy and in combination with pemetrexe...
Chapter 3 – Multicore Architectures

This chapter will introduce the concepts of multicore related issues, while the subsequent chapters will go into further details. We will start with a general analysis of how electronic design trends lead to multicore hardware-software architectures as the only viable solution addressing consumer requirements on cost, performance and power. We will then categorize multicore architecture concepts by processing and communication requirements and show how different processing techniques combine to form multicore architectures that address the specific needs of different application domains. Special attention will be given to the programmability of the different hardware architectures and the impact that hardware has on software. We will close the chapter with a brief review of existing hardware architectures available on the market, as well as a brief discussion about programming models capable of expressing parallel functionality, which can then be mapped into multiple processor cores.
Modulation of Grasp Parameters using Arbitrary Cues about Object Property in Older Adults

Dexterous manipulation may be guided by explicit information about object property. Such a manipulation requires fine modulation of digit position and forces using explicit cues. Young adults can form arbitrary cue-object property associations for accurate modulation of digit position and forces. Aging, in contrast, might alter this conditional learning. Older adults are impaired in accurately modulating their digit forces using explicit cues about object property. However, it is not known whether older adults can use explicit cues about object property to modulate digit position. In this study, we instructed ten healthy older and ten young adults to learn a manipulation task using arbitrary color cues about object center of mass location. Subjects were required to exert clockwise, counterclockwise, or no torque on the object according to the color cue and lift the object while minimizing its tilt across sixty trials. Older adults produced larger torque error during the conditional learning trials than young adults. This resulted in a significantly slower rate of learning in older adults. Older, but not young adults, failed to modulate their digit position and forces using the color cues. Similar aging-related differences were not observed while learning the task using implicit knowledge about object property. Our findings suggest that aging impairs the ability to use explicit cues about object property to modulate both digit position and forces for dexterous manipulation. We discuss our findings in relation to age-related changes in the processes and the neural network for conditional learning.
#cloud2class: The disruption and reorganization of educational resources with social media

This article provides an overview of the state of research on social media and education in the twenty-first century. We begin with a synthesis of recent literature reviews to provide context for t...
Epsilon-near-zero Al-doped ZnO for ultrafast switching at telecom wavelengths

Transparent conducting oxides have recently gained great attention as CMOS-compatible materials for applications in nanophotonics due to their low optical loss, metal-like behavior, versatile/tailorable optical properties, and established fabrication procedures. In particular, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) is very attractive because its dielectric permittivity can be engineered over a broad range in the near-IR and IR. However, despite all these beneficial features, the slow (>100 ps) electron-hole recombination time typical of these compounds still represents a fundamental limitation impeding ultrafast optical modulation. Here we report the first epsilon-near-zero AZO thin films that simultaneously exhibit ultrafast carrier dynamics (excitation and recombination time below 1 ps) and an outstanding reflectance modulation up to 40% for very low pump fluence levels (<4 mJ/cm2) at a telecom wavelength of 1.3 μm. The unique properties of the demonstrated AZO thin films are the result of a low-temperature fabrication procedure promoting deep-level defects within the film and an ultrahigh carrier concentration.
Adaptation and Adverse Selection in Markets for Natural Disaster Insurance

This paper studies social welfare in markets for natural disaster insurance. I quantify frictions in uptake, test for adverse selection, and estimate the welfare effects of proposed policy reforms by developing a model of natural disaster insurance markets and compiling new data. The paper has three main findings. First, willingness to pay for natural disaster insurance is remarkably low. In the high-risk flood zones throughout all U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coast states, fewer than 60% of homeowners purchase flood insurance even though subsidized premia are only two-thirds of their own expected payouts. Second, homeowners select into insurance based on observable differences in houses' defensive investments against natural disasters (i.e., adaptation), but not on private information about risk. Exploiting house-level variation in flood insurance prices and construction codes reveals that requirements to elevate newly constructed homes reduce insurer costs by 31% and insurance demand by 25%. Asymmetric information between homeowners and insurers, however, does not affect average payouts. Third, ignoring how frictions, such as risk misperception, distort demand understates the welfare cost of currently proposed price increases and changes the sign of the predicted welfare effect. In the presence of such frictions, enforcing a natural disaster insurance mandate increases social welfare.
Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Lane-Change Maneuvers using the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study Data

Accurate lane-change prediction information in real time is essential to safely operate Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) on the roadways, especially at the early stage of AVs deployment, where there will ...
Implementing Automated Nonparametric Statistical Analysis on Functional Analysis Data: A Guide for Practitioners and Researchers

Functional analysis (FA) is an integral component of behavioral assessment and treatment given that clinicians design behavioral treatments based on FA results. Unfortunately, the interrater reliability of FA data interpretation by visual analysis can be inconsistent, potentially leading to ineffective treatment implementation. Hall et al. (2020) recently developed automated nonparametric statistical analysis (ANSA) to facilitate the interpretation of FA data and Kranak et al. (2021) subsequently extended and validated ANSA by applying it to unpublished clinical data. The results of both Hall et al. and Kranak et al. support ANSA as an emerging statistical supplement for interpreting FA data. In the present article, we show how ANSA can be applied to interpret FA data collected in clinical settings in multielement and pairwise designs. We provide a detailed overview of the calculations involved, how to use ANSA in practice, and recommendations for its implementation. A free web-based application is available at https://ansa.shinyapps.io/ansa/ .
Fractal Geometry of Percolation in Thin Gold Films

Transmission electron micrographs of thin evaporated gold films with thickness varying from 6 to 10 nm were analyzed by computer. The films cover the range from electrically insulating to conducting and thus span the 2D percolation threshold. The film geometry is interpreted in terms of both the scaling theory of percolation and Mandelbrot’s fractal geometry. We find that Au-Au and Au-substrate interactions set a small scale correlation length of order 20nm. Small clusters are dominated by these effects and have simple almost-circular shapes. At larger scales, however, the irregular connected clusters are ramified with a perimeter linearly proportional to area. Near the percolation threshold the large scale power-law correlations and area distributions are consistent with the scaling theory of 2nd order phase transitions. The collection of all clusters forms a fractal distribution with D=2 while the largest cluster has D = 2−β/v ≃ 1.9. Many of the usual analytic scaling relations between universal exponents are shown to have fractal geometric basis.
Avena phytochrome mRNA: in vivo localization, degradation products, and half-life

In 4-day-old dark grown oat seedlings, the majority of the etiolated phytochrome fphvÂ mRNA was found within 10 mm of the tip of the coleoptile sheath and in the mesocotyl node. Almost no phvA mRNA was detected in the enclosed primary leaf. In contrast, chlorophyll a/b binding protein (cab) mRNAs were found almost exclusively in the enclosed primary leaf and were barely detectable in the coleoptile sheath or mesocotyl node from red-light treated etiolated seedlings. Separated, darkgrown primary leaves responded to a red light treatment by increasing cab mRNA abundance in the absence of the coleoptile sheath or mesocotyl node tissues. Keywords; Avena. chlorophyll a/b binding protein, light regulation, mRNA localization, phytochrome.
Combination chemotherapy of advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma with adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and medroxyprogesterone acetate.

7 patients with advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma were treated with combination chemotherapy. Results of the treatment are reported. All 7 had previously been treated unsuccessfully with pelvic irradiation and/or surgery. The treatment consisted of a divided dose schedule of adriamycin cyclophosphamide 5-fluorouracil and medroxyprogesterone acetate. The divided dose schedule was used to limit nausea and vomiting to offer an easy outpatient schedule and to achieve flexibility in dose adjustment. All 7 achieved tumor regression. Each patient experienced profound leukopenia. The results of this study indicate that this therapy can achieve regression of advanced endometrial cancer in at least 50% of treated cases. This cytotoxic combination of drugs is considered to be quite successful given the fact that intraabdominal disease has historically proven more resistant than pulmonary metastases to single cytotoxic drugs or hormones.
GPS-based monitoring of surface deformation associated with CO2 injection at an enhanced oil recovery site

Abstract High precision GPS measurements have been used to measure surface deformation associated with CO 2 injection at an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) field in South Texas. We describe a filtering procedure to reduce noise associated with seasonal hydrologic effects, achieving post-filter precisions of better than 2 mm and 3 mm in horizontal and vertical components respectively. A model assuming uniform pressurization of a thin horizontal disc-shaped pressure source in an elastic half-space fits the surface deformation data quite well. The model predicts a location of the pressurized source consistent with injection locations, and suggests minimal horizontal migration of the CO 2 fluid during the test period. Our results suggest that a sparse network of dual frequency GPS receivers can be used to augment sub-surface data for monitoring, verification and accounting (MVA) activities associated with carbon capture, utilization and storage, deriving independent constraints on pressure changes in the reservoir at depth as well as CO 2 plume migration.
Physiological and Toxicological Actions of Nitric Oxide in the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary Nitric Oxide (NO) has clearly revolutionized research about aspects of neurotransmission and neuronal signaling. It has also radically altered studies about how synaptic transmission takes place. NO is emerging as an important regulator of a variety of physiological processes; however, under certain conditions of excessive formation, NO is emerging as an important mediator of pathological nervous tissue damage. The role for NO in the S-nitrosylation of many proteins is becoming well established. In the central nervous system nitrosylation of the NMDA receptor by NO inactivates it and may physiologically modulate glutaminergic neurotransmission. NO also stimulates the apparent auto-ADP-ribosylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Studies of NO function in the central nervous system in intact animals are confounded by inhibition of eNOS, resulting in hypertension and decreased cerebral blood flow. Even in the few studies that rigorously evaluate and control for changes in blood flow, results may be confounded by a potential interaction of arginine analogs with arginine-dependent cellular processes. Understanding the role of NO in these processes will hopefully lead to the development of selective therapeutic agents and to a better understanding of basic processes underlying normal and pathological neuronal functions.
Sandwich immunoassay for measurement of human hepatic lipase.

Publisher Summary Hepatic triglyceride lipase (HL; triacylglycerol kinase, EC 3.1.1.3) is an essential enzyme for the metabolism of intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Overexpression of human HL, in transgenic rabbits, decreases plasma total cholesterol by approximately 50%. In humans, HL deficiency results in elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, with increased concentrations of IDL and large HDL. Liver perfusion studies suggest that HL enhances the initial uptake of chylomicrons by rat liver. These findings demonstrate that HL plays a major role in the catabolism and uptake of plasma lipoproteins. Quantitative measurements of HL catalytic activity, in human postheparin plasma, are complicated, by the presence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is also released by heparin injections. Another confounding factor is the presence of variable amounts of plasma triglyceride that can compete with labeled substrates used in triglyceride lipase determinations. Methods for the measurement of HL and LPL activities are based on the partial purification and separation of these enzymes on small heparin-Sepharose columns or in the use of specific antibodies inhibiting HL catalytic activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of HL in human or rat plasma have been described in this chapter and are much more sensitive than measurements based on the catalytic activity. In this chapter, a sandwich ELISA for human HL is outlined. It is based on the use of two monoclonal antibodies against human HL. It is sensitive and repeatable and can detect HL even in pre-heparin plasma.
A Generation Ahead of Microprocessor: Where Software Can Drive uArchitecture To?

The presentation will start with introduction of Microprocessor Technology Labs at Intel to show the Intel’s efforts in the uArchitecture and system software research areas. As all of you know, Moore’s law successfully leads Intel microprocessor business in decades. Transistor densities will continue to increase. However, device speed scaling will not follow historical trends and leakage power remains an issue. Meanwhile, new usage models and workloads will continue to demand greater performance. We can’t run business as usual. We need to develop uArchitecture features more effectively with power constraints. Software in both applications and systems will play more and more important roles in uArchitecture research and microprocessor design. Emerging applications like mining, recognition and synthesis (MRS) will become the next generation dominated applications. Study of the characterizations of these applications is significant for the next generation of microprocessor design. System software has been changing its landscape as well. There are challenges and opportunities for microprocessor designers and researchers to explore new uArchitecture features to meet the needs of the new application and system software. The presentation will show the potential direction of uArchitecture for such emerging applications also. The talk will discuss the emerging paradigms of programming systems and its impact to uArchitecture design by giving couple examples of how compilation technologies enable HW design.
Diagnosis of reconfigurable two-dimensional arrays using a scan approach

This paper presents a new approach for diagnosing (detection and location) reconfigurable two-dimensional arrays. The proposed approach utilizes the augmented switching interconnection network (commonly found in reconfigurable arrays) as multiple parallel scan chains, such that controllability and observability of test vectors can be achieved for each cell. Arrays with homogeneous and nonhomogeneous cells (multipipeline) are analyzed. An example of the application of the proposed approach to an existing array architecture for image processing, is presented. >
TRIAL BY FURY: EXPERIENCES IN THE PUBLICATION OF A MICROJOURNAL

The paper relates the author's experiences in editing and publishing a journal in microfiche, devoted to the future of bibliographic control and related issues. The use of a micro format was dictated by financial considemtions, but it offers additional advantages of speed and flexibility. The first year of publication has provided its editor, a librarian, with a revealing look at journal distribution from the publisher's point of view.
Estimation of pedestrian level UV exposure under trees

Trees influence the amount of solar UV radiation that reaches pedestrians. A three-dimensional model was developed to predict the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiance fields in open-tree canopies where the spacing between trees is equal to or greater than the width of individual tree crowns. The model predicted the relative irradiance (fraction of above-canopy irradiance) under both sunlit and shaded conditions under clear skies with a mean bias error of less than 0.01 and a root mean square error of 0.07. Both model and measurements showed that the locations people typically perceive as shady, low-irradiance locations in the environment can actually have significant UV-B exposure (40-60% of that under direct sunlight). The relationship of tree cover in residential neighborhoods to erythemal UV-B exposure for children and adults was modeled for the 4 h around noon in June and July. Results showed that human exposures (on the horizontal) in cities located at 15 and 30 degrees latitudes are nearly identical. For latitudes between 15 and 60 degrees, ultraviolet protection factors (UPF) were less than 2 for less than 50% tree cover. A UPF of 10 was possible at all latitudes for tree cover of 90%.
The effects of undervoltage on the performance of compact fluorescent systems

A research program for studying the economic aspects and the lighting and electrical performance of a wide range of different compact fluorescent (CF) systems under a range of operating conditions, including reduced supply voltage, is described. The program involves the participation of national lighting research and electrical metrology laboratories in Canada, the US, and abroad. The authors report some of the results from this program. They describe the lighting and electrical performance of eleven different types of CP systems operating at 100, 110, and 120 VAC. Performance parameters include relative luminous efficacy, active and apparent power consumption, harmonic distortion, power factor, and flicker index. Economic analysis of the operation of the CF systems at 120 V is also provided. >
The role of pulsatile cold compression in edema resolution following ankle fractures: a randomized clinical trial.

Twenty-four patients with displaced ankle fractures awaiting surgery were randomized to a study (n = 11) or a control group (n = 13). In the study group, patients had a pulsatile cold compression (...
Flagella Formation by Myxamoebae of the True Slime Mold. Didymium nigripes

SYNOPSIS. For development of flagella by myxamoebae of the true slime mold, Didymium nigripes, optimal results were obtained when they were incubated in 0.05 M NaHCOa (pH 9.1). Streptomycin inhibited flagella formation in pH 6.2 phosphate buffer but had no effect in NaHC03. The time necessary for 50% of the population of myxamoebae to become flagellated was independent of the concentration of myxamoebae; hence, the morphogenesis probably follows first-order kinetics. The acquisition of flagella was divisible into 4 stages by means of time-lapse cinephotomicroscopy: an ameboid stage, a stage of morphogenesis, an ameboid-flagellate stage, and a free-swimming flagellate stage. At least 90% of the population developed flagella within 60 min. under optimal conditions. The flagellar apparatus consists of a long and a short flagellum, each arising from a granule in the blepharo-plast. The blepharoplast is connected to the nucleus by a rhizoplast.
Stimulation frequency alters the inotropic response of atrial muscle to BAY K-8644.

Abstract The inotropic and chronotropic effects of BAY K-8644 were examined in isolated guinea pig atria. The compound increased both rate and contractile force. Sensitivity to the inotropic effect was enhanced by increasing stimulation frequency between 0.5 and 3.3 Hz. The maximum developed tension elicited by the agent was reduced at 3.3 Hz. At BAY K-8644 concentrations up of to 3 × 10 −5 M, no dysrhythmic effects or other toxic signs such as an increase in resting tension were observed. These results are consistent with the suggestion that BAY K-8644 acts as a partial ‘calcium agonist’.
The effect of L-dopa and an inhibitor of peripheral decarboxylation on glucose metabolism in brain.

Abstract– The effect of the administration of l-DOPA plus an inhibitor of peripheral l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (aromatic-l-amino-acid carboxy-lyase; EC 4.1.1.28) on the metabolism of glucose in brain was studied by administering [U-I4C]glucose (20μCi) to three groups of rats: (1) rats that had been injected with l-DOPA (200mg/kg) 28min earlier; (2) rats that had been similarly injected with l-DOPA and also with N-(d,l-seryl)-N′-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)hydrazine (50 mg/kg), an inhibitor of l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, 30min before the l-DOPA; and (3) appropriate controls. The flux of 14C from glucose in plasma to those amino acids that are in equilibrium with the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was reduced by treatment with l-DOPA and reduced further by treatment with l-DOPA and the decarboxylase inhibitor. Concentrations of glucose in brain and in plasma were increased after treatment with l-DOPA; these increases were attenuated if the inhibitor was given before the l-DOPA. After treatment with l-DOPA, there were decreases in the concentration of aspartate, tryptophan, and tyrosine in brain. After the administration of l-DOPA and the decarboxylase inhibitor, the concentrations in brain of alanine, glutamate, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were greater, and the concentrations of aspartate, leucine, lysine, histidine, arginine, and tryptophan were less than in control rats.
3D Porous Chitosan–Alginate Scaffolds: A New Matrix for Studying Prostate Cancer Cell–Lymphocyte Interactions In Vitro

The treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains palliative. Immunotherapy offers a potentially effective therapy for CRPC; however, its advancement into the clinic has been slow, in part because of the lack of representative in vitro tumor models that resemble the in vivo tumor microenvironment for studying interactions of CRPC cells with immune cells and other potential therapeutics. This study evaluates the use of 3D porous chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds for culturing human prostate cancer (PCa) cells and studying tumor cell interaction with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) ex vivo. CA scaffolds and Matrigel matrix samples supported in vitro tumor spheroid formation over 15 days of culture, and CA scaffolds supported live cell fluorescence imaging with confocal microscopy using stably transfected PCa cells for 55 days. PCa cells grown in Matrigel matrix and CA scaffolds for 15 days were co-cultured with PBLs for 2 and 6 days in vitro and evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry. Both the Matrigel matrix and CA scaffolds supported interaction of PBLs with PCa tumors, with CA scaffolds providing a more robust platform for subsequent analyses. This study demonstrates the use of 3D natural polymer scaffolds as a tissue culture model for supporting long-term analysis of interaction of prostate cancer tumor cells with immune cells, providing an in vitro platform for rapid immunotherapy development.
The effects of acute and chronic inanition upon the development and structure of the testis in the albino rat

University of Minnesota Masters thesis. May 1920. Major: Anatomy. Advisor: Dr. C. M. Jackson. 1 computer file (PDF); 51 pages.
Skin manifestations of HIV-1 infection in children

Abstract The manifestations of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients are dependent upon the nature and severity of the patients' immunologic defects. AIDS patients have, primarily, a cell-mediated immunodeficiency and are subsequently at increased risk for developing fungal infections. Fungal infections can be divided into two categories: superficial and systemic.
Research summary for dynamic detection of program invariants

Explicitly stated program invariants can help programmers by identifying program properties that must be preserved when modifying code; invariants also play a number of other valuable roles in program development and evolution. In practice, however, these invariants are usually implicit. An alternative to expecting programmers to fully annotate code with invariants is to automatically infer invariants from the program itself. This research aims to develop and evaluate dynamic techniques for discovering invariants from execution traces. Our hypothesis is that such techniques are effective at extracting invariants from programs and that the extracted invariants are useful to programmers. Experiments with our prototype implementation provide preliminary support for this hypothesis.
Microfabricated iron oxide particles for tunable, multispectral magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Recently, a novel class of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents developed using top-down microfabrication approaches has been reported. To realize the full capacity of this potentially paradigm-shifting approach to MRI contrast agent design, the integration of biocompatible materials with tunable magnetic properties was sought. To this end, deposition techniques yielding iron oxide thin films with a large range of readily tunable saturation magnetic polarization were developed using reactive sputtering under various conditions. Following the characterization of their chemical compositions and crystalline structures, the iron oxide thin films were subsequently utilized in the fabrication of size and shape specific magnetic double-disk microparticles, yielding the advantages of this new class of MRI contrast agents, including multiplexing capability, diffusion-driven signal amplification, and functional imaging capacity. The integration of iron oxides into this class of fabricated contrast agents offers several distinct advantages, including biocompatibility and the additional degree of freedom in the design of these agents achieved by the tunability of the iron oxide thin film magnetism, both of which are critical features in further optimizing these agents.
Optimus: SINR-Driven Spectrum Distribution via Constraint Transformation

How to distribute radio spectrum across network nodes is a critical problem in spectrum auctions and management. In this paper, we consider the problem of distributing spectrum using SINR-driven physical interference models. We propose Optimus, a new line of approximation algorithms that perform within a constant distance of min {2^α + 1, 10} from the optimum in terms of spectrum usage efficiency, where α ≥ 2 is the pathloss exponent. Different from conventional greedy solutions, Optimus applies a global optimization mechanism that transforms the spatial interference constraints into a set of linear constraints, reducing the original optimization into a linear/convex/separableprogramming problem. While linearization techniques have been applied in prior works, Optimus makes a new and important contribution by deriving a highly efficient constraint transformation applicable to general network configurations. Experiments using real network measurements and sophisticated propagation models show that Optimus outperforms existing solutions by 20-50% in spectrum utilization and is within 20% gap from the optimum. Optimus supports a wide variety of objective functions, and is applicable to many spectrum-driven applications such as spectrum auctions and spectrum admission control.
Systemic inflammatory response to coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Purpose. Several aspects of the systemic inflammatory response to coronary artery bypass graft surgery are described. Summary. The inflammatory response is a fundamental biological protective mechanism that gathers together the body’s cellular and chemical defense mechanisms at the local site of tissue injury. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome refers to a systemic, whole body, non-localized response. This response, which occurs to some degree in most patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, has the potential to affect all tissues and vital organs. When blood interacts with the cardiopulmonary bypass machine, several cellular and humoral pathways are activated including the complement system, the coagulation system, and the fibrinolytic system. These, in turn, activate inflammatory response cells, such as leukocytes and platelets. Together these molecular pathways and activated cells mediate the frequently observed clinical sequelae such as edema, tissue and organ damage, and hyperfibrinolysis. In order for a molecule drug to attenuate effectively this response, it would need to have a broad enough spectrum of activity to inhibit multiple pathways and to limit their cross-amplification. Aprotinin, a nonspecific serine protease, is an important attenuator of this response as it inhibits several important serine proteases, including kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin, and elastase, which are involved in fibrinolysis and cell transmigration and degranulation into soft tissues. Conclusion. Treatment with aprotinin during coronary artery bypass graft surgery should be considered as a way to attenuate bleeding and systemic inflammatory responses.
Offsets and Defense Procurement in the Czech Republic: A Case Study

Abstract This study examines the issues the Czech Republic faces in implementing defense offsets. The paper will briefly outline the history of the Czech Republic's participation in offsets and its current policy towards offset practices. The Czech Republic is a NATO, as well as EU, member and therefore is obliged to follow policies implemented by these institutions. The offsets for the Gripen Program will be used to illustrate the implementation of defense procurement offsets by Czech Republic MoD under its Industrial Participation Program.
Youth co-offending networks: An investigation of social and spatial effects

Abstract This research tests the relative contribution of social distance and spatial distance to the presence of ties between neighborhoods based on youth co-offending. Using official court data from a large U.S. metropolitan area, a set of dyad independence and exponential random graph models are estimated in order to investigate the characteristics of neighborhoods that foster co-offending. Results reveal significant effects of both social and spatial distance. Social distance contributes to network structure net of spatial proximity, though spatial factors better explain the overall network structure. These results have methodological implications for the analysis of spatial effects and criminal behavior.
Construct Validation of a Modified Differentiation Index.

Abstract This study assessed the validity of Holland's differentiation construct. Three measures were hypothesized to be related to the ability to make, and ease of making, vocational decisions, and the stability of those decisions: differentiation indices, the vocational identity scale from the My Vocational Situation, and the Occupational Alternatives Question (OAQ). An alternative to the traditional method of calculating differentiation was proposed. A modified differentiation index correlated significantly with both vocational identity and OAQ scores; the traditional index did not. Results indicated that the traditional differentiation index is not a useful way of approaching the differentiation construct. The results are discussed in the context of operationalizing the differentiation construct in a way which more closely reflects its conceptual definition.
Crystal and molecular structure of (PPh3)2Pt(OSNH)2; Cis-bis(thionylimide-O)bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II)

The major product of the reaction of tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) and tetrasulfurtetranitride in acetone has been determined to be (Ph 3 P) 2 PtS 2 N 2 O 2 H 2 from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Space group P ; a = 10.082(3), b = 10.258(3), c = 17.812(6) A , α = 86.05(3)°, β = 81.02(3)°, γ = 72.45(3)°; D calc = 1.637 g cm −1 for Z = 2.