cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid shunts.

Summary The evaluation of hydrocephalic shunts is a common problem seen in emergency departments. The emergency medicine practitioner must be aware of the various types of apparatus, the functional considerations of the shunt, and the potential complications of obstruction. Shunt malfunction, either from obstruction or infection, can be life-threatening, and a reasonable approach for delineating the underlying problem and its severity is presented. Close involvement of the neurosurgeon is imperative because definitive care is almost always the purview of the consultant.
A genomics-informed study of oxalate and cellulase regulation by brown rot wood-degrading fungi.

Abstract Wood-degrading fungi that selectively remove carbohydrates (brown rot) combine Fenton-based oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis to degrade wood. These two steps are incompatible in close proximity. To explain this, brown rot fungi may stagger oxidative reactions ahead of hydrolysis, but the scale and environmental controls for such a mechanism have not been resolved in solid wood. Here, we focused on one reaction control parameter, oxalate. In coordination with Fe3+-reducing compounds (e.g., 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone), oxalate can either promote Fenton chemistry by mobilizing Fe3+ as mono-oxalates (facilitative) or inhibit Fenton chemistry (protective) by restricting reducibility and the formation of Fenton’s reagent as Fe3+/Fe2-(oxalate)2,3. Here, we sectioned wood wafers colonized directionally by Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum to map end-to-end the expression of oxalate synthesis genes and to overlay enzyme activities, metabolites, and wood modifications. Near advancing hyphal fronts, oxaloacetase expression was up upregulated for both fungi, while regulation patterns of paralogous of isocitrate lyases and glyoxylate dehydrogenases varied, suggesting different physiological roles. Oxalate decarboxylase (ODC) expression in G. trabeum was induced in more decayed wood behind the hyphal front, but was constitutively expressed in all P. placenta sections. Relative ODC activities increased and oxalate levels stabilized in more decayed wood behind the hyphal front. Endoglucanase (EG) activity, on the other hand, peaked for both fungi in later decay stages. These oxalate optimization patterns are in line with previous whole-block ‘spiking’ experiments tracking oxalate, but we provide here information on its genetic controls across a spatial gradient. As a complement, we also demonstrate in vitro the plausibility of a protective role for oxalate, to emphasize that these fungi might be optimizing oxalate at a given level to maximize Fenton reactions but to minimize oxidative damage.
Representations of the Quantized Function Algebras, 2-Categories and Zamolodchikov Tetrahedra Equation

For any complex simply connected simple Lie group G one can define a quantization \(\overline {\Bbb C} \left[ G \right]\) of the algebra ℂ[G] regular functions on G as a Hopf algebra over the ring ℂ[q,q -1] of Laurent polynomials (see [Lu]). Let t be a nonzero complex number, and let ℂt be a one-dimensional complex vector space equipped with a structure of ℂ[q,q -1]-module such that q acts as multiplication on t.
The Marvel Universe

While rival DC focused on building a media empire around the popularity of two of its signature entities, Superman and Batman, Marvel’s first dedicated foray into film production was a surprising choice. Stephen Norrington’s Blade (1998) was based on an obscure, supporting character, who first appeared in 1973 in the tenth issue of the horror comic book, The Tomb of Dracula. Since then, The Marvel Cinematic Universe has exploded with a plethora of stand-alone and “team up” films, such as Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), X-Men: First Class (2011), The Avengers (2012), Guardians of The Galaxy (2014) and many other films in a seemingly endless series of films with no end in sight.
Fibronectin Mutations in Mice

Fibronectiins (FNs) are a set of extracellular proteins found in the extracellular matrix and in blood plasma which are involved in multiple functions, including cell adhesion and migration during development, hemostasis and thrombosis, or wound healing (see Hynes, 1990 for recent review). FNs comprise several isoforms, generated by alternative splicing of a single RNA transcript. Three sites of alternative splicing have been describes: EIIIA, EIIIB, and V segments (sometimes called EDA, EDB and IIICS). EIIIA and EIIIB can be completely included or excluded, while the V segment can be partially or totally included, depending on the splice site used (Figure 1).
Putting Green Infrastructure on Private Property in New York City

New York's Department of Environmental Protection is under pressure to install large amounts of green infrastructure in order to take pressure off of the city's combined sewer system, which currently discharges raw sewage into adjacent water bodies during periods of moderate to severe precipitation. Installing enough green infrastructure to make a difference to that end (and others) means encouraging a large number of private property owners to install rain gardens and green roofs. Efforts to do that to date have fallen short. This paper discusses the city's goals for green infrastructure (and reasons for wanting it), the challenges facing efforts to spend public money on assets installed on private property, and possible sources of solutions.
Predictions and Measurements of Helium and Hydrogen in PWR Structural Components Following Neutron Irradiation and Subsequent Charged Particle Bombardment

PWR structural components built from austenitic steels accumulate large amounts of helium and hydrogen during service and it is desired to predict the concentrations of these gases not only for higher neutron exposures, but also for subsequent ion-induced extension of the damage dose. While the neutron-induced sources of helium are well-known, there is often uncertainty in the local thermal neutron fluence, which constitutes the major uncertainty for prediction of helium production. Combining earlier measurements of helium at lower dpa levels with knowledge of the 59Ni behavior we can extrapolate to higher dpa levels since the helium concentration is an excellent retrospective dosimeter of the thermal fluence. Predictions of hydrogen are more difficult, however, due to helium-nucleated cavities storing both transmutant and environmental hydrogen. Subsequent ion irradiation of neutron-irradiated material can then use double-ion and triple-ion injection to maintain the neutron-relevant gas cogeneration rates.
Optimizing LED Lighting in Controlled Environment Agriculture

Supplemental lighting is often needed in controlled environment agriculture to produce high-quality crops. The cost of the electricity needed to provide this lighting can be high. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) provide unique, new opportunities to reduce the cost of supplemental lighting. Compared to high-intensity discharge lights, and specifically high-pressure sodium lights, LEDs offer much better spectral and intensity control. Although most of the past work has focused on the effect of the light spectrum on plant growth, morphology, and physiology, there has been little work on determining the optimal light levels. The cost-effectiveness of photosynthetic lighting can be increased by assuring that the provided light is used efficiently by the crop. This requires an in-depth understanding of both the optimal spectrum for photosynthesis and photosynthetic responses to different light levels. Integrating this information into real-time control systems allows for the development of automated approaches in order to provide light in the most cost-effective manner possible.
Can support from the father of the baby buffer the adverse effects of depressive symptoms on risk of preterm birth in Black families

Background: While maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy have been linked to preterm birth (PTB; birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation), little has been reported on potential buffering factors, particularly specific to Black women who are at much higher risk. We examined the association between depressive symptoms and PTB in pregnant Black women, with father of the baby (FOB) support as a potential buffering factor. Methods: Data were obtained from the life-course influences on fetal environments study (2009–2011), a cohort of 1,410 Black women in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan (71% response rate) using maternal interviews and medical record abstraction collected during the postpartum hospitalization. The 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. The 14-item social networks in adult relations questionnaire was used to assess the mother’s relationship with the FOB. Logistic regression was used to explore the interaction between CES-D and FOB support with regard to PTB risk. We adjusted for maternal advanced age, income, education level, smoking status, hypertension, prenatal care and BMI. Results: The PTB rate in this cohort was 17.7%. Among women with FOB scale < 60 (less support), the odd ratio (OR) of PTB for women with CES-D scores ≥ 23 (severe depressive symptoms) as compared to CES-D scores < 23 (no severe depressive symptoms) was 2.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68, 3.94; p < 0.001]. Among women with FOB scores ≥ 60 (more support), the odds of PTB in women with CES-D scores ≥ 23 did not significantly differ from the odds of PTB in women with CES-D scores < 23 (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.74, 2.44; p = 0.3). After adjustment for covariates, among women with FOB scores < 60, the OR of PTB for women with CES-D scores ≥ 23 compared to < 23 was 2.79 (95% CI: 1.75, 4.45; p < 0.001). Among women with FOB scores ≥ 60, the odds of PTB in women with CES-D scores ≥ 23 was not statistically significantly different compared to the odds of PTB in women with CES-D scores < 23 (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.62, 2.35; p = 0.6). The interaction term was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Discussion/Conclusions: The adverse effect of depressive symptoms on risk of PTB may be buffered by factors such as a supportive relationship with the FOB.
Trade-off between bandwidth and efficiency in semipolar (202¯1¯) InGaN/GaN single- and multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes

InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with large modulation bandwidths are desirable for visible-light communication. Along with modulation speed, the consideration of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) under operating conditions is also important. Here, we report the modulation characteristics of semipolar (202¯1¯) InGaN/GaN (LEDs) with single-quantum well (SQW) and multiple-quantum-well (MQW) active regions grown on free-standing semipolar GaN substrates with peak internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of 0.93 and 0.73, respectively. The MQW LEDs exhibit on average about 40–80% higher modulation bandwidth, reaching 1.5 GHz at 13 kA/cm2, but about 27% lower peak IQE than the SQW LEDs. We extract the differential carrier lifetimes (DLTs), RC parasitics, and carrier escape lifetimes and discuss their role in the bandwidth and IQE characteristics. A coulomb-enhanced capture process is shown to rapidly reduce the DLT of the MQW LED at high current densities. Auger recombination is also shown to play little role in increasing the speed of the LEDs. Finally, we investigate the trade-offs between the bandwidth and efficiency and introduce the bandwidth-IQE product as a potential figure of merit for optimizing speed and efficiency in InGaN/GaN LEDs.
The Unprecedented 2016-2017 Arctic Sea Ice Growth Season: The Crucial Role of Atmospheric Rivers and Longwave Fluxes

The 2016-17 Arctic sea ice growth season (October-March) exhibited the lowest end-of-season sea ice volume and extent of any year since 1979. An analysis of MERRA2 atmospheric reanalysis data and CERES radiative flux data reveals that a record warm and moist Arctic atmosphere supported the reduced sea ice growth through two pathways. First, numerous regional episodes of increased atmospheric temperature and moisture, transported from lower latitudes, increased the cumulative energy input from downwelling longwave surface fluxes. Second, in those same episodes, the efficiency that the atmosphere cooled radiatively to space was reduced, increasing the amount of energy retained in the Arctic atmosphere and reradiated back toward the surface. Overall, the Arctic radiative cooling efficiency shows a decreasing trend since 2000. The results presented highlight the increasing importance of atmospheric forcing on sea ice variability demonstrating that episodic Arctic atmospheric rivers, regions of elevated poleward water vapor transport, and the subsequent surface energy budget response is a critical mechanism actively contributing to the evolution of Arctic sea ice.
Promoting a growth mindset in pharmacy educators and students.

Abstract Commentary Mindsets are implicit theories that influence how individuals think, act, and respond. Those with a fixed mindset tend to resist learning opportunities; those with a growth mindset embrace learning opportunities. It is important that pharmacy educators work to shift the mindsets of their students toward a growth mindset in order to promote resilience, improve personal outcomes, and enhance attitudes toward learning. Mindsets are not static, and with persistence and effort, can be modified. Implications Pharmacy educators can do much to influence the mindsets of their learners, and with purposeful effort, can help cultivate an environment that enhances a learner's growth mindset. If an educator is not deliberate, fixed mindsets can be inadvertently promoted to learners, which can result in diminished learning experiences for both student and educator. This commentary will inform pharmacy educators about mindsets and present several teaching and precepting techniques that can help promote a growth mindset among themselves and their learners.
Conditional Simulation: Practical Application for Sampling Design Optimization

Detailed spatial models generated by conditional simulation provide a powerful tool for case-specific optimization of sampling designs. The entire process of sampling, estimation, and decision can be simulated on such a model by a Monte-Carlo approach. Optimization can be based on economic functions or on decision quality constraints rather than simple minimization of estimation variance. Efficient algorithms and 32-bit desktop computers make simulation feasible for routine use. A design solution based on conditional simulation will approach the true optimum only to the degree that the simulations accurately reflect the relevant real-world characteristics. The quality of a simulation depends on a number of factors including the number of conditioning data, the accuracy of the variogram model, and the use of data transformations. The method is illustrated with two examples — one based on the well-known Walker Lake model and the other on an actual case study involving remediation of contaminated soils. For practical purposes, the method appears to be accurate, precise, and robust.
Common Orthopedic Foot Issues in the Pediatric Athlete

Pediatric sports participation is skyrocketing and in the United States, as over 2½ million children suffer sports-related injuries every year. Most pediatric sports injuries involve the lower extremity with foot injuries among the top ten most common reasons for pediatric hospital admissions. Sport-specific data outlines the importance of understanding these injuries. Fractures of the pediatric foot and ankle are number three on the list for soccer, the number one injury associated with martial arts, and the second most common injury in youth football. This chapter outlines points and offers illustrative cases of some of the most common orthopedic sports-related pediatric foot entities. These include: accessory navicular, Iselin disease, Jones fracture, Freiberg’s infraction, Sever apophysitis, tarsal coalition.
A Novel Fluorometric Method for Monitoring Virus Replication In Response to Heavy Metals

Earlier, we found with Epstein Barr virus and Type 2 Herpes simplex that copper acetate added after virus attachmment reduced significantly virion production as measured by immunofluorescence microscopy on fixed monolayers (Orsi et al 1988, Obradovic & Orsi 1990). However with similar conditions lead acetate did not modify virus replication. Our microscopy methods provided insufficient emission intensity for measuring the low levels of fluorescence associated with viral DNA formation and the early stages of virion maturation. We then devised a method based on procedures used for fixed cell visualization (Narin 1964, Brigati et al 1983). In our method, cell monolayers were infected, metal added, cells fixed and permeabilized for addition of the fluorescent probe which was then extracted and the emission intensity measured by fluorometry.
Organic solar cell by inkjet printing — An overview

In recent years, Organic solar cells became more attractive due to their flexible power devices and the potential for low-cost. Inkjet printing is a very potential manufacturing technique of Organic solar cells because of its low material usage, flexibility and large area formation. In this paper, we presented an overall review on the inkjet printing technology as well as advantages of inkjet-printing and its potential for Organic solar cells (OSCs). Here we highlighted in more details about the viability of environment-friendly and cost-effective, non-halogenated ITO-free large scale roll to roll production of the organic solar cell by inkjet printing technology. The challenges of inkjet printing like the viscosity limitations, nozzle clogging, coffee ring effect as well as dot spacing are also discussed. Lastly, some of the improvement strategies for getting the higher efficiency of the OSCs have been suggested.
A Comparison of Other Conduit Organs with the Ureter: Reaching toward a Clearer Concept of Ureteral Peristalsis

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the comparison of other conduit organs with the ureter to highlight ureteral peristalsis. The similarities between the ureter and other conduit organs deserve exploration as they offer an approach to modeling, to descriptive science, and to laboratory and surgical techniques in the development of the ideal ureteral replacement. A number of organs can be considered as a possible model for the ureter such as the vas deferens, the fallopian tubes, a muscular artery, a vein, a single-tube heart of the fish and primitive vertebrates, various segments of the gastrointestinal tract, the appendix, and the bile duct. The vas deferens has a thick muscularis like the ureter but does not show the distensibility of the ureter. Its muscularis consists of an inner, thinner, and outer, thicker longitudinal layer with powerful circular intermediary layer. The fallopian tube shows rhythmic contractions and is extremely responsive to prostaglandin; it has other pharmacologic and endocrinologic receptors in common with the ureter. The bile duct is more comparable to a urethra than to a ureter because it has no active propulsion of its own.
Reading war photographs: the 1971 India–Pakistan war in the Anglo-American press:

This article examines photographs of the 1971 India–Pakistan war published in the Anglo-American newspapers: The New York Times and The Times (London) and magazines: Life, Newsweek, Time, and The E...
Strong Coupling and Bound States in the Continuum in Hybrid Photonic-Plasmonic Structure

Strong coupling of the photonic and plasmonic modes in a hybrid structure leads to the formation of bound states in the continuum (BICs) with exceptionally high quality factors. © 2019 The Author(s)
A physical model-based method for retrieving urban land surface temperatures under cloudy conditions

Abstract Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST), due to its synoptic coverage, has been widely used for understanding surface energy and carbon fluxes at local, regional, and global scales. Despite great achievements in developing practical algorithms to estimate LSTs from thermal infrared (TIR) data, the retrieval of LSTs for overcast conditions has received much less attention. Existing techniques, such as passive microwave (PMW) approaches, surface energy balance (SEB) models, and reconstruction algorithms relying on spatial/temporal information, for estimating LSTs under cloudy skies cannot fulfill the need for a spatially and temporally consistent LST dataset. Inspired by recent advancements in physically-based urban canopy models (UCMs), this study synergistically used the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF)/UCM system and the random forest (RF) regression technique (hereafter named as WRFF) to effectively estimate LSTs under cloudy conditions. Taking the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan region as a test site, the WRF/UCM simulations (LSTs) were performed from April 28 to May 20, 2011. The MODIS LST images of the same period were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the method introduced in this study. LSTs under cloudy conditions for a partially cloudy image were retrieved using the RF model calibrated by clear-sky pixels from the same image. For a fully cloud-contaminated image, clear-sky pixels from its temporally adjacent images were used to calibrate the RF model to estimate LSTs under cloudy conditions. Results showed that the modeling system could well capture diurnal air temperature variations but tended to underestimate temperature values. The correlation coefficient between MODIS LSTs and simulated LSTs exhibited a wide range from 0.5 to 0.9 with the RMSE (root mean square error) value varying from 1.0 to 9.0 K across different land covers. The utilization of the RF regression technique for estimating LSTs under cloudy conditions from a partially cloud-contaminated LST image greatly reduced the RMSE to ~1.8 K with an improved correlation coefficient. For fully cloud-contaminated LST images, LSTs were estimated with the correlation coefficient and RMSE values of ~0.75 and ~2.0 K, respectively. Overall, the WRFF method has potential to generate a consistent and reliable LST dataset for various applications such as quantification of urban heat island intensity and vulnerability analysis of humans to vector-borne diseases. Further research should be made to examine the impact of the temporal distance between the target image and its temporally adjacent images on the performance of the proposed method.
Recognition Long Overdue

In 2007, the Tuskegee Airmen, black pilots during World War II, were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. While individuals have been recognized for such service, this was the first time a group had been honored. This article argues that the recognition, while late, was appropriate.
Non-operative management of spinal metastases: A prognostic model for failure.

Abstract Objectives To describe patient-specific characteristics associated with non-operative failure leading to surgery. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated for spinal metastases from 2005 to 2017. We deemed patients as failures if they were treated non-operatively and then received a surgical intervention within one year of starting a non-operative regimen. We used multivariable Poisson regression to identify factors associated with non-operative failure. We conducted internal validation using bootstrapping with 1000 replications. Results We identified 1205 patients with spinal metastases, of whom 834 were initially treated non-operatively and constituted the analytic sample. Of these 77 (9%) went on to have surgery within 1-year of presentation and were deemed non-operative treatment failures. We identified vertebral body collapse and/or pathologic fracture (adjusted Risk Ratio [RR] 1.75; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.11, 2.76) and neurologic signs or symptoms at presentation (RR 1.90; 95% CI 1.19, 3.03) as factors independently associated with an increased risk of non-operative failure. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio >155, a marker for inflammatory state, was also associated with an increased risk of failure (RR 2.32; 95% CI 1.15, 4.69). Failure rates among those with 0, 1, 2 or all three of these risk factors were 5%, 7%, 12% and 20%, respectively (p = 0.004). Conclusion We found that 9% of patients with spinal metastases initially treated non-operatively received surgery within 1-year of commencing care. The likelihood of surgery increased with the number of risk factors. These results can be used in counseling and shared decision making at the time of initial presentation.
Besov class via heat semigroup on Dirichlet spaces I: Sobolev type inequalities

Abstract We introduce heat semigroup-based Besov classes in the general framework of Dirichlet spaces. General properties of those classes are studied and quantitative regularization estimates for the heat semigroup in this scale of spaces are obtained. As a highlight of the paper, we obtain a far reaching L p -analogue, p ≥ 1 , of the Sobolev inequality that was proved for p = 2 by N. Varopoulos under the assumption of ultracontractivity for the heat semigroup. The case p = 1 is of special interest since it yields isoperimetric type inequalities.
Influence of maternal ethnic–racial identity on children’s internalizing symptom trajectories:

We investigate the impact of maternal ethnic–racial identity on child internalizing trajectories in immigrant and U.S.-born Latinx families. Data from N=1,076 Latinx mothers’ reports at child ages ...
EFFECT OF RACE ON THROMBOTIC RISK IN CAD PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

A higher prevalence of myocardial infarction and revascularization has been observed among African American (AA) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There disparity in outcomes amongst AA could be biologically
THE X-RAY POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY FUNCTION AND BLACK HOLE MASS ESTIMATE FOR THE SEYFERT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS IC 4329a

We present the X-ray broadband power spectral density function (PSD) of the X-ray-luminous Seyfert IC 4329a, constructed from light curves obtained via Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer monitoring and an XMM-Newton observation. Modeling the 3-10 keV PSD using a broken power-law PSD shape, a break in power-law slope is significantly detected at a temporal frequency of 2.5+2.5 –1.7 × 10–6 Hz, which corresponds to a PSD break timescale T b of 4.6+10.1 –2.3 days. Using the relation between T b, black hole mass M BH, and bolometric luminosity as quantified by McHardy and coworkers, we infer a black hole mass estimate of M BH = 1.3+1.0 –0.3 × 108 M ☉ and an accretion rate relative to Eddington of 0.21+0.06 –0.10 for this source. Our estimate of M BH is consistent with other estimates, including that derived by the relation between M BH and stellar velocity dispersion. We also present PSDs for the 10-20 and 20-40 keV bands; they lack sufficient temporal frequency coverage to reveal a significant break, but are consistent with the same PSD shape and break frequency as in the 3-10 keV band.
Ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in an oncology patient with etonogestrel implant in place.

To describe a case of a young woman who presented for fertility preservation and underwent ovarian stimulation with an etonogestrel implant in place. A 24-year old, gravida 0, with an etonogestrel implant and newly diagnosed lower extremity sarcoma and DVT desiring oocyte cryopreservation prior to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. To avoid delay in her oncologic care and allow for continued use of contraception post-retrieval, the patient underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) without removal of the etonogestrel implant. Baseline labs included follicle-stimulating hormone 9 mIU/mL, luteinizing hormone 4.9 mIU/mL, estradiol 42 pg/mL, anti-Mullerian hormone 5.1 ng/mL, and antral follicle count greater than 40. The patient was placed on an antagonist protocol and stimulated with 125 IU Gonal-F and 75 IU Menopur. She received a total of 12 days of gonadotropin stimulation. On the day of trigger, her estradiol was 1472 pg/mL, lead follicle 21.5 mm with a total of 25 follicles measured > 12 mm. She was triggered with 5000 U hCG. She had a total of 23 oocytes retrieved, 17 of which were metaphase II and vitrified. COH and successful oocyte cryopreservation can be achieved in patients with an etonogestrel implant in situ without apparent detrimental effects to oocyte yield or maturity. Due to the etonogestrel implant’s inhibitory effects on LH, it is recommended to use an hCG trigger for final oocyte maturation.
Period poverty and mental health implications among college-aged women in the United States

The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of “period poverty,” or not being able to afford sanitary products, among university students, and associations with poor mental health. An online survey was conducted with a nationally-drawn sample (N = 471) of college-attending women to assess the association between period poverty and depression. Period poverty was measured via two questions designed for this study; depression was measured with the standard PHQ-9. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized for analysis. Among our sample, 14.2% of women had experienced period poverty ever in the past-year; an additional 10% experienced it every month. Compared to those who had never experienced period poverty, adjusted analysis revealed that women with monthly past-year period poverty were the most likely to report moderate/severe depression (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.09–4.99), followed by those who had experienced it ever in the past year (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI, 0.99–3.38). Many young women cannot afford menstrual health products to meet their monthly needs, and this may impact their mental well-being. Improved access to affordable menstrual products is needed to support these young women.
Measuring Employment Impact: Applications and Cases

Applying the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative’s employment impact methodology, on eight leading companies, we document wide variability in employment impacts as a percentage of salaries paid, ranging between 59 and 80 percent. We identify opportunities for improvement and discuss transition plans for companies to create more positive employment impact. We conclude with a call for disclosure of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEO-1 reports, paid leave, childcare and healthcare benefits, which would greatly facilitate the comparable and reliable measurement of employment impact in the future.
Early outcomes of a modern cemented total knee arthroplasty : is tibial loosening a concern?

Aims Recent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs have featured more anatomical morphologies and shorter tibial keels. However, several reports have raised concerns about the impact of these modifi...
Generating Interest in the Commercial Cafeteria Segment

(1994). Generating Interest in the Commercial Cafeteria Segment. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 65-66.
Arab Revolutions: Breaking Fear| The Cultural Logic of Visibility in the Arab Uprisings

The events of the Arab uprisings reveal a new tension in the relationship between media and space. This article situates iconic moments of the uprisings, such as large groups of people gathered inTahrir SquareinEgypt, by examining how they depend on tactics of disinformation, secrecy, and concealment. It compares two examples—footage from the Qasr Al Nil Bridge in Cairo at the beginning of the January 2011 uprising and the politics of anonymity in the case of the outing of Syrian activist Malath Al Aumran—to situate the stakes of public visibility in regimes of spatial control as they intersect with new modes of visual circulation. The article draws conclusions about our understanding of how media structured these events.
Towards service coalitions: coordinating the commitments in a workflow

Web services are functionalities that can be engaged over the Internet. A workflow is a set of Web services that are executed by carrying out specified control and data flows among these services to address some business needs. We believe that commitments among agents can be used to model a workflow and coordinate several self-interested parties to execute a workflow. This paper presents a methodology to infer commitments and causal relationships from a workflow by utilizing semantic descriptions of Web services. We provide an example scenario to show how commitments of a workflow can be inferred. In addition, we use the Petri net representation of a workflow to describe our algorithm. With this technology, agents (service requestors and providers) engaged in a workflow can negotiate with multiple agents to reach favorable agreements and then coordinate their behaviors through the commitment operations in the context of service-oriented environment, where one or more self-interested parties can provide services to one or more other parties.
Image based predictive display for tele-manipulation

Presents an image based method for generating predicted immediate operator visual feedback in a robot tele-manipulation system where the real feedback is delayed. No a priori modeling or calibration is needed. The image model is generated from the real images with techniques similar to image compression. The visual-motor calibration is estimated online from the delayed real visual and robot controller feedback. Experiments with a Utah/MIT robot hand and a PUMA robot arm are shown.
Targeting Glucocerebrosidase to Macrophages for Effective Treatment of Patients with Gaucher Disease: Setting the Paradigm of a “Fit for Purpose” Approach to Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Following the discovery that insufficient activity of glucocerebrosidase was the metabolic defect in Gaucher disease, attention was directed to the possibility that the health of patients might be improved by the administration of purified exogenous enzyme. Glucocerebrosidase for this investigation was originally obtained from human placental tissue. Intravenous administration of this enzyme to patients with Gaucher disease reduced the amount of accumulated glucocerebroside in the liver and circulation. Enzyme subsequently obtained by a large-scale purification procedure required modification of its glycoform for the successful treatment of patients with Gaucher disease. The steps involved in this endeavor and benefit of appropriately modified glucocerebrosidase for patients with Gaucher disease are chronicled.
Thyroid Function of Mono- and Dizygous Cattle Twins

Summary Several indices of thyroid function were evaluated at various times of the year in three sets of cattle twins, of which two were classified as monozygous and one as dizygous on a phenotypic basis. The phenotypic diagnosis of monozygous twins based on morphological characters agreed well with the diagnosis by the determination of thyroid function. Similar observations were recorded when the twins were under different hormonal therapy. It is suggested that determination of thyroid function during the winter months (cold environment) might greatly facilitate an objective diagnosis of monozygocity.
Adoption of a Policy Innovation: The Case of Individual Development Accounts (IDAs)

An important aspect of social change is adoption of policy innovation by multiple states. Using models to explain the factors affecting policy adoption and diffusion, this paper examines the models that best explain the adoption process for the innovative Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) policy. We show that policy entrepreneurs play a principal role in initiating the policy adoption process. In addition, two internal determinants, the emergence of a problem and the availability of resources, are influential in the states' decisions to enact IDA legislation. Furthermore, policy leaders at both state and federal levels, as well as federal legislation are influential in the implementation and diffusion of IDA policy. We discuss implications for public policy.
Habitat use patterns by the seven-spotted lady beetle (Coleoptera: coccinellidae) in a diverse agricultural landscape

Abstract Studies were conducted during 1989 and 1990 to describe the habitat use patterns of the seven-spotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus. The study site consisted of seven treatments arranged in forty-two 0.91-ha plots. Maize, soybean, wheat, alfalfa, Populus, and successional habitats were represented. Habitats were sampled weekly (from late May to the end of August) using yellow sticky traps, sweep net samples, and visual observations. C. septempunctata was detected in all habitats during both years. Habitat preference, however, depended upon availability of prey and habitat disturbance. In 1989, wheat supported C. septempunctata populations early and mid-season, while Populus supported more C. septempunctata later in the season. In 1990, alfalfa was dominant early in the season, soybean in the mid-season, and successional and alfalfa late in the season. The results indicate that both cultivated and uncultivated habitats play an important role in supporting populations of C. septempunctata.
An approach to validating criteria for proteinuric flare in systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis

Objective Published criteria on the degree of proteinuria increase that defines a proteinuric flare in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with glomerulonephritis (GN) vary widely, likely because they are not evidence based, but are largely based on expert opinion. Ideally, the threshold for proteinuric flare should be set sufficiently high that spontaneous variation in proteinuria does not likely explain the increase, but not so high that the patient needlessly experiences prolonged severe proteinuria before a flare is declared and therapy is increased. The present study was undertaken to develop an evidence-based approach to setting the threshold for proteinuric flare, based on quantifying the spontaneous variation in the urine protein:creatinine ratio in SLE GN patients who are not experiencing SLE flare. Methods SLE GN patients (n = 71) in the Ohio SLE Study were tested at prespecified bimonthly intervals within windows of ±1 week. The median duration of followup was >44 months, and the rate of visit compliance was >90%. To assess spontaneous variation in the protein:creatinine ratio under no-flare conditions, we excluded protein:creatinine ratios measured within 4 months before or after renal flare. Results Our findings showed that in the group of SLE GN patients with a mean no-flare protein:creatinine ratio of ≤0.5, the published flare thresholds are set well above the 99% confidence interval of the no-flare protein:creatinine ratio. The opposite was seen in the group with a mean no-flare protein:creatinine ratio of ≥1.0. Conclusion Current thresholds for defining proteinuric flare appear to be set either too high or too low. A randomized trial would be needed to test whether resetting the thresholds would result in faster remission, reduction in therapy, and decrease in the frequency of chronic kidney disease.
Impact of Prognostic Factors on Clinical Outcome After Resection of Colorectal Pulmonary Metastases

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. Approximately 35% of patients will have metastatic disease at diagnosis, and an additional 25% of patients with resected stage II/III disease will develop recurrence. In approximately 30% of patients, metastatic disease will be restricted to a single organ, with the liver and lungs accounting for the majority of single organ-site metastases. In recent years, aggressive surgical resection of pulmonary metastases has become increasingly common with the recognition that this offers the best chance of long-term cure despite recent chemotherapeutic advances. Unfortunately, relapse after pulmonary resection remains approximately 70% despite advances in imaging and surgical technique. This review examines prognostic factors that influence survival after resection and repeat resection of pulmonary colorectal metastases and examines the impact of lymph node metastases, chemotherapy, and hepatic metastases on outcome. Pathologic markers that might determine outcome and current literature, which consists mainly of retrospective institutional reports, is reviewed.
Increased student self-confidence in clinical reasoning skills associated with case-based learning (CBL).

ABSTRACT Second-year veterinary students were surveyed at the beginning and end of a 15-week semester regarding their confidence in performing three clinical reasoning skills: (1) making Problem Lists; (2) making Rule-Out Lists; and (3) selecting appropriate diagnostic tests. Each week during the semester, these skills were practiced in small-group case discussions. Changes in self-confidence were analyzed and studied in light of faculty assessments of student competence in performance of the three skills. Rationale – The purpose of the study was to determine if students’ self-confidence in performing three clinical reasoning skills increased with practice. Methodology – On the first and last days of class, students rated their confidence in each of the three skills on a scale of 0 to 10. Mean confidence scores for the whole class both for time points and for each of the three skills were analyzed. Results – There were significant increases in students’ self-confidence in all three clinical reasoning skil...
Iron-Source Preference of Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Although bacteria use different iron compounds in vitGro, the possibility that microbes distinguish between these iron sources during infection has hitherto not been examined. We applied stable isotope labeling to detect source-specific iron by mass spectrometry and show that Staphylococcus aureus preferentially imports heme iron over transferrin iron. By combining this approach with computational genome analysis, we identified hts (heme transport system), a gene cluster that promotes preferred heme iron import by S. aureus. Heme iron scavenging by means of hts is required for staphylococcal pathogenesis in animal hosts, indicating that heme iron is the preferred iron source during the initiation of infection.
Three-dimensional reconstruction in free-space whole-body fluorescence tomography of mice using optically reconstructed surface and atlas anatomy.

We present a 3-D image reconstruction method for free- space fluorescence tomography of mice using hybrid anatomical prior information. Specifically, we use an optically reconstructed surface of the experimental animal and a digital mouse atlas to approximate the anatomy of the animal as structural priors to assist image reconstruc- tion. Experiments are carried out on a cadaver of a nude mouse with a fluorescent inclusion 2.4-mm-diam cylinder implanted in the chest cavity. Tomographic fluorescence images are reconstructed us- ing an iterative algorithm based on a finite element method. Coregis- tration of the fluorescence reconstruction and micro-CT computed tomography data acquired afterward show good localization accu- racy localization error 1.2±0.6 mm. Using the optically recon- structed surface, but without the atlas anatomy, image reconstruction fails to show the fluorescent inclusion correctly. The method demon- strates the utility of anatomical priors in support of free-space fluores- cence tomography. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3258836
Connecting Learners or Isolating Individuals?: The Social Justice Frames in the Cyber Charter Schools in Pennsylvania

Cyber charter schools are online schools that deliver educational content to students in Kindergarten through 12th grade. These programs provide the entire schooling experience through remote access to a virtual learning environment. Since cyber charters are a new educational platform, there is limited scholarly research discerning if they promote or detract from social justice in education. In mainstream dialogue, supporters hail cyber charters as providers of a quality education to students dissatisfied by their traditional school settings. For opponents, the schools are framed as providers of inadequate academic outcomes with a lack of social opportunity. To synthesize these disparate arguments, the authors examine Pennsylvania cyber charter website content and news stories in the popular press. The authors then discuss how these arguments relate to a social justice framework, considering potential implications for both Pennsylvania and outside entities who may wish to implement cyber charter schools in their local context.
Iodide Sorption to Subsurface Sediments and Illitic Minerals

Laboratory studies were conducted to quantify and understand the processes by which iodide (I-) adsorbs to subsurface arid sediments. A surprisingly large amount of I- sorbed (distribution coefficients [Kd?s] ranged from 1 to 10 mL/g and averaged 3.3 mL/g) to three alkaline subsurface sediments that were low in organic matter content. Experiments with pure mineral isolates, similar to the minerals identified in the clay fraction of the sediments, showed that there was little or no I- sorption. The pure minerals that had low iodide sorption include montmorillonite (Kd = -0.42 +/- 0.08 mL/g), quartz (Kd = 0.04 +/- 0.02 mL/g), vermiculite (Kd = 0.56 +/- 0.21 mL/g), calcite (Kd = 0.04 +/- 0.01 mL/g), goethite (Kd = 0.10 +/- 0.03 mL/g), or chlorite (Kd = -0.22 +/- 0.06 mL/g). Conversely, a significant amount of I- sorbed to illite (Kd = 15.14 +/- 2.84 mL/g). Upon treating the iodide-laden illite with dissolved F-, Cl-, Br-, or I-127, desorption (or isotopic exchange in the case of I-127) removed, respectively, 57 +/- 3%, 55 +/- 0%, 48 +/- 3, and 17 +/- 1% of the I- originally adsorbed to the illite. The fact that such large amounts of I- could be desorbed suggestsmore » that the I- was weakly adsorbed, and not chemically bonded to a soft metal, such as mercury or silver, that may have existed in the illite structure as trace impurities. Finally, I- sorption to illite was strongly pH-dependent; the Kd values decreased from 46 to 22 mL/g as the pH increased from 3.6 to 9.4. Importantly, I- sorbed to illite even under alkaline conditions. Together, these experiments suggest that illite removed I- from the aqueous phase predominantly by reversible physical adsorption to the pH-dependent edge sites. Illites may constitute a substantial proportion of the clay-size fraction of many arid sediments and therefore may play an important role in retarding I- movement in these sediments.« less
Power and Regulation in Britain

With the sell-off of the nationalized utilities, regulation became central to the way Britain is governed. The withdrawal of state ownership and provision, however, challenges agency models of state power, which suggest that state capacity increases only with increased resources. This paper suggests that distinguishing between direct and indirect power explains how diminishing state intervention can enhance state control. After reconceptualizing regulation in terms of these two media of power, the paper examines British utility regulations as the operations and effects of marketizing delegation. It shows how market processes operate as a medium of indirect control, permitting the core state to hold direct power in reserve and enhancing overall state power.
David S. Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights

(2007). David S. Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights. Political Theology: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 253-256.