cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional Differences Between Early and Late Degree Program Music Teacher Education Students Using a Concise Emotional Inventory

Teaching music can be a stressful profession. How current and future teachers perceive stress, and the personal emotions that result from stressful situations, raises many questions. This study investigated differences in perception of levels of emotional stress between early and late program students in music teacher education using a concise emotional inventory. The scale was developed as an expedient device to be used with young adults to access a person’s emotional state across a wide variety of defined life content areas. The version of the scale used in this study was specifically developed and validated for use with college-age students. In the present study, comparisons were made between students in an introductory music education class (n = 45) versus advanced music education undergraduates (n = 45) in the semester prior to their student teaching. Results indicated that although some similarities between the two groups did exist, there were indeed differences. The question concerning finances was...
Case-control study of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease.

We investigated the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with two estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms. In a sample of 319 unrelated PD cases and 196 control subjects including both men and women, we observed no association of PD with the estrogen receptor genotypes derived from XbaI and PvuII digests. Analyses restricted to women or to cases and controls of European origin yielded similar findings. Further analyses stratified by age at examination or by family history did not show associations. While exogenous and endogenous estrogen may modify the risk of PD in women, the two estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms considered here do not seem to contribute to PD susceptibility.
A Spatial Configuration Effect on the Probability of Detection

This paper discusses a simple problem in detection theory using a model with a simple discretized space. This allows the probability problem to be analyzed algebraically to demonstrate that separate targets, independent before entering the detection space, do not have probabilistically independent detection probability distributions. Several variants of the basic case are discussed.
Epidermal growth factor dependence and TGFα autocrine growth regulation in primary rat tracheal epithelial cells

We have examined dependence of primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) on exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) and determined whether a TGF alpha autocrine pathway is operating in these cells. Primary RTE cells plated in serum free media (SFM) without EGF and bovine pituitary factor (BPE) show little proliferation compared to cultures propagated in media containing EGF/BPE (CSFM). Removal of EGF/BPE shortly after plating, however, results in significant proliferation, although plateau cell densities are reduced and cell morphology is significantly altered compared to cells propagated in CSFM. Addition of EGF and/or BPE to cultures propagated in SFM minus EGF/BPE restores maximum cell density. The concentration of TGF alpha peptide in media conditioned by cells propagated without EGF/BPE is lower than the concentration in the media of CSFM cultures. TGF alpha mRNA and protein levels are also significantly lower in cells late in culture compared to logarithmically growing cells regardless of the presence or absence of EGF/BPE. The proliferation of primary RTE cells propagated without EGF/BPE is inhibited by neutralizing TGF alpha antiserum and by a tyrphostin compound that blocks TGF alpha/EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. These results indicate that primary RTE cells utilize TGF alpha as an autocrine growth factor and that the autocrine pathway is regulated as a function of growth state of the cells. However, this pathway does not provide growth autonomy to primary RTE cells, since cultures remain dependent on exogenous EGF/BPE for sustained proliferation.
The Development of Self-Esteem in the Early Work Career

To investigate the development of self-esteem in the early work career, a secondary analysis of data from 843 members of the “Youth in Transition” panel of young men was performed. Maximum likeliho...
Molecular Cloning and Mapping of a Novel Human KRAB Domain-Containing C2H2-Type Zinc Finger to Chromosome 7q36.1

C2H2 zinc finger proteins constitute the largest family of transcription factors known with an estimated 300-500 genes encoding these proteins in the human genome. These proteins possess two conserved cysteines that are part of an antiparallel beta-sheet and two conserved histidines that are part of an alpha-helix, coordinated by a central zinc atom to form a globular domain. The protein family is typified by the RNA polymerase II transcription factor TFIIIA and the gap gene product Kruppel. 13 refs., 1 fig.
Humans and apes are genetically very similar

MAN'S closest living relatives are the great apes—the African chimpanzee and gorilla, and the Asian orangutan. Humans (Homo) are classified in the family Hominidae; chimpanzees (Pan), gorillas (Gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo) are classified in the family Pongidae. The gibbons, or lesser Asian apes (genera Hylobates and Symphalangus), are classified in the family Hylobatidae. All three families of humans and apes are included in the superfamily Hominoidea. Linnaeus recognised the basic morphological similarities between humans and apes by placing them together in the order primates (Anthropomorpha), although in separate genera. He did not use any category of classification intermediate between ‘genus’ and ‘order’. However, when the ‘family’ category was introduced, humans and apes were placed in separate families. The prevailing view of modern taxonomists has been expressed by Simpson1: “Homo is both anatomically and adaptively the most radically distinctive of all hominoids, divergent to a degree considered familial by all primatologists”. With the methods of classical mendelian genetics it is impossible to make genetic comparisons between species which cannot be hybridised, as the presence of genes is ascertained by studying segregation in the progenies of crosses between individuals exhibiting different traits. However, advances in molecular biology have made possible comparisons between DNA sequences or, more often, between proteins from different organisms. If the proteins are identical in amino acid sequence, the genes coding for them are assumed to be identical. (This is not always true owing to the redundancy of the genetic code, but DNA nucleotide differences which change the encoded protein have greater evolutionary consequences than those which do not.) Many proteins from different organisms can be readily compared by means of gel electrophoresis. Although not all amino acid differences are detected by this method, it provides reasonably satisfactory estimates of the relative degree of genetic differentiation between closely related species. King and Wilson2 studied electrophoretically 44 gene loci coding for proteins in humans and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and found them to be about as similar as very closely related species of other organisms are to each other. We now report results confirming that finding and extend it to comparisons between humans and the other apes.
Elaboration of the definition of genetic counseling into a model for counselee decision-making.

Abstract Genetic counseling has evolved from a eugenic orientation to an orientation concerned with the physical and mental well‐being of counselees. This change in genetic counseling, which has received formal recognition in a new definition of genetic counseling, requires collateral development of the processes and evaluation of the outcomes of counseling. This paper offers a theory of genetic counseling which interrelates genetic information, psychological responses, learning theory, and decision‐making. The theory presented for genetic counseling is based on the more general theories of learning, decision‐making, and adaptation to psychological stress. This theory is extended into a practical model that provides a comprehensive explanation of the relationships between the activities of genetic counseling and informed decision‐making, which is assumed to be a major element of healthy counselee adjustment. Implications of this theory for the genetic counselor, the counselee, and the assessment of clinic...
Temporal and numerical patterns of reproductive behavior in the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Through hourly observations of 370 individuals in two 11-day test periods, the temporal and numerical patterns of mating and oviposition behavior in Nezara viridula (L.) were investigated in the laboratory. There was large variation in copulatory durations (1–165 hr), number of copulations per individual (1–9), and time in copulo prior to oviposition (1–176 hr). Number of copulations and mean copulatory duration were negatively correlated for both sexes. Number of copulations was positively correlated with percent of total test time spent mating. Neither males nor females exhibited definitive refractory periods. Oviposition followed a marked diel periodicity. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ZEITLICHE UND ZAHLENMASSIGE VERHALTENSMUSTER BEI DER FORTPFLANZUNG VON NEZARA VIRIDULA (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) Das Paarungs- und Eiablageverhalten von Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) wurde im Labor beobachtet. Es wurden 370 markierte Wanzen wahrend zwei 11-tagigen Versuchen berucksichtigt. Die in kleinen Kafigen eingeschlossenen Insekten wurden einmal pro Stunde kontrolliert. Die jeweilige Kopulationsdauer fur alle Paare wurde registriert, wie auch die Trennungszeiten der Individuen. Die Dauer der Kopulation schwankte von 1 bis 165 Stunden; die Individuen paarten sich 1 bis 9 mal; bei den Weibchen betrug die Gesamtpaarungszeit vor der Eiablage 1 bis 176 Stunden. Fur die beiden Geschlechter verringerte sich jede einzelne Kopulationsdauer, sobald die Paarungshaufigkeit zunahm. Je niedriger die Kopulationsrate war, desto geringer war auch die gesamte Kopulationszeit (Fig. 2). Es wurden weder fur die Mannchen noch fur die Weibchen bestimmte Inaktivitatszeiten registriert; manche blieben fur langere Zeit ohne weitere Paarungen, wahrend andere sich sofort wieder paarten. Die Eiablage fand hauptsachlich von 18.00–21.00 Uhr statt (Fig. 3).
Lack of correlation between antitumour response and serum interferon levels in mice treated with SSM, an immunotherapeutic anticancer agent

Lack of correlation between antitumour response and serum interferon levels in mice treated with SSM, an immunotherapeutic anticancer agent
Synthesis and characterization of charge-substituted garnets YCaLnGa5O12 (LnCe, Pr, Tb)

Abstract A low temperature method is described for the preparation of the new garnet compounds YCaLnGa 5 O 12 (LnCe, Pr, Tb). In this set of compounds (Ca 2+ + Ln 4+ ) replaces 2Y 3+ in the parent gallium based garnet Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 in order to stabilize as effectively as possible the Ln 4+ species in the eight-coordinate “A” site of the garnet structure. Characterization of the oxides by X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis is discussed with regard to the structural relationship of the substituted compound to the parent material. The tetravalent ions Pr 4+ and Tb 4+ exhibit increased thermal stability in reducing conditions as compared to the Ln 4+ states in the fluorite (LnO 2 ) and perovskite (BaLnO 3 ) type structures. This result is discussed with reference to the complex crystal chemistry of these systems.
Lead poisoning: The continuing epidemic

The toxicity of lead has been known since antiquity, although its deleterious effects at very low levels, especially for children, have been studied and documented only in this last quarter century. This review provides a brief overlook of the history of lead poisoning, its prenatal and postnatal health effects in children, environmental sources of lead (to which poor and minority group children are disproportionately exposed), legislative and governmental initiatives up to the present, and the efforts needed now to reduce or eliminate exposure to lead and to diagnose and treat lead poisoned children more effectively—at least until preventive measures have dramatically curtailed the pervasiveness of the disease.
Flow Through a Porous Medium With Periodic Barriers or Fractures

Apparent permeability of a reservoir may be affected by local variations in permeability whose extent and location are not known in detail. One way to approximate this condition is to postulate a regular pattern of typically shaped and oriented inclusions. This paper examines the special case of a periodic array of infinitely thin, impermeable barriers opposed to single-phase, two-dimensional (2D) flow. Results provide a quantitative picture of the importance of barrier geometry and arrangement to the apparent anisotropy of permeability. The problem setting, formulated previously, allows a closed-form analytical expression to be obtained for anisotropy as a function of barrier geometry. However, a previously published solution is incorrect. The purpose of this paper is to present a correct solution and to discuss some of its consequences. Analytical results for this and other geometries, in two and three dimensions, have been developed previously. Numerical results for this problem are also available for both single-phase and two-phase (gas/oil) flow. For clarity, we develop the solution in terms of the barriers problem, and refer in retrospect to the fracture problem.
A GC-Box Within the Proximal Promoter Region of the Rat Cathepsin L Gene Activates Transcription in Sertoli Cells of Sexually Mature Rats

It has been proposed that stage-specific gene expression in Sertoli cells results from sequential activation and repression of transcription. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are unknown. As a first step in addressing this fundamental issue, we recently demonstrated that a 3-kilobase (kb) genomic fragment immediately upstream of the rat cathepsin L translation start site directed stage-specific expression of a reporter gene only in Sertoli cells of transgenic mice in a manner comparable to that of the endogenous gene (predominantly in stages VI-VIII tubules). Supporting the activation/repression model of regulation, an upstream domain that mediated an inhibitory effect by male germ cells was identified within this 3-kb promoter region. In the present study, we localized and characterized the regulatory elements that activate transcription. Analyses of a series of 5' deletion constructs demonstrated that a 120-base pair (bp) region that spans the transcription start site of the rat cathepsin L gene was sufficient to activate transcription in Sertoli cells isolated from sexually mature rats. Within this region, electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that one member of the Sp/XKLF family of factors, Sp3, specifically bound to a GC-box. Furthermore, Sp1-binding activity was not detected in nuclear extracts from Sertoli cells of sexually mature rats. Finally, the GC-box was shown to be essential for promoter activity since mutating this binding motif abolished promoter activity. Collectively, these results suggest that the GC-box is a critical regulatory element for the cathepsin L promoter in mature Sertoli cells.
Toxicity of ultraviolet-irradiated halothane in mice

Abstract Some operating rooms are equipped with ultraviolet (u.v.)-radiating germicidal lamps which can decompose halocarbons. One such agent is the widely used anesthetic, halothane. To study the toxicity of u.v. decomposed halothane, mice were exposed to anesthetic concentrations (1.3%) of non- and u.v.-irradiated halothane in oxygen for 90 min. Halothane sleeping times increased from 14.3 min to 72.5 min. Microsomal mixed function oxidase activity decreased, as shown by prolonged pentobarbital sleeping times 1 day after exposure to halothane and irradiated halothane (54.6 min and 149.1 min, respectively, as compared to a 34.6-min control). Quantitative and qualitative differences were found in the amount of [14C] pentobarbital metabolites excreted by u.v.-irradiated halothane exposed mice compared to either oxygen or non-irradiated halothane exposed groups. In addition, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) of irradiated halothane-exposed mice increased to 233% of the control values, and serum glutamic-pyruvic transsminase (SGPT) were 377% of control values. No significant changes in SGOT or SGPT occurred in non-irradiated halothane-exposed mice. Hepatic cytochromes P-450 and b5 decreased 20% and 13%, respectively, in animals exposed to irradiated halothane, with no significant change in mice exposed to non-irradiated halothane. Microsomal aminopyrine demethylase activity in irradiated halothane-exposed mice also fell to 74% of the control or non-irradiated group values. Decomposition was approximately 10-fold greater for halothane irradiated in oxygen than in nitrogen. Inorganic bromine and fluorine were present, and 9 compounds were recognized by gas-liquid chromatography. Debromination and formation of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl chloride on irradiation in air are hypothesized to be responsible for the increased toxicity. Studies are in progress to evaluate the toxicity of lower concentrations for longer periods and to identify further the decomposition products.
Market rationality tests based on cross-equation restrictions

Abstract The information used by researchers in cross-equation tests of rational expectations may be a small subset of the information available to the market. Such tests produce consistent estimates, but have low power. We develop a mechanism for dealing with this problem and use the procedure to perform cross-equation tests on predictions from the football betting market. The tests fail to reject rationality. We provide evidence that market predictions from betting markets are not formed rationally. It appears, therefore, that cross-equation tests have low power even if the information sets used by the researcher and the market are approximately the same.
Technic of operation for varicose veins.

T HE foIIowing procedure has. been found to give very satisfactory res&s in cases of varicosities invoIving the greater and Iesser saphenous venous systems. The purpose of the operation is to remove the main trunk of the great saphenous vein (aIso the Iesser saphenous vein when it is invoIved) and communicating veins. Sclerosing chemicaIs are never empIoyed at any time. comfort. UsuaIIy s/4 gr. morphine suIfate and 145 to 3 gr. nembuta1 wiI1 keep the patient comfortabIe during the operation and prevent any unpIeasant memories.
ECOLOGY OF THE EPIPELIC ALGAL COMMUNITIES IN MARION LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA1,2

SUMMARY Studies of the seasonal and spatial distribution of the epipelic algal standing crop and primary productivity were conducted in Marion Lake, British Columbia. Possible biological, chemical, and physical factors controlling the epipelic algal community dynamics were also investigated. The epipelic algal flora of the lake was very diverse, however, it can be generally considered as acidophilic associations of algae. The vertical distribution of the epipelic algae is partially influenced by the amount of light reaching the sediment, but also strongly influenced by the grazing of animals and erosion by wave action. Temperature, light, and grazing by animals all appear to influence the seasonal fluctuations in the algal standing crop. Concentrations of nutrients immediately above the sediment surface appear to be less important as controlling factors. The most important variables influenceing the primary productivity of the epipelic community are temperature, total algal standing crop, and light. Nutrients, again, appear to be less important as controlling factors. The study supports the idea that epipelic algal growth is high in shallow, low nutrient lakes and that the epipelic algal productivity is extremely important to the total energy budget of the lake.
The Intelligent Egg, and How It Got That Way: from Genes to Genius in a Few Easy Lessons

A seed has no flowers or leaves, and an egg no fingers or lungs. Yet plants and animals not only have these things but they resemble their parents in detail throughout their bodies. Something is inherited, but what is it? Life is based on the activities of cells. An organism has large numbers of them—a human has trillions! Cells live as separate units, which enables them each to do its own thing within its particular organ, but to be an organism they must work together. A cell can only detect its immediate local environment, but that includes various kinds of signals or information from nearby or far away within the body—or even from the external environment. It is by being local but responding globally in this way that an egg becomes an organism, an organism manages its way through life, and organisms make up species and ecosystems that interact with each other. The evolution of these abilities has produced the glorious array of living forms that populate the world. In these ways, an egg may have no thoughts but is a highly intelligent being.
Numerical solution technique for transient, two-dimensional combustion with multi-step kinetics

Abstract For numerical combustion problems, computational time and storage requirements scale approximately with the square of the number of chemical species. Therefore, the most difficult cases that can be solved using elementary chemical kinetics have been one-dimensional transient and two-dimensional steady formulations. This limitation and the established shortcomings of global reactions have encouraged recent development of simplified but accurate multi-step kinetics schemes. The present investigation uses one of these simplified reaction mechanisms to determine if solution of a multi-dimensional, transient, reacting flow problem is possible without resort to overly simplified, global kinetics. A laminar, two-dimensional, transient, viscous flow model has been developed which incorporates a chemical kinetics mechanism for propane consisting of four reversible reactions and only seven species. The model is used to investigate the initiation and propagation of a flame subjected to heat transfer, wall motion and shear flow. The mathematical model simulates the physical and chemical processes occurring near the centerline of a thin-gap formed by two cold, solid surfaces as one surface moves first toward and then away from the other. The governing conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species are simplified using the thin-gap approximation. The problem is transformed to eliminate the continuity equation by using a compressible stream function formulation. The resulting mixed order system of nonlinear, boundary value problems is solved by a semi-discrete numerical procedure which employs a finite element collocation method and adaptive grid technique. Both non-reacting and reacting cases are solved to demonstrate the effect of the shear flow and cold surfaces on the flow field and on the developing laminar flame. The results reveal a complex flow with numerous substructures caused by the interaction of the developing flame with cold fluid trapped in the boundary layer adjacent to the stationary wall. The reacting flow results represent the first calculation of a laminar, reacting flow in a moving wall geometry using nonequilibrium, multi-step chemistry while simultaneously resolving the momentum and thermal boundary layers.
The effect of the rate of heat storage on serum heat shock protein 72 in humans

Hsp72 concentration has been shown to be higher in the serum (eHsp72) of runners with symptoms of heat illness than in non-ill runners. Recently, it has been suggested that the rate of heat storage during exercise in the heat may be an important factor in the development of heat stroke. Therefore, we compared the effect of two rates of heat storage on eHsp72 concentration during exercise in which subjects reached the same final core temperature. We hypothesized that with a lower rate of heat storage the increase in eHsp72 would be attenuated compared to a higher rate of heat storage. Nine heat acclimated subjects performed two exercise trials in a counterbalanced order in the heat (42 degrees C, 30% relative humidity). The trials consisted of walking on a treadmill (approximately 50% VO (2) peak) dressed in military summer fatigues until rectal temperature reached 38.5 degrees C. A high rate of heat storage (HS, 1.04 +/- 0.10 W m(-2) min(-1), mean +/- SE) occurred when subjects walked without cooling. To produce a lower rate of heat storage (LS, 0.54 +/- 0.09 W m(-2) min(-1)) subjects walked while wearing a water-perfused cooling vest underneath clothing. eHsp72 increased pre- to post-exercise (P 0.05) in eHSP between the two rates of heat storage (LS 1.25 +/- 0.73 to 2.23 +/- 0.70 ng ml(-1), HS 1.04 +/- 0.57 to 2.02 +/- 0.60 ng ml(-1)). This result suggests that eHsp72 is a function of the core temperature attained rather than the rate of heat storage.
Refining physician quality indicators for screening mammography in older women: distinguishing appropriate use from overuse.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of refining physician quality indicators of screening mammography use based on patient life expectancy. Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study. Setting: Texas. Participants: Three thousand five hundred ninety-five usual care providers (UCPs) with at least 10 female patients aged 67 and older on January 1, 2008, with an estimated life expectancy of 7 years or more (222,584 women) and at least 10 women with an estimated life expectancy of less than 7 years (90,903 women), based on age and comorbidity. Measurements: Screening mammography use in 2008�09 by each provider in each population. Results: The average adjusted mammography screening rates for UCPs were 31.1% for women with a life expectancy of less than 7 years and 55.2% for women with a life expectancy of 7 years or longer. For women with limited life expectancy, 3.7% of UCPs had significantly lower and 9.2% had significantly higher than average adjusted mammography screening rates. For women with longer life expectancy, 16.7% of UCPs had significantly lower and 19.7% had significantly higher than average rates. UCP adjusted screening rates were stable over time (2006�07 vs 2008�09, correlation coefficient (r) = 0.65, P < .001). There was a strong correlation between UCP screening rates for their female patients with a life expectancy of less than 7 years and 7 years or longer (r = 0.67, P < .001). Most physician characteristics associated with higher screening rates (e.g., being female and foreign trained) in women with longer life expectancy were also associated with higher screening rates in women with limited life expectancy. Conclusion: Providers with high mammography screening rates for women with longer life expectancy also tend to screen women with limited life expectancy. Quality indicators for screening practice can be improved by distinguishing appropriate use from overuse based on patient life expectancy.
Investigation of collisional effects within the bending magnet region of a DIII-D neutral beamline

The region between the pole faces of the DIII-D neutral beamline residual ion bending magnets is an area of transient high gas pressure which may cause beam defocusing and increased heating of beamline internal components due to collisional effects. An investigation of these effects helps in understanding residual ion trajectories and in providing information for studying the beamline capability for operation with increased pulse duration. Examination of collisional effects, and of the possible existence of space charge blow-up, was carried out by injecting deuterium gas into the region between the magnet pole faces with rates varying from 9 to 18 torr-l/sec. Thermocouple and waterflow calorimetry data were taken to measure the beamline component heating and beam power deposition on the magnet pole shields, magnet louvers, ion dump, beam collimators, and calorimeter. Data was also taken at gas flow rates varying from 0 to 25 torr-l/sec into the neutralizer cell and is compared with the magnet region gas injection data obtained. Results show that both collisional effects and space charge blow-up play a role in magnet region component heating and that neutralizer gas flow sufficiently reduces component heating without incurring unacceptable power losses through collisional effects.
Weight-Related Increases in Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, and Diabetes Risk in Normal Weight Male and Female Runners

Background— Although 36% of US men and 42% of US women are of normal weight, the health implications of greater weight in ostensibly normal-weight individuals are seldom acknowledged. Methods and Results— Self-reported physician-diagnosed incident diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension were compared with adult body mass index (BMI), and body circumferences in 29 139 male and 11 985 female nonsmoking runners followed prospectively for 7.7 and 7.4 years, respectively. Included among these were 20 731 men and 11 197 women who were of normal weight at baseline (BMI 2 ). During follow-up, 2342 men (8.53%) and 499 women (4.26%) became hypertensive, 3330 men (12.2%) and 599 women (5.14%) were diagnosed with high cholesterol, and 197 men (0.68%) and 28 women (0.23%) became diabetic. Increasing BMI and waist circumference at baseline significantly increased the log odds for normal-weight men becoming hypertensive ( P P P P =0.05). The log odds for being diagnosed with high cholesterol also increased with baseline BMI in normal-weight women ( P 2 , the odds for being diagnosed with hypertension or high cholesterol increased by 45% ( P =0.05) and 64% ( P =0.002), respectively, for those with 20≤BMI 2 , and by 121% ( P P 2 . The odds for women with 22.5≤BMI 2 developing hypertension or high cholesterol were 33% ( P =0.02) and 29% ( P =0.03) higher, respectively, than for women with 20≤BMI 2 , and 64% ( P =0.0007) and 41% ( P =0.008) higher, respectively, than women with BMI 2 . Relative to men and women with BMI 2 , the odds for developing diabetes during follow-up increased by 119% ( P =0.009) and 116% ( P =0.17), respectively, for those with 22.5≤BMI 2 . Conclusions— Greater BMI and larger waist circumference increase the risks for hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes even among normal-weight nonsmoking runners, although overall risks remain relatively low vis-a-vis those for the overweight or obese.
Comparison of Oviductal Transport of Fertilized and Unfertilized Ova After HCG or Coitus-Induced Ovulation in Rabbits

Location of ova in cleared oviducts was compared in rabbits given HCG (Group I), HCG with artificial insemination (Group II), and in naturally mated rabbits (Group Ill). Forty-eight hours after the ovulatory stimulus, ova were located significantly deeper in oviducts of Group II than in Groups I and Ill. By 60 h location of ova in the oviduct was not different between groups. However, at 60 and 66 h a considerable number of ova had entered the uterus in Groups I and II, but not in Group III. By 72 h the majority of ova had entered the uterus in Groups I and II and entry had begun in Group Ill. The majority of ova did not enter the uterus in Group III until between 78 and 84 h after mating. Sections of oviducts examined histologically indicated that fertilized and unfertilized ova travelled at the same rate in individual rabbits until uterine entry
Instrument for nondestructive texture measurement of raw atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fillets

A portable instrument was developed to rapidly and objectively determine texture (firmness and resilience) of raw Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fillets. A controlled study determined the texture of raw fillets from 774 cod, caught at three different times of year. Compared to texture grades of fillets assessed by trained and experienced Fish Inspection Officers, this instrument was a dependable method of rapidly determined texture of raw fillets.
Unsupervised conceptual learning in a diagnostic expert system

A diagnostic expert system for assessing colonic sections is augmented by the addition of an unsupervised learning module. A simple distance metric between diagnostic clue sequences, as they occur for each assessed case, is defined. The statistical significance of the modes detected in the conceptual data sets is established. Even the relatively simple unsupervised learning module implemented in this system has led to a number of insights. For example, if learning capability is considered for a diagnostic expert system, it is advisable to use a fine grading and multiple diagnostic clue values. This will allow better resolution by a distance measure. Also, it is possible to establish distances between concepts if an ordering can be attained and, based on such an ordering, the statistical significance of a grouping of cases, described only in conceptual terms, can be established. >
Investigation of modal interaction and its effects on control performance in stressed power systems using normal forms of vector fields

This paper presents a systematic scheme to evaluate nonlinear modal interaction in a power system with excitation control and determine the effect of the interaction on control performance using the normal forms of vectors fields. The proposed approach has been applied to a two-area, four-generator system. The results obtained showed that the control modes have significant interaction with the inertial modes, especially with the so-called interarea modes. The nonlinear interaction between modes following the excitation of certain specific modes could result in a detrimental effect on control performance when the controls are designed based on purely linear analysis.
Explicitly Linking Human Impact to Ecological Function in Secondary School Classrooms

Both the old National Science Education Standards (NSES) and the recent Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) devote significant resources to learning about human environmental impact. Whereas the NSES advocate learning about human environmental impact in a section apart from the science-content learning strands, the NGSS embed them in the core life-science and ecology learning strands. We describe a study that compared the effects of these different approaches on ninth-grade biology student learning. It found that students learned significantly more human-environmental-impact and ecological-function content when human-impact content was embedded in ecology content than when human impact was taught as a discrete unit from ecology.
Numerical Computations in US Undergraduate Physics Courses

A recent study conducted via email and Web surveys gathered responses from physics faculty members across the US about their use of numerical computations in the classroom. Responses showed a strong commitment to computational activities from some physics faculty and a frustration over the lack of such activities from others
Changing frames or framing change? Social cognitive implications of organizational change during IT adoption

The author draws on the concept of technological frames of reference to examine the relationship between organizational change and outcomes of the IT adoption process from a social cognitive perspective. In an in-depth, longitudinal field study of two IT implementation projects, she examined how changes in the organizational context influenced technological frames and how shifts in technological frames affected stakeholders' interpretations of the information technology application, its potential uses, and requirements for the IT artifact. In one project, participants' frames evolved in response to changes in the organizational context, facilitating application of the information technology in new business functions. In the second project, technology frames shifted frequently and project participants' interpretation of the IT application fluctuated, inhibiting its development and implementation. The implications for theory and practice of this research are considered.
Solving nonconvex power control problems in wireless networks: low SIR regime and distributed algorithms

In wireless cellular networks that are interference-limited, a variety of power control problems can be formulated as nonlinear optimization with a system-wide objective subject to many QoS constraints from individual users. Previous work have been done in the high SIR regime by solving these problems with nonlinear objectives and constraints as geometric programs. However, in the medium to low SIR regime, these problems cannot be transformed into tractable convex optimization problems. This paper makes two contributions: (1) In the low SIR regime, we propose a method with centralized computation to obtain the globally optimal solution by solving a series of geometric programs. (2) While efficient and robust algorithms have been extensively studied for centralized solutions of geometric programs, distributed algorithms have not been investigated before this paper. We present a systematic method of distributed algorithms for power control based on geometric programs in high SIR regime. These two contributions can be readily combined to distributively solve nonlinear power control problems in general SIR regime
PRIVATE EQUITY: SOURCES AND USES

Private equity capital is playing a large and growing role in the funding of small to medium-sized, high-growth businesses. Today's private equity investment typically takes the form of purchase of a minority interest in a post-start-up, high-technology company followed by an IPO a few years later. A large number of such investors are scouring the markets for new investment possibilities and the competitive pressures are growing. Although private equity investors can and often do add significant value to a company, private equity is potentially expensive, in terms of both loss of ownership and loss of control over long-term strategic decisions of the company. Owner-managers who want to retain as much of both as possible are advised to install more formalized business procedures, expand the company's outside relationships, and become more familiar with the company's financial needs and options. These changes should reduce capital needs, reduce the costs of private equity funding, and increase negotiating leverage when dealing with large, sophisticated private capital investors.
Compiler-controlled caching in superword register files for multimedia extension architectures

In this paper, we describe an algorithm and implementation of locality optimizations for architectures with instruction sets such as Intel's SSE and Motorola's AltiVec that support operations on superwords, i.e., aggregate objects consisting of several machine words. We treat the large superword register file as a compiler-controlled cache, thus avoiding unnecessary memory accesses by exploiting reuse in superword registers. This research is distinguished from previous work on exploiting reuse in scalar registers because it considers not only temporal but also spatial reuse. As compared to optimizations to exploit reuse in cache, the compiler must also manage replacement, and thus, explicitly name registers in the generated code. We describe an implementation of our approach integrated with a compiler that exploits superword-level parallelism (SLP). We present a set of results derived automatically on 4 multimedia kernels and 2 scientific benchmarks. Our results show speedups ranging from 1.3 to 2.8X on the 6 programs as compared to using SLP alone, and we eliminate the majority of memory accesses.
Mentoring in All Directions: Influence and Focus Throughout the Department

Abstract Mentoring in higher education is most often conceptualized as the relationship between a more senior and less experienced faculty member or between faculty and student in the process of im...
Finite element analysis of instability-related delamination growth

A parametric study of postbuckled through-width delaminations in laminated coupons was performed. A finite element analysis was developed to analyze the coupons as a combination of linear and geometrically nonlinear components. Because most of the coupon configuration studied behaves linearly, the mixed linear and nonlinear analysis greatly reduced computational costs. The analysis was verified by comparing numerical with exact solutions for simple hypothetical problems. In addition, measured lateral deflections of postbuckled through-width delaminations in laminated coupons were compared with predicted deflections. In the parametric study, stress distributions and strain-energy release rates were calculated for various delamination lengths, delamination depths, applied loads, and lateral deflections. Also, a small number of coupons with through-width delaminations were fatigue tested to obtain delamination growth data. Calculated strain-energy release rates were compared with the observed growth rates to determine the relative importance of the Mode 1 and Mode 2 components of energy release. Growth process was dominated by G sub I.
Serological Assays for Identification of Human Gastric Colonization by Helicobacter pylori Strains Expressing VacA m1 or m2

The Helicobacter pylori vacA gene encodes a secreted protein (VacA) that alters the function of gastric epithelial cells and T lymphocytes. H. pylori strains containing particular vacA alleles are associated with differential risk of disease. Because the VacA midregion may exist as one of two major types, m1 or m2, serologic responses may potentially be used to differentiate between patients colonized with vacA m1- or vacA m2-positive H. pylori strains. In this study, we examined the utility of specific antigens from the m regions of VacA as allele-specific diagnostic antigens. We report that serological responses to P44M1, an H. pylori m1-specific antigen, are observed predominantly in patients colonized with m1-positive strains, whereas responses to VacA m2 antigens, P48M2 and P55M2, are observed in patients colonized with either m1- or m2-positive strains. In an Asian-American population, serologic responses to VacA m region-specific antigens were not able to predict the risk of development of gastric cancer.
Putting Islam to Work: Education, Politics, and Religious Transformation in Egypt

Putting Islam to Work: Education, Politics, and Religious Transformation in Egypt. Gregory Starrett. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. xvi. 308 pp., index, bibliography, notes.
Potential Impact of Climate Changes on the Inundation Risk Levels in a Dam Break Scenario

The overall objective of the study is to generate information for an enhanced land use planning with respect to flood hazards. The study assesses the potential impact of climate change by simulating a dam break scenario in a high intensity rainfall event and evaluates the vulnerability risk in the downstream region by integrating ArcGIS and Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) technologies. In the past century, the evidence of climate changes are observed in terms of increase in high intensity rainfall events. These events are of high concern, as increased inflow rates may increase the probability of a dam failure, leading to higher magnitude flooding events involving multiple consequences. The 100 year historical rainfall data for the central Mississippi region reveals an increased trend in the intensity of rainfall rates after the 1970s. With more than 10% of high hazard dams in the central region, the damage can be far accumulative. The study determines occurrence of the high intensity rainfall event in the past 100 years for central Mississippi and simulates a Ross Barnett Reservoir dam break scenario and evaluates the vulnerability risks due to inundation in the immediate downstream region, which happens to be the State Capital. The results indicate that the inundation due to a Ross Barnett Reservoir failure under high intensity rainfall event is comparable to a catastrophic flood event experienced by the region in 1979, which almost equals a 200-year flood magnitude. The results indicate that the extent and depth of flood waters poses a significant destructive threat to the state capital, inundating various infrastructural and transportation networks.
Trace-minimal graphs and D-optimal weighing designs

Let G(v,δ) be the set of all δ-regular graphs on v vertices. Certain graphs from among those in G(v,δ) with maximum girth have a special property called trace-minimality. In particular, all strongly regular graphs with no triangles and some cages are trace-minimal. These graphs play an important role in the statistical theory of D-optimal weighing designs. Each weighing design can be associated with a (0, 1)-matrix. Let Mm,n(0, 1) denote the set of all m × n (0, 1)-matrices and let G(m,n)=maxdetXTX:X∈Mm,n(0,1). A matrix X ∈ Mm,n(0, 1) is a D-optimal design matrix if det XTX = G(m, n). In this paper we exhibit some new formulas for G(m, n) where n ≡ −1 (mod 4) and m is sufficiently large. These formulas depend on the congruence class of n (mod n). More precisely, let m = nt + r where 0 ⩽ r < n. For each pair n, r, there is a polynomial P(n, r, t) of degree n in t, which depends only on n, r, such that G(nt + r, n) = P(n, r, t) for all sufficiently large t. The polynomial P(n, r, t) is computed from the characteristic polynomial of the adjacency matrix of a trace-regular graph whose degree of regularity and number of vertices depend only on n and r. We obtain explicit expressions for the polynomial P(n, r, t) for many pairs n, r. In particular we obtain formulas for G(nt + r, n) for n = 19, 23, and 27, all 0 ⩽ r < n, and all sufficiently large t. And we obtain families of formulas for P(n, r, t) from families of trace-minimal graphs including bipartite graphs obtained from finite projective planes, generalized quadrilaterals, and generalized hexagons.
Management of skull base chordoma

Two management modal- ities appear to be important in treat- ing skull base chordomas: surgery and radiation therapy. Radical resec- tion of lesions of the distal sacrum (S3-S5) and coccyx may be curative, as total removal is often achieved. In contrast, complete resection of chor- domas of the base of the skull is rare- ly successful because of the inabil- ity to achieve a true complete surgi- cal resection. On the other hand, treatment of skull base chordomas by radiation therapy alone is often difficult owing to the large size of the lesion and the dose limitation imposed by the sensitivity of the adjacent structures. Local relapse is the predominant type of treatment failure of skull base chordoma. Skull base surgery and radiation therapy have significantly improved over the last 20 years. The following papers review the most significant recent analyses of therapeutic options in treating skull base chordomas. It seems that the combination of aggressive surgery followed by com- bined proton-photon radiation ther- apy offers the best chance of long- term local control to patients harbor- ing cranial chordomas.
Recovery of Native Flora and Behavioral Responses by Galerucella spp. Following Biocontrol of Purple Loosestrife

Abstract Goodyear Swamp Sanctuary, a wetland adjacent to Otsego Lake, Otsego County, New York, has been dominated by the invasive nonnative plant purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) since 1975. In June 1997 a combined total of 100 adult Galerucella calmariensis (L.) and G. pusilla (Duft) were introduced into the Sanctuary in an attempt to control loosestrife. Since then, annual spring and fall monitoring has been conducted on 5/m2 quadrats with the intention of evaluating the abundance of Galerucella spp. and their impact on loosestrife over time. Through 2000 Galerucella spp. populations increased, as did damage to loosestrife, though not to the extent of controlling its growth or seed production. During the summers of 2001 and 2002 loosestrife was decimated. Following those periods, ephemeral non-target feeding by Galerucella spp. was documented primarily on red osier (Cornus stolonifera) in 2001 and speckled alder (Alnus rugosa) in 2002 with three other species being grazed to a lesser degree. No...