cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On profiles of hydrogenic spectral lines under stochastic electric fields of plasma turbulence: Applications to diagnostics of the Langmuir turbulence

Abstract Studies of the effects of various oscillatory electric fields on hydrogenic spectral lines have a long history. Over the years various effects of a monochromatic linearly-polarized electric field were analyzed and applied to spectroscopic diagnostics of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. Then in 1996 a paper was published where the author analyzed how profiles of hydrogen spectral lines are affected by a multi-mode non-monochromatic linearly-polarized electric field E(t). Specifically it concerned the situation where the power spectrum of the field E(t) has the Lorentzian form. In the present paper we obtained a general analytical result for the shape of hydrogenic (i.e., hydrogen and hydrogenlike) spectral lines under the same kind of the field E(t), but whose power spectrum has the Gaussian form. We consider this kind of electric field to be caused by the Langmuir turbulence in plasmas. We show that if the power spectrum of the field is Gaussian, then for the relatively small value of the average Langmuir field, the profile of each Stark component is Lorentzian, while for the relatively large value of the average Langmuir field, the profile of each Stark component is Gaussian. We analyze theoretical profiles of the hydrogenic Ly-beta line under the Langmuir field of either one of the above two kinds of the power spectrum. On the basis of this analysis, we propose a new diagnostic method allowing for the first time not only to measure experimentally the average field of the Langmuir turbulence in dense plasmas, but also to find out the information on the power spectrum of the Langmuir turbulence. This diagnostic method is not limited to using the Ly-beta line: it would work while using other intense hydrogenic spectral lines that do not have the central Stark components, such as, e.g., Ly-delta, Balmer-beta, and Balmer-delta.
October Term 2019 in Review: Blue June

Over the past 225 years, the Supreme Court witnessed two presidential impeachment trials and two pathogenic shutdowns. This past winter, Chief Justice John Roberts presided over both in the span of two months—and those weren’t even the biggest headlines of the year! This term had it all: guns, abortion, DACA, Little Sisters, LGBT discrimination, Trump’s tax returns, and more. Plus, don’t forget Court packing, Chief Justice Kagan, and Blue Monday. Welcome to the October Term 2019. This Essay is inspired by Dave Barry’s satirical year-in-review columns. I hope to make it an annual tradition.
Pp90RSK Isoforms Play Distinct Roles during Hematopoiesis

Ribosomal S6 Kinases (RSKs) include a family of serine/threonine kinases that regulate cell proliferation and survival. In humans, four RSK isoforms (RSK1-4) have been identified. Although they are 73-80% conserved in sequence homology, RSK isoforms are reported to have distinct functions. RSKs phosphorylate cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) which is a regulator of hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation. RSK1 is hyperactivated in AML and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, inhibition of RSK requires understanding of its role during normal hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the role of RSK isoforms during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis has not been well characterized. To study the expression of RSK isoforms in hematopoiesis, we cultured human cord blood CD34+ (CBCD34+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in differentiating media containing SCF, Flt3L, TOP, IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF, and EPO and performed qPCR with mRNA of the RSK isoforms at different stages of maturation up to 14 days. RPS6KA1 (RSK1) was expressed throughout hematopoiesis, but RPS6KA3 (RSK2) and RPS6KA2 (RSK3) showed higher expression by 2-fold (p To study the requirement of RSK isoforms during hematopoiesis, we knocked down RSK expression by transducing lentivirus expressing isoform-specific shRNAs or scramble controls into human CBCD34+ cells. On day 5 following transduction, cells were sorted and plated in methylcellulose media and assessed for the colony-forming activity of RSK knockdown in HSPCs. While RSK3 knockdown increased BFU-E colonies by 1.5-fold (p These data demonstrate that RSK1 and RSK3 exert opposite functions during erythroid and myeloid differentiation of HSPCs, suggesting a novel role for RSK isoforms as a determinant of early fate decisions of HSCs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Tutorial on Artificial Neural Networks in Propensity Score Analysis

Artificial neural networks (NN) can help researchers estimate propensity scores for quasi-experimental estimation of treatment effects because they can automatically detect complex interactions inv...
Housing Demand, Savings Gluts and Current Account Dynamics

I show that, across and within countries, both the expansion and shrinking of the Global Imbalances since the mid 1990s are strongly correlated with the dynamics of housing markets. Then I study a quantitative model which can account for both the dynamics of housing and the global imbalances without any role for exchange rate driven expenditure switching. Housing demand drivers (population, LTV, housing expectations) alone imply counterfactual interest rate dynamics. Savings glut shocks alone generate the wrong housing price-to-rent ratios. Both types of shocks need to be combined. Counterfactuals using the model suggest that, as long as loan-to-values are regulated and housing expectations are not very optimistic, the large global imbalances of the mid-2000s are unlikely to return.
“I grieve because I loved her:” Bereaved parents’ perceptions of a mindfulness-based retreat

Mindfulness-based interventions have recently been applied to grief-related distress. However, little is known about how bereaved participants experience them. This study explored bereaved parents' experiences of a mindfulness-based grief retreat through semi-structured interviews with 19 participants. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed to gain an understanding of how participants experienced the retreat and its perceived effect on their lives. Four themes representing the perceived benefits of the retreat emerged: psychoeducation, mindfulness, mutual support and understanding, and relationships. The mindfulness-based retreat was generally experienced as beneficial in coping with the death of a child.
One, Two, Sort the Shoe; Three, Four, Win Some More: The Rhyme and Reason of Phil Ivey’s Advantage Play at the Borgata

In the 1940’s film, “My Little Chickadee,” when a novice gambler asks if poker is a game of chance, W.C. Fields, a well-known comedic actor, playing Cuthbert J. Twillie, responded “Not the way I play it, no.” That familiar quote represented crooked card games played by Fields’ many characters in a variety of movies. But there is a difference between cheating and playing with an advantage. For example, one who has a large vocabulary has an advantage playing Scrabble!, but that advantage is not cheating. The Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey and Phil Ivey, a famous poker player, debated in federal court whether having an advantage is illegal after Ivey won almost $10 million using an advantage that the Borgata, like a younger sibling who just lost a board game to an older sibling, cried was unfair. But what about the Borgata’s advantage? All casinos have a house advantage, among others, so it seems only fair that players are entitled to use an advantage too.
The Role of Open-Source Software in Artificial Intelligence

With this publication, we launch a new column for AI Magazine on the role of open-source software in artificial intelligence. As the column editor, I would like to extend my welcome and invite AI Magazine readers to send short articles for future columns, which may appear in the traditional print version of AI Magazine, or on the AI Magazine interactive site currently under development. This introductory column serves to highlight my interests in open-source software and to propose a few topics for future columns.
Through-container quantitative analysis of hand sanitizers using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy

The COVID-19 pandemic created an increased demand for hygiene supplies such as hand sanitizers. In response, a large number of new domestic or imported hand sanitizer products entered the US market. Some of these products were later found to be out of specification. Here, to quickly assess the quality of the hand sanitizer products, a quantitative, through-container screening method was developed for rapid and non-destructive screening. Using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) and support vector regression (SVR), active ingredients (e.g., type of alcohol) of 173 commercial and in-house products were identified and quantified regardless of the container material or opacity. Alcohol content in hand sanitizer formulations were predicted with high accuracy $$(R^2\, > \,0.98)$$ using SVR and $$94\%$$ of the substandard test samples were identified. In sum, a SORS-SVR method was developed and used for testing medical countermeasures used against COVID-19, demonstrating a potential for high-volume testing during public health threats. By combining spatially-offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) with chemometrics, the authors demonstrate rapid, through-container analysis of commercial hand sanitizers. Both ethanol/isopropanol and contaminant alcohols are quantified regardless of container material or opacity.
Dentists as Primary Care Providers: Expert Opinion on Predoctoral Competencies

Dentistry and medicine traditionally practice as separate professions despite sharing goals for optimal patient health. Many US residents experience both poor oral and general health, with difficulty accessing care. More efficient collaboration between these professions could enhance health. The COVID-19 pandemic disclosed further disparities while underscoring concerns that physician supply is inadequate for population needs. Hence, enhancing healthcare provider education to better meet the public’s health needs is critical. The proposed titles “Oral Physician” or “Oral Health Primary Care Provider" (OP-PCP) acknowledge dentists’ capacity to diagnose and manage diseases of the orofacial complex and provide some basic primary healthcare. The US Surgeon General’s National Prevention Council and others recommend such models. Medical and dental education already overlap considerably, thus it is plausible that dental graduates could be trained as OP-PCPs to provide primary healthcare such as basic screening and preventive services within existing dental education standards. In 2018, 23 dental and medical educators participated in an expert-opinion elicitation process to review educational competencies for this model. They demonstrated consensus on educational expansion and agreed that the proposed OP-PCP model could work within existing US Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) standards for predoctoral education. However, there were broader opinions on scope of practice details. Existing CODA standards could allow interested dental programs to educate OP-PCPs as a highly-skilled workforce assisting with care of medically-complex patients and to helping to reduce health disparities. Next steps include broader stakeholder discussion of OC-PCP competencies and applied studies including patient outcome assessments.
Keeping It in the Family: Brand Switching between Varieties of a Branded House

Brand loyalty is often perceived as synonymous with the flagship brand or even parent brand through consumer surveys. Yet, many successful parent brands have extended into new product categories or as line extensions within the same product category. Using panel data, we show that what appears to be brand loyalty is really line loyalty: consumers that are brand loyal at face value are truly loyal to a line extension within the brand, in some cases even more loyal than the flagship brand. The implication for marketing academics is that the construct of brand loyalty should be redefined for line extension loyalty, and that marketing managers should utilize line extension loyalty switching as measure for line extension success.
Research in Basic Science Influence of Endotoxin‐Induced Fever on the Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in the Rabbit Model

To assess fever-induced changes in theophylline pharmacokinetics in the rabbit model, six healthy, male, New Zealand white rabbits were studied using a randomized, matched-pair design. In treatment 1, 15 mg/kg of theophylline was infused into the left marginal ear vein, and several blood samples were collected from the opposite ear for 10 hours. Treatment 2 was conducted in an identical manner, except 20 to 40 micrograms/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin was injected into the left marginal ear vein to induce fever. The majority of the rabbits had slight decreases in the slowest disposition rate constant and increases in the volume of distribution at steady state; however, total body clearance was only minimally (5%) changed. No statistically significant differences were noted between these values (Hotelling T2 = 0.32). Given the sample and methods, fever apparently does not affect theophylline pharmacokinetics.
Lip Prints: Admissibility of Comparison Results

Comparing the image of a human lip impressed on an object associated with a crime scene, such as a glass, paper cup, or other surface, with that of the lips of a suspect, has been asserted by crime scene investigators to offer potentially useful evidence in identifying defendants in criminal cases. Often, it has been suggested that such traces have individualization value, though little scientific research has been published on the topic. No books or scientific literature exists examining the persistence of lip creases; and there is little information to be found on how similar or different such crease markings may be among people. Nor have generally accepted examination methodologies been described and tested. Although frequently mentioned in criminal investigation books as providing valid evidence of identity, lip impressions have rarely featured in actual casework, because the technique is not one of the recognized forensic disciplines. This article discusses the only appellate court decision in a criminal case involving the admissibility of evidence of a lip print comparison; it also considers the evidentiary standard by which admissibility has been judged. Keywords: lip prints; lip impression comparison; opinion evidence; admissibility of; scientific conclusions; impression evidence; general acceptance
Accretion as an energy source for pre-main sequence stars

The strongest argument that accretion can be an important energy source during some stages of pre-main sequence evolution is provided by the eruptions of FU Orionis objects. Radiation from the pre-main sequence star itself is a small fraction of the system luminosity, so it is relatively straightforward to infer the properties of the disk from direct observations. Various data, including the behavior of the light curve, the low resolution spectral energy distribution, and the structure of absorption features, are consistent with the idea that the luminosity observed in an FU Ori event is provided by viscous accretion onto a normal TTS.
Histamine (?) Toxicity from Fish Products

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses about histamine toxicity from fish products, often called scombroid poisoning, generally involves the ingestion of scombroid fish from the families Scomberesocidae and Scombridae. Scombroid fish include saury, tuna, bonito, seerfish, butterfly kingfish, and mackerel. The free histidine can, under certain conditions, be decarboxylated by some bacteria to produce high levels of histamine. Scombroid fish poisoning clinically resembles that of histamine poisoning intoxication, although controversy still exists as to whether histamine ingested orally is actually toxic, whether histamine is the sole toxic factor or not. It is generally found at high concentrations in foods causing scombroid poisoning. “Samma sakuraboshi” was incriminated in many of the Japanese histamine and histamine–like fish poisonings. The incriminated fish generally contains histamine levels in excess of 100 mg%. No fish could be obtained for chemical analysis, but the outbreak was presumed to be caused by bacterial degradation of histidine to histamine. It is most likely that the histamine produced by autolysis was because of previous bacterial contamination or unsterile conditions during experimentation, thus enabling histamine production by the contaminating microorganisms. However, the use of ammonia levels as a freshness indicator becomes unreliable when fish are kept at a room temperatures of 20°C. Several studies of bacterial histidine decarboxylase have indicated that the addition of vitamins and coenzymes did not enhance histamine formation. Histamine formation in aerated cultures, achieved by the addition of bubbled gas, was much less than that from anaerobic and aerobic cultures.
Relevance of race and ethnicity for self-reported functional limitation.

It is unclear whether older adults of different race or ethnicity vary in the ways they perceive functional limitations. Variation in such self-reports may be relevant clinically, because many diagnoses (and subsequent care) depend on self-reported disability. To examine this question, self-reported hand function was compared with performance-based assessment of strength (hand dynamometer) and dexterity (Moberg Pick-Up Test) in white (n = 102), African-American (n = 67), and Hispanic (n = 196) elderly people. Participants were Medicare beneficiaries from northern Manhattan, New York City, aged 70 and older. In adjusted analyses, self-reported hand function was associated with weaker grip strength in African-American and Hispanic participants but not in white participants. Self-reported difficulty with hand function was associated with poorer dexterity in all three groups. Similar results were observed in the subsample of participants with arthritis. These results suggest that culture or socioenvironmental differences associated with culture may influence reports of functional limitation.
Evaluation of initial dofetilide dosing recommendation based on actual body weight in overweight and obese patients.

Summary What is known and objective The dofetilide label recommends using actual body weight (ABW) to calculate the Cockcroft–Gault creatinine clearance (CrCl) for the determination of the initial dose; however, few studies have attempted to evaluate this dosing recommendation in overweight and obese patients. We evaluated whether the current dofetilide dosing recommendation based on ABW is appropriate in overweight and obese patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at two large academic medical centres in the United States on overweight and obese patients (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) who were newly started on dofetilide based on ABW. Patients were categorized into (i) the different-dose group if their CrCl calculated based on the ideal body weight (IBW) resulted in a lower initial dofetilide dose compared with ABW-based CrCl and (ii) the same-dose group if they would have the same initial dose based on IBW and ABW. The primary outcome was dofetilide dose reduction or discontinuation due to prolongation of the corrected QT interval during the first 3 days of dofetilide therapy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors predicting the risk of primary outcome. Results and discussion Of the 132 patients included in the study, 29 (22·0%) were in the different-dose group and 40 (30·3%) had the primary outcome. The per cent of patients with the primary outcome was not statistically significantly different between the different-dose and same-dose groups (37·9% vs. 28·2%; P = 0·31). Diabetes mellitus was a significant predictor for the primary outcome (odds ratio 2·54; 95% confidence interval 1·05–6·15). What is new and conclusion Our study provides the evidence on the safety of the current dofetilide dosing recommendation in overweight and obese populations in clinical practice. Current ABW-based dofetilide dosing is reasonable in overweight and obese patients.
Towards pervasive robotics

Abstract : In the near future, pervasive robotics will require small, light, and cheap robots that exhibit complex behaviors. These demands led to the development of the M2-M4 Macaco project -- a robotic active vision head. Macaco is a portable system, capable of emulating the head of different creatures both aesthetically and functionally. It integrates mechanisms for social interactions, autonomous navigation, and object analysis.
Oscillatory activity in the cerebellar hemispheres of unrestrained rats

Hartmann, Mitra J. and James M. Bower. Oscillatory activity in the cerebellar hemispheres of unrestrained rats. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1598–1604, 1998. We recorded multiunit neural activity in the gr...
O que chamamos veado, com qualquer outro nome: preocupações sociais com sexualidade não-normativa e auto-imagem em Porto Alegre, Brasil

Esta apresentacao examina preocupacoes com a auto-imagem em conversas cotidianas sobre homossexualidade - de"piadas de veado" a declaracoes sobre direitos de gays e lesbicas - entre moradores de vila na cidade de Porto Alegre. Aplicando insights sociolinguisticos a analise de quatro estudos de caso etnograficos elaborados entre 2002 e 2003, considero o modo como interlocutores, referindo-se a formas nao-normativas de desejo, identidade e praticas sexuais, recorrem a uma variedade de discursos de genero e sexualidade - inclusive de machismo, ciencia e medicina, e de direitos sexuais - e como o uso destes discursos fica sujeito a preocupacoes generificadas com auto-imagem. Neste contexto, examino tambem dinâmicas interpessoais e proficiencias discursivas que encorajam a percepcao de que um interlocutor possa ser homofobico ou anti-gay, bem como os passos retoricos seguidos por um interlocutor para minimizar esta possibilidade.
The Role of Gaze in the Initiation of Conversation

The initiation of conversation presents a problem for the unacquainted. Goffman (1963) has argued that in contrast to acquaintances, unacquainted persons require a reason to converse. Thus, in order to avoid embarrassment should one per? son not want an encounter, polite unac? quainted persons should subtly determine whether the other wants a conversation before risking an attempt. One way this can be accomplished is through a violation of civil inattention. Goffman (1963) has proposed that civil inattention is the fundamental rule governing gaze among un? acquainted persons, the rule being that persons owe one another an initial giving of visual attention followed by a withdrawal of attention to indicate that the other is of no special concern. By giving visual attention in excess of a first look a person can indicate that an encounter is desired without actually speaking. The specific aim of this study is to describe the role of gaze in the initiation of conversa? tion between unacquainted students to determine whether the pattern fits Goffman's model.
Oxygen isotopes in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from enstatite chondrites: new evidence for a single CAI source in the solar nebula

Calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) from enstatite chondrites have large 16O excesses, similar to CAIs in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites, and are also similar in morphology, mineralogy and Al–Mg isotopic systematics. These similarities provide new evidence that most CAIs might have formed in a single, restricted nebular locale and were then distributed unevenly throughout the various chondrite accretion regions.
Carbon Pollution Guidelines Proposed by EPA

A proposal released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on 2 June would, for the first time, cut carbon pollution from existing fossil fuel–fired electric-generating units, which EPA says accounts for about one third of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States.
Aripiprazole and haloperidol in the treatment of delirium.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole and haloperidol in the amelioration of distressing symptoms of delirium and its motoric subtypes.Methods: At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, we prospectively collected sociodemographic and medical data and systematically rated all patients diagnosed with delirium with the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS), Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and the abbreviated Udvalg Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU) at the initial diagnosis of delirium (T1), after 48–72 h (T2) and 7 days later (T3). All collected information was entered into a delirium database. For our analysis, we subsequently extracted data on aripiprazole (ARI) treated patients to compare to case-matched haloperidol (HAL) treated patients.Results: We retrieved 21 patients treated with aripiprazole and 21 case-matched patients treated with haloperidol. Initial MDAS scores did not significantly differ between the groups. Over the course of treatment (...
Multilevel lateral extra-cavitary corpectomy and reconstruction for non-contiguous metastatic lesions to the spine: case report and literature review

In patients with metastatic disease to their spine and compromise of neurologic function, the challenge is to accomplish decompression of the neural elements and maintain mechanical stability but limit the risk and morbidity to the patient. In this case report the lateral extracavitary approach is employed to accomplish these tasks through a single approach in a patient with multiple non-contiguous sites of dorsal as well as ventral cord compression.
Isolation and culture of testicular macrophages from a seasonally breeding species, Phodopus sungorus. Evidence for functional differences between macrophages from active and regressed testes

We have developed an isolation and cultivation protocol for testicular macrophages from the seasonally breeding Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus which allows serum-free culture. Macrophages were isolated from the active testes of adult Phodopus kept in long photoperiod (LD, 18hL:6hD), and from the inactive testes of animals with gonadal regression induced by exposure to a short photoperiod (SD, 6hL;18hD; for 10 weeks). The isolated cells were identified as macrophages by (a) electron microscopy, (b) non-specific phagocytosis, and (c) the presence of Fc-receptors. Treatment of the cultures with oFSH (at 0.5 and 1 micrograms ml-1 for 1 and 4 days) significantly stimulated lactate secretion by testicular macrophages from LD hamsters, as expected from studies in the rat. In marked contrast, oFSH did not affect lactate secretion by testicular macrophages from SD hamsters, or by peritoneal macrophages. To test possible macrophage-Leydig cell interactions, the influence of testicular macrophage-conditioned medium (TM-CM) from FSH-responsive LD macrophage cultures was assessed and compared with the effect of peritoneal macrophage-conditioned medium (PM-CM) on testosterone production by testicular parenchyma from LD hamsters. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to previous reports in rats, testosterone production by testes was inhibited significantly by TM-CM from cultures pretreated with either 0.1 or 0.5 micrograms FSH ml-1. FSH alone stimulated testosterone production (due either to LH contamination or to possible paracrine effects). PM-CM from cultures pretreated with FSH did have an inhibitory effect. It is concluded that: (i) There is indirect evidence for the presence of functional FSH receptors on macrophages from the active testes of Phodopus. (ii) Testicular macrophages from inactive testes of Phodopus are not responsive to FSH, implicating impaired macrophage function in the regressed testes of Phodopus exposed to SD. (iii) Testicular macrophages produce a factor which can inhibit testosterone production by incubated testicular tissue.
Fission fragment ionization mass spectrometry of polyethers

Abstract The complete fission fragment ionization mass spectra of three polyether oligomer samples have been measured and spectra in the molecular weight region only have been measured for two other samples with known number average molecular weights. The samples consist of methoxypolyethylene glycols with nominal average molecular weights of 750 and 2000 and lauryloxypolyethylene glycol with nominal average molecular weight of 1200. The spectra consist of a series of quasi-molecular ions, four series of ions produced by identified fragmentation processes, and low mass fragment ions produced by unidentified processes. The quasi-molecular ion series are used to obtain average molecular weights for the samples. The agreement between the known number average molecular weights and the corresponding values derived from the mass spectra was excellent. The relative amount of quasi-molecular ions declines with increasing average molecular weight of the polymer sample. More fragmentation is observed with Li + adducts of the polymers than with Na + adducts.
A soldering index made with 4-META adhesive resin

Abstract Soldering indexes are most often made of fast-setting impression plaster or autopolymerizing resin. Lack of adhesive bonding between these materials and the castings requires the use of a bulky index to support the fixed partial denture components. The advent of adhesive resins improves the quality of the index and simplifies the procedure. A procedure for making a soldering index with 4-META adhesive resin is described that involves direct bonding of the resin to the metal castings. This procedure is accurate, simple, and time-saving. It can be used inside or outside the mouth, in prosthodontic or implant dentistry.
Dynamic management of guaranteed-performance multimedia connections

Most of the solutions proposed to support real-time (i.e., guaranteed performance) communication services in packet-switching networks adopt a connection-oriented and reservation-oriented approach. In such an approach, resource allocation and route-selection decisions are made before the start of the communication on the basis of resource availability and real-time network load at that time, and are usually kept for the duration of the communication. This ratherstatic resource-management approach has certain limitations. It does not take into account (a) the dynamics of the communicating clients; (b) the dynamics of the network state; and (c) the tradeoff between quality of service and network availability, thus affecting theavailability andflexibility of the real-time network services. Availability is the ability of the network to accommodate as many real-time clients as possible, while flexibility is the ability to adapt the real-time services to the changing state of the network and the client demands. In this paper, we present the dynamic connection management (DCM) scheme, which addresses these issues by providing the network with the capability of dynamically modifying the performance parameters and the routes of any existing real-time connection. With this capability, DCM can be used to increase the availability and flexibility of the guaranteed-performance service offered to the clients.
Interpersonal Weight-Related Pressure and Disordered Eating in College Women: A Test of an Expanded Tripartite Influence Model

Research has demonstrated that interpersonal weight-related pressures and criticisms are related to body dissatisfaction among college women. Further, research has suggested that romantic partners, in comparison to family and peers, play an increasingly important role in college women’s body dissatisfaction. However, research has been inconsistent on the roles that these sources of interpersonal weight-related pressure and criticism play in college women’s body dissatisfaction. The influence of romantic partners on college women’s body dissatisfaction is important to examine given that college women are developmentally at a time in their lives where issues related to romantic relationships become more salient. Even more, understanding of the influences on college women’s body dissatisfaction and resultant disordered eating is critical so that effective prevention and intervention efforts can be developed. Thus, this study examined the influence of family, peer, romantic partner, media weight-related pressures and criticisms on body dissatisfaction and resultant disordered eating (i.e., dieting and bulimic behaviors) among college women. Participants included undergraduate college women (N = 246) recruited from introductory psychology courses from a mid-sized U.S. Midwestern university. Women completed paper and pencil surveys for course credit. Path analytic results demonstrated that partner and media pressures were related to internalization of the thin ideal, and that family, peer, and media pressures along with internalization of the thin ideal were related to body dissatisfaction. Moreover, body dissatisfaction was related to maladaptive dieting and bulimic behaviors. Prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing the impact of various forms of weight-related pressure, especially the media, appear crucial.
Evaluation of training by trainers

A discussion of some obstacles that an evaluator of training confronts and of promising directions for more successful practice.
Reading disability subtypes and the test of memory and learning.

Abstract For Study 1, 24 readers with dysphonetic dyslexia and 21 with dyseidetic dyslexia, classified by Boder criteria, were compared to 90 control group participants (45 matched for age and 45 for reading level) on the Composite Memory Index (CMI) score from the Test of Memory and Learning ( TOMAL ). CMI scores were significantly lower for children with dyslexia ( p .0001). Plotting average subtest score profiles for all reader groups revealed auditory sequential memory impairments for both types of readers with dyslexia, and multiple strengths for good readers. Dysphonetic and dyseidetic dyslexia profiles were nearly identical. For Study 2, average linkage cluster analysis was performed using principal components derived from subtests of the TOMAL . Homogeneous clusters of normal readers and children with reading disabilities emerged. Results indicated that qualitatively distinct subtypes of readers with dyslexia exist.
Ethnicity and geriatric psychiatry.

We are witnessing a demographic explosion of diversity in our elderly population. It is anticipated by 2050 that the proportion of African American and Hispanic elders in the United States will approximately double and triple, respectively. 1 Racial and ethnic minority elders are also confronted with health disparities resulting in subsequent poorer health than their white counterparts. It is therefore critical to increase our awareness and knowledge of health issues related to racial and ethnic minorities. The lead articles for this theme issue— Ethnicity and Geriatric Psychiatry— offer exciting new data on mental health disorders among older ethnic minorities and older African Americans in particular. 2– 4
Spherical distributions on nilmanifolds

Abstract Let N be a connected nilpotent Lie group and Γ be a discrete subgroup for which M = Γ \ N is compact. Let R be the regular representation of N in L 2 ( M ). Projections onto primary (irreducible) subspaces of R are given by convolution against distributions (the spherical distributions). In this paper we give formulas and several characterizations for these distributions. We apply these results in a specific case to the study of theta functions.
Intersubject Variability in the Anticoagulant Response to Heparin in Vitro

The significance of baseline coagulation times and plasma concentrations of serine protease inhibitors as determinants of the relationship between heparin activity and its anticoagulant effect has been investigated in vitro. Citrated plasma was prepared from blood obtained from 20 normal subjects, and heparin added to yield concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.5 units/ml. The anticoagulant effect was determined by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT). An excellent linear relationship was observed between the natural logarithms (ln) of the coagulation times and heparin activity. Baseline APTT values ranged from 28.4 to 59.7 s and the slope values for the ln APTT vs heparin curves ranged from 1.488 to 3.427 ml/unit. Similar range was observed in the slope values for the ln TT vs heparin curves. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the ln APTT vs heparin slope values and the baseline APTT values (r: 0.905; p less than 0.001). There was also a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between plasma concentrations of alpha 2 macroglobulin and baseline APTT values (0.02 greater than 0 greater than 0.01) and slope values of the ln APTT vs heparin curves (0.02 greater than p greater than 0.01). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between plasma concentrations of alpha 1 antitrypsin and baseline TT values (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02) and slope values of the 1n TT vs heparin (0.02 greater than p greater than 0.01). Neither baseline APTT and TT values nor slope values of the ln APTT and TT vs heparin curves were statistically significantly related to plasma concentrations of antithrombin III, fibrinogen, or alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. This study has demonstrated that baseline APTT is a major determinant of the anticoagulant response to heparin in vitro, as determined by that same coagulation test, and it illustrates that there is a wide intersubject variation in the anticoagulant response to heparin in vitro.
Recent observations of the moon by spacecraft.

Lunar flyby, orbiting, and landing spacecraft in the last ten years have provided an excellent definition of the nature of the lunar surface, and important information about the lunar interior. Some of the major controversies concerning the Moon appear now to be resolved.
FACULTY RESPONSES TO ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENT HONOR CODES

Cheating among college students has generally been studied from a student perspective. The research discussed here looks at student cheating from a faculty perspective. Utilizing the responses of 789 faculty members at 16 institutions located throughout the United States, it examines typical faculty responses to incidents of student cheating and how the presence of a student honor code influences faculty responses. These findings are compared to student perspectives on how faculty address incidents of cheating using data collected from over 3,000 students at the same 16 institutions in an earlier phase of this research project.
Evaluating plyometric exercises using time to stabilization

Plyometric exercises are frequently used in strength and conditioning and rehabilitation programs because the landing phase of these exercises requires dynamic stabilization. This study examined the differences in landing stability of a variety of plyometric exercises by assessing time to stabilization (TTS), its reliability, and sex differences therein. Forty-nine men and women performed a variety of plyometric exercises thought to represent a continuum of difficulty of dynamic stabilization during landing. Plyometric exercises included line hops, cone hops, squat jumps, tuck jumps, countermovement jumps, dumbbell countermovement jumps, and single leg countermovement jumps, each performed for 3 repetitions on a force platform. A 2-way mixed analysis of covariance with repeated measures for plyometric exercise type was used to evaluate the main effects for plyometric exercise type and the interaction between plyometric exercise type and sex for TTS. Subject jumping ability was evaluated as a covariate. Results revealed significant main effects for plyometric exercise type (p 0.05). Practitioners who use plyometrics to train dynamic stability should create programs that progress the intensity of the exercises based on the results of this study. This study also demonstrated that TTS is moderately to highly reliable for a variety of jumping conditions for both men and women.
Obstetric conditions and erythropoietin levels.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate and compare erythropoietin levels as related to obstetric conditions, including acute and chronic bleeding, preeclampsia, and multiple gestations. Study Design: During April 1999 all women in the labor and delivery unit with delivery expected to occur within 24 to 72 hours of admission had erythropoietin and hematocrit values obtained. First-trimester hematocrit values, obstetric problems, medications, and history of vaginal bleeding were obtained from patient interview, examination, and the prenatal record. Statistics were analyzed by the Student t test and χ 2 . Results: During a 1-month period, 302 consecutive women were divided into 5 groups on the basis of obstetric events. Group 1 consisted of women with normal, uncomplicated term singleton gestations (n = 230); group 2, women with acute vaginal bleeding (n = 10); group 3, women with chronic vaginal bleeding (n = 29); group 4, women with multiple gestations (n = 13); and group 5, women with preeclampsia (n = 16). The mean erythropoietin level in group 1 (20.2 ± 10.3 mU/mL) was significantly different from values in the other 4 groups (group 2, 74.2 ± 29.2 mU/mL; group 3, 65.0 ± 33.0 mU/mL; group 4, 34.8 ± 16.8 mU/mL; group 5, 43.4 ± 11.4 mU/mL; P P P Conclusion: The maternal serum erythropoietin level varies depending on the events occurring during gestation. Acute and chronic bleeding, multiple gestations, and preeclampsia are all associated with various serum erythropoietin levels. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1055-7.)
Spectroscopic Evidence for a Common Electron Transfer Pathway for Two Tryptophan Tryptophylquinone Enzymes

Abstract Aromatic amine dehydrogenase (AADH) and methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) are the only two enzymes known to use the cofactor tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ). Each catalyzes oxidative deamination of a distinct class of primary amines. A detailed comparison of their circular dichroic spectra indicates that both proteins share a similar fold with their TTQ cofactors residing in similar environments and that this may be a useful diagnostic probe for TTQ enzymes. Alcaligenes faecalis cells induced to express AADH also express a large amount of the blue copper protein, azurin. Oxidized azurin is rapidly reduced by a catalytic amount of AADH in the presence of the substrate, tyramine. Three A. faecalis cytochromes-c and three other cytochromes-c were tested for electron transfer activity with AADH. Azurin markedly facilitated electron transfer from AADH to each cytochrome. This suggests that AADH and azurin may form an electron transfer complex with a c-type cytochrome, analogous to the crystallographically determined MADH-amicyanin-cytochrome c-551i complex (Chen, L., Durley, R. C. E., Matthews, F. S., and Davidson, V. L.(1994) Science 264, 86-90). The similarities of MADH and AADH plus the demonstration of azurin and multiple cytochromes as functional electron-transfer partners suggest that both TTQ-bearing enzymes share common mechanisms for oxidative deamination and subsequent electron transfer.
Short‐time Breadmaking Systems. Effect of Formulation, Additives, Temperature, and Flour Quality

An optimum formula for short-time breadmaking included flour (100%), yeast (5%), sugar (3%), salt (1.5%), shortening (3%), oxidant (100 ppm ascorbic acid and 60 ppm KBrO3), and optimum water. The minimum fermentation time for good volume was 15 min. Ambient temperature greatly affected baking performance, and formula changes would be required to produce optimum short-time bread at different temperatures. Baking the same flours by both short- and long-time baking methods gave poor correlations between loaf volumes and oxidant requirements.
Counterpoint: Interleukin-6 does not have a beneficial role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with involvement in such diverse physiological and pathological functions as innate immunity and acute phase response, hematopoiesis, liver regeneration, and repair ([1][1], [26][2]). Evidence also supports a role for IL-6 in glucose metabolism and
The distribution and frequency of microsatellite loci in Drosophila melanogaster

We report the results of a comprehensive search of Drosophila melanogaster DNA sequences in GenBank for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats of more than four repeat units, and a DNA library screen for dinucleotide repeats. Dinucleotide repeats are more abundant (66%) than tri- (30%) or tetranucleotide (4%) repeats. We estimate that 1917 dinucleotide repeats with 10 or more repeat units are present in the euchromatic D. melanogaster genome and, on average, they occur once every 60 kb. Relative to many other animals, dinucleotide repeats in D. melanogaster are short. Tri- and tetranucleotide repeats have even fewer repeat units on average than dinucleotide repeats. Our WorldWide Web site (http://www.bio.cornell.edu/genetics/aquadro/+ ++aquadro.html) posts the complete list of 1298 microsatellites (> or = five repeat units) identified from the GenBank search. We also summarize assay conditions for 70 D. melanogaster microsatellites characterized in previous studies and an additional 56 newly characterized markers.
Tests of separable expansions of the exchange kernel in inelastic electron collisions.

For inelastic scattering of electrons by several representative atomic systems, we test the validity of various separable expansions for the exchange kernel in terms of simple analytical basis functions such as Gaussian-type orbitals (GTO's). We find that bases of the order of from 10 to 20 GTO functions centered at the nucleus give an accurate representation of the nonlocal exchange terms and produce cross sections in excellent agreement with those from a traditional treatment of exchange.
Energy transfer from cis- and trans-decalin to benzene and toluene in their irradiated mixtures

Abstract The fluorescence from β- particle irradiation of cis- and trans-decalin containing benzene or toluene has been studied as a function of aromatic concentration from ⋍ 0.002 to 0.1 M and over a spectral range that encompasses both the solvent and aromatic fluorescence. By comparisons with the fluorescence obtained using sub-ionization excitation of the decalin, the effect of benzene and toluene to intrude into the geminate ion-pair decay process has been extracted and rate constants for their scavenging action obtained via fitting to the standard diffusion model. The rate constants are compared to those reported from microwave conductivity studies on the “escaped” mobile hole in these liquids. For the reaction between trans-decalin+ + toluene, the rates are in good agreement. However, for the reactions of either cis- or trans-decalin+ with benzene, the rate constants extracted from the fluorescence analysis are about an order of magnitude larger. The discrepancies suggest the existence of differences in the internal energies and structures of the decalin positive ions when observed on the very short time scale of geminate recombination (probed in the fluorescence measurements) and that which is observed on the much longer time scales that are probed in the microwave experiments. An analysis of the development of aromatic fluorescence permits extraction of the fraction of aromatic fluorescence that derives from ionic recombination (as opposed to energy transfer) and the averaged efficiency of this recombination. In all of the systems studied here the ionic fraction remains high (i.e. >;20%) even at millimolar concentrations of the aromatic.