cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Video Collaboratory as a Learning Environment

Video usage in educational environments has increased significantly with the expansion of online learning opportunities. However, current video-based applications used for learning are designed for passive consumption of video content and do not support small-group collaboration. Specifically, they lack interaction affordances for active and collaborative learning through video materials. In this paper, we present the affordances and user experience of a web-based video application called Video Collaboratory that is designed with multiple affordances for group-based learning around video content. We surveyed students and analyzed the use of the Video Collaboratory in an HCI course. Students found the Video Collaboratory helpful because they could learn from their peers. Students also used the application beyond the activities required for credit.
Securing IEEE 1687-2014 Standard Instrumentation Access by LFSR Key

IEEE 1687-2014 Standard provides an effective method for accessing on-chip instruments for testing, debugging and board configuration. The standard, however, causes a safety problem because anyone can access the chip instruments, set inputs and obtain safety critical information. In recent work, a lock in the segment insertion bit (SIB) and a corresponding unlocking key application procedure have been proposed for securing the 1687. This paper provides a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) based key generation mechanism that enhances the security of 1687 very significantly. By reconfiguring m (a small number) scan flip-flops into an LFSR that generates the key to unlock the SIB, we show a substantial increase in the expected break-in time.
Publick Stews and the genesis of public economics

In 1724, the anonymous essay A Modest Defence of Publick Stews (brothels) arrived in the bookshops of London. Now the essay is widely believed to be the work of Bernard Mandeville. In true heretical fashion, Mandeville detailed the social problems arising from the market in prostitution of his day. The genius of the work comes from the sophisticated tools, previously thought to be the product of the twentieth century, he utilized to analyse the market. These tools included the market failures of externalities and asymmetric information; government failures due to unintended consequences of public policies; and a proposal for regulating the market designed to alleviate these failings. Included in the proposal was a tax consistent with the principles of a first-best policy.
Physiology of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Current concepts.

PURPOSE: Increasing experience with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) associated with increasing knowledge about anorectal physiology has lead to a large number of publications. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current understanding of fecal continence as revealed by the evolution of the ileoanal procedure. METHODS: Review of the literature covering the most important physiologic parameters involved in fecal continence was undertaken. RESULTS: Rectoanal inhibitory reflex is probably absent after IPAA but is preserved when distal anorectal mucosa is spared. Anal resting pressure decreases but is less affected when the internal anal sphincter is less traumatized. Squeeze pressure is not importantly affected, and the importance of reservoir function as a determinant of stool frequency is emphasized. IPAA does not affect the coordination between pouch and anal canal motility in the majority of cases. Normal continence is preserved, even during the night, by preserving a gradient of pressure between the pouch and anal canal. CONCLUSIONS: Physiologic concepts are well established, but controversies about the continence mechanism related to IPAA remain. The IPAA procedure has allowed discrimination of details about the function of multiple structures involved in fecal continence.
Food Choice Changes in Aging Honey Bees

Changes in duties as honey bees age may relate to changes in innate feeding preferences of the worker bees.
Temperature Modifications of the Postirradiation Survival of the Lesser Grain Borer Adults

One-week-old Rlzyzopertha dominica (F,) adults were kept at 19, 25, 30, and 35°C following gamma irradiation with doses ranging from 5 to 80 kR given at 4200 R/minute. In general, the radiosensitivity of the beetle increased with elevation of the temperature following the treatment. A significant reduction in percent survival and duration of survival period occurred as the postirradiation temperature increased at all exposures. Furthermore, by lowering the temperature at which beetles were kept after irradiation, the onset of mortality was delayed by 5–10 days depending upon the exposure. In the control (unirradiated) group, beetles kept at 30°C lived longer as compared to any other temperature treatment.
Nanometer-Scale Phase Separation and Preferential Solvation in THF–Water Mixtures: Ultrafast Electron Hydration and Recombination Dynamics Following CTTS Excitation of I–

We use the sensitivity of the charge-transfer-to-solvent dynamics of tetrabutylammonium iodide (t–ba+ I–) to local solution environment to explore the microscopic heterogeneity of binary solutions ...
An incremental numerical method for calculation of residual stresses and strains in cold-formed steel members

Abstract The residual stresses and strains in cold-formed steel members are a result of the manufacturing process. It has been shown that the variation of residual stresses through the thickness of cold-formed steel members is not linear. In this study a numerical algorithm is developed to calculate the through-thickness variation of residual stresses and strains. The algorithm calculates the stresses and strains by viewing the manufacturing process as a combination of elasto-plastic bending and springback in a wide plate under plane strain conditions. In order to calculate the plastic deformations, the Prandtl-Reuss flow rule associated with von Mises yield criterion is used. With regard to satisfying the boundary conditions on the surface, the bisection method is used to find the location of the neutral axis. The results obtained via the proposed algorithm are verified with the available closed formed solutions, finite element analysis results and experimental measurements. A parametric study is performed to evaluate the effect of the coil radius and cross-sectional and material properties on the residual stresses and strains. It is shown that, while in the corner regions the most important parameter is the corner radius, it is the coil radius and yield stress that play a significant role in the variation of residual stresses and strains in the flat regions.
A Study on the Cost "Stickiness" Behavior of Chinese Listed Companies:Base on Difference Region of Economic Ecology

This paper empirically analyzes the difference cost "stickiness" behavior of the listed companies in manufacturing,based on classifying our country into the east economic area,the mid economic area and the west economic area.It is founded that the cost "stickiness" in listed companies in manufacturing exists obvious discrepancy among the difference economic districts.The east economic area is the weakest,the mid is second,and the west is the strongest.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF LARGE AMPLITUDE PLANE-POLARIZED ALFVEN WAVES

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the existence of large amplitude plane-polarized Alfven waves. It highlights transverse plane-polarized fluctuations in ideal infinitely conducting plasma, defined as perturbations where magnetic field fluctuations and velocity fluctuations are normal to the average (constant) background magnetic field. This assumption is in agreement with the theory of large-amplitude Alfven wave in a characteristic mode. The chapter discusses the system of MHD equations describing an ideal infinitely conducting plasma in a single adiabatic approximation. The chapter describes a plane-polarized transverse Alfven wave having nontrivial solution.
Puzzles in modern biology. I. Male sterility, failure reveals design

Many human males produce dysfunctional sperm. Various plants frequently abort pollen. Hybrid matings often produce sterile males. Widespread male sterility is puzzling. Natural selection prunes reproductive failure. Puzzling failure implies something that we do not understand about how organisms are designed. Solving the puzzle reveals the hidden processes of design.
Gender-Role Orientation and Preference for an Intimate Partner

Past research in the area of interpersonal attraction for intimate partners has attempted to ascertain if androgynous college students prefer other androgynous individuals as intimate partners (similarity hypothesis) and if gender-typed students prefer gender-typed individuals as intimate partners (complementarity hypothesis). This premise has not been unequivocally verified. Methodological limitations of these investigations is one potential reason for the equivocal findings. This study employed a methodological technique that addresses these possible limitations by defining similarity and complementarity as relationship processes and by considering them as extremes of a unidimensional continuum. College students were classified by gender-role orientation using the Bern Sex Role Inventory and were asked to report the attributes they would seek in a partner and offer to a partner. The results supported the common premise: gender-typed (and undifferentiated) students were more likely to report preference for a complementary relationship than androgynous students. Advantages of the methodological techniques employed in this study and its limitations are discussed.
Estimation of Eye Level: Normal Egocentric Vertical Attentional Biases (P01.002)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to learn if egocentric versus allocentric attentional tasks performed in right, center, or left hemispace will differentially influence normal participants9 vertical biases of spatial attention. BACKGROUND: Whereas allocentric (object-based) processing is mediated by the ventral occipito-temporal visual processing stream, egocentric (body-centered) processing is mediated by the dorsal parieto-occipital visual stream. Bilateral lesions of the dorsal stream impair downward attention, and bilateral lesions of the ventral stream impair upward attention. Based on this dichotomy, the finding that neurologically intact adults bisect vertical lines slightly above the midpoint has been has been attributed to activation of the ventral stream during this allocentric task. However, it has not been determined if allocation of egocentric attention will induce a lower spatial bias, and if there are right versus left hemisphere asymmetries in the mediation of allocentric versus egocentric vertical attention. DESIGN/METHODS: Twelve healthy right-handed adults marked their eye level along vertical lines (an egocentric task) or bisected the center of lines (an allocentric task), presented in midline (midsagittal plane) or to the left or right of midline. These lines were either vertically centered at eye level or primarily presented in upper or lower altitudinal space. RESULTS: Participants estimated eye level to be lower than actual eye level when lines were presented in left hemispace, and vertical line bisections deviated upwards the farthest when lines were presented in right hemispace. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest right hemisphere dominance for egocentric spatial processing and left hemisphere dominance for allocentric spatial processing in healthy right-handed adults. This finding is consistent with the observations that anosognosia, asomatognosia and egocentric spatial neglect are more commonly observed with right than left hemispheric parietal lesions; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism for these hemispheric differences in processing of spatial attention. Disclosure: Dr. Falchook has received personal compensation for activities with the University of Florida College of Medicine, the Institute for Advancement of Human Behavior, and PeerView Institute. Dr. Salazar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Johnson has nothing to disclose. Ms. Morales has nothing to disclose. Dr. Williamson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fischler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Heilman has received personal compensation for activities with law firms as a consultant. Dr. Heilman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Journal Watch.
Strategy & Entailments: The Enduring Role of Law in the U.S. Armed Forces

This essay aims to redescribe key moments in the history of American military engagements to account for a persistent role that law has played in these conflicts. The law of war tradition has persisted since the War of Independence, we argue, because of an internal dynamic that makes it both strategically useful and costly for the United States to commit itself to rule-bound warfare. Invoking the laws of war to advance the strategic interests of the United States, American soldiers and statesmen have found, entails consequences beyond their control, making reversals in position more costly and enabling critiques in the language of the law. These entailments, we argue, are built into the enduring strategic value of the laws of war. The law has remained useful not because it can claim perfect neutrality, but because it has force independent of the interests for which it is mobilized.
Early Detection of Peak Demand Days of Chronic Respiratory Diseases Emergency Department Visits Using Artificial Neural Networks

Chronic respiratory diseases, mainly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affect the lives of people by limiting their activities in various aspects. Overcrowding of hospital emergency departments (EDs) due to respiratory diseases in certain weather and environmental pollution conditions results in the degradation of quality of medical care, and even limits its availability. A useful tool for ED managers would be to forecast peak demand days so that they can take steps to improve the availability of medical care. In this paper, we developed an artificial neural network based classifier using multilayer perceptron with back propagation algorithm that predicts peak event (peak demand days) of patients with respiratory diseases, mainly asthma and COPD visiting EDs in Dallas County of Texas in the United States. The precision and recall for peak event class were 77.1% and 78.0%, respectively, and those for nonpeak events were 83.9% and 83.2%, respectively. The overall accuracy of the system is 81.0%.
Characterization of Few layer Tungsten diselenide based FET under Thermal Excitation

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are very promising with respect to their integration into optoelectronic devices. Monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is a direct-gap semiconductor with a bandgap of ~1.6eV, and is therefore a complement to other two-dimensional materials such as graphene, a gapless semimetal, and boron nitride, an insulator. The direct bandgap distinguishes monolayer WSe2 from its bulk and bilayer counterparts, which are both indirect gap materials with smaller bandgaps. This sizable direct bandgap in a two-dimensional layered material enables a host of new optical and electronic devices. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the effect of optical excitation on the transport properties in few-layer WSe2 is studied. Monolayer WSe2 flakes from natural WSe2 crystals were transferred onto Si/SiO2 (270nm) substrates by mechanical exfoliation. The flakes were observed under an optical microscope. A FET based on mechanically exfoliated WSe2 was fabricated using photolithography with Molybdenum as metal contact and Silicon as back gate and the electronic properties were measured in a wide range of temperatures. The mobility of our device was found to be 0.2 cm2/V-S at room temperature. The schottky barrier height was found to decrease from 80 meV to 25 meV as the gate voltage increases.
Comparative Analysis of the Structure and Function of AAA+ Motors ClpA, ClpB, and Hsp104: Common Threads and Disparate Functions

Cellular proteostasis involves not only the expression of proteins in response to environmental needs, but also the timely repair or removal of damaged or unneeded proteins. AAA+ motor proteins are critically involved in these pathways. Here, we review the structure and function of AAA+ proteins ClpA, ClpB, and Hsp104. ClpB and Hsp104 rescue damaged proteins from toxic aggregates and do not partner with any protease. ClpA functions as the regulatory component of the ATP dependent protease complex ClpAP, and also remodels inactive RepA dimers into active monomers in the absence of the protease. Because ClpA functions both with and without a proteolytic component, it is an ideal system for developing strategies that address one of the major challenges in the study of protein remodeling machines: how do we observe a reaction in which the substrate protein does not undergo covalent modification? Here, we review experimental designs developed for the examination of polypeptide translocation catalyzed by the AAA+ motors in the absence of proteolytic degradation. We propose that transient state kinetic methods are essential for the examination of elementary kinetic mechanisms of these motor proteins. Furthermore, rigorous kinetic analysis must also account for the thermodynamic properties of these complicated systems that reside in a dynamic equilibrium of oligomeric states, including the biologically active hexamer.
A Consensus Approach to Real-Time Distributed Control of Energy Storage Systems in Wind Farms

Today, the state-of-the-art wind generators (WGs) are double-fed induction generators that integrate storage devices into their systems. These WGs are expected to be among the largest producers of renewable energy worldwide in the coming years. In this paper, we propose a consensus approach to the distributed control of the energy storage systems (ESS) for carrying out real-time wind farm power output regulation with power-sharing among these storage devices. These two objectives can be attained when the controllers of the ESS and the grid-side converter (GSC) within a single WG are coordinated and the controllers of the GSCs of all WGs are coordinated with each other as well. Our approach is comprehensive, including a coordinated control architecture for the ESS and GSCs to attain the former objective and a consensus-based control architecture for coordinating all GSCs to attain the latter. Calling upon results from singular perturbation and Lyapunov’s theories, we establish stability of the coupled closed-loop dynamics of the ESS and the consensus protocol. Lastly, we construct the control algorithms for the GSC and the DC-DC converter which yield accomplishment of the desired control objectives. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations on the IEEE 24-bus power system under critical scenarios.
Tibet on Fire: Buddhism, Protest, and the Rhetoric of Self-Immolation

Starting in 1998 and accelerating for several years after 2009, some Tibetans began publicly burning themselves as an expression of political and religious discontent. These self-immolations contin...
Alcohol Delays the Onset of Puberty in the Female Rat by Altering Key Hypothalamic Events.

BACKGROUND Because alcohol (ALC) delays signs of pubertal development, we assessed the time course of events associated with the synthesis of critical hypothalamic peptides that regulate secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), the peptide that drives the pubertal process. METHODS Immature female rats were administered either laboratory chow or BioServe isocaloric control or ALC-liquid diets from 27 through 33 days of age. On days 28, 29, 31, and 33, animals were killed by decapitation and tissue blocks containing the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the rostral hypothalamic area (RHA) were isolated and stored frozen until assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Synthesis of dynorphin (DYN), a prepubertal inhibitor of LHRH secretion, was increased (p < 0.05) in the MBH of ALC-treated animals by day 29. DYN was further elevated (p < 0.01) on day 33 and was associated with an increase (p < 0.01) in DYN receptor expression. ALC did not affect synthesis of neurokinin B (NKB), a prepubertal stimulator of LHRH; however, it did suppress (p < 0.05) NKB receptor expression in the MBH by day 31. The most potent stimulator of prepubertal LHRH secretion, kisspeptin (Kp), was also decreased (p < 0.05) in the MBH as early as day 29, with continued suppression (p < 0.01) through day 33. Similar timely suppressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an immediate upstream regulator of Kp, were also noted. These decreases in mTOR and Kp were consistent with ALC stimulating (p < 0.05) the p-AMP-activated protein kinase/Raptor inhibitory pathway to mTOR on day 29, then later suppressing (p < 0.001) an Akt-mediated induction pathway to mTOR by day 31. In the RHA, ALC affected the pathways regulating Kp in a manner similar to that described in the MBH; however, these effects were not noted until day 33. CONCLUSIONS ALC acts within the MBH as early as 29 days to induce inhibitor and repressor inputs to LHRH, while depressing stimulatory inputs to the peptide. Collectively, these events lead to delayed signs of pubertal development.
Streaming clustering algorithms for foreground detection in color videos.

A new method is given for locating foreground objects in color videos.This is an essential task in many applications such as surveillance. The algorithm uses clustering techniques to permit flexibility and adaptability in the description of the background. The approach is an example of the streaming data paradigm of algorithms design, which only permits limited information to be retained about previous video frames. Experimental results show that it is an effective and robust technique.
Apparel design for zero waste: Exploring aesthetic preferences and purchase intentions as a function of zero waste design typicality and zero waste concept

This study investigated the individual and interaction effects of typicality and the ZW design concept on the aesthetic preference and purchase intentions for ZW designed apparel, providing critical insights for ZW designers to better understand consumer preferences. The study employed a 2 x 2 x 2 mixed factorial experimental design. A total of 152 participants completed the online survey. Participants preferred typical ZW dresses (long and short) aesthetically over atypical dresses. Further, the ZW design concept did not make a difference to this typicality-based preference or purchase intention for ZW dresses. Purchase intentions for typical ZW long dresses were greater than atypical. The main take-away for designers of ZW apparel is the critical role that typicality plays in consumer's aesthetic preferences and purchase intentions for ZW apparel.
Impact of Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients Who Underwent Implantation of Permanent Pacemaker After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Atrioventricular conduction disturbances requiring implantation of permanent pacemaker (PPM) are a common complication following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Previous registry data are conflicting but suggestive of an increased risk in heart failure admissions in the post-TAVI PPM cohort. Given the expanding use of TAVI, the present study evaluates the effects of chronic right ventricular pacing (RV pacing) in post-TAVI patients. This is a single-center study of 672 patients who underwent TAVI from 2011 to 2017 of which 146 underwent PPM. Follow-up 1-year post-TAVI outcome data were available for 55 patients and were analyzed retrospectively. Patients who underwent PPM were more likely to have heart failure admissions (17.1% vs 10.1%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 2.64; p 0.019) and a trend toward increased mortality (21.9% vs 15.4%; HR 1.42; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.05; p 0.062). At 1-year follow-up, 30 of 55 (54.5%) patients demonstrated >40% RV pacing. Compared with patients who had 40% RV pacing were more likely to have heart failure admissions (8% vs 40%; HR 5.0; 95% CI 1.23 to 20.27; p 0.007) and demonstrated a trend toward increased mortality (12% vs 33.3%; HR 2.78; 95% CI 0.86 to 9.00; p 0.064). This is suggestive that the post-TAVI PPM cohort is particularly sensitive to chronic RV pacing.
Landscape connectivity and conservation prioritization for an old forest species with limited vagility

Old forests are often patchily distributed in contemporary forested landscapes leading to conservation concerns for species dependent on these forest types. In the absence of broad‐scale recovery of old forests, conservation initiatives have emphasized connecting forested landscapes to facilitate movement of genes or individuals. We assessed forest connectivity for a low‐vagile arboreal rodent (red tree vole; Arborimus longicaudus), an obligate of old forests within a distinct population segment that is a candidate for listing under the US Endangered Species Act in the northern Oregon Coast Range (USA). Within the distinct population segment, old forests (>80 years old) have contracted by >80% in the previous century, comprise 10.9% of the contemporary landscape and reside in a matrix of young forests (20–80 years old). We combined complimentary graph and circuit theory metrics into spatial conservation prioritization to provide insights into the composition and function of the contemporary forested landscape and to identify potential conservation and research priorities for this area. Given average distances from patches of old forests (3.4 km), we predicted that connectivity can only be achieved if red tree voles move and settle iteratively through young forest matrix, which is suboptimal habitat. We found that the top 1% conservation priorities were a series of small, spatially central patches and several large patches located where old forest cover was most extensive. Most of these patches were in protected reserves. Up to 30% of the top 10% prioritization were forests outside of reserves, highlighting the potential for these forests to contribute to landscape connectivity for this low‐vagile species that is dependent on old forest.
The Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Young Adults With Diabetes in the U.S

OBJECTIVE We examined young adults with and young adults without diabetes by using demographic data and cardiometabolic risk profiles and compared the risk profiles of younger versus older (aged ≥45 years) adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016. Diabetes was defined by self-report of health care provider diagnosis or by A1C levels of 6.5% or higher among those without a self-reported diagnosis. The cardiometabolic risk profile included adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipids, healthy eating, physical activity (PA), and exposure to tobacco smoke. Adjusted difference in difference was calculated as the difference among younger adults with and younger adults without diabetes minus the difference among older adults with and older adults without diabetes. RESULTS Adults with diabetes in both age-groups had higher levels of adiposity, hypertension, and cholesterol and lower levels of healthy eating and leisure-time PA. However, the differences in high cholesterol and adiposity by diabetes status were greater among young adults compared with older adults after adjustment for demographics and health insurance status. Elevated lipids were 9.6 percentage points higher (95% CI 4.6, 14.5) and obesity was 37.3 percentage points higher (95% CI 31.8, 42.7) among young adults with diabetes compared with those without diabetes than among older adults with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with diabetes have high rates of cardiometabolic risk factors, which can lead to an increased disease prevalence and mortality rate among these individuals as they age.
0Impact of a Grid-connected Marine Hydrokinetic Farm on Distribution Systems

Electrical Power Systems are going under fundamental changes that consist, among others, in the modernization of generation, transmission and distribution technologies. In this context, the renewable energy sources are increasing their share in the distribution grid. Marine hydrokinetic farms represent an excellent alternative due to their great energetic potential, high predictability, and low environmental impact. This paper discusses the impact of the integration of a marine hydrokinetic farm with the electrical distribution network. By using power flow simulations, the behavior of the distribution network was analyzed due to the interconnection of a marine hydrokinetic farm. It was possible to identify that the power grid can easily absorb the tidal power generation improving the voltage profiles, decreasing the power flows and system power losses.
Non-Asymptotic Performance for Finite Blocklength Coding Over Nakagami-m Channels

The fifth generation (5G) wireless networks are expected to provide a wide range of time-sensitive multimedia services and applications to satisfy users' stringent requirements on delay-bounded quality of service (QoS). Finite blocklength coding theory can efficiently address the issue of delay-bounded QoS constraint guarantees, where mobile users send messages using packets with small numbers of bits to achieve low latency transmissions. In this paper, we employ the Nakagami-m fading model to analyze channel coding performance in the finite blocklength regime, in terms of average block error rate, capacity outage probability, and symbol error probability. We first derive closed-form expressions for upper and lower bounds on the average block error rate. Then, we compare these bounds with the capacity outage probability and show that the average block error rate is larger than the capacity outage probability. We also obtain a lower-bound in closed-form for the symbol error probability under M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK). Finally, we validate and evaluate our derived average block error rate bound, capacity outage probability, and symbol error probability in the finite blocklength regime through numerical analyses.
La inseparabilidad de la lógica y la ética

Este articulo fue publicado originalmente en ingles en la revista Free Inquiry (www.secularhumanism.org) Primavera 1989, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 37-40. Se reproduce con permiso del editor.
An internet-based mind/body intervention to mitigate distress in women experiencing infertility: A randomized pilot trial

Objective To determine if an internet-based mind/body program would lead to participants experiencing infertility (1) being willing to be recruited and randomized and (2) accepting and being ready to engage in a fertility-specific intervention. Secondary exploratory goals were to examine reduced distress over the course of the intervention and increased likelihood to conceive. Methods This was a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial with a between-groups, repeated measure design. Seventy-one women self-identified as nulliparous and meeting criteria for infertility. Participants were randomized to the internet-based version of the Mind/Body Program for Fertility or wait-list control group and asked to complete pre-, mid- and post-assessments. Primary outcomes include retention rates, number of modules completed, and satisfaction with intervention. Secondary exploratory outcomes sought to provide preliminary data on the impact of the program on distress (anxiety and depression) and self-reported pregnancy rates relative to a quasi-control group. Results The retention, adherence, and satisfaction rates were comparable to those reported in other internet-based RCTs. Although time between pre- and post-assessment differed between groups, using intent-to-treat analyses, women in the intervention group (relative to the wait-list group) had significant reduction in distress (anxiety, p = .003; depression, p = .007; stress, p = .041 fertility-social, p = .018; fertility-sexual, p = .006), estimated as medium-to-large effect sizes (ds = 0.45 to 0.86). The odds of becoming pregnant was 4.47 times higher for the intervention group participants as compared to the wait-list group, OR 95% CI [1.56, 12.85], p = .005 and occurred earlier. The findings suggest that the research design and program specific to this population are feasible and acceptable. Replication efforts with an active control group are needed to verify distress reduction and conception promotion findings.
Increased Responding for Alcohol and Resistance to Aversion in Female Mice.

Background More women are being diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD), are increasing the amount of alcohol they are drinking, and are partaking in risky drinking behaviors. Compulsive drinking which persists despite negative consequences is a hallmark of AUD. Preclinical aversion-resistant models suggest that females may be more vulnerable to the rewarding effects of alcohol such that they show increased compulsivity when drinking is punished with quinine, a bitter tastant. Methods Male and female C57BL/6J mice were trained in an operant response task on a first-order fixed ratio schedule. Experiment 1 tested responding for escalating concentrations (10 to 25%) of ethanol (EtOH). Experiment 2 assessed the effects of increasing concentrations of quinine (100, 250, or 500 μM) on responding for 10% EtOH followed by a 48-hour 2-bottle choice quinine preference test. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of increasing concentrations of quinine (100, 250, or 500 μM) on responding for 2.5% sucrose. Results Experiment 1 revealed that females respond more than males for 15% EtOH. Experiment 2 showed that females tolerate higher concentrations of quinine in EtOH than males. Males reduced responding for 10% EtOH when adulterated with 250 or 500 µM of quinine, while females did not reduce responding at any concentration of quinine. Males and females also exhibited similar preference for quinine in a 2-bottle drinking task. Experiment 3 demonstrated that both males and females reduced responding for 2.5% sucrose when quinine (100, 250, or 500 μM) was added. Conclusions Females respond more for EtOH at higher concentrations and continue to respond for 10% EtOH at all concentrations of quinine, suggesting that female mice are more motivated to respond for EtOH in an operant self-administration paradigm than males. Understanding behavioral and mechanistic sex differences in responding for alcohol will allow for the advancement of treatments for women with AUD.
Evaluating Trends and Outcomes of Spinal Deformity Surgery in Cerebral Palsy Patients.

ABSTRACT Background: There is a paucity of literature examining surgical trends and outcomes in both child and adult cerebral palsy (CP) patients. We aimed to evaluate surgical trends, complications, length of stay, and charges for spinal deformity surgery in CP patients. Methods: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2001 to 2013, patients with CP scoliosis who underwent spinal fusion surgery were identified. Patient characteristics and comorbidities were recorded. Trends in spinal fusion approaches were grouped as anterior (ASF), posterior (PSF), or combined anterior-posterior (ASF/PSF). Complication rates, length of stay, and charges for each approach were analyzed. Bivariate analyses using adjusted Wald tests and multivariate analyses using linear (logarithmic transformation) and logistic regressions were performed. Results: Of the 5191 adult CP patients who underwent spinal fusion the majority underwent PSF (86.5%), followed by the ASF/PSF approach (9.3%). The rate of PSF for cerebral palsy patients with spinal deformity increased significantly per 1 million people in the US population (0.90 to 1.30; P = .048). Complication rate, hospital length of stay, and charges were higher for patients undergoing ASF/PSF (P Conclusion: Combined ASF/PSF in patients with CP accounted for only 9.3% of surgical cases but was associated with the longest hospital stay, highest charges, and increased complications. Further scrutiny of the surgical indications and preoperative risk stratification should be undertaken to minimize complications, reduce length of stay, and decrease charges for CP patients undergoing spinal fusion. Level of Evidence: IV
A Francisella tularensis Chitinase Contributes to Bacterial Persistence and Replication in Two Major U.S. Tick Vectors.

Nearly 100 years after the first report of tick-borne tularemia, questions remain about the tick vector(s) that pose the greatest risk for transmitting Francisella tularensis (Ft), the causative agent of tularemia. Additionally, few studies have identified genes/proteins required for Ft to infect, persist, and replicate in ticks. To answer questions about vector competence and Ft transmission by ticks, we infected Dermacentor variabilis (Dv),Amblyomma americanum (Aa), and Haemaphysalis longicornis (Hl; invasive species from Asia) ticks with Ft, finding that although Aa ticks initially become infected with 1 order of magnitude higher Ft, Ft replicated more robustly in Dv ticks, and did not persist in Hl ticks. In transmission studies, both Dv and Aa ticks efficiently transmitted Ft to naive mice, causing disease in 57% and 46% of mice, respectively. Of four putative Ft chitinases, FTL1793 is the most conserved among Francisella sp. We generated a ΔFTL1793 mutant and found that ΔFTL1793 was deficient for infection, persistence, and replication in ticks. Recombinant FTL1793 exhibited chitinase activity in vitro, suggesting that FTL1793 may provide an alternative energy source for Ft in ticks. Taken together, Dv ticks appear to pose a greater risk for harboring and transmitting tularemia and FTL1793 plays a major role in promoting tick infections by Ft.
Prospects for the Dollar

This chapter examines the prospects for the dollar in the light of developments related to the recent rise of anti-globalist political forces in the US political system and the sharp increase in public debt associated with the government’s response to the Covid-19 crisis. The chapter considers how the first factor has represented a sharp break from the long-standing US government support for the liberal international economic order and may weaken future domestic support for that stance. The second factor has exposed the government to potential problems of debt management and fiscal sustainability over the medium-to-long term that could threaten global financial stability. The chapter considers this issue within the framework of “debt dynamics”.
The Fisherman's Cause: Atlantic Commerce and Maritime Dimensions of the American Revolution

This book examines the connections between the commercial fishing industry in colonial America and the American Revolution, Christopher P. Magra places the origins and progress of this formative event in a wider Atlantic context. The Fisherman's Cause utilizes extensive research from archives in the United States, Canada, and the UK in order to take this Atlantic approach. Dried, salted cod represented the most lucrative export in New England. The fishing industry connected colonial producers to transatlantic markets in the Iberian Peninsula and the West Indies. Parliament's coercive regulation of this branch of colonial maritime commerce contributed to colonists' willingness to engage in a variety of revolutionary activities. Colonists then used the sea to resist British authority. Fish merchants converted transatlantic trade routes into military supply lines, and they transformed fishing vessels into warships. Fishermen armed and manned the first American Navy, served in the first coast guard units, and fought on privateers. These maritime activities helped secure American independence.
The Step Test: A Simple Method of Measuring Physical Fitness for Muscular Work in Young Men

(1943). The Step Test: A Simple Method of Measuring Physical Fitness for Muscular Work in Young Men. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 31-37.
A STATE SPACE BIOECONOMIC MODEL OF PACIFIC HALIBUT

Abstract. Evaluation of potential economic conse-quences of alternative management actions requires an un-derstanding of how the biological stock will be aﬀected by themanagement action and an understanding of the response ofeconomic systems to changes in the timing, magnitude, andsize distribution of harvests and changes in the location andcatchability of the biological stock. We use a hybrid structuraltime series model to represent Paciﬁc halibut ( Hippoglossusstenolepis ) stock and recruitment dynamics and a system ofstructural equations to represent supply and demand relation-ships for Paciﬁc halibut from Alaska and British Columbia.Model simulations explore the economic eﬀects of changes inrecruitment success, growth rate, and carrying capacity, andchanges in international supplies of halibut. Key Words: Paciﬁc halibut, population dynamics,bioeconomics, state space model. 1. Introduction. USandCanadianstocksofPaciﬁchalibut( Hip-poglossus stenolepis ) are jointly managed under a bilateral treaty—theHalibut Convention of 1923. Under the treaty, responsibility for con-ducting stock assessments and recommending conservation measuresis delegated to the International Paciﬁc Halibut Commission (IPHC).Each nation is responsible for allocating catches among its varioususer groups while ensuring that the sum of commercial, sport, andother removals within its jurisdictional waters does not exceed theregion-speciﬁc IPHC quotas. The organization and management of the
Time course of oocyte development in winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus and spawning seasonality for the Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank and southern New England stocks

Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus were collected at monthly intervals from December 2009 to May 2011, to describe the pattern and seasonality of oocyte development, including: (1) the group-synchronous transition from primary to secondary oocytes that initiates immediately after spawning, (2) the slow (months) development of vitellogenic oocytes followed by the rapid (weeks) maturation of oocytes, (3) the synchronous nature of mature oocytes ovulating, but the discrete releases of benthic eggs in batches, (4) the protracted (months) degradation of postovulatory follicles and (5) the occurrence of follicular atresia. Although fish were collected across only c. 2° latitudinal range, the spawning season was c. 1 month later in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) than on Georges Bank and in southern New England. This is probably due to lower temperatures in the GOM. These stock-specific data regarding the time course of oogenesis are of practical value. This information is discussed in relation to measuring and interpreting elements of reproductive potential such as maturation, skipped spawning and fecundity, the response of reproductive traits by this widely distributed species to changing climate and the response by this common, marine-estuarine species to urbanization, particularly environmental pollutants and dredging.
Lillehei, Lewis, and Wangensteen: The Right Mix for Giant Achievements in Cardiac Surgery

The dawn of open-heart surgery occurred at the University of Minnesota on September 2, 1952, when Dr John Lewis and his surgical team closed an atrial septal defect using total-body hypothermia and inflow stasis. Eighteen months later on March 26, 1954, Dr C. Walton Lillehei and his surgical team used a parent as a biologic oxygenator to repair a ventricular septal defect in a 1-year-old boy. This technique of cross circulation was then used in a total of 45 children during the next 16 months to successfully repair tetralogy of Fallot, atrioventricular canal, and ventricular septal defect. Remarkably, two thirds of these children were discharged from the hospital. Thirty years later, Dr Lillehei reported that 17 of his 27 patients with repair of a ventricular septal defect had survived and were all New York Heart Association class I. These landmark operations in the open heart could not have been achieved by Drs Lewis and Lillehei without the remarkable support that they received from their surgical chief, Dr Owen Wangensteen. Doctor Wangensteen would later state in his book, The Rise of Surgery, that: "The outstanding contribution to the advancement of surgery in the 20th century has been the development of open-heart surgery."
A cross-cultural comparison of resilience in adolescents

Abstract The purpose of this study was to continue the process of clarifying the concept of resilience in adolescence. At the completion of the first phase of this clarification process in 1997, it became evident that adolescents believed resilience hurt them more than helped them and encompassed such dimensions as self-protection and survival. To gain the broadest understanding of the adolescent's perception of resilience, this study qualitatively explored those perceptions from adolescents in varied socioeconomic and cultural environments. Using a focus-group format, we queried 40 adolescents from New England and Ghana about their perceptions of adversity, overcoming adversities, and resilience. The results indicated that irrespective of age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, all the adolescents believed that they were resilient; however, overcoming adversities and being resilient were different depending on the presence or absence of consistent, loving, caring, mentoring adults who helped the adolescent traverse the adversities of life. Those adolescents who were without such support systems (found predominately in the New England sample) showed survival and self-protective forms of resilience, whereas those with such support systems (found predominately in the Ghanaian sample) showed a connected form of resilience. Further research is needed; however, adolescents have given clear messages in two studies indicating that being resilient can hurt them as much as it may help them. When fostering resilience, consideration should be given to what kind of resilience is being fostered. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) with the hematologic phenotype of severe β thalassemia

A 3-year-old Filipino-American child with recurrent fever, splenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, was found to have a hemoglobin F level of 76.9%. His reticulocyte count was elevated (4.3%), and erythroblasts were present in his peripheral blood. The child's erythrocytes were microcytic (MCV 66.9 fl) but his serum ferritin level was normal. His bone marrow at initial presentation demonstrated normal cellularity without an increase in blast cells. The disease progressed with worsening anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia, with increased blasts in his marrow and the appearance of a mediastinal mass. His liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were found to be infiltrated with myeloblasts, supporting a diagnosis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Analysis of the child's Hb F showed a Ggamma/Agamma ratio of 2.2, which was within the characteristic range for JMML. A globin synthesis study using blood reticulocytes showed an alpha/non-alpha globin synthesis ratio of 2.24, typical of severe homozygous beta thalassemia. Southern blot analysis of blood-leukocyte DNA from the patient and his parents demonstrated no apparent abnormality in the beta-globin gene promoter or coding regions. The elevated level of Hb F in this child with JMML appeared to be part of an acquired Cooley's anemia-like hematologic phenotype.