cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Vanadium(III), -(IV), and -(V) Complexes That Contain the Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Triamidoamine Ligand [(C6F5NCH2CH2)3N]3-

[N3N]VO ([N3N]3- = [(C6F5NCH2CH2)3N]3-) was prepared from VOCl3 and H3[N3N] in the presence of Et3N. Related arylimido complexes, [N3N]VNAr (Ar = p-MeC6H4, p-CF3C6H4, or p-FC6H4), were prepared in high yields from the known V(NAr)Cl3(THF) complexes in a similar manner or by treating [N3N]VO with an aryl isocyanate in refluxing m-xylene. New imido complexes also were prepared by reacting an imido complex with an aryl isocyanate over a period of 2 days in refluxing mesitylene. The reaction between VCl3(THF)3 and H3[N3N] in the presence of triethylamine gave [HNEt3]{[N3N]VCl} (3) when the reaction was carried out in ether and [N3N]V(CH3CN) (4a) when carried out in acetonitrile, while the reaction between VCl3(THF)3 and H3[N3N] in the presence of triethylamine and tert-butyl isocyanide gave green [N3N]V(t-BuNC). [N3N]V(CH3CN) reacts with propylene oxide to give [N3N]VO and with diazoalkanes to give [N3N]VNNCHR (R = SiMe3, CO2C2H5). An X-ray structure determination of 4a (C26H15N5F15V, a = 13.021(1) A, b = 13....
U–Pb, Rb–Sr, and K–Ar isotopic constraints for ductile deformation and related metamorphism in the Teslin suture zone, Yukon–Tanana terrane, south-central Yukon

The Teslin suture zone (TSZ) comprises a portion of the Yukon–Tanana terrane (YT), in the Yukon, formed by steeply dipping layering and L–S tectonite foliation. The TSZ forms the fundamental tectonic boundary between rocks deposited along the ancient margin of North America and allochthonous terranes to the west. TSZ tectonites evolved during initial penetrative dip-slip deformation (Dds) and later dextral strike-slip shear (Dss) along steep, 1–3 km wide shear zones. Several workers have speculated that the TSZ and related YT heterogeneous ductile deformation and associated metamorphism are Devonian to Mississippian in age and related to the intrusion of a similar-age orthogneiss throughout the Yukon and Alaska. However, recent structural and metamorphic studies of the TSZ provide evidence contradicting this view. New isotopic evidence, presented herein, indicates that TSZ dynamothermal metamorphism was cooled by Early Jurassic time, that it cannot be related to Devonian–Mississippian and Permian granitic...
A hybrid hubbard model for discrete and periodic backbonded complexes

Abstract A two-electron model Hamiltonian, called a hybrid Hubbard model, for backbonded transition metal complexes is presented. This model incorporates electron-electron repulsion and occupation-dependent resonance integrals. A simplified, easily solved version of the model is also presented and applied to a two-dimensional, antiferromagnetically coupled bridged network. It is shown that, within the framework of this simple model, an effective attractive interaction between electrons may occur under certain conditions.
Clb/Cdc28 kinases promote nuclear export of the replication initiator proteins Mcm2–7

Abstract Background: In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the cyclin-dependent kinases of the Clb/Cdc28 family restrict the initiation of DNA replication to once per cell cycle by preventing the re-assembly of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) at replication origins that have already initiated replication. This assembly involves the Cdc6-dependent loading of six minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins, Mcm2–7, onto origins. How Clb/Cdc28 kinases prevent pre-RC assembly is not understood. Results: In living cells, the Mcm proteins were found to colocalize in a cell-cycle-regulated manner. Mcm2–4, 6 and 7 were concentrated in the nucleus in G1 phase, gradually exported to the cytoplasm during S phase, and excluded from the nucleus by G2 and M phase. Tagging any single Mcm protein with the SV40 nuclear localization signal made all Mcm proteins constitutively nuclear. In the absence of functional Cdc6, Clb/Cdc28 kinases were necessary and sufficient for efficient net nuclear export of a fusion protein between Mcm7 and the green fluorescent protein (Mcm7–GFP), whereas inactivation of these kinases at the end of mitosis coincided with the net nuclear import of Mcm7–GFP. In contrast, in the presence of functional Cdc6, which loads Mcm proteins onto chromatin, S-phase progression as well as Clb/Cdc28 kinases was required for Mcm–GFP export. Conclusions: We propose that Clb/Cdc28 kinases prevent pre-RC reassembly in part by promoting the net nuclear export of Mcm proteins. We further propose that Mcm proteins become refractory to this regulation when they load onto chromatin and must be dislodged by DNA replication before they can be exported. Such an arrangement could ensure that Mcm proteins complete their replication function before they are removed from the nucleus.
Characterization of a High‐Affinity Mg2+‐Independent Ca2+‐ATPase from Rat Brain Synaptosomal Membranes

A high-affinity Mg2+-independent Ca2+-ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) has been differentiated from the Mg2+-dependent, Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase) in rat brain synaptosomal membranes. Using ATP as a substrate, the K0.5 of Ca2+ for Ca2+-ATPase was found to be 1.33 microM with a Km for ATP of 19 microM and a Vmax of 33 nmol/mg/min. Using Ca-ATP as a substrate, the Km for Ca-ATP was found to be 0.22 microM. Unlike Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase was not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, trifluoperazine, lanthanum, zinc, or vanadate. La3+ and Zn2+, in contrast, stimulated the enzyme activity. Unlike Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase activity, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was negligible in the absence of added Mg2+, indicating that the Ca2+ transport into synaptosomal endoplasmic reticulum may not be a function of the Ca2+-ATPase described. Ca2+-ATPase activity was not stimulated by the monovalent cations Na+ or K+. Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase demonstrated a substrate preference for ATP and ADP, but not GTP, whereas Ca2+-ATPase hydrolyzed ATP and GTP, and to a lesser extent ADP. The results presented here suggest the high-affinity Mg2+-independent Ca2+-ATPase may be a separate form from Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase. The capacity of Mg2+-independent Ca2+-ATPase to hydrolyze GTP suggests this protein may be involved in GTP-dependent activities within the cell.
Words to Build Movements, Cultures, and Our Futures: A Review of Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law and The Transgender Studies Reader 2

Raising questions and making linkages between ongoing movements, particularly those surrounding LGBTQ youth and related research, and academic fields, this book review essay engages the new Transgender Studies Reader with Normal Life.
Twenty-four hour, ambulatory blood pressure responses following acute exercise: impact of exercise intensity.

Twenty-four hour, ambulatory blood pressure responses following acute exercise: impact of exercise intensity
Sensor molecules in intestinal innate immunity against bacterial infections.

Purpose of reviewAntimicrobial proteins are key effector molecules of innate immunity. The review discusses recent progress in understanding the function of these host defence molecules in intestinal physiology.Recent findingsAll antimicrobial proteins can inhibit or kill bacteria in vitro, but diff
Early Clinical Outcomes with the Use of Decellularized Nerve Allograft for Repair of Sensory Defects Within the Hand

Nerve conduits have become an established option for repair of sensory deficits of up to 2 cm. More recently, decellularized nerve allograft has also been advocated as an option for nerve repair; however, no clinical studies have examined its efficacy for the treatment of sensory nerve defects. The aim of this study was to examine our early experience with the use of decellularized nerve allograft for repair of segmental nerve defects within the hand and fingers. From July 2007 to March 2008, seven patients who had ten nerve gaps were treated surgically using decellularized nerve allograft. Eight digital and two dorsal sensory nerves were repaired. The etiologies of the nerve defects were traumatic nerve transection in eight defects and neuroma resection and reconstruction in two defects. All of the affected nerves were pure sensory fibers. Functional recovery was evaluated by blinded hand therapist using moving and static two point discrimination tests. Implantation sites were also evaluated for any signs of infection, rejection, or graft extrusion. There were five men and two women with a mean age of 44 years (range 23-65). Mean nerve graft length was 2.23 cm with a range of 0.5-3 cm. Mean follow up time was 9 months (range 5-12). Average two point discrimination was 4.4 mm moving and 5.5 mm static at last recorded follow-up. There were no wound infections observed around the graft material and sensory improvement was observed in all of the patients despite this short-term follow-up. Re-exploration of two fingers was required for flexor tendon rupture in one and flexor tendon tenolysis in the other. In both cases, the nerve allograft was visualized and appeared well incorporated in the repair site. Decellularized nerve allografts were capable of returning adequate sensation in nerve defects ranging from 0.5 to 3 cm. There were no cases of infection or rejection. Decellularized nerve allograft may provide an option for segmental nerve gaps beyond 2 cm. Randomized comparative studies will be required to determine efficacy in comparison to collagen conduits or nerve autograft.
Diffusion-limited aggregation

Diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) is an idealization of the process by which matter irreversibly combines to form dust, soot, dendrites, and other random objects in the case where the rate-limiting step is diffusion of matter to the aggregate. We study the process from several points of view stressing the fact that it apparently gives rise to scale-invariant objects whose Hausdorff dimension is independent of short-range details. We show that DLA has no upper critical dimension. We apply scale invariance to study growth, gelation, and the structure factor of aggregates.
Infrared asymptotic freedom for the pseudoscalar Yukawa model at the critical point

We consider the pseudoscalar Yukawa model on a four dimensional Euclidean lattice. The fermions are integrated out giving an effective boson interaction. We show that for weak coupling this interaction is in the class covered by the Gawedzki-Kupiainen renormalization group analysis. It follows that one can adjust parameters so that the flow of the renormalization group is toward a free massless boson theory. This establishes the existence of the critical theory and controls its long distance behavior.
Asymptotic density and social choice trade-offs

Abstract Arrow proved that a social welfare function with transitive values cannot simultaneously satisfy independence of irrelevant alternatives, the Pareto criterion, and non-dictatorship. We use asymptotic density to determine bounds on the trade-off between violations of the Pareto criterion and violations of non-dictatorship when the set X of outcomes is countably infinite.
Template‐directed ligation: From DNA towards different versatile templates

A systematic approach evaluating template-directed ligation reactions has now resulted in a simple outline for a two-stage replication cycle. This cycle builds on an efficient method for reading the information encoded in DNA into an amplified translation product. It is further demonstrated that the translation product strand is capable of catalyzing the synthesis of the original DNA strand. We propose that this cycle represents just one of many possible solutions; other chemical ligation or polymerization reactions could be accommodated with different templates. In that context, a new template, derived by modest changes to the DNA backbone, has been developed and has been shown to hybridize under reaction conditions different than those accessible to DNA. Therefore, the conceptual groundwork has been laid for extending this approach to encoding and reading stored information in molecules other than the natural biopolymers at the densities found in biology. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and The Japan Chemical Journal Forum Chem Rec 1:53–62, 2001
Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum to Easter lily, narcissus and gladiolus

SUMMARY Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from roots, bulbs and stems of Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum) differed widely in pathogenicity and also, apparently, in tissue specificity. Virulent isolates caused a typical basal rot and root rot (but not a wilt) in which the mycelium advanced intercellularly through the scales and basal plates. Mildly pathogenic isolates became established in mature or senescent outer scales, at first producing only superficial effects, but further growth of mycelium occurred as the outer scales died and sometimes continued until the dead tissues were permeated and chlamydospores were formed. The underlying scales were then colonized. The modes of pathogenicity and survival in Easter lily were compared with those of the F. oxysporum formae causing bulb rots of gladiolus and narcissus. It is suggested that advance of hyphae by penetration between the cells of the vascular parenchyma, which is common in isolates causing rots in bulbs and corms, represents a stage in the evolution of the truly vascular habit among fusaria.
Multisite recording of brain field potentials and unit activity in freely moving rats

A technique has been developed to record from 16 different brain sites of the freely moving rat using subminiature MOSFET preamplifiers. The high input impedance, small size, durability and light weight of the amplifiers and connecting cable allows high quality multisite recording of field potentials and unit activity. In addition, a movable headstage for positioning multiple microelectrodes is described. The compact recording system permits one to construct neocortical EEG maps, instant depth profiles of evoked and spontaneous field data, and to study neuronal synchrony of distant cell populations.
DETERMINATION OF THE LITHIUM FRENKEL ENERGY IN LITHIUM TANTALATE

The ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition is modeled as an order‐disorder process with lithium atoms jumping between their normal sites and adjacent interstitial sites. This lithium jump corresponds to lithium Frenkel defect formation. At temperatures significantly away from the Curie temperature it is found that the lithium Frenkel energy is about 0.165 eV. As the temperature approaches Tc, disorder abounds and eventually the lithiums become equally distributed between the two available sites. The previously reported spontaneous polarization, Ps, data for lithium tantalate are analyzed in terms of this order‐disorder model. The slope of P2s with temperature is directly in line with the model’s prediction.
A consensus based approach to constrained clustering of software requirements

Managing large-scale software projects involves a number of activities such as viewpoint extraction, feature detection, and requirements management, all of which require a human analyst to perform the arduous task of organizing requirements into meaningful topics and themes. Automating these tasks through the use of data mining techniques such as clustering could potentially increase both the efficiency of performing the tasks and the reliability of the results. Unfortunately, the unique characteristics of this domain, such as high dimensional, sparse, noisy data sets, resulting from short and ambiguous expressions of need, as well as the need for the interactive engagement of stakeholders at various stages of the process, present difficult challenges for standard clustering algorithms. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised clustering framework, based on a combination of consensus-based and constrained clustering techniques, which can effectively handle these challenges. Specifically, we provide a probabilistic analysis for informative constraint generation based on a co-association matrix, and utilize consensus clustering to combine multiple constrained partitions in order to generate high-quality, robust clusters. Our approach is validated through a series of experiments on six well-studied TREC data sets and on two sets of user requirements.
Entrepreneurial Action And The Role Of Uncertainty In The Theory Of The Entrepreneur

By considering the amount of uncertainty perceived and the willingness to bear uncertainty concomitantly, we provide a more complete conceptual model of entrepreneurial action that allows for examination of entrepreneurial action at the individual level of analysis while remaining consistent with a rich legacy of system-level theories of the entrepreneur. Our model not only exposes limitations of existing theories of entrepreneurial action but also contributes to a deeper understanding of important conceptual issues, such as the nature of opportunity and the potential for philosophical reconciliation among entrepreneurship scholars.
Part 2: A pathologic spectrum: Basilar dolichoectasia and vertebral dissection, each with fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Dolichoectasia, or the dilation and increased curvature of intracranial vessels, has long been linked to atherosclerosis. Rather than the result of atheromatous alterations of the vessel wall, investigators now believe that the primary lesion is a defect in the internal elastic lamina and the elastic components of the media. Remodeled by shear and stress related to blood flow and turbulence, the thickened intima and lipid deposits are secondary phenomena. In some patients, dissection of the intracerebral vessel wall may be the initial event, and with the passage of time, dolichoectasia may be the final phase. We present two patients to illustrate the spectrum of changes that can involve the posterior circulation. The first patient had dolichoectasia of the basilar artery, and the second patient had dissection of the vertebral artery. Each patient died from diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage, and each had a postmortem examination. To better understand the genetic mechanisms leading to smooth muscle and elastic fiber defects in dolichoectasia, we can focus on a subgroup of patients with polycystic kidney disease. This cohort of renal patients has an abnormally high frequency of intracranial aneurysms, hemorrhages, and dolichoectasia of intracranial vessels. Polycystin is the protein product of the gene PKD1, which undergoes mutation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. By studying the relationship between aberrant polycystin expression and vascular phenotype, we may someday understand the vascular abnormalities at the molecular level.
Erratum to "Isobutanol production at elevated temperatures in thermophilic Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius" (Metab. Eng. 24C (2014) 1-8)

On page 1, Introduction, Column 2, line 8 from bottom “An exception is G. thermoglucosidasius, for which transformation procedures enabling metabolic manipulation have been established (Cripps et al., 2009)” Should read “An exception is G. thermoglucosidasius, for which transformation procedures enabling metabolic manipulation have been established (Taylor et al., 2008; Cripps et al., 2009; Bartosiak-Jentys et al., 2012, 2013).” On page 7, Discussion, Column 2, the first sentence “Although this organism has an established transformation protocol and an integration vector system for gene replacements (Cripps et al., 2009), no expression system has been established. Here, we identified a robust promoter to drive gene expression from a plasmid, and we characterized enzymes for isobutanol biosynthesis at elevated temperature.” Should read “Previously, transformation procedures, plasmid-based expression systems, and gene replacement protocols have been established for this organism (Taylor et al., 2008; Cripps et al., 2009; Bartosiak-Jentys et al., 2012, 2013). In this work, we determined that the ldh promoter from G. thermodenitrificans is suitable for driving the expression of the isobutanol pathway genes, and we characterized enzymes for isobutanol biosynthesis at 50 1C.”
Interrelations between pH and temperature for the catalytic rate of the M4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)

Abstract A kinetic study of the rate of pyruvate reduction by goldfish LDH-M4 (the homotetrameric form of lactate dehydrogenase which predominates in skeletal muscle) provided an analysis of the effects of pH and temperature on v (reaction velocity) and estimates of how temperature might affect catalysis in vivo, where the physiological pH regulation imposes a temperature coefficient of −0.015 to −0.020 pH unit/ °C. Consistent with published data for other LDHs, (i) V (maximum reaction velocity) was pH insensitive over a physiological pH range, (ii) the Km for pyruvate, KP, was sensitive to both pH and temperature, and (iii) the Km for NADH and the dissociation constant for NADH were both sensitive to temperature, but not to pH. V approximately doubled with each 10 °C (Ea = 11.7 kcal/mol). The effects of pH and temperature on KP were consistent with two enthalpic contributions, an ionization enthalpy (ΔHi∘) of 7.2 kcal/mol (probably a histidine imidazole), and an enthalpy (ΔHSO) of 5.8 kcal/mol for the combination of pyruvate with the nonionized (pH ⪡ pK′) LDH-NADH complex. When the pH was varied according to the physiological temperature coefficient, v was more sensitive to temperature than for conditions of constant pH, the usual design of kinetic experiments. This effect was due to the decreased temperature sensitivity of KP caused by partial concellation of the ΔHi∘ effect by the pH regulation: d pH dT ≅ d p K′ dT . At constant pH, on the other hand, KP increased strongly with temperature and had the effect of offsetting (especially at higher pH values) the large increases in V. It was suggested that the magnitudes of ΔHi∘ and ΔHSO might have been important in the evolution of LDHs and other enzymes of cold-blooded animals.
Induction of antibodies to plant viral proteins by DNA-based immunization

DNA-based immunization is a promising new technique for generating antibodies in laboratory animals for diagnostic purposes in biological science. The main advantages are the elimination of time and labor and the technically demanding steps of antigen purification. The DNA sequence of the protein of interest, cloned in a suitable in vivo expression vector that is administered intramuscularly or intradermally, is sufficient to induce an immune response in animals. We report the induction of antibodies to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) as a highly immunogenic structural protein and potato virus Y (PVY) P1 protein (P1) as a nonstructural protein. The appropriate nucleotide sequences were introduced in a mammalian expression vector (pSG5) and injected intramuscularly into New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). By 10 days post-injection (dpi) a specific immune response was detected against TMV-CP, while it took about 5 weeks for a response to PVY P1. In both cases the antibody titers were significantly above the corresponding pre-immune serum, however, they were considerably below the titer of the matching conventionally produced antiserum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DNA-based immunization in order to generate antibodies to plant viral proteins, but further improvements are necessary to increase antibody titers before this promising new technique can be introduced broadly in plant science for diagnostic purposes.
Use of operational satellite data for study of clouds and radiation in climate

Abstract A brief summary is given of early results from the analysis of operational satellite data for the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. These data appear useful for studying the role that clouds play in determining the climate and its variations.
Comparison of three serotests for the detection of pseudorabies antibodies in pigs

The serum-neutralization test (SN), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (RIDEA) were compared for the detection of pseudorabies (PRV) antibodies in swine sera. A total of 1285 serum samples were tested. All three tests were considered useful in determining the PRV antibody status of swine on a herd basis, but available evidence supports the continued use of SN as the definitive test because of possible false positive reactions associated with ELISA and RIDEA.
`We will get through this together': journalism, trauma and the Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip:

Using the case study if the Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip in August 2005, this article explores the role of news images in moving collectives through contested and potentially traumatic events. It examines the coverage of the disengagement process in the three major Israeli daily newspapers, and argues that the Israeli press took upon itself the role of healing the potential collective trauma as the events themselves were unfolding
Neural network for exo-atmospheric target discrimination

In response to a threat missile, an interceptor missile with a kinetic warhead (KW) is launched with the intention of intercepting and killing the lethal reentry vehicle (RV) in the exo-atmosphere before it reaches its target. Data from an IR sensor on-board the KW is to be used to discriminate the RV from the other pieces in the field of view. A time-delay neural network (TDNN) is proposed for discrimination. A TDNN was trained using simulated data, and tested using simulated and flight data. The flight data includes IR signatures for RVs, boosters, and thrust termination debris. The TDNN is able to distinguish RVs from other missile parts and debris. This paper describes the performance of a TDNN for discrimination in ballistic missile defense when tested using flight data.
Reframing the Cultural Differences between the East and the West

This study proposes that the fundamental cultural differences between the East and the West lie in a holistic-analytic worldview, and this new perspective can explain the cultural differences better than collectivism-individualism. To test the claim, this study developed a measurement for holism and its derivative, cognitive relativity. Then, it examined the degree of holism, cognitive relativity, and independent and interdependent self-construals with Korean and American college students. Results showed that (a) Koreans had a stronger holistic worldview than Americans, (b) Koreans maintained a higher degree of cognitive relativity than Americans, (c) Koreans and Americans did not differ in either independent or interdependent self-construals, and (d) the impact of holism was still strong after controlling for the effects of self-construals.
Laser Spectroscopy of Solids

Remarkably narrow optical homogeneous linewidths of the order of 1 kHz have now been observed in low temperature zero-phonon transitions of dilute impurity ion crystals, such as Pr3+ in LaF3. Novel nonlinear optical resonance techniques have been devised for this purpose using ultrastable phase locked cw dye lasers where the measurements are performed either in the frequency domain (hole burning) or in the time domain (coherent optical transients). These studies effectively bring the Mossbauer effect into the optical region. Hence, the observed linewidths are no longer limited by inhomogeneous strain broadening (~5 GHz) or even by static local fields due to neighboring spins (~100 kHz). However, weak magnetic field fluctuations from local spins are readily detected. As an example, spin decoupling and line narrowing, which are well known in NMR, are observed in an optical transition of Pr3+:LaF3 at 2°K where the 19F–19F dipolar interaction is quenched and the optical line width drops from 10 to 2 kHz, clearly demonstrating the spin broadening mechanism. Results will be discussed in terms of a Monte Carlo line broadening theory.
Reevaluation of the caudal skeleton of some actinopterygian fishes: II. Hiodon, Elops, and Albula.

The vertebral centra of Hiodon, Elops, and Albula are direct perichordal ossifications (autocentra) which enclose the arcocentra as in Amia. An inner ring of ovoid cells forms in late ontogeny from the intervertebral space inside the autocentrum. The chordacentrum is reduced or completely absent in centra of adult Elops, whereas it forms an important portion of the centra in adult Hiodon. The posterior portion of the compound ural centrum 3+4+5 is partially (Hiodon) or fully formed by the chordacentrum (Elops, Albula). The haemal arches and hypurals are fused medially by cartilage or bone trabecles of the arcocentrum with the centra, even though they appear autogenous in lateral view in Elops and Albula. The composition of the caudal skeleton of fossil teleosts and the ontogeny of that of Hiodon, Elops, and Albula corroborate a one-to-one relationship of ural centra with these dorsal and ventral elements. The first epural (epural 1) of Elops relates to ural centrum 1, whereas the first epural (epural 2) of Hiodon and Albula relates to ural centrum 2. In Albula, the first ural centrum is formed by ural centrum 2 only. With 4 uroneurals Hiodon has the highest number within recent teleosts. Juvenile specimens of Hiodon have eight, the highest number of hypurals within recent teleosts; this is the primitive condition by comparison with other teleosts and pholidophorids. Reduction of elements in the caudal skeleton is an advanced feature as seen within elopomorphs from Elops to Albula. Such reductions and fusions occur in osteoglossomorphs also, but the lack of epurals and uroneurals separates most osteoglossomorphs (except Hiodon) from all other teleosts.
Projection of circuit performance distributions by multivariate statistics

Production test data from process monitoring test structures were utilized in a circuit simulator that accounts for the correlations between circuit elements. This 'correlated' simulation is based on a principal component analysis technique that requires the means, the standard deviations, and the correlation coefficients of all circuit elements. A voltage reference subcircuit consisting of five n-p-n transistors and five based-diffused resistors was chosen for this simulation study. The statistical parameters of these circuit elements were approximated by those from the process monitor test structures and extracted from the test patterns of 1000 production wafers. The distributions of the reference voltage from this simulation were compared to a Monte Carlo simulation, and to the production data. >
Dermatitis-producing plants of south Florida and Hawaii

Abstract Harry L. Arnold, Jr., once initiated a report of a dermatitisproducing plant with the whimsical statement: "The list of plants capable of producing dermatitis venenata is already so long that it seems quite possible that only time is needed for it to include all known plants. The report of the observation of this property in one more plant, therefore, would seem to require some justification other than the fact that the plant has not been previously identified as a common cause of dermatitis." 1 The justification for a regional report on dermatitis-producing plants is not to benefit those in practice in the area, where most plant offenders are well known, but because of the increasing tendency (1) for tropical plants to be transported year-round into areas where they are unfamiliar or (2) for patients to return home from the subtropical regions with a plant-induced dermatitis. Table 1 lists plants associated with dermatitis in south Florida and Hawaii. Although there is much similarity in the plants in these two areas, there is a greater diversity in Hawaii because its mountains will support more temperate plants. It is interesting that, in each location, almost all dermatitis-producing plants have been introduced and are not originally native.
Wellness informatics: towards a definition and grand challenges

The last decade has seen a large explosion of health-related human centered computing research and practice focused on wellness (e.g., good nutrition and exercise promotion) with the intention of helping people avoid needing medical care. And while Health Informatics may appear to be the obvious home for these activities, it is a discipline that has focused on the design, development, and evaluation of systems to process healthcare data and through that aid in patient treatment. Given the ubiquity of wellness systems we think its time to create a Wellness Informatics community. The goal of the workshop is to identify the themes and grand challenges for designing and evaluating Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) that help people stay well.
Augmentation of 3H-thymidine incorporation by human lymphocytes in the presence of antigen and fractions of dialyzable transfer factor: a nonspecific phenomenon.

A fraction of dialyzable transfer factor (TFd) separated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography and eluting with substances of molecular weight 300–1000 can nonspecifically augment 3 H-thymidine incorporation by human lymphocytes in the presence of antigen. This effect is independent of the antigenic reactivities of the TFd donor; it appears in a fraction reported to be inactive for in vivo systemic transfer of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), and is not present in a fraction of TFd reported to be capable of transferring DTH. It is also found in fractions of dialyzable lysate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. For these reasons, the phenomenon of augmentation of 3 H-thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes in the presence of TFd is not a measure of classical transfer factor activity.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Metoclopramide in Plasma

Abstract A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of metoclopramide in plasma has been developed. Metoclopramide was extracted from alkalinized plasma (0.25 − 0.5 ml) into methyl-t-butyl ether, injected onto an alkylnitrile column and eluted with a mobile phase of methanol and tetrahydrofuran in acetate buffer, pH 4.3. The eluate was monitored with a variable wavelength UV detector at 309 nm. Extraction efficiencies for metoclopramide and the internal standard (a dipropyl analog of procainamide) ranged from 89 to 93%. The limit of sensitivity for the method was 2.5 ng/ml when 0.5 ml of plasma was extracted. Application of the method to single dose pharmacokinetic studies was demonstrated by the analysis of plasma samples following the administration of a single 10 mg oral dose of metoclopramide hydrochloride to two healthy volunteers.
Conditional Covariance-Based Representation of Multidimensional Test Structure

A new nonparametric method for constructing a spatial representation of multidimensional test structure is presented. CCSCAL (for Conditional Covariance-based SCALing) constructs an item vector representation of test structure using conditional covariance-based scaling. A conditional covariance-based dissimilarity measure between items, and a form of multidimensional scaling in which dissimilarities are represented by angles between vectors, are used. This method can be used to investigate a broad range of multidimensional test structures. An index is described to measure the accuracy of the representation. Several simulated and real-data analyses show that the method provides a suitable approximation to multidimensional test structures.
Spectral phonon scattering from sub-10 nm surface roughness wavelengths in metal-assisted chemically etched Si nanowires.

Frequency dependence in phonon surface scattering is a debated topic in fundamental phonon physics. Recent experiments and theory suggest such a phenomenon, but an independent agreement between the two remains elusive. We report low-temperature dependence of thermal conductivity in silicon nanowires fabricated using a two-step, metal-assisted chemical etch. By reducing etch rates down to 0.5 nm/s from the typical >100 nm/s, we report controllable roughening of nanowire surfaces and selectively focus on moderate roughness scales rather than the extreme scales investigated previously. This critically enables direct comparison with perturbation-based spectral scattering theory. Using experimentally characterized surface roughness, we show that a multiple scattering theory provides excellent agreement and explanation of the observed low-temperature dependence of rough surface nanowires. The theory does not employ any fitting parameters. A 5–10 nm roughness correlation length is typical in metal-assisted chemi...
RC-MAC: A Receiver-Centric MAC Protocol for Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks

Event-driven wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually operate under light traffic load. However, when an event is detected, a large number of packets may be generated. A MAC protocol designed for this kind of WSNs should be able to swiftly adapt to the two conditions. Most WSN MAC protocols are optimized for light traffic for the energy efficiency consideration. In this paper, we propose a novel receiver-centric MAC protocol called RC-MAC that seamlessly integrates duty cycling and receiver-centric scheduling, providing high throughput without sacrificing the energy efficiency. To handle bursty traffic triggered by an event, RC-MAC takes advantage of the underlying data gathering tree structure of WSNs and the multichannel technique supported by current IEEE 802.15.4 RF transceivers to assist scheduling of medium access. The throughput is improved in two phases with receiver-centric medium access scheduling and distributed channel assignment. First, on a data gathering tree, a receiver is able to coordinate the medium access of multiple senders so as to reduce collisions and achieve high throughput. Second, different receivers coordinate their senders in different channels and the throughput is further improved by allowing parallel data gathering. Observing packet processing time on low cost sensor nodes, we design a scheduling pattern that ensures fairness between source nodes without sacrificing the throughput. We evaluate the performance of our RC-MAC through measurements of an implementation in TinyOS on TelosB motes and extensive ns-2 simulations. Compared with contention-based and scheduling-based MAC protocols, we show that the throughput and the fairness under heavy traffic load are significantly improved by the receiver-centric scheduling. Due to the high throughput, the energy efficiency is also improved.
Race, Class, and Family Structure: Differences in Housing Values for Black and White Homeowners

Several scholars have argued that the continuing disadvantage of the black vis-a-vis the white people has more to do with social class factors than with race. Other scholars have suggested that differences in family structure account for the black people disadvantage. This study addresses these issues in terms of housing values by analyzing (1) the effects of race on housing values net of socioeconomic status and other relevant demographic variables, (2) the interaction of race with socioeconomic status in determining housing values, (3) the interaction of race with household structure in determining housing values and, (4) changes in the relative impact of race on housing values from 1970 to 1990. The findings indicate that black own homes of lower value regardless of their socioeconomic status or household structure. Additionally, the negative effect of race was greater for the black people of higher status. However, there was a stronger negative association between race and housings values in 1970 than in 1980 or 1990, providing some evidence for a narrowing of the black-white gap in housing values. Implications of the findings are discussed
Mapping Sites of O-GlcNAc Modification Using Affinity Tags for Serine and Threonine Post-translational Modifications

Identifying sites of post-translational modifications on proteins is a major challenge in proteomics. O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic nucleocytoplasmic modification more analogous to phosphorylation than to classical complex O-glycosylation. We describe a mass spectrometry-based method for the identification of sites modified by O-GlcNAc that relies on mild β-elimination followed by Michael addition with dithiothreitol (BEMAD). Using synthetic peptides, we also show that biotin pentylamine can replace dithiothreitol as the nucleophile. The modified peptides can be efficiently enriched by affinity chromatography, and the sites can be mapped using tandem mass spectrometry. This same methodology can be applied to mapping sites of serine and threonine phosphorylation, and we provide a strategy that uses modification-specific antibodies and enzymes to discriminate between the two post-translational modifications. The BEMAD methodology was validated by mapping three previously identified O-GlcNAc sites, as well as three novel sites, on Synapsin I purified from rat brain. BEMAD was then used on a purified nuclear pore complex preparation to map novel sites of O-GlcNAc modification on the Lamin B receptor and the nucleoporin Nup155. This method is amenable for performing quantitative mass spectrometry and can also be adapted to quantify cysteine residues. In addition, our studies emphasize the importance of distinguishing between O-phosphate versus O-GlcNAc when mapping sites of serine and threonine post-translational modification using β-elimination/Michael addition methods.
Dendritic Growth Following Labyrinthectomy in the Squirrel Monkey:Light and Electron Microscopic Studies

In the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) peripheral vestibular dendrites underwent degeneration after destruction of the vestibular end organs (labyrinthectomy). The dendrites subsequently grew into the remodelled area where the end organs, surrounding tissues and inner ear fluid spaces were previously located, and were progressively occupied by connective tissue, blood vessels and also new bone. This finding indicates that peripheral vestibular dendrites of adult squirrel monkey can grow, that Schwann cells migrate along with these dendrites, and that myelin can be formed in vivo in locations not previously destined for myelination. The importance of these findings in relation to the plastic properties of the squirrel monkey vestibular nerve is discussed.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE, PRODUCIBLE VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS FOR OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS

In this paper we review the state-of-the-art performance of producible, 850 nm, current-guided GaAs/AlGaAs, top-emitting vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). We discuss the motivation and desired characteristics for pursuing VCSELs, particularly in the area of high speed optical data links. We demonstrate that this structure is indeed producible and reproducible using MOVPE, where exceptional uniformity across wafers and arrays is obtained from commercial chambers. Record performance is also reported using MOVPE-grown GaAs VCSELs. These records include submilliamp (0.68 mA) CW room temperature threshold currents, <1.6 V threshold voltages, over 28% total wall-plug efficiency, over 59 mW of (unbonded) power, 200° C lasing, operation over a 100 nm wavelength regime, and other records that rival or exceed those obtained even from strained-layer InGaAs VCSELs of any structure. We also present novel extensions of this base VCSEL platform for lateral mode control, illustrating the flexibility and extendibility of this technology. Finally application of these arrays as 32-channel-wide Opto-Electronic Technology Consortium (OETC) parallel links are shown with error free operations up to 700 Mbits/s (Manchester coded) through 100 m of fiber.
On deciding between conservative and optimistic approaches on massively parallel platforms

Over 5000 publications on parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) have appeared in the literature to date. Nevertheless, few articles have focused on empirical studies of PDES performance on large supercomputer-based systems. This gap is bridged here, by undertaking a parameterized performance study on thousands of processor cores of a Blue Gene supercomputing system. In contrast to theoretical insights from analytical studies, our study is based on actual implementation in software, incurring the actual messaging and computational overheads for both conservative and optimistic synchronization approaches of PDES. Complex and counter-intuitive effects are uncovered and analyzed, with different event timestamp distributions and available levels of concurrency in the synthetic benchmark models. The results are intended to provide guidance to the PDES community in terms of how the synchronization protocols behave at high processor core counts using a state-of-the-art supercomputing systems.
Ossiculoplasty with polymaleinate ionomeric prosthesis.

Abstract With the continued concern over the possible transmission of viral infections through homologous middle ear implants, there is increasing pressure to develop a truly biocompatible alloplastic middle ear prosthesis. The polymaleinate ionomer, which has been used in dentistry as a filling and luting material for more than 15 years, has recently been used to construct total and partial ossicular replacement prostheses. In an attempt to evaluate these new implants, a multicenter prospective clinical trial was initiated. To date, 92 patients have undergone implantation. The follow-up interval ranged from 3 months to 22 months. Although it is premature to discuss the long-term results, the preliminary surgical experience and audiometric data with these implants are reviewed. From a surgical perspective, the ionomeric prostheses were easily contoured with a diamond burr and were not prone to shattering. Preliminary follow-up audiometric data were available on 80 patients (59 partial ossicular replacement prostheses and 21 total ossicular replacement prostheses). Of the 59 partial ossicular replacement prostheses the air-bone gaps (average of 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 3 kHz) were as follows: 0 dB to 10 dB, 15 (25%) of 59; 11 dB to 20 dB, 20 (34%) of 59; 21 dB to 30 dB, 11 (19%) of 59; and greater than 30 dB, 13 (22%) of 59. Of the 21 total ossicular replacement prostheses the air-bone gaps were as follows: 0 dB to 10 dB, 6 (29%) of 21; 11 dB to 20 dB, 6 (29%) of 21; 21 dB to 30 dB, 5 (24%) of 21; and greater than 30 dB, 4 (19%) of 21. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1995;113:420-6.)
A Quality Implementation of Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 (Public Law 101-336) will have a major effect on private sector employers. Employers with 25 or more employees must provide qualified persons with disabilities equal access to employment with or without reasonable accommodations by July 1992. Employers with 15 to 24 employees must comply with the law by July 1994. Occupational therapy managers must understand the employment provisions of the law and develop strategies for implementation in order to comply with its regulations. This paper suggests the use of a total quality management approach, as espoused by W. E. Deming (1986), as a framework for an implementation plan. This approach focuses on quality improvement in the organization, respect of all workers for their abilities, replacement of fear of persons with disabilities with respect, and the building of partnerships between employers and employees with disabilities. A summary of the provisions of Title I as well as a checklist of measures and a sample job description that adheres to the regulations of Title I is presented to prepare an organization to become compliant. Occupational therapists are seen as uniquely skilled professionals who can contribute greatly in their own organizations as well as act as consultants to other managers in implementing Title I of the ADA using a total quality approach.