cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging Circulating Monocytic Cells Fusing to Endothelial Cells in Acutely Injured and Regenerating Capillaries

AbstractThe present studies focus on monocytic circulating cells (CCs) interacting with the endothelial cells of pulmonary capillaries in acute lung injury. The CCs are further defined into sub-sets based on their structural profiles, i.e. CC1–3. They are shown to move into close apposition to adjacent capillary endothelium and to fuse to endothelial plasmalemmal membranes. Similarly, CCs are seen to fuse to the endothelial cells of regenerating capillaries after injury. Immunogold labeling studies demonstrate that CCs express a mediator promoting endothelial cell migration, proliferation and stability, i.e. VEGF, further supporting the potential of a paracrine interaction between the fusing cells, while the expression of CXCR4 by CCs, and of SDF-1α by adjacent endothelial cells, demonstrates a mechanism for retention of these cells at the capillary surface. Myeloid VEGF-R2+CD11b+ precursors and PDGF-Rβ+ expressing cells are identified within the CC population. The findings establish that, by fusing to en...
MORTALITY BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS IN THE NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL MORTALITY STUDY

A mortality follow-up of 452, 192 persons aged 25 years or more who were characterized with respect to employment status was conducted using the National Death Index for the years 1979 through 1983. The cohort, part of the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, was drawn from Current Population Survey samples representative of the US population using selected months during the years 1979-1983. Employed persons aged 25-64 years were found to have standardized mortality ratios from 61% to 74% of the average, depending upon their sex and race. Unemployed men had standardized mortality ratios slightly above 100, but these values were 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than those for employed white men and black men, respectively. Those classified as unable to work had very high mortality ratios, from two to seven times the average. In the older age groups, 65 years or more, very low mortality ratios were found for those who were still employed. These relations were maintained after adjustment for family income and educational level. These results 1) describe the magnitude of mortality risk for clearly defined employment categories, 2) identify segments of the population with especially high mortality requiring greater public health recognition, and 3) suggest further research into the health consequences of the various employment/nonemployment conditions.
Variability and Reliability of the Pendulum Test for Spasticity Using a Cybex® II Isokinetic Dynamometer

I undertook this study to determine the test-retest variability and reliability of the pendulum test for muscle spasticity performed with the Cybex® II isokinetic dynamometer. Thirty patients, with intracranial lesions and hemiplegia of 15 days' to 3 years' duration, were tested four times, consecutively. With the patients lying supine, the angle of flexion, at which the knee first reversed direction after the leg was dropped, was measured on each goniogram from the dynamometer chart recorder. The mean differences between the angles of reversal and the angles of maximum possible knee flexion (the relative angle of reversal) for the first through the fourth trials were 27.2, 27.0, 26.3, and 25.6 degrees, respectively. The relative angle of reversal did not differ significantly between trials. The mean difference between the largest and smallest relative angle of reversal for each of the subject's trials was 6.1 degrees. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the relative angle of reversal for the four trials was .96. Because the test variability was not significant and because the correlation between trials was high, the test may merit broader application to patients with intracranial lesions. Further investigation of variability across days and after treatments is advised.
Obtaining Accurate Ocean Surface Winds in Hurricane Conditions: A Dual-Frequency Scatterometry Approach

We describe a method for retrieving winds from colocated Ku- and C-band ocean wind scatterometers. The method utilizes an artificial neural network technique to optimize the weighting of the information from the two frequencies and to use the extra degrees of freedom to account for rain contamination in the measurements. A high-fidelity scatterometer simulation is used to evaluate the efficacy of the technique for retrieving hurricane force winds in the presence of heavy precipitation. Realistic hurricane wind and precipitation fields were simulated for three Atlantic hurricanes, Katrina and Rita in 2005 and Helene in 2006, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. These fields were then input into a radar simulation previously used to evaluate the Extreme Ocean Vector Wind Mission dual-frequency scatterometer mission concept. The simulation produced high-resolution dual-frequency normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) measurements. The simulated NRCS measurements were binned into 5 x 5 km wind cells. Wind speeds in each cell were estimated using an artificial neural network technique. The method was shown to retrieve accurate winds up to 50 m/s even in intense rain.
Evidence for a Defect in Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Signal Transduction in the Dwarf (dw/dw) Rat Pituitary

Dwarf (dw/dw) rats exhibit a 40% reduction in body growth, isolated GH deficiency (<5% of normal pituitary content), and a decreased number of pituitary somatotrophs (15–20% of normal). Since GH-releasing factor (GRF) stimulates GH synthesis and secretion and somatotroph proliferation, and its effects are probably mediated by cAMP, we have assessed GH secretion and cAMP production in dw rat pituitaries in response to various GH secretagogues. Dispersed pituitary cells from dw rats were less sensitive (2.5-fold) to stimulation of GH secretion by GRF and showed a 25% reduction in the maximal GH response even after normalization of their reduced GH content. Intracellular cAMP was elevated 63-fold over basal levels in normal cells after 4 h in response to maximal GRF stimulation, but only 1.9-fold in dw cells, and even larger differences between the groups were found at earlier time points. The GH responses of dw cells to exogenous cAMP, however, were indistinguishable from normal. Forskolin, a direct stimula...
The management decision in product strategy and pricing

This report discusses some of the aspects, considerations, and procedures in the organization and implementation of product planning and price determination of proprietary products in a competitive homogeneous oligopoly. These problems are considered from the viewpoint of a corporate executive. It is presumed that a marketing organization is functioning smoothly, and channels of distribution have been established. The major steps and functions performed in a typical product-development cycle are outlined in a flow chart. The product-planning and price-determination process for adaptive, emulative, and innovative proprietary products is discussed from a practical, though not too commonly implemented viewpoint. Specific emphasis is given to quantitative decision theory and variable costs in an effort to minimize the subjective or emotional bias in business decisions. Management decision making in this area requires a knowledge of economic theory, management sciences, legal requirements, and experience in “real world” business practices. The greatest variable in each of these problems is the human, since the emotional predisposition of people will cause them to attach special interpretations to each decision, situation, object, or even to other people. Therefore considered judgment should be used to understand the entire situation and the reasons causing the effects, in order to provide an opportunity for interpretation and control.
Rotational scarf (Z) osteotomy bunionectomy for correction of high intermetatarsal angles

A modification of the scarf osteotomy bunionectomy is described. The modification involves a change in the movement of the osseous fragments from lateral transposition to lateral rotation of the metatarsal head fragment around a stationary axis at the metatarsal base. Rotation of the distal fragment in this manner allows greater than 50% transposition and, therefore, higher intermetatarsal angle corrections can be obtained as compared to a transpositional scarf osteotomy. The configuration of the scarf osteotomy is more stable to the stress of weightbearing than the closing base wedge osteotomy, and this modification can provide a useful alternative to closing base wedge osteotomy for the correction of severe hallux valgus deformity.
AN ASPECT OF VARIABLE POPULATION POVERTY COMPARISONS: DOES ADDING A RICH PERSON TO A POPULATION REDUCE POVERTY?

Poverty indexes are essential for monitoring poverty, setting targets for poverty reduction, and tracking progress on these goals. This paper suggests that further justification is necessary for using the main poverty indexes in the literature in any of these ways. It does so by arguing that poverty should not decline with the mere addition of a rich person to a population and showing that the standard indexes do not satisfy this axiom. It, then, suggests a way of modifying these indexes to avoid this problem.
Sobriety in a post‐genocidal society: Good neighborliness among victims and aggressors in Rwanda?

(1999). Sobriety in a post‐genocidal society: Good neighborliness among victims and aggressors in Rwanda? Journal of Genocide Research: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25-41.
Quantitative trait locus for seizure susceptibility on mouse chromosome 5 confirmed with reciprocal congenic strains.

Multiple quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies designed to localize seizure susceptibility genes in C57BL/6 (B6, seizure resistant) and DBA/2 (D2, seizure susceptible) mice have detected a...
Corrosion Resistance of Ultrafine-Grained Pure Cu

Pure Cu samples were subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), and the corrosion resistance of the samples was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that the corrosion rate of the ultrafine-grained Cu decreases, in comparison with the coarse-grained Cu.
Safety of coil embolization of the internal iliac artery in endovascular grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Abstract Purpose: During endovascular grafting of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), iliac limb extension to the external iliac artery may be indicated when the common iliac artery is ectatic or aneurysmal. Preliminary or concomitant coil embolization of the internal iliac artery (IIA) is thus necessary to prevent potential reflux and endoleak. We sought to determine the safety of hypogastric flow interruption in this setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 156 patients who underwent stent-graft AAA repair at two institutions between February 1, 1998, and January 31, 1999. Coil embolization of one or both IIAs was undertaken when the diameter of the common iliac artery was more than 20 mm to enable limb endograft extension to the external iliac artery. Bilateral procedures were staged. Results: Thirty-nine (25%) of 156 patients were selected for coil embolization of one (n = 28) or both (n = 11) IIAs. The interventions were performed before (n = 31) or during (n = 8) the stent-graft procedure. Complications included groin hematomas in 3 patients, iliac artery dissection in 1, failure to catheterize the IIA in 2, and transient rise in the serum creatinine level in 3. One patient had erectile dysfunction, and five patients (13%) had buttock claudication after unilateral occlusion. Serious ischemic complications were not observed. Conclusion: Coil embolization of one or both IIAs appears to be safe in the setting of endovascular grafting of AAA. Buttock claudication is a relatively significant problem and may limit applicability of this strategy to patients who are unfit for standard open repair. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:684-8.)
Borderline, Narcissistic, and Histrionic Personality Disorders

This chapter focuses on three of the four personality disorders included in the dramatic, emotional, and impulsive cluster defined by DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). The personality disorders we will discuss are borderline (BPD), histrionic (HPD), and narcissistic personality disorders (NPD). These disorders appear to have many common features and often co-occur in patients. These are the disorders of the self. Antisocial personality disorder has been eliminated from this review of the dramatic-impulsive cluster disorders; it deserves its own distinct review because it has a long history and extensive literature. In contrast to the extensive empirical literature on antisocial personality disorder, we are just beginning to examine the disorders of the self.
CT Appearance of Adrenal Cystic Lymphangioma: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

OBJECTIVE. Cystic lymphangioma is an uncommon lesion in the adrenal gland. Because of the lesion's rarity, few descriptions of it can be found in the radiology literature. We therefore describe a series of these lesions with a focus on CT characteristics with correlation to gross and microscopic pathology features. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective review identified seven patients with definitive pathologic findings of cystic lymphangioma of the adrenal gland and available diagnostic CT examinations. CT examinations were reviewed for key imaging features and correlated to gross and microscopic pathology. Lesions were generally described in corresponding reports as likely representing adenomas or hematomas based on CT findings. RESULTS. All cystic lymphangiomas included in this series were well-circumscribed lesions with low-attenuation internal contents and thin walls, without evidence of solid components or nodularity. No measurable contrast enhancement was seen in these lesions. Six of the seven lesi...
Insight into One's Own Teaching through Feedback from Students' Evaluations

Analysis of responses from self- and class-evaluations on two occasions (midterm and end-of-term) on a 26-item evaluation form showed nonsignificant respondent and occasion effects but a significant interaction. Quick feedback of midterm evaluations followed by dialogue between instructor and class produced a significant increase in mean class-evaluations, but the instructor decreased his self-evaluations. Class means (n = 31) for items correlated .93 on the two occasions and midterm self-evaluations correlated .60 and .65 with class-evaluations. Largest gains were made on items rated lowest at midterm.
Laboratory Biology and Rearing of Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasite of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) attacked all five host ( Lygus hesperus Knight) nymphal instars, successfully parasitizing instars 1 through 4. Time to parasite emergence increased when younger instars were attacked. Parasite larvae emerged from host instar 3 through adult. The most cocoons per female parasite were produced when host instars 2 or 3 were attacked. All host instars yielded similar numbers of female offspring per female parasite. No increase in offspring per female parent was found when nymphs were exposed for periods greater than 1 h. The most cocoons per female parasite were obtained when 75 hosts per parasite female were exposed. There was no increase in female offspring with more than 50 hosts per parasite female. A successful rearing procedure was developed with the aid of these data.
Waved Albatross Egg Neglect and Associated Mosquito Ectoparasitism

Seabirds that nest on small, remote oceanic islands escape reproductive losses to predators that affect the breeding ofcontinental birds (Lack 1954, Ricklefs 1969), and food availability is generally thought to limit reproductive success (Ashmole 197 1. Harris 1977. Nelson 1977). In several cases, however, ectoparasites have played a significant role in determining reproductive success of oceanic seabirds (Dutl? 1983 and references therein). Ectoparasites, or the diseases that they may transmit (e.g., van Riper et al. 1986) can cause nestling mortality directly during attacks (Fitch et al. 1946, Curry and Anderson 1987, McKilligan 1987) or indirectly by driving parents from colonies, sometimes en masse (Dully 1983). We add to this small but growing list of ectoparasite-mediated seabird reproductive failures by reporting group desertion of eggs by Waved Albatrosses (Diomedea irrorata), apparently in response to the bites of swarms of mosquitoes. Waved Albatrosses nest at only two sites, both in the eastern eauatorial Pacific: most breed on the southem coast and-inland high points of Isla Espaiiola (Hood Island) (o”N 9O”w) in the Galauaeos Islands. and an additional small colony has existid on Isla La Plata (1% 81”W) (Owre 1976) just west of the South American mainland. We studied the main Espaiiola population in April and May 1986 in conjunction with longterm studies of booby breeding ecology. The island, nesting habitat, and albatross breeding biology are described by Harris (1973). Laying of the one-egg clutch typically extends from mid-April until early June and most fledglings have left the colony by the end of the following December. Adults spend the nonbreeding season away from the breeding colony and, indeed, vacate the entire archipelago (Harris 1973). In 1986 albatrosses were first seen at sea near Espafiola on 8 March and on the island on 17 March, and the first egg was noted on 15 April. Laying proceeded rapidly for the rest of the month, and by the end of April at least 200 eggs had been laid within 3 km of our camp at the eastern end of the island. Eggs hatch 60 days after laying (Harris 1973), so the first hatching was expected in mid-June. April was a month of heavy rain on Espafiola (142 mm), as was the previous February (73 mm). During
Explicating the “Developmental” in Preschool Psychopathology

In this chapter on preschool psychopathology, we discuss common emotional and behavioral syndromes during the preschool developmental period, including attentional, oppositional, conduct, anxiety, and mood problems. Current knowledge based on the current classification system will be summarized briefly, including rates of disorders, patterns of comorbidity, and evidence of reliability and validity (e.g., stability of disorders, associations with impairment, observed behavior, and family history). The remainder and main focus of the chapter is devoted to applying a developmental psychopathology approach to examine preschool psychopathology within a dimensional, developmental domain framework. Recent measurement advances in the dimensional operationalization of behavior in preschool-age children are discussed. We then characterize four broad developmental domains: emotion regulation, self-control, social engagement, and internalization of rules and standards, and discuss their expression in early childhood as a framework for advancing knowledge of the spectrum of normal to abnormal behavior. Within each domain, we describe essential developmental capacities, normative variation in behavior, and clinically concerning deviation within each domain. In addition, we highlight the central features of each domain using an exemplary syndrome and highlight how the cross-cutting domains are relevant to other common syndromes as well. We also delineate steps for translating dimensional, developmentally sensitive measurement from research to clinical application. To conclude, we offer suggestions for future directions for research geared toward advancing multilevel, developmentally oriented conceptualization of psychopathology. Keywords: early childhood; preschool; psychopathology; developmental domains; measurement; dimensional approaches
Screening for Protein Markers from Serum of Patients with Pancreatic Carcinoma by Protein Finger Printing Technique

Objective: To screen for protein markers from serum of patients with pancreatic carcinoma by SELDI-TOF-MS. Methods: A case-control study of 18 serum samples from patients with pancteatic carcinoma and 18 serum samples from healthy control was carried out with strong anionic exchange proteinchip. Results: Analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS with SAX, eight protein biomarkers were identified including three up-regulated protein biomarkers with relative molecular weights of 4136.60, 4465.92 and 4359.53Da, respectively and five down-regulated ones with relative molecular weights of 5856.8, 7564.52, 5116.1, 2042.78 and 2016.44 Da, respectively in the serum of patients with pancreatic carcinoma compared with the healthy controls. There was a statistical difference in one protein biomarker with weight of 4136.60Da between 11 cases of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of other kinds of carcinoma. ROC curve analysis revealed that these six identified protein biomarkers had a sensitivity of 83%-94% and a specificity of 56%-67% for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Conclusion: Some potential protein biomarkers with good sensitivity and specificity in the serum of patients with pancreatic carcinoma can be helpful for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Cyber defense competition: a tale of two teams

Collegiate Cyber Defense Competitions have recently grown in popularity as a means of providing real-world experiences to students learning computer security at the college level. Preparation and training for these competitions focuses students on essential skills needed to defend networks against real threats and better prepares them for the problems and conditions they may encounter outside the protection of university run labs. This paper highlights the benefits of Cyber Defense Competitions and documents the experiences of two teams that trained and competed in the Northwest regional cyber defense competition. Both teams benefited from participating in the competition with students expressing positive learning experiences. Recommendations for other schools that may be interested in competing or setting up in-house cyber defense exercises will be presented.
What is past is prologue: a population-based case-control study of repeat victimization, premature mortality, and homicide

We examined risk of male premature mortality associated with recent criminal victimization. Prior victimization is among the most consistent predictors of future risk but the explanation of repeat victimization remains elusive. Two general perspectives frame this debate. According to the state-dependence perspective, repeat victimization is forged through intervening processes connecting an initial with a subsequent violent victimization. According to the risk-heterogeneity perspective, this association is spurious because all victimization events for a person result from underlying individual traits. Research on health outcomes and premature mortality provides related, but often overlooked, conceptual assumptions about the co-occurring health burden of preventable injuries and disease. We extend and apply each of these perspectives in the current study to assess the nature and sources of repeat violent victimization. Data were from the Izhevsk (Russia) Family Study, a large-scale population-based case-control study. Cases (n = 1750) were all male deaths aged 25–54 living in Izhevsk between October 2003 and October 2005. Controls (n = 1750) were randomly selected from a city population register. Key independent variables were prior year prevalence of violent, property, and residential victimization. We used logistic regression to estimate mortality odds ratios. Results provided evidence for state dependence. We found that (i) after controlling for indicators of risk heterogeneity men who had been victims of violence (but not property or residential crime) within the past year were 2.6 times more likely than those who had not to die prematurely; and (ii) the only type of death for which risk was higher was homicide. Aggr. Behav. 9999:1–14, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rectal Diazepam for Repetitive Seizures

The effectiveness and safety of a single-dose Diastat (diazepam rectal gel) for treating clusters of acute repetitive seizures in a nonmedical setting by caregivers was evaluated by a multicenter, double-blind study at Oregon Health Sciences University and 28 other centers.
Effective Use of Search Functionality in Pakistan E-Government Websites

The modern era of technology makes technology an integrated part of our lives. The information and communication technology ICTs and information technology has diverse impacts on the human lives both in positive and negative aspects. The modern emerging trends in the technology and their impact on the human race encourage researchers to develop new enhanced techniques. The researchers proposed the concept of e-government to use the information technology and information and communication technology (ICT) and web-services to encourage the involvement of different stakeholders in the development and enhancement of government procedures. The electronic government directorate of Pakistan under the supervision of Ministry of Information approves an e-government plan. This paper provides an insight into the importance of search functionality in the e-government websites of Pakistan. A survey is conducted to evaluate the importance of search functionality and effective use of search functionality to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of the websites.
A simple unit root testing methodology that does not require knowledge regarding the presence of a break

ABSTRACTWe develop a simple methodology that allows practitioners to test for the presence of a unit root without a priori knowledge regarding the occurrence of a break under the null hypothesis. We use a pre-test that is readily available in the estimated regression used to calculate the unit root statistics, and so our methodology is very easy to implement. The t-statistic corresponding to the impulse dummy variables evaluated at break date estimator is used as a pre-test to ascertain whether a break exists under the null hypothesis. Finite sample simulations show that our methodology yields tests that maintain their size.
Sub-4 nm PtZn Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Mass and Specific Activities in Catalytic Electrooxidation Reaction

Atomically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles (iNPs) have sparked considerable interest in fuel cell applications by virtue of their exceptional electronic and structural properties. However, the synthesis of small iNPs in a controllable manner remains a formidable challenge because of the high temperature generally required in the formation of intermetallic phases. Here we report a general method for the synthesis of PtZn iNPs (3.2 ± 0.4 nm) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) via a facile and capping agent free strategy using a sacrificial mesoporous silica (mSiO2) shell. The as-prepared PtZn iNPs exhibited ca. 10 times higher mass activity in both acidic and basic solution toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) compared to larger PtZn iNPs synthesized on MWNT without the mSiO2 shell. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that PtZn systems go through a “non-CO” pathway for MOR because of the stabilization of the OH* intermediate by Zn atoms, while a pure Pt system forms highly s...
Multilesion glioblastoma multiforme in the modern chemo-radiotherapy era: an analysis of pattern of failure and overall survival

We sought to evaluate the pattern of disease progression and survival of patients with multilesion glioblastoma (GBM) in a modern patient cohort. We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients over 2004–2014 with newly diagnosed GBM. Following resection (or biopsy), all patients received radiotherapy to 60 Gy in 30 fractions with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Preoperative MRIs were reviewed by a single diagnostic radiologist blinded to treatment outcomes and categorized as single focus or multilesion (multifocal/multicentric). Multifocal tumors were defined as noncontiguous enhancement along known neural pathways and multicentric tumors were defined as noncontiguous enhancement along disjointed pathways (i.e., different lobes). Univariate and multivariate (MVA) analyses were performed to investigate factors prognostic of overall survival. Of 155 eligible patients, 30 presented with a multilesion tumor focus (19.4%). Of the patients that developed recurrent disease before death (n = 123), the predominant pattern of failure was local (80%) and did not differ by focality (p = 0.18). Unifocal, multifocal, and multicentric tumors demonstrated similar actuarial disease progression (p = 0.12). Median survival was inferior in patients with multifocal and multicentric disease compared to unifocal disease (11.5, 7.1, and 18.0 months, respectively, p = 0.009). On MVA, factors prognostic of overall survival included age ≥70 (HR 3.89, p < 0.001), MGMT promoter hypermethylation (HR 0.21, p = 0.004), IDH1/2 mutation status (p = 0.044), and multicentric tumors (HR 7.18, p = 0.002). Extent of tumor resection did not impact OS (p = 0.308). We identified unifocal, multifocal, and multicentric GBM entities with differing overall survival following modern chemo-radiotherapy techniques despite similar pattern of disease progression.
Torsin ATPases: Harnessing Dynamic Instability for Function.

Torsins are essential, disease-relevant AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) proteins residing in the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space, where they are implicated in a variety of cellular functions. Recently, new structural and functional details about Torsins have emerged that will have a profound influence on unraveling the precise mechanistic details of their yet-unknown mode of action in the cell. While Torsins are phylogenetically related to Clp/HSP100 proteins, they exhibit comparatively weak ATPase activities, which are tightly controlled by virtue of an active site complementation through accessory cofactors. This control mechanism is offset by a TorsinA mutation implicated in the severe movement disorder DYT1 dystonia, suggesting a critical role for the functional Torsin-cofactor interplay in vivo. Notably, TorsinA lacks aromatic pore loops that are both conserved and critical for the processive unfolding activity of Clp/HSP100 proteins. Based on these distinctive yet defining features, we discuss how the apparent dynamic nature of the Torsin-cofactor system can inform emerging models and hypotheses for Torsin complex formation and function. Specifically, we propose that the dynamic assembly and disassembly of the Torsin/cofactor system is a critical property that is required for Torsins’ functional roles in nuclear trafficking and nuclear pore complex assembly or homeostasis that merit further exploration. Insights obtained from these future studies will be a valuable addition to our understanding of disease etiology of DYT1 dystonia.
Indications for Reoperative Parathyroidectomy

Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism will successfully cure the vast majority of patients. However, a small number of patients will experience persistent or recurrent disease after their primary parathyroidectomy. Selecting which of these patients should undergo reoperative surgery is challenging. While the indications to proceed with surgery may be present, proceeding with surgery requires careful consideration of multiple patient and disease characteristics that impact the likelihood of success. Critically, without reliable localization information directing the surgeon, reoperation should only be conducted in patients with severe sequelae of their disease.
Police contacts, arrests and decreasing self‐control and personal responsibility among female adolescents

Background Female involvement in the juvenile justice system (JJS) has increased rapidly in recent years. Although deficits in self-control and responsibility are associated with delinquency and higher rates of police contacts and arrests, much of this research has focused on males and/or selected samples of youth who already have a history of JJS involvement. Furthermore, little is known about the extent to which police contacts and arrests may disrupt normative psychosocial maturation. Methods Police contacts, arrests, levels of self-control and personal responsibility were assessed annually between 12 and 17 years in a population-based sample of 2,450 adolescent females. Fixed-effects regression models, which control for stable individual characteristics, were used to examine whether within-adolescent changes in self-control, and responsibility were associated concurrently and prospectively with police contacts and arrests, and vice versa. Results Across adolescence, 5%-12% participants reported police contacts and 1%-4% were arrested. After adjusting for covariates, within-person increases in self-control and responsibility were associated concurrently with decreased odds of police contact. Increasing responsibility also predicted lower likelihood of police contact in the following year. When testing reverse causation, results showed that police contact predicted next year decreases in personal responsibility, and that being arrested predicted decreasing levels of self-control and responsibility in the following year. Conclusions The study shows more clearly than previous work that increasing levels of responsibility precede decreased police contact in nonselected adolescent females, and that contacts with the justice system during adolescence may delay or undermine normative psychosocial maturation, highlighting important targets for intervention.
GABA release selectively regulates synapse development at distinct inputs on direction-selective retinal ganglion cells.

Synaptic inhibition controls a neuron’s output via functionally distinct inputs at two subcellular compartments, the cell body and the dendrites. It is unclear whether the assembly of these distinct inhibitory inputs can be regulated independently by neurotransmission. In the mammalian retina, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from starburst amacrine cells (SACs) onto the dendrites of on–off direction-selective ganglion cells (ooDSGCs) is essential for directionally selective responses. We found that ooDSGCs also receive GABAergic input on their somata from other amacrine cells (ACs), including ACs containing the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). When net GABAergic transmission is reduced, somatic, but not dendritic, GABAA receptor clusters on the ooDSGC increased in number and size. Correlative fluorescence imaging and serial electron microscopy revealed that these enlarged somatic receptor clusters are localized to synapses. By contrast, selectively blocking vesicular GABA release from either SACs or VIP ACs did not alter dendritic or somatic receptor distributions on the ooDSGCs, showing that neither SAC nor VIP AC GABA release alone is required for the development of inhibitory synapses in ooDSGCs. Furthermore, a reduction in net GABAergic transmission, but not a selective reduction from SACs, increased excitatory drive onto ooDSGCs. This increased excitation may drive a homeostatic increase in ooDSGC somatic GABAA receptors. Differential regulation of GABAA receptors on the ooDSGC’s soma and dendrites could facilitate homeostatic control of the ooDSGC’s output while enabling the assembly of the GABAergic connectivity underlying direction selectivity to be indifferent to altered transmission.
Assuming the worst: Hostile attribution bias in vulnerable narcissists

Past research suggests that grandiose narcissists expect admiration from others and are punitive against transgressors, but vulnerable narcissists are not nearly so socially confident. Instead, vul...
Reversal of Cognitive Impairment in gp120 Transgenic Mice by the Removal of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor.

Activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), by the proneurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), triggers loss of synapses and promotes neuronal death. These pathological features are also caused by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) envelope protein gp120, which increases the levels of proBDNF. To establish whether p75NTR plays a role in gp120-mediated neurite pruning, we exposed primary cultures of cortical neurons from p75NTR-/- mice to gp120. We found that the lack of p75NTR expression significantly reduced gp120-mediated neuronal cell death. To determine whether knocking down p75NTR is neuroprotective in vivo, we intercrossed gp120 transgenic (tg) mice with p75NTR heterozygous mice to obtain gp120tg mice lacking one or two p75NTR alleles. The removal of p75NTR alleles inhibited gp120-mediated decrease of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus, as measured by the levels of PSD95 and subunits of the N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor in synaptosomes. Moreover, the deletion of only one copy of the p75NTR gene was sufficient to restore the cognitive impairment observed in gp120tg mice. Our data suggest that activation of p75NTR is one of the mechanisms crucial for the neurotoxic effect of gp120. These data indicate that p75NTR antagonists could provide an adjunct therapy against synaptic simplification caused by HIV.
Master Protocol Trial Design for Efficient and Rational Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Oncology Devices

Historically, the gold standard for evaluation of cancer therapeutics, including medical devices, has been the randomized clinical trial. Although high-quality clinical data are essential for safe and judicious use of therapeutic oncology devices, class II devices require only preclinical data for US Food and Drug Administration approval and are often not rigorously evaluated prior to widespread uptake. Herein, we review master protocol design in medical oncology and its application to therapeutic oncology devices, using examples from radiation oncology. Unique challenges of clinical testing of radiation oncology devices (RODs) include patient and treatment heterogeneity, lack of funding for trials by industry and health-care payers, and operator dependence. To address these challenges, we propose the use of master protocols to optimize regulatory, financial, administrative, quality assurance, and statistical efficiency of trials evaluating RODs. These device-specific master protocols can be extrapolated to other devices and encompass multiple substudies with the same design, statistical considerations, logistics, and infrastructure. As a practical example, we outline our phase I and II master protocol trial of stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging-guided adaptive radiotherapy, which to the best of our knowledge is the first master protocol trial to test a ROD. Development of more efficient clinical trials is needed to promote thorough evaluation of therapeutic oncology devices, including RODs, in a resource-limited environment, allowing more practical and rapid identification of the most valuable advances in our field.
Anatomic dual mobility compared to modular dual mobility in primary total hip arthroplasty: a matched cohort study.

Abstract Background Dual mobility (DM) has been used in primary total hip arthroplasty recently for their low dislocation rates, low revision rates, and improved patient functional outcomes. We compared 2 DM systems, anatomic dual mobility (ADM; Stryker, Mahwah, NJ) and modular dual mobility (MDM; Stryker, Mahwah, NJ), to determine differences in dislocation rates, revision rates, and patient outcome scores. Methods The study was a single-center matched retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty surgery with an ADM or MDM system by a single surgeon from 2012 to 2017. Demographics, operative details, postoperative patient-reported outcomes, and clinical outcomes were recorded. A Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve to compare survival time between groups was collected as well. Results Five hundred seventy-four patients were included in the study with 287 patients matched in each group with mean 2.86 years of follow-up. The dislocation rate in each cohort was 0%, the acetabular-specific revision rate was 0%, and in each cohort, overall revision rate in each cohort was 1.7%. In general, patient-reported outcomes were similar for each group (Harris Hip Score Pain (P = .919), Harris Hip Score Function (P = .736), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (P = .139), Pain Visual Analog Scale (P = .146), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (P = .99), University of California, Los Angeles (P = .417), and Harris Hip Score Total (P = .136). There was a slight clinically insignificant increase in hip flexion between the cohorts favoring the ADM group (98.6 ± 9.8 vs 94.0 ± 9.7, P Conclusions Both DM systems had similar patient-reported outcomes that were quite favorable. At 2.86 years of follow-up, neither the ADM nor MDM systems demonstrated dislocation, and both had low acetabular-specific and overall revision rates in this matched cohort study.
MetaMetric Approach in Performance Assessment of System Level Controllers for Different Operational Objectives

Power system performances are evaluated based on different objective functions, such as cost, energy losses, service quality, bus voltage stability, etc. In this paper, we propose a methodology to combine different performance objective functions (POF) into a single metric called MetaMetric, that is calculated based on operational preferences and goals of the system. We applied and tested this methodology to assess the performance of an evolutionary-based distributed energy management in a hybrid AC-DC microgrid with distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage devices (ESDs), in four different scenarios. This paper analyzes the effect of DERs, ESDs and the proposed controller, in improving the performance of the original system. Results are also categorized through a fitness function for linguistic assessment. Also, this paper introduces some important POFs and a methodology to standardize those functions into metrics for uniform evaluation. The MetaMetric is calculated by combining weighted standard metrics that represent the significance of their respected POFs. This process allows energy systems' performance to be monitored with one single metric, that is specifically calculated based on operational situations.
Radicalized on Campus? (Un)Coded Whiteness as Campus Social Movement

This paper explores how whiteness is rhetorically employed in the recruitment and organizational strategies of conservative student campus groups prior to, during, and after the 2016 US presidential election cycle and during the 2020 presidential election cycle. Drawing on both critical whiteness studies and social movements, this study examines how conservative students engage in framing processes designed to convert non-adherents to adherents of a group ideology and interrogates how whiteness influences this framing. Through a multi-site case study analysis incorporating observation, interviews, and a critical document analysis of over100 unique articles and student group artifacts (flyers, social media posts, student newspaper editorials) and over 2000 tweets over two distinct time points, I find that conservative student groups are employing whiteness to recruit new students over shared experiences “coming out” as conservative, identifying as the academically and intellectually rigorous side of the campus political debate, and disidentifying with contemporary campus liberalism.
Coverage in Networks with Hybrid Terahertz, Millimeter Wave, and Microwave Transmissions

In this paper, a three-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet) is considered, where access points (APs), small-cell base stations (SBSs) and macrocell BSs (MBSs) transmit in terahertz (THz), millimeter wave (mmWave), microwave frequency bands, respectively. Distinguishing features of transmission in each frequency band are taken into account, including the blockage model, path loss, beamforming and small-scale fading. Path loss based association criterion is considered for user equipments (UEs). By using tools from stochastic geometry, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the received signal power, the Laplace transform of the aggregate interference, and the SINR coverage probability are investigated, and general expressions are obtained. Finally, numerical results show that making the THz APs more densely distributed can enhance the received signal power but decrease the SINR coverage probability.
A Matrix Autoencoder Framework to Align the Functional and Structural Connectivity Manifolds as Guided by Behavioral Phenotypes

We propose a novel matrix autoencoder to map functional connectomes from resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to structural connectomes from Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), as guided by subject-level phenotypic measures. Our specialized autoencoder infers a low dimensional manifold embedding for the rs-fMRI correlation matrices that mimics a canonical outer-product decomposition. The embedding is simultaneously used to reconstruct DTI tractography matrices via a second manifold alignment decoder and to predict inter-subject phenotypic variability via an artificial neural network. We validate our framework on a dataset of 275 healthy individuals from the Human Connectome Project database and on a second clinical dataset consisting of 57 subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We demonstrate that the model reliably recovers structural connectivity patterns across individuals, while robustly extracting predictive and interpretable brain biomarkers in a cross-validated setting. Finally, our framework outperforms several baselines at predicting behavioral phenotypes in both real-world datasets.
Funding Shocks and Competition in the Mortgage Market

How do primary and secondary mortgage markets interact? This paper shows that funding shocks to mortgage originators interact with the degree of local credit market competition to increase lending growth. Specifically, I use a shift-share approach to estimate the causal effect of the growth in private-label securitization related funding. This effect is stronger in more competitive mortgage markets; with less-regulated non-bank lenders being most responsive to this competition channel. The results emphasize the interaction between the two layers of the mortgage market and document how credit market structure can amplify, or dampen, shocks to the economy.
Doing Bad by Doing Good: Why Humanitarian Action Fails

In 2010, Haiti was ravaged by a brutal earthquake that affected the lives of millions. The call to assist those in need was heard around the globe. Yet two years later humanitarian efforts led by governments and NGOs have largely failed. Resources are not reaching the needy due to bureaucratic red tape, and many assets have been squandered. How can efforts intended to help the suffering fail so badly? In this timely and provocative book, Christopher J. Coyne uses the economic way of thinking to explain why this and other humanitarian efforts that intend to do good end up doing nothing or causing harm. In addition to Haiti, Coyne considers a wide range of interventions. He explains why the U.S. government was ineffective following Hurricane Katrina, why the international humanitarian push to remove Muammar Gaddafi in Libya may very well end up causing more problems than prosperity, and why decades of efforts to respond to crises and foster development around the world have resulted in repeated failures. In place of the dominant approach to state-led humanitarian action, this book offers a bold alternative, focused on establishing an environment of economic freedom. If we are willing to experiment with aid-asking questions about how to foster development as a process of societal discovery, or how else we might engage the private sector, for instance-we increase the range of alternatives to help people and empower them to improve their communities. Anyone concerned with and dedicated to alleviating human suffering in the short term or for the long haul, from policymakers and activists to scholars, will find this book to be an insightful and provocative reframing of humanitarian action.