cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief paper: Robust minimum time control of flexible structures

We investigate the existence and uniqueness of robust time-optimal control solutions of flexible structures for rest-to-rest motion. We show that several robust time-optimal control designs for flexible systems are equivalent to traditional nonrobust time-optimal controls for different systems. This equivalence implies that the robust time-optimal controllers must then have all the properties that are known about traditional timeoptimal controllers. Further, many of the numerical methods developed for generating time-optimal commands are directly applicable to designing robust time-optimal commands.
Uniquely colorable graphs

Abstract A graph is called uniquely colorable if there is only one partition of its point set into the smallest possible number of color classes. Theorems concerning uniquely colorable graphs G include: o (1) The subgraph of G induced by the union of two color classes is connected. (2) Every homomorphic image of G is also uniquely colorable. (3) If a single new point w is added to G, and also at least one line joining w with each color class of G, then the resulting graph is uniquely colorable. (4) If u is a point of G of degree χ(G)−1, then G−u is uniquely colorable. A result concerning n-colorable graphs is strengthened by a proof that, for all n≥3, there exists a uniquely n-colorable graph not containing Kn.
A positive relationship between the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and natural abundance δ15N of ecosystems

Abstract We present a significant relationship between the natural abundance isotopic composition of ecosystem pools and the abundance of a microbial gene. Natural abundance 15N of soils and soil DNA were analysed and compared with archaeal ammonia oxidizer abundance along an elevation gradient in northern Arizona and along a substrate age gradient in Hawai'i. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of archaeal amoA genes and natural abundance δ15N of total soil or DNA suggesting that ammonia oxidizing archaea play an important role in ecosystem N release.
Paraquat-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells

Abstract We have examined the possibility that paraquat (PQ) may exert its toxicity by inducing DNA damage. Mouse lymphoblasts in culture exhibited inhibition of colony forming ability and DNA single strand breaks following a 2 hour exposure to PQ. These phenomenon are dose dependent and increase when a rat liver S9 fraction is included in the incubation mixture. The presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase did not prevent the effects of PQ. Our data indicate that DNA should be considered as a possibile macromolecular target for the lethal effects of paraquat.
Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis successfully treated with etanercept.

Patient: Female, 51 Final Diagnosis: Interstitial Granulomatous Dermatitis Symptoms: Joint pain • pruritic rush Medication: Etanercept Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Rheumatology Objective: Rare disease
Serum IgG and IgM Levels to Bacterial Antigens in Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

Previous studies of the systemic antibody response in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) have elicited varying results. The purpose of this study was to determine the humoral response to site-specific isolates of microbiota associated with NUG. Sera from 21 active NUG subjects and 21 age-sex-race matched controls were assessed for IgG and IgM antibodies to 4 clinical isolates of Prevotella intermedia and 3 clinical isolates of Treponema species. P. intermedia and Treponema strains were isolated from active and inactive sites of NUG patients and gingivitis sites of controls. P. intermedia was also isolated from noninflamed sites of the controls. IgG and IgM serum levels to these 7 bacteria were measured by ELISA. Compared to control subjects, the NUG sera exhibited significantly lower IgG and IgM levels to all 4 isolates of P. intermedia (P ≤0.001). It was also noted that sera from NUG subjects had elevated IgM levels to all 3 spirochete isolates but significantly higher only to the spirochete isolate...
Validity as intended: ‘bursting forth toward’ bridling in phenomenological research

In this theoretical manuscript, I use Sartre’s image of intentionality as a ‘bursting forth toward’ to describe what it was like for me to bridle my pre‐understandings and developing understandings as I studied moments middle grades teachers recognize and respond when students do not understand something during instruction. In doing so, I suggest that throughout the study I consistently found myself in resistance to a giving‐finding meaning dualism that divides the two primary approaches to conducting phenomenological research – interpretive (from Heidegger) and descriptive (from Husserl). To this end, I theorize that validity in phenomenological research might best be described through intentionality, because the validity will always move with and through the researcher’s intentional relationship with the phenomenon – not simply in the researcher, in the participants, in the text, in their power positions, but in the dynamic intentional relationships that tie participants, the researcher, the produced te...
Effect of sediment depth and sediment type on the survival of Vallisneria americana Michx grown from tubers

Abstract Sedimentation resulting from storms may have been one of the reasons for the elimination of submersed aquatic vegetation from the tidal Potomac River in the late 1930's. Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the effects of different depths of overlying sediment and composition of sediment on the survival of Vallisneria americana Michx (wildcelery) grown from tubers. Survival of plants grown from tubers decreased significantly with increasing sediment depth. Survival of tubers declined from 90% or more when buried in 10 cm to no survival in greater than 25 cm of sediment. Survival with depth in sand was significantly lower than in silty clay. Field investigation determined that the majority of tubers in Vallisneria beds are distributed between 10 and 20 cm in depth in silty clay and between 5 and 15 cm in depth in sand. Based on the field distribution of tubers and on the percent survival of plants growing from tubers at each depth in the laboratory experiment, we suggest that the deposition of 10 cm or more of sediment by severe storms such as occurred in the 1930s could contribute to the loss of vegetation in the tidal Potomac River.
Philopatry and genetic differentation in the Aphelocoma jays (Corvidae)

The effects of philopatry on levels of genetic differentiation were examined in the Aphelocoma jays through comparisons of gray-breasted jays (A. ultramarina; highly philopatric) and scrub jays (A. coerulescens; dispersing). Gray-breasted jays breed cooperatively in groups of up to 25 individuals, with individuals typically breeding either on the natal territory or on adjacent territories. Western North American scrub jays breed in non-cooperative pairs, with individuals typically dispersing at least 0.5 km, and often much farther. Genetic differentiation among six populations in northern Mexico and the south-western United States in each of the species was compared using starch-gel electrophoresis of protein products of 29 presumptive genetic loci. Strong differences in levels of genetic differentiation exist between the two species, both when measured using F-statistics and in terms of the slope of the isolation by distance relationship. These results suggest that social systems involving high degrees of philopatry may lead to considerably elevated rates of genetic differentiation and speciation.
Is Marxist philosophy withering away

Gorbachev's ascent to power in the Soviet Union in 1985 and the events that followed appear to have led to a dramatic decline in philosophers' interest in Marxist philosophy. The magnitudes of philosophical literature on Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Hegel recorded in annual volumes ofThe Philosopher's Index have all been shrinking in recent years. In the 1992 volume, the share of the publications on Marx within all philosophical publications has dropped to almost one-third of what it was on average in the 1981–1985 volumes, on Engels and Lenin to about one-fifth, and on Hegel to about two-thirds.
Is perceptual learning unimodal

Two experiments evaluated change in the perception of an environmental property (object length) in each of 3 perceptual modalities (vision, audition, and haptics) when perceivers were provided with the opportunity to experience the same environmental property by means of an additional perceptual modality (e.g., haptics followed by vision, vision followed by audition, or audition followed by haptics). Experiment 1 found that (a) posttest improvements in perceptual consistency occurred in all 3 perceptual modalities, regardless of whether practice included experience in an additional perceptual modality and (b) posttest improvements in perceptual accuracy occurred in haptics and audition but only when practice included experience in an additional perceptual modality. Experiment 2 found that learning curves in each perceptual modality could be accommodated by a single function in which auditory perceptual learning occurred over short time scales, haptic perceptual learning occurred over middle time scales, a...
Ethics, Entrepreneurs and Corporate Managers: A Canadian Study

Abstract This study found that Canadian entrepreneurs and corporate managers differed little in terms of their ethical attitudes. This similarity could be explained by similar cultural, legal, and socio-demographic factors that affect the ethical attitudes of both groups. However, there were a few significant differences in ethical attitudes between the groups. Specifically, entrepreneurs were more likely to perceive certain practices as more unethical, including the use of company services for personal use; taking company time for personal use; exaggerating the performance of a company's product/service; and unfairly criticizing competitors’ products. The theory of property might explain these findings given the entrepreneur would want to preserve and sustain his/her property over time by not engaging in such practices. Overall, given the high ethical attitudes of the entrepreneurs in this study, it seems possible that the new entrepreneurial society will also have an elevated ethical tone.
Hematocrit level and postsurgical outcome: powers of observation.

Context Elderly patients are at high risk of both abnormal hematocrit values and cardiovascular complications of noncardiac surgery. Despite nearly universal screening of patients for abnormal preoperative hematocrit levels, limited evidence demonstrates the adverse effects of preoperative anemia or polycythemia. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of preoperative anemia and polycythemia and their effects on 30-day postoperative outcomes in elderly veterans undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Design Retrospective cohort study using the VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Based on preoperative hematocrit levels, we stratified patients into standard categories of anemia (hematocrit 54%). We then estimated increases in 30-day postoperative cardiac event and mortality risks in relation to each hematocrit point deviation from the normal category. Setting and Patients A total of 310 311 veterans aged 65 years or older who underwent major noncardiac surgery between 1997 and 2004 in 132 Veterans' Affairs medical centers across the United States. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality; a secondary outcome measure was composite 30-day postoperative mortality or cardiac events (cardiac arrest or Q-wave myocardial infarction). Results Thirty-day mortality and cardiac event rates increased monotonically, with either positive or negative deviations from normal hematocrit levels. We found a 1.6% (95% confidence interval, 1.1 %-2.2%) increase in 30-day postoperative mortality associated with every percentage-point increase or decrease in the hematocrit value from the normal range. Additional analyses suggest that the adjusted risk of 30-day postoperative mortality and cardiac morbidity begins to rise when hematocrit levels decrease to less than 39% or exceed 51 %. Conclusions Even mild degrees of preoperative anemia or polycythemia were associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative mortality and cardiac events in older, mostly male veterans undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Future studies should determine whether these findings are reproducible in other populations and if preoperative management of anemia or polycythemia decreases the risk of postoperative mortality.
Cytokinetic evaluation of the four‐drug combination of bleomycin, vincristine, mitomycin c, and methotrexate (BOMM) in cultured burkitt'S lymphoma cells and human bone marrow

The four-drug combination of bleomycin, vincristine, mitomycin C and methotrexate produces a high response rate in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In this study we have examined the cytokinetic effects of this drug combination in vitro and in human bone marrow in vivo. The in vitro analysis revealed that mitomycin C produces a concentration dependent slowing of S-phase transit with partial G2/M and G1/S blocks in cell cycle progression. A partially synchronized S-wave occurs 4-8 and 16-20 hours following a two-hour drug exposure. Bleomycin produces a dose dependent G2/M block during a 14-hour drug exposure. Drug removal did not result in appreciable cell cycle synchrony. In vitro exposure to the two drug combination resulted in loss of both the marked G2/M accumulation seen with bleomycin, and the partially synchronized S-phase waves seen following mitomycin C exposure. The sequential changes in bone marrow cytokinetics were determined in eight patients during and following administration of vincristine, mitomycin C and a continuous four-day infusion of bleomycin. The major cytokinetic changes observed were an increase in G2/M phase cells 18 hours following vincristine, and an increase in thymidine incorporation and S-phase cells 24 and 48 hours following the end of the bleomycin infusion. The clinical course of 24 patients was reviewed. Eleven patients who received methotrexate 36 to 42 hours following bleomycin had a subsequent median leukocyte nadir of 1.8 x 10(3)/mm3. Thirteen patients receiving methotrexate 60 to 72 hours after bleomycin had median leukocyte nadir of 3.9 x 10(3)/mm3. The objective response rates in the two groups was 75% and 80%, respectively. This study demonstrates that bone marrow cytokinetic analysis may allow schedule modification to avoid myelosuppression without loss of therapeutic activity.
Performing theory/embodied writing

This essay performatively expresses specific theoretical ruminations on class, language, and race. This writing is a performance, while it is or is not necessarily for the “stage.” The performance seeks a felt‐sensing meeting between theory, writing, and performing. The performer claims an uneasy possession of performance as a means of both subjectivity and freedom. Theory becomes another way to know performance better; and performance becomes the desired illuminator of theory. From the burlesque to the sublime, the performer conjures four different encounters with her theoretical fathers: Karl Marx, Ferdinand de Saussure, Jacques Derrida, and Frantz Fanon. Needing useful theory‐from the ‘high’ ground of scholarship to the ‘low’ ground of ancient re/tellings‐for useful purposes, the performer must first remember where theories begin.
Roughness effects on thermal-infrared emissivities estimated from remotely sensed images

Multispectral thermal-infrared images from the Mauna Loa caldera in Hawaii, USA are examined to study the effects of surface roughness on remotely retrieved emissivities. We find up to a 3% decrease in spectral contrast in ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) 90-m/pixel emissivities due to sub-pixel surface roughness variations on the caldera floor. A similar decrease in spectral contrast of emissivities extracted from MASTER (MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator) ~12.5-m/pixel data can be described as a function of increasing surface roughness, which was measured remotely from ASTER 15-m/pixel stereo images. The ratio between ASTER stereo images provides a measure of sub-pixel surface-roughness variations across the scene. These independent roughness estimates complement a radiosity model designed to quantify the unresolved effects of multiple scattering and differential solar heating due to sub-pixel roughness elements and to compensate for both sub-pixel temperature dispersion and cavity radiation on TIR measurements.
Clinical outcomes of double-row versus single-row rotator cuff repairs.

Purpose The purpose of this review was to determine whether there is a difference in the clinical outcome between single-row and double-row rotator cuff repairs. Methods We performed a systematic review of the results of clinical studies investigating and comparing double-row and single-row repair techniques. The articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed for quality of the study; the results were then reviewed to provide a concise conclusion regarding the clinical outcomes of double-row versus single-row rotator cuff repair. Results There were 3 Level I studies and 2 Level II studies comparing the clinical outcomes of double-row and single-row rotator cuff repair. At 1-year follow-up, there was no statistically significant clinical difference between patients who had undergone double-row repair and those who had undergone single-row rotator cuff repair. Conclusions Arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs with double-row repair show no significant difference compared with single-row repair in clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up. Additional prospective, randomized controlled trials are needed with longer-term follow-up to determine whether there is any clinical difference between the 2 techniques. Level of Evidence Level II, systematic review of Level I and II studies.
Size and geometry dependent protein–nanoparticle self-assembly

Fundamentally different assembly motifs are observed when proteins of different sizes are complexed with monolayer-protected nanoparticles.
Surgical Delivery in Under-resourced Settings: Building Systems and Capacity Around the Corner and Far Away

Service to patient and community has always been the sacred vow of every physician. Certainly for those marginalized in society—by poverty, plague, isolation, or disaster—our obligationtakesonrenewedimportance.As thephysicianFrancis Weld Peabody wrote in his classic essay “The Care of the Patient,” “One of the essential qualities of the clinician is interest in humanity, for the secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient.”1 During the past decade, this focus oncommunities inneedhasbeenreinforced in thesurgicaldisciplines by the growing interest in global surgery. Global surgery is the practice of surgery—and the development of systems for surgical care—in resource-limited settings. We now seeanewgenerationof traineespursuingcareers inglobal surgeryandanexplosionof fellowships, training tracks, andclerkship opportunities focused on global surgery.2 Additionally, there have been a number of collaborative,multi-institution, multinational efforts to incorporate surgical care into global public health discourse. Some recent examples include the publication of a volume on surgery in the third edition of Disease Control Priorities3 as well as the development of a Lancet commission on global surgery.4 Global surgery as a discipline has, to date, focused on the provision of surgical care in resource-limited settings— largely in impoverished countries around theworld—by trainees and practicing surgeons from the United States and other resource-rich settings. It is equally important, though, to recognize that resource-limited settingsdonot exist solely in lowandmiddle-incomecountries; they are also abundant as “deserts of care” in high-income countries such as the United States.5 As the field of global surgery further develops, a number of key issues are crucial to consider and emphasize, including a need to focus on systems development and capacity building, locally driven care, public health challenges and solutions, and the ethics of global surgical work.
Validation of the Yale Swallow Protocol: A Prospective Double-Blinded Videofluoroscopic Study

The purpose of this prospective, double-blinded, multirater, systematic replication study was to investigate agreement for aspiration risk, in the same individual, between videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) and the Yale Swallow Protocol. Participants were 25 consecutive adults referred for dysphagia testing who met the inclusion criteria of completion of a brief cognitive assessment, oral mechanism examination, and no tracheotomy tube. First, all participants were administered the Yale Swallow Protocol by two experienced speech-language pathologists trained in protocol administration. Failure criteria were inability to drink the entire amount, interrupted drinking, or coughing during or immediately after drinking. Second, all participants completed a VFSS within 5–10 min of protocol administration. A speech-language pathologist, blinded to protocol results, reviewed the VFSS to determine aspiration status in a binary (yes/no) manner. Inter-rater agreement between two speech-language pathologists was 100 % for identification of aspiration risk with the Yale Swallow Protocol. Inter-rater agreement between the speech-language pathologist and the radiologist for identification of aspiration status with VFSS was 100 %. Twenty percent of VFSS recordings were viewed again 3–6 months after initial data collection, and intrarater agreement for identification of thin liquid aspiration was 100 %. Sensitivity for the Yale Swallow Protocol = 100 %, specificity = 64 %, positive predictive value = 78 %, and negative predictive value = 100 %. Importantly, all participants who passed the protocol did not aspirate during VFSS. Multiple, double-blinded raters and VFSS as the reference standard agreed with previous research with a single, nonblinded rater and FEES as the reference standard for identification of aspiration risk. The clinical usefulness and validity of the Yale Swallow Protocol for determining aspiration risk in a small sample size of male participants has been confirmed. Future research is needed with a larger and more heterogeneous population sample.
Case Study: ECT Treatment of a Young Girl with Catatonia

This article reports a case of major depression with catatonic symptoms which occurred in an 8 1/2-year-old girl. While taking oral antidepressants, her symptoms worsened markedly, and significant physical morbidity appeared imminent. Electroconvulsive therapy was successful in treating the patient's catatonic and mood symptoms, with no observable deleterious effects. Review of the English-language literature reveals no younger patients ever reported to have presented with such severe catatonia or to have been treated with electroconvulsive therapy.
4D doubleton conformal theories, CPT and IIB strings on AdS5 × S5

We study the unitary supermultiplets of the N = 8 d = 5 anti-de Sitter (AdS) superalgebra SU(2, 2|4) which is the symmetry algebra of the IIB string theory on AdS5 × S5. We give a complete classification of the doubleton supermultiplets of SU(2, 2|4) which do not have a Poincare limit and correspond to d = 4 conformal field theories (CFT) living on the boundary of AdS5. The CPT self-conjugate irreducible doubleton supermultiplet corresponds to d = 4 N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. The other irreducible doubleton supermultiplets come in CPT conjugate pairs. The maximum spin range of the general doubleton supermultiplets is 2. In particular, there exists a CPT conjugate pair of doubleton supermultiplets corresponding to the fields of N = 4 conformal supergravity in d = 4 which can be coupled to N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory in d = 4. We also study the “massless” supermultiplets of SU(2, 2|4) which can be obtained by tensoring two doubleton supermultiplets. The CPT self-conjugate “massless” supermultiplet is the N = 8 graviton supermultiplet in AdS5. The other “massless” supermultiplets generally come in conjugate pairs and can have maximum spin range of 4. We discuss the implications of our results for the conjectured CFT/AdS dualities.
Preferential cholinergic projections by embryonic spinal cord neurons within cocultured mouse superior cervical ganglia.

Abstract The development of preferential cholinergic projections of spinal cord neurons within superior cervical ganglia (SCG) was analyzed in vitro using cocultures of SCGs (E17) with organotypic explants of fetal mouse cord (E13). The cord explants consisted of: (1) dorsal vs medioventral strips or mediodorsal vs ventral strips (dissected from levels C8-T4), or (2) transverse sections cut at various levels of the neuraxis. After 4 weeks of coculture, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was assayed in individual explants to quantify development of the cholinergic neurotransmitter enzyme (a) within the cord neurons, and (b) within the SCG. An index of cholinergic interaction was calculated as the relative ChAT activity in cocultured ganglion per unit ChAT activity in the ipsilateral cord strip. The highest index value (0.7) was obtained in cocultures with mediodorsal strips of cord. The index of interaction was progressively lower with medioventral (0.4), ventral (0.3) and dorsal (0.1) cord. In cocultures of transverse sections of spinal cord and SCGs, the highest indices of cholinergic interaction (expressed per hemisection of cord) were obtained with cord levels T1/T2 (1.0) and T5 (0.9). The index decreased with T9 (0.7) and was significantly lower with segments C2/C3 (0.3) and L2/L3 (0.19). Addition of a skeletal muscle target e explant to the cord-SCG cocultures did not alter the preferential index of interaction between SCG and upper thoracic cord levels. Furthermore, the cholinergic cord neurons in medioventral strips did not promote increase of ChAT activity into equally accessible cocultured ganglia of inappropriate phenotype, e.g. sensory dorsal root ganglia. Decentralization of SCGs after coculture with appropriate T1/T2 cord resulted in loss of ganglionic ChAT activity. Electrical stimulation of the medial region in T1/T2 cord explants evoked compound ganglion action potentials in cocultured SCGs. The ganglion responses were blocked by hexamethonium. These data suggested that neurons located in the medial region of upper thoracic cord (presumably autonomic preganglionic) are able to develop enhanced cholinergic projections within cocultured SCGs, in comparison with neurons located in ventral cord (presumably motoneurons). In contrast, dorsal cord neurons showed no significant cholinergic interaction with SCGs. Furthermore, neurons located in upper thoracic spinal cord segments develop enhanced cholinergic projections within cocultured SCGs in comparison with neurons located in cervical and lumbar cord segments.
Effect of the magnetic permeability on photonic band gaps

We study a class of photonic crystals in which both the dielectric constant \ensuremath{\epsilon} and the magnetic permeability \ensuremath{\mu} vary within the crystal. We find that in the case where both \ensuremath{\epsilon} and \ensuremath{\mu} have their maximum values in the same material, the photonic band gaps tend to disappear. However, in the opposite case where \ensuremath{\epsilon} and \ensuremath{\mu} have their maximum values in different materials, the gaps become wider with maximum gap over midgap frequency as high as 0.8. We also discuss the possibility of designing such photonic crystals with ferrites.
Helicopter pilot estimation of self-altitude in a degraded visual environment

The effect of night vision devices and degraded visual imagery on self-attitude perception is unknown. Thirteen Army aviators with normal vision flew five flights under various visual conditions in a modified AH-1 (Cobra) helicopter. Subjects estimated their altitude or flew to specified altitudes while flying a series of maneuvers. The results showed that subjects were better at detecting and controlling changes in altitude than they were at flying to or naming a specific altitude. In cruise flight and descent, the subjects tended to fly above the desired altitude, an error in the safe direction. While hovering, the direction of error was less predictable. In the low-level cruise flight scenario tested in this study, altitude perception was affected more by changes in image resolution than by changes in FOV or ocularity.
HIGH POTASSIUM DIETS REDUCE ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY IN STROKE‐PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

SUMMARY 1. High potassium (K) diets are known to prevent hypertensive arterial lesions and reduce stroke incidence without affecting blood pressure. 2. To elucidate the mechanism of this beneficial effect, we studied the effect of K supplementation on the extravasation of plasma albumin in high NaCl-fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Increased permeability of the endo-thelium to macromolecules is assumed to be an early manifestation of vascular injury. 3. The disappearance of intravenously injected [125I]-albumin was examined in SHRSP rats fed high NaCl diets containing either 0.5% normal K or 2.1% high K for 5 weeks. 4. The bodyweight, blood pressure, plasma volume and urinary protein excretion were not significantly different between the two SHRSP groups. 5. The high K SHRSP showed a slower plasma albumin disappearance rate than the normal K SHRSP (10.3 vs 14.7%/h, P<0.004). The albumin radioactivity remaining in the aortic wall and in the brain after removing blood after perfusion was lower in the high K SHRSP than in the normal K SHRSP (aorta, - 20%, P<0.02; brain, - 26%, P<0.04). 6. These results suggest that the high K diet reduced the endothelial permeability to albumin in high NaCl-fed SHRSP rats. High K diets may have a protective effect against endothelial dysfunction and thereby contribute to the reduction of vascular lesion formation and stroke incidence.
Hematological response of immunized and serially bled Japanese quail

Sexually mature female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were immunized by an intravenous injection with .5 ml of a 7.5% suspension of Chukar partridge (Alectoris graeca chukar) red blood cells (CRBC). Blood samples were collected either serially from one group of quail or a single time from separate groups of quail at 0 (nonimmunized), 3, 6, and 9 days post-immunization. Total anti-CRBC hemagglutinin titers (HA) were measured by a microhemagglutinin procedure. Selected hematological variables were also measured. Mean HA was not affected by serial blood sampling. Total erythrocyte numbers, percent hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were depressed in serially bled quail at 3 days postimmunization. Reticulocytosis was found in serially bled quail at 6 days postimmunization.
Prominent precordial T waves as an expression of coronary insufficiency

Abstract The sudden appearance of tall or peaked T waves may be the earliest electrocardiographic expression of acute myocardial ischemia and impending myocardial infarction. They are most apt to be seen in records taken during or within several hours of the onset of the chest pain. The “modus operandi” of this puzzling electromotive phenomenon, abetted by a review of pertinent experimental data, remains unanswered and offers a challenge for continued basic and sophisticated research. Most of the investigators believed that these acutely peaked T waves were due to acute subendocardial ischemia, but this was based more on electromotive hypothesis than fact. The sudden shift of the intracellular potassium seemingly plays a key role.
Children's memory for atypical actions in script-based stories: Evidence for a disruption effect

Abstract This study examined preschool and first-grade children's recall and recognition memory for two types of atypical actions: irrelevancies which do not affect the goal of an event and disruptions which disrupt the accomplishment of an event goal. Children listened to stories about familiar events containing script actions, irrelevancies, and disruptions and either recalled the stories or were given a yes/no recognition task in immediate and delayed (1 day later) memory tasks. (Disruptions and irrelevancies were matched for typicality as determined by frequency ratings by same-age children.) Disruptions were recalled better than irrelevancies and this effect was more pronounced in delayed recall. However, both types of atypical actions were recognized well. Script actions were least well recalled, and were confused with other typical actions not included in the stories. These findings indicate that relevance to a goal is a more important factor than typicality in determining recall for events while typicality is more important in discrimination memory.
Identification of residues in α-macroglobulins involved in activation of the α2-macroglobulin signaling receptor

Site-directed mutagenesis of residues in the receptor binding fragment of rat alpha 1-macroglobulin identify residues 1377 and 1378 (human numbering) as crucial for interaction with the alpha 2M signaling receptor on murine macrophages. Secondary structure prediction and signaling studies with the mutant proteins suggest the alpha 2M signaling receptor binding site involves part of a loop-helix-loop motif comprised of residues 1372-1378.
Melatonin reduces the oxidation of nuclear DNA and membrane lipids induced by the carcinogen δ-aminolevulinic acid

Well known are the anti-oxidant, free radical-scavenging and anti-tumorigenic properties of melatonin. delta-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of heme synthesis. When over-produced and accumulated in tissues, ALA is a potential carcinogen, such as in the course of acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary tyrosinemia and lead poisoning. Our aim was to examine the potential protective effect of melatonin against oxidative damage to nuclear DNA and membrane lipids in rat lung and spleen caused by ALA. Changes in 8-hydroxy-2;-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, an index of DNA damage, and the level of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals, an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured. Rats were injected with ALA (i.p., 40 mg/kg body weight, every other day) and/or with melatonin (i.p., 10 mg/kg body weight, 3 times daily) for 2 weeks. Both 8-OHdG and lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly in lung and spleen due to ALA treatment. Co-treatment with melatonin completely counteracted the effects of ALA. In conclusion, melatonin effectively protects nuclear DNA and lipids in rat lung and spleen against oxidative damage caused by the carcinogen ALA, and the indole may be of value as a supplement in patients suffering from molecular damage related to ALA accumulation.
An IRAS search for Extra-Solar Oort Clouds

The presumptively close connection between Oort cloud formation and planetary formation is that the detection of comet clouds around other stars would imply the presence of extrasolar planetary systems. Low-resolution IRAS data and an S/N-enhancement method are presently used to search 17 nearby stars for comet cloud-indicating IR emission. While no such detections were obtained, upper limits have been set for extrasolar Oort clouds (ESOCs) around the candidate stars; the nondetections may be a results either of the absence of the ESOCs around these stars or, with greater probability, of the sensitivity and background confusion limitations of IRAS data.
U-235 Gamma-Radiation

Evidence for the existence of a gamma-ray accompanying the alpha-decay of U-235 is presented. The energy of the gamma-ray, as determined by several independent absorption measurements, is 162 kev.
The clinical spectrum of parathyroid disease.

The purpose of this article is to review the clinical findings in parathyroid disease. The current status of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone metabolism is also reviewed.
Bedform distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank, United States Atlantic Continental Shelf

Four bedform provinces have been identified on Georges Bank using sidescan-sonar and echo-sounding techniques: large sand waves superimposed on sand ridges, small sand waves, megaripples, and featureless seafloor. The large sand waves and sand ridges are found on the bank crest where the surface tidal currents are strongest. Areas of small sand waves and megaripples, formed where tidal currents are moderate in strength, border the area of large sand waves to the north and south. Featureless seafloor is found farthest from the bank crest where surface tidal currents are weakest. Sand-wave asymmetry and surface-sediment texture have been used to infer bedload transport paths on Georges Bank. In the large sand-wave area, bedforms indicate a clockwise transport around each of the linear north-west-striking sand ridges with slight convergence of the sand waves on the ridge crests. This transport pattern implies erosion from the troughs and accumulation on the sand ridges. The asymmetry of the small sand waves along the south side of Georges Bank indicates that sand is also transported southward away from the linear sand ridges on top of the bank. Although the asymmetry of megaripples could not be determined, the occurrence of megaripples between the small sand-wave province and areas of featureless seafloor suggests a decreasing effectiveness of sand transport away from the bank crest. This sand dispersal pattern is further supported by the surface sediments which become progessively finer to the north and SW away from the crest of Georges Bank.
The microbial loop -25 years later

Abstract The background for and the subsequent impact on biological oceanography of the article Azam et al. [Azam, F., Fenchel, T., Field, J.G., Gray, J.S., Meyer-Reil, L.A., Thingstad, F. 1983. The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10, 257-263.] is discussed. It is concluded that its influence in terms of stimulating further research and in changing the earlier paradigm of marine plankton food chains was to a large extent due to the fact that the term “microbial loop” occurred there for the first time. The progress in understanding microbial biota and microbial interaction during the last 25 years will also be reviewed.
Novel Training Concepts and Techniques Used to Increase Safety Awareness in the Laboratory Animal Facility

Training makes an important contribution to maintaining a safe working environment, but trainees may have problems achieving maximum information retention if they are not motivated and interested. The authors describe an innovative safety training program that has been well received by employees and associated with a 62% drop in workplace injuries over a two-year period.
High-dose donor bone marrow infusions to enhance allograft survival : The effect of timing

Background. The development of strategies to enhance survival of transplanted organs and to potentially lower or even discontinue immunosuppressive therapy would represent a significant advance in posttransplant patient care. The aim of this clinical trial was to determine the effect of timing and dose of peripheral donor bone marrow cell (DBMC) infusion on graft and patient survival after liver transplantation. Methods. DBMC, obtained from vertebral bodies, were administered in 101 recipients of liver allografts (OLTX). There were 107 patients for whom DBMC could not be obtained ; they received OLTX alone (controls). A total of 5 x 10 8 /kg DBMC were infused at day 0 (group 1 ; n=9) ; at days 0 and 11 (group 2 ; n=26) ; or at days 5 and 11 (group 3 ; n=26). In group 4 (n=40), patients received up to five infusions of 2 x 10 8 /kg DBMC at days 5, 14, 21, 28, and 90 after OLTX. Results. When the results from patients receiving two or more DBMC infusions (groups 2, 3, and 4) are considered, both patient and graft survival were significantly improved compared with the control group (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively). In groups 3 and 4, 88.5% and 95% of patients were alive with mean follow-up of 536 and 265 days, respectively, compared with 77.6% of patients in the control group (average follow-up of 452 days) (P=0.02). Graft survival was also significantly improved in groups 3 (88.5%) and 4 (92.5%), compared with the controls (72%) (P=0.007). Conclusions. The results suggest that dose and timing of DBMC infusions may be important variables affecting allograft survival. A randomized prospective trial is now in progress to compare group 3 DBMC infusion protocol with controls receiving OLTX alone.
A Prospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection in Patients With Severe Heart Failure

We conclude that Lyme disease is not a common cause of idiopathic heart failure in the Midwestern United States and that false-positive Lyme disease serologic results are not rare among patients with severe heart failure. Patients with significant cardiac disease who are found to be EIA seropositive should have confirmatory Western blots performed before consideration of treatment. Based on our findings, we cannot recommend either the routine serologic screening of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy or aggressive (e.g., parenteral) antibiotic treatment of seropositive patients unless the specific clinical history suggests antecedent Lyme disease.
Absentee Landlords and Farm Management in Brazil During the 1960s

. Remote control of land and labor by absentee landlords joined with other supportive elements of latifundismo to reinforce the discontinuity between rural poverty and urban wealth and power. Absentee ownership was self-perpetuating, as returns from latifundio agriculture were channeled into more remunerative commercial ventures. Not restricted in its distribution to a particular region, the incidence of absenteeism generally rose with increasing farm size. Three-quarters of the minifundiarios resided on their properties against one-half of the latifundiarios, and administrator-operators were concentrated heavily on larger farms. The economic double-life of the landed 61ite helped to sustain traditional practices of farm management that reduced opportunities for improved efficiency and productivity in Latin America's largest agrarian sector.
Technological Dualism in Late Industrializers: On Theory, History, and Policy

Underemployment in LDCs has been spreading from its rural habitat to envelop the cities. Demographic growth has been a major cause in many LDCs, but the prevalence of the phenomenon in LDCs experiencing rapid industrial growth since World War II has also focused attention on the sluggish growth of industrial employment and on the industrial technologies employed. Since new technology has been almost entirely of foreign design, a central dispute has been whether declining industrial labor coefficients reflect primarily faults in the selection mechanisms governing the choice of industrial techniques, or whether labor-saving trends inherent in advanced country technology are reducing the feasible range of choice for industrializing LDCs.
Overview: the long and winding road to understanding Alzheimer's disease.

When Alois Alzheimer in 1906 presented the first case report on the neurodegenerative disorder that now (in)famously bears his name, Alzheimer's disease (AD) was thought to be a rare, noninherited, and sporadic condition. Now, a hundred years later, it has reached epidemic proportions, thereby rapidly transforming itself into a major socioeconomic problem. The main reason for this lies in the increase in average human life expectancy in Western countries, from approximately 47 years in 1906 to 77 years today.
An operator splitting algorithm for coupled one-dimensional advection-diffusion-reaction equations

Abstract An operator splitting algorithm for a system of one-dimensional advection-diffusion-reaction equations, describing the transport of non-conservative pollutants, is presented in this paper. The algorithm is a Strang type splitting procedure incorporating contributions from the inhomogeneous terms by the Duhamel's principle. The associated homogeneous equations are split into advection, diffusion and reaction equations, and solved by a backward method of characteristic, a finite-element method and an explicit Runge-Kutta method, respectively. The boundary conditions applicable to the split equations are derived. Numerical analyses of the algorithm, consisting of the stability, the accuracy and the convergence of the solution procedure, are presented. The composite algorithm is second-order accurate in time and space and conditionally stable. The numerical characteristics of the algorithm are demonstrated by several examples.
Progress in studies on hormonal sex reversal and genetic sex control in black crappie.

Sex control can solve the problem of stunted black crappie populations in small impoundments. The main objectives of the present study were (1) to identify sex-reversed males of black crappie from a previously obtained androgen-treated group using test crosses, and (2) to develop broodstock of sex-reversed males by masculinization of fish from those crosses. An additional objective of the study was to try to identify sex-specific RAPD markers, which might be used for identification of sex-reversed males. The progenies resulting from test crosses were divided into two groups: Group I (control) fish were raised without hormonal treatment, while Group II fish were subjected to androgen (MT) treatment. Seven progenies were obtained from the cross of preliminary androgen-treated males with normal females. Six of seven progenies had sex ratio in Groups I close to 1:1, and one progeny consisted of females only. This shows that only one male, which generated this progeny, was a sex-reversed homogametic fish (XX) ...
RCCI Operation With PFI of n-Butanol and DI of Biodiesel Compared With DI of Binary Mixtures of n-Butanol and Biodiesel

In this study the Reactive Controlled Combustion Ignition (RCCI) obtained by early port fuel injection (PFI) of n-butanol and direct injection (DI) of biodiesel were compared with in cylinder direct injected binary mixture of n-butanol and biodiesel with the same mass ratio of 3:1 in both fuelling strategies. The combustion and emissions characteristics were investigated at 5 bars IMEP at 1400 rpm. The ignition for DI of n-butanol-biodiesel binary blends showed a delay by approximately 7.5°CAD compared with the PFI case. For the binary mixture, n-butanol-biodiesel, the combustion pressure has decreased by 50% compared to the PFI of butanol. The maximum in cylinder gas temperature decreased by 100K for the n-butanol-biodiesel mixture versus ULSD#2 and has also experienced a 10° CAD delay. The premixed charge combustion has been split into two regions of high temperature heat release, an early one BTDC, and a second stage, ATDC for the PFI strategy. Increasing the load to 7.5 bars IMEP, heavy knock occurred for the PFI case. The soot emissions showed a 90% decrease with n-butanol injection PFI and by 98% reduction for DI of n-butanol binary mixture with the biodiesel, while the NOx emissions were reduced by 40% in both cases. The aldehyde emissions exhibited a significant 95% decrease for the n-butanol-biodiesel binary mixture compared with the n-butanol PFI. The mechanical efficiency at 80% and thermal efficiency and 38% were found similar, for both fuelling strategies.The results of this work suggest that the DI of n-butanol-biodiesel binary mixtures is more effective in reducing emissions than PFI of n-butanol combined with DI of biodiesel and also less likely to produce knock.Copyright © 2013 by ASME