cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Should One Study Economic Policy-Making? Four Characters in Search of an Object

By focusing on some major contributions to political economy and economic policy-making within advanced capitalism, among the richest subfields of the discipline, the article seeks to analyze the relation between structural constraints and political choice. With the partial exception of Politics against Markets, all the works reviewed here seek to interpret rather than change the world. Attending to the fine grain of historical detail, they insightfully describe important political developments. They provide fine accounts of the interplay of structure and agency in concrete historical settings. By developing impressive theory to illuminate these developments, the works considerably advance our knowledge of the way that political forces affect economic policy outcomes. However, they generally share three important and interrelated shortcomings: they do not adequately conceptualize the structural dynamics of democratic capitalism; they adopt an economistic perspective concerning the organization of interests and social identities; and they confine attention to what is and fail to consider what might be.
Maternal copper deficiency perpetuates altered vascular function in Sprague-Dawley rat offspring

Little is known about the consequences of maternal copper (Cu) deficiency on the vascular function of offspring or on perpetuation of vascular effects to a second generation. We examined vascular functional responses in mesenteric arteries from Cu-deficient Sprague-Dawley rat dams and from offspring directly exposed to maternal Cu deficiency during development and lactation and perpetuation of the effects in a second generation of offspring. Dams were fed a diet with marginal (1 mg Cu/kg) or adequate (6 mg Cu/kg) Cu for 3 weeks before conception and throughout pregnancy and lactation periods. Half of the first generation (F1) litters were cross-fostered. At reproductive maturity, F1 pairs were bred within groups resulting in second generation (F2) offspring. At 9 weeks of age, mesenteric artery (200 μm) isometric tension was determined in response to vasoconstrictors and vasorelaxants using a small artery wire myograph. Cu deficiency did not alter the vascular function in dams. In F1 offspring, increased responsiveness to potassium chloride in male offspring was due to direct exposure to maternal Cu deficiency in the birth mother, while enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in female offspring resulted from postnatal exposure to maternal Cu deficiency. Increased endothelium independent and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation responses were identified in F2 Cu-deficient male offspring. These data indicate that exposure to maternal Cu deficiency during critical windows of development alter the vascular function across two generations of offspring.
The Great Sioux Nation: Sitting in Judgment on America Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz, Editor. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2013.

The Great Sioux Nation: Sitting in Judgment on America Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz, Editor. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2013.The revised edition of The Great Sioux Nation raises questions about not only the position of this sovereign nation within American borders but also about American political, legal, and cultural policies in contemporary and historical contexts. Clearly a product of the 1970s, a time of activism, anger, and political and cultural upheaval, this text bears witness to that change and contributes a verse that still resonates today for indigenous peoples. The vast majority of the documents included are primary sources, such as witness testimony from the 1974 trial transcript in the case of the United States v. Consolidated Wounded Knee Cases on the motion to dismiss for want of jurisdiction, which was a hearing about the meaning of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and whether it gave the United States permission to strip the Sioux Nation of its sovereignty and land. In addition to this testimony, the editor includes the full Fort Laramie treaty, excerpts from the court's decision to deny the Sioux Nation their sovereignty, newspaper clippings of trial coverage, brief contextual and historical overviews by well-known Native American scholars, post-trial statements from the defendants' attorney, a glossary of important cultural terms such as "treaty," "sovereign," "tribe," and "traditional," a comprehensive bibliography designed to guide further study, and sectional interludes of poetic words by Henry Crow Dog, a traditional Sioux elder and witness. For scholars interested in the activism of the 1970s, The Great Sioux Nation contextualizes the broader activist impulse, raises questions about these issues that in many ways remain unresolved, and emphasizes the struggle over land, sovereignty, and terminology.Texts analyzing 1970s America focus on broad shifts in culture, economics, and politics, such as America in the Seventies (2004), The Seventies: The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and Politics (2001), and Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010). Some books spotlight remnants of 1960s activism such as The Hidden 1970s: Histories of Radicalism (2010), which happily includes three chapters on indigenous movements and decolonization efforts. Philip J. Deloria writes in the foreword to this new edition, "The writing seems to cry out with anxieties about form and legitimacy and authority that also say something about the 1970s" (v).The Great Sioux Nation starts to become less heated in word choice, calmer and equally assertive, but more positive as it progresses from the writings of Simon Ortiz, Vine Deloria, Jr. …
Mobile communication and network privatism: a literature review of the implications for diverse, weak, and new ties

Most of the research on the implications of mobile communication for social networks has focused on its uses and consequences in the intimate realm of close friends, family, and loved ones. A number of scholars have also become interested in ways that mobile communication helps and hinders the broader realm of network connectivity, including diverse, weak, and new ties. A collection of theoretical perspectives on mobile communication and diverse, weak, and new ties proposes that heightened connectivity in the intimate realm can come at the expense of being engaged more broadly – a scenario I characterize as network privatism. At the same time, the available empirical research in the literature tends to tell a different story, or rather stories. This analysis brings theory and empirical findings into closer conversation with one another by reviewing and synthesizing the literature in this area. Observed patterns in the literature offer new insight into questions of mobile communication and network privatism, while also pointing to opportunities for refinement of theory, analysis, and measurement as this line of inquiry further develops.
Adoption and the Best Interests of the Child: On the Use and Abuse of Studies

This article discusses two distinct but related issues: (1) whether those with a same-sex orientation should be allowed to adopt at all, and (2) whether second-parent adoptions should be permitted in cases in which the child would have two parents of the same sex. The article considers some of the arguments offered and studies cited to establish that those with a same-sex orientation should not be permitted to adopt and notes that these arguments and the ways that these studies are being used suggest that no one should be permitted to adopt, a position which few if any commentators committed to promoting the best interests of children would be willing to endorse. The article also discusses some of the second-parent adoption cases, noting that in many of the cases in which such adoptions were not permitted the child's interests was undermined rather than promoted by the decision. The article concludes that children's interests are best promoted when sexual orientation of the would-be parents is not considered, and both singles and non-marital couples are permitted to adopt and provide homes where children might flourish.
Gendered jocks or equal players? Athletic affiliation and hooking up among college students

ABSTRACTPrevious research has found sex-specific effects of athletic participation on young adult sexuality, with male athletes reporting increased sexual activity and female athletes reporting lower levels of sexual activity relative to non-athlete peers. Yet research has not examined sexual activity by athletic affiliation beyond quantity, nor considered the normative landscape of non-relational college sexual culture. The current paper examines the relationships between sex, athletic affiliation, and hooking up among students at 14 U.S. universities with Division I and II athletics programs. Findings show that, controlling for demographics and background characteristics, 1) male and female athletes participate in hooking up at higher rates than non-athletes, and 2) male athletes have less male dominated hookups in terms of sexual initiation. Results are discussed in terms of the increasing value similarity of men and women's collegiate sports programs.
The future of biology in driving the field of hyperthermia

In 2011 Hanahan and Weinberg updated their well-established paper 'The hallmarks of cancer'. The rationale for that review and its predecessor was to produce a conceptual framework for future research in cancer. The original Hallmarks included: cell signalling to enhance tumour cell proliferation, acquisition of ability to evade growth suppressors, developing mechanisms to resist cell death, enabling replicative immortality, initiating angiogenesis and activating processes to enable invasion and metastasis. In the more recent paper, Hanahan and Weinberg added important new features to this composite paradigm. The new features were: (1) altered metabolism, (2) evasion of immune destruction, (3) tumour promoting inflammation, and (4) the cellular microenvironment. These four new features are the main focus of this review. Hanahan and Weinberg did not specifically include the physiological microenvironment which is dominated by hypoxia and acidosis. In this review we will consider these features in addition to the cellular and metabolic components of the microenvironment. The purpose of this review is to present a vision of emerging fields of study in hyperthermia biology over the next decade and beyond. As such, we are focusing our attention on pre-clinical studies, primarily using mice. The application of hyperthermia in human patients has been thoroughly reviewed elsewhere.
Vessel Perforation and False Tracking Resulting From Umbilical Artery Catheterization: A Case Report and Literature Review

We report an extremely low-birth-weight neonate who developed umbilical artery perforation and false tracking. There was no life-threatening event relating to the complication. Diagnosis was made at postmortem examination. Little information exists regarding the anatomic and vascular effects of umbilical artery catheterization placement in newborns. We report a new complication of umbilical artery catheterization. We raise the awareness regarding the potential life threat due to this rare but very serious complication.
Epitaxy for Weakly Interacting Systems of Large Misfit

A simple but general model is developed which describes the elastic relaxations in a misfitting epitaxial thin film on a rigid substrate. The film is treated as a two-dimensional, elastically anisotropic solid with an arbitrary orientation relationship to the underlying substrate. The periodic elastic displacement field, the misfit energy density, and the elastic energy density of relaxation are derived for relatively weak, periodic film-substrate interactions of a generalized form. The model is tested for a misfitting Ni-(111) monolayer in contact with a rigid Ag-(111) substrate, using computer simulations with the embedded atom method. The predicted displacement field has symmetry 3m and has a magnitude which is in close agreement with that obtained by a fully numerical solution. The dependence of the extent of relaxations on the form of the film-substrate interaction is discussed for the special case of unidirectional misfit.
Foraging Bumble Bees Weigh the Reliability of Personal and Social Information

Many animals, including insects, make decisions using both personally gathered information and social information derived from the behavior of other, usually conspecific, individuals [1]. Moreover, animals adjust use of social versus personal information appropriately under a variety of experimental conditions [2-5]. An important factor in how information is used is the information's reliability, that is, how consistently the information is correlated with something of relevance in the environment [6]. The reliability of information determines which signals should be attended to during communication [6-9], which types of stimuli animals should learn about, and even whether learning should evolve [10, 11]. Here, we show that bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) account for the reliability of personally acquired information (which flower color was previously associated with reward) and social information (which flowers are chosen by other bees) in making foraging decisions; however, the two types of information are not treated equally. Bees prefer to use social information if it predicts a reward at all, but if social information becomes entirely unreliable, flower color will be used instead. This greater sensitivity to the reliability of social information, and avoidance of conspecifics in some cases, may reflect the specific ecological circumstances of bee foraging. Overall, the bees' ability to make decisions based on both personally acquired and socially derived information, and the relative reliability of both, demonstrates a new level of sophistication and flexibility in animal, particularly insect, decision-making.
Strategy for inoculating nursery-grown sea oats with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Coastal sand dunes of the southeastern U.S. are stabilized naturally by perennial grasses such as sea oats (Woodhouse, 1982). Roots of these pioneer grasses are colonized by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Koske, 1987; Sylvia, 1986). In established dunes, sea oats are colonized extensively by VAM fungi, but in many Florida coastal areas building construction has destroyed this source of inoculum for replants. Sylvia and Will (1988) reported that when replenishment sand is devoid of VAM fungi, beach grasses transplanted into it are colonized only slowly. In Florida, sea oats are produced in container nurseries which should afford an opportunity to inoculate a large number of plants (Johnson, 1987). Our objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of commercially producing VAM sea oats. Two studies were conducted under standard protocol at a commercial nursery.
Development of a cow cost, fault tolerant, and highly reliable command and data handling computer (Pulse/sup TM/)

Traditionally, command and data handling computers have been designed to manage the different and many remote interface units within the satellite "bus" platform. In this distributed architecture, the command and data handling requires low throughput processors to pass data to other units or for download to ground stations for further processing. The advent of very large radiation hardened ASICs has enabled the application of powerful processing of the RHPPc (PowerPC 603e) with a simplified IEEE-1394 backplane bus to provide a highly reliable and cost competitive centralized command and data handling subsystem. This robust architecture is tailorable and easily modified to meet the varying needs of the satellite and space transportation applications. By using a commercially compliant processor, software and its tools, which are one of the most complex, high risk, and expensive undertaking of the system architecture for a satellite bus controller, become a low risk design issue and much more cost effective. An extensive array of COTS software tools is currently available for the Power PC processor family, rendering the software development environment associated with the Pulse/sup TM/ to be a relatively low impact on the overall program thus, reducing the overall program recurring and non-recurring cost. The Pulse/sup TM/ supports most of the COTS operating systems with the current board support package (both basic and custom) being designed to be VxWorks compliant.
COGNITIVE MAPPING AND WAYFINDING BY ADULTS WITHOUT VISION

In this chapter we focus on processes that underlie successful wayfinding by those traveling without the help of vision. Particular emphasis is placed on how travelers develop and use cognitive maps. We discuss both the cognitive mapping process and wayfinding, emphasizing the skills that have to be developed with and without the aid of assistive technology. Both experimental and real world examples are used to illustrate the skills, abilities, and processes needed for successful travel without vision. Throughout, our emphasis is on wayfinding by adult populations.
Hidden Treasure on the Road to Xanadu: What Connecting Library Service Usage Data to Unique Student IDs Can Reveal

ABSTRACTLibrary data in the form of holdings, expenditures, and transactions continues to be collected. Recently emphasis is being placed on connecting library usage data to student success indicators for purposes of indicating impact. This article describes how one library involved in a large-scale, student success assessment project analyzed usage data linked to unique student IDs prior to connecting data to student academic information. Results revealed a trove of useful information that led to a more robust understanding of how students interacted with library services over the course of a year and are discussed in relation to process improvement.
The molluscum contagiosum virus death effector domain containing protein MC160 RxDL motifs are not required for its known viral immune evasion functions

The molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) uses a variety of immune evasion strategies to antagonize host immune responses. Two MCV proteins, MC159 and MC160, contain tandem death effector domains (DEDs). They are reported to inhibit innate immune signaling events such as NF-κB and IRF3 activation, and apoptosis. The RxDL motif of MC159 is required for inhibition of both apoptosis and NF-κB activation. However, the role of the conserved RxDL motif in the MC160 DEDs remained unknown. To answer this question, we performed alanine mutations to neutralize the arginine and aspartate residues present in the MC160 RxDL in both DED1 and DED2. These mutations were further modeled against the structure of the MC159 protein. Surprisingly, the RxDL motif was not required for MC160′s ability to inhibit MAVS-induced IFNβ activation. Further, unlike previous results with the MC159 protein, mutations within the RxDL motif of MC160 had no effect on the ability of MC160 to dampen TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Molecular modeling predictions revealed no overall changes to the structure in the MC160 protein when the amino acids of both RxDL motifs were mutated to alanine (DED1 = R67A D69A; DED2 = R160A D162A). Taken together, our results demonstrate that the RxDL motifs present in the MC160 DEDs are not required for known functions of the viral protein.
Adaptive Threshold Estimation for The Inspection of Hot Steel

Abstract This paper outlines a practical method of automating the threshold selection for segmentation in a real-time image processing system. This system has been developed to perform on-line surface inspection of hot steel slabs, thereby reducing substantially the energy consumption of the steel industry (largest single user in the U.S.). The threshold selection scheme has been designed to provide suitable clutter rejection while regulating the system processing backlog. The discussion proceeds along the line of adaptive threshold design rationale, system architecture constraints and the ensuing implementation. Performance of the adaptive threshold is compared to that of fixed threshold schemes.
The Role of Sensemaking & Organizational Identification in Employee Engagement for Sustainability

Many authors have written about sustainability and how companies endeavor to manage for sustainability goals. Less research exists about the individual motivation of employees to get engaged and st...
Authentication protocols using encryption techniques

Authentication means to verify the identity. It is the basis for any communication to take place as we do not want to reveal any information which must not be disclosed. In general, authentication requires the presentation of credentials to prove who the user really is. Authentication can be done either by a client, server or a third party. Authentication protocols allows the user to send or receive information only to the trusted ones. In this paper, several authentication protocols like public key authentication, Key hashing, Kerberos etc., will be discussed along with the attacks that are possible on those methods.
Effects of Inherited Sterility and Insect Resistant Dent-Corn Silks on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Development

Male and female corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), adults were exposed to a substerilizing dose (10 krads) of gamma radiation after which their progeny were reared on a meridic diet containing selected concentrations of dry silk collected from resistant dent corn genotypes. Significant interactions were observed between the developmental time of progeny from irradiated females and progeny from normal parents and meridic diets with increasing degrees of resistance. A significant interaction also was observed between the mean larval weights of normal and substerile larvae and diets with increasing degrees of resistance. The 9-d weight of normal larvae was significantly higher than the weight of substerile larvae at the lowest degree of resistance, but differences between the weight of normal and substerile larvae at the highest degree of resistance were not significant. Larvae from irradiated male by normal female crosses were equally competitive with normal larvae for all measured parameters. Data fro...
Revisiting precision mobile drip irrigation under limited water

Precision mobile drip irrigation (MDI) describes the application of water through surface drip irrigation lines that are dragged by center pivot or linear move. MDI has the potential to greatly reduce water losses due to wind drift, soil water evaporation, and canopy evaporation. Two studies were conducted with the following objectives: (1) compare soil water evaporation under MDI and LESA; (2) assess soil water redistribution under MDI; (3) compare end-of-season profile soil water under MDI and LESA at two irrigation capacities 3.1 and 6.2 mm/day and to investigate design objectives that were implemented to overcome problems of earlier MDI designs. The experiments were conducted in western Kansas. Soil water evaporation was 35% lower under MDI. There was adequate redistribution of soil water in the subsurface. End-of-season soil water was significantly higher (p = 0.001) under MDI compared to LESA at the 3.1 mm/day irrigation capacity. Statistical uniformity of MDI was good ranging between 85 and 90%. The MDI system prevented deep wheel tracks and its redesign eliminated emitter clogging and reduced the frequency of the drip lines moving into the crop. The ability to better manage MDI due to design changes and its demonstration of superior performance in reducing soil water evaporation under limited canopy cover suggests that the system has the potential to enhance crop water productivity in a water-limited environment.
Incorporating risk preferences in stochastic noncooperative games

ABSTRACTTraditional game-theoretic models of competition with uncertainty often ignore preferences and attitudes toward risk by assuming that players are risk neutral. In this article, we begin by considering how a comprehensive analysis and incorporation of expected utility theory affect players’ equilibrium behavior in a simple, single-period, sequential stochastic game. Although the literature posits that the more risk averse a first mover is, the more likely she is to compete and defend her position as the “leader”, and that the more risk seeking a “follower” is, the more likely he is willing to participate and compete, we find that this behavior may not always be true in this more general setting. Under simple assumptions on the utility function, we perform sensitivity analyses on the parameters and show which behavior changes when deviations from risk neutrality are introduced into a model. We also provide some insights on how risk preferences influence pre-emption and interdiction by looking at how...
Gifts and Acquisitions in Volume 12:2

Details gifts of Victor H. Palsists; additions to the newspaper and manuscript collections.
A Bi-Level Formulation And Solution Method For The Integration Of Process Design And Scheduling

Abstract Design and operation decisions of manufacturing plants can often be expressed within a hierarchical structure, where optimal decisions at lower operating level provide constraints for the decision raking at a higher decision level. In this work, we are addressing the case of a hierarchical design and scheduling optimization problem. The integration of design and scheduling decisions can play a big role in designing economically profitable plants and improving their operational performance. This problem can be expressed as a bi-level problem, where design related decisions occur at the upper level and operational scheduling decisions at the lower level. Since discrete decisions are involved in both optimization levels, the resulting formulation typically corresponds to bi-level mixed-integer programming problems (B-MIP). The solution of B-MIP problems is very challenging, and typically requires the use of global optimization techniques, with many algorithms not able to guarantee feasibility. To overcome the challenges in solving this class of problems we propose the use of a multi-parametric based algorithm for the solution of bi-level mixed-integer linear and quadratic programming problems, capable of providing the exact and global solution. The main idea of this approach is to treat the lower scheduling problem as a multi-parametric programming problem in which the design decisions are considered as parameters. The resulting parametric solutions can then be substituted into the upper level design problem, which can be solved as a set of single-level deterministic programming problems. Through the developed formulation and algorithm we are able to supply the decision makers with the exact solution of the integrated design and scheduling problem.
A bias-variance based heuristic for constructing a hybrid logistic regression-naïve Bayes model for classification

Abstract Discriminative classifiers tend to have lower asymptotic classification errors, while generative classifiers can be more accurate when the training set size is small. In this paper, we examine the construction of hybrid models from categorical data, where we use logistic regression (LR) as a discriminative component, and naive Bayes (NB) as a generative component. We adopt a bias-variance tradeoff based strategy, with the objective of minimizing the sum of these two errors. Specifically, the proposed heuristic consists of functions of training sample size and conditional dependence among features. These functions serve as proxies for model variance and model bias. We implement our method on 25 different classification datasets, and find that the hybrid model does better than pure LR and pure NB. Our proposed method is competitive with random forest. Although the hybrid model fails to beat LASSO in predictive performance, as suggested by the experimental results, the difference appears to be insignificant when the number of features is small. Also, the hybrid model requires less training time than LASSO, which makes it more attractive when the training time is a big concern.
Supply Chain Management Practices (SCMP) and Their Impact on Competitive Advantage in the Bangladeshi Apparel Sector

In this study, 4 dimensions of SCM practices applicable to the apparel sector (i.e., strategic supplier partnership, information sharing with suppliers, information sharing with customers, and process integration) were identified and operationalized, and their relationships with key areas of competitive advantage (i.e., cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility) were empirically tested. Data were collected from apparel manufacturers in Bangladesh via an online survey. A total of 98 responses from the management level respondents were analyzed. Findings included that (a) only process integration was moderately related to quality competitive advantage, (b) strategic supplier partnership and information sharing with customers were related to delivery competitive advantage, and (c) information sharing with customers was significantly related to flexibility competitive advantage. The findings and suggestions from this study are valuable resources for further development and implementation of appropriate strategies to advance in the industry.
A Hybrid Model of Cartilage Regeneration Capturing the Interactions Between Cellular Dynamics and Porosity

To accelerate the development of strategies for cartilage tissue engineering, models are necessary to investigate the interactions between cellular dynamics and the local microenvironment. We use a discrete framework to capture the individual behavior of cells, modeling experiments where cells are seeded in a porous scaffold or hydrogel and over the time course of a month, the scaffold slowly degrades while cells divide and synthesize extracellular matrix constituents. The movement of cells and the ability to proliferate is a function of the local porosity, defined as the volume fraction of fluid in the surrounding region. A phenomenological approach is used to capture a continuous profile for the degrading scaffold and accumulating matrix, which will then change the local porosity throughout the construct. We parameterize the model by first matching total cell counts in the construct to chondrocytes seeded in a polyglycolic acid scaffold (Freed et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 43:597–604, 1994). We investigate the influence of initial scaffold porosity on the total cell count and spatial profiles of cell and ECM in the construct. Cell counts were higher at day 30 in scaffolds of lower initial porosity, and similar cell counts were obtained using different models of scaffold degradation and matrix accumulation (either uniform or cell-specific). Using this modeling framework, we study the interplay between a phenomenological representation of scaffold architecture and porosity as well as the potential continuous application of growth factors. We determine parameter regimes where large cellular aggregates occur, which can hinder matrix accumulation and cellular proliferation. The developed modeling framework can easily be extended and can be used to identify optimal scaffolds and culture conditions that lead to a desired distribution of extracellular matrix and cell counts throughout the construct.
Open-source immersogeometric analysis of fluid–structure interaction using FEniCS and tIGAr

Abstract We recently developed the open-source library tIGAr, which extends the FEniCS finite element automation framework to isogeometric analysis. The present contribution demonstrates the utility of tIGAr in complex problems by applying it to immersogeometric fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis. This application is implemented as the new open-source library CouDALFISh (Coupling, via Dynamic Augmented Lagrangian, of Fluids with Immersed Shells, pronounced “cuttlefish”), which uses the dynamic augmented Lagrangian (DAL) method to couple fluid and shell structure subproblems. The DAL method was introduced previously, over a series of papers largely focused on heart valve FSI, but an open-source implementation making extensive use of automation to compile numerical routines from high-level mathematical descriptions brings newfound transparency and reproducibility to these earlier developments on immersogeometric FSI analysis. The portions of CouDALFISh that do not use code generation also illustrate how a framework like FEniCS remains useful even when some functionality is outside the scope of its standard workflow. This paper summarizes the workings of CouDALFISh and documents a variety of benchmarks demonstrating its accuracy. Although the implementation emphasizes transparency and extensibility over performance, it is nonetheless demonstrated to be sufficient to simulate 3D FSI of an idealized aortic heart valve. Source code will be maintained at https://github.com/david-kamensky/CouDALFISh .
Manufacturing of Dexamethasone–Poly(d,l-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Implants Using Hot-Melt Extrusion: Within- and Between-Batch Product Performance Comparisons

Purpose: Reliable drug therapy with injectable intravitreal implants requires implants of consistent quality. The purpose of this study was to prepare dexamethasone–poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (...
Life Course Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Preterm Delivery: The 30-Year CARDIA Study.

Background Women who deliver preterm infants (<37 weeks) have excess cardiovascular risk; however, it is unclear whether the unfavorable changes in the cardiometabolic profile associated with prete...
A uniform approach to test computational complementarity

Studies of computational complementarity properties in finite state interactive automata may shed light on the nature of both quantum and classical computation. But, complementarity is difficult to test even for small-size automata. This paper introduces the concept of an observation graph of an automaton which is used as the main tool for the design of an algorithm which tests, in a uniform manner, two types of complementarity properties. Implementations have been run on a standard desktop computer examining all 5-state binary automata.
The Urgent Need for Anticolonial Media Literacy

In this article, we advocate for anticolonial media literacy as an important complement to critical race media literacy. Given the pervasive misrepresentation of Indigenous peoples in media, teachers must explicitly learn to challenge colonizing and dehumanizing representations of Indigenous life and help their students to do the same. By outlining several Native studies theories, we forward anticolonial media literacy to help teachers detect and interrupt colonial logics. After modeling anticolonial medial literacy in practice, we draw from Nambe Pueblo scholar Debbie Reese’s framework of “critical Indigenous literacies” to support teachers in including and creating respectful alternatives.
Geological factors impacted cadmium availability and use as an alternative cofactor for zinc in the carbon fixation pathways of marine diatoms

Transition metal cofactors are crucial for many biological processes. Despite being primarily considered to be toxic, the transition metal cadmium (Cd) was discovered to be a substitute for zinc (Z...
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia and does caffeine prevent it

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is among the most severe complications of very premature birth. Clinical and laboratory studies indicate that lung immaturity, inflammatory lung injury, and disordered lung repair are the primary mechanisms responsible for the development of BPD. Caffeine, initiated within the first 10 days after birth, is one of few drug therapies shown to significantly decrease the risk of BPD in very low birth weight infants. This benefit is likely derived, at least in part, from reduced exposure to positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen with caffeine therapy. Additional cardiorespiratory benefits of caffeine that may contribute to the lower risk of BPD include less frequent treatment for a PDA, improved pulmonary mechanics, and direct effects on pulmonary inflammation, alveolarization, and angiogenesis. Routine administration of caffeine is indicated in the vast majority of very low birth weight infants. However, current preventative strategies including widespread use of caffeine do not avert BPD in all cases. As such, there is continued need for novel methods to further reduce the risk of BPD in very low birth weight infants.
Structural and Electronic Calculations of CdTe Using DFT: Exchange–Correlation Functionals and DFT-1/2 Corrections

Ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of bulk CdTe using various exchange–correlation (XC) functionals available. Among the selected XC functionals include the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-generalized gradient approximation (MGGA) (using the linear combination of atomic orbitals basis scheme) and Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof-06 (HSE06) (using the plane-wave basis scheme). Further computational studies were performed based on the local density approximation-1/2 (LDA-1/2) and generalized gradient approximation-1/2 (GGA-1/2) self-energy correction schemes to verify their effect on the CdTe band gap in comparison to the other traditional XC functionals. The lattice parameter values obtained using different XC functionals (LDA, GGA and MGGA) were well in agreement with experimental value, with LDA predicting 6.548 A. This is 1.02% greater than the experimental value of 6.482 A. The electronic structure of CdTe was calculated for the fixed 6.482 A lattice parameter of bulk CdTe and resulted in a band gap ranging between 0.68 and 1.56 eV for LDA, GGA, MGGA, and HSE06. The band gap values predicted by the LDA-1/2 and GGA-1/2 corrections were 1.47 eV and 1.50 eV, respectively, and are found to be in good agreement with experimental values. The influence of XC functionals and semi-empirical correction schemes are expected to have important implications on the prediction and understanding of bulk CdTe thin-films found in photovoltaic applications.
Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Low-Grade and High-Grade Gliomas: What Is the Evidence? A Meta-Analysis.

Background The benefit of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in gliomas remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of outcomes with iMRI-guided surgery in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods Databases were searched until November 29, 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OBS) comparing iMRI use with conventional neurosurgery. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or hazard ratios were evaluated with the random-effects model. Outcomes included extent of resection (EOR), gross total resection (GTR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and length of surgery (LOS), stratified by study design and glioma grade. Results Fifteen articles (3 RCTs and 12 OBS) were included. In RCTs, GTR was higher in iMRI compared with conventional neurosurgery (RR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.73; I2, 7%) overall, for LGGs (1.91; 95% CI, 1.19–3.06), but not HGGs (1.24; 95% CI, 0.89–1.73), with no difference in EOR, PFS, OS, and LOS. For OBS, GTR was higher (RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.43–1.90; I2, 4%) overall, and for LGGs (1.63; 95% CI, 1.17–2.28; I2, 0%) and HGGs (1.62; 95% CI, 1.36–1.92; I2, 19%). EOR was greater with iMRI (6%; 95% CI, 4%–8%; I2, 44%) overall, in LGGs (5%; 95% CI, 2%–8%; I2, 37%) and HGGs (7%; 95% CI, 4%–10%; I2, 13%). There was no difference in PFS, OS, and LOS with iMRI. Conclusions IMRI use improved GTR in gliomas, including LGGs. However, no PFS and OS benefit was shown in the meta-analysis.
Understanding the impact of supporting conceptual information design: Structure, externalizations and flexibility matter

Abstract This article argues that supporting conceptual information design should be a priority as it could better equip design practitioners for their jobs. Findings from a longitudinal evaluation of a tool – MapCI Cards – using multiple methods to assess the impact of supporting conceptual design in professional practice are reported here. Internal and external factors emerged as having an adverse influence on information designers’ responses to conceptual design. Increased conceptual design awareness and more confident decisions resulted from working with a support tool. Structure, flexibility, and externalizations are indicated as possible ways to effectively support conceptual information design. The article ends with recommendations for future support tools.
Epitope Diversity and SARS-CoV-2 Variants Neutralizing Capacity of SARS-CoV-2 Hyperimmune Intravenous Immunoglobulins for Treatment of COVID-19

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hCoV-2IG) preparations generated from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma (CP) are under evaluation in several clinical trials of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Here we explored the antibody epitope repertoire, antibody binding and virus neutralizing capacity of six hCoV-2IG batches as well as nine convalescent plasma (CP) lots against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants of concern (VOC). The Gene-Fragment Phage display library spanning the SARS-CoV-2 spike-based epitope-mapping demonstrated broad recognition of multiple antigenic sites spanning the entire spike including NTD, RBD, S1/S2 cleavage site, S2-fusion peptide and S2-heptad repeat regions. Antibody binding to the immunodominant epitopes was higher for hCoV-2IG than CP, with predominant binding to the fusion peptide. In the pseudovirus neutralization assay (PsVNA) and in the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 PRNT assay, hCoV-2IG lots showed higher titers against the WA-1 strain compared with CP. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs from around the globe were reduced to a different extent by hCoV-2IG lots. The most significant loss of neutralizing activity was seen against the B.1.351 (9-fold) followed by P.1 (3.5-fold), with minimal loss of activity against the B.1.17 and B.1.429 ( < 2-fold). Again, the CP showed more pronounced loss of cross-neutralization against the VOCs compared with hCoV-2IG. Significant reduction of hCoV-2IG binding was observed to the RBD-E484K followed by RBD-N501Y and minimal loss of binding to RBD-K417N compared with unmutated RBD. This study suggests that post-exposure treatment with hCoV-2IG is preferable to CP. In countries with co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, identifying the infecting virus strain could inform optimal treatments, but would likely require administration of higher doses achieved by larger volumes or repeated infusions of hCOV-2IG or CP, in patients infected with the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Funding: The research work described in this manuscript was supported by FDA Medical Countermeasures Initiative (MCMi) grant # OCET 2021-1565 and NIH-NIAID IAA #AAI20040. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by Food and Drug Administration’s Research Involving Human Subjects Committee (RIHSC #2020-04-02). This study complied with all relevant ethical regulations for work with human participants, and informed consent was obtained. Samples were collected from patients who provided informed consent to participate in the study.
Clavicular-Sided Tears Were the Most Frequent Mode of Failure During Biomechanical Analysis of Acromioclavicular Ligament Complex Failure During Adduction of the Scapula

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the force and failure pattern of the acromioclavicular ligament complex (ACLC) in an adducted scapula, potentially simulating an indirect force injury of the AC joint. By using a biomechanical simulation in which the scapula is moved and the clavicle is fixed, we are able to better replicate the in vivo motion of the joint. Methods Ten cadaveric shoulders (mean age of 62.0 ± 8.6) with a bone mineral density of .51 ± .18 g/cm2 were used. A standard reproducible anatomic mounting system was used to secure the clavicle and move the scapula. Displacement control was used to adduct the scapula (inferior angle of the scapula moving toward the clavicle) with the clavicle fixed until specimen failure, producing torque and angle of rotation. The failure mode of the ACLC during this simulated adduction was analyzed with slow motion video analysis. Tears of the ACLC were characterized as clavicular, midline, or acromion-sided tears. Results The mean torque required for load to failure was found to be 27.75 N-m (95% CI [20.85 N-m, 34.65 N-m]). The mean rotary angle at failure was 30° (95% CI [25°, 35°]). The mean stiffness (resistance provided by the ACLC) was 1.64 N-m/° (95% CI [1.28 N-m/°, 2.01 N-m/°]. Mode of failure analysis showed there were 6 clavicle-sided tears, 1 acromion-sided tear, 2 acromion fractures, and 1 clavicle fracture. Conclusion Clavicular side tears were the most frequent mode of failure compared to midline and acromion side tears. The first segment of the ACLC to fail most frequently during adduction was the posterosuperior ligament.
Health Benefits In 2021: Employer Programs Evolving In Response To The COVID-19 Pandemic.

This is the second annual Kaiser Family Foundation Employer Health Benefits Survey released since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite widespread workplace disruption, the key metrics we...
Comparisons between Synthetic and Natural Microfiber Systems

The fibril, as a structural entity, enjoys the properties of thermodynamic stability, structural simplicity, and end-use versatility and is comprised of systems of macromolecules or other linearly associated materials. For these materials, the most thermodynamically stable solid form is the “ideal” extended- chain crystal (Wunderlich, 1973). The fibril may be considered as an extended-chain crystal of variable perfection with thermodynamic stability proportional to the degree of perfection. Stability increases due to intramolecular, low-energy configurations characteristic of extended molecules and from the highly viscous, strained, amorphous domains that often surround fibrils (Zachmann, 1974).
Governing: Policy, Maturity Models and Planning

Executive level management is responsible for strategic business goals (including for IT/security), managing risk, defining policies for the organization, and for staffing security. The previous two chapters addressed risk, including the chapter on Business Impact Analysis. This chapter addresses the remaining executive management responsibilities: strategic planning, policy, and maturity models.
The Honorable Merchant and Customer Trust: Key Dimensions for International Business Success

What does it mean to be honorable in an international business context, and why is it important? The history of business honorability is discussed in addition to its applicability to today's expectations. A solution of trust bridges is suggested to find commonalities between two parties in order to strengthen their network and relationship with one another. These postulates were investigated during the American Marketing Association's Special Interest Group conference on “The Honorable Merchant in International Marketing” hosted in Cancun, Mexico, in the spring of 2014. At the conference, a three-round Delphi study was conducted to analyze the various global perspectives participants had on honorable practices in academia and business and their relation to international marketing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying Mutations for MYH-Associated Polyposis

Polyposis associated with mutations in the gene MYH is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by the development of colorectal adenomas and cancer. Two common mutations, p.Tyr165Cys (exon 7) and p.Glu382Asp (exon 13), have been shown to account for the majority of the mutations occurring in individuals of Caucasian ancestry. Other mutations have been found throughout the gene and many have been shown to have very low frequencies. Ethnic differences in the mutation spectrum have also been observed. Thus, in order to achieve the highest clinical sensitivity, it is necessary to perform whole-gene sequencing of the MYH gene. The sequencing protocol described allows one to identify mutations throughout the MYH gene.