cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Escherichia hermannii Infection of a Cephalohematoma: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Description of a Novel Invasive Pathogen

We describe a neonate with bacterial infection of a cephalohematoma by Escherichia hermannii and with meningitis. We review the literature on infected cephalohematomas and E. hermannii and document the first case of invasive disease due to this pathogen.
Durability of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Modules

It was investigated that the intrusion of water into the electrolyte was the most critical reason for the low stability of a dye-sensitized solar cell. To prevent the water intrusion, robust solar cells and submodules with a novel protection layer of metal circuit and tightly sealing package was developed. The excellent stability of the cell with ionic liquid electrolyte at high temperature conditions was also reveled. The resulting cell employing noble construction and ionic liquid electrolyte showed an extremely high stability to pass several endurance tests standardized in JIS for the stability of the photovoltaic submodule.
Spectral analysis of reset noise observed in CCD charge-detection circuits

The reset noise observed in detection nodes of charge-coupled devices (CCDs), such as CCD image sensors, is theoretically analyzed. The result of the analysis yields an accurate analytic formula for the noise-power spectral density that is typically measured on these devices. The measurement of the noise-power spectral density can be performed readily on any resettable charge-detection node, and the derived formula, therefore, becomes a useful tool for device characterization and testing. The accuracy of the derived theoretical predictions is verified by making comparisons with the measured noise performance of a typical CCD image sensor. Finally, the usefulness of the results obtained from the analysis is demonstrated by identifying an unwanted noise source in the design of a particular CCD charge-detection circuit. Elimination of the identified noise source can thus result in performance improvement of presently manufactured image sensors, since similar circuits are routinely used for charge detection in these devices. >
Control strategies for smart prosthetic hand technology: An overview

A chronological overview of the applications of control theory to prosthetic hand is presented. The overview focuses on hard computing or control techniques such as multivariable feedback, optimal, nonlinear, adaptive and robust and soft computing or control techniques such as artificial intelligence, neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and on the fusion of hard and soft control techniques. This overview is not intended to be an exhaustive survey on this topic and any omissions of other works is purely unintentional.
A metal-coated polymer micromirror for strain-driven high-speed multiaxis optical scanning

We have developed a new polymer-based micromirror device capable of high-speed multiaxis out-of-plane scanning motion. The whole device structure integrates a metal-coated three-dimensional polydimethylsiloxane micromirror structure with an optically smooth surface and a single layer of silicon-on-insulator electrostatic comb-drive actuators. The high-strain mechanical elasticity of the polymer material allows for translating the in-plane comb-drive motions into three-degree-of-freedom scanning motion with a single actuator layer. The simple structure design and rapid response characteristics of the demonstrated device may lead to high-yield high-performance scanning micromirror technology.
Miniature ultrasonic imager for personal fitness tracking

A highly integrated low-power ultrasonic imager tracks changes of personal fitness by measuring the thickness of subcutaneous muscle and fat layers. The system combines a transducer fabricated from off-the-shelf PZT with a custom integrated circuit that implements all interface functions including high-voltage generation, beam forming, and and a low noise receiver for sensing and amplifying received echo. A novel transmit driver architecture is key to reducing the power dissipation of the high voltage circuits and enable battery operation. The system is capable of recording up to a depth of 6 cm in human tissue with 2mm depth resolution. Beam forming is used to improve signal strength and image quality in situations where the sensor and target are not parallel.
Existential Dimensions of Surviving HIV: The Experience of Gay Long-Term Survivors

With the development of effective antiretroviral medications, long-term survivors of HIV/AIDS are confronted with life, a surprising reality many never expected. In this article, the author draws f...
Exercise Prescription and Patellofemoral Pain: Evidence for Rehabilitation

Objective: To provide evidence regarding the therapeutic effects of exercise on subjects with patellofemoral-pain syndrome (PFPS). Data Sources: Evidence was compiled with data located using the Medline, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases from 1985 to 2004 using the key words patellofemoral pain syndrome, exercise, rehabilitation, and strength. Study Selection: The literature review examined intervention studies evaluating the effectiveness of exercise in subjects specif-cally diagnosed with PFPS. Articles were selected based on clinical relevance to PFPS rehabilitation that required an intervention of a minimum of 4 weeks. Data Synthesis: The review supports using exercise as the primary treatment for PFPS. Conclusions: Evidence exists regarding the use of isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, and closed kinetic chain exercise. Although clinicians have advocated the use of biofeedback and patella taping, there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of these interventions on subjects diagnosed with PFPS.
Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Increases the Cdt1-to-Geminin Ratio Inducing DNA Re-replication and Polyploidy

Hepatitis B virus X protein (pX) is implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis by an unknown mechanism. Employing the tetracycline-regulated pX-expressing 4pX-1 cell line, derived from the murine AML12 hepatocyte cell line, we demonstrate that pX induces partial polyploidy (>4N DNA). Depletion of p53 in 4pX-1 cells increases by 5-fold the polyploid cells in response to pX expression, indicating that p53 antagonizes pX-induced polyploidy. Dual-parameter flow cytometric analyses show pX-dependent bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation in 4pX-1 cells containing 4N and >4N DNA, suggesting pX induces DNA re-replication. Interestingly, pX increases expression of endogenous replication initiation factors Cdc6 and Cdtl while suppressing geminin expression, a negative regulator of rereplication. In comparison to a geminin knockdown 4pX-1 cell line used as DNA re-replication control, the Cdt1/geminin ratio is greater in 4pX-1 cells expressing pX, indicating that pX promotes DNA re-replication. In support of this conclusion, pX-expressing 4pX-1 cells, similar to the geminin knockdown 4pX-1 cells, continue to incorporate BrdUrd in the G2 phase and exhibit nuclear Cdc6 and MCM5 co-localization and the absence of geminin. In addition, pX expression activates the ATR kinase, the sensor of DNA re-replication, which in turn phosphorylates RAD17 and H2AX. Interestingly, phospho-H2AX-positive and BrdUrd -positive cells progress through mitosis, demonstrating a link between pX-induced DNA re-replication and polyploidy. Our studies high-light a novel function of pX that likely contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis.
Detrimental Therapist-Client Relationships—Beyond Thinking of “Dual” or “Multiple” Roles: Reflections on the 2001 AAMFT Code of Ethics

This article presents reflections on and a critique of the recent revision of the AAMFT Code of Ethics on the multiple relationship ethical standard. A brief historical overview of terminology and the debate surrounding "dual" and "multiple" relationship ethical rules in marriage and family therapy is provided. The term "exploitation" is also delimited. Ethical principles and a set of standards addressing "detrimental" versus "potentially beneficial" interactions are introduced, deriving from works in other mental health professions. The article recommends: (a) the terms "dual" and "multiple" relationships should be abandoned; (b) the ethical principles underlying the AAMFT Code of Ethics need to be examined; and (c) the debate on the topic of detrimental therapist-client interactions in marriage and family therapy needs to be revisited, especially in light of a "positive ethics."
Die Evolution lebender Systeme

Uberwaltigend gros ist die Anzahl der lebenden Systeme, die Mannigfaltigkeit ihrer Arten und Gestalten, und jedes dieser Systeme ist auf seine besondere Weise einzigartig. So verschieden sind in der Tat die Organisationstypen, das es vergebene Liebesmuhe ware, wollte man die Evolution in ihrer Gesamtheit zu verstehen suchen, indem man die Entwicklung von Viren und Fungi, Walen und Mammutbaumen oder Elefanten und Kolibris beschriebe. Vielleicht konnen wir durch ein relativ unorthodoxes Herangehen an unsere Aufgabe zu gultigen Verallgemeinerungen gelangen. Die lebenden Systeme evoluieren, um der „Herausforderung“ der Umwelt gewachsen zu sein. Wir konnen also fragen, welches die Anforderungen sind, denen ein Organismus genugen mus.
Cardiorenal versus Renocardiac Syndrome

Many national registries and epidemiological observations have revealed a strong correlation between morbidity and mortality of patients with cardiovascular disease and kidney dysfunction. In patients with heart failure, renal dysfunction is highly prevalent. Even mild to moderate renal dysfunction in patients with congestive heart failure, i.e., cardiorenal syndrome, leads to significant increase in morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying this complicated syndrome are not well elucidated, but the kidney is known to be responsible for the sodium and water retention in heart failure. Without better understanding the pathophysiology of this complex interaction between the heart and kidney, the outcome for these patients remains poor. Moreover, renal parenchymal disease is a pathogenic factor to cardiovascular disease independent of the role of traditional risk factors. More than 88% of patients with chronic kidney disease never reach end-stage renal disease, as the majority of them die due to cardiovascular disease. Thus, understanding the role of renal parenchymal disease as an independent cardiovascular risk state — i.e., renocardiac syndrome — is very important. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of renal function in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. We also elaborate on the novel understanding of chronic kidney disease and its role in cardiovascular disease progression. It should be stated that there may be involvement of both the cardiorenal and renocardiac syndromes associated with a systemic disease, such as with diabetes mellitus.
Magnetization dynamics of a heterometallic Dy-isocarbonyl complex

The reaction of Dy(N(Si(CH3)3)2)3 with three equivalents of HW(CO)3Cp (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) furnished the first structurally characterized isocarbonyl complex of Dy3+, [{CpW(CO)2(μ-CO)}3Dy(thf)5] (1). Solid dilution via cocrystallization with the isostrucutral Y3+ analogue of 1 allowed for the observation of temperature dependent signals in the out-of-phase component of the ac magnetic susceptibility in the presence of an applied dc field. An effective barrier to magnetization reversal of 12.6 cm−1 could be extracted for compound 1 under these conditions.
Human sexuality and evolution.

My first experiment on reproductive behavior was published in 1937, and since that time most of my research has dealt with the neural, hormonal, and experiential control of sexual activity in various species of birds and mammals. In the course of nearly four decades I have authored, coauthored, or edited three books dealing with sexual behavior. Two years ago I decided to capitalize upon my experience as an experimentalist and author by teaching a new undergraduate course entitled “Human Sexuality.” The result was very nearly a total disaster.
All Aboard! The Philosophy of the Omnibus and the Problem of Progress in William Gilmore Simms

It is the purpose of this essay to consider the views of William Gilmore Simms in respect of his expressed doubts about the course of modern society, which doubts we might take for granted today, but took no small independence of mind to express in the 1840’s. By looking at what Simms has to say about the rising new society of his day we can perhaps improve the quality of our own kulturkritik designed to address the forces at work in the society of our time.
Circumferential flow of particles in the suprachoroidal space is impeded by the posterior ciliary arteries.

Microneedle injection into the suprachoroidal space (SCS) enables targeted drug delivery for treatment of posterior segment diseases. This study sought to identify and characterize anatomical barriers to circumferential spread of particles in the SCS of rabbit and human cadaver eyes. These barriers could make targeting specific regions within the SCS challenging. A hollow microneedle (33-gauge, 750 μm long) was used to inject fluorescent particles into albino New Zealand White rabbit eyes ex vivo at six different positions around the limbus and a limited number of conditions in vivo. SCS injections were also performed in human cadaver eyes 8 mm and 2 mm from the optic nerve (ON). Eyes were dissected and particle distribution was quantified. In rabbit eyes, injections made in the superior or inferior hemispheres (even when injected temporally immediately adjacent to the long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA)) did not significantly cross into the other hemisphere, apparently due to a barrier formed by the LPCA. The vortex veins had a minor effect on particle deposition, limited to only around the vortex vein root. In human eyes, the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) prevented circumferential spread towards the macula and ON. In conclusion, the rabbit LPCA and the human SPCA were anatomical barriers to particle spread within the SCS. Therefore, design of drug delivery protocols targeting the SCS need to account for barriers formed by anatomical structures in order for injected drug to reach target tissues.
Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a difficult and challenging condition for patients, clinicians and basic investigators alike. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear in spite of extensive investigations that have yielded a wealth of clinical. epidemiological, biochemical, bacteriological and immunological data on Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although the precise mechanism(s) responsible for the intestinal inflammatory process remain to be defined, enough information has been assembled to hypothesize which components are likely to be important for this probably multifactorial disease. A consistent association between class I or II histocompatibility antigens and either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis has yet to be found. Nevertheless, ample epidemiological studies leave no doubt about the high frequency of familial clustering, and it must be determined whether this phenomenon translates a true genetic predisposition or a common environmental exposure, or both. Immune events occurring in the gastrointestinal tract are unquestionably linked to the pathogenesis of IBD, but it is unknown which are primary or secondary in nature. While most immune abnormalities detected in patients with established disease are likely to represent secondary events, these are no less important, as they probably contribute to the perpetuation of gut inflammation and tissue damage. This does not exclude that IBD is due to a primary defect of intestinal immunity, but this may no longer be detectable at the time of clinical manifestations. The answer to the question of wh1ch of the various intestinal immune abnormalities is central to pathogenesis must wait for additional research. Whether immune responses to the luminal flora, antigen processing mechanisms, antibody production, immunoregulation, cytotoxic activity, cytokine and mediator release are defective or disregulated is under intense investigation. It is likely that several of these events are involved, but they may interact in a complex and unpredictable fashion. lt is almost certain that there are various initiating and secondary events, and different immune mechanisms share relatively few common pathways for damaging the intestine, eg, cytokines, arachidonic acid metabolites, and oxidants. Perseverance in the study of these substances is finally yielding promising new approaches to the manipulation of immune and inflammatory responses chat cause bowel destruction. Future drugs may consist of combinations of highly specific inhibitors, antagonists or receptor blockers, that may selectively block one or several steps of the inflammatory cascade which is chronically active in the intestine of affected individuals. Therefore, we may soon face a situation not too dissimilar from what we have recently witnessed for peptic ulcer disease. The specific cause of IBD may still be beyond our comprehension, but a better understanding of its pathogenesis al lows us to put highly effective therapies within reach.
CONTAGION IN HETEROGENEOUS FINANCIAL NETWORKS

In this paper, we use the financial network contagion model of Gai P. and Kapadia S. [Contagion in financial networks, Proc. R. Soc. A 466 (2010) 2401–2423] to investigatethe interaction of several types of heterogeneity found in real world banking systems. The first source of heterogeneity originates in the distribution of assets across banks in the financial system. The second source is in how individual banks then distribute these assets among their neighbors. We characterize how these two sources of heterogeneity interact to affect the probability and extent of financial contagions in three network structures. We find that greater heterogeneity has a stabilizing effect for networks that are sparsely connected and a destabilizing effect for networks that are highly interconnected. Finally, we consider multiple sequential shocks and find that when banks redistribute assets following an initial mild contagion it increases the stability, on average, of the system to subsequent shocks originating at weakened banks.
A simple method of voltage flicker estimation based on interharmonics

This paper proposes a new method to estimate voltage flicker using the discrete Fourier transform,which obtains the parameters of voltage flicker while estimating interharmonics. The proposed method obtains the amplitude,frequency and phase angle of each frequency component using the odd points interpolation correction method,which reduces the leakage while interpolating,based on the specified signal processing recommendations by IEC61000-4-7. According to the concept of voltage flicker,the double-side property of interharmonic pairs converted by voltage flicker is obtained. Considering the maximum perceptible frequency range of the voltage flicker,the frequency range of interharmonics pairs can be obtained. According to the electric power distortion component symbiosis mechanism,we can differentiate the interharmonic pairs from the common interharmonic components,and obtain the parameters of flicker signal by the amplitude modulation with sinusoidal carrier. Comparing with the Square method and Prony method,the simulation results indicate the accuracy and validity of the proposed method, and the odd points interpolation correction method can separate harmonics from interharmonics effectively and restrain the spectral interruption strongly.
An Electrically Controlled Guarded Flat Plate Calorimeter

A flat plate calorimeter that Is suitable for measuring the thermal conductivity of multiple layer and foam insulations from 350° to about 50°K has been constructed. This device is also suitable for measuring the total hemispherical emissivity as a function of temperature from 350° to 50°K, and the total hemispherical absorptivity at nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium temperatures. The total hemispherical emissivity of gold foil from 300° to 160°K has been measured and is reported to illustrate the operation of the system.
Ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa in patients with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the gastric mucosal cells of patients with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia exhibit early specific ultrastructural lesions which could account for the gradual disappearance of parietal and zymogen cells from their gastric mucosa. Peroral biopsy specimens of gastric fundi were obtained from 4 patients with atrophic gastritis, 3 with pernicious anemia, and 3 normal subjects, and prepared in an identical manner for light and electron microscopy. All gastric mucosal cell types in specimens from both normal subjects and patients showed great variation in their ultrastructural appearance. These variations were due in part to known artifacts of fixation, orientation and plane of section, and possibly degenerative changes within cells. However, no specific ultrastructural changes could be detected in the parietal cells, zymogen cells, mucous, or argentaffin cells of patients with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia which were not present in normals. While infiltration of the lamina propria by wandering cells was more extensive in atrophic gastritis patients than in normal subjects and patients with gastric atrophy, there was no evidence of structural damage to glandular cells by wandering cells. Since the variety of ultrastructural appearances that were found in the glandular cells of patients with atrophic gastritis also was found in the stomachs of normal subjects, it is suggested that the difference between these two groups may be quantitative rather than qualitative. The gradual disappearance of parietal and zymogen cells from the gastric mucosa in these conditions may be due either to the more rapid destruction of these cells by normal mechanisms, to a delay in their maturation and differentiation, or to both of these.
Surgeon–patient communication during awake procedures

Abstract Background Surgeons are increasingly performing procedures on awake patients. Communication during such procedures is complex and underexplored in the literature. Methods Surgeons were recruited from the faculty of 2 hospitals to participate in an interview regarding their approaches to communication during awake procedures. Three researchers used the constant comparative method to transcribe, code, and review interviews until saturation was reached. Results Twenty-three surgeons described the advantages and disadvantages of awake procedures, their communication with the awake patient, their interactions with staff and with trainees, the environment of awake procedures, and how communication in this context is taught and learned. Conclusions Surgeons recognized communication during awake procedures as important and reported varied strategies for ensuring patient comfort in this context. However, they also acknowledged challenges with multiparty communication during awake procedures, especially in balancing commitments to teaching with their duty to comfort the patient.
A case report on the efficacy of vigabatrin analogue (1S, 3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenyl-1-cyclopentanoic acid (CPP-115) in a patient with infantile spasms

West Syndrome is characterized by infantile spasms, a hypsarrhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, and a poor neurodevelopmental prognosis. First-line treatments include adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and vigabatrin, but adverse effects often limit their use. CPP-115 is a high-affinity vigabatrin analogue developed to increase therapeutic potency and to limit retinal toxicity. Here, we present a child treated with CPP-115 through an investigational new drug protocol who experienced a marked reduction of seizures with no evidence of retinal dysfunction. Given the potential consequences of ongoing infantile spasms and the limitations of available treatments, further assessment of CPP-115 is warranted.
α‐Arylation of Esters Catalyzed by the Pd(I) Dimer [P(t‐Bu)3Pd(μ‐Br)]2

Conditions for the coupling of bromoarenes with esters using a single base and catalyst with improved turnover numbers are described. These general conditions were made possible by using the Pd(I) catalyst {[P(t-Bu)3]PdBr}2. Reactions of acetates, propionates, and isobutyrates are presented, and reactions of all three classes of esters on a 10 g scale are described.
CRT-300.07 Total Endovascular Caval Reconstruction for the Treatment of Inferior Vena Cava Agenesis

To report the technical success, complications, and long-term patency of iliocaval reconstruction for the treatment of inferior vena cava (IVC) agenesis. 30 (3%) patients with suspected IVC agenesis were identified from a venous registry of 994 patients from 2000 until 2016. Patients included 23
Supreme Court on design patent damages in Samsung v. Apple

Considering influences leading to the recent U.S Supreme Court decision in a years-long case that Apple filed against Samsung over iPhone design infringement.
The Individual and World Order

The shortcomings of the international legal order are all too obvious to any casual observer of the world scene. The need to eliminate friction between states in an atomic age is painfully clear. Past efforts to establish an effective international law have ended in disheartening failures. Witness the breakdown of the League of Nations and its attempts to establish a collective security system carrying with it the high hopes of peoples everywhere. More recently, when mankind emerged from the “social cataclysm” of 1939–1945, the rebuilding of the international order was viewed as the only available alternative to save “succeeding generations from the scourge of war.”1 A new world order was not only conceived under a sense of deep frustration for the failure of the old, but also under the full realization that the survival of mankind depends on its effective operation.2 The reorganization of the international order was thus posed in terms of a desperate necessity, simply because mankind was compelledto choose between such antithetical alternatives as survival or destruction.3 Yet almost two decades after the termination of World War II, the community of mankind is still without any effective means of controlling international conflicts.
Verifiable outsourced database in the cloud using game theory

In the verifiable database (VDB) model, a computationally weak client (database owner) delegates his database management to a database service provider on the cloud, which is considered untrusted third party, while users can query the data and verify the integrity of query results. Since the process can be computationally costly and has a limited support for sophisticated query types such as aggregated queries, we propose in this paper a framework that helps bridge the gap between security and practicality trade-offs. The proposed framework remodels the verifiable database problem using Stackelberg security game. In the new model, the database owner creates and uploads to the database service provider the database and its authentication structure (AS). Next, the game is played between the defender (verifier), who is a trusted party to the database owner and runs scheduled randomized verifications using Stackelberg mixed strategy, and the database service provider. The idea is to randomize the verification schedule in an optimized way that grants the optimal payoff for the verifier while making it extremely hard for the database service provider or any attacker to figure out which part of the database is being verified next. We have implemented and compared the proposed model performance with a uniform randomization model. Simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms the uniform randomization model. Furthermore, we have evaluated the efficiency of the proposed model against different cost metrics.
Poisson Statistics of Combinatorial Library Sampling Predict False Discovery Rates of Screening

Microfluidic droplet-based screening of DNA-encoded one-bead-one-compound combinatorial libraries is a miniaturized, potentially widely distributable approach to small molecule discovery. In these screens, a microfluidic circuit distributes library beads into droplets of activity assay reagent, photochemically cleaves the compound from the bead, then incubates and sorts the droplets based on assay result for subsequent DNA sequencing-based hit compound structure elucidation. Pilot experimental studies revealed that Poisson statistics describe nearly all aspects of such screens, prompting the development of simulations to understand system behavior. Monte Carlo screening simulation data showed that increasing mean library sampling (e), mean droplet occupancy, or library hit rate all increase the false discovery rate (FDR). Compounds identified as hits on k > 1 beads (the replicate k class) were much more likely to be authentic hits than singletons (k = 1), in agreement with previous findings. Here, we expl...
A phase 2 study of panobinostat with lenalidomide and weekly dexamethasone in myeloma.

Phase 3 studies combining histone deacetylase inhibitors with bortezomib were hampered by gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance, which was not observed when combined with immunomodulatory drugs. This study is a single-center phase 2 study of panobinostat with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (FRD). Twenty-seven relapsed multiple myeloma patients were enrolled. Twenty-two patients (81%) were lenalidomide refractory and 9 (33%), 14 (52%), and 7 (26%) were refractory to pomalidomide, bortezomib, and carfilzomib, respectively. High-risk molecular findings were present in 17 (63%) patients. Responses included 2 complete responses (CRs), 4 very good partial responses (VGPRs), 5 partial responses (PRs), and 9 minimal responses (MRs) for an overall response rate of 41%, clinical benefit rate of 74%, and a disease control rate of 96%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.1 months. In the 22 lenalidomide-refractory patients, there were 1 CR, 4 VGPRs, 3 PRs, and 7 MRs, with a median PFS of 6.5 months. Median overall survival was not reached. Grade 3/4 toxicities were primarily hematologic. Gene expression profiling of enrollment tumor samples revealed a set of 1989 genes associated with short (
Praise Research Trends and Future Directions: Characteristics and Teacher Training.

Teacher praise is an effective classroom management tool. Training teachers to increase their use of praise can improve student disruptive and off-task behavior. The purpose of this article is to e...
Latest results from the earth resources program

The results summarized here deal exclusively with observations from the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) and with the interpretation of these observations in terms of surveying and mapping Earth resources over large areas. This summary is based on nine reports presented to the IAF Congress on 14 October 1972. The titles and authors of these reports are listed below as References.
The Role of the Nurse Scientist as a Knowledge Broker.

PURPOSE This article introduces the importance and nature of the role of the nurse scientist as a knowledge broker. DESIGN A systematic literature review was completed using a modified version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) appraisal tool to trace the emergence and characteristics of the knowledge broker role across disciplines internationally and in the United States. METHODS Salient publications were identified using PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Sociological Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, as well as hand searches and searches of the grey literature. Authors used these resources to define the knowledge broker role and with their role-related experiences developed the Thompson Knowledge Brokering Model. FINDINGS A knowledge broker is one who connects science and society by building networks and facilitating opportunities among knowledge producers and knowledge users. The knowledge broker role includes three components: forming and sustaining partnerships; facilitating knowledge application; and creating new knowledge. There are five major strategies central to each role component: establish, engage, educate, empower, and evaluate. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge broker role has been increasingly recognized worldwide as key to translating science into practice and policy. The nurse scientist is ideally suited for this role and should be promoted worldwide. The Thompson Knowledge Brokering Model can be used as a guide for nurse scientists. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The role of the knowledge broker is to facilitate translation of useful research to practice and policy by connecting stakeholders through meaningful engagement.
Preoperative beta blockade is associated with increased rates of 30-day major adverse cardiac events in critical limb ischemia patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularization

Abstract Objective The association between beta blockers and cardiovascular or limb-related outcomes after revascularization for critical limb ischemia (CLI) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of preoperative beta blockade on 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and major adverse limb events (MALEs) in patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularization for CLI. We hypothesized that rates of MALEs and MACEs will be higher in patients not receiving preoperative beta blockade. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program vascular targeted file for 2011 to 2014 identified patients receiving beta blockade and undergoing infrainguinal endovascular intervention and open bypass for CLI. Primary outcomes including 30-day MACE (stroke, myocardial infarction [MI], or death) and MALE (untreated loss of patency, reintervention, or amputation) were compared between patients taking and not taking preoperative beta blockers. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of MACEs and MALEs. Results A total of 11,785 revascularizations were performed for CLI during the study period (7408 bypasses vs 4377 endovascular interventions). Preoperative beta blockers were used by 7365 patients, including 4541 (61.7%) in the open bypass cohort and 2824 (64.5%) in the endovascular group (P Conclusions In patients with CLI, preoperative beta blockade was an independent predictor of 30-day MI and MACEs after controlling for other cardiovascular risk factors. Beta blockers did not have an impact on short-term limb-related outcomes. The association between beta blockade and revascularization for CLI deserves further investigation.
Gammarus minus: A model system for the study of adaptation to the cave environment

Abstract The amphipod crustacean Gammarus minus is an excellent model organism to study the evolution of troglomorphy, or adaptation to the cave environment, for several reasons. First, cave populations show heritable, individual variation in the reduced as well as the elaborated structures. In contrast, in most other troglomorphic species all individuals lack any manifestation of eyes and of body pigment. Second, it is a single species of the genus with troglomorphic and non-troglomorphic populations occupying different habitats. This is a highly non-trivial reason because it avoids the problem of inappropriate comparison among taxa as most troglomorphic species are highly endemic with no close surface relatives. Third, hydrological and genetic evidence clearly indicate that troglomorphic populations invaded cave streams from surface spring habitats, thus showing that the troglomorphic traits are the derived condition. Finally, evidence from allozyme variation, from morphological comparisons, and from DNA sequence variation strongly indicates that multiple cave populations have evolved troglomorphy independently.
Estimating uncertainty in the context of new approach methodologies for potential use in chemical safety evaluation

Abstract Acceptance of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for use in characterizing chemical hazard and risk requires informed expectations regarding the minimum precision and maximum accuracy of their results. Uncertainty in NAMs derived from variability in the traditional reference data used to train or validate performance of the NAM, and uncertainty in the modeling procedures themselves, limits NAM performance. Herein, we review current approaches to characterizing uncertainty in NAMs. We discuss variability in in vivo data used as a reference for NAM development and validation; the quantitative uncertainty in concentration–response modeling for high-throughput in vitro bioactivity screening; the uncertainties associated with in vitro to in vivo extrapolation using toxicokinetic information; and the quantitative uncertainty in the experimental inputs and modeled outputs from quantitative structure activity relationship models for prediction of point of departure doses. Communication of the amount of uncertainty, both in the input and output for NAMs, often involves a confidence or prediction interval around a given potency estimate, derived from an understanding of the variability in the data modeled. Tuning expectations of NAM performance to an understanding of the reproducibility and variability, both of traditional approaches and NAM approaches, provides a path for the adoption of NAMs as alternatives in screening chemicals for risk.
Pharmacologic Modulation of Bile Acid-FXR-FGF15/FGF19 Pathway for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is within the spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of NASH is rising and has become a large burden to the medical system worldwide. Unfortunately, despite its high prevalence and severe health consequences, there is currently no therapeutic agent approved to treat NASH. Therefore, the development of efficacious therapies is of utmost urgency and importance. Many molecular targets are currently under investigation for their ability to halt NASH progression. One of the most promising and well-studied targets is the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). In this chapter, the characteristics, etiology, and prevalence of NASH will be discussed. A brief introduction to FXR regulation of BA homeostasis will be described. However, for more details regarding FXR in BA homeostasis, please refer to previous chapters. In this chapter, the mechanisms by which tissue and cell type-specific FXR regulates NASH development will be discussed in detail. Several FXR agonists have reached later phase clinical trials for treatment of NASH. The progress of these compounds and summary of released data will be provided. Lastly, this chapter will address safety liabilities specific to the development of FXR agonists.
Federative Republic of Brazil, Before the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (“CADE”), Draft Guidelines Concerning Antitrust Remedies, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

This comment provides recommendations to the Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) on Draft Guidelines Concerning Antitrust Remedies, which describe CADE's policies and practices for ordering relief in cases involving structural transactions. The comment commends CADE for publishing the guidelines and for adopting best practices based extensively on accepted international standards. The comment describes why economic analysis suggests flexibility in regard to relief policies, given the wide range of factual possibilities, so that competition is preserved or restored with minimum compliance, administrative, and enforcement costs, and with minimum loss of efficiencies. The comment then identifies several areas where the guidelines could benefit from improved flexibility. These include: (a) a preference for structural remedies, even though behavioral remedies might be preferable in vertical cases; (b) a presumption in favor of an upfront buyer requirement, although such a requirement is usually unnecessary where an effective divestiture package is well defined and qualified buyers are identifiable; (c) a critical stance on remedies requiring monitoring, even though firewalls and other conduct remedies are often successful where circumstances favor them; and (d) a strong presumption against mix-and-match divestiture packages, although such divestiture may be the preferable option in some cases involving multiproduct firms. The comment concludes by encouraging ex-post empirical analysis of merger remedies.
Effects of Family Obligation Values and Autonomy Support on Internalizing Symptoms of Vietnamese-American and European-American Adolescents

Although negotiation of family relatedness and personal autonomy is a key developmental task of adolescence, what is most adaptive for adolescents may vary across cultures. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether relations between family obligation values and adolescent internalizing symptoms may vary as a function of the level of parental autonomy support perceived by the adolescent, and to assess the extent to which such associations vary by ethnic group. The study included 614 adolescents (Mean age = 15.57 years, 50% male) from Vietnamese-American (55%) and European-American (45%) backgrounds. Adolescents reported their: (a) family obligation values to (a1) respect, (a2) provide current assistance, and (a3) provide future support to the family, (b) perceived maternal and paternal autonomy support, and (c) internalizing symptoms. Effects of family obligation values differed across the three subdomains as a function of maternal autonomy support and ethnic group. Family obligation values to respect the family (a1, above) were related to lower levels of internalizing symptoms for both Vietnamese- and European-American adolescents who received high levels of maternal autonomy support. Ethnic differences emerged such that only among Vietnamese-American adolescents, there was a negative relation between current assistance values (a2, above) and internalizing symptoms among adolescents with high maternal autonomy support. Overall, findings highlight the importance for parents to nurture adolescents’ family obligation values while also promoting their autonomy development.
An Animal Tumor Model for the Study of the Radiation Biology of 125I Interstitial Brachytherapy

A model for the study of the radiation biology of interstitial brachytherapy that uses the RIF-1 murine tumor implanted with removable high activity 125I sources is described. Results of experiments that studied the relative biological effectiveness of interstitial 125I sources, the effects of an hypoxic cell sensitizer, and the effects of drugs and radiation used in combination are discussed.
Brief Report: Linking Depressive Symptoms to Viral Nonsuppression Among Women With HIV Through Adherence Self-Efficacy and ART Adherence.

Background Depression plays a key role in suboptimal HIV outcomes, possibly mediated by adherence self-efficacy beliefs and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence behavior. Applying social-cognitive theory, we examined a longitudinal sequential path model of the association between depressive symptoms and viral nonsuppression in women with HIV (WWH) through these mediating mechanisms. Methods This was an observational longitudinal study using data from the Women's Adherence and Visit Engagement substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. WWH (N = 375) completed measures of depressive symptoms, adherence self-efficacy, and ART adherence. Viral load was measured through blood draw. We examined a longitudinal sequential path model spanning 3 time points at least 6 months apart between 2015 and 2017. Indirect effects were assessed of depressive symptoms at time 1 (T1) on viral nonsuppression at T3 through adherence self-efficacy at T2 and ART adherence at T3. Covariates included age, income, recreational drug use, race, and months on ART. Results Depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent viral nonsuppression through its association with adherence self-efficacy and ART adherence [indirect effect: adjusted odds ratio = 1.004, 95% confidence interval: (1.001 to 1.008)]. Months on ART and recreational drug use were also significantly associated with viral nonsuppression at T3. Conclusions Our findings support depressive symptoms' association with adherence self-efficacy that in turn lead to suboptimal ART adherence and ultimately to viral nonsuppression for WWH. Tailoring of interventions aimed at addressing depressive symptoms, substance use, and adherence self-efficacy among WWH is needed to help close the gap between ART prescription and viral suppression on the HIV care continuum.
Sequential appearance of , , and -crystallins in embryonic and metamorphic Rana pipiens.

Immunelektrophoretische und Immundiffusions-Studien zeigen, dass die Linse vonRana pipiens wahrend der Entwicklung (Embryonal-Stadium 25 nachShumway) α-und β-kristalline Substanzen enthalten. Diese und fruhere Ergebnisse10 sprechen dafur, dass beide Substanzen gleichzeitig auftreten, und beweisen, dass β-kristalline Substanzen in diesem Entwicklungsstadium alleine im Linsenepithel vorkommen, wahrend die Kristalline die am spatesten nachweisbaren linsenspezifischen Proteine (Taylor-Kollros-Metamorphosestadium VI) in der Linsenentwicklung vonR. pipiens sind.
How is flexible electronics advancing neuroscience research

Innovative neurotechnology must be leveraged to experimentally answer the multitude of pressing questions in modern neuroscience. Driven by the desire to address the existing neuroscience problems with newly engineered tools, we discuss in this review the benefits of flexible electronics for neuroscience studies. We first introduce the concept and define the properties of flexible and stretchable electronics. We then categorize the four dimensions where flexible electronics meets the demands of modern neuroscience: chronic stability, interfacing multiple structures, multi-modal compatibility, and neuron-type-specific recording. Specifically, with the bending stiffness now approaching that of neural tissue, implanted flexible electronic devices produce little shear motion, minimizing chronic immune responses and enabling recording and stimulation for months, and even years. The unique mechanical properties of flexible electronics also allow for intimate conformation to the brain, the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and the retina. Moreover, flexible electronics enables optogenetic stimulation, microfluidic drug delivery, and neural activity imaging during electrical stimulation and recording. Finally, flexible electronics can enable neuron-type identification through analysis of high-fidelity recorded action potentials facilitated by its seamless integration with the neural circuitry. We argue that flexible electronics will play an increasingly important role in neuroscience studies and neurological therapies via the fabrication of neuromorphic devices on flexible substrates and the development of enhanced methods of neuronal interpenetration.