cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic ras stimulates a 96-kDa histone H2b kinase activity in activated Xenopus egg extracts. Correlation with the suppression of p34cdc2 kinase

We previously showed that purified, bacterially expressed oncogenic human rasH protein blocks or delays the progression of the embryonic cell cycle into M-phase in activated Xenopus egg extracts. This block correlates with the suppression of the activation of p34cdc2 kinase (Pan, B.-T., Chen, C.-T., and Lin, S.-M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 5968-5975). In an attempt to identify kinases that are involved in mediating the effect of oncogenic Ras on the cell cycle, we assayed aliquots of activated Xenopus egg extracts, which were incubated at 25 degrees C for various times in the absence and presence of oncogenic Ras, for their kinase activities toward a calf thymus histone fraction (Hf1). We find that the suppression of the histone H1 kinase activity of p34cdc2 by oncogenic Ras correlates with a simultaneous stimulation of a histone H2b serine kinase activity. Using a histone H2b in-the-gel kinase assay, we further show that the stimulated histone H2b kinase activity is attributed mainly to a 96-kDa kinase and slightly to p42mapk. Although Xenopus p90rsk is also activated by oncogenic Ras, we demonstrate that activated p90rsk is not responsible for the 96-kDa histone H2b kinase activity. The identity of the 96-kDa kinase remains unclear. Our data suggests that the 96-kDa kinase may be involved in mediating the effect of oncogenic Ras on the embryonic cell cycle of Xenopus.
Detecting Traffic Anomalies Using Discrete Wavelet Transform

We propose a traffic anomaly detector operated in postmortem and real-time by passively monitoring packet headers of traffic. We analyze the correlation of destination IP addresses of outgoing traffic at an egress router. Based on statistical bounds on normal traffic patterns of the correlation signal of destination addresses, sudden changes can be used to detect anomalies in traffic behavior. For more computational efficiency, we suggest a correlation calculation using a simple data structure. These correlation data are processed through coefficient-selective discrete wavelet transform for effective and high-confidence detection. We present two kinds of mechanisms for postmortem and real-time detection modes. We evaluate the effectiveness of those two mechanisms by employing network traffic traces.
Privacy-preserving sharing and correction of security alerts

We present a practical scheme for Internet-scale collaborative analysis of information security threats which provides strong privacy guarantees to contributors of alerts. Wide-area analysis centers are proving a valuable early warning service against worms, viruses, and other malicious activities. At the same time, protecting individual and organizational privacy is no longer optional in today's business climate. We propose a set of data sanitization techniques and correlation, while maintaining privacy for alert contributors. Our approach is practical, scalable, does not rely on trusted third parties or secure multiparty computation schemes, and does not require sophisticated schemes, and does not require sophisticated key management.
Left ventricular-right atrial canal. Ten cases treated surgically.

Abstract Ten patients with left ventricular-right atrial canal have been described. Certain common clinical, hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and radiographic features have been emphasized to make possible clinical preoperative diagnosis of this relatively uncommon malformation. They include findings indicating a noncomplicated ventricular septal defect and left-to-right shunt at atrial level. In addition, there is a tall P wave with prolonged P-R interval and right bundle branch block and a “ball-shaped” heart configuration (mainly on the basis of right atrial dilatation with a narrow upper mediastinum). All of these findings were present in varying degree, isolated or combined in the majority of the reported 10 cases. Five different types of left ventricular-right atrial canal have been encountered. The defect was associated with essentially normal tricuspid valve in 5 cases; with deformed septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve in 3; with cleft septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve in 1; with fenestrated septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve in 1: and in 2 cases, with isolated ventricular septal defects. The treatment of choice is surgical closure utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass. One operative mortality in a very sick 6 week old infant and one late death attributed to marked pulmonary disease and vascular changes were recorded. Follow-up of the remaining 8 patients is gratifying. All of them are free of symptoms and do not require medication. Four patients have been catheterized after operation and show no residual shunt and normal pulmonary artery pressures.
Stabilization via output static feedback in discrete-time linear systems

This communication is concerned with stabilization via output static feedback of discrete-time linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems. A new concept is introduced: output static stabilization in the relaxed sense. This (conservative) stabilization concept is defined so that it is characterized in terms of the discrete-time LQR problem. Properties, and alternative equivalent definitions of this new concept are analyzed. It is shown that for a particular class of plants, the stabilization problem in the above new sense can be cast as a convex programming problem (which moreover can be used as a tool for synthesis). A full characterization for the class of plants that are stabilizable in the above sense is presented. Important consequences of this characterization are somehow surprising. It is shown that the introduced new (conservative) stabilization concept is indeed much more important than it seems. The general problem of output static stabilization can be transformed into the stabilization problem in this new sense. A relationship between output static stabilizability and the discrete-time LQR problem is proved. Convex necessary and sufficient conditions, for joint stabilization (of multiple plants) in the above sense and for decentralized stabilization in the above sense, are presented.
Routine Admission Urinalysis Examination in Pediatric Patients: A Poor Value

The urinalysis has long been considered an important screening test for hospitalized children. The value of the admission urinalyses, required by hospital bylaws, was assessed for detecting urinary tract disease in children admitted to a day-care unit or impatient medical or surgical services during the months of June and November 1987. Of 2695 admissions, urinalyses were considered essential for diagnosis or therapy in 543 patients (excluded from analysis). In the remaining 2152 patients eligible for screening, urinalyses were obtained in 145 (30%) of day-care unit and 587 (35%) of inpatient admissions. The results of 149 (20%) of screening urinalyses were abnormal (23% abnormal in inpatient and 10% abnormal in day-care unit admissions). The numbers of urinalyses with abnormal results were similar in surgical and medical admissions and between the months of June and November. Pyuria (90 patients) and hematuria (66 patients) were the most common abnormalities in initial urinalyses. Follow-up urinalyses and other diagnostic studies were obtained in 38% of patients with abnormal admission urinalysis results. In subsequent urinalyses, 58% showed persistent abnormalities; however, most subsequent abnormal results were not pursued with additional tests. Urinary tract infections were diagnosed in 6 patients. No other additional diagnoses were determined. The cost of initial urinalyses and subsequent diagnostic studies in these 732 patients during the 2 months was $23 465. The cost per diagnosis of urinary infection was $3911. It is concluded that when hospital bylaws require routine urinalyses at the time of admission, this requirement is frequently ignored and, in addition, abnormal results are often unappreciated or not pursued. In the medical center studied, this screening test was costly and had little apparent benefit in detecting renal disease.
A backward-facing step combustor: reduced-order modeling and control

Model-based combustion control enables one to analyze the behavior of a combustor, quantify its characteristics in terms of parameters such as geometry, equivalence ratio, flow rate, flame stabilization mechanism and heat loss, thus allowing an optimal and robust control design toward the desired objectives such as extending flammability limits, reducing emissions, and suppressing pressure oscillations. The most difficult aspect of deriving combustion models is the presence of multiple interacting mechanisms of acoustics, heat release dynamics, and hydrodynamics. While the first two and their interactions have been modeled and understood quite well, a control-oriented model of the hydrodynamics and its interactions with the first two components is only beginning to be formed. As a first step towards this objective, in this paper, we consider separating shear flow behind a backward facing step under non-reactive and reactive flow conditions. Models based on numerical simulation using POD expansion and system identification, and corresponding controllers are presented. Validation of the control strategies using both numerical simulation studies and experimental apparatus are presented. For the latter, a 80 kW backward facing step-stabilized combustion tunnel is used, where using a photodiode array and multiple air-modulating valves as actuators, a 7.5 dB pressure reduction was achieved.
GFP as a Genetic Marker Scorable Throughout the Life Cycle of Transgenic Zebra Fish.

A fish expression vector, FRM, was constructed by fusing the carp beta-actin promoter and first intron to the ocean pout antifreeze protein terminator and putative boundary element. Mutant forms of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) were engineered into this vector, and the resultant series of vectors, FRMwg, FRM3wg (green GFP), and FRM2bl (blue GFP), were used to make transgenic zebra fish. After microinjection of either supercoiled or linearized DNA into one-celled eggs, GFP-expressing cells could be monitored by fluorescence microscopy commencing with the midblastula transition and continuing through embryogenesis. From adult fish, which retained scorable GFP either as patches or as a uniform fluorescence, 11 green and 1 blue GFP-expressing lines of zebra fish have been established. Expression of GFP was nearly ubiquitous and similar among all of these lines. Embryonic expression could be scored at 15 to 30 hours postfertilization and was seen throughout the embryo with the exceptions of the yolk, red blood cells, and in some lines, portions of the head. Adult expression was in a majority of tissues (e.g., muscle, brain, intestine, and heart, but not red blood cells). The notable difference between lines was that fluorescent eggs were scorable in seven of the lines. Adult homozygotes from a different subset of eight lines could be selected by the relative intensity of the GFP marking when compared with that in sibling heterozygotes. All 12 lines contain apparent single locus, multicopy, tandem integrations (1.5-100 copies per cell) of the transgenic DNA. The fish expression vector FRM could be used to drive nearly ubiquitous and strong expression of gene products other than GFP. The GFP expression vectors, FRMwg, FRM2wg, FRM3wg, and FRM2bl, may be useful for optimization of transgenesis and as a comarker. GFP-expressing zebra fish lines could facilitate experimental analysis of chimerism and in vivo gene targeting.
Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control

Freud proposed that unwanted memories can be forgotten by pushing them into the unconscious, a process called repression1. The existence of repression has remained controversial for more than a century, in part because of its strong coupling with trauma, and the ethical and practical difficulties of studying such processes in controlled experiments. However, behavioural and neurobiological research on memory and attention shows that people have executive control processes directed at minimizing perceptual distraction2,3, overcoming interference during short and long-term memory tasks3,4,5,6,7 and stopping strong habitual responses to stimuli8,9,10,11,12,13. Here we show that these mechanisms can be recruited to prevent unwanted declarative memories from entering awareness, and that this cognitive act has enduring consequences for the rejected memories. When people encounter cues that remind them of an unwanted memory and they consistently try to prevent awareness of it, the later recall of the rejected memory becomes more difficult. The forgetting increases with the number of times the memory is avoided, resists incentives for accurate recall and is caused by processes that suppress the memory itself. These results show that executive control processes not uniquely tied to trauma may provide a viable model for repression.
Intrauterine catheterization of ureters of the primate fetus: A technique for chronic experimental preparations for collecting fetal urine

Abstract A new technique which provides a chronic experimental preparation for collecting ureteral urine of the fetus in utero on a daily basis over a long period of time is described. Its advantages over other previously published techniques which deal mainly with bladder urine in acute experiments are discussed.
FORESEEABILITY AS A BAR TO THE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS

The common-law doctrine of equivalents extends a patent's protection to cover certain similar devices that do not literally infringe on the patent's claims. Broad application of this doctrine can, however, create uncertainty as to how substantial an improvement a competitor must make to avoid non-literal infringement. This uncertainty can chill innovation by exposing the would-be improver to potential liability for infringement under a claim of equivalency. The courts created another rule, prosecution history estoppel, to cabin the expansion of protection provided by the doctrine of equivalents. Prosecution history estoppel prevents a patentee from claiming the equivalents that it surrendered during the prosecution of its patent. Both the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court have grappled with articulating the factual situations in which a patent's specification and prosecution history precludes the added protection afforded by the doctrine of equivalents. Several opinions in these cases suggest that a patentee should not be able to invoke the doctrine of equivalents to obtain protection from equivalents that one skilled in the art would have reasonably foreseen before the patent issued. This paper examines a series of cases related to the applicability of foreseeability to the doctrine of equivalents. It then attempts to synthesize the current state of the law in the area, and analyzes arguments for and against adopting a foreseeability rule.
Quantum equivalence of different field representations

Abstract We show that classically equivalent field representations remain equivalent at the quantum level in spite of their different global trace anomalies because these anomalies are not physical observables. This is demonstrated by analyzing quantum calculations for some simple examples of such representations in non-background-field gauges. Furthermore, the local trace anomalies are found to be gauge dependent.
Heat transfer to flowing granular media

The convective heat transfer resulting from a granular flow over a heated surface is investigated. The specific type of flow considered is that in which adjacent material particles are in physical contact. The qualitative features of this type of flow are discussed, and the existing equations of motion are extended. With regard to the equations of motion, an exact solution is shown which has applications concerning the mass flow rate of granular materials through hoppers. The particular heat transfer problem investigated is convection from a flat plate with its long axis parallel to the flow field. An approximate analytical solution, which takes into account the particulate nature of the medium, is developed and experimental measurements obtained. The theory was found to correctly predict the trends of the experimental data. The results indicate that the Nusselt number for this configuration is influenced substantially, under certain conditions, by the noncontinuous nature of the medium. A semi-empirical correlation is presented, based on experimental results obtained with four different granular materials.
On Banach spaces with Mazur's property

by DENNY H. LEUNG(Received 10 July, 1989)1. Introduction. A Banach space E is said to have Mazur's property if every weak*sequentially continuous functional in E" is weak* continuous, i.e. belongs to E. Suchspaces were investigated in [5] and [9] where they were called d-complete and juB-spacesrespectively. The class of Banach spaces with Mazur's property includes the WCG spacesand, more generally, the Banach spaces with weak* angelic dual balls [4, p. 564]. Also, itis easy to see that Mazur's property is inherited by closed subspaces. The main goal of thispaper is to present generalizations of some results of [5] concerning the stability ofMazur's property with respect to forming some tensor products of Banach spaces. Inparticular, we show in Sections 2 and 3 tha E t th
Recoding strategies and the retrieval of information from memory

Abstract The slope of the function relating reaction time to the size of a positive target set in a recognition memory experiment increases when the probe is different in form from the remembered items. In an experiment in which S s were trained in a letter-number translation scheme, the slope was 150% greater when the positive set items were digits and the probe item was a letter or vice versa than when the positive set and the probe items were in the same form. In an experiment using S s who knew the binary—octal translation scheme, the slope was 130% greater when the probe was a binary triple than when it was an octal digit, indicating that both binary and octal numbers were retained as octal numbers. Other experiments allowed the rejection of an hypothesis that S s' memory of the positive set was disrupted by the act of translating the probe into the form of the remembered items, and the tentative rejection of an hypothesis that each item in a positive set is stored in two forms, one of which is compared with a probe more quickly than the other. The hypothesis most successful in accounting for the data claimed that S s translate each of the remembered items to match the probe item in form.
Does Market Timing Contribute to the Cattle Cycle

Recent evidence suggests that cyclical cattle inventories are driven by exogenous shocks. This article examines a second possible contributing factor to the cattle cycle: a market timing effect that arises from individual attempts to maintain countercyclical inventories. The model uncovers an important conceptual point: to the extent that cycles are driven by exogenous shocks, a representative producer should outperform one who maintains a constant inventory; whereas, for cycles induced by market timing, a representative producer should underperform one with a constant inventory. Simulated net returns over 1974−98 reveal that a constant-inventory manager significantly outperformed the representative U.S. producer, which indicates that market timing influences the cattle cycle.
Microdispersive interfacial mixing in fast polymerizations

Interfacial activity between liquid reaction injection molding (RIM) reactants was observed using light microscopy. Diisocyanates were brought into contact with various diols and diamines in a thin (250 μm) gap. A dynamic phenomenon, rapidly producing a well-mixed, intermaterial phase, was discovered. It was revealed that the rate of growth of this newly formed region was dependent on both the rate of reaction and the physical properties of the initially formed product species at the reaction interface. Spontaneous interfacial mixing also occurred without chemical reaction when a reaction product was dissolved in “capped” contacting reactant liquids. It is believed that strong interfacial intermolecular forces, inducing flow through the polymerization product layer formed immediately upon reactant contact, are responsible for the initial explosiveness of this microscopic process. The range of eventual thicknesses of the mixed, interfacial region (100–800 μm) for various typical RIM systems indicates that this microscopic subprocess may be significant to the fate of the overall process.
Ultralow-power 160-to-10Gb/s optical demultiplexing using four-wave mixing in deposited silicon waveguides

Utilizing a 6-mm-long hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanowaveguide, we demonstrate error-free (BER <; 10-9) 160-to-10 Gb/s OTDM demultiplexing using ultralow switching peak powers of 50 mW. This material is deposited at low temperatures enabling a path toward multilayer integration and therefore massive scaling of the number of devices in a single photonic chip.
Student Success Skills: Tools and Strategies for Improved Academic and Social Outcomes.

This article is a follow-up to previously published reports of research evaluating the effectiveness of the Student Success Skills group and classroom intervention. An overview of the key skill areas is provided, supported by ongoing research in the area of social-emotional learning, along with research-based strategies and activities that have been found to improve academic and social outcomes for all students. Key tools for classroom guidance lessons are included and are accompanied by specific guidelines for how school counselors can implement them. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the need to implement researchsupported programs.
Recurrence in Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testis Tumor Patients with No Viable Tumor at Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection

Objectives To determine disease-related outcomes in metastatic testis cancer patients with absence of viable cancer in the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) specimen and determine whether clinical variables can help predict disease progression. Methods Between 1980 and 2003, 195 patients had no viable tumor at the time of PC-RPLND. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records for pertinent clinical and treatment-related outcomes. At a median follow-up of 45 months (range, 6 to 236 months), 35 patients (18%) developed recurrences, and 18 (9%) died of disease. Results On multivariate analysis, predictors of recurrence-free survival in patients with no viable tumor were advanced clinical stage ( P = 0.01) and poor-risk International Germ Cell Consensus Classification (IGCCC) group ( P = 0.01), whereas predictors of disease-specific survival included an elevated serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level before PC-RPLND ( P = 0.002), pathologic diameter of the retroperitoneal mass ( P = 0.05), and postoperative recurrence ( P P = 0.07), and pathologic diameter of the retroperitoneal mass greater than 2.5 cm was statistically significant ( P = 0.05) in predicting a poorer disease-specific survival. Conclusions Patients with no viable tumor at PC-RPLND remain at risk of recurrence. Several clinical variables, including advanced clinical stage, poor-risk IGCCC group, preoperative serum hCG level, diameter of the retroperitoneal mass on pathology, and postoperative recurrence, help better define which patients are at risk.
Bilateral megaureters may masquerade as hydrosalpinges on ultrasound

Gynaecologists are familiar with occluded Fallopian tubes presenting as pelvic masses on ultrasound. However, it is important to also consider anomalies of the urinary collecting system when presented with a pelvic mass, some of which do not necessitate surgical therapy. This report describes the case of a woman with unknown and asymptomatic bilateral megaureters who presented for evaluation of infertility. Initially, it was presumed that she had tubal disease and the possibility of a laparoscopy to remove her hydrosalpinges was entertained.
Dispersion of BaTiO3 powders (part II)

Abstract The fundamental properties of BaTiO 3 dispersions in pure organic liquids and water were studied by sediment volume and contact angle measurements. The liquid groups included alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, ethers, hydrocarbons, and water. Benzaldehyde was found to be the best dispersing medium for the commercial BaTiO 3 powders tested.
Concentrated vs. Contrived Encounters: Suggestions for Language Assessment

T he most usual way to evaluate the effect of an educational program on child language has been to compare the language of children who were in the program with the language of those same children at an earlier time and with children who had different experiences during the same interval. Thus the "evaluation" question collapses to the more general question of how to analyze child language, with the exception that aspects of language are selected for assessment from judgments about what help children particularly need and what help a deliberate educational environment is most apt to provide. In its general form, the question is this: given any two sets of utterances by child A at two points in time (whether the intervening period is filled with natural development or deliberate education), or by child A vs. child B (who may differ in home background or by their presence or absence in a particular educational environment, how can we more economically and informatively describe how their language differs, beyond saying that one child said X and the other said Y? I have addressed this and related questions on several previous occasions (Cazden 1970, 1971, 1972a, 1972b, 1972c) and will focus here on one question: how it is possible to measure the functional aspects of child language which I believe are both most vulnerable to environmental differences and most amenable to environmental assistance.
Plant-fungal interactions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems: Large-scale impacts from microscale processes

The roles of microbes in shaping plant communities have historically been underestimated. Recent improvements in our abilities to detect, identify, and monitor microbial inhabitants of plant tissues are increasing our appreciation of the complex microbial dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Microbial endophytes can modify plants at genetic, physiologic, and ecologic levels. These modifications induce profound changes in how plants respond to their environments, with potential consequences in terms of spatial variation in vegetation dynamics. Microscale examination of Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) and Atriplex canescens (fourwing saltbush) collected in the northern Chihuahuan Desert revealed diverse fungal communities associated with individual plants at the cellular and subcellular levels. To explore thresholds of plant fitness defined by microbial communities, endophytes from B. eriopoda were transferred to Sporobolus cryptandrus (sand dropseed), and endophytes from S. cryptandrus and A. canescens were transferred to B. eriopoda. Dramatic, whole-plant differences in morphology and biomass between treated and untreated plants were observed. Treated plants were generally larger, with greater reproductive potential than untreated controls. We hypothesize that these transformed plants will continue to out-perform their native counterparts, propagating changes from the plant-microbe interface to ecologically significant scales.
Experimental verification of a predicted, previously unseen separation selectivity pattern in the capillary electrophoretic separation of noncharged enantiomers by octakis(2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-γ-cyclodextrin

The capillary electrophoretic separation of noncharged enantiomers with single-isomer anionic resolving agents is reexamined here with the help of the charged resolving agent migration model. Two general model parameters have been identified that influence the effective mobility, separation selectivity and mobility difference curves of the enantiomers: parameter b, called binding selectivity (K(RCD)/K(SCD)), and parameter s, called size selectivity (mu(o)RCD/mu(o)SCD). Analysis of the model in terms of these parameters indicates that in addition to the known, previously observed separation selectivity vs. resolving agent concentration patterns, a new pattern, increasing separation selectivity with increasing resolving agent concentration, is also possible provided that (i) K(RCD)/K(SCD) 1 and (K(RCD)mu(o)RCD)/(K(SCD)mu(o)SCD)>1, or (ii) K(RCD)/ K(SCD)>1 and mu(o)SCD/mu(o)SCD<1 and (K(RCD)mu(o)RCD)/(K(SCD)mu(o)SCD)<1. This hitherto unseen separation selectivity pattern was experimentally verified during the capillary electrophoretic separation of the enantiomers of O-isopropyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate with the single-isomer octakis(2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-gamma-cyclodextrin as resolving agent.
The annealing of vacancy defects in β-NiAl I. Vacancy loop growth in as-grown single crystals annealed in ultra-high vacuum

Abstract Annealing studies have been performed in ultra-high vacuum on thinned samples taken from as-grown single crystals of β-NiAl. The resultant climb of vacancy dislocation loops has been observed using transmission electron microscopy. Dislocation loops grow during annealing at temperatures between 650–700°C, but the growth rate tends to zero after annealing for 2 hours at 700°C. The results of these experiments are consistent with the view that a relatively large supersaturation of vacancies is retained in crystals, presumably trapped at impurity atom or present in the form of clusters, during cooling from the melting point. Such an explanation implies a low value for the energy of formation of vacancies. This is deduced in the present paper from the results of quenching experiments, where it was found that the energy of formation E t of a pair of vacancies is 1·45 ± 0·2 eV.
Dissociated horizontal deviation after surgery for infantile esotropia: clinical characteristics and proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Objective: To examine the results of reversed fixation testing in patients who develop consecutive exotropia after surgery for infantile esotropia. Methods: The reversed fixation test was performed prospectively in 28 patients who developed consecutive exotropia after surgery for infantile esotropia. All patients were assessed for adduction weakness, latent nystagmus, dissociated vertical divergence, and neurologic disease. Results: A positive reversed fixation test, indicating the presence of dissociated horizontal deviation, was found in 14 of 28 patients (50%) with consecutive exotropia. In patients with dissociated horizontal deviation, the exodeviation was usually smaller with the nonpreferred eye fixating than with the preferred eye fixating, and smaller with the preferred eye fixating than during periods of visual inattention or under general anesthesia. Dissociated horizontal deviation correlated with the findings of dissociated vertical divergence, but not with asymmetric adduction weakness, latent nystagmus, or neurologic disease. Conclusions: Dissociated horizontal deviation is a clinical expression of dissociated esotonus. The common clinical presentation of dissociated horizontal deviation as an intermittent exodeviation of 1 eye results from the superimposition of a dissociated esotonus on a baseline exodeviation.
Analysis of a bioassay for circulating tumor cells in two murine malignancies: Correlations with tumor age and extent of metastatic disease.

Abstract Analysis was performed in two murine tumor systems of a bioassay for determining the relative concentrations of circulating tumor cells in tumor-bearing animals. Blood obtained from donor mice bearing a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma or S-91 melanoma was intravenously injected into paired syngeneic recipient animals. For both tumors, the relative concentrations of circulating tumor cells in the donors were measured by the frequency of embolic pulmonary tumor growths in the recipient mice. The concentrations of circulating malignant cells correlated significantly better with the extent of metastatic disease in the donors than with the size of the primary tumors. It was concluded that the concentration of circulating malignant cells is not dependent upon the extent of primary tumors. It was further concluded that, for the tumors studied, the presence of disseminated disease is correlated with a relatively high concentration of circulating tumor cells.
Cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis: an unusual complication of chronic suppurative otitis media

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare microbial soft tissue infection characterized by rapidly spreading areas of necrosis and a high mortality rate. It may be of odontogenic or traumatic origin or may arise from insect bites, burns or surgical infections. We present a clinical case of an eight-year-old child with facial and cervical necrotizing fasciitis as a complication of chronic suppurative otitis media. The causes, diagnosis and management of necrotizing fasciitis are reviewed.
Organized Improvisation: 20 Years of Organizing.

This essay uses twenty years of research into organizing as a way both of viewing current research efforts and of laying a foundation for future efforts. Since organizing can be conceived as a continuous flow of movement that people try to coordinate with a continuous flow of input, jazz is used as a metaphor for understanding organizing. Variations on themes and improvisation become key perspectives with which to understand how people communicate and, thereby, organize.
Review of Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering by Anil S. Chopra

I am most pleased to be asked to provide a review of the subject textbook. I have used both the first and second editions of this book over the past two years for classes in structural dynamics and in earthquake engineering. In my mind, this textbook is an excellent resource for the pedagogy of the graduate classroom, as well as a powerful aide to practicing structural engineers for their use in understanding the dynamics of structures and their response to ground motion. The book is organized into three parts: Part I deals with the fundamentals of undamped and damped single degree of freedom ~SDOF! systems; Part II, undamped and damped multidegree of freedom ~MDOF! systems; and Part III, earthquake response and design of multistory buildings. Each academic year I teach most of the material for a two-course graduate sequence from Chopra’s book. The first course is an introductory class in structural dynamics, and the second is a more advanced class in earthquake engineering. In my first class in structural dynamics, over the course of a 15-week semester, I use material from five of the eight chapters in Part I ~which cover SDOF equations of motion, free vibration with and without damping, response to harmonic and arbitrary loadings and ground motions, and response spectra methods!. I also use material from five of the nine chapters in Part II ~which cover MDOF equations of motion, free vibration with and without damping, and the very important topic of modal methods for linear systems!. In my second semester class in earthquake engineering, I use one chapter from Part I dealing with earthquake response of linear systems, two chapters from Part II of the book, which deal with earthquake analysis of linear systems and tuned-mass damping, and three of the four chapters in Part III of the book, which address topics in multistory buildings, elastic and inelastic response, and structural dynamics in building codes. The book provides numerous examples which illustrate the theory, and which are very useful as explanatory material for the classroom. Some of the exercises in the back of each chapter
Growth of boron monophosphide crystals with the accelerated container rotation technique

Abstract The growth of boron phosphide crystals from a nickel phosphide solution was extended to include accelerated container rotation. In comparison with crystals grown in a stationary container, larger crystals, with dimensions on the faces up to 8 mm, were obtained. It was established that Ni2P was the most suitable nickel phosphide for the solution growth of boron phosphide. The majority of boron phosphide crystals contained both n-type and p-type regions, and easily visible, red p-n junction electroluminiscence was observed. The addition of silicon to the solution produced only n-type boron phosphide crystals, and the addition of beryllium produced p-type crystals. The crystals are suitable as substrates for the epitaxial growth of boron phosphide and for electrolytic etching studies.
Identification of envelope and nucleocapsid proteins of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was purified by rate zonal and isopycnic centrifugation in potassium tartrate gradients. Viral nucleocapsids were isolated from purified virions by treatment with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 followed by high speed centrifugation. This treatment was shown to produce a suspension of 74% completely de-enveloped nucleocapsids, 24% incompletely de-enveloped nucleocapsids, and 2% whole virions. The viral nucleocapsids contained DNA and banded at a density of 1.25 g/cm3. Analysis of the viral polypeptides by gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that 33 virion proteins, ranging in molecular weight from 13,000 to 275,000 dalton, were present in the complete virus particle. Detergent treatment of the virus quantitatively removed two of the major proteins (vp8, 90,000 dalton, and vp13, 73,000 dalton) and partially removed eleven other proteins. Fifteen viral polypeptides appeared to remain firmly associated with the viral nucleocapsids.
ROLE OF XANTHINE OXIDASE IN HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRODUCTION

Increased production of oxygen free radicals may play a role in many diseases such as hypertension. As evidence indicates that xanthine oxidase may be involved in creating these reactive oxygen species, experiments were performed to additionally characterize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in xanthine oxidase catalyzed reactions. In vitro measurements of hydrogen peroxide production from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction were performed in buffered saline using an electrochemical technique, and the effect of allopurinol on inhibition of xanthine oxidase was determined. Experiments were also performed in blood plasma to characterize endogenous hydrogen peroxide producing capability and xanthine oxidase activity. In the presence of sodium azide, an inhibitor of catalase, peroxide production was measured in plasma after adding xanthine or xanthine oxidase and the results were similar to those obtained in buffered saline. When only sodium azide was added to plasma, hydrogen peroxide was produced at a level of 36.1 +/- 7.6 microM (n = 5). From these measurements, endogenous xanthine oxidase activity was estimated to be 6.5 +/- 0.3 mU/ml (n = 5). These results suggests that sufficient substrate exists in plasma to produce micromolar levels of hydrogen peroxide and xanthine oxidase may catalyze these reactions.
Going for broke: Dopamine influences risky choice

Dopamine neurons track reward by increasing or decreasing their firing rate when a reward is present or absent. In this issue of Neuron, Stopper et al. (2014) demonstrate that artificially eliminating these dopamine bursts or dips can alter risky decision-making.
Structure and function of the virulence-associated high-temperature requirement A of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The high-temperature requirement A (HtrA) family of serine proteases has been shown to play an important role in the environmental and cellular stress damage control system in Escherichia coli. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has three putative HtrA-like proteases, HtrA1, HtrA2, and HtrA3. The deletion of htrA2 gives attenuated virulence in a mouse model of TB. Biochemical analysis reveals that HtrA2 can function both as a protease and as a chaperone. The three-dimensional structure of HtrA2 determined at 2.0 A resolution shows that the protease domains form the central core of the trimer and the PDZ domains extend to the periphery. Unlike E. coli DegS and DegP, the protease is naturally active due to the formation of the serine protease-like catalytic triad and its uniquely designed oxyanion hole. Both protease and PDZ binding pockets of each HtrA2 molecule are occupied by autoproteolytic peptide products and reveal clues for a novel autoregulatory mechanism that might have significant importance in Htr...
O (4)-benzylfolic acid inactivates O (6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in brain tumor cell lines.

Purpose The DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), is a primary source of tumor resistance to agents such as temozolomide and chloroethylnitrosoureas that form DNA lesions at the O6-position of guanines. To increase the efficacy of these drugs, pseudosubstrate inactivators of AGT such as O6-benzylguanine have been developed. A novel inactivator of AGT, O4-benzylfolic acid (O4-BFA), has been reported which is more potent and water soluble than O6-benzylguanine. Previous studies have suggested that uptake of O4-BFA is mediated by the folate receptor (FR), and, thus, its use may be limited to cells expressing FR.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO HOST PROTEINS AS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY DURING RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) INFECTION

Groups of male BALB/c mice were primed intraperitoneally with uninfected HEp-2 cell cultures (HEp-2), live RSV infected cell cultures (L-RSV), or sucrose density gradient purified RSV antigen (P-RSV), in combination with alum and killed Bordetella pertussis as adjuvants. The animals were subsequently challenged intranasally (I/N) with HEp-2 or L-RSV. All animals developed severe pulmonary histopathology after I/N challenge with HEp-2 or RSV, regardless of whether priming immunization was carried out with infected HEp-2 cells alone or with RSV. cellular proteins of P-RSV, HEp-2, BALB/c lung, cotton rat lung (CRL), Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGM), and human buccal epithelial cells (HBE) were separated on SDS-PAGE and tested for reactivity against the sera of these animals for immunologic cross reactivity by Western (immuno)blot procedures. Pre-immunization sera exhibited no binding to the proteins of different cells. Sera from L-RSV and HEp-2 immunized animals reacted with one or more components of all cell types tested. Significantly, however, sera from P-RSV immunized animals reacted with cellular components of HEp-2 and HBE, but not with CRL or BALB/c lung. These observations provide evidence that development of pulmonary immunopathology in RSV infection is mediated in part by the induction of autoreactive or cross-reactive antibody response to the host proteins in which virus replication occurred in this experimentally induced infection and possibly during naturally acquired or induced RSV infection in previously sensitized human infants.
Design of an Electric Machine Integrated with Trans-Rotary Magnetic Gear

Design aspects of the trans-rotary magnetic gear (TROMAG) integrated rotary machine are discussed in this paper, with particular focus on optimizing system cost and weight. Analytical models are used for design of the TROMAG. Optimal designs of the rotary machine are found by using a population-based genetic algorithm and two-dimensional finite-element analysis and thermal considerations. Weight, volume, and cost of the resultant system are then compared with the Pareto-optimal set of a permanent magnet linear tubular machine that is designed for the same force and speed specification. It is shown in this paper that, for high-force low-speed reciprocating motion applications, an electromechanical motion system consisting of a TROMAG and a rotary electric machine can far surpass a conventional direct drive linear machine in terms of weight, volume, and initial and operating cost.
Drive discrimination in rats following amygdaloid lesions

Amygdaloid and control Ss were compared on their ability to utilize hunger- and thirst-related cues to guide positional responses in a T-maze. Amygdaloid Ss performed quite accurately when responding to hunger-related cues, but were deficient when responding to thirst-related cues. This difficulty was mirrored by increased amygdaloid VTE behavior on water-deprivation, but not food-deprivation, trials. It is suggested that the amygdaloid lesions either reduced the effectiveness of the water reward or reduced S’s ability to employ thirst-related stimuli to guide positional responses.
“Caloipe,” “Mary Lovetruth,” and “A Female American”: Women Editorialists during the American Revolutionary Era

Articles signed with female pseudonyms and contributed to the newspaper The Massachusetts Spy (1770–1775) demonstrate that female editorialists warranted their public-sphere participation with a wide variety of rhetorical methods. Choice of topic, degree of assent or dissent from male writers, and manipulation of tone, especially humor, assisted in women's public-sphere participation during the Revolutionary period when conventions regarding writerly authority were in flux. In turn, male rhetors used religious and medical warrants to control female public sphere participation. Although women's disagreement about overtly political issues was not tolerated, subtle declarations of patriotic behavior more obviously connected with feminine topics and behavior allowed women authors to write publicly when they aligned their contributions with republican notions of sympathy and concern for the common good. In the end, republicanism rendered women's bodies contested ground, both warranting their public-sphere part...
Calculation of the reduced surface excess from continuous flow frontal analysis solid—liquid chromatography

Abstract This article describes the calculation of the reduced surface excess from a continuous flow experiment. The desirability of using surface excess is considered. The usual method of frontal analysis is explained, and its shortcomings are briefly mentioned. The results of both methods of calculation are shown; using the Everett model, they are compared with each other and with the thermal data gathered simultaneously. Calculation of surface excess for a flowing, multicomponent system is outlined.
Effects of in utero administration of phenobarbital on γ-glutamyl transpeptidase

Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of the in utero administration of phenobarbital (Pb) on gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) in rats. Female Wistar rats were bred to healthy adult males. On day 1 of gestation (evidenced by spermatozoa from vaginal smear) the pregnant rats were given 100 mg/kg phenobarbital (as the sodium salt) daily via the BioServ Liquid diet throughout gestation. Pair-fed controls were given the same volume of food as consumed by the experimental group. The offspring were sacrificed at birth and body, brain and liver weights determined. The pups born to the Pb treated mothers weighed significantly less than those born to the control mothers (4.77 and 6.60 g respectively). The brains and livers were homogenized in Tris buffered saline and assayed for γ-GTP activity. Brain γ-GTP activity was found to be 0.00807 u in the Pb group and 0.00670 u in the control group. We also examined the effects of chronic administration of Pb in adult rats and found no apparent effect on liver or brain γ-GTP activity.
RELIGION, PACIFISM, AND THE DOCTRINE OF RESTRAINT

The doctrine of restraint is the claim that citizens and legislators ought to restrain themselves from making political decisions solely on religious grounds. That doctrine is normally construed as a general constraint on religious arguments: an exclusively religious rationale as such is an inappropriate basis for a political decision, particularly a coercive political decision. However, the most common arguments for the doctrine of restraint fail to show that citizens and legislators ought to obey the doctrine of restraint, as we can see by reflecting on those arguments as they bear on the Agapic Pacifist's rationale for denying that even legitimate political authorities may use lethal military force.