cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Charismatic rhetoric, integrative complexity and the U.S. Presidency: An analysis of the State of the Union Address (SOTU) from George Washington to Barack Obama

Abstract This study advances Thoemmes and Conway's seminal work on integrative complexity (IC) of U.S. presidents by examining the relationship between IC and charisma in the State of the Union address. I examined a census of SOTU addresses given from George Washington to Barack Obama using Boas Shamir's self-concept based motivational charisma construct. IC and charisma were positively related for presidents in the first terms in office; however, this relation only held for presidents who eventually won reelection. Data also confirmed a positive correlation between charisma and the likelihood of reelection. I describe various trends in the data with respect to charisma and IC for time in office. Overall, findings show that using IC in leadership studies may be a worthwhile endeavor, as is measuring charisma by computer given that this measure correlated reasonably well with measures of charisma derived from other sources.
Strategy and the Sea: Essays in honour of John B. Hattendorf

The state of the field of naval and maritime history, allegedly a precarious thing, is a common topic when any group of sea-minded historians gather for a coffee or a grog. In his plenary address a...
IRB Problems and Solutions in Health Communication Research.

ABSTRACTIn this article, we contribute to the current literature on the difficulties that social scientists encounter with IRBs, but with a focus on the distinct challenges that health communication scholars face in dealing with IRBs at their own institutions and elsewhere. Although health communication researchers, like other communication researchers, can expect to face many of the same challenges that their social science colleagues face during the IRB process, the researcher narratives we present in this article suggest that health communication research presents some distinct challenges because the communication interactions that we investigate occur in highly protected, private spaces, including the medical exam room, online patient forums, and electronic health records. To that end, we present a series of examples in which health communication researchers were able to find solutions or workarounds to the challenges they faced in gaining IRB approval for their research. In every case that we present...
Recurrent gastric cancer metastasizing to the bone marrow: A case report of a rare presentation.

Abstract Introduction Gastric cancer notoriously recurs post curative surgical resection. While there may be visceral metastasis to peritoneal surfaces, bone marrow involvement may also occur although with rarity. We present a case report of recurrent gastric cancer with bone marrow metastasis in a patient with no evidence of systemic disease on follow-up for two years post surgical resection. This case demonstrates the need of heightened clinical suspicion in these patients. Methods We reviewed the medical records of a patient who presented with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma to the bone marrow two years post R0 subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy without evidence of systemic disease on follow up for two years. Results Laboratory and imaging studies of the patient on presentation two years post R0 subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy is as follows; elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of 472 U/L, CT chest/abdomen/pelvis that showed multiple new sclerotic lesions throughout osseous structures suspicious for metastasis, PET/CT that showed many sclerotic lesions throughout the axial and appendicular skeleton, some FDG-avid and suspicious for active osseous metastasis. Bone marrow biopsy showed metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma consisted with known history of gastric cancer. Conclusion Gastric cancer has a high rate of recurrence post curative surgery. Despite the rarity of bone marrow metastasis, a high level of suspicion should be maintained in patients presenting with elevated ALP and evidence of pancytopenia post curative surgery.
Measurement of Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations and Improvements from Deep Learning

NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment which measures the oscillation of muon neutrinos from the NuMI beam at Fermilab after they travel through the Earth for 810 km. In this dissertation I describe the operations and monitoring of the detectors which make it possible to record over 98% of the delivered neutrino beam. I also present reconstruction and identification techniques using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are applicable to multiple analyses. Lastly, I detail the oscillation analyses in the $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\mu}$ and $\nu_{\mu} \to\nu_e$ channels on a dataset of 8:85 x $10^{20}$ protons on target, with emphasis on the application of deep learning, energy reconstruction, and treatment of systematic uncertainties....
Dextrocardia: An Incidental Finding

A 67-year-old man who was known to have renal cell carcinoma presented with shortness of breath and chest pain. Dextrocardia was an incidental finding upon electrocardiography (Figs. 1 and ​and2).2). A chest radiograph (Fig. 3) showed a right-sided cardiac silhouette with a right-sided gastric bubble and showed the cardiac apex pointing to the right. A computed tomographic scan (Fig. 4) revealed the liver to be on the left and spleen to be on the right, which confirmed the presence of situs inversus totalis. A myocardial perfusion study (Fig. 5) of another patient shows the typical appearance of dextrocardia. Fig. 1 A 12-lead electrocardiogram shows right-axis deviation; inverted P, QRS, and T waves in leads I and AVL; and decreasing R-wave amplitude from V1 through V6. Fig. 2 A right-sided, 12-lead electrocardiogram shows normal axis and normal progression of R-wave amplitude in the precordial leads. Fig. 3 Chest radiograph shows dextrocardia and right-sided gastric bubble, indicative of situs inversus. Fig. 4 Computed tomographic scan shows the liver on the left side and spleen on the right, which confirms the presence of situs inversus totalis. Fig. 5 Dextrocardia as is typically revealed by a myocardial perfusion study.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER AFTER PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION BY CRYOBALLOON ABLATION

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by cryoballoon ablation (CBA) has emerged as a commonly used technique for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, but there is a paucity of information about the incidence, risk factors for and characterization of post-CBA-PVI atrial flutter. We analyzed a prospective
Sequence alignments and validation of PCR primers used to detect phylogenetically diverse nrfA genes associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA)

Abstract PCR primer sets were designed to target nrfA, the gene encoding the pentaheme nitrite reductase NrfA that catalyzes the nitrite ammonification step in the process of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Details of the nucleotide alignments of the primer target regions of 271 nrfA sequences from reference genomes representing 18 distinct clades of NrfA are shown here along with validation of application to PCR-based methodology including the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiling and Illumina platform amplicon-based sequencing of environmental samples and selected reference strains. Summary data tables illustrate the specificity of forward primers nrfAF2awMOD and nrfAF2awMODgeo when paired with the new reverse primer nrfAR1MOD in relation to consensus target reference sequences associated with members of 18 NrfA clades. Specificity of the new primers to nrfA sequences in environmental samples is shown in AFLP analysis and amino acid-translated amplicon sequences obtained with the new primer sets. We also provide sequence alignment files of the full length nrfA genes, PCR reference amplicon alignment, NrfA amino-acid alignment and NrfA translated PCR amplicon-amino acid alignment. The full nucleotide and protein alignments contain 271 reference genomes that represent the 18 identified NrfA clades as a tool to further aid practitioners in examining new sequences corresponding to the primer target regions and allow further primer design modifications if deemed pertinent to specific studies. A more comprehensive analysis of this data may be obtained from (“Optimization of PCR primers to detect phylogenetically diverse nrfA genes associated with nitrite ammonification” Cannon et al., 2019).
RCC Pavement Reinforced With Steel Fibers

A study is reported which observed the effect of fibers in RCC (roller compacted concrete) from a construction standpoint (i.e. mixing, placing, and attainable density). An experimental roller compacted concrete pavement strip reinforced with two types of steel fibers has been successfuly constructed. Laboratory test results obtained from site collected samples are presented. The improvement in strength and pseudo-ductility characteristics are discussed. The study indicates that addition of steel fibers in RCC does not affect preparation or placement of the mix. Test results showed that the mechanical properties improve with the addition of fibers. Composite properties are improved in terms of strength and pseudo-ductility.
Radiation-related lymphopenia after pelvic nodal irradiation for prostate cancer.

26Background: Given uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of pelvic nodal irradiation (PNI) for prostate cancer, we aimed to determine whether prostate cancer patients treated with PNI are at a h...
Compensatory physical activity: Impact on type of physical activity and physical activity habits among female young adults

Engaging in physical activity (PA) to compensate for drinking-related calories is common among female college students. The objective was to test whether frequency of compensatory PA was associated...
The RAD52 S346X variant reduces risk of developing breast cancer in carriers of pathogenic germline BRCA2 mutations.

Women who carry pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer of up to 80%. However, risk estimates vary in part due to genetic modifiers. We investigated the association of the RAD52 S346X variant as a modifier of the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. The RAD52 S346X allele was associated with a reduced risk of developing breast cancer in BRCA2 carriers [per-allele hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.86; P = 0.0008] and to a lesser extent in BRCA1 carriers (per-allele HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.97, P = 0.02). We examined how this variant affected DNA repair. Using a reporter system that measures repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by single-strand annealing (SSA), expression of hRAD52 suppressed the loss of this repair in Rad52-/- mouse embryonic stem cells. When hRAD52 S346X was expressed in these cells, there was a significantly reduced frequency of SSA. Interestingly, expression of hRAD52 S346X also reduced the stimulation of SSA observed upon depletion of BRCA2, demonstrating the reciprocal roles for RAD52 and BRCA2 in the control of DSB repair by SSA. From an immunofluorescence analysis, we observed little nuclear localization of the mutant protein as compared to the wild-type; it is likely that the reduced nuclear levels of RAD52 S346X explain the diminished DSB repair by SSA. Altogether, we identified a genetic modifier that protects against breast cancer in women who carry pathogenic mutations in BRCA2 (P = 0.0008) and to a lesser extent BRCA1 (P = 0.02). This RAD52 mutation causes a reduction in DSB repair by SSA, suggesting that defects in RAD52-dependent DSB repair are linked to reduced tumor risk in BRCA2-mutation carriers.
Congenital pulmonary vein atresia

Congenital pulmonary vein atresia (PVA) is a rare anomaly in clinic.Patients with congenital PVA are usually symptomatic and present with recurrent episodes of pneumonia or haemoptysis in infancy or childhood.Because PVA often occurs in the setting of other congenital heart lesions, so repeated infection of lung might be consi-dered to associate with left-to-right intracardiac shunt with increased pulmonary blood, but ignore further examination of more rare cause.Diagnosis of PVA is based primarily on imaging test, chest radiograph, lung CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy might reveal some indirect characteristic changes of the disease.Three dimensional contrast enhanced cardiac CT can make a definite diagnosis.The disease is difficult to cure at present, the aim of the treatment is to preserve lung function.The prognosis is associated with the number of involved pulmonary veins. Key words: Pulmonary vein atresia; Congenital heart disease; Pneumonia; Haemoptysis
A General Framework for Analyzing Stochastic Dynamics in Learning Algorithms

We present a general framework for analyzing high-probability bounds for stochastic dynamics in learning algorithms. Our framework composes standard techniques such as a stopping time, a martingale concentration and a closed-from solution to give a streamlined three-step recipe with a general and flexible principle to implement it. To demonstrate the power and the flexibility of our framework, we apply the framework on three very different learning problems: stochastic gradient descent for strongly convex functions, streaming principal component analysis and linear bandit with stochastic gradient descent updates. We improve the state of the art bounds on all three dynamics.
Response to: 'COVID-19 in patients with rheumatological diseases treated with Anti-TNF' by Brito et al and 'Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and rheumatic disease in China 'hot spot' versus in US 'hot spot': similarities and differences' by Zhao et al .

We appreciate the comments by Brito et al ,1 and Zhao et al ,2 in response to our manuscript evaluating outcomes among a cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19.3 We were interested to read the reports of their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and would like to reply to some of their queries. Brito et al raised the important point that the risk of severe infections may vary with therapeutic class of immunosuppressive therapy. We agree that further studies are needed to assess this important question, and we plan to investigate this by therapeutic class for our cohort in future studies as our sample size grows. We agree that studies of therapeutic class will have to account for potential confounding factors, including glucocorticoid exposure, in their design. A recent report performed among patients with rheumatic diseases suggested lower odds of hospitalised infection for biological/targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs …
G-Quadruplexes act as sequence-dependent protein chaperones.

Maintaining proteome health is important for cell survival. Nucleic acids possess the ability to prevent protein aggregation more efficiently than traditional chaperone proteins. In this study, we explore the sequence specificity of the chaperone activity of nucleic acids. Evaluating over 500 nucleic acid sequences' effects on protein aggregation, we show that the holdase chaperone effect of nucleic acids is sequence-dependent. G-Quadruplexes prevent protein aggregation via quadruplex:protein oligomerization. They also increase the folded protein level of a biosensor in E. coli. These observations contextualize recent reports of quadruplexes playing important roles in aggregation-related diseases, such as fragile X and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and provide evidence that nucleic acids have the ability to modulate the folding environment of E. coli.
Use of patient specific 3D printed neurovascular phantoms to simulate mechanical thrombectomy.

The ability of the patient specific 3D printed neurovascular phantoms to accurately replicate the anatomy and hemodynamics of the chronic neurovascular diseases has been demonstrated by many studies. Acute occurrences, however, may still require further development and investigation and therefore we studied acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The efficacy of endovascular procedures such as mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for the treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO), can be improved by testing the performance of thrombectomy devices and techniques using patient specific 3D printed neurovascular models. 3D printed phantoms were connected to a flow loop with physiologically relevant flow conditions, including input flow rate and fluid temperature. A simulated blood clot was introduced into the model and placed in the proximal Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) region. Clot location, composition, length, and arterial angulation were varied and MTs were simulated using stent retrievers. Device placement relative to the clot and the outcome of the thrombectomy were recorded for each situation. Digital subtraction angiograms (DSA) were captured before and after LVO simulation. Recanalization outcome was evaluated using DSA as either ‘no recanalization’ or ‘recanalization’. Forty-two 3DP neurovascular phantom benchtop experiments were performed. Clot angulation within the MCA region had the most significant impact on the MT outcome, with a p-value of 0.016. Other factors such as clot location, clot composition, and clot length correlated weakly with the MT outcome. This project allowed us to gain knowledge of how such characteristics influence thrombectomy success and can be used in making clinical decisions when planning the procedure and selecting specific thrombectomy tools and approaches.
Role of electrolyte in stabilizing hard carbon as an anode for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries with long cycle life

Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is an attractive anode material for grid-level sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) due to the widespread availability of carbon, its high specific capacity, and low electrochemical working potential. However, the issues of low first cycle Coulombic efficiency and poor rate performance of HC need to be addressed for it to become a practical long-life solution for NIBs. These drawbacks appear to be electrolyte dependent, since ether-based electrolytes can largely improve the performance compared with carbonate electrolytes. An explanation for the mechanism behind these performance differences is critical for the rational design of highly reversible sodium storage. Combining gas chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, this work demonstrates that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is the key difference between ether- and carbonated-based electrolyte, which determines the charge transfer kinetics and the extent of parasitic reactions. Although both electrolytes show no residual sodium stored in the HC bulk structure, the uniform and conformal SEI formed by the ether-based electrolyte enables improved cycle efficiency and rate performance. These findings highlight a pathway to achieve long-life grid-level NIBs using HC anodes through interfacial engineering.
Optimization of the light coupling between metalens and photonic crystal resonators for robust on-chip microsystems

We designed an on-chip transformative optics microsystem with integrated metalens for robust and highly efficient light coupling into a photonic crystal cavity.
Latinas' Narratives of Domestic Abuse: Discrepant versions of violence

1. List of figures and tables 2. Acknowledgments 3. 1. Narrating violence in institutional settings 4. 2. Telling the truth about violence: Language ideology and the function of narrative structure 5. 3. Representation, ownership and genre: Language ideologies of narrative production and performance 6. 4. Telling and re-telling: Latina narrators interacting with institutions 7. 5. The protective order interview: A linguistic tug-of-war for representation 8. 6. Disappearing acts: Power, control, opposition and omission 9. 7. Disfigurement and discrepancy: Taking the story out of the report 10. 8. Transforming domestic violence into narrative syntax 11. 9. Beyond the storytelling taboo: Latinas' narratives and sexual violence 12. 10. Discrepant versions and the margins: Truth or consequence for Latina battered women? 13. References 14. Appendix. Glossary of legal terms 15. Author index 16. Subject index
Modeling interactive effects of Pb contamination, Ca2+ and Mg2+ on passivity of alloy 800 in simulated crevice chemistries at high temperature

Abstract A phenomenological model is postulated to interpret the interactive impacts of dissolved Pb contamination, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on passivity of Alloy 800 in simulated crevice chemistries at 300 °C. Passivity degradation is characterized by the retarded dehydration during passivation and increased donor density in passive film. Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ can cause the passivity degradation in the Pb-free chemistries but, if the Pb-contamination concentration exceeds a critical value, would reduce the detrimental effect of Pb-contamination. This behavior may be related to the extremely strong adsorption capacity of Pb contamination. Finally, the applications in the water management strategy of nuclear power plants are discussed.
Outcome predictors in a longitudinal study of high‐risk boys

This study of "high risk" investigated a 3-year follow-up sample of boys in the University of Rochester Child and Family Study of intact families in which at least one parent had been hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder. These families and their sons were studied in order to identify predictive factors for child outcome. Best-functioning (n = 17) and worst-functioning (n = 13) groups of boys (from a total N = 94) were differentiated successfully by time 1 parent and family interaction predictors. These variables included several measures of parent deviant communication and balanced/warm family interaction, chronicity and level of parent pathology, and socioeconomic class. Parent diagnosis was not associated significantly with outcome.
The Myth of Instrumental Rationality

The paper distinguishes between instrumental reasons and instrumental rationality. It argues that instrumental reasons are not reasons to take the means to our ends. It further argues that there is no distinct form of instrumental reasoning or of instrumental rationality. In part the argument proceeds through a sympathetic examination of suggestions made by M. Bratman, J. Broome, and J. Wallace, though the accounts of instrumental rationality offered by the last two are criticised.
Tool for Computing Cohesion and Coupling in Ada Programs: DIANA Dependent Part

We provide the motivation for calculating the Cohesion and Coupling (C&C) of Ada programs. We briefly describe the calculation methodology. We then describe a tool, based on traversing Descriptive Intermediate Attributed Notation for Ada (DIANA) nets, that extracts those Ada program characteristics needed for C&C calculations. We evaluate two ways to tree-walk DIANA nets and provide the rationale for choosing between them. We describe some techniques we used to manipulate DIANA nets that may be of general interest.
Time encoding of LPC roots

A time encoding scheme of the center frequencies of the LPC inverse filter roots is presented. The roots are represented in terms of center frequency (CF) and bandwidth (BW), and the continuity of the CF's in time is established by a dynamic programming scheme which has a cost function depending on both CFs and BWs. Segmentation points are set at the beginning or end of root tracks, at the voiced-unvoiced transitions and at the peaks of a function measuring the dissimilarity of adjacent frames. The tracks within segments are then fitted by linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials. Without quantization, the processed speech is subjectively indistinguishable from the original synthetic speech. Good quality is achieved even below 1000 bps.
Small footprint Nano-Mechanical Plasmonic Phase Modulators

The authors' recent Nature Photonics article titled “Compact Nano-Mechanical Plasmonic Phase Modulators” [1] is reviewed which reports a new phase modulation principle with experimental demonstration of a 23 µm long non-resonant modulator having 1.5 π rad range with 1.7 dB excess loss at 780 nm. Analysis showed that by decreasing all dimensions, a low loss, ultra-compact π rad phase modulator is possible. Application of this type of nano-mechanical modulator in a miniature 2 × 2 switch is suggested and an optical design numerically validated. The footprint of the switch is 0.5 µm × 2.5 µm.
CD11c-Expressing B Cells Are Located at the T Cell/B Cell Border in Spleen and Are Potent APCs

In addition to the secretion of Ag-specific Abs, B cells may play an important role in the generation of immune responses by efficiently presenting Ag to T cells. We and other investigators recently described a subpopulation of CD11c(+) B cells (Age/autoimmune-associated B cells [ABCs]) that appear with age, during virus infections, and at the onset of some autoimmune diseases and participate in autoimmune responses by secreting autoantibodies. In this study, we assessed the ability of these cells to present Ag and activate Ag-specific T cells. We demonstrated that ABCs present Ag to T cells, in vitro and in vivo, better than do follicular B cells (FO cells). Our data indicate that ABCs express higher levels of the chemokine receptor CCR7, have higher responsiveness to CCL21 and CCL19 than do FO cells, and are localized at the T/B cell border in spleen. Using multiphoton microscopy, we show that, in vivo, CD11c(+) B cells form significantly more stable interactions with T cells than do FO cells. Together, these data identify a previously undescribed role for ABCs as potent APCs and suggest another potential mechanism by which these cells can influence immune responses and/or the development of autoimmunity.
Rheological Examination of Aging in Polymer-Modified Asphalt

AbstractPolymers are commonly used to modify asphalt binder in order to satisfy the performance-grade binder’s rheological properties, such as shear, storage, loss, and bending stiffness. However, it is not known what types and percentages of polymers affect these properties under conditions of aging. To this end, base asphalt binders were modified with styrene-butadiene and styrene-butadiene-styrene polymers at 3, 4, and 5% and then aged in the laboratory using a rolling thin film oven for short-term aging, a pressure aging vessel for long-term aging, and a draft oven for intermediate aging. The stiffness properties of the modified binders were determined using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple-stress creep recovery (MSCR), Brookfield rotational viscometer (RV), and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests. Comparison of aging indexes for storage and loss modulus indicated that aging increases the elastic or storage component more than the viscous or loss component of the complex shear modulus. It was sh...
Viscometric behavior of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers used as proton exchange membranes

Abstract tert-Butylphenyl-terminated disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers with a sulfonation degree of 35 mol% (BPS35) and controlled molecular weights (Mn), 20–50 kg mol−1, were successfully prepared by direct copolymerization of the two activated halides, 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) and 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (SDCDPS) with 4,4′-biphenol and the endcapper, 4-tert-butylphenol. Dilute viscosity measurements of the BPS35 random copolymers were successfully conducted in NMP containing various concentrations of LiBr from 0.01 to 0.2 M and mostly at 0.05 M according to the measured theory. The effects of salt concentration and molecular weights of the copolymers on the viscometric behavior were studied and compared with published data for sulfonated polystyrene. The charge density parameter (ξ) for the BPS35 copolymers was determined to be smaller than 1, suggesting that no counterion condensation occurs. Studies of the effect of ionic strength (I) on the intrinsic viscosities ([η]) under theta condition were obtained by plotting [η] vs. I−1/2 and extrapolating to infinite ionic strength. For salt-free BPS35 solutions, the viscometric behavior was shown to fit well with the Liberti–Stivala equation, providing a way to determining intrinsic viscosity when the copolymer charge is fully screened. Intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight characterization of BPS35 copolymers by SEC and static light scattering are also presented. The results are very useful for characterizing polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM) for fuel cells, reverse osmosis and ionic transducer membranes.
Some preliminary results concerning deep Northern-Boundary currents in the North Pacific

Abstract Fourteen-month velocity records from five moorings along Long. 175°W, in combination with CTD and nutrient data, distinguish two pronounced, quite steady, deep zonal currents near the northern margin of the North Pacific. One flows westward at speeds of 1–3 cm s−1 along the slope of the Aleutian Island Arc, and appears to be the northern-boundary current required by deep circulation theory. The other flows eastward at about 1–2 cm s−1 just to the south above the Aleutian Trench and upper Aleutian Rise, and carries water that is slightly lower in temperature and dissolved silica, and slightly higher in salinity and dissolved oxygen, than that to the north or south. We believe that this eastward jet represents an extreme distortion of a level-bottom, interior flow pattern, as forced by the meridional variation in bottom slope on the southern flank of the Aleutian Rise, which imposes a varying effective “beta” on the system. A simple model of this effect is discussed.
Design of Optimum Buried-Conductor RF Ground System

From the design equations developed, a radial-conductor ground system may be constructed which will provide maximum power radiated per dollar of over-all cost. The fundamental equations are particularly applicable to any installation operating in the frequency range below 1,000 kc. A radial-conductor ground system based on the design parameters here presented will assure low-frequency antenna efficiencies of 50 per cent or better as compared to efficiencies of 25 per cent or less usually encountered in similar antennas without such a ground system. A technique for achieving optimum design of radial-conductor ground systems was developed. Curves were prepared which facilitate the determination of optimum spacing and length of the ground radials. A typical computation is included.
Sequestration of a highly reactive intermediate in an evolving pathway for degradation of pentachlorophenol

Microbes in contaminated environments often evolve new metabolic pathways for detoxification or degradation of pollutants. In some cases, intermediates in newly evolved pathways are more toxic than the initial compound. The initial step in the degradation of pentachlorophenol by Sphingobium chlorophenolicum generates a particularly reactive intermediate; tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) is a potent alkylating agent that reacts with cellular thiols at a diffusion-controlled rate. TCBQ reductase (PcpD), an FMN- and NADH-dependent reductase, catalyzes the reduction of TCBQ to tetrachlorohydroquinone. In the presence of PcpD, TCBQ formed by pentachlorophenol hydroxylase (PcpB) is sequestered until it is reduced to the less toxic tetrachlorohydroquinone, protecting the bacterium from the toxic effects of TCBQ and maintaining flux through the pathway. The toxicity of TCBQ may have exerted selective pressure to maintain slow turnover of PcpB (0.02 s−1) so that a transient interaction between PcpB and PcpD can occur before TCBQ is released from the active site of PcpB.
Isolation effect: Overall list facilitation in short-term memory

Abstract The classical literature argued that when attention-getting items are placed in the middle of a to-be-learned list of items, the enhanced performance on the isolate is obtained at the expense of the other list items. Three experiments are presented which are not consistent with this tradeoff formulation and argue rather for an improvement in overall list performance. It is argued that this effect: (a) seems related to serial memory tasks wherein a repetition strategy is employed, (b) requires that the isolated item be centrally located in the list, and (c) is facilitated by a simultaneous presentation of list items.
Positional Behavior of Delacour’s Langurs ( Trachypithecus delacouri ) in Northern Vietnam

Information on positional behavior can help elucidate relationships between a species’ morphology, behavior, and environment. Delacour’s langurs (Trachypithecus delacouri) are similar to other colobines in body mass and intermembral index, yet inhabit a limestone karst environment. From August 2007 to July 2008, we collected 372 h of positional behavior and substrate use data from 8 groups of Trachypithecus delacouri in Van Long Nature Reserve, Vietnam to address questions about how the distinct —and potentially dangerous— features of karst influence colobine positional behavior. Results show that Trachypithecus delacouri is predominantly quadrupedal (66%). However, they exhibit differences that set them apart from many other colobines. Nearly 80% of locomotor and postural behaviors were performed on rocks. Leaping was remarkably infrequent, representing only 6% of overall locomotion. They leapt 3 times more frequently on trees (13%) than on rocks (4%) and more frequently used trees as a landing substrate than rocks (38% vs. 23%), both significant differences. We argue that rock (and cliff) travel is altogether different from terrestrial and arboreal travel and propose using the term petrous to indicate the substrate and incorporate the implications of its precise sharpness and verticality that lead to the complexities and risk of locomotion on rock surfaces. Trachypithecus delacouri does not show specific adaptations for limestone karst. Instead they appear to be a behaviorally flexible species and, owing to the generalized locomotor capabilities that characterize cercopithecids, capable of locomoting through and living in the limestone rock environment to which they have relatively recently been restricted.
Crystal structure of chemically synthesized HIV-1 protease and a ketomethylene isostere inhibitor based on the p2/NC cleavage site

Here we report the X-ray structures of chemically synthesized HIV-1 protease and the inactive [D25N]HIV-1 protease complexed with the ketomethylene isostere inhibitor Ac-Thr-Ile-Nle{psi}[CO-CH{sub 2}]Nle-Gln-Arg.amide at 1.4 and 1.8 {angstrom} resolution, respectively. In complex with the active enzyme, the keto-group was found to be converted into the hydrated gem-diol, while the structure of the complex with the inactive D25N enzyme revealed an intact keto-group. These data support the general acid-general base mechanism for HIV-1 protease catalysis.
The atomic physics facility at the LBL ECR source

Abstract A low-energy beam line facility for atomic and surface physics research has been added to the injection line of the ECR source at the LBL 88 in. cyclotron. Beams throughout the periodic table can be delivered to three beam line stations at energies up to 15 Q keV. Experiments using this facility include forbidden line emission from the ion beam, ion-atom collisions, merged electron-ion beams and sputtering by highly charged ions.
Review of Vortices in Wildland Fire

Vortices are almost always present in the wildland fire environment and can sometimes interact with the fire in unpredictable ways, causing extreme fire behavior and safety concerns. In this paper, the current state of knowledge of the interaction of wildland fire and vortices is examined and reviewed. A basic introduction to vorticity is given, and the two common vortex forms in wildland fire are analyzed: fire whirls and horizontal roll vortices. Attention is given to mechanisms of formation and growth and how this information can be used by firefighters.
Thermodynamics of feldspathoid solutions

We have developed models for the thermody-namic properties of nephelines, kalsilites, and leucites in the simple system NaAlSiO4−KAlSiO4−Ca0.5AlSiO4−SiO2−H2O that are consistent with all known constraints on subsolidus equilibria and thermodynamic properties, and have integrated them into the existing MELTS software package. The model for nepheline is formulated for the simplifying assumptions that (1) a molecular mixing-type approximation describes changes in the configurational entropy associated with the coupled exchange substitutions □Si?NaAl and □Ca? Na2 and that (2) Na+ and K+ display long–range non-convergent ordering between a large cation and the three small cation sites in the Na4Al4Si4O16 formula unit. Notable features of the model include the prediction that the mineral tetrakalsilite (“panunzite”, sensu stricto) results from anti-ordering of Na and K between the large cation and the three small cation sites in the nepheline structure at high temperatures, an average dT/dP slope of about 55°/kbar for the reaction $$$$ over the temperature and pressure ranges 800–1050 °C and 500–5000 bars, roughly symmetric (i.e. quadratic) solution behavior of the K–Na substitution along joins between fully ordered components in nepheline, and large positive Gibbs energies for the nepheline reciprocal reactions $$$$ and $$$$ and for the leucite reciprocal reaction $$$$
Mechanism of sodium arsenite-mediated induction of heme oxygenase-1 in hepatoma cells. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases.

Heme oxygenase-1 is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes heme degradation and has been proposed to play a role in protecting cells against oxidative stress-related injury. We investigated the induction of heme oxygenase-1 by the tumor promoter arsenite in a chicken hepatoma cell line, LMH. We identified a heme oxygenase-1 promoter-driven luciferase reporter construct that was highly and reproducibly expressed in response to sodium arsenite treatment. This construct was used to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in arsenite-mediated heme oxygenase-1 gene expression. In LMH cells, sodium arsenite, cadmium, and heat shock, but not heme, induced activity of the MAP kinases extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. To examine whether these MAP kinases were involved in mediating heme oxygenase-1 gene expression, we utilized constitutively activated and dominant negative components of the ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways. Involvement of an AP-1 site in arsenite induction of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression was studied. We conclude that the MAP kinases ERK and p38 are involved in the induction of heme oxygenase-1, and that at least one AP-1 element (located −1576 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site) is involved in this response.
Network modeling of an aperture coupling between microstrip line and patch antenna for active array applications

An analytical method based on the aperture coupling theory and the derivation of the S-parameter matrix has been developed for modeling a microstrip line coupled to a microstrip patch antenna using a circular coupling aperture. Closed-form solutions were derived for scattering parameters of the coupling circuit. Input impedance and matching condition can be calculated from the equivalent six-port network. The theoretical results agree well with the measurements. The analysis should have many applications in active array and spatial power combining systems. >
Neural tube defects in mice exposed to tap water

In May of 2006 we suddenly began to observe neural tube defects (NTDs) in embryos of untreated control mice. We hypothesized the mice were being exposed unknowingly to a teratogenic agent and investigated the cause. Our results suggested that NTDs were not resulting from bedding material, feed, strain, or source of the mice. Additionally, mice were negative for routine and comprehensive screens of pathogens. To further test whether the NTDs resulted from infectious or genetic cause localized to our facility, we obtained three strains of timed pregnant mice from commercial suppliers located in four different states. All strains and sources of mice arrived in our laboratory with NTDs, implying that commercially available mice were possibly exposed to a teratogen prior to purchase. Our investigation eventually concluded that exposure to tap water was causing the NTDs. The incidence of NTDs was greatest in purchased mice provided tap water and lowest in purchased mice provided distilled deionized water (DDI). Providing mice DDI water for two generations (F2-DDI) eliminated the NTDs. When F2-DDI mice were provided tap water from three different urban areas prior to breeding, their offspring again developed NTDs. Increased length of exposure to tap water significantly increased the incidence of NTDs. These results indicate that a contaminant in municipal tap water is likely causing NTDs in mice. The unknown teratogen appears to have a wide geographic distribution but has not yet been identified. Water analysis is currently underway to identify candidate contaminants that might be responsible for the malformations.
Positive effects on life skills motivation and self-efficacy: node-link maps in a modified therapeutic community.

In recent years, one response to drug abuse problems has been to provide treatment in prison and probation settings. Results are promising, although the need for improving mandated treatment has been expressed. The Cognitive Enhancements for Treatment of Probationers (CETOP) project is investigating cognitive enhancements in a modified therapeutic community (TC) setting. One enhancement is node-link mapping, a visual graphing strategy. Map “nodes” contain ideas, actions, and feelings; these are connected by links that illustrate meaningful relationships. Current findings indicate increases in group participation, ratings of session depth, and positive ratings of coresidents, counselors, and security staff. The present study extends this research by comparing mapping-enhanced counseling to standard counseling on self-efficacy and motivation for basic psychosocial skills (e.g., emotional control). Probationers (n = 381) in a 16-week residential program were assigned randomly to conditions in 12 TCs (n = 30–...
Interpreting Iceberg Deposits in the Deep Sea

In their report “Millennial-scale instability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet during the last glaciation” (9 June, p. 1815), S. L. Kanfoush et al . suggest that increases in ice-rafted detritus (IRD) observed in deep-sea sediment records from the South Atlantic Ocean identify times of instability of
Geomagnetic modulation of the late Pleistocene cosmic-ray flux as determined by 10Be from Blake Outer Ridge marine sediments

Abstract The cosmic-ray flux incident upon the Earth during the late Pleistocene, 20–60 kyr B.P., was studied by measuring the cosmogenic radionuclide 10 Be from a marine sediment core at site CH88-10P on the Blake Outer Ridge. The paleointensity of the geomagnetic field for this core was determined by various methods. The variance in the concentration of 10 Be in the authigenic fraction of the sediments from Blake Ridge closely correlates with the inverse of the variance in the paleointensity of the geomagnetic field. The 10 Be signal lags, up to 1000 years of sedimentation, the measured paleointensity of the sediments. In contrast, the data from several other elements, some climatically sensitive, and from beryllium show relationship neither to 10 Be nor to the paleomagnetic data. The relationship between 10 Be concentration and the dipole field intensity ( M / M o ) as measured in the sediments is consistent with theoretical models.
Malignant intraperitoneal neoplasms of childhood

Objective. The purpose of this paper is to review and categorize the CT appearances of primary and secondary intraperitoneal neoplasms in children. Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed the CT images of 14 cases of intraperitoneal neoplasms. They were reviewed for bowel wall thickening, mesenteric nodules, ascites, calcification, peritoneal nodules, omental caking, and contrast enhancement. Results. Computed tomography images of 14 cases of intraperitoneal neoplasms were evaluated: rhabdomyosarcoma (5), lymphoma (3), neuroblastoma (2), germ cell tumor (1), mesothelioma (1), Wilms tumor (1), and hepatocellular carcinoma (1). Nodular enhancement was seen in all cases, ascites in most, significant bowel wall thickening only with lymphoma, and calcification only with germ cell tumors. Omental caking was present both with rhabdomyosarcoma and lymphoma. Conclusions. While rare in pediatrics, intraperitoneal neoplasms occur in children, and CT is useful in identifying these peritoneal neoplasms.
Stress concentration factors and stress-gradients due to circular holes in radially functionally graded panels subjected to anti-plane shear loading

Closed-form expressions for the elastic fields (stresses, stress-gradients, strains, and displacements) in radially graded continua without and with circular holes are derived. The conventional definition of the stress concentration factor, which is the ratio of the maximum tangential stress on the circumference of the hole to the far-field applied traction, leads to physically unrealistic interpretations in functionally graded materials. A novel definition is derived for the stress concentration factor in graded panels. The stress concentration factor increases when the rigidity modulus progressively decreases away from the center of the hole (softening materials). The stress concentration desirably reduces in hardening materials in which the rigidity modulus progressively increases away from the hole. The gradient of the tangential stress ahead of the circular hole introduces an affected zone that is size-dependent (depends on the size of the hole, even in homogeneous media). The affected zone size decreases, while the stress-gradients increase with increase in the inhomogeneity length-scale and results in the increasing propensity of damage in softening materials. In hardening materials, the propensity of damage reduces with increase in the inhomogeneity length-scale due to the stress dilution.
Energetic and Socioeconomic Justification for Solar-Powered Desalination Technology for Rural Indian Villages

This paper provides justification for solar-powered electrodialysis desalination systems for rural Indian villages. It is estimated that 11% of India’s 800 million people living in rural areas do not have access to an improved water source. If the source’s quality in regards to biological, chemical, or physical contaminants is also considered, this percentage is even higher. User interviews conducted by the authors and in literature reveal that users judge the quality of their water source based on its aesthetic quality (taste, odor, and temperature). Seventy-three percent of Indian villages rely on groundwater as their primary drinking supply. However, saline groundwater underlies approximately 60% of the land area in India. Desalination is necessary in order to improve the aesthetics of this water (by reducing salinity below the taste threshold) and remove contaminants that cause health risks.Both technical and socioeconomic factors were considered to identify the critical design requirements for inland water desalination in India. An off-grid power system is among those requirements due to the lack of grid access or intermittent supply, problems faced by half of Indian villages. The same regions in India that have high groundwater salinity also have the advantage of high solar potential, making solar a primary candidate. Within the salinity range of groundwater found in inland India, electrodialysis would substantially reduce the energy consumption to desalinate compared to reverse osmosis, which is the standard technology used for village-level systems. This energy savings leads to a smaller solar array required for electrodialysis systems, translating to reduced capital costs.Copyright © 2014 by ASME