cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Several reports have documented the magnitude and range of risk conditions that children and youths confront in their daily lives (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2004). Nearly one in five children in the United States live in poverty and experience the multiple, layered risks associated with poor homes and poor communities (Evans, 2004; U.S. Census Bureau, 2002). As a result of widespread risk conditions and low access to preventive or remedial mental health services, approximately 20% of children living in the United States have a diagnosable mental disorder, and 9% to 13% of children have severe emotional disorders that impair their functioning at home or school (Friedman, Katz-Leavy, Manderscheid, & Sondheimer, 1996). Consequently, at least 25% of children in the United States are at serious risk of not achieving “productive adulthood” (National Research Council, 1993). These statistics on population-level risk among youth, combined with a rapidly expanding array of empirically supported mental health prevention programs, have led to renewed calls for an increased emphasis on deploying empirically supported prevention programs into children’s natural settings. The Surgeon General’s National Action Agenda for Children’s Mental Health (U.S. Public Health Service, 2002) has recommended that prevention programs be embedded into schools and other child-serving institutions, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has targeted significant resources toward efforts to disseminate such programs into schools and other community settings. As school psychologists increasingly move into prevention and public health–oriented roles (Cummings et al., 2004; Durlak, 1995; Greenberg, Domitrovic, & Bumbarger, 2001; Hoagwood & Johnson, 2003), they experience the need for brief, reliable, and valid measures of behavioral and emotional adjustment that can be used in epidemiological and prevention research. This study provides evidence of the psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 2000), a measure recently included by NIMH as its epidemiological screener in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS; NIMH, 2002, 2003, 2004). A brief screening instrument that teachers and parents can complete on all students would be of particular value to school psychologists who adopt a prevention-oriented, public health orientation to practice (Hoagwood & Johnson, 2003).
Selectivity of NH3 oxidation on platinum

Abstract On-line mass spectrometry is used to examine the kinetics of NH 3 -oxidation on polycrystalline Pt wires for temperatures between 250 and 1500°C. A differentially pumped system is employed so that species concentrations can be continuously monitored and absolute reaction rates determined. Reactions studied under reaction controlled conditions are unimolecular decomposition of NO and of NH 3 , the bimolecular reaction of NH 3 and NO to form N 2 , and NH 3 oxidation to NO and to N 2 . In all reactions and at all temperatures, unique steady-states were observed, and these were attained in less than 2 seconds after adjusting pressures and temperatures. Comparison is made with results obtained in a 1 atm flow reactor, and some possible effects of mass transfer limitation on the selectivity are discussed. The selectivity of NO vs. N 2 production appears to be controlled almost entirely by the NONH 3 reaction for T ⪅ 1000°C, and by unimolecular decomposition of NH 3 for higher temperatures. The rates of NH 3 decomposition and of NO reduction by NH 3 are semi-quantitatively described with simple Langmuir—Hinshelwood kinetics. Adsorbed oxygen is found to inhibit NH 3 -decomposition and may be necessary to promote the NONH 3 reaction.
STUDIES ON INFLAMMATION: I. The Effect of Histamine and Serotonin on Vascular Permeability: An Electron Microscopic Study

The mechanism, whereby histamine and serotonin increase the permeability of blood vessels, was studied in the rat by means of the electron microscope. The drugs were injected subcutaneously into the scrotum, whence they diffused into the underlying (striated) cremaster muscle. An intravenous injection of colloidal HgS was also given, in order to facilitate the identification of leaks by means of visible tracer particles. After intervals varying from 1 minute to 57 days the animals were killed; the cremaster was fixed, embedded in methacrylate, and examined with the electron microscope. One to 12 minutes after the injection, the blood vessels of the smallest caliber (3 to 5 micra as measured on electron micrographs) appeared intact. Numerous endothelial openings were present in blood vessels with a diameter of 7 to 8 micra or more. These gaps were 0.1 to 0.8 micra in width; portions of intercellular junctions were often present in one or both of the margins. The underlying basement membrane was morphologically intact. An accumulation of tracer particles and chylomicra against the basement membrane indicated that the latter behaved as a filter, allowing fluid to escape but retaining and concentrating suspended particulate matter of the size used. Uptake of tracer particles by endothelial vesicles was minimal. Phagocytosis by endothelial cells became more prominent at 3 hours, but as a secondary occurrence; the pericytes were actively phagocytic at all stages. At the 3-hour stage no leaks were found. The changes induced by histamine and serotonin were indistinguishable, except that the latter was more potent on a mole-to-mole basis. In control animals only small accumulations of tracer particles were found in the wall of a number of blood vessels. With regard to the pathogenesis of the endothelial leaks, the electron microscopic findings suggested that the endothelial cells become partially disconnected along the intercellular junctions. Supporting evidence was provided at the level of the light microscope, by demonstrating-in the same preparation-the leaks with appropriate tracer particles(1), and the intercellular junctions by the silver nitrate method. The lipid nature of the chylomicron deposits observed in electron micrographs was also confirmed at the level of the light microscope, using cremasters fixed in formalin and stained in toto with sudan red.
The Public Man and the Public World in Modern Japan: Nanbara Shigeru and Hasegawa Nyozekan Revisited

of his own earlier work on the 'public man' in State and Intellectual in Imperialjapan (1988). Building upon critical responses to that work and a number of recent treatments of these two major themes, the author suggests a possible new interpretative framework for fascism, and goes on to explore the paradox of insider resistance, outsider conformity' in somewhat greater depth than in his original work.The essay concludes with some observations on the relevance of the categories of the 'public' and 'public man' to the discussion of the intellectual underpinnings of Japanese democracy.
Efficacy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Energy in Postoperative Recovery from Blepharoplasty

BackgroundA novel medical device that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration is available for treatment of postsurgical edema. The device emits a low-level, pulsed electromagnetic energy field, which modulates resting cell membrane potential, allowing a return to physiologic resting m
Ser mina no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX

Atraves das experiencias de dois africanos ocidentais enviados a Bahia como escravos, provavelmente em torno de 1840, e depois vendidos para o Rio de Janeiro onde eles se conheceram, tornaram-se amantes, compraram sua liberdade, se casaram e se divorciaram, discuto o debate continuo sobre o remodelamento ou transferencia de identidades etnicas africanas em sociedades escravistas americanas. As fontes deste caso brasileiro sugerem que identidades previas nao eram subitamente apagadas; ao inves disso, novas camadas de compreensao e modos de reagir eram adicionados. Qualquer que fosse a dinâmica da formacao cultural, era a memoria que ligava de forma crucial as distâncias entre o passado que eles carregavam e o presente para o qual tinham sido empurrados. E assim torna-se esclarecedor reconstruir os passados africanos plausiveis de serem lembrados nos quais esse casal tentava buscar sentido para um presente brasileiro nada familiar.
GENETIC MARKERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF LUNG CANCER AND OUTCOME MEASURES FOR RESPONSE TO CHEMOPREVENTION

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. The high mortality rate for lung cancer probably results, at least in part, from the absence of standard clinical procedures for diagnosis of the disease at early and more treatable stages compared to breast, prostate, and colon cancers. The delineation of genetic alterations that occur in lung tumorigenesis may aid in both developing molecular markers for early detection and predicting of response to chemoprevention/chemotherapy. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies have shown that mutations in protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are critical in the multi-step development and progression of lung tumors. Inactivation of TSGs are by far the most common mutational events documented during the development of lung cancer. For example, loss of function of the Rb and/or p53 genes has been detected in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, allelic loss analyses have implicated the existence of other tumor suppressor gene loci on 9p as well as on 3p, 5q, 8p, 9q, 11q, 11q, and 17q. We examined the short arm of chromosomes 3 and 9 for TSG loci by analyzing 23 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung with numerous microsatellite markers. On chromosome 9p, loss of heterozygosity was detected in all of the 23 tumors and homozygous deletions of the p16/CDKN2 locus were detected in 6 of the 23 (26%) tumors. In addition, a novel region of homozygous deletion was detected in 6 of the tumors (26%) at D9S126. The homozygous deletion of D9S126 was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of tumor tissue touch preparations and isolated nuclei using P1 and cosmid probes that contain D9S126. Only one tumor harbored a homozygous deletion at both the p16/CDKN2 locus and the D9S126 locus. The data identify a region of homozygous loss on the short arm of chromosome 9, suggesting the presence of a novel TSG locus approximately 2.5 cM proximal to p16/CDKN2. On chromosome 3p, a similar high percentage of the tumors exhibited loss of heterozygosity. Also, homozygous deletions were detected in several tumors at 3p21.3. Thus, FISH analysis with probes containing the D9S126 or p16 locus could be used as molecular markers to assay sputum samples for premalignant cells exfoliated from the bronchial epithelium. Probes from other chromosome regions such as 3p21 could be used in a similar manner.
Observations of a nonlinear solitary wave packet in the Kelvin wake of a ship

Thirty data sets of wavestaff measurements of a solitary feature in the Kelvin wake of the Coast Guard cutter Point Brower are analysed. The average characteristics of the feature between 1 and 4 km aft of the ship are shown to be consistent with those of an nonlinear solitary wave packet. The ship speed is 7.7m/s. The ship speed and the wave frequency, together with Kelvin wake kinematics, imply that the feature appears at an average wake half-angle of 10.9.
Taxol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis: dose-response relationship in lung cancer cells of different wild-type p53 status and under isogenic condition

The effective dose, schedule, molecular basis of the cytotoxicity of taxol and their dependence on the genetic background in tumor cells are still not well understood. Here, we examined how the dose-response relationship for taxol varies in lung cancer cells with different p53 status and under isogenic conditions. DNA content analyses in A 549 (p53, +/+) and H 1299 (p53, -/-) cells, showed that taxol progressively induced G2/M arrest in both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, which was accompanied by a parallel decrease in the G1 population. G2/M arrest, however, occurred at a lower concentration in A 549 cell lines than in H 1299 cells. The S-phase population in A 549 cells was not significantly changed up to 0.025 microM, but dropped by six-fold at 1.0 microM taxol, in contrast to that in H 1299 cells. A sub-G1 apoptotic population was present at 24 h, even at 0.002 microM taxol, when G2/M arrest was not appreciably detected. In both cell lines, the maximum apoptosis of about 28% was achieved at 0.025 microM taxol, implicating that wild-type p53 does not modulate the level of taxol-induced apoptosis. When we examined the role of the wild-type p53 in isogenic cell lines developed in a H 1299 background, the maximum level of apoptosis was in the range of 28-34% at a drug concentration around 0.03 microM, not significantly different from that observed in parental H 1299 cells. We conclude that taxol is effective in inducing apoptosis at very low doses (0.020-0.035 microM), and that the presence or absence of the wild-type p53 does not make a statistically significant difference in the level of apoptotic cell death in these lung cancer cell lines, but the maximum is attained at a lower drug concentration in the presence of p53.
1010-65 Predicting Adverse Outcome in a Mixed Population with Exercise SPECT Sestamibi (MIBI) Scans

There is widespread use of MIBI for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) because of favorable imaging characteristics including better tissue penetration and less attenuation with obesity or breast tissue. There is little data available on the utility of exercise SPECT MIBI in predicting long-term outcome. We sought to determine our ability at predicting adverse events in a typical population with comparable distribution of males and females. In 1992, 255 consecutive patients (126 female) had exercise SPECT MIBI scans for evaluation of chest pain syndrome, CAD, or myocardial infarction (MI). Acquisition of perfusion images was accomplished with a single head Sophy DS7 camera using 32 projections over a 180 degree body contour orbit at 25 seconds/step, and energy window peaked at 140 keV (20% symmetry). A low energy all purpose collimator was used and processing was performed on a Sophy computer. Clinical readings were reviewed and scored by independent observers as normal (NL), or abnormal (AB). Follow-up was performed by written questionnaire, telephone interview, and review of clinic charts. The events, non-fatal MI and cardiac death, were corroborated by chart review or physician contact when possible. Patients (pts) were excluded from analysis if they had revascularization within 1 month of imaging. The follow-up Interval was defined as time from scanning until an event, late revascularization, or patient response. Follow-up averaged 18 months and was ≈92% complete with no significant difference in response rate or time noted between gender or scan score. In total, there were 172 NL scans (i.e. 67%), and 83 AB scans (33%). Of the 255 pts, 2/172 NL, and 6/83 AB had clinical events. Statistical analysis using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve suggests a significant difference in event free survival between NL and AB scans with AB scans portending worse outcome (t = 8.0484, Chi square p l 0.005). Conclusion exercise SPECT MIBI scans do predict adverse outcome in a typical referral population with a high prevalence of women.
Aerobic Fitness is Associated with Gray Matter Volume and White Matter Integrity in Multiple Sclerosis

Alterations in gray and white matter have been well documented in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Severity and extent of such brain tissue damage have been associated with cognitive impairment, disease duration and neurological disability, making quantitative indices of tissue damage important markers of disease progression. In this study, we investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and measures of gray matter atrophy and white matter integrity. Employing voxel-based approaches to analysis of gray matter and white matter, we specifically examined whether higher levels of fitness in multiple sclerosis participants were associated with preserved gray matter volume and integrity of white matter. We found a positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and regional gray matter volumes and higher focal fractional anisotropy values. Statistical mapping revealed that higher levels of fitness were associated with greater gray matter volume in the midline cortical structures including the medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus. Further, we also found that increasing levels of fitness were associated with higher fractional anisotropy in the left thalamic radiation and right anterior corona radiata. Both preserved gray matter volume and white matter tract integrity were associated with better performance on measures of processing speed. Taken together, these results suggest that fitness exerts a prophylactic influence on the structural decline observed early on, preserving neuronal integrity in multiple sclerosis, thereby reducing long-term disability.
'Waking activity': the neglected state of infancy.

The significance of the waking activity state was investigated using naturalistic observations of 20 infants at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age. Sleep and wake states were recorded at 10-s intervals throughout a 7-h day, along with co-occurring behaviors of the mother. The infant's behavioral state was classified as 'waking activity' when the eyes were open but unfocused, and there was diffuse motor activity. Thus the infant was not alert, drowsy, dazed, or crying. Infants showed individual consistency in amount of waking activity over weeks, although this state composed only 4.4% of the total observation. The mean amount of waking activity over weeks was related to an index of stability in state organization, as measured by the consistency of state profiles over weeks. Profile consistency was assessed by an ANOVA for each infant's data. Separate stability indexes were derived for that portion of the day when the infants were alone, and for that portion when they were with their mothers. Infants with higher levels of waking activity had lower state stability scores in each context. The results indicate that waking activity is a behavioral state which reflects overall state control and is therefore significant for an understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
Consolidation rates for two interacting systems in the plane

This paper is a sequel of a paper of Cox and Griffeath “diffusive clustering in the two dimensional voter model”. We continue our study of the voter model and coalescing random walks on the two dimensional integer lattice. Some exact asymptotics concerning the rate of clustering in the former process and the coalescence rate of the latter are derived. We use these results to prove a limit law, announced in that earlier paper, concerning the size of the largest square centered at the origin which is of solid color at a large time t.
Managing White Mold of Potatoes in a Rainfed Environment

The goal of this research was to evaluate the management techniques of cultivar selection, fungicide application number, fungicide spray timing, and nitrogen rate management. Cultivars of Superior, Shepody, and Russet Burbank were observed to differ in disease severity and yield. White mold was observed to be a yield limiting factor for Superior with r2 values of 0.65 and 0.66 for the relationship between white mold severity and total and marketable yield, respectively. In contrast, Russet Burbank and Shepody had only 2 % to 4 % of yield variation explained by white mold severity. Superior showed significant yield responses to two boscalid applications as opposed to one or zero, and was the only cultivar to show a response to fungicide application number. Analysis of fungicide application timing showed discrepancies between responses of severity (quadratic effect) and yields (linear effect). Lowest severity was modeled to be at applications made at peak flowering, while highest yields were modeled to be at applications made prior to. Nitrogen rates were observed to affect white mold incidence whereby disease counts were elevated at nitrogen application rates below 134 kg/ha as compared to application rates in excess of 134 kg/ha.
MBTI personality type and other factors that relate to preference for online versus face-to-face instruction

Abstract Online college classes are being offered at a rate that far exceeds the growth of overall higher education classes. However, much can still be learned about how to create a better online classroom environment by determining why a large percentage of students continue to prefer face-to-face classes. One factor among many that may have an influence on preference is personality since it relates to learning style and comfort level. A poor fit in learning style or a low comfort level can lead to student dissatisfaction and attrition. The current study gave 166 mostly female college students, two-thirds of whom were taking or had taken four or more online classes, the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and a Likert-type questionnaire asking why they preferred one teaching modality delivery over the other. Results revealed that a statistically significant majority of Introverts preferred online classes and Extraverts face-to-face classes. A trend with a small effect size toward Perceiving types preferring face-to-face classes was also found. Overall, students who preferred online classes indicated their rank ordered preference was because of convenience, the enjoyment of computer technology, and a desire for innovation whereas those who preferred face-to-face classes reported they were influenced by the class structure appealing to their need to learn through listening and by their desire to better gauge the emotional reactions of others in the class. Implications for design of online classes to appeal to students who prefer face-to-face learning environments and for academic counseling and advising are discussed.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Otitis Media: Evaluating the Evidence

Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common illnesses for which children in the United States receive an antimicrobial agent. Of the six recommendations offered in recent guidelines for treatment of AOM, only one, the assessment and treatment of pain with analgesics, is based on strong evidence. This article reviews the diagnosis of AOM and the accuracy of various signs and symptoms in indicating a bacterial origin, the data on the effect of antimicrobial agents compared with placebo in the treatment of AOM, and the gaps in knowledge that should be addressed by future research and clinical trials.
Synthesis and revision of groups within the Newark Supergroup, eastern North America

The Newark Supergroup currently includes nine stratigraphic groups, each of which applies to part or all of the rock column of only one or a few basins. Because the group nomenclature within the Newark Supergroup is neither inclusive nor parallel in its concepts, nearly half of the strata within the Newark Supergroup lacks any group placement. A new system is proposed herein that (1) establishes unambiguous group boundaries, (2) places all Newark Supergroup strata into groups, (3) reduces the number of group names from nine to three, (4) creates parallelism between groups and three major successive tectonic events that created the rift basins containing the Newark Supergroup, and (5) coincidentally provides isochronous or nearly isochronous group boundaries. These proposed groups are (1) the Chatham Group (Middle Triassic to basal Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks), (2) the Meriden Group (Lower Jurassic extrusive volcanic and sedimentary rocks), and (3) the Agawam Group (new name) (Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks above all early Mesozoic igneous intrusive and extrusive rocks). This new rock classification system makes use of the fact that a discrete interval of synchronous or nearly synchronous volcanism and plutonism occurred throughout the early Mesozoic rift system of eastern North America. The presence or absence of volcanic rocks provides a powerful stratigraphic tool for establishing regional groups and group boundaries. The presence of sedimentary rocks injected by diabase dikes and sills, in the absence of extrusive volcanic rocks, places Newark Supergroup rocks in the Chatham Group. The presence of extrusive volcanic rocks, interbedded with sedimentary rocks injected by diabase dikes and sills, places Newark Supergroup rocks in the Meriden Group. The presence of sedimentary rocks lacking both extrusive volcanic rocks and diabase dikes and sills, places Newark Supergroup rocks in the Agawam Group. Application of this new regional group stratigraphy to the early Mesozoic rift basins requires revision of the stratigraphy of several basins to make formation boundaries match group boundaries.
Characterization of gold-palladium-silver and palladium-silver for ceramic-metal restorations

Abstract Properties, compositions, microstructures, and heat-treatment characteristics of three high-fusing white ceramic-metal alloys were studied. The materials displayed different compositions and as-cast microstructures, but similar tensile properties and heat-treatment responses. Hardness of cast specimens subjected to the porcelain firing cycle was increased by an additional 20 minute heat treatment at 1,300 °F.
The conversion of bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione to bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-ene-3,7-dione. Symmetry as a complicating factor in synthetic analysis.☆

Abstract Both acid-catalyzed ketalization and base-mediated enolization of bicyclo[3.3.0] octane-3,7-dione tend to give statistical mixtures of products, which is a complicating factor in attempts to use this compound as a starting material for some targets.
A Physical Comparison Of A Fluoroscopic Cat System And The Emi Head Scanner

A quantitative comparison of the capabilities to produce computerized tomograms was made between the EMI head scanner and reconstructions from images provided by a large screen low light level -TV camera fluoroscopic system. A phantom made from lucite containing rods of various materials and sizes was used. The computer printout of each was analyzed and a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98) was noted between the results of both systems. The differential attenuation detectability of the fluoroscopic system was found to be comparable to or better than the EMI unit. As expected from a consideration of the quantum statistics for each system, the noise in the obtained reconstructions was also comparable. It is concluded that such a fluoroscopic system performs favorably when compared to the presently available commercial systems.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interaction of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) elastase with human IgM. Production of a factor enhancing PMN migration in vitro.

Digestion in vitro of human monoclonal 1gM by human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) elastase produces small peptides in addition to larger fragments. These small peptides were shown to enhance PMN locomotion in vitro, as tested by the migration-under-agarose assay. The small peptides from elastase degradation of the Fc5u portion of the IgM. nolecule also increase PMN migration in vitro. The migration-enhancing factor is stable at 60°C for 20 minutes but is inactivated by boiling for :0 minutes, and has a molecular weight which falls between 1,000 and 10,000 daltons.
MMIC Package Characterization with Active Loads

A technique for characterizing microwave packages based on active PIN diode standards is discussed. The technique allows packages to be accurately characterized from external reflection coefficient measurements when a single bias-dependent active standard is embedded within it. The frequency characteristics, stability, and linearity of active PIN diode standards are investigated.
Competition and Innovation in U.S. Futures Markets

This article employs data on current volume and contracts approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to document the history of approvals, launches, and successes of all contracts in U.S. futures and futures options markets. Approximately 59 percent of futures contracts and 73 percent of options that have been launched, no longer trade. Futures contracts on financial instruments have been the most successful futures, while options on financial futures have been the least successful options. For exchanges with at least 20 launches, the most successful in launching futures has been the New York Cotton Exchange, while the most successful in launching options has been the New York Mercantile Exchange. The article examines 13 cases in which competing products were launched nearly simultaneously and finds no clear-cut winner in head-to-head competition. In the majority of cases, both contracts failed.
Growth characteristics and total N content of a Leucaena/sorghum agroforestry system.

The growth characteristics and total N content of the woody legume Leucaena leucocephala and the companion crop Sorghum bicolor grown in the greenhouse with N-limiting (NH4+ concentration = 447 mM) nutrient medium in sole and mixed cropping were examined. Plant height, dry weight, and total N content increased significantly in sorghum grown intercropped with nodulated Leucaena over the control, sole sorghum. Evidence is presented to indicate that in mixed culture, sorghum gains an average of 0.03 mg N day−1 plant−1 relative to sole-cropped sorghum in N-limiting sand culture. The gain in N content of intercropped sorghum, however, represented less than 1% of the N budget of N-fixing Leucaena and was inadequate to sustain normal physiological development of sorghum.
Properties of the hydrogenase of scenedesmus

1. 1. The adaptation of hydrogenase (EC 1.98.1.1) in Scenedesnus obliquus was inhibited by dithionite, sulfite, arsenite, marphaside, BAL, 2,2′-dipyridyl, and 1,10-phenanthroline. None of these inhibitors had any effect on the active hydrogenase after adaptation. 2. 2. The active hydrogenase of Scenedesmus was inhibited by silver, mercury, and cupric ions, p-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide. The silver and mercury inhibition could be reversed by BAL. 3. 3. The hydrogenase of Proteus vulgaris was not affected by the inhibitors of the adaptation process but was inhibited by those reagents which inhibited the active hydrogenase of Scenedesmus.
Chain Length of Leuconostoc citrovorum Modified by Dilution and Shaking Procedures of the Plate Count

Abstract Strains of Leuconostoc citrovorum producing long (CAF-B; Da3) and short (9; 14) chains were grown in sterile skimmilk for 18 hr at 22 and 30C, then shaken before and after dilution in buffered distilled water with and without glass beads. Stained preparations were examined microscopically to enumerate cells in chains of L. citrovorum . In milk cultures: a) Chains of CAF-B grown at 22 instead of 30C resisted breakup most; the reverse was true of Da3, b) breakup of chains of Strains 9 and 14 was unrelated to incubation temperature, c) shaking three strains 50 or more times yielded chains most of which contained four or less cells, and d) chains of Strains 9 and 14 broke up most readily. Chains of some strains, when added to diluent, partially broke up before shaking. Additional shaking (50 or more times) yielded a preponderance of chains, each with four or less cells. Similar results were obtained when milk cultures were shaken, transferred to diluent, and shaken again. Glass beads failed to markedly enhance breakup of chains. Leuconostoc citrovorum always grew to form chains with even numbers of cells. When these chains broke up, they most commonly yielded two-, four-, or six-cell fragments.
Phytochemistry of Acacia—sensu lato

Abstract Little is known about the chemistry of most species of the genus Acacia, although the genus is quite large and widespread in the warm subarid and arid portions of the world. As presently defined, Acacia is a cosmopolitan genus containing in excess of 1350 species. Taxonomic relationships and identification of Acacia species are difficult; new studies of the genus confirm that Acacia is an agglomeration of at least five discrete groups. The major elements of this ‘genus’ are the groups now recognized as the subgenus Acacia, the genus Faidherbia, the subgenus ‘Aculeiferum’, relatives of Acacia coulteri, Bentham’s series Filicinae, the subgenus Phyllodineae, and possibly others, each with somewhat distinct chemistry. A number of secondary metabolites have been reported from various Acacia species including amines and alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, cyclitols, fatty acids and seed oils, fluoroacetate, gums, non-protein amino acids, terpenes (including essential oils, diterpenes, phytosterol and triterpene genins and saponins), hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The most evident and best known are polysaccharides (gums) and complex phenolic substances (condensed tannins).
Effects of small, intense laser spots on thin films

Two‐dimensional hydrodynamic simulations show that small diameter laser spots burn through flat foils considerably faster than larger spots. The physical mechanisms are (1) more nearly spherical divergence from the smaller spots which allows the debris to rapidly convect radially away from the small volume of laser heated plasma and (2) a variation on thermal self‐focusing in which light is refracted into this volume, increasing the local heating rate.
SENSITIVITY OF HemA MUTANT Escherichia coli CELLS TO INACTIVATION BY NEAR‐UV LIGHT DEPENDS ON THE LEVEL OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH δ‐AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

— Four strains carrying all four possible combinations of the alleles nur, nur+, uvr A6 and uvr A+ were transduced to hemA8. The hemA8 mutation blocks the synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA), one of the first steps in the synthesis of porphyrin and, ultimately, cytochromes essential for aerobic respiration. The cells were grown either with or without δ-ALA and treated with broad-spectrum near-ultraviolet light (NUV; 300–400 nm). hemA8 defective cells grown without δ-ALA were resistant to inactivation by NUV while hemA8 cells were sensitive to such inactivation when supplemented with δ-ALA. The sensitivity to NUV inactivation conferred by the nur gene was retained in the hemA8 derivatives. The sensitivity of such cells to NUV inactivation can be controlled by varying the level of δ-ALA supplementation. The level of δ-ALA supplementation did not influence the sensitivity of the cells to inactivation by far-UV light (FUV; 200–300 nm). The near-UV sensitivity of hemA+ cells was not significantly altered when grown with δ-ALA suppiementation suggesting that endogenously formed δ-ALA supports the normal, regulated level of porphyrin synthesis. These results can be interpreted to mean that porphyrin components of the respiratory chain in E. coli represent chromophores involved specifically in broad-spectrum NUV inactivating events.
Does gender have an impact on the sonographic detection of second-trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome?

The biometric and structural sonographic features of 95 second-trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome were evaluated to determine whether affected male fetuses differed from affected females. There were 54 male and 41 female fetuses with Down's syndrome studied. A shortened femur was identified in 28/54 (52%) males compared with 19/41 (46%) affected females (NS). A thickened nuchal fold was identified in 19/54 (35%) of males vs. 20/41 (49%) of females. Renal pyelectasis was seen in 7/54 (13%) males and 8/41 (19%) females. A heart defect was seen in 8/54 (15%) males and 7/41 (17%) females. Ventriculomegaly was identified in 6/54 (11%) males and 3/41 (7%) females with Down's syndrome. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of the sonographic findings when male and female Down's fetuses were compared. Our data show that the criteria for evaluation of sonographic markers for the identification of second-trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome should be the same in male and female fetuses. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Tensile strength of cadaveric fascia lata compared to small intestinal submucosa using suture pull through analysis.

Purpose: The modified pubovaginal sling has become popular as first line treatment for stress urinary incontinence. With the increasing use of cadaveric fascia as a sling material, widespread shortages are prevalent, hence limiting its availability. The increased morbidity with the use of synthetic sling materials and autologous fascia has stimulated investigation of other sling materials. We evaluated the tensile strength of 4 suture types, and compared tensile strength of cadaveric fascia lata to porcine small intestinal submucosa using suture pull through analysis to assess their efficacy and durability for use in anti-incontinence procedures.Materials and Methods: Suture breaking load was determined using 2 and 1-zero polypropylene suture, and 2 and 1-zero polyglactin suture. Freeze dried gamma irradiated human fascia lata and freeze-dried small intestinal submucosa were evaluated. Suture was fixed to sling material using the cross fold technique. Mean suture breakage and suture pull through were dete...
International Conference on Mathematics and Computational Methods Applied to Nuclear Science and Engineering (MC 2011)

The latest in a series of biannual conferences sponsored by the Mathematics and Computation Division of the American Nuclear Society was held May 8–12, 2011 at the Rio Othon Palace Hotel in Rio de ...
Distributed circuit elements in impedance spectroscopy: A unified treatment of conductive and dielectric systems

Abstract Distributed elements have a long-established position in the field of impedance spectroscopy (IS). Presented here is a survey of a number of the more common elements, including the new distribution-of-activation-energies element. A unified treatment of the different IS levels (impedance, admittance, complex modulus, and complex dielectric constant) is proposed, enabling standard distributed elements to be used in the fitting of data taken from either conductive or dielectric materials. Various distributed elements are discussed and their responses are shown graphically and compared to one another in both 2-D complex plane projections and 3-D perspective plots.
Geophysical implications of satellite determinations of the earth's gravitational field.

The variations of the gravitational field have been determined from satellite orbit perturbations with fair reliability up to at least spherical harmonic degree 8. The largest departure from hydrostatic equilibrium by a factor of 2 is the oblateness, which, together with the observed rate of deceleration of the earth's rotation, leads to an estimate of about 1026 poises for the viscosity of the lower mantle. The remaining variations in the field are too large to be associated solely with the crust; their origin must be mainly in the mantle. The positive correlation with topography for degrees l ⩾ 6 and the rate of decrease of the variations (proportionate to l -2 in potential coefficients, or to l -1 in gravity anomaly power spectrum) are such that their source must in part be in the upper mantle, less than 400 km deep. However, the lack of obvious correlation with other indicators of upper-mantle activity such as sea-floor spreading and heat flow suggests that the density variations are the consequence of relatively small imbalances between dynamic disturbing effects and compensating restorative effects. At least part of the variations, particularly for degrees l⩽ 5, probably have their source in the stiff lower mantle.
The Passenger Paul Virilio and Feminism

This article argues that, at first, there appears to be little space for feminism in Virilio's general critique of the loss of physical and mental territories under the impact of technologies and teletechnologies. Allusions to women are mainly taken up in general arguments about progressive immobilization of humans. One exception, however, is a recurring passage of woman as carrier of man. This scene makes of woman a privileged mediator between immanence and movement and, through the introduction of Eros, even between physical, grounded space and ungrounded mobility.
A Comparative Analysis of Bone Formation Induced by Human Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone and Enamel Matrix Derivative in Rat Calvaria Critical‐Size Bone Defects

Background: Human demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) have been used with varying success for the treatment of bone and periodontal defects. The purpose of this study was to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the bone formation induced by DFDBA and EMD to that of a positive control, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), in the 8-mm rat calvaria critical-size bone defect. Methods: Five groups of five rats each were used. The two test groups were DFDBA and EMD. A negative control consisted of a defect without any biomaterial implanted, a positive control consisted of a defect filled with collagen carrying rhBMP-2, and a non-surgical control consisted of the intact rat calvaria. Eight weeks after implantation of the biomaterials, histologic analysis was used for qualitative assessments and microcomputed tomography was used for quantitative assessments of bone formation. Statistical evaluation was performed by analysis of variance followed by the Fisher's least significant difference multiple-comparison test. Results: In the negative control and EMD groups, the histologic analysis showed no bone formation within the center of the defect and limited bone repair at its margins. In the DFDBA group, granules of DFDBA were still present 8 weeks after implantation, and a limited degree of osteoinduction was seen at the center of the defect. The microcomputed tomography quantitative analysis showed a limited capacity of DFDBA and EMD to induce bone formation, and no statistically significant difference was detected among DFDBA, EMD, and the negative control. On the contrary, the positive control (rhBMP-2) consistently showed regeneration of bone throughout the critical-size defects. Conclusion: Unlike rhBMP-2, DFDBA and EMD had limited ability to induce bone formation in the rat calvaria critical-size bone defect; therefore, they may not be effective as bone-regenerative therapy for critical-size defects.
Providencia sneebia sp. nov. and Providencia burhodogranariea sp. nov., isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster.

Multiple isolates of the genus Providencia were obtained from the haemolymph of wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Sixteen isolates were distinguished from the six previously described species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. These isolates belonged to two distinct groups, which we propose each comprise previously undescribed species. Two isolates, designated A T and B T , were characterized by DNA sequences of the fusA, lepA, leuS, gyrB and ileS housekeeping genes, whole-genome DNA–DNA hybridizations with their nearest relatives and utilization of substrates for metabolism. The closest phylogenetic relatives of strain A T are strain B T (86.9% identity for the housekeeping genes) and Providencia stuartii DSM 4539 T (86.0% identity). The closest phylogenetic relatives of strain B T are strain A T (86.9% identity) and P. stuartii DSM 4539 T (86.6% identity). The type strains of described species in this genus shared between 84.1 and 90.1% identity for these sequences. DNA–DNA hybridization between the strain pairs A T –B T ,A T –P. stuartii DSM 4539 T and B T –P. stuartii DSM 4539 T all resulted in less than 25% relatedness. In addition, patterns of utilization of amygdalin, arbutin, aesculin, salicin, D-sorbitol, trehalose, inositol, D-adonitol and D-galactose distinguish strains A T and B T from other members of this genus. Strains A T and B T therefore represent novel species, for which the names Providencia sneebia sp. nov. (type strain A T 5DSM 19967 T 5ATCC BAA-1589 T ) and Providencia burhodogranariea sp. nov. (type strain B T 5DSM 19968 T 5ATCC BAA-1590 T ) are
NANOPRISM: a tool for evaluating granularity vs. reliability trade-offs in nano architectures

It is expected that nano-scale devices and interconnections will introduce unprecedented level of defects, noise and interferences in the substrates. This consideration motivates the search for new architectural paradigms based on redundancy based defect-tolerant designs. However, redundancy is not always a solution to the reliability problem, and often too much or too little redundancy may cause lack of reliability. The key challenge is in determining the granularity at which defect tolerance is designed, and the level of redundancy to achieve optimal reliability. Various forms of redundancy such as NAND multiplexing, Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), Cascaded Triple Modular Redundancy (CTMR) have been considered in the fault-tolerance literature. Also, redundancy has been applied at different levels of granularity, such as gate level, logic block level, logic function level, unit level etc. The questions we try to answer in this paper is what level of granularity and what redundancy levels result in optimal reliability for specific architectures. In this paper, we extend previous work on evaluating reliability-redundancy trade-offs for NAND multiplexing to granularity vs. redundancy vs. reliability trade-offs for other redundancy mechanisms, and present our automation mechanism using the probabilistic model checking tool PRISM. We illustrate the power of this automation by pointing out certain anomalies of these trade-offs which are counter intuitive and can only be obtained by designers through automation, thereby providing better insight into defect-tolerant design decisions.
Advances in techniques for measurement of parathyroid hormone: Current applications in clinical medicine and directions for future research

Immunometric assays that measure intact parathyroid hormone are replacing traditional radio immunoassays because they provide better discrimination of parathyroid gland function in classic disorders of calcium homeostasis, although radio immunoassays and bioassays continue to have roles in some clinical and research situations. The sensitivity and high precision of Immunometric assays will enable definition of parathyroid hormone's role in chronic and subtle disturbances of calcium and bone homeostasis, such as bone loss and calcium stone disease, in addition to assisting the clinician in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic disorders.
MINDING THE COMPETITION: FROM MAPPING TO MASTERY

Cognitive approaches to strategy have examined the subjective nature of business environments and competitive situations, but have failed to show how managerial mental models lead to superior economic performance. In contrast, resource-based views of strategy acknowledge the importance of managerial skills in creating economic rents, but have not examined the processes through which managerial cognitions lead to sustained competitive advantage. To address this deficit, this article develops a sociocognitive capability approach that integrates cognitive and economic theories. This approach: (1) identifies sociocognitive foundations of differentiation and cost; (2) examines how these foundations emerge from the process of strategy development; (3) explains how group capabilities influence this process; and (4) shows how human and organizational resources give rise to group capabilities. The article concludes by discussing implications and directions for future research.