cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energetic effects on the stability of viscoelastic Dean flow

Abstract The influence of energetics on the linear stability of viscoelastic Dean flow of an Oldroyd-B liquid has been investigated. Our analyses show that when the temperatures of inner and outer walls are maintained at constant equal values, viscous heating does not influence the mode selection, i.e. the most dangerous disturbance is axisymmetric and stationary as in the case of isothermal Dean flow. The critical Deborah number increases with increasing Brinkman number indicating that viscous heating stabilizes the flow in this case. When the outer cylinder is kept at a higher temperature than the inner one, the most dangerous eigenmode corresponds to a non-axisymmetric disturbance with azimuthal wave number of one. For Pe O(105), a new axisymmetric and time-dependent eigenmode with significantly different critical parameters becomes the most dangerous one. Influence of solvent viscosity and gap width on the critical parameters is also investigated. Finally, the thermoelastic mechanisms that influence the flow stability are discussed.
Hand proximity differentially affects visual working memory for color and orientation in a binding task.

Observers determined whether two sequentially presented arrays of six lines were the same or different. Differences, when present, involved either a swap in the color of two lines or a swap in the orientation of two lines. Thus, accurate change detection required the binding of color and orientation information for each line within visual working memory. Holding viewing distance constant, the proximity of the arrays to the hands was manipulated. Placing the hands near the to-be-remembered array decreased participants’ ability to remember color information, but increased their ability to remember orientation information. This pair of results indicates that hand proximity differentially affects the processing of various types of visual information, a conclusion broadly consistent with functional and anatomical differences in the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways. It further indicates that hand proximity affects the likelihood that various object features will be encoded into integrated object files.
Transmission electron microscopic observations of amorphous NiZr alloy formation by solid‐state reaction

The interdiffusion of nickel and zirconium by a solid‐state reaction to form an amorphous NiZr alloy has been followed by transmission electron microscopy. Cross‐sectional examination of NiZr bilayers annealed at 300 °C has shown the formation of amorphous NiZr and the development of large voids in the nickel neighboring the Ni/NiZr interface. Our results indicate that nickel is the dominant diffusing species in the amorphous alloy and that the diffusion requires a defect mechanism. Prolonged annealing at 300 °C results in the formation of a crystalline NiZr phase, which co‐exists with the amorphous alloy.
Moral Judgement and Moral Motivation

I criticize an important argument of Michael Smith, from his recent book The Moral Problem (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994). Smith's argument, if sound, would undermine one form of moral externalism – that which insists that moral judgements only contingently motivate their authors. Smith claims that externalists must view good agents as always prompted by the motive of duty, and that possession of such a motive impugns the goodness of the agent. I argue (i) that externalists do not (ordinarily) need to assign moral agents such as a motive, and (ii) that possession of this motive, when properly understood, is morally admirable.
Dissolution testing of a metallic waste form in chloride brine

Argonne National Laboratory has developed an electrometallurgical process for conditioning spent sodium-bonded metallic reactor fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II). One waste stream from this process consists of a metal waste form (MWF) whose baseline composition is stainless steel alloyed with 15 wt% Zr (SS-15Zr) and whose microstructure is a eutectic intergrowth of iron solid solutions and Fe-Zr-Cr-Ni intermetallics. This paper reports scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of corrosion products formed during static immersion tests in which coupons of surrogate MWF containing 10 wt% U (SS-15Zr-10U) were immersed in solutions with nominal pH values of 3 and 4 and 1000 ppm added chloride for 70 days at 50 °C. Although the majority of the surface areas of the coupons appear unchanged, linear areas with localized corrosion products apparently consisting of porous materials overlying corrosion-product-filled channels formed on both coupons, cross-cutting phase boundaries in the original eutectic microstructures. Many of the linear areas intersected the sample edge at notches present before the tests or followed linear flaws visible in pre-test images. Compositions of corrosion products differed significantly from the bulk composition, and the maximum observed concentration of U exceeded that reported in actinide-bearing phases in uncorroded surrogate MWF samples with comparable concentrations of U.
Electricity Resource Adequacy: Matching Policies and Goals

Policies designed to ensure resource adequacy in electricity markets have been rooted in a disparate set of policy goals. Differences over the appropriate goals and focus of such policies have produced different views about what the appropriate means are for achieving these goals. This article explores the motivations for resource adequacy policies and discusses how different RA policies address, or conflict, with these goals.
Putting the Pieces Back Together: A Group Intervention for Sexually Exploited Adolescent Girls

Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is an emerging problem affecting adolescents, families, and communities throughout the United States. Despite a growing awareness of the problem, information regarding treatment is limited. This paper describes a pilot group intervention created for use with DMST victims, focusing specifically on areas that were critical to the development and life of the group: 1) providing education about DMST, 2) reducing shame and addressing stigma, 3) mutual aid, and 4) managing strong emotions through the development of new coping skills. Process examples are given to illustrate this pilot intervention, and recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
Interchain heterogeneity in 2-hydroxyethylglutamine-l-valine random copolymers

Solid state circular dichroism (c.d.) and infrared (i.r.) studies of water soluble and insoluble fractions of poly(hydroxyethylglutamine-valine) random copolymers, prepared from parent γ-benzyl l-glutamate valine copolymers, show that interchain conformational heterogeneity with interchain compositional heterogeneity is present when the respective N-carboxyanhydrides are copolymerized in dioxan or benzene/methylene chloride. Use of previously determined reactivity ratios for the aforementioned copolymer systems permits the determination of the variation of the average copolymer composition, fG, with conversion. The experimentally determined average copolymer composition.fG for the use of the respective reactivity ratios and the copolymer hydroxyethylglutamine, valine are predicted by the use of the respective reactivity ratios and the copolymer composition equation. As the valine content of the copolymer chains in the fractions increases, the expected increase in β-sheet contribution is seen. Comparison of the experimentally determined solid state c.d. spectra with Greenfield and Fasman's computer generated c.d. spectra for varying amounts of α-helix, β-sheet and random structures, shows that the water insoluble fractions with their increased valine contents have a greater contribution of β-sheet structure than the respective soluble fractions.
Preschool motor skills following physical and occupational therapy services among non-disabled very low birth weight children

Children born very low birth weight (VLBW) are at an increased risk of delayed development of motor skills. Physical and occupational therapy services may reduce this risk. Among VLBW children, we evaluated whether receipt of physical or occupational therapy services between 9 months and 2 years of age is associated with improved preschool age motor ability. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort we estimated the association between receipt of therapy and the following preschool motor milestones: skipping eight consecutive steps, hopping five times, standing on one leg for 10 seconds, walking backwards six steps on a line, and jumping distance. We used propensity score methods to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between children who did and did not receive physical or occupational therapy, since children receiving therapy may be at higher risk of impairment. We applied propensity score weights and modeled the estimated effect of therapy on the distance that the child jumped using linear regression. We modeled all other end points using logistic regression. Treated VLBW children were 1.70 times as likely to skip eight steps (RR 1.70, 95 % CI 0.84, 3.44) compared to the untreated group and 30 % more likely to walk six steps backwards (RR 1.30, 95 % CI 0.63, 2.71), although these differences were not statistically significant. We found little effect of therapy on other endpoints. Providing therapy to VLBW children during early childhood may improve select preschool motor skills involving complex motor planning.
An input-output analysis of the dorsal column nuclei

The input-output (IO) relation of a nucleus is defined here as the total spike activity leaving the nucleus as a function of the total activity entering the nucleus measured over an appropriate time interval. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the shape of this function. Parallel studies were conducted on chloralose-anesthetized cats to provide IO functions based on both evoked potential and single cell measures of output. Two sets of bipolar electrodes applied to the superficial radial nerve were used to stimulate and record input activity of various intensities. A bipolar electrode placed in the contralateral medial lemniscus provided evoked potential measures of output in one series of experiments. Glass micropipet electrodes placed in the cuneate nucleus provided single cell measures of output in the other series. We found good agreement between the average IO curves generated from the evoked potential and pooled single cell measurements. The single cell measurements showed further that the steep rise in the normalized IO relationship is due primarily to the recruitment of additional output cells by the increasing input. The saturation of output, which appears at 50 to 60% of the maximum input magnitude, reflects a limiting of both the number of cells active and the number of impulses evoked per active cell. The input-output relationships are well described by the function y = 1 − e−kx, derived from a simple saturation model of the nucleus. This model and our experimental data are consistent with the concept that single afferent fibers are capable of activating several output cells and, conversely, that each output cell receives input from several such afferent fibers.
Acriflavin Inhibition of Morphogenesis in Naegleria gruberi

SYNOPSIS. When amoeboid organisms of Naegleria gruberi are treated with acriflavin at concentrations under 70 μg/ml, they still can form flagellates. Acriflavin between 70 μg/ml and 110 μg/ml increasingly inhibits morphogenesis. The effect of acriflavin is specific for the morphogenetic system since amoeboid organisms treated with acriflavin between 110 and 200 μg/ml are not otherwise inhibited and behave like the controls.
Nonfinancial Performance Measures and Physician Compensation

ABSTRACT: The Evans et al. (2010; hereafter EKNP) study maps rich survey data into plausible proxies for an array of conceptual variables of interest. It documents novel empirical evidence of determinants of the use of contractible performance measures and demonstrates the importance of nonfinancial performance measures (NPMs) in compensating physicians. The study also highlights the importance to future NPM researchers of a clear definition of NPMs and the application of that definition consistently throughout a given study. In addition, it is conceivable that the variables the EKNP study uses as moderators of the pay-for-performance relation might also moderate pay-for-complexity and pay-for-size relations. Finally, a further path forward from the study’s context is that physician attributes, which can be measured in creative ways, likely affect physician compensation.
Serum glycine is associated with regional body fat and insulin resistance in functionally-limited older adults.

Background Metabolic profiling may provide insight into biologic mechanisms related to age-related increases in regional adiposity and insulin resistance. Objectives The objectives of the current study were to characterize the association between mid-thigh intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue (IMAT, SCAT, respectively) and, abdominal adiposity with the serum metabolite profile, to identify significant metabolites as further associated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and, to develop a HOMA-IR associated metabolite predictor set representative of regional adiposity, in 73 functionally-limited (short physical performance battery ≤10; SPPB) older adults (age range, 70–85 y). Methods Fasting levels of 181 total metabolites, including amino acids, fatty acids and acylcarnitines were measured with use of an untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used in all analyses. Results Thirty-two, seven and one metabolite(s) were found to be associated with IMAT, abdominal adiposity and, SCAT, respectively, including the amino acid glycine, which was positively associated with SCAT and, negatively associated with both IMAT and abdominal adiposity. Glycine and four metabolites found to be significantly associated with regional adiposity were additionally associated with HOMA-IR. Separate stepwise regression models identified glycine as a HOMA-IR associated marker of both IMAT (model R2 = 0.51, p<0.0001) and abdominal adiposity (model R2 = 0.41, p<0.0001). Conclusion Our findings for a positive association between glycine with SCAT but, a negative association between glycine with IMAT and abdominal adiposity supports the hypothesis that SCAT metabolic processes are different from that found in other fat depots. In addition, because of the significant associations found between glycine with HOMA-IR, IMAT, SCAT and abdominal adiposity, our results suggest glycine as a serum biomarker of both insulin sensitivity and regional fat mass in functionally-limited older adults.
Contribution of fasting hyperinsulinemia to prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease status in 293 hyperlipidemic patients.

Abstract In a cross-sectional study of 293 nondiabetic patients (169 men and 124 women) referred for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperlipidemia, our specific aim was to determine whether fasting serum insulin independently contributes to the prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) status. Of the 169 men and 124 women, 65 (38%) and 44 (35%), respectively, had ASCVD with at least one of the following: unstable angina, myocardial infarction (MI), angioplasty, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), cluadication, transient ischemic attack, or ischemic stroke. In addition, 42% and 38% had fasting hyperinsulinemia (≥20 μU/mL). Fasting serum insulin of 20 μU/mL or higher was very in women (59% to 100%) and men (67% to 88%) when hypertension, obesity, top-decile triglyceride (TG), and bottom-decile high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were concurrent in various combinations. ASCVD events (present or absent) were dependent variables in a stepwise logistic regression model with explanatory variables including age, gender, race, hypertension, cigarette smoking, ASCVD in first-degree relatives at age 55 years or less, Quetelet Index, fasting serum insulin, a gender × insulin interaction term, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLAs) IgG and IgM, total cholesterol to HDLC ratio. TG, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and homocysteine. The risk odds ratio for ASCVD (109 events and 184 nonevents) for subjects with top-decile insulin (v the bottom nine deciles was 3.71 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.62 to 8.9 (P = .002). For patients with MI and/or CABG and/or angioplasty ([MCA] 63 events and 184 nonevents), the risk odds ratio for top-decile insulin versus the rest was 5.07 (95% CI, 1.83 to 14.8, P = .002). For patients with MCA at age 55 or less, the gender × insulin interaction term was significant (P = .0004); the risk odds ratio for men with top-decile insulin was 13.28 (95% CI, 3.82 to 51.65, P = .0001). Hyperinsulinemia is very common in nondiabetic hyperlidemic women and men. Fasting serum insulin, a crude, simple, practical, and inexpensive measure, independently and uniformly improved the prediction of ASCVD status beyond traditional risk factors and lipid variables in patients referred for treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Catch-Disperse-Release Readout for Superconducting Qubits

We analyze a single-shot readout for superconducting qubits via the controlled catch, dispersion, and release of a microwave field. A tunable coupler is used to decouple the microwave resonator from the transmission line during the dispersive qubit-resonator interaction, thus circumventing damping from the Purcell effect. We show that, if the qubit frequency tuning is sufficiently adiabatic, a fast high-fidelity qubit readout is possible, even in the strongly nonlinear dispersive regime. Interestingly, the JaynesCummings nonlinearity leads to the quadrature squeezing of the resonator field below the standard quantum limit, resulting in a significant decrease of the measurement error.
Can Wear Explain the Histological Variation Around Metal-on-metal Total Hips?

Background There is a general perception that adverse local tissue reactions in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties are caused by wear, but the degree to which this is the case remains controversial.
Whole mount in situ hybridization of E8.5 To E11.5 mouse embryos

Whole mount in situ hybridization is a very informative approach for defining gene expression patterns in embryos. The in situ hybridization procedures are lengthy and technically demanding with multiple important steps that collectively contribute to the quality of the final result. This protocol describes in detail several key quality control steps for optimizing probe labeling and performance. Overall, our protocol provides a detailed description of the critical steps necessary to reproducibly obtain high quality results. First, we describe the generation of digoxygenin (DIG) labeled RNA probes via in vitro transcription of DNA templates generated by PCR. We describe three critical quality control assays to determine the amount, integrity and specific activity of the DIG-labeled probes. These steps are important for generating a probe of sufficient sensitivity to detect endogenous mRNAs in a whole mouse embryo. In addition, we describe methods for the fixation and storage of E8.5-E11.5 day old mouse embryos for in situ hybridization. Then, we describe detailed methods for limited proteinase K digestion of the rehydrated embryos followed by the details of the hybridization conditions, post-hybridization washes and RNase treatment to remove non-specific probe hybridization. An AP-conjugated antibody is used to visualize the labeled probe and reveal the expression pattern of the endogenous transcript. Representative results are shown from successful experiments and typical suboptimal experiments.
The generation of transverse radial shear waves at a boundary between the domains of plasticity and elasticity

Abstract Described are the results of experiments designed to study the reflection of dispersive plastic waves in finite strain at a linear elastic boundary. Three interface conditions at the boundary are considered: glued, Coulomb friction, and lubricated. The observed large differences in response for this variation of radial constraint at the interface have led to the conclusion that such differences arise from the presence or absence of a radial shear wave. The radial shear wave, generated by reflection from an interface having a high pressure silicone lubricant, propagates along the axis of a cylinder with axially symmetric radial displacement and strain.
Low-noise propulsion systems for subsonic transports

Design and specifications for low-noise output turbofan engine for long-range subsonic transport aircraft
Does prolonged treatment course adversely affect local control of carcinoma of the larynx

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present local control rates of carcinoma of the larynx in relation to the total treatment course after radical radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: A total of 1350 patients with laryngeal carcinoma treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital for the past three decades were available for analysis. Treatment courses were divided into two groups: 45 days and > 45 days. The local control rates were compared and evaluated for statistical differences. Results: The data indicated that prolonged treatment course adversely affects local tumor control of both advanced glottic and supraglottic lesions, but to a lesser degree for the early tumors. Conclusion: The study indicated that for optimal local control, radiation treatment should be completed as soon as possible, preferably within 6.5 weeks, either by once- or twice-daily accelerated programs. The local control of early T 1 glottic cancer has been exceedingly satisfactory by conventional once-daily radiation therapy. Further improvement by shortening of treatment time for such early lesions will be difficult to assess without a prospective randomized trial.
Scaling characteristics of dislocation link length distributions generated during the creep of crystals

Abstract The distribution of dislocation link lengths comprising the dislocation network generated during the elevated temperature deformation of NaCl and Al monocrystals has been evaluated at several values of the applied stress, σ, and temperature, T, and at various stages of primary creep up to the steady state condition. The properties of the normalized function, Φ(u) = β2ρ−2φ(L, t), where φ(L, t) dL is the number of dislocation links per unit volume of length between L and L + dL at time t, ρ is the dislocation density, u = L 〈L〉 , 〈L〉 is the average link length and β is a constant defined by the relationship 〈L〉 = βρ − 1 2 , are analyzed. Within experimental error Φ(u) is independent of t during the primary creep of NaCl. The same appears to be true for Al, although the greater scatter render this conclusion less convincing. For these two materials Φ(u) has the attributes of a dynamic scaling function. It is tentatively concluded that Φ(u) is at most weakly dependent on σ and T and depends primarily on crystal structure. Specifically, Φ(u) ∝ um as u → 0, with m ~ 1.5 for NaCl and MgO and m ~ 1.33 for Al. Since the data on Al were taken at stresses spanning the Harper-Dorn and power-law creep regimes the results suggest that m is independent of the mode of creep, although it may increase with increasing σ for NaCl. Evidence is presented that β is dependent on the mode of creep. It is smaller (0.75–0.8) for Al deformed in the H-D regime than for materials, including Al, deformed in the power-law regime, where the value of β typically exceeds 0.85 and may also increase with increasing σ. The limiting behavior of Φ(u) is related to the nature of the equation governing the rate of growth g = dL dt , of individual links. In particular, g(L, t) must approach L−m as L → 0. The implications of these observations are discussed.
Geometric Bayesian Inpainting and Applications

Inpainting is an image interpolation problem, with broad applications in image processing and the digital technology. This paper presents our recent efforts in developing inpainting models based on the Bayesian and variational principles. We discuss several geometric image (prior) models, their role in the construction of variational inpainting models, the resulting Euler-Lagrange differential equations, and their numerical implementation.
Electron transport and phonon coupling in K 3 C 60

The temperature dependence of the resistivity of single-crystal ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ below 260 K of Crespi et al. is analyzed utilizing the results of Raman scattering. It is found that coupling to the two lowest intramolecular ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{g}}$ modes gives an excellent fit to the temperature variation of the resistivity with the inclusion of weak lower frequency acoustic or librational scattering. The relative coupling strength of ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{g}}$(1) to ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{g}}$(2) is found to be similar to that estimated from Raman studies of thin films. The weaker low-frequency contribution is found to have a value consistent with neutron-scattering studies.
Ultrasound- Versus Landmark-Guided Femoral Catheterization in the Pediatric Catheterization Laboratory: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Ultrasound (US) is the standard of care for vascular access in many clinical scenarios. Limited data exist regarding the benefits of US- versus landmark (LM)-guided femoral vascular access in the pediatric catheterization laboratory. This study aimed to compare US- and LM-guided vascular access in the pediatric catheterization laboratory. A single operator randomized 95 patients (201 vessels) to undergo either LM- or US-guided vascular access. The primary end point was the access success rate. Number of attempts, inadvertent access, time to sheath placement, and complications also were compared between the two groups. No difference was seen in the overall access success rate: 98 % with US versus 93 % with LM (p = 0.17). The success rate for the targeted vessel was higher with US (89 %) than with LM (67 %) (p = 0.012). US facilitated fewer attempts (1.1 ± 0.4 vs 1.4 ± 0.9; p = 0.048) and improved the first-attempt success rate (87 vs 77 %; p = 0.049). The time to access did not differ significantly between the two groups (US 2:55 ± 4:03 vs LM 3:37 ± 2:54; p = 0.28). No differences in complication rates were noted. The benefits of US were accentuated in the subgroup weighing less than 10 kg. In this study, US access in the pediatric catheterization laboratory did not improve overall success. However, US improved accuracy and reduced the number attempts necessary for access without prolonging the access time of the procedure. Small children realized the greatest benefit of US-guided access.
On a conjecture of Alon

Abstract Text Let f ( n , m ) be the cardinality of largest subset of { 1 , 2 , … , n } which does not contain a subset whose elements sum to m . In this note, we show that f ( n , m ) = ( 1 + o ( 1 ) ) n snd ( m ) for all n ( log n ) 1 + ϵ ⩽ m ⩽ n 2 9 log 2 n , where snd ( m ) is the smallest integer that does not divide m . This proves a conjecture of Alon posed in [N. Alon, Subset sums, J. Number Theory 27 (2) (1987) 196–205]. Video For a video summary of this paper, please visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG-NhNyitoQ .
Platinum-group element abundance and distribution in chromite deposits of the Acoje Block, Zambales Ophiolite Complex, Philippines

Platinum-group elements (PGE) occur in ore-grade concentration in some of the chromite deposits related to the ultramafic section of the Acoje Block of the Zambales Ophiolite Complex. The deposits are of three types: Type 1 - associated with cumulate peridotites at the base of the crust; Type 2 - in dunite pods from the top 1 km of mantle harzburgite; and Type 3 - like Type 2, but in deeper levels of the harzburgite. Most of the deposites have chromite compositions that are high in Cr with Cr/(Cr + Al) (expressed as chromium index, Cr#) > 0.6; high-Al (Cr# Pd, thought to be characteristic of PGE-barren deposits) and positive slope (Ir < Pd, characteristic of PGE-rich deposits). Iridium, Ru and Os commonly occur as micron-size laurite (sulfide) inclusions in unfractured chromite. Laurite and native Os are also found as inclusions in interstitial sulfides. Platinum and Pd occur as alloy inclusions (and possibly as solid solution) in interstitial Ni-Cu sulfides and as tellurobismuthides in serpentine and altered sulfides. Variability of PGE distribution may be explained by alteration, crystal fractionation or partial melting processes. Alteration and metamorphism were ruled out, because PGE contents do not correlate with degree of serpentinization or the abundance and type (hydroxyl versus non-hydroxyl) of silicate inclusions in chromite. Preliminary Os isotopic data do not support crustal contamination as a source of the PGEs in the Acoje deposits. The anomalous PGE concentrations in Type 1 high-Cr chromite deposits are attributed to two stages of enrichment: an early enrichment of their mantle source from previous melting events and a later stage of sulfide segregation accompanying chromite crystallization. High-Al chromite deposits which crystallized from basalts derived from relatively low degrees of melting owe their low PGE content to partitioning of PGEs in sulfides and alloys that remain in the mantle. High-Cr deposits crystallized from melts that were previously enriched with PGEs during early melting events of their mantle source; Pt and Pd ore concentrations (ppm levels) are attained by segregation of magmatic sulfides. The Acoje deposits indicate that ophiolites are a potential economic source of the PGEs.
Comparative Expression Profiling Reveals an Essential Role for Raldh2 in Epimorphic Regeneration

Zebrafish have the remarkable ability to regenerate body parts including the heart and fins by a process referred to as epimorphic regeneration. Recent studies have illustrated that similar to adult zebrafish, early life stage larvae also possess the ability to regenerate the caudal fin. A comparative microarray analysis was used to determine the degree of conservation in gene expression among the regenerating adult caudal fin, adult heart, and larval fin. Results indicate that these tissues respond to amputation/injury with strikingly similar genomic responses. Comparative analysis revealed raldh2, a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of retinoic acid, as one of the most highly induced genes across the three regeneration platforms. In situ localization and functional studies indicate that raldh2 expression is critical for the formation of wound epithelium and blastema. Patterning during regenerative outgrowth was considered to be the primary function of retinoic acid signaling; however, our results suggest that it is also required for early stages of tissue regeneration. Expression of raldh2 is regulated by Wnt and fibroblast growth factor/ERK signaling.
The etiologic role of frontal sinusitis in pediatric orbital abscesses

The current focus on acute ethmoiditis as the usual inciting event leading to orbital infection in children stems from numerous cases in which there has been indisputable clinical and radiologic evidence of concomitant orbital and ethmoid sinus disease.lm5 Frontal sinusitis historically has had a much less important role in the pathogenesis of acute orbital complications in the pediatric age group.2*5*6 Our recent experience assessing the value of computed tomography (CT) in distinguishing orbital abscess from cellulitis in children with paranasal sinus infection identified six children and adolescents in whom the frontal sinus was clearly involved in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory orbital process.7 Preoperative recognition of a possible frontal sinus origin for acute orbital inflammation is critical to the proper surgical management of such patients.
The effect of argon atmospheres on the intensity of certain spectral lines

Abstract The use of argon as an environment for the direct current are results in the enhancement of the lines of many elements when compared with helium and argon-helium mixtures. This is particularly true of the more volatile elements. A number of lines have been studied in this regard and the results have been qualitatively grouped as lines definitely, equivocally , and not at all enhanced. In some instances the use of an argon environment for the direct current are markedly increases the sensitivity of analysis with this source.
Mixed-integer nonlinear optimisation approach to coarse-graining biochemical networks

Quantitative modelling and analysis of biochemical networks is challenging because of the inherent complexities and nonlinearities of the system and the limited availability of parameter values. Even if a mathematical model of the network can be developed, the lack of large-scale good-quality data makes accurate estimation of a large number of parameters impossible. Hence, coarse-grained models (CGMs) consisting of essential biochemical mechanisms are more suitable for computational analysis and for studying important systemic functions. The central question in constructing a CGM is which mechanisms should be deemed ‘essential’ and which can be ignored. Also, how should parameter values be defined when data are sparse? A mixed-integer nonlinear-programming (MINLP) based optimisation approach to coarse-graining is presented. Starting with a detailed biochemical model with associated computational details (reaction network and mathematical description) and data on the biochemical system, the structure and the parameters of a CGM can be determined simultaneously. In this optimisation problem, the authors use a genetic algorithm to simultaneously identify parameter values and remove unimportant reactions. The methodology is exemplified by developing two CGMs for the GTPase-cycle module of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Gq, and regulator of G protein signalling 4 [RGS4, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP)] starting from a detailed model of 48 reactions. Both the CGMs have only 17 reactions, fit experimental data well and predict, as does the detailed model, four limiting signalling regimes (LSRs) corresponding to the extremes of receptor and GAP concentration. The authors demonstrate that coarse-graining, in addition to resulting in a reduced-order model, also provides insights into the mechanisms in the network. The best CGM obtained for the GTPase cycle also contains an unconventional mechanism and its predictions explain an old problem in pharmacology, the biphasic (bell-shaped) response to certain drugs. The MINLP methodology is broadly applicable to larger and complex (dense) biochemical modules.
Tensor Products and Whittaker Vectors for Quantum Groups

We describe the action of the center of the quantum group Uq () on the tensor product V ⊗ L(λ) of an infinite-dimensional representation V having an infinitesimal character χτ and an irreducible finite-dimensional Uq () representation L(λ) of highest weight λ. We apply this result in order to describe the tensor product of a Whittaker module and a finite-dimensional simple module for the algebra Uq(l2).
A Nonaggregating Surfactant Protein C Mutant Is Misdirected to Early Endosomes and Disrupts Phospholipid Recycling

Interstitial lung disease in both children and adults has been linked to mutations in the lung-specific surfactant protein C (SFTPC) gene. Among these, the missense mutation [isoleucine to threonine at codon 73 = human surfactant protein C (hSP-C(I73T) )] accounts for ∼30% of all described SFTPC mutations. We reported previously that unlike the BRICHOS misfolding SFTPC mutants, expression of hSP-C(I73T) induces lung remodeling and alveolar lipoproteinosis without a substantial Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response or ER-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. We show here that, in contrast to its wild-type counterpart that is directly routed to lysosomal-like organelles for processing, SP-C(I73T) is misdirected to the plasma membrane and subsequently internalized to the endocytic pathway via early endosomes, leading to the accumulation of abnormally processed proSP-C isoforms. Functionally, cells expressing hSP-C(I73T) demonstrated both impaired uptake and degradation of surfactant phospholipid, thus providing a molecular mechanism for the observed lipid accumulation in patients expressing hSP-C(I73T) through the disruption of normal phospholipid recycling. Our data provide evidence for a novel cellular mechanism for conformational protein-associated diseases and suggest a paradigm for mistargeted proteins involved in the disruption of the endosomal/lysosomal sorting machinery.
Visions for application development on hybrid computing systems

Hybrid computing systems (incorporating FPGAs, GPUs, etc.) have received considerable attention recently as an approach to significant performance gains in many problem domains. Deploying applications on these systems, however, has proven to be difficult and very labor intensive. In this paper we review the current state of practice for application development on hybrid systems. We also present our vision of the application development languages and tools that we believe would greatly benefit the process of designing, implementing, and deploying applications on hybrid systems.
Synthesis and pharmacokinetic profile of highly deuterated brecanavir analogs.

Abstract Several highly deuterated analogs of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor brecanavir have been prepared to study the effect of deuterium upon metabolic stability. The sites for deuterium incorporation were initially chosen to maximize the potential for a kinetic isotope effect; locations where C–H bond breaking is the rate limiting step. The analogs have been profiled in both in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies and the result will be described herein.
The outcome of medical outcomes assessment: it's not necessarily academic.

The outcomes assessment movement has the potential to significantly enhance the practice of medicine by enabling physicians to identify and implement what works. It represents a rich wellspring of material for investigation and is already proving to be an important source of research support. As suc
Brief Introductory Psychology Textbooks: An Objective Analysis

Given the rising cost of textbooks, the one-term nature of most introductory psychology courses, and the length of “regular“ introductory psychology textbooks, many psychology teachers may be inter...
An investigation of scale effects in family substance abuse treatment programs

This short report investigates scale effects in family substance abuse treatment programs. In Massachusetts, the family substance abuse treatment programs were much more costly than other adult residential treatment models. State officials were concerned that the "scale" or size of these programs (averaging just eight families) was too small to be economical. Although the sample size (just nine programs) was too small to permit reliable inference, the data clearly signalled the importance of "scale effects" in these family substance abuse treatment programs. To further investigate scale effects in family substance abuse treatment programs, data from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment's (CSAT's) Residential Women and Children and Pregnant and Postpartum Women (RWC-PPW) Demonstration were re-analyzed, focusing on the relationship between cost per family-day and the estimated average family census. This analysis indicates strong economies of scale up until an average family census of about 14, and less apparent scale effects beyond that point. In consideration of these and other study findings, a multidisciplinary interagency team redesigned the Massachusetts' family treatment program model. The new programs are larger than the former family treatment programs, with each new program having capacity to treat 11 to 15 families depending on family makeup.
Engineered nanomaterials for water treatment and remediation: Costs, benefits, and applicability

The application of nanotechnology in drinking water treatment and pollution cleanup is promising, as demonstrated by a number of field-based (pilot and full scale) and bench scale studies. A number of reviews exist for these nanotechnology-based applications; but to better illustrate its importance and guide its development, a direct comparison between traditional treatment technologies and emerging approaches using nanotechnology is needed. In this review, the performances of traditional technologies and nanotechnology for water treatment and environmental remediation were compared with the goal of providing an up-to-date reference on the state of treatment techniques for researchers, industry, and policy makers. Pollutants were categorized into broad classes, and the most cost-effective techniques (traditional and nanotechnology-based) in each category reported in the literature were compared. Where information was available, cost and environmental implications of both technologies were also compared. Case studies were also provided where traditional technologies were directly compared with nanotechnology-based technologies for the similar pollutants. Although nanotechnology-based methods are generally believed to be more expensive, we found instances where they offer cheaper and more effective alternatives to conventional techniques. In addition, nano-based techniques may become extremely important in meeting increasingly stringent water quality standards, especially for removal of emerging pollutants and low levels of contaminants. We also discuss challenges facing environmental application of nanotechnology and offer potential solutions.
AN INVADER DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS LEAF PHYSIOLOGY OF TWO NATIVES ACROSS A GRADIENT IN DIVERSITY

Little is known about how exotics influence the ecophysiology of co-occurring native plants or how invader impact on plant physiology may be mediated by community diversity or resource levels. We measured the effect of the widespread invasive forb spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) on leaf traits (leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen percentage, leaf C:N ratios, and delta13C as a proxy for water use efficiency) of two co-occurring native perennial grassland species, Monarda fistulosa (bee balm) and Koeleria macrantha (Junegrass). The impact of spotted knapweed was assessed across plots that varied in functional diversity and that either experienced ambient rainfall or received supplemental water. Impact was determined by comparing leaf traits between identical knapweed-invaded and noninvaded assemblages. Virtually all M. fistulosa leaf traits were affected by spotted knapweed. Knapweed impact, however, did not scale with its abundance; the impact of knapweed on M. fistulosa was similar across heavily invaded low-diversity assemblages and lightly invaded high-diversity assemblages. In uninvaded assemblages, M. fistulosa delta13C, leaf nitrogen, and C:N ratios were unaffected by native functional group richness, whereas leaf dry matter content significantly increased and specific leaf area significantly decreased across the diversity gradient. The effects of spotted knapweed on K. macrantha were weak; instead native functional group richness strongly affected K. macrantha leaf C:N ratio, delta13C, and specific leaf area, but not leaf dry matter content. Leaf traits for both species changed in response to spotted knapweed or functional richness, and in a manner that may promote slower biomass accumulation and efficient conservation of resources. Taken together, our results show that an invader can alter native plant physiology, but that these effects are not a simple function of how many invaders exist in the community.
Structural dynamic system reconstruction method for vibrating structures

To determine the natural frequencies and damping ratios of composite laminated plates, we present an efficient modal parameter estimation technique by developing a residual spectrum based structural dynamic system reconstruction. The modal parameters can be estimated from poles and residues of the system transfer functions derived from the state space system matrices. However, for modal parameter estimation of multivariable and higher order structural systems over broad frequency bands, this noniterative algorithm gives high accuracy in determining the natural frequencies and damping ratios. It is numerically well-behaved unlike iterative frequency-response-function (FRF) cute-fitting methods. We also discuss necessary conditions for convergence in Hankel norm and the error bounds of the approximated transfer function for the IDFT-based reconstruction system. From vibration tests on cross-ply and angle-ply composite laminates, the natural frequencies and damping ratios can be identified from the eigenvalues of the structural dynamic system matrix derived by the reconstruction method from the experimental frequency response functions. These results are compared with those of finite-element analysis and single-degree-of-freedom curve-fitting.
Maple: a coverage-driven testing tool for multithreaded programs

Testing multithreaded programs is a hard problem, because it is challenging to expose those rare interleavings that can trigger a concurrency bug. We propose a new thread interleaving coverage-driven testing tool called Maple that seeks to expose untested thread interleavings as much as possible. It memoizes tested interleavings and actively seeks to expose untested interleavings for a given test input to increase interleaving coverage. We discuss several solutions to realize the above goal. First, we discuss a coverage metric based on a set of interleaving idioms. Second, we discuss an online technique to predict untested interleavings that can potentially be exposed for a given test input. Finally, the predicted untested interleavings are exposed by actively controlling the thread schedule while executing for the test input. We discuss our experiences in using the tool to expose several known and unknown bugs in real-world applications such as Apache and MySQL.
Factors Influencing Dressing Percentage and Tissue Composition of Broilers

Abstract This study was designed to determine the influence of age, sex, thawing and cooking on tissue composition of broilers and of age and sex on dressing percentage. Moisture, fat (ether extractables) and crude protein content of meat samples were determined by using official methods of A.O.A.C. Age and sex had no significant influence on percentage moisture of raw or cooked breast and thigh muscles. However, muscles from 4- and 6-week-old broilers contained higher moisture content than did muscles from 8- and 10-week-old birds. Percentage fat in the breasts and thighs was not affected significantly by age and sex. The percentage protein in breasts and thighs varied significantly with age but not between sexes. Thawing methods used did not significantly affect the moisture, fat and protein content of breast and thigh muscles in 4-, 6-, and 10-week-old broilers. Dressing percentages were similar between sexes for the same age broilers. However, there were significant differences (p ≤ .05) among the different age broilers when values for sexes were combined.
Lansce radiation resistant water manifold retrofit for DC magnets

Large maintenance dose burdens have necessitated the development of radiation resistant water manifolds for use on DC magnets in the proton storage ring (PSR), at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator. This paper will describe dose measurements and the mechanical design of radiation-resistant water manifolds used in PSR.
Nuclear expression of a mitochondrial DNA gene: mitochondrial targeting of allotopically expressed mutant ATP6 in transgenic mice.

Nuclear encoding of mitochondrial DNA transgenes followed by mitochondrial targeting of the expressed proteins (allotopic expression; AE) represents a potentially powerful strategy for creating animal models of mtDNA disease. Mice were created that allotopically express either a mutant (A6M) or wildtype (A6W) mt-Atp6 transgene. Compared to non-transgenic controls, A6M mice displayed neuromuscular and motor deficiencies (wire hang, pole, and balance beam analyses; 𝑃 0.05). This study illustrates a mouse model capable of circumventing in vivo mitochondrial mutations. Moreover, it provides evidence supporting AE as a tool for mtDNA disease research with implications in development of DNA-based therapeutics.