cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the application of pseudo-spectral FFT technique to non-periodic problems

The reduction-to-periodicity method using the pseudo-spectral Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique is applied to the solution of nonperiodic problems including the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by calculating derivatives of given functions, one- and two-dimensional convective-diffusive problems, and by comparing the relative errors due to the FFT method with seocnd order Finite Difference Methods (FDM). Finally, the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a fractional step procedure using both the FFT and the FDM methods for the driven cavity flow and the backward facing step problems. Comparisons of these solutions provide a realistic assessment of the FFT method indicating its range of applicability.
Editor's note: Past, present, and future work of the American Balint Society.

From time to time, it is a journal editor’s prerogative to develop a special issue that focuses on a topic of key importance. As such, special issues provide an opportunity to collect a series of peer-reviewed papers that lend extra depth and breadth in the consideration of the topic of interest. This special issue of the International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine (IJPM) focuses on the past, present, and future work of the American Balint Society (ABS). Why dedicate an entire journal issue to the work of the ABS, you might ask? Would not an article or two be sufficiently informative? These are fair questions. My answer to these and similar questions is that for both historical and practical reasons shining a light on the good work done by the ABS is proper and timely. Speaking historically, Balint work has a long history of association with this journal. Beginning with the inaugural issue, the psychoanalyst himself, Michael Balint, published his paper titled ‘‘Repeat prescription patients: Are they an identifiable group?’’ (vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 3–14, 1970). As a side note, Dr Balint submitted his paper at the invitation of the founding editor-in-chief of IJPM, Donald R Lipsitt, who is both a psychoanalyst and clinical professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. I should duly note that Dr Balint’s paper was peer reviewed with minor corrections made prior to acceptance for publication. Michael Balint published a second paper in IJPM: ‘‘The family doctor and patient’s secrets’’ (vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 98–107, 1971). As well, Michael’s personal and professional partner Enid Balint published two papers concerning the Balint method in IJPM: A portrait of Michael Balint: The development of his ideas on the use of the drug ‘‘doctor’’ (vol. 5, issue 3, pp. 211–222, 1974) and ‘‘Psychoanalysis applied to medicine: A personal note’’ (vol. 7, issue 1, pp. 35–46, 1976–1977). In addition to the four IJPM papers published two each by Michael Balint and
Neutralization of low energy helium ions scattered from Au adatoms on Si(111)-√3 × √3-Au

Abstract The neutralization of 5 keV He+ ions scattered from Au adatoms on the Si(111)-√3 × √3-Au surface was studied by impact-collision ion-scattering spectroscopy (ICISS). The He+ ICISS data contained false shadowing features that were actually the result of local neutralization effects. The radially dependent ion-atom neutralization theory of Woodruff, when used in our simulations of the ion scattering results, was reasonably successful in describing the neutralization of the He+ ions by the Au atoms. Good agreement for both the [112] and [110] azimuths was obtained for a neutralization rate R = A exp(− ar), where A and a are 15.5 fs−1 and 1.94 A−1 , respectively. An Auger neutralization model assuming a planar ion-solid interaction surface was also tested, yielding much poorer agreement.
The corruption that is group preference

T he two papers here presented were originally delivered at the seventh general conference of the National Association of Scholars in New Orleans, Louisiana, as part of a panel titled "Would the Abolition of Race and Sex Preferences Be Good for Higher Education?" The panel convened on the morning of 14 December 1997. Subsequently prepared for publication, these essays reflect the intention of the organizers to bring together panelists with varying points of view.
DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION WITH BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS

In the past, three methods have been used to provide laboratory confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of infection with B.pertussis (Bp): culture, direct fluorescein-labelled antibody-stained smear (FA) and serology. Each, however, is frought with problems, including requirement for fresh, selective medium, slow growth of Bp organisms, interobserver variability in FA reading, and need for paired specimens in serology. Two new methods show promise in pertussis diagnosis. First, DNA hybridization using a sequence highly repeated in the pertussis genome can identify as few as 103 Bp in nasopharyngeal (NP) secretions. Second, Bp adenylate cyclase can be detected by enzymatic assay of the organisms also in NP secretions. In this study, specimens from 21 children with cough and vomiting were evaluated for Bp infection with five methods: 1) culture; 2) FA; 3) agglutinin serology; 4) DNA hybridization and 5) adenylate cyclase assay. All but one of the children were < 1 year of age and had received no DPT. Two or more tests were positive for 9 of the 21 patients. The sensitivities for identification of Bp infection by these tests were: culture, 44%; FA, 67%; adenylate cyclase 67% and DNA probe 89%. These data indicate that use of NP secretions and the recently developed DNA probe can provide a rapid and sensitive method for pertussis diagnosis which is superior to currently available procedures.
Behavioral and biochemical interactions of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine with various drugs when administered intracisternally to adult and developing rats.

Summary Intracisternal administration of 200 μg of 5,7-dihydroxytrptamine (5,7-DHT) caused a prolonged reduction of brain serotonin which was accompanied by a depletion of brain norepinephrine. The depletion of norepinephrine was found to be antagonized by agents that inhibit uptake of norepinephrine as well as by several monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Intracisternal injections of 5,7-DHT (75 or 100 μg) to 7-day-old neonatal rats reduced brain serotonin and norepinephrine and produced a significant reduction of adult body weight. As in adults, pretreatment of neonatal rats with pargyline or desipramine prevented 5,7-DHT induced depletion of norepinephrine without affecting depletion of serotonin. Behaviorally, treatment of adult rats with 5,7-DHT facilitated acquisition of an active avoidance task and enhanced muricidal behavior. 5,7-DHT treatment was also found to enhance the depressant effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on a fixed-ratio barpress response, suggesting that 5,7-DHT treated rats are supersensitive to serotonin in the central nervous system.
Effect of starvation on the performance and re-acclimation of biotrickling filters for air pollution control.

Biotrickling filters for air pollution control are expected to encounter fluctuating conditions or periods without pollutant supply. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pollutant starvation in bench-scale biotrickling filters treating toluene. The experimental protocol consisted of starving biotrickling filters under various conditions: with or without airflow, with or without liquid recycle, and with or without an alternate carbon source (glucose) supply. The duration of the period without toluene was varied from 2 to 9 days, during time which the biotrickling filters were monitored for biomass content, endogenous and toluene-induced oxygen uptake rates during starvation, and toluene overall elimination capacity after restart. During starvation, all reactors lost their ability to degrade toluene within 5 days, regardless of the mode of starvation. The biomass content significantly decreased during starvation, in particular in those reactors where the recycle liquid was maintained, but th...
Social Baseline Theory: the social regulation of risk and effort

We describe Social Baseline Theory (SBT), a perspective that integrates the study of social relationships with principles of attachment, behavioral ecology, cognitive neuroscience, and perception science. SBT suggests the human brain expects access to social relationships that mitigate risk and diminish the level of effort needed to meet a variety of goals. This is accomplished in part by incorporating relational partners into neural representations of the self. By contrast, decreased access to relational partners increases cognitive and physiological effort. Relationship disruptions entail re-defining the self as independent, which implies greater risk, increased effort, and diminished well being. The ungrafting of the self and other may mediate recovery from relationship loss.
Characterization of the regulatory network of BoMYB2 in controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple cauliflower

Purple cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) Graffiti represents a unique mutant in conferring ectopic anthocyanin biosynthesis, which is caused by the tissue-specific activation of BoMYB2, an ortholog of Arabidopsis PAP2 or MYB113. To gain a better understanding of the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we investigated the interaction among cauliflower MYB–bHLH–WD40 network proteins and examined the interplay of BoMYB2 with various bHLH transcription factors in planta. Yeast two-hybrid studies revealed that cauliflower BoMYBs along with the other regulators formed the MYB–bHLH–WD40 complexes and BobHLH1 acted as a bridge between BoMYB and BoWD40-1 proteins. Different BoMYBs exhibited different binding activity to BobHLH1. Examination of the BoMYB2 transgenic lines in Arabidopsis bHLH mutant backgrounds demonstrated that TT8, EGL3, and GL3 were all involved in the BoMYB2-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Expression of BoMYB2 in Arabidopsis caused up-regulation of AtTT8 and AtEGL3 as well as a subset of anthocyanin structural genes encoding flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase. Taken together, our results show that MYB–bHLH–WD40 network transcription factors regulated the bHLH gene expression, which may represent a critical feature in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. BoMYB2 together with various BobHLHs specifically regulated the late anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our findings provide additional information for the complicated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the transcriptional regulation of transcription factors in vegetable crops.
The energy spectrum of primary cosmic ray electrons from 2 GeV to 200 GeV.

A balloon borne counter telescope with a gas Cerenkov counter is used to measure the energy of primary cosmic ray electrons between 2 and 200 GeV. Electrons are identified by the characteristic electron-photon shower which they produce in a 15 radiation length deep stack of high-Z material interleaved with scintillation counters. Calibrations with monoenergetic electrons up to 14 GeV and monoenergetic protons up to 28 GeV from accelerators are used to develop criteria to statistically separate electrons from proton induced events. The results from six balloon flights (total exposure time 63 hours) are combined to obtain the electron energy spectrum. Up to about 30 GeV the spectrum measured in this experiment can be directly checked with calibrations and agrees well with results from other experiments. Above this energy the flux reported here is somewhat higher than the determinations reported by most other authors. We do not attach significance to an apparent flattening of the energy spectrum above 50 GeV. There is no evidence for a steepening of the spectrum at energies below 200 GeV.
Scalp Reduction Surgery with the Carbon Dioxide Laser

When used in the focused cutting mode, the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser can permit virtually bloodless scalp reduction surgery as a function of its remarkable hemostatic properties. This instrument speeds the operating time and allows the surgeon to close the wound with confidence that postoperative bleeding is unlikely to compromise the results. The additional potential benefits of decreased swelling and pain due to sealing of lymphatics and nerve endings are more difficult to quantify. It appears that the CO2 laser offers many benefits in scalp reduction surgery and is a useful modification of the standard technique.
The correlation between rates of cancer and autism: an exploratory ecological investigation.

Background Autism is associated with high rates of genomic aberrations, including chromosomal rearrangements and de novo copy-number variations. These observations are reminiscent of cancer, a disease where genomic rearrangements also play a role. We undertook a correlative epidemiological study to explore the possibility that shared risk factors might exist for autism and specific types of cancer.
The fate of polytetrafluoro-ethylene grafts in lower limb bypass surgery: a six year followup

The success of lower limb bypass surgery depends, in the major part, on the availability of autologous saphenous vein as the most satisfactory arterial substitute known to date. Although various prosthetic conduits, used in the absence of saphenous vein, have shown promising success on short term follow-up, more long-term comparative data are required for adequate assessment. This study analyses, by life table method, the results of 134 infra-inguinal bypass grafts using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) over a 6 year period. The results reconfirm the superior long-term patency of vein bypasses compared with such prosthetic grafts. Analysis suggests that, while PTFE may give acceptable results in the immediate and short-term follow-up period, 6 year patencies approach 20-30 per cent.
Remote spectral detection using a laboratory signature

Two new algorithms are derived for remotely detecting a material characterized only by its laboratory spectrum. The methods are motivated by the practical difficulties in predicting an accurate field radiance from a reflectance. The first algorithm associates an affine subspace with the material, instead of a radiance point. The second algorithm is designed to prevent false alarms from dark pixels, to which the first algorithm may be sensitive. Both algorithms are ideally suited for use in conjunction with a simple method of vicarious calibration, which is also described.
Studies on streaming. I. Inhibition of protoplasmic streaming and cytokinesis of Chaos chaos by adenosine triphosphate and reversal by magnesium and calcium ions.

In Chaos chaos streaming, motility, and cytokinesis were inhibited nearly 100% for several hours by 2.5–5 mM sodium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)1 added to culture fluid. All three effects were completely prevented by the addition of equimolar Mg++ or Ca++ ions but not Na+ to the ATP/culture fluid solution. The effects of ATP were not reproduced by EDTA, EGTA, colchicine, or AMP. Sodium pyrophosphate produced about 50% inhibition at 5 mM. Studies with 14C-ATP showed that 5 x 10-5 to 5 x 10-4 mmole of ATP was firmly associated with each milliliter of packed cells after an hour's incubation at 24°C. Labeling studies also showed that prevention of the ATP effects by Mg++ ions was not due to a decrease in the amount of ATP associated with the cells.
Truth telling in clinical practice : is it ever OK to lie to patients? : ethics

Truth telling in health care is an important virtue of a health-care professional and is closely linked to respect for persons. It promotes trust in the doctor-patient relationship. Views in the western context regarding disclosure of medical information have changed in the last 4-5 decades, together with the shift from medical paternalism ('the doctor knows best') to respect for autonomy and decision making by patients. Increasingly children are also involved in decision making in health care, and guidelines recommend that medical information should not be withheld from them if they wish to be informed.
Radiation Damage in MgO

The radiation production of $F$ centers in Fe-doped and "pure" MgO crystals has been investigated. The coloration is enhanced by impurities when the radiation temperature is in the range 80-330\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Unlike the more ionic alkali halides, the $F$-center production rate is a linear function of electron-irradiation intensity and decreases with irradiation energy. For a given dose of radiation, fast neutrons produce about 50 times as many $F$ centers as do energetic electrons. It is concluded from the study that radiation damage in MgO occurs primarily as a result of elastic collisions, and, that the photochemical processes prevalent in the alkali halides contribute very little, if any, to the damage.
The effect of descending theta rhythmic input from the septohippocampal system on firing in the supramammillary nucleus

The supramammillary nucleus (SUM) is part of an ascending pathway conveying behavior-dependent drive to the septal generator of limbic theta rhythm. The SUM is, however, reciprocally connected to the septohippocampal system and there is strong evidence that both septum and SUM are capable of generating theta rhythmic activity. The present study examined the possible role of a descending rhythmic input to the SUM using simultaneously recorded hippocampal EEG and SUM neuronal activity in anesthetized rats. Fourier based phase analysis was performed on recordings in which fast theta rhythmic activity was elicited by tail pinch and in which a slower theta rhythm persisted after cessation of the sensory stimulus. It was found that the firing of a subpopulation of SUM neurons followed the hippocampal theta waves with a constant time delay, rather than a constant phase, suggesting that during deceleration associated with a shift from sensory-elicited theta to spontaneous theta rhythm they followed a descending rhythmic input, most likely from the medial septum. Neurons of a second group, which fired at the hippocampal theta peaks, did not show such relationship demonstrating heterogeneity in the population of rhythmic SUM neurons and their possible roles in theta generation. Combined with previous studies focusing on the role of the ascending theta drive from the SUM, these results demonstrate dynamic bidirectional coupling between subcortical theta generators. Thus, during certain states, rhythmically firing SUM neurons lead the septal theta oscillator, in others the direction may reverse and SUM follows a theta drive of septal origin.
Membrane protein separation and analysis by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Membrane proteins comprise 25−30% of the human genome and play critical roles in a wide variety of important biological processes. However, their hydrophobic nature has compromised efforts at structural characterization by both X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry. The detergents that are generally used to solubilize membrane proteins interfere with the crystallization process essential to X-ray studies and cause severe ion suppression effects that hinder mass spectrometric analysis. In this report, the use of supercritical fluid chromatography−mass spectrometry for the separation and analysis of integral membrane proteins and hydrophobic peptides is investigated. It is shown that detergents are rapidly and effectively separated from the proteins and peptides, yielding them in a state suitable for direct mass spectrometric analysis.
Spatial autocorrelation and dispersal in mistletoes : field and simulation results

The infections of two species of mistletoes in Baja California, Mexico were investigated for spatial patterns of abundance, and for an effect of the dispersal patterns of mistletoe seeds on these spatial patterns. Mistletoe distributions were mapped and the dispersal of mistletoe seeds was observed. Most mistletoes seeds were dispersed locally to the parent tree or to nearby trees. While mistletoe distributions were highly clumped at the level of the individual tree, no spatial pattern was found above the scale of the individual tree. Infected trees were no more clumped than the overall host population, and infected trees had no more mistletoes on nearby surrounding trees than did uninfected trees. Trees showed no spatial autocorrelation in the number of mistletoes they supported. Simulations using a spatially explicit simulation model with local dispersal and stochasticity in seed dispersal, host mortality, and mistletoe mortality were used to interpret the field results. Simulation results suggest that dispersal patterns affect the overall level of variance in the number of mistletoes per tree but do not lead to spatial patterns in abundance above the scale of the tree. Thus, both simulation and field systems give the surprising result that local dispersal does not lead to spatial autocorrelation in the numbers of mistletoes per tree.
Privacy-seeking behavior in an elementary classroom

Abstract This study observed privacy-seeking behavior in an elementary classroom, investigated individual differences in privacy seeking, and compared preferences for private spaces varying in degree of enclosure. Four privacy booths were placed in a fourth-grade classroom. A ticket system was used to assess booth use. Information on personality and background variables was obtained with self-report, peer, teacher, and parent questionnaires. After an initial period of enthusiasm, overall booth use declined sharply. However, analysis revealed substantial individual variation in booth use that remained consistent throughout the study. For boys, booth use was significantly correlated with teachers' ratings of sociability, aggressiveness, and distractibility. For girls, a significant positive relationship was found between privacy seeking at home and in school. Self-reported desire for privacy was uncorrelated with actual privacy-seeking behavior in the classroom. No significant differences in the use of the various booths were found, although self-reported preferences clearly favored the booth that allowed visual access to the rest of the classroom when desired.
Acid-base metabolism and the proton condition

This Memorandum applies the proton condition of inorganic chemistry to the problem of describing the net acid content in a biological system. A "proton content" is defined which expresses the net acid content in terms of the detailed chemical composition of the system. This approach is compared with previous approaches to the quantitative description of acid-base metabolism and then applied to the interpretation of experimental metabolic balances.
Genetic counseling dilemmas: Down syndrome, paternal age, and recurrence risk after remarriage

The recent demonstration that about 20–30% of cases of Down syndrome are of paternal origin has again raised interest in the question of the possible contribution of paternal age independent of maternal age to a couple's risk of a Down syndrome live birth. In this paper the nature of the available evidence is critically reviewed, interpretations reconciling differences between studies that reached opposite conclusions are presented, and an approach to genetic counseling in the face of such apparent differences in the literature is discussed. It is not likely that data from ad hoc studies of parental origin of the extra chromosome will be sufficient to judge the existence or magnitude of paternal age-specific risk, and reliance must be made on statistical studies that searched for paternal age effects while controlling for maternal age. The literature is consistent with an apparent doubling of risk for paternal age 55 and over, but no effect at younger paternal ages. With regard to remarriage, it is suggested that if members of a couple with a 47, +21 child remarry it be assumed that the excess risk “travels” to that new couple which includes the parent in whom non-disjunction occurred in the previous marriage. If parental origin is not known, it is suggested that the risk be calculated on the assumption of a 20–30% likelihood that it was of paternal origin and a 70–80% likelihood that it was of maternal origin, and that the excess empiric risks be apportioned accordingly in the new marriages.
The clinical significance of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia provoked at electrophysiologic testing.

Abstract Ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced at electrophysiologic studies is felt to be clinically significant if the morphology of the induced arrhythmia and the spontaneous arrythmia are similar. Yet many times in referral patients, an adequate 12-lead ECG does not exist to permit determination of the VT morphology. Since the significance of differences in induced and spontaneous arrhythmias has not been clearly established, we reviewed the records of 153 patients and correlated induced VT morphology with the incidence of sudden death. Polymorphic VT was induced in 88 patients (57%) and monomorphic VT was induced in 65 patients (43%). The total mortality and sudden death rates were similar in the two groups in spite of antiarrhythmic therapy, 12% and 7% (polymorphic) versus 10% and 5% (monomorphic). All the sudden deaths occurred in patients who presented with cardiac arrest and hemodynamically symptomatic VT and none in the asymptomatic VT group, regardless of VT morphology (p
Hartree-Fock densities in Thomas-Fermi-Dirac formulas including the inhomogeneity term

Hartree-Fock-Roothaan-Clementi (HFRC) densities are used to calculate the total kinetic energies and the total binding energies of neutral atoms according to the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac formulas with inhomogeneity corrections. The strength of the Weizsacker inhomogeneity correction is multiplied by the Kompaneets and Pavlovskii, and Kirzhnits factor of 1/9. Of the atoms considered (Z = 2 to Z = 36; Z = 54) almost all the total kinetic energies agree with the HFRC expectation values to better than 1%, and the largest disagreement is 1.7%. Except for He, Li, Be, and B, the total binding energies agree with the HFRC expectation values to better than 0.7%. Higher-order corrections of the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Weizsacker formulas are therefore very small. (AIP)
An automated evolved gas detection apparatus

Abstract An automated evolved gas detection apparatus is described consisting of a furnace, furnace temperature programmer, automatic sample changer, thermistor thermal conductivity detector, and a two channel recorder. The samples are automatically introduced into the furnace chamber, pyrolyzed to a preselected temperature limit, and then removed. After the system has cooled to a preselected lower temperature limit, the cycle is repeated. Eight samples can be studied in a sequential manner.
Taxonomy of inlinked Web entities: What does it imply for webometric research?☆

Hyperlinks from other Web sites are, in some respect, similar to bibliographical citations. Link analysis, like citation analysis in bibliometrics, has emerged as a research area of webometrics in recent years. But why are links made and where do they point? A sample of inlinked Web entities (i.e., Web pages or Web sites) was randomly selected from a group of academic institutions' Web sites. The inlinked sites, along with the hyperlink data and outlinking sites, were analyzed and categorized to form a taxonomy of inlinked sites. Based on this taxonomy, a list of reasons for hyperlinking, grouped in four top-level categories (teaching/learning, research, service, and home page), was identified. Compared with bibliographical citations, hyperlinks were made for a different set of reasons. Hyperlinking also has fewer dimensions, less complexity, and little negative implication. On the whole, almost 50% of all the inlinks examined were created for pointing to resource or directory information provided at the target Web sites. In addition, nearly three fourths (73%) of all the inlinked sites analyzed in this study were linked to for reasons relating to service or home page while less than one third (27%) of the links were made out of research or teaching/learning motivations. Yet, teaching and research are the two major criteria traditionally used for evaluating academic institutions. These findings, although by no means conclusive, suggest that evaluative link-based studies should not only consider link counts but also reasons for hyperlinking in order to ensure the validity of such research.
Perceptions of transparency of government policymaking: A cross- national study

Abstract In the past two decades, governments from around the world have adopted access-to-information laws at a rate unlike any other time in history. This reform in government information policy parallels a global movement of intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, which have pressed countries to advance the norm of transparency. Competition in the global economy has also provided a strong incentive for governments to show openness, as business leaders and donor nations contend that access-to-information is critical for efficient markets. Given the growing interaction between governments and transnational firms, and the global emphasis on access-to-information, this cross-national study examines the relationship between business executives' perceptions of transparency in government policymaking, and several indicators suggested in the literature as means to advance the flow of information about government. The study found countries that respondents ranked as ‘most transparent’ had significantly higher levels of access-to-information laws, telecommunication infrastructure, E-Government, free press, and higher income levels, than countries with low transparency levels. Our regression findings indicate that telecommunications infrastructure and free press influenced the perceptions of government transparency in a positive and significant way. The evidence indicates that democracy did not contribute toward the perceptions of transparency. The findings also suggest that nations aiming for openness by adopting access-to-information laws and engaging in E-Government may signal to businesses that their governments are aware of the international norm of transparency—though these conditions are not necessarily sufficient to advance the perceptions of government transparency.
Circles and Sounds

The exploration of real-time, interactive motion graphics in a live environment is a response to the exponential growth of technology in culture and the human desire to engage in meaningful experiences. Interactive installations draw from the concepts of the New Aesthetic and Relational Aesthetics to create art that depends on cutting-edge technology while emphasizing human interaction and connectedness. The use of graphics that respond in real-time are a hallmark of the medium. Immediate responses from the technology allow the user to engage with the artwork instantaneously. By doing so, they can create meanings that are unique to themselves.My interactive art installation, Circles and Sounds, combines art and technology in a way that will allow the user to engage with the technology to create their own real-time graphics and sound experience that is completely unique to them.
1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectral assignments for tobramycin, 2''-(adenosine-5'-phosphoryl)-tobramycin and 2''-(adenosine-5'-thiophosphoryl)-tobramycin.

Two enzymatically modified derivatives of tobramycin have been prepared by gentamicin nucleotidyl transferase-catalyzed adenylylation of tobramycin, using ATP and (Sp)-ATPαS as adenylylation substrates. (EC 2.7.7.46). The 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectra have been assigned for tobramycin, 2″-(adenosine-5′-phosphoryl)-tobramycin (TbAMP) and 2″-(adenosine-5′-thiophosphoryl)-tobramycin (TbAMPS). Several one -and two-dimensional NMR techniques have been utilized, notably, 1H1H homonuclear correlation spectroscopy at 470 or 500 MHz and 13C1H heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy at 50.3 MHz. The 1H assignments for tobramycin are similar to those previously reported for rings I and III of kanamycin A. The 13C assignments for tobramycin were similar to those previously reported, except for reversal of the assignments for anomeric carbons in the glycosyl rings. The 1H and 13C assignments for tobramycin were used to guide the assignments of the spectra for TbAMP and TbAMPS. Nearly complete assignments were obtained for these two derivatives of tobramycin. From the measured proton coupling constants, only small conformational changes were observed upon modification of tobramycin by adenylylation. From the proton and carbon spectra of the adenylylated derivatives the 2″ position is shown to be the site of adenylation. Large downfield shifts of the 2″ proton and carbon resonances are easily observed and are more pronounced for TbAMPS than for TbAMP.
Preparation and in vitro antiproliferative effect of tocotrienol loaded lipid nanoparticles

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with tocotrienol-rich-fraction of palm oil (TRF-NLCs) and to evaluate their antiproliferative effects against neoplastic +SA mammary epithelial cells. This necessitated optimizing the ultrasonic homogenization process parameters and the surfactant to lipid ratio within the NLCs. Therefore, sonication time and pulsar rate were initially evaluated for their effect on the size and polydispersity of the nanoparticles using a full factorial design. Also, varying the surfactant to lipid ratio from 0.25:1 to 3:1 was evaluated for its effect on the same responses. Optimal nanoparticles were obtained when dispersions containing a surfactant to lipid ratio of 0.5:1, with a total lipid concentration of 0.25 (w/v), were sonicated at 60% pulsar rate for 10 min. These parameters were subsequently used to prepare TRF-NLCs. TRF was loaded into the nanoparticles by substituting 10% (TRF-10-NLC) or 50% (TRF-50-NLC) of the lipid phase with TRF. In an extended stability study, no significant change in particle size of the TRF-NLCs was observed over 6 months of storage. In the cell culture studies, TRF-NLCs were shown to exhibit potent antiproliferative effect against neoplastic +SA mammary epithelial cells. The IC50 values of TRF-10-NLCs were 2-fold lower than the IC50 value of the reference TRF/BSA solution. In contrast, TRF-50-NLCs had comparable IC50 values as the TRF/BSA solution, which signified the importance of TRF encapsulation within NLCs on their activity. Furthermore, these findings suggested that TRF-NLCs may have potential value in the treatment of breast cancer.
Electrolyte solvation in aprotic solvents

Abstract The nature of specific ionsolvent, ionion and solventsolvent interactions is reviewed in the context of their relation to the development of lithium batteries. For aprotic solvents of permittivities > ≈ 15, the “medium effect” has been found to offer insights into basic problems ( e.g. , solubilities and relative rates of electrochemical reactions) as well as offering predictive capabilities. For aprotic solvents of permittivities
Estimating heritability of drug-induced liver injury from common variants and implications for future study designs

Recent genome-wide association studies identified certain human leukocyote antigen (HLA) alleles as the major risk factors of drug-induced liver injuries (DILI). While these alleles often cause large relative risk, their predictive values are quite low due to low prevalence of idiosyncratic DILI. Finding additional risk factors is important for precision medicine. However, optimal design of further genetic studies is hindered by uncertain overall heritability of DILI. This is a common problem for low-prevalence pharmacological traits, since it is difficult to obtain clinical outcome data in families. Here we estimated the heritability (h2) of DILI from case-control genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data using a method based on random effect models. We estimated the proportion of h2 captured by common SNPs for DILI to be between 0.3 and 0.5. For co-amoxiclav induced DILI, chromosome 6 explained part of the heritability, indicating additional contributions from common variants yet to be found. We performed simulations to assess the robustness of the h2 estimate with limited sample size under low prevelance, a condition typical to studies on idiosyncratic pharmacological traits. Our findings suggest that common variants outside of HLA contribute to DILI susceptability; therefore, it is valuable to conduct further GWAS with expanded case collection.
Hydrogen in amorphous silicon

Abstract The structural aspects of amorphous silicon and the role of hydrogen in this structure are reviewed with emphasis on ion implantation studies. In amorphous silicon produced by Si ion implantation of crystalline silicon, the material reconstructs into a metastable amorphous structure which has optical and electrical properties qualitatively similar to the corresponding properties in high-purity evaporated amorphous silicon. Hydrogen studies further indicate that these structures will accomodate ⪅5 at% hydrogen and this hydrogen is bonded predominantly in a monohydride (SiH 1 ) site. Larger hydrogen concentrations than this can be achieved under certain conditions, but the excess hydrogen may be attributed to defects and voids in the material. Similarly, glow discharge or sputter-deposited amorphous silicon has more desirable electrical and optical properties when the material is prepared with low hydrogen concentration and monohydride bonding. Results of structural studies and hydrogen incorporation in amorphous silicon are discussed relative to the different models proposed for amorphous silicon.
On the torsion of the group O(n, 1; Z) of integral Lorentzian (n + 1) × (n + 1) matrices

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the torsion of the group O(n, 1; Z ) of integral Lorentzian ( n + 1) × ( n + 1) matrices. We show that for any odd prime number p , the group O(n, 1; Z ) has an element of order p if and only if n ≥ p or n + 1 = p ≡ 1 mod 4. We determine the maximal order of a p -subgroup of O(n, 1; Z ) for certain prime numbers p . In particular, we prove that if p is a regular prime number such that p ≡ 1 mod 4 and if p a is the maximal order of a p -subgroup of O(n, 1; Z ) , then a = [ n p − 1 ] + [ n p(p − 1) ] + [ n p 2 (p − 1) ] + … , where square brackets denotes the greatest integer function. We also determine the maximal order of a p -subgroup of O(n, 1; Z ) for each prime number p for n = 1, …, 42.
Derivation and application of an analytical solution of the mass transfer equation to the case of forced convective flow around a cylindrical and a spherical particle with fluid surface properties

The mass and heat transfer to a particle in a flow field have important practical applications in distillation, absorption, spray drying and catalytic reactions. The applications in aerosol science include inhalation dosimetry as well as gas cleaning and filtration processes. To describe any of these applications, however, an analytical or numerical solution must be found for the associated forced convective transfer processes. The objective of this study was to obtain an analytical solution for the partial differential equation (PDE) describing the forced convective mass and heat transfer around a cylindrical and a spherical particle having gaseous (fluid) surface properties by reducing the PDE to a second-order ordinary differential equation using a similarity transformation. Calculations with this solution confirmed that the concentration and temperature gradients were highest at the front stagnant point and that the local mass transfer rates, represented by the Sherwood number, decreased as θ increased from the front stagnation point, θ = 0 to 180°; these results are in agreement with previous observations by others. New observations included: when the convection-to-diffusion transfer rate ratio, the Peclet number, Pe, was finite (Pe < 442 for a cylindrical or <34 for a sphere), the Sherwood number was proportional to Pe12 exp(−1/ωPe) where ω = 3 for a sphere and 14.42 for a cylinder; and the mass transfer rate for votex flow at the rear of a cylindrical particle had a weaker dependence on Peclet number (Pe14. When kuθ or uθ + u′θ is substituted for uθ in the mass transfer rate expression for a fluid cylinder, the ratio of the new Sherwood number to the old Sherwood number is roughly proportional to √k or √u′θ, respectively.
Upper limit to the lightest Higgs mass in supersymmetric models

Abstract Consider all models in which the effective low-energy theory has an SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) gauge group, softly or spontaneously broken supersymmetry, and Higgs doublets. Even though, in general, mass terms in such models are arbitrary (thus “ino” masses can be pushed up to higher and higher values), one can derive mass relations between ordinary Higgs particles. The most crucial relation gives an upper bound of 93 GeV on the mass of the lightest Higgs scalar. We discuss these relations and calculate radiative corrections to them. It is shown that the upper bound can not exceed 95 GeV, and the lower limit to the mass of charged scalar is 78 GeV. Corrections to other relations are also discussed. These relations may provide the first definitive test of low-energy supersymmetry.
Treatment of parents who abuse their children: A literature review and implications for professionals

This article contains a review of the current treatment approaches to child abuse in terms of the following models: psychopathological, sociological, social-situational, family systems and social learning. The psychopathological model of child abuse emphasizes direct services. The services provided may consist of individual, group and lay treatment, volunteer companions, and self-help groups. The sociological model's approach to intervention emphasizes the need for wide-ranging changes in social values and structures. The socio-situational model's approach to treatment is based upon the assumption that the cause of child abuse lies not in the individual, but in the social situation, which may, in turn, be maintaining abusive patterns of behavior. The family systems approach to treatment resembles that of the socio-situational model in that it too emphasizes changing the family's pattern of interaction and behaviors. Finally, the social learning approach to treatment involves the identification of behavioral goals, specific techniques for achieving these goals, and the use of social reinforcers to facilitate this process. Data indicate that parents who abuse their children face multiple social and psychological difficulties. It has been suggested that the reason why treatment programs have not prodoced significant results in treating parents who abuse their children is that they focus on only one of the factors that operate to produce child abuse, i.e., lack of child management skills, marital dissatisfaction, or vocation or interpersonal skills dissatisfaction. It is logical that a treatment approach to abuse must view the problem as multi-determined and services should be structured in such a manner. Thus, the comprehensive treatment program should consist of the following; (1) Child Management Program; (2) Marital Enrichment Program; (3) Vocational Skills Enrichment Program; (4) Interpersonal Skills Enrichment Program. Programs to accomplish the acquisition of requisite skills in each of the four areas of emphasis are chosen from the technology of applied behavioral analysis. Each of the four program components is reviewed along with the rationale for a comprehensive program delivered through a behavioral group work approach. The article concludes with a discussion of the implementation and evaluation of the program.
Distinct patterns of lipoproteins with apoB defined by presence of apoE or apoC-III in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia

Apolipoprotein (apo) E and apoC-III concentrations in VLDL and LDL are associated with coronary heart disease. We studied the relationship between apoE and apoC-III and the abnormal concentrations and distribution of apoB lipoproteins in 10 hypercholesterolemic and 13 hypertriglyceridemic patients compared with 12 normolipidemic subjects (mean age, 45 years). Sixteen distinct types of apoB lipoprotein particles were sepa- rated by first using anti-apoE and anti-apoC-III immunoaffinity chromatography in sequence and then ultracentrifugation (light VLDL, dense VLDL, IDL, and LDL, with apoE with or without apoC-III (EC-III � , EC-III � ) or without apoE with or without apoC-III (EC-III � , EC-III � )). The concentrations of VLDL particles with apoC-III (EC-III � , EC-III � ) were increased in the hypertriglyceridemic group compared with the hypercholester- olemic and normolipidemic groups. These particles were the most triglyceride rich of the particle types, and their triglyceride content was twice as high in hypertriglyceridemics compared with the other two groups. Hypertriglyceridemics had a similar concentration of total EC-IIIparticles compared with normo- lipidemics, but the EC-IIIparticles were distributed more to VLDL and IDL than to LDL. Hypercholesterolemics, in contrast, were distinguished from the normolipidemic group by 2-fold higher concentrations of apoB lipoproteins without apoE or apoC-III (EC-III � ), mainly LDL, which had high cholesterol content. Nonetheless, both normolipidemics and hypercholes- terolemics had apoC-III-containing VLDL, which comprised 68% and 43% of their total VLDL particles. EC-IIIparticles were a minor type, comprising � 10% of particles in all lipopro- teins and patient groups. Therefore, VLDL particles with apoC-III may play a central role in identifying the high risk of coronary heart disease in hypertriglyceridemia, but their sub- stantial prevalence in normolipidemics may be of clinical sig- nificance as well. —Campos, H., D. Perlov, C. Khoo, and F. M. Sacks. Distinct patterns of lipoproteins with apoB defined by presence of apoE or apoC-III in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 1239-1249.
Muckrake and Manchu: The Image of China in the American Press, 1900-1912

Israel looks at the popular image of China at the beginning of the twentieth century through the eyes of popular American magazines. What emerges is a "China Muckraking" style of journalism in such magazines as "Independent, Success," "The Nation," "McClure's", "Collier's" and others. Israel finds the periodical clipping files in the William Elliot Griffis collection especially usefuly in pursuring this research.
An Integrated Syndromic Surveillance System for Monitoring Scarlet Fever in Taiwan

In 2011, Hong Kong, being so close geographically to Taiwan, had encountered an outbreak of scarlet fever. In response, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control developed a timely integrated syndromic surveillance system using daily updated data from National Health Insurance (scarlet fever ICD-9-CM code 034.1) and death certifications (cause of death text mining with keywords "scarlet fever", "group A streptococcus" or "toxic shock syndrome") since July 2011. Interagency collaborations add values to existing health data in the government and have strengthened the capacity of disease surveillance in Taiwan.
LEGOsheets: a rule-based programming, simulation and manipulation environment for the LEGO Programmable Brick

The LEGO Programmable Brick gives children the ability to create physical artifacts, such as vehicles and robots, and program them with interesting behaviors. However, programming is difficult to learn, even for adults. Children often lose interest in further exploration of programming through adult learning mechanisms. Environments that support a gradual transition from manual control of the physical artifact to complete programming substantially simplify the process of programming. The combination of LEGOsheets and the Programmable Brick is an educational environment that provides a gentle, enticing introduction to programming and the design of mechanical artifacts. This paper introduces LEGOsheets, a rule-based programming environment that allows children to simulate and manipulate the LEGO Programmable Brick.