cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The SCEC/USGS Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise

Numerical simulations of earthquake rupture dynamics are now common, yet it has been difficult to test the validity of thesesimulations because there have been few field observations and no analytic solutions with which to compare the results. This paper describes the Southern California Earthquake Center/U.S. Geological Surve(SCEC/USGS) Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise, where codes that simulate spontaneous rupture dynamics in three dimensions are evaluated and the results produced by these codes are compared using Web-based tools. This is the first time that a broad and rigorous examination of numerous spontaneous rupture codes has been performed—a significant advance in this science. The automated process developed to attain this achievement provides for a future where testing of codes is easily accomplished. Scientists who use computer simulations to understand earthquakes utilize a range of techniques. Most of these assume that earthquakes are caused by slip at depth on faults in the Earth, but hereafter the strategies vary. Among the methods used in earthquake mechanics studies are kinematic approaches and dynamic approaches. The kinematic approach uses a computer code that prescribes the spatial and temporal evolution of slip on the causative fault (or faults). These types of simulations are very helpful, especially since they can be used in seismic data inversions to relate the ground motions recorded in the field to slip on the fault(s) at depth. However, these kinematic solutions generally provide no insight into the physics driving the fault slip or information about why the involved fault(s) slipped that much (or that little). In other words, these kinematic solutions may lack information about the physical dynamics of earthquake rupture that will be most helpful in forecasting future events. To help address this issue, some researchers use computer codes to numerically simulate earthquakes and construct dynamic, spontaneous rupture (hereafter called “spontaneous rupture”) solutions. For these types of numerical simulations, rather than prescribing the slip function at each location on the fault(s), just the friction constitutive properties and initial stress conditions are prescribed. The subsequent stresses and fault slip spontaneously evolve over time as part of the elasto-dynamic solution. Therefore, spontaneous rupture computer simulations of earthquakes allow us to include everything that we know, or think that we know, about earthquake dynamics and to test these ideas against earthquake observations.
Maslach Burnout Inventory: Factor Structures for Samples of Teachers

There is evidence that the original Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales may be improved by tailoring the factor structure and norms for individual professions within the original group. To determin...
Reconstructing the infected aortic root with antibiotic impregnated biological glue.

Prosthetic valve dehiscence and persistent infection are two complications following reconstruction of the aortic root in destructive endocarditis. A technique is described involving the principles of aggressive debridement, closure of large abscess cavities with biological material incorporating a slurry of antibiotic-impregnated biological sealant, and replacement of the aortic valve with an aortic allograft valve. This strategy appears to have been successful in preventing persistent endocarditis and valve dehiscence in a limited number of patients. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12292 (J Card Surg 2014;29:340–342)
Biimidazol‐2‐yl–BF2 complexes

Nonfluorescent 4,4′,5,5′-tetramethyl- and 4,5,4′,5′-bistetramethylene biimidazol-2-yls 5 and 6 combined with boron trifluoride to give the tetramethyl and bistetramethylenebiimidazol-2-yl–BF2 complexes 9 and 10 isolated as strongly fluorescent BF3 salts, λf (dichloromethane): 377 nm Φ 0.93 and 386 nm Φ 0.90. Similarly, fluorescent bibenzimidazol-2-yl 7, λf (ethanol), 370 nm Φ 0.14, gave a BF2 complex 11 isolated as a BF3 salt λf (ethanol), 417 nm Φ 0.68.
Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008.

Background & Aims Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We assessed changes in the prevalence of different types of CLD in the United States. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 1988 and 2008 were used to estimate changes in the prevalence and predictors of CLDs. Serologic and clinical data were used to establish the diagnoses of CLDs in 39,500 adults. Statistical analyses were conducted with SUDAAN 10.0 (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC). Results The prevalence rates for CLD were 11.78% (1988–1994), 15.66% (1999–2004), and 14.78% (2005–2008). During the same period, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection (0.36%, 0.33%, and 0.34%), hepatitis C virus (1.95%, 1.97%, and 1.68%), and alcoholic liver disease (1.38%, 2.21%, and 2.05%) remained generally stable. In contrast, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increased from 5.51% to 9.84% to 11.01%. From 1988 to 1994, NAFLD accounted for 46.8% of CLD cases; from 1994 to 2004 its prevalence increased to 62.84%, and then to 75.1% from 2005 to 2008. During these time periods, steady increases were observed in obesity (21.74%, 30.02%, and 33.22%), visceral obesity (35.18%, 48.16%, and 51.43%), type II diabetes (5.55%, 7.88%, and 9.11%), insulin resistance (23.29%, 32.50%, and 35.00%), and hypertension (22.68%, 33.11%, and 34.08%). A multivariate analysis showed that during all time periods, obesity was an independent predictor of NAFLD. Conclusions National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data collected from 1988 to 2008 show that the prevalence of major causes of CLD remained stable, except for NAFLD, which increased steadily, along with the prevalence of metabolic conditions. Given the increasing rates of obesity, NAFLD prevalence is expected to contribute substantially to the burden of CLD in the United States.
A visit to the true cost bistro

A Visit to the True Cost Bistro was written to provoke thought about the unappreciated nature of what economists call externalities. At its core, this theatrical vignette is about consumption and the decisions we make with little or no concern for their social and environmental impacts. Performances invariably lead to vibrant discussions about globalism, sustainability, invasive species, economics, poverty and privilege, and the role of government, to name a few. Although it is based on science, A Visit to the True Cost Bistro is more a creative endeavor than academic essay.
Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data

Abstract The objective of this research is to develop a global remote sensing evapotranspiration (ET) algorithm based on Cleugh et al.'s [Cleugh, H.A., R. Leuning, Q. Mu, S.W. Running (2007) Regional evaporation estimates from flux tower and MODIS satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment 106, page 285–304- 2007 (doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.007).] Penman–Monteith based ET (RS-PM). Our algorithm considers both the surface energy partitioning process and environmental constraints on ET. We use ground-based meteorological observations and remote sensing data from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to estimate global ET by (1) adding vapor pressure deficit and minimum air temperature constraints on stomatal conductance; (2) using leaf area index as a scalar for estimating canopy conductance; (3) replacing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index with the Enhanced Vegetation Index thereby also changing the equation for calculation of the vegetation cover fraction (FC); and (4) adding a calculation of soil evaporation to the previously proposed RS-PM method. We evaluate our algorithm using ET observations at 19 AmeriFlux eddy covariance flux towers. We calculated ET with both our Revised RS-PM algorithm and the RS-PM algorithm using Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO v. 4.0.0) meteorological data and compared the resulting ET estimates with observations. Results indicate that our Revised RS-PM algorithm substantially reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) of the 8-day latent heat flux (LE) averaged over the 19 towers from 64.6 W/m2 (RS-PM algorithm) to 27.3 W/m2 (Revised RS-PM) with tower meteorological data, and from 71.9 W/m2 to 29.5 W/m2 with GMAO meteorological data. The average LE bias of the tower-driven LE estimates to the LE observations changed from 39.9 W/m2 to − 5.8 W/m2 and from 48.2 W/m2 to − 1.3 W/m2 driven by GMAO data. The correlation coefficients increased slightly from 0.70 to 0.76 with the use of tower meteorological data. We then apply our Revised RS-PM algorithm to the globe using 0.05° MODIS remote sensing data and reanalysis meteorological data to obtain the annual global ET (MODIS ET) for 2001. As expected, the spatial pattern of the MODIS ET agrees well with that of the MODIS global terrestrial gross and net primary production (MOD17 GPP/NPP), with the highest ET over tropical forests and the lowest ET values in dry areas with short growing seasons. This MODIS ET product provides critical information on the regional and global water cycle and resulting environment changes.
GROUPWISE DENSITY CANNOT BE MUCH BIGGER THAN THE UNBOUNDED NUMBER

We prove that g (the groupwise density number) is smaller or equal to b+, the successor of the minimal cardinality of an unbounded subset of ! !. This is true even for the version of g for groupwise dense ideals.
Prevention of Intractable Partial Seizures by Intermittent Vagal Stimulation in Humans: Preliminary Results

Intermittent stimulation of the vagus nerve in four patients resulted in complete seizure control in two, a 40% reduction of seizure frequency in one, and no change in seizure frequency in the other. Side effects (hoarseness, stimulation sensation in the neck, and hiccups) were transient and occurred concomitantly with stimulation. All patients tolerated increasing stimulation parameters well. The results, however, are inconclusive because of the brief duration (6-12 months) of follow-up. Vagal stimulation represents a novel approach for seizure control in patients who have intractable epilepsy, but additional studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of the procedure and to define selection criteria for patients.
Clinical Cancer Advances 2008: Major Research Advances in Cancer Treatment, Prevention, and Screening—A Report From the American Society of Clinical Oncology

A MESSAGE FROM ASCO'S PRESIDENT Nearly 40 years ago, President Richard Nixon signed the National Cancer Act, mobilizing the country's resources to make the “conquest of cancer a national crusade.” That declaration led to a major investment in cancer research that has significantly improved cancer prevention, treatment, and survival. As a result, two thirds of people diagnosed with cancer today will live at least 5 years after diagnosis, compared with just half in the 1970s. In addition, there are now more than 12 million cancer survivors in the United States—up from 3 million in 1971. Scientifically, we have never been in a better position to advance cancer treatment. Basic scientific research, fueled in recent years by the tools of molecular biology, has generated unprecedented knowledge of cancer development. We now understand many of the cellular pathways that can lead to cancer. We have learned how to develop drugs that block those pathways; increasingly, we know how to personalize therapy to the uniq...
On‐line measurement of the RMS radius of gyration and molecular weight of polyimide precursor fractions eluting from a size‐exclusion chromatograph

The dimensions of the polyimide precursor prepared from meta-diethyl ester of pyromellitic dianhydride and from para-phenylenediamine were measured by SEC using a multiangle scattering detector. The dependence of the root mean square radius of gyration on the molecular weight was compared with that predicted for a freely rotating chain, and with other similar polymers measured with hydrodynamic techniques.
Multiplexed fiber Fabry-Perot temperature sensor system using white-light interferometry

A novel monitoring system for a fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) temperature sensor has yielded a resolution of 0.013 °C (0.0025 fringe). Light from a broadband source passes through a scanned Michelson interferometer and is reflected from a FFPI to produce a fringe pattern, the temporal position of which is proportional to a change in the optical length of the fiber interferometer. A second Michelson interferometer with a distributed-feedback laser source is used to correct for variations in the translation rate of the motor-driven scanning mirror. Coherence multiplexing of three such sensors has also been demonstrated.
Coping and Adaptation in Pediatric Cancer: Current Perspectives

Over the past decade research on coping in pediatric cancer has continued to highlight both the range of factors affecting individual responses and the persisting need for good clinical evaluation and intervention to support optimal functioning. Coping is a fluid process that is a transaction between the person and the environment – affected by one’s age, personality, experiences, and situational demands. Coping in the context of cancer requires acknowledging the threat cancer poses and the demands of cancer treatment while at the same time managing emotional reactions and maintaining essential aspects of the child’s or family member’s identity and role in the family and community. Sensitive, experienced clinicians can distinguish reactions indicative of poor coping and unstable emotional status from the appropriate and expected expression of “clinically relevant distress.” Recent research has highlighted both the potential traumatic sequelae of pediatric cancer and the impressive resilience shown by many patients and families. Improved assessment options and interventions aimed at fostering parent and patient skills in mastering troubling demands of pediatric cancer care offer hope, but the field has room for future research into how to more fully meet the ongoing need for enhanced coping to reduce patient and family distress during pediatric cancer care.
A Hierarchical Model for Distributed Attacks

In this chapter, we present a model to represent distributed attacks based on the concept of system view presented in Chapter 3. However, instead of developing a completely new model, we extend a model named ARMD [Lin et al., 1998, Lin, 1998], which was developed for host-based intrusion detection. There are several other models that could be used instead of ARMD, including rule based languages (e.g., P-BEST [Lindqvist and Porras, 1999] and RUSSEL [Mounji et al., 1995]), the State Transition Analysis Tool (STAT) [Il-gun et al., 1995, Vigna and Kermmerer, 1998, Vigna and Kemmerer, 1999], and the Colored Petri Automata (CPA) [Kumar, 1995, Kumar and Spafford, 1994].
The gathering of a commodity through a periodic marketing ring

A dynamic economic analysis of a single isolated periodic marketing ring is given. The analysis determines a trajectory for the vector of prices, commodity flows, and stored amounts from an appropriate set of initial conditions. Under certain conditions on the slopes of the various supply and demand functions in the system, the ring has a unique equilibrium state, and that state is asymptotically stable.
A field investigation of flight anxiety: evidence of gender differences in consumer behaviors among Las Vegas passengers

Purpose: This study examines how anxious the Las Vegas public is through a case study of one local international airport. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study examines gender differences in consumer behaviors among the flying public inside Las Vegas McCarran International Airport in a field experiment theoretically grounded in Terror Management Theory. Findings and Originality/Value: Because airports are replete with reminders of human mortality, it is not a surprise that death awareness and flight anxiety may be closely related. The flying public that is anxious to fly presents an interesting public relations situation for airports. Therefore, this study examines how anxious the Las Vegas public is through a case study of one local international airport. Results show that flight anxiety does provoke the same kind of existential defenses that traditional death awareness does. This study also suggests that men and women do not react to flight anxiety in a uniform way, they are different in their reactions in seeking to gamble, eating unhealthy food, and an increased desire for electronic entertainment.
Distribution of Diminished Brain Microstructure in Parkinson's Disease: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study of the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (S22.003)

Objective: To determine whether a systematic degradation of cerebral microstructural integrity in Parkinson9s disease (PD) can be detected with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in an international multicenter setting (the Parkinson9s Progression Marker Initiative, PPMI). Background PPMI is a landmark clinical study aiming to identify biomarkers of PD progression. Here, we report initial investigations of systematic differences in DTI between PD patients and control subjects. Design/Methods: DTI data were obtained in 15 de-novo PD patients (age: 61.5 ± 8.6 years, 10 men, 5 women) and 23 control subjects (age: 57.8 ± 12.7 years, 16 men, 7 women) from 6 different MRI sites (Austria, Germany, USA) and processed and analyzed centrally. PD patients had on average movement deficits of 22 ± 6 points on the UPDRS Part III scale and Hoehn and Yahr staging of 2 or less. Moreover, PD patients and controls scored comparably on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The DTI summary measure of fractional anisotropy (FA) was evaluated voxel-by-voxel to achieve a regionally unbiased assessment, after the maps were morphed into a normalized brain atlas space for a group analysis. Results: PD patients showed significant (p Conclusions: The findings imply that PD is associated with a characteristic pattern of diminished microstructural integrity, involving movement control regions. Furthermore, this pattern of FA reduction is different from the one associated primarily with aging and potentially has diagnostic value. The results further demonstrate that DTI alterations in PD can be measured in a multicenter setting. Supported by: The Michael J Fox foundation for Parkinson9s Research. Disclosure: Dr. Schuff has received research support from Eisai-Pfizer, Sanofi, adn Neurochem. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Buckley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seibyl has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Healthcare and GE healthcare as a consultant. Dr. Seibyl holds stock and/or stock options in Molecular Neuroimaging. Dr. Marek holds stock and/or stock options in Molecular Neuroimaging, which sponsored research in which Dr. Marek was involved as an investigator.
Did the Pliocene Horse Pliohippus Eat Hackberries

While collecting the skull and partial skeleton of an early Pliocene Pliohippus from the semi-consolidated Ogallala sands near Rosebud Agency, Todd County, South Dakota, the authors found a large number of Celtis seeds intermixed with …
Application of active dry yeast and α-amylase in the production of rice wine from indica rice and black-skin red Qu

Based on the production technology of traditional rice wine,active dry yeast and α-amylase were used to produce novel rice wine with indica rice and black-skin red Qu.The results showed that the liquor yield was increased by 22.42%,the acidity was decrease,and the taste was evidently improved.The production technique was easy to follow and the cost was low,which could bring more economy benefits for rice wine factory.
Fermat point for a triangle in three dimensions using the taxicab metric

This article explores the process of finding the Fermat point for a triangle ABC in three dimensions. Three examples are presented in detail using geometrical methods. A delightfully simple general method is then presented that requires only the comparison of coordinates of the vertices A, B and C.
WITHDRAWN: Optimization of the Radiation Management of High-Risk Prostate Cancer

Available online The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2016.08.009 . The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
Blockade of deubiquitylating enzyme Rpn11 triggers apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and overcomes bortezomib resistance

Proteasome inhibition is an effective therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) patients; however, the emergence of drug resistance is common. Novel therapeutic strategies to overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance are needed. In this study, we examined whether targeting deubiquitylating (DUB) enzymes upstream of 20S proteasome overcomes proteasome inhibitor resistance. Gene expression analysis, immunohistochemical studies of MM patient bone marrow, reverse transcription-PCR and protein analysis show that Rpn11/POH1, a DUB enzyme upstream of 20S proteasome, is more highly expressed in patient MM cells than in normal plasma cells. Importantly, Rpn11 expression directly correlates with poor patient survival. Loss-of-function studies show that Rpn11-siRNA knockdown decreases MM cell viability. Pharmacological inhibition of Rpn11 with O-phenanthroline (OPA) blocks cellular proteasome function, induces apoptosis in MM cells and overcomes resistance to proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Mechanistically, Rpn11 inhibition in MM cells activates caspase cascade and endoplasmic stress response signaling. Human MM xenograft model studies demonstrate that OPA treatment reduces progression of tumor growth and prolongs survival in mice. Finally, blockade of Rpn11 increases the cytotoxic activity of anti-MM agents lenalidomide, pomalidomide or dexamethasone. Overall, our preclinical data provide the rationale for targeting DUB enzyme Rpn11 upstream of 20S proteasome to enhance cytotoxicity and overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance in MM.
Evaluation of mutation in BRCA1 gene with clinico-pathological features among the breast cancer patients of eastern India.

e13114Background: BRCA1 gene mutations immensely increase the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) among women. The motivation behind this study was to focus on the pathological aspects of BC patients with and without a BRCA1 mutation, and to study in detail the clinical diversities in Eastern Indian population. Methods: The clinical characteristics of 231 BC patients along with tumor size, grade, lympho-vascular invasion LVI, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and Her2/neu status were studied. BRCA1 mutation was detected by multiplex PCR, AS-PCR and direct sequencing. Functional effects of mutations were confirmed by in-silico analysis and m-RNA folding. Results: Out of 231 patients (age range: 26–77 years) with family history (FH) (130 individuals) and without FH (101 individuals) were screened. Average age of 231 patients was 48.40±11.32 years. We found 58.44% patients experienced early onset of disease ( < 45yrs). The two founder mutations 185delAG in BRCA1 and 6174delT ...
Mobile health apps and recovery after surgery: What are patients willing to do?

Abstract Background Mobile health technologies (mHealth) may improve post-operative care but it is unknown if patients are willing to use this technology. Methods We surveyed 800 NY State residents to determine their willingness to engage in mHealth after surgery and compared socioeconomic factors that may affect willingness to engage. Results A majority of respondents reported willingness to wear a tracker on their wrist (80.6%), fill out a survey (74.3%), send pictures of their wound to their surgeon (66.3%), and share updates with friends/family (59.1%). Older age was associated with lower likelihood of having a smartphone, but not associated with willingness to engage with other features. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with lower likelihood of wearing a tracker while Black race was associated with lower willingness to send pictures. Conclusions Overall, potential users of mHealth are interested and willing to use mHealth. Older respondents are as willing as younger respondents to engage with mHealth. Individuals with Hispanic ethnicity and Black race may be less willing to engage and therefore may require education regarding benefits of this technology.
Innate Immune Response and Outcome of Clostridium difficile Infection Are Dependent on Fecal Bacterial Composition in the Aged Host.

Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a serious threat for an aging population. Using an aged mouse model, we evaluated the effect of age and the roles of innate immunity and intestinal microbiota. Methods Aged (18 months) and young (8 weeks) mice were infected with C difficile, and disease severity, immune response, and intestinal microbiome were compared. The same experiment was repeated with intestinal microbiota exchange between aged and young mice before infection. Results Higher mortality was observed in aged mice with weaker neutrophilic mobilization in blood and intestinal tissue and depressed proinflammatory cytokines in early infection. Microbiota exchange improved survival and early immune response in aged mice. Microbiome analysis revealed that aged mice have significant deficiencies in Bacteroidetes phylum and, specifically, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and rc4-4 genera, which were replenished by cage switching. Conclusions Microbiota-dependent alteration in innate immune response early on during infection may explain poor outcome in aged host with CDI.
Haemodynamic profiles of children with end-stage heart failure

Aims To evaluate associations between haemodynamic profiles and symptoms, end-organ function and outcome in children listed for heart transplantation. Methods and results Children 15 mmHg), 28% had severe congestion (PCWP >22 mmHg), and 22% low cardiac output (CI < 2.2 L/min/m2). Twenty-one per cent met the primary outcome of death (9%) or clinical deterioration (12%). In multivariable analysis, worse NYHA/Ross classification was associated with increased PCWP [odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-1.07, P = 0.01], renal dysfunction with increased RAP (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.08, P = 0.007), and hepatic dysfunction with both increased PCWP (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, P < 0.001) and increased RAP (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.12, P < 0.001). There were no associations with low output. Death or clinical deterioration was associated with severe congestion (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2, P = 0.002), but not with CI alone. However, children with both low output and severe congestion were at highest risk (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.5, P = 0.03). Conclusion Congestion is more common than low cardiac output in children with end-stage heart failure and correlates with NYHA/Ross classification and end-organ dysfunction. Children with both congestion and low output have the highest risk of death or clinical deterioration.
Multiphysics Coupling of Three-Phase and Two-Phase Models of Flow in Porous Media

In this paper we show that multiphysics couplings for the simulation of multiphase flow can be realized without loss of accuracy and with decreased computational complexity when compared to single model codes. Specifically, we address the couplings of oil-gas-water models of flow in porous media. An interface is introduced between three-phase and two-phase regions and the problem is solved by combining local simpler solutions coupled with conditions across the interface. Here we discuss issues of matching of variables across the interface and show computational results which demonstrate efficiency and accuracy of the coupling.
The use of plant cell biotechnology for the production of phytochemicals

In this chapter, we bring together up-to-date information concerning plant cell biotechnology and its applications. Because plants contain many valuable secondary metabolites that are useful as drug sources (pharmaceuticals), natural fungicides and insecticides (agrochemicals), natural food flavorings and coloring agents (nutrition), and natural fragrances and oils (cosmetics), the production of these phytochemicals through plant cell factories is an alternative and concurrent approach to chemical synthesis. It also provides an alternative to extraction of these metabolites from overcollected plant species. While plant cell cultures provide a viable system for the production of these compounds in laboratories, its application in industry is still limited due to frequently low yields of the metabolites of interest or the feasibility of the bioprocess. A number of factors may contribute to the efficiency of plant cells to produce desired compounds. Genetic stability of cell lines, optimization of culture condition, tissue-diverse vs. tissue-specific site-specific localization and biosynthesis of metabolites, organelle targeting, and inducible vs. constitutive expression of specific genes should all be taken into consideration when designing a plant-based production system. The major aims for engineering secondary metabolism in plant cells are to increase the content of desired secondary compounds, to lower the levels of undesirable compounds, and to introduce novel compound production into specific plants. Recent achievements have also been made in altering various metabolic pathways by use of specific genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes or genes that encode regulatory proteins. Gene and metabolic engineering approaches are now being used to successfully achieve highest possible levels of value-added natural products in plant cell cultures. Applications through functional genomics and systems biology make plant cell biotechnology much more straightforward and more attractive than through previous, more traditional approaches.
Development of an In Situ Test System for Detection of Mutagens in the Workplace

Air pollutants in the form of particles, gases, or vapors can exist in the occupational setting or in a defined environment. Such pollutants can be caused by the end products, by-products, or materials used in industrial processes. If any of the pollutants are mutagenic, they may pose carcinogenic and genotoxic hazards to the exposed population. Mutagenic monitoring of the workplace environment can be used to determine whether workers are being exposed to mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic compounds. The results of mutagenic monitoring studies can be used to guide human genetic monitoring, epidemiology, and industrial hygiene studies. Efforts can be made immediately to reduce the exposure of workers to mutagenic compounds on a generic control basis.
Panic Disorder as an Emotional Disorder

This article briefly summarizes the phenomenology of panic disorder and reviews the experimental evidence and theoretical constructs addressing the underlying pathophysiology. The development of heuristic neuroanatomical models for panic disorder has been guided by the well-described neurobiology of conditioned fear and the stress response. Clinical studies on panic disorder have included symptom provocation paradigms, survey of the genome for relevant functional polymorphisms, and the application of multiple brain-imaging modalities. The convergence of data from diverse research disciplines has led to reasonable and testable predictions about brain functioning in panic disorder. Ultimately, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of panic disorder should offer improved therapeutic approaches for this disabling disorder.
Original Research: Physician–Patient Relationships Among the Lesbian and Gay Community

Objective: To document the concerns, perceptions, and experiences gays and lesbians bring to the physician–patient relationship, including their perspectives related to disclosure of sexual orientation. Design: Completion of a 64-item survey instrument. Setting: Participants were recruited through community-based health care and social service organizations serving the lesbian and gay community. Subjects: 575 lesbians and gay men, primarily from the New York metropolitan area. Measurements: Responses to questionnaire consisting of 64 scaled, multiple choice, and open-ended questions. Results: Most (87%) reported that their primary health care provider gives them the same quality of care as heterosexual patients, treats them with respect equal to heterosexual patients (87%), and is sensitive to gay and lesbian concerns (71%). Although 70% disclosed their sexual orientation to their provider, only 29% were asked their sexual orientation by their provider. Among reasons for nondisclosure, 47% were concerned about bad reaction or treatment. A sizable minority (17%) avoided or delayed seeking health care because of reasons having to do with their sexual orientation. Conclusions: The data demonstrate significant problem areas in physician-initiated communication about sexual orientation; in concerns about antigay discrimination in health care, insurance, and employment; and in avoidance of health services. It is hypothesized that these results represent a baseline for the most favorable health care environments for gays and lesbians. This study also highlights the importance of training medical students and clinicians to communicate better with patients, conduct in-depth sexual and family histories, and consider issues related to sexual orientation and homophobia, including identifying and confronting personal and institutional bias.
One-body Langevin dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

We present a new framework to treat the dissipation and fluctuation dynamics associated with nucleon-nucleon scattering in heavy-ion collisions. The two-body collision processes are effectively described in terms of the diffusion of nucleons in viscous nuclear media, governed by a set of Langevin equations in momentum space. The new framework combined with the usual mean field dynamics can be used to simulate heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies. As a proof of principle, we simulate Au + Au reactions and obtain results consistent with other existing codes under the same constrained conditions. We also study the formation of fragments in Sn + Sn reactions at 50 MeV/nucleon, and results are discussed and compared with two other models commonly employed for collisions.
Status of the name Argolis in Insecta.

The purpose of the present notice is to identify and clarify a case of mistaken homonymy surrounding the name Argolis , pertaining to Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera. It is here demonstrated that “ Argolis ” (Boisduval 1836: 2) is an incorrect original spelling of Ergolis Boisduval, 1836 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae); therefore, Argolis Stal, 1861 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is the valid senior synonym of Caunus Stal, 1865, while Argolis Chapuis, 1874 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) remains a junior homonym. The following details summarize the situation:
γδ T cells for immunotherapy.

In this issue of Blood, de Weerdt et al report that in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, the γδ T cells are functionally compromised. These γδ T cells can recover their function and demonstrate cytotoxicity against tumor cells after in vitro activation/expansion and/or ibrutinib treatment, which can be further explored as immunotherapy for CLL patients.
Many-core graph workload analysis

Graph applications have specific characteristics that are not common in other application domains and therefore require thorough analysis to guide future graph processing hardware design. In this paper, we analyze multiple graph applications on current multi and many-core processors, and provide conclusions and recommendations for future designs. We restate well-known characteristics of graph applications, such as a low compute to memory ratio and irregular memory access patterns, but we also provide new important insights on executing graph applications on many-core processors. Our main novel observations are (i) some memory streams do show locality, while others show no locality, (ii) thread imbalance becomes a major problem with many threads, and (iii) many threads are required to saturate high-bandwidth memories. The first observation calls for a selective memory access policy, where accesses with locality are cached and prefetched, while accesses without locality can remain uncached to save cache capacity, and can fetch only one element from memory instead of a full cache line to save on memory bandwidth. The last two observations are contradicting: more threads are needed, but they are not used efficiently due to thread imbalance. Our recommendation is therefore to thoroughly revise the graph analysis algorithms to provide more scalable parallelism to be able to exploit the potential of many-core architectures with high-bandwidth memory. In addition, providing a few high-performance cores can speed up sections with low parallelism.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITY: THE CONCEPT "ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY" IN RELATION WITH THE CONCEPT OF "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION"

The paper discusses the current problems of the Russian environmental law related to the need of improving the mechanism for the legal regulation of environmental activities in the Russian Federation. The authors emphasize importance of environmental problems and need for serious systematic work of state bodies, as well as participation of civil society to solve them. The need for an organizational and legal framework, which should be the foundation of all nature protection activities, is noted. Analyzing the state of environmental legislation, the authors conclude that, despite a large number of regulatory acts, the environmental and legal mechanism of the Russian state is not entirely effective. Justifying their position, the authors focus their attention on technical, legal and theoretical problems of the mechanism of legal regulation of nature protection activities. Among the existing problems, the authors highlight systemic problems of environmental legislation, the essence of which is the duplication and absence of internal unity of regulatory material. The reasons for this are chaotic work of the legislator and the lack of a single long-term plan for his work in the field of environmental protection. In addition to the above-mentioned problem, there is another problem of interpretation of such terms as "environmental safety", "ensuring environmental safety" and " environmental protection". All have been well analyzed. The need for resolving these issues for the practice of environmental activities, as well as their academic significance, is explained. The paper presents doctrinal points of view, as well as the author's position on the causes of some debatable issues in the scientific environment. The authors propose a solution. The features of the legislative consolidation of the terms of "environmental protection" and "ensuring environmental safety" are noted. According to the authors, it does not contribute to the development of a unified opinion on their correlation and creates the prerequisites for further discussions. In general, the authors conclude on imperfection of the legal mechanism regulating relations in the sphere of environmental protection.
Necropsy Techniques in Cattle

Necropsy is used to diagnos disease in individual animals and to make decisions about the health and management of the herd. Veterinary technicians can and should participate in the performance of necropsy in cattle. Prior to beginning a necropsy, the veterinarian and technician should discuss which systems will be of particular interest during the necropsy examination, based on the history of the animal and the herd. The nearest veterinary diagnostic laboratory can describe which samples should be submitted for diagnosis of particular diseases, and how samples should be shipped to the lab. The most important tools for bovine necropsy are a sharp knife, pruning shears and a good working knowledge of the anatomy of cattle. It is always best to perform the necropsy as soon as possible after death, especially when the weather is warm. In both the chest and the abdomen, internal organs should first be examined as they lay in the body cavity; then they may be removed for further examination. Cattle with neurologic signs that test negative for rabies must be tested for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, which requires submission of the obex area of the brainstem to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. A thorough examination of an animal by gross necropsy can provide useful information in a relatively short time. Veterinary technicians can make a meaningful contribution to their practices by providing assistance with necropsy procedures.
Optical beam steering by using tunable, narrow-linewidth butt-coupled hybrid lasers in a silicon nitride photonics platform

Chip-scale, tunable narrow-linewidth hybrid integrated diode lasers based on quantum-dot RSOAs at 1.3 μm are demonstrated through butt-coupling to a silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit. The hybrid laser linewidth is around 85 kHz, and the tuning range is around 47 nm. Then, a fully integrated beam steerer is demonstrated by combining the tunable diode laser with a waveguide surface grating. Our system can provide beam steering of 4.1° in one direction by tuning the wavelength of the hybrid laser. Besides, a wavelength-tunable triple-band hybrid laser system working at ∼1, ∼1.3, and ∼1.55 μm bands is demonstrated for wide-angle beam steering in a single chip.
Analysis of recurrent hypoglycemic events

Hypoglycemia is a major safety concern for diabetic patients. Hypoglycemic events can be modeled based on time to recurrent events or count data. In this article, we evaluated a gamma frailty model with variance estimated by the inverse of observed Fisher information matrix, a gamma frailty model with the sandwich variance estimator, and a piecewise negative binomial regression model. Simulations showed that the sandwich variance estimator performed better when the frailty model is mis-specified, and the piecewise negative binomial regression sometimes fails to converge. All three methods were applied to a dataset from a clinical trial evaluating insulin treatments.
Could Humor in Health Care Become Malpractice

Humor in the practice of medicine carries with it both benefits and inherent risks. Included within the risks are legal risks. Traditional causes of action involving the use of humor are breach of contract
Intersubband Relaxation in CdSe Colloidal Quantum Wells.

The dynamics of intersubband relaxation are critical to quantum well technologies such as quantum cascade lasers and quantum well infrared photodetectors. Here, intersubband relaxation in CdSe coll...
Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With PEEK Versus Titanium Cranioplasty Reconstruction.

Background Several materials are available for cranioplasty reconstruction and consensus regarding the ideal material is lacking. The goal of this study is to present surgical and patient-reported outcomes with PEEK versus Titanium alloplastic cranioplasty. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent alloplastic cranioplasty with PEEK or Titanium from 2010 to 2017 was conducted. Patient demographics and complications were abstracted and analyzed. Information regarding patient-reported outcomes was collected through a telephone survey. Results A total of 72 patients (median age 55 years) who underwent 77 cranioplasties were identified (38% PEEK, n = 29; 62% Titanium, n = 48). Overall complication rates were similar between the PEEK (24%, n = 7) and Titanium groups (23%, n = 11), P = 0.902. Similarly, implant failure was similar between the 2 groups (7% in PEEK (n = 2), 13% in Titanium (n = 6), P = 0.703). History of radiation was associated with increased rate of infection in patients with Titanium mesh cranioplasty (38% in radiated patients (n = 3), 3% in nonradiated patients (n = 1), P = 0.012) but not PEEK implants (0% infection rate in radiated patients (n = 0), 15% in nonradiated patients (n = 4), P = 1.000). A total of 24 patients (33% response rate) participated in the telephone survey. All PEEK cranioplasty patients who responded to our survey (n = 13) reported good to excellent satisfaction, while 72% of our titanium mesh cohort (n = 8) described good or excellent satisfaction and 27% (n = 3) reported acceptable result. Conclusion Cranial reconstruction is associated with high satisfaction among cranioplasty patients with PEEK or Titanium showing comparable complications, failure, and patient-reported satisfaction rates. Patients with history of radiotherapy demonstrated a higher infection rate when titanium mesh was used.
Optimal boundary conditions for model based brain shift simulation in deep brain stimulation surgery

Brain shift is a confounder to the accuracy of electrode lead placement during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Model based image updating method can compensate for brain shift with high efficiency and accuracy. A key element to achieving clinically accepted accuracy using our biomechanical brain model is designating rigorous boundary conditions (BCs) that define general physics of the model. In this retrospective study, we searched for a set of six optimal BCs such as gravitational direction and level of CSF for our model to simulate accurate brain shift in DBS lead placement surgery. Specifically, we conducted 9072 trials of brain shift simulation with varying boundary conditions and deep brain sparse data for three training cases and applied these parameters to three testing cases for evaluation. The optimal set of parameters was determined based on lowest target registration error (TRE) evaluated at five deep brain landmarks near the subthalamus area. We show that simulations with optimal BCs compensated 61.28% and 50.06% of brain shift on average in two of the three testing cases where large brain deformation occurred and 26.5% in one testing case of small brain shift. In comparison, optimal BCs delivered consistent and accurate prediction of brain shift at all deep brain landmarks in both training and testing cases whereas default sets of BCs produced similar results at some landmarks but underperformed for the rest. With only deep brain sparse data and a set of optimal BCs, our biomechanical brain model can achieve significant brain shift compensation in DBS cases and Its clinical utility will be examined in surgical cases in future OR.
Prognostic role of lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in patients treated with CAR-T for aggressive lymphoma.

7558Background: A low absolute lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (ALC/AMC) has been found to predict decreased survival in lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy and stem cell transplant. We report it...
Group Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Integrating Theories, Research, and Practice

The authors of Group Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Psychotherapy (GPIP) have written a book that integrates interpersonal and psychoanalytic/dynamic theories, provides extensive clinical examples thr...