cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three Conceptual Themes for Future Research on Teams

Excerpt] Tannenbaum, Mathieu, Salas, and Cohen (2011) identify three change themes – dynamic composition, technology/distance, and delayering/empowerment – that are affecting the nature of teams and discuss future research directions within each thematic area. They acknowledge that these emerging research needs may require new theories, research methods, and analyses and describe a few specific approaches that may hold promise, but focus their attention largely on describing the substantive issues and questions research should target going forward. We do not dispute that these themes are important – they are garnering substantial research attention (see Bell, 2007; Chen & Tesluk, in press; Kirkman, Gibson, & Kim, in press). However, they are among many issues that are in flux and important to consider in future research on teams. In this commentary, we adopt a broader perspective aimed at highlighting several conceptual, rather than substantive, themes that we believe can focus and leverage future research on the changing nature of teams. These conceptual themes are: (1) multilevel influences, (2) emergence, and (3) temporal dynamics. Sophisticated research questions and designs that encompass these conceptual issues will advance our understanding of the themes identified by Tannenbaum et al. (2011) as well as other emerging issues surrounding teams. In the following sections, we describe the three conceptual themes and then highlight the implications of these themes for future research on the changing nature of teams.
High-Efficiency Angled-Dipole Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Applications

A high-efficiency microstrip-fed endfire angled-dipole antenna has been developed for millimeter-wave phased array applications. The antenna is built on both sides of a Teflon substrate (epsivr = 2.2) and this allows a wideband feed from the single-ended microstrip line to the differential dipole. The design results in wide radiation patterns for scanning purposes with a gain of around 2.5 dB at 20-26 GHz and a cross-polarization level of 6 dB at 23.2-24.6 GHz and very low mutual coupling between elements ( 93% when referenced to the microstrip line feed (including mismatch loss). The usefulness of these antennas as phased array radiators is demonstrated by several eight-element linear arrays at 22-24 GHz with scan angle up to 50 degrees. The application areas are in automotive radars and high data-rate communication systems.
A Critical Review of the Technical Characteristics of New and Recently Revised Intelligence Tests for Preschool Children

This paper examined the psychometric properties of intelligence tests for preschoolers, including standardization, reliability, test floors, item gradients, and validity. The WPPSI-R, DAS, S-B:IV, ...
Participatory Dreaming: A Conceptual Exploration From a Unitary Appreciative Inquiry Perspective

Dreaming is a universal phenomenon in human experience and one that carries multiple meanings in the narrative discourse across disciplines. Dreams can be collective, communal, and emancipatory, as well as individual. While individual dreaming has been extensively studied in the literature, the participatory nature of dreaming as a unitary phenomenon is limited. The concept of participatory dreaming within a unitary appreciative framework for healing is explored from perspectives in anthropology, psychology, and nursing. A participatory model of dreaming is proposed from a synthesis of the literature for use in future research using unitary appreciative inquiry.
Redox regulation of cardiac calcium channels and transporters

Intracellular concentrations of redox-active molecules can significantly increase in the heart as a result of activation of specific signal transduction pathways or the development of certain pathophysiological conditions. Changes in the intracellular redox environment can affect many cellular processes, including the gating properties of ion channels and the activity of ion transporters. Because cardiac contraction is highly dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) and [Ca(2+)](i) regulation, redox modification of Ca(2+) channels and transporters has a profound effect on cardiac function. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release channel, or ryanodine receptor (RyR), is one of the well-characterized redox-sensitive ion channels in the heart. The redox modulation of RyR activity is mediated by the redox modification of sulfhydryl groups of cysteine residues. Other key components of cardiac excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling such as the SR Ca(2+) ATPase and L-type Ca(2+) channel are subject to redox modulation. Redox-mediated alteration of the activity of ion channels and pumps is directly involved in cardiac pathologies such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Significant bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation occur during reperfusion of the ischemic heart, and changes in the activity of the major components of [Ca(2+)](i) regulation, such as RyR, Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange and Ca(2+) ATPases, are likely to play an important role in ischemia-related Ca(2+) overload. This article summarizes recent findings on redox regulation of cardiac Ca(2+) transport systems and discusses contributions of this redox regulation to normal and pathological cardiac function.
Bypassing the abyssal benthic food web: Macrourid diet in the eastern North Pacific inferred from stomach content and stable isotopes analyses

Deep-sea fishes prey on benthic fauna and scavenge on the carcasses of surface-living animals. Few studies have addressed the relative importance of each trophic pathway. Recent documentation of inter-decadal fluctuations in macrourid densities in the abyssal Pacific, related to changing food supplies, hastens the need for information. We conducted stomach content and stable isotope analyses of two abyssal macrourids, carrion sources, and benthic prey, collected concurrently at 4100 m off California. Squid and fishes were the most frequent prey for Coryphaenoides armatus, with small crustaceans numerous in the diet of small specimens. The diet of Coryphaenoides yaquinae included more benthic prey such as crustaceans, polychaetes, and the holothuroid Protankyra brychia. Carrion was present in both species and it was 69% of the mass of food of large C. armatus. Carrion d 15 N values were comparable to those in abyssal deposit feeders, but carrion was relatively enriched in 13 C, giving it a unique isotopic signature compared to benthic prey sources. The highest d 13 C and d 15 N values were observed in benthic shrimps and large polychaetes. The two macrourids had intermediate values, with C. armatus having slightly but significantly lower d15N relative to C. yaquinae. Results of isotope mass balance suggest that carrion was the most important prey resource for both species but to a lesser extent in C. yaquinae. These two species bypass the conventional phytodetritus-based abyssal food web for much of their nutrition. Their population dynamics may be tied more closely to fluctuations in epipelagic nekton populations through fishing effects and direct climatic forcing on top trophic levels.
Evidence of Abrupt Climatic Change During the Last 1,500 Years Recorded in Ice Cores from the Tropical Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru

Reliable observations of climatic variation prior to 1850 are limited or absent for many regions, especially South America. Ice sheet and ice caps can provide a valuable supplement to historical and other proxy records. The tropical Quelccaya ice cap in Peru (5,670m) has provided a 1500-year record of climatic variability. Abrupt climatic events are recorded in this ice by microparticle concentrations, conductivities and oxygen isotopes which are discussed in detail for three periods: A.D. 1928–1947, 1864–1905 and 1452–1550. These data suggest that both the onset and termination of the “Little Ice Age” were abrupt in tropical South America.
Extended-Resolution Reconstruction of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data

Microscope resolution can be extended through structured illumination followed by linear data processing. The possible resolution increase, determined by the highest spatial frequency of the effective illumination pattern, can be made theoretically infinite through nonlinearities.
Lead-210 Production by Nuclear Devices: 1946–1958

THE possible production of 210Pb during weapons testing by the reaction 208Pb (2n,γ) 210Pb was suggested by Peirson. et al.1, who observed unusually high ratios of 210Pb in tropospheric air in 1962 and 1963, and by Jaworowski2, who reported increased 210Pb concentrations in lichens and deer antlers in 1958–59 and 1962–63. On the other hand, Bhandari et al.3 and Crozaz4 found no corresponding increase in the amount of this isotope in air or glaciers, and Krey5 reported no unusually high levels of 210Pb in the stratosphere in 1966. Resolution of this conflict is important because it has been postulated6 that nuclear devices used in excavating a canal in Central America would produce 210Pb in amounts comparable with 90Sr–90Y as a radiological contaminant.
Stability of Five Liquid Drug Products After Unit Dose Repackaging

The room temperature stabilities of repackaged pentazocine hydrochloride injection, promethazine hydrochloride injection, haloperidol oral concentrate, phenytoin oral suspension, and isoetharine inhalation solution were determined. After being repackaged as unit doses in a Hy-Pod Hypodermic Syringe, Ped-Pod Oral Dispenser, or NebuJect Nebulizer Injector (all made by MPL, Inc., SoloPak Division), several containers of each drug were stored at room temperature. Isoetharine samples were assayed after 15 and 30 days, while samples of the other drugs were assayed after 90, 180, and 360 days. Also, separate samples of pentazocine and promethazine were stored at 40, 50, and 60 degrees C and were assayed after 15, 30, and 90 days. The long-range stabilities of the drugs stored at elevated temperatures were predicted using the Arrhenius technique. The results indicate that, under the conditions tested, isoetharine can be stored for at least 30 days at room temperature and promethazine, pentazocine, haloperidol, and phenytoin can be stored for at least a year, all with less than 10% loss in potency. Arrhenius data indicate that pentazocine injection probably would be stable at room temperature for much longer than the 360 days for which it was tested.
Nurse researchers' unique contributions to the field of genetics.

In a January 2009 editorial entitled ‘‘The Evolving Contribution of Nurse Researchers to Genetics, as Seen Through the Prism of Biological Research for Nursing,’’ I wrote that, in 1999, our authors were writing about the nurse’s role in genetics, but by 2009, they were writing articles about genetics methods and reports on genetics studies. Now, in 2015, nurse researchers have submitted far more genetics manuscripts than ever before. In fact, of the 49 manuscripts we accepted for publication in Biological Research for Nursing in the last year, 24% had a genetic component. As a nurse-physiologist, I am very pleased to see our progress in this area. In the current issue, we have compiled a sample of the genetics-focused manuscripts we have accepted for publication over the last year. While the medical profession has typically focused on the interaction of genes and disease, this issue demonstrates that many of our nurse authors have focused more on the interaction of genes and psychological or behavioral issues. These authors have concluded that
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn Ears in Central and South Florida, 1969-70

Chemical and biological insecticides were evaluated for control of Heliothis zea (Boddie) on sweet corn during 2 years in central and south Florida. CIBA C-9491 ( O -(2, 5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate), diazinon, Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate), Fundal® (N’-(4-chloro- o -tolyl)- N,N -dimethylformamidine hydrochloride, Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)vinyl dimethyl phosphate), methomyl, Monitor® ( O,S -dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate), parathion + methyl parathion, parathion + toxaphene, Phosvel® ( O -(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O -methyl phenylphosphonothioate), and Union Carbide UC-34096 (4-[[(dimethylamino)methylene]amino]- m -tolyl methylcarbamate hydrochloride) gave 95% or higher control when applied approximately daily, whereas certain other chemicals and the HD-1 Brownsville strain of Bacillus thyuringiensis Berliner were inadequate. Insecticides applied at less frequent intervals did not give adequate control.
Quantifying associations: understanding relative risks and odds ratios.

1. Katherine A. Connor, MD, MSPH 1. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. * Abbreviations: aOR: : adjusted odds ratio OR: : odds ratio RR: : relative risk UTI: : urinary tract infection During a prenatal visit, the couple asks you about the risks and benefits of circumcision. They have heard that circumcised boys are less likely to get urinary tract infections (UTIs), but they want to understand how much the risk is decreased. In your literature search, you find this article: Craig JC, Knight JF, Sureshkumar D, et al. Effect of circumcision on incidence of urinary tract infection in preschool boys. J Peds . 1996;128(1):23–27. This is a case-control study (n = 886) designed to determine whether circumcision decreases the risk of symptomatic UTI in boys younger than 5 years of age. Participants were recruited from a large pediatric ambulatory center. The authors use odds ratios (ORs) to report their results. How can you use this information to help answer the family’s question? Relative risks (RRs) and ORs are measures used to quantify associations between an exposure and an outcome . In epidemiology texts, exposures generally are environmental or infectious, and outcomes may include death or development of disease. In clinical trials, the intervention being studied (eg, a medication) is the exposure, and the outcome is a specific clinical end point (eg, resolution of symptoms). When assessing associations between an exposure and an …
Showdown in the Big Quiet: Land, Myth, and Government in the American West. By John P. Bieter

Showdown in the Big Quiet: Land, Myth, and Government in the American West . American Liberty & Justice Series. By John P. Bieter Jr. Foreword by Gordon Morris Bakken. (Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2015. xviii + 292 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95, paper.) Despite being a vast and sparsely populated place, southwestern Idaho’s Owyhee County can reveal broad lessons, according to John P. Bieter Jr. in Showdown in the Big Quiet . The author, a Boise State University historian, deploys compelling stories to explore key themes in western history—namely, the roles of violence, federal government, and myth—with land at the center. Central to Bieter’s analysis is the myth of individualistic pioneers wresting a living from a hostile place and outside factors (e.g., government pressures, market forces, unwelcoming Natives)—an animating force in … asowards{at}uidaho.edu
Effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on mRNA expression of INSL3 gene in leydig cells in fetal and neonatal mice

AIM: To explore the mRNA expression of INSL3 gene in Leydig cells of fetal and neonatal mice exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS:The Leydig cells were isolated from fetal mouse testis and were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium and identified by 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization were used to examine the expression levels of INSL3 mRNA in primarily cultured Leydig cells incubated with DEHP (at the dose of 50,100,200 mg/L, respectively). Pregnant mice were exposed to DEHP at the dose of 100, 200 or 500 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage from gestation day (GD) 12 to postnatal day (PND) 3. The expression of INSL3 gene in neonatal mouse testis was investigated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Histological alterations of primarily cultured Leydig cells and neonatal mouse testis exposed to DEHP were observed. The expression level of INSL3 mRNA in DEHP treated groups including the primarily cultured Leydig cells and male mouse offspring's testis were lower than those of the control groups. CONCLUSION: DEHP can downregulate the expression level of INSL3 mRNA in Leydig cells in vitro and in vivo. It may be a possible mechanism that DEHP interferes with gubernaculum development and causes cryptorchidism.
Design and Implement of Video Image Buffer Based on DDR IP Core

Nowadays,memory which have big capability and high-speed in image collecting system is needed.DDR can meet the requirements,so it is the artery of memory at present.In this paper,DDR IP core with 64 bit data width is used,it adopted double data rate of DDR and the high-speed buffer specialty of RAM-2port to achieve data transfer and image buffer on two situations which are based on the FPGA exploit board of Cyclone Ⅲ series of QuartusⅡof Altera company,the design of the system on Signal TapⅡwhich is a logic analysis tool is debugged and analyzed.
Optochemical activation of kinase function in live cells.

Manipulation of protein kinase activity is widely used to dissect signaling pathways controlling physiological and pathological processes. Common methods often cannot provide the desired spatial and temporal resolution in control of kinase activity. Regulation of kinase activity by photocaged kinase inhibitors has been successfully used to achieve tight temporal and local control, but inhibitors are limited to inactivation of kinases, and often do not provide the desired specificity. Here we report detailed methods for light-mediated activation of kinases in living cells using engineered rapamycin-regulated kinases (RapR-kinases) in conjunction with a photocaged analog of rapamycin.
Sexual physiology and sexual functioning.

(1975). Sexual Physiology and Sexual Functioning. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 67-72.
Parasitism of Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) by Paratelenomus saccharalis (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in Organic Soybean Plots in Georgia, USA

Summary Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) is a newly invasive, exotic pest of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.; Fabales: Fabaceae) in the southeastern United States. In 2013, the exotic egg parasitoid Paratelenomus saccharalis (Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) was discovered parasitizing eggs of this pest in kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata [Willd.] Maesen & S. Almeida; Fabales: Fabaceae) and soybean in 3 states in this region of the United States. We evaluated parasitism of M. cribraria egg masses by P. saccharalis in conventional tillage and no-till organic soybean experimental plots in 2013. Density of M. cribraria egg masses was significantly higher in conventional tillage soybean than in no-till soybean in weeks 2 through 5 for the 7 wk period M. cribraria egg masses were detected on soybean. Percentage of parasitism of M. cribraria egg masses by P. saccharalis was significantly higher in conventional tillage soybean (58.4%) than in no-till soybean (44.9%). In general, parasitism...
Differences in the geographic distribution of lymphoma subtypes in Golden retrievers in the USA

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine differences in the geographic distribution of two distinct subtypes of canine lymphoma (CL), B-cell lymphoma (BCL) and T-zone lymphoma (TZL), in the USA while accounting for heritable risks associated with the outcome of disease through inclusion of only one breed of dog. This study included 454 Golden retrievers and associations between geographic areas of the USA and the phenotypic variant of lymphoma were examined using multivariable logistic regression. There was a detectable difference in the geographic distribution of BCL and TZL with dogs in the Northeast [odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6–7.0] and East North Central regions (OR = 12.1, 95%CI = 3.6–40.5) being more likely to be diagnosed with TZL as compared to dogs in the Mountain region of the USA. The finding of non-random geographic distribution of lymphoma subtypes suggest that environmental risk factors may contribute to the development of different types of CL.
Modeling Policy for New Public Media Networks

Dramatic transformations in communications networks and business models over the last decades have forged consensus that the American public broadcasting system requires equally significant change. Contractions in commercial journalism have prompted calls for more news production from noncommercial entities. Explosions in digital media content have led to demands that public broadcasting focus on new information scarcities, new partnerships, and new networks. The law is hindering this push for progress. The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 and associated policies tie the legacy public broadcasting system to an outmoded analog network architecture. If the old public broadcasting system is to evolve into 21st century digital networks of public media, the network structures will have to change, along with policies that assume and support a stale, 20th century network design. The Federal Communications Commission’s 2010 National Broadband Plan supported reform of public broadcasting along the lines we are suggesting, drawing on our comments to the Agency. This Article provides a conceptual framework for the forthcoming debates on public media policy reform. It proposes a layered model of public media that maps onto the realities and capabilities of digital networks, and is rooted in computer network theory. By breaking down the core functions of public media into four distinct layers – infrastructure, creation, curation, and connection – we show how these functions should be distributed throughout newly configured public media networks. These functions should be carried out in a modular fashion by a wide range of noncommercial entities that interconnect with each other, either through intentional collaborations or through the use of common protocols. To implement this approach, we propose that federal legislation shift from a broadcast-centric to multi-platform orientation, and incent more robust interconnections among public media participants. This kind of modular, networked structure would refocus public media on its original purposes and establish stronger, more sustainable networks for the 21st century. Ultimately, a more innovative web of public media networks, supported by appropriate law and policy, will be better able to respond to emerging information needs and market gaps.
Epilepsy and Non-Epileptic Events in the First Year

The natural history of non-epileptic paroxysmal events (NEPE) in the first year of life was investigated in 22 babies referred for evaluation of suspected epileptic seizures at the Children’s Medical Centre of Israel, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
Usefulness of Serum Triiodothyronine (T3) to Predict Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Heart Failure

Thyroid hormone plays an important role in cardiac function. Low levels of serum triiodothyronine (T 3 ) due to nonthyroidal illness syndrome may have adverse effects in heart failure (HF). This study was designed to assess the ability of T 3 to predict in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute HF. In total, 137 patients without thyroid disease or treatment with drugs which affect TH levels, who were hospitalized with acute HF were prospectively enrolled and studied. TH levels were tested upon hospital admission, and outcomes were compared between patients with low ( 3 levels as well as between those with low ( 3 levels. Low free T 3 correlated with an increased length of stay in the hospital (median 11 vs 7 days, p 3 predicts worse hospital outcomes in patients with acute HF and can be useful in the risk stratification of these patients.
How Affects Are Healed

In this chapter the focus is on how emotions can be detoxified so that they lose their painful grip and no longer drive avoidance strategies. Recent research on fear responses has clarified that there are two healing mechanisms, both of which require that patients experience the full intensity of their affects in a context of safety. These are explored in depth and compared with other instances of change in psychotherapy. This new research at last makes it possible to follow the action of psychotherapy from words spoken in session to changes in synapses.
The Past Is Prologue: The Future of Sleep Medicine

The field of sleep medicine has gone through tremendous growth and development over a short period of time, culminating in recognition of the field as an independent medical subspecialty by the Acc...
Lymphocyte development and selection in germinal centers.

Germinal centers (GCs) represent an intense focal proliferation of antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes within a reticulum of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Newly formed GCs contain oligoclonal populations of lymphocytes that interact by cell-to-cell contact (Jacob et al. 1991a; Liu et al. 1991b; MacLennan 1994; Han et al. 1995a; Kelsoe 1995; Ferguson et al. 1996). These collaborations are necessary for the maintenance of the GC reaction, efficient activation of V(D)J hypermutation and selection, and the generation of memory B cells (Han et al. 1995a). By supporting these processes, the GC microenvironment controls and directs major pathways of antigen-dependent lymphocyte differentiation.
COMBINING EXTERNAL NEEDLE DRAINAGE AND SCLERAL BUCKLING WITH VITRECTOMY FOR THE REPAIR OF BULLOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS.

Purpose To describe a technique of combined scleral buckle with external needle drainage and vitrectomy in the treatment of bullous exudative retinal detachment, schisis detachment, or bullous retinoschisis threatening the fovea. Methods A retrospective chart review of four eyes of four patients who underwent the procedure described. Results Four eyes of four patients who underwent combined scleral buckling with external needle drainage and vitrectomy by a single surgeon for a bullous exudative retinal detachment, schisis detachment, or bullous retinoschisis threatening the fovea were included in this series. All four patients were attached after a single surgical intervention. No patient developed complications from the external drainage. Conclusion External needle drainage of bullous subretinal or intraschisis fluid in combination with vitrectomy is a successful technique for treating bullous exudative retinal detachments, schisis detachment, or foveal-threatening retinoschisis. The technique avoids many complications associated with conventional drainage procedures. Long-term results seem promising because of extended follow-up demonstrating sustained anatomical success with a single intervention.
Prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae on fresh produce and food safety practices in small-acreage farms in Tennessee, USA

In spite of the health benefits acquired from produce, microbial safety continues to be a major concern. This study evaluated microbial quality of produce and food safety practices in small-scale farms. Microbial quality of produce from farms was determined by standard and biochemical techniques. Antimicrobial-susceptibility of bacteria was determined by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. In addition, questionnaires were developed and distributed to in Middle Tennessee, US growers to capture growers’ practices on the farm. Aerobic plate counts in leafy produce and herbs (5.2–6.1 log CFU/g) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of fruits (3.2–4.0 log CFU/g). Total coliforms in carrots (3.6 CFU/g) were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in lettuce (2.9/CFU/g), strawberries (2.5 CFU/g), and apples (2.1 CFU/g). Our results demonstrated that produce harbored diverse bacterial communities which were dominated by Escherichia coli (29.7%), followed by Serratia liquefacians (13%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.4%), Proteus mirabilis (10.8%), Pantoea spp. (8.1%), Salmonella (2.7%), Shigella (0.5%), among others. No Escherichia coli O157:H7 was recovered in produce. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was highest for erythromycin (22.3%), followed by ampicillin (19.6%), streptomycin (12.8%), and amoxicillin (10.3%). About 9% of the farms had food safety plans in place, 31% tested irrigation water annually, and 93% of growers indicated the need for food safety education. Our results indicate that fresh produce from small farms harbor antibiotic resistant bacteria. Food safety education for growers is needed to cause positive changes in food safety awareness and increased adoption of good agricultural practices by small-scale produce growers.
Superconducting Electric Power Applications

The application of superconductors to electric power systems has been actively pursued over the past 30 years. Following the realization of high-field, high-current superconductors in 1961, researchers applied these type II materials, such as Nb-Ti and Nb3Sn, to laboratory magnets, followed by generators, motors, and transmission cables. Successful prototypes for the latter were constructed and tested by the mid-1980s. It is fair to assume that widespread utility acceptance of these low-temperature superconducting (LTS) power applications was compromised by the necessity for liquid helium cooling. The discovery of the high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in 1986, which offered the prospect for liquid nitrogen cooling, provided renewed interest and impetus and spurred the development of HTS power components. The expectations for HTS power components are, in fact, near realization, as a result of the rapid worldwide progress in HTS wire and tape development. This paper will review the history and present status of superconducting power-system-related applications. The major problems facing this technology and the prospects for commercialization and eventual integration into the utility sector will be discussed. General acceptance for superconducting power equipment by the electric utilities and other end-users will ultimately be based on the respective system performance, efficiency, reliability and maintenance, operational lifetime, and installed cost compared to conventional technologies.
Non-G-Quartet, Non-Sequence Specific Antirestenotic Effects Of Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides

Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (PS ODNs) are isoelectronic congeners of phosphodiester oligonucleotides (1). These compounds are nuclease resistant, soluble in aqueous solution, and capable of engaging in Watson-Crick base pair hybridization (1). PS ODNs directed against various protooncogenes such as c-myb and c-myc involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation have been employed in sequence-specific antisense strategies to inhibit restenosis after balloon injury (2). Several studies have demonstrated that PS ODNs inhibit in vitro vascular SMC proliferation (3–8). In one study, there was sustained inhibition of SMC proliferation lasting several days after only a single two hour exposure to antisense nonmuscle myosin heavy chain and c-myb oligonucleotides (8). Furthermore, PS ODNs have inhibited restenosis after balloon injury in the rat carotid artery and porcine models (4,5,9).
Simulation of non-stationary electron transport using scattering matrices

We describe a new approach for simulating carrier transport in semiconductor devices using scattering matrices. In the new approach, a device is viewed as a combination of semiconductor slabs, and carrier transport across each slab is characterized by a scattering matrix. Device simulation consists of combining scattering matrices for individual slabs that comprise the device. The ability of the scattering matrix approach to treat off-equilibrium effects in modern devices is demonstrated by simulating model device structure.
Graphene Growth by CVD Methods

In this chapter, the production of graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is discussed. CVD is widely used in the microelectronics industry in processes involving the deposition of thin films of various materials. The deposition is made from precursors in the gas phase which adsorb on the target surface producing a condensed phase of a specific material. The attractiveness of the generation of graphene by CVD is based on the fact that this technique allows for scalability as well as low cost.
A racial difference in erythrocyte sedimentation

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was examined in blacks and whites aged 18 to 74 years in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). In each age and sex group, median ESR was 2 mm/hr to 13 mm/hr higher in blacks than in whites even after exclusion of persons with extreme hemoglobin values or history of conditions affecting ESR. Apparently healthy blacks were more likely than whites to have elevated ESR greater than 20 mm/hr in women and 9 mm/hr in men. These data suggest a racial difference in ESR that is independent of age, hemoglobin concentration, and certain chronic diseases.
Open questions: CRISPR biology

CRISPR-Cas systems, the purveyors of adaptive immunity in archaea and bacteria and sources of the new generation of genome engineering tools, have been studied in exquisite molecular detail. However, when it comes to biological functions, ecology, and evolution of CRISPR-Cas, many more intriguing questions remain than there are answers.
Predicting Control Beliefs in Older Adults: A Micro-Longitudinal Study

Objectives The present study examined potential sources of intra- and inter-individual differences in older adults' control beliefs using a micro-longitudinal design. Method Older adults (n = 205) ranging in age from 60 to 94 (M = 72.70, SD = 6.72) completed 8 in-person testing sessions within 3 weeks which included assessments of control beliefs (Locus of Control and Perceived Competence), physical health (physical symptoms and sleep self-efficacy), stressors, emotional well-being (Positive Affect and Negative Affect), and cognition (basic cognition tests, everyday cognition, and memory failures). Results Multilevel models indicated that on days when older adults had higher sleep self-efficacy, more positive affect, and less negative affect, they also had more internal locus of control and higher perceived competence. Having stressors on the previous occasion was associated with lower internal locus of control on the subsequent occasion. Physical symptoms, everyday cognition, and memory failures could be predictive of locus of control for some older adults. Discussion Our findings showed the differentiated antecedents of locus of control and perceived competence, the unique role of sleep self-efficacy, positive affect, and negative affect in understanding antecedents of both, as well as the need to study well-being and cognition antecedents of control beliefs in future studies.
Cortical effects on spatial tuning to speech in background babble

The ability to understand speech in complex backgrounds often relies on spatial factors that contribute to forming discernible auditory objects. From stimulus-evoked onset responses in normal hearing listeners using electroencephalography (EEG), we have shown measurable spatial tuning to moving noise bursts in quiet, revealing a potential window into cortical object formation. However, it is still unknown whether comparable effects are observed with speech stimuli, and whether and how much the presence of noise disrupts EEG responses to moving speech. To test whether the presence of noise has deleterious effects on object formation and potential selective auditory attention, we measured cortical responses to moving speech in the free field with and without background babble (+6 dB SNR) during both passive and active conditions. Active conditions required listeners to respond to the onset of the speech when it occurred at a new location, while indicating yes or no to whether the stimulus occurred at a block-specific location. We discuss in detail the effect of noise and attention on spatial tuning to speech stimuli as measured by the magnitude and latencies of the N1, P2, and P3 components at primary and secondary auditory regions of interest. The ability to understand speech in complex backgrounds often relies on spatial factors that contribute to forming discernible auditory objects. From stimulus-evoked onset responses in normal hearing listeners using electroencephalography (EEG), we have shown measurable spatial tuning to moving noise bursts in quiet, revealing a potential window into cortical object formation. However, it is still unknown whether comparable effects are observed with speech stimuli, and whether and how much the presence of noise disrupts EEG responses to moving speech. To test whether the presence of noise has deleterious effects on object formation and potential selective auditory attention, we measured cortical responses to moving speech in the free field with and without background babble (+6 dB SNR) during both passive and active conditions. Active conditions required listeners to respond to the onset of the speech when it occurred at a new location, while indicating yes or no to whether the stimulus occurred at a blo...
Benefits and Harms for Low-Dose Aspirin in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

The 7,740 patients who took low-dose aspirin experienced 51 fewer vascular deaths, nonfatal myocardial infarctions, or nonfatal ischemic strokes; 29 fewer transient ischemic attacks; and 44 fewer revascularizations than patients who took placebo over a mean of 7.4 years.
Stereoselective Ketal-Tethered Intramolecular Diels−Alder Cycloadditions. An Approach to the 2-Oxadecalin Spiroketal Core of Antifungal Agent Fusidilactone C

An approach toward the 2-oxadecalin spiroketal core of fusidilactone C via a rare ketal-tethered intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition is described here. This intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition is highly endo-selective and overall depended upon the nature of solvents and Lewis acids. We also observed some remarkable rate acceleration in MeOH.
Remodeling Translation Primes CD8+ T-cell Antitumor Immunity

The requisites for protein translation in T cells are poorly understood and how translation shapes the antitumor efficacy of T cells is unknown. Here we demonstrated that IL15-conditioned T cells were primed by the metabolic energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase to undergo diminished translation relative to effector T cells. However, we showed that IL15-conditioned T cells exhibited a remarkable capacity to enhance their protein translation in tumors, which effector T cells were unable to duplicate. Studying the modulation of translation for applications in cancer immunotherapy revealed that direct ex vivo pharmacologic inhibition of translation elongation primed robust T-cell antitumor immunity. Our work elucidates that altering protein translation in CD8+ T cells can shape their antitumor capability.
Tribalism, Forbidden Baserates, and the Telos of Social Science

In January 2011, I gave a talk at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology titled “The Bright Future of Post-Partisan Social Psychology.” I made the case that the fie...
Hostility and Suicide Risk Among Veterans: The Mediating Role of Perceived Burdensomeness

There is a growing body of research aimed at identifying predictors of suicide risk among Veterans. One predictor may be hostility, as hostility and anger are associated with greater suicidal ideation among Veterans. The interpersonal theory of suicide suggests hostility may be associated with suicide risk through perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The aim of the current study was to investigate associations among hostility, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicide risk among a sample of Veterans enrolled in a clinical trial. Participants (N = 90) completed self-report measures assessing the variables of interest. When accounting for previously identified risk factors, namely posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, traumatic brain injury, and family history of suicide, there was an indirect effect of hostility on suicide risk through perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness. Specificity analyses assessing alternative predictors and mediators provided further support for the model. Findings suggest that hostility may require greater clinical attention among Veterans at risk for suicide.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SOYBEAN MATURITY PREDICTION MODEL FOR SOYBEAN GROWN IN AFRICAN ENVIRONMENTS

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWTime-to-maturity (TTM) is an important trait in soybean breeding programs. However, soybean is a relatively new crop in Africa. As such, TTM information is not yet well defined as in other major producing areas. Multi Environment trials (MET) allow breeders to analyze crop performance across diverse conditions but also pose statistical challenges (e.g. unbalanced data). Modern statistical methods, e.g.. Generalized Additive Models (GAM), can flexibly smooth a range of responses while retaining observations that could be lost under other approaches. We leveraged 5 years of data from a MET breeding program in Africa to identify the best geographical and seasonal variables to explain site and genotypic differences in soybean TTM. Using soybean-cycle features (minimum temperature, daylength) along with trial geolocation (longitude, latitude), a GAM model predicted soybean TTM within {+/-} 10 days of the average observed TTM [[Formula] days post-planting]. Further, we found significant differences between cultivars (p<0.05) in TTM sensitivity to minimum temperature and daylength. Our results show promise to advance the design of maturity systems that enhance soybean planting and breeding decisions in Africa.
Testicular tumors in the pediatric patient

Abstract Testicular cancer is a rare malignancy that demonstrates variability in histopathologic features, treatment protocols, and outcomes based on a patient's age at presentation. In the pediatric population, puberty provides an important timestamp for evaluating and understanding the disease process. Prepubertal males, often designated as Serum tumor markers (STM) and histologic evaluation are key for diagnosis and for determining management. While normal STMs in a pre-pubertal patient likely qualify a patient for testis-sparing surgery, radical orchiectomy is the gold standard for post-pubertal patients, regardless of STM levels. Cross-sectional imaging is essential for staging and may be done before or after surgical intervention depending on the clinical scenario. Excellent survival outcomes are often achieved regardless of disease risk, with low-stage disease managed safely with surveillance. Surveillance usually consists of STM and imaging monitoring. If adjuvant therapy is indicated, a multi-disciplinary team approach is paramount. This approach should include following pediatric vs. adult protocols based of the patient's pubertal status in order to achieve optimal oncologic outcomes.
Journalism as a profession of conditional permeability: A case study of boundaries in a participatory online news setting:

Journalistic professionalism served as a semantic tool for journalists to draw boundaries and to demarcate their profession. This research builds on Andrew Abbott’s (book The System of Professions:...
On-device IoT Certificate Revocation Checking with Small Memory and Low Latency

Allowing a device to verify the digital certificate of another device is an essential requirement and key building block of many security protocols for emerging and future IoT systems that involve device-to-device communication. However, on-device certificate verification is challenging for current devices, mainly because the certificate revocation (CR) checking step costs too much resource on IoT devices and the synchronization of CR status to devices yields a long latency. This paper presents an on-device CR checking system called TinyCR, which achieves 100% accuracy, memory and computation efficiency, low synchronization latency, and low network bandwidth, while being compatible with the current certificate standard. We design a new compact and dynamic data structure called DASS to store and query global CR status on a device in TinyCR. Our implementation shows that TinyCR only costs each device 1.7 MB of memory to track 100 million IoT certificates with 1% revocation rate. Checking the CR status of one certificate spends less than 1 microsecond on a Raspberry Pi 3. TinyCR can also be updated instantly when there are new certificates added or revoked.
Optogenetic Induction of TDP-43 Proteinopathy In Vivo (S32.005)

Objective: Aberrant protein aggregation is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. We designed a novel in vivo model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that provides unprecedented spatiotemporal control over disease TDP-43 aggregation dynamics using blue light. Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that leads to the death of motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord with no cure. It is characterized by extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity, with between 15–40 different genes harboring causative mutations for the disease. Despite this complexity, nearly 97% of cases share the pathological hallmark of TDP-43 aggregation in the cytoplasm of affected neurons and glia, suggesting a conserved toxic mechanism that can be targeted therapeutically. We employed this method to understand how TDP-43 aggregation contributes to neurotoxicity. Design/Methods: We generated a construct of human TDP-43 connected to a light sensitive molecule that reversibly oligomerizes in response to blue light, hereby termed optoTDP43. This construct was inserted into the Drosophila genome in a site-specific manner. Using the GAL4/UAS system, we expressed this construct in various neuronal tissues and examined how aggregation dynamics influence neurotoxicity. Results: OptoTDP43 expressing flies appear phenotypically normal upon eclosion and show normal motor function. When exposed to a blue light stimulation paradigm, optoTDP43 aggregates in the Drosophila brain and exhibits features that recapitulate key aspects of pathology found in ALS patients. This includes a shift from the soluble to the insoluble fraction and N-terminal cleavage. Flies expressing optoTDP43 in motor neurons exhibit blue-light dependent motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Conclusions: OptoTDP43 exhibits blue light dependent aggregation and neurodegeneration in vivo. This model’s lack of reliance on overexpression to drive aggregation and toxicity may provide novel insight into the disease process and ALS pathobiology. Disclosure: Dr. Otte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pandey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Donnelly has nothing to disclose.