cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-native pelagic macroinvertebrate alters population dynamics of herbivorous zooplankton in a large deep lake

Establishment of non-native species can alter native species populations and restructure lake food webs through complex tropic interactions such as intraguild predation or classic trophic cascades. Although the freshwater shrimp Mysis diluviana is well known for its ability to impact both primary and secondary productivity through omnivorous feeding in aquatic ecosystems in which it has been introduced, empirical evidence of mysid consumption of zooplankton prey and associated impacts on cladoceran communities from the same lake is uncommon. Furthermore, recent literature has suggested that mysids may impact other zooplankton populations outside of cladocerans. To test the hypothesis that introduced mysids negatively affect the seasonal abundance of cladocerans in Lake Pend Oreille, a large and deep (348 km2, max. depth: 352 m) lake in Idaho, USA, we quantified the seasonal diet and consumption rates of mysids and compared them with cladoceran production rates. During isothermal conditions, mysids opportu...
Conceptualising complementarities in manufacturing flexibility: a comprehensive view

In this paper, we develop an extended view of the manufacturing flexibility construct. Instead of a sequential view as emphasised with the competence-capability perspective, the model presented in this study suggests a holistic view of manufacturing flexibility comprised of six complementary dimensions. We contend that the complementary view of manufacturing flexibility (MFLX) consisting of six dimensions – product-mix flexibility (PMX), routing flexibility (RTG), equipment flexibility (EQP), volume flexibility (VOL), labour flexibility (LBR), and supply management flexibility (SPM) – provides a path to implementation of manufacturing flexibility. Manufacturing flexibility is hypothesised as a second order construct comprised of the six complementary dimensions. We test our proposed model using data collected from US manufacturing organisations. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. The results of confirmatory factor analysis support our hypothesis of a second order multi-dimensional...
Decremental Scattering for Data Transport Between Host and Hypercube Nodes

There are many parallel signal processing algorithms that are I/O bound. For such algorithms, fast data and program diStribution is very important. In this paper we study a new strategy for data: distribuUonfiom host to MIMD hypercube nodes. This strategy, based on scatteeng on hypercubes of decremental dimensions, perform much better than other strategies known today. It optimizes both the host and node utilization and also exploits the possible overlap in data sent i o different nodes.
Differences in the Effects of Host Suppression on the Adoptive Immunotherapy of Subcutaneous and Visceral Tumors

A syngeneic transplantable sarcoma induced in C57BL/6 mice, MCA 105, was used in studies to examine host suppression on the adoptive immunotherapy of established intradermal and experimentally induced pulmonary and hepatic metastases. Fresh immune splenocytes were generated from mice immunized to the MCA 105 tumor by a mixture of viable tumor cells and Corynebacterium parvum. The adoptive immunotherapy of intradermal MCA 105 tumor with immune cells required prior immunosuppression of the recipient by sublethal irradiation with 500 R or T-cell depletion. The effect of whole-body sublethal irradiation appeared to eliminate a systemic host suppression mechanism, since partialbody irradiation involving the tumor-bearing area did not permit successful immunotherapy. Host irradiation was not required to achieve successful immunotherapy of experimentally induced pulmonary or hepatic metastases. In nonirradiated recipients bearing both intradermal and pulmonary tumors, host suppression did not affect the function of transferred immune cells to induce regression of pulmonary metastases. Thus, suppression of adoptive immunotherapy appears to be relevant to tumors confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue but not to tumor in visceral sites, such as the lung and liver.
High-cycle fatigue life extension of glass fiber/polymer composites with carbon nanotubes

The present work shows that the addition of small volume fractions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the matrix results in a significant increase in the high-cycle fatigue life. It is proposed that carbon nanotubes tend to inhibit the formation of large cracks by nucleating nano-scale damage zones. In addition, the contribution to energy absorption from the fracture of nanotubes bridging across nano-scale cracks and from nanotube pull-out from the matrix are mechanisms that can improve the fatigue life. An energy-based model was proposed to estimate the additional strain energy absorbed in fatigue. The distributed nanotubes in the matrix appear to both distribute damage as well as inhibit damage propagation resulting in an overall improvement in the fatigue strength of glass fiber composites.
Video compression with random neural networks

We summarize a novel neural network technique for video compression, using a "point-process" type neural network model we have developed, which is closer to biophysical reality and is mathematically much more tractable than standard models. Our algorithm uses an adaptive approach based upon the users' desired video quality Q, and achieves compression ratios of up to 500:1 for moving gray-scale images, based on a combination of motion detection, compression and temporal subsampling of frames. This leads to a compression ratio of over 1000:1 for full-color video sequences with the addition of the standard 4:1:1 spatial subsampling ratios in the chrominance images. The signal-to-noise-ratio obtained varies with the compression level and ranges from 29 dB to over 34 dB. Our method is computationally fast so that compression and decompression could possibly be performed in real-time software.
Optimal control of a parabolic PDE system arising in plasma transport via diffusivity-interior-boundary actuation

In this paper, we study an optimal control problem arising in plasma transport which is governed by a singularly perturbed system. Time-scale separation allows us to focus on an uncoupled parabolic PDE with diffusivity-interior-boundary actuation. We prove the existence of the optimal control solution and carry out numerical experiments using quadratic programming (SQP).
'Spring through the gateway': deploying genomic workflows with XSEDE

The use of sequencing technologies has revolutionized the field of genomics, allowing us to study structural and functional variations within the genome to base pair level. These technologies can also be used to probe the associated epigenome, where DNA-binding proteins alter the structural integrity of the genome, restricting or enabling localized gene expression in a heritable fashion. By using assays that identify the binding location of these proteins, so called 'epigenetic marks' can be used to discover and correlate molecular functions and phenotypes being studied. As such 'epigenetic marks' are inherently plastic in their nature, being easily perturbed by environmental stimuli, they are a compelling and important area of study in the context of human development and diseases. One of the most commonly studied epigenetic marks is DNA methylation: attachment of the methyl group to cytosines in CpG dinucleotides -- an occurrence where two cytosine nucleotides are immediately followed by two guanine nucleotides in tandem. This modification can directly block the binding of regulatory proteins to that specific location thus effectively 'silencing' transcriptional activities. There are roughly 2.8 million such CpG loci in a human genome, making it an excellent target for performing a genome-wide methylation assay using sequencing technologies.
Bilinear Calderón–Zygmund Operators

This chapter is based on the presentation “Generalized bilinear Calderon –Zygmund operators and applications” delivered by the author during the 2008 February Fourier Talks at the Norbert Wiener Center for Harmonic Analysis and Applications, Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, on February 21st. In turn, that presentation was based on material from the article “Weighted norm inequalities for paraproducts and bilinear pseudodifferential operators with mild regularity,” J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 15 (2), (2009), 218–261, by Virginia Naibo and the author. This chapter also surveys some more recent results concerning the symbolic calculus and mapping properties of bilinear pseudo-differential operators.
Optimal Resource Allocation in Wireless Multiaccess Video Transmissions

We study the problem of optimal resource allocation for multi-user wireless video transmissions from an information- theoretic point of view. We show that the previously known optimal rate allocation solution in wireless multiaccess which maximizes the weighted sum rate is suboptimal in wireless video communications. We further derive the optimal video resource allocation by jointly considering the Application-MAC-PHY layers. This optimal scheme maximizes the weighted sum video quality of all video users for any feasible power control policy. We refer to this policy as Largest Quality Improvement Highest Possible Rate (LQIHPR). We propose a simple greedy algorithm for implementation. With the help of the inherent prioritization mechanism of video coders, we show that LQIHPR is universally optimal for all video coding schemes. Simulation results demonstrate the significant improvement LQIHPR leads to as opposed to the conventional one.
Priority Based Dynamic Spectrum Access with QoS and Interference Temperature Constraints

We study the problem of dynamic spectrum access by secondary users with minimum signal to interference noise ratio (quality of service (QoS)) and interference temperature constraints. A non-linear optimization problem with the objective to maximize the total transmitting rate of the secondary users is formulated. The non-linear optimization is solved efficiently using geometric programming techniques. When not all the secondary links can be supported with their QoS requirement, a reduced complexity search algorithm is introduced to find the optimal subset of allowable links. Secondary users may belong to different priority classes. Accessing opportunities should be proportional to priorities. Therefore, we defined a secondary spectrum sharing potential game which takes these priority classes into consideration. The Nash equilibria of this potential game are reached by distributed sequential play. The efficiency of the Nash equilibria solutions are characterized. Finally, the performances of both the reduced complexity algorithm and the sequential play are examined through simulations.
The CdTe Thin Film Solar Cell - AN Overview

The basic physical aspects of the CdTe-thin film solar cell in its various embodiments are reviewed. Deposition techniques are briefly described, results of present pilot-line production efforts and the future potential are discussed, which make the CdTe thin film solar cell a promising candidate for low cost and well-above 10% module-efficiency. A detailed costing model for thin film solar cells is presented illustrating that low cost of around 0.9 ECU/Wp will be achievable upon suitable upscaling of production.
Single PEMFC Design and Validation for High-Temperature MEA Testing and Diagnosis up to 300 ° C

A single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and associated hardware were designed for high-temperature membrane electrode assembly (MEA) testing and diagnosis in the range of 160-300°C. The fuel cell heating strategy and its design considerations with respect to heat balance are also discussed in this paper. The fuel cell performance of PEMEAS H 3 PO 4 -doped polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based MEAs and the corresponding ac impedance diagnosis demonstrated that this single cell and its associated hardware designs are feasible for high-temperature MEA testing. The apparent exchange current densities for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction as a function of temperature were obtained through ac impedance measurement. Rapid performance degradation was observed at extreme temperatures, such as 300°C, suggesting an accelerated fuel cell testing method. AC impedance results showed that the activity loss of the catalyst/catalyst layer was responsible for this degradation.
Better privacy and security in e-commerce: using elliptic curve-based zero knowledge proofs

We propose an approach using elliptic curve-based zero-knowledge proofs in e-commerce applications. We demonstrate that using elliptic curved-based zero-knowledge proofs provide privacy and more security than other existing techniques. The improvement of security is due to the complexity of solving the discrete logarithm problem over elliptic curves.
Infinite Probabilistic and Nonprobabilistic Testing

We introduce three new notions of infinite testing for probabilistic processes, namely, simple, Buchi and fair infinite testing. We carefully examine their distinguishing power and show that all three have the same power as finite tests. We also consider Buchi tests in the non-probabilistic setting and show that they have the same distinguishing power as finite tests. Finally, we show that finite probabilistic tests are stronger than nondeterministic fair tests.
Directions in Evolutionary Biology

▪ Abstract In order to understand both the past and future directions of research in evolutionary biology we need to begin by understanding in what way these programs of research differ from the model of most scientific work. The study of evolutionary processes and, in particular, the genetics of the evolutionary process must confront special difficulties in both the conceptual and the methodological aspects of research. On the conceptual side, unlike for molecular, cellular, and developmental biology, there is no basic mechanism that evolutionists are attempting to elucidate. There is no single cause of the evolutionary change in the properties of members of a species. Natural selection may be involved but so are random events, patterns of migration and interbreeding, mutational events, and horizontal transfer of genes across species boundaries. The change in each character of each species is a consequence of a particular mixture of these causal pathways.
Light-years from Lena: video and image libraries of the future

The average consumer with a personal computer will soon have access to the world's collections of digital video and images. However, the theory and tools that facilitate browsing, querying, retrieval, and manipulation of imagery are still in their infancy. For example, people would like to access content in movies, e.g. "fast forward to where they bicycle through the sky". This new application area reveals an abundance of unsolved scientific problems for image processing. An overview is provided of the key technical challenges that the image processing community should embrace. The scope of the paper is restricted to image processing, with particular focus on the problems of representation and analysis of image content, and frame-to-frame motion.
CROSS-STREAM COMPARISON OF SUBSTRATE-SPECIFIC DENITRIFICATION POTENTIAL

Headwater streams have a demonstrated ability to denitrify a portion of their nitrate (NO3−) load but there has not been an extensive consideration of where in a stream this process is occurring and how various habitats contribute to total denitrification capability. As part of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen Experiment II (LINX II) we measured denitrification potential in 65 streams spanning eight regions of the US and draining three land-use types. In each stream, potential denitrification rates were measured in common substrate types found across many streams as well as locations unique to particular streams. Overall, habitats from streams draining urban and agricultural land-uses showed higher potential rates of denitrification than reference streams draining native vegetation. This difference among streams was probably driven by higher ambient nitrate concentrations found in urban or agricultural streams. Within streams, sandy habitats and accumulations of fine benthic organic matter contributed more than half of the total denitrification capacity (mg N removed m−2 h−1). A particular rate of potential denitrification per unit area could be achieved either by high activity per unit organic matter or lower activities associated with larger standing stocks of organic matter. We found that both small patches with high rates (hot spots) or more widespread but less active areas (cool matrix) contributed significantly to whole stream denitrification capacity. Denitrification estimated from scaled-up denitrification enzyme assay (DEA) potentials were not always dramatically higher than in situ rates of denitrification measured as 15N gas generation following 24-h 15N–NO3 tracer additions. In general, headwater streams draining varying land-use types have significant potential to remove nitrate via denitrification and some appear to be functioning near their maximal capacity.
When Managerial Capitalism Embraced Shareholder-Value Ideology

Abstract:Gerard Dumenil and Dominique Levy state that, in analyzing the forces underlying the Piketty et al. data on U.S. income distribution, their paper will shed “new light … on the historical transformation of U.S. capitalism and the most recent trends in neoliberalism, the new phase into which capitalism entered in the 1970s or 1980s.” Based on my own research, however, the Dumenil and Levy analysis suffers from a deficient understanding of (a) when, how, and in whose interests managerial capitalism took root in the first half of the twentieth century; (b) the reasons for the growing importance of the “salaries” component in the incomes of corporate executives who occupy positions in the highest-income fractiles in the Piketty et al. data set; and (c) the particular neoliberal ideology, known as “maximizing shareholder value” (MSV), that has legitimized a mode of corporate resource allocation that since the mid-1980s has been integral to both the explosion of executive pay and the erosion of the Amer...
Structured Diagnostic Interviews

Clinical interviews have a prominent place in the history of psychological assessment. The face-to-face verbal dialog between assessor and client is the prototypical format for most clinical enterprises. Historically, the most common type of clinical interview has been the unstructured interview. In the unstructured interview, the interviewer determines what questions should be asked, how the questions should be framed, what follow-up questions should be asked, and what are acceptable responses from the client. This unstructured format is quite consistent with the clinical approach to assessment, which was discussed in the previous chapter on projective techniques. It allows the assessment to be tailored to the individual needs of the client and relies heavily on the individual clinician’s orientation and expertise.
Documentation and Universal Instructional Design: A Partnership Supporting Diverse Learners in Higher Education

Universal Instructional Design (UID), an approach to curriculum and pedagogy that promotes multiple means of access and expression in the classroom, allows instructors to better prepare diverse learners with twenty-first-century skill sets through nontraditional assignments. However, these nontraditional approaches can be difficult to assess. Videotaped, written, and visual documentation in a UID classroom allows higher education instructors to both formatively and summatively assess students. The authors explore four examples of various modes of documentation that allow them to capture snapshots of student learning as well as promote deeper reflection for themselves and their students on the learning process.
Chapter 1 Portfolio theory

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the portfolio theory with a special emphasis on its historical evolution and methodological foundations. The early work of Markowitz and Tobin is presented to illustrate the individual contributions of these authors. In the chapter, following these general remarks about the early beginning of portfolio theory, the mean-variance portfolio problem is defined and solved and is related it to its most famous intellectual first fruits, namely the two-fund separation and the capital asset pricing theory of Sharpe and Lintner. The presentation of Roll's critique of the asset pricing theory's tests and the interplay of analysis and empirical testing are described in the chapter as well as an analysis of the foundational assumptions of portfolio theory with respect to investor preferences and asset return distributions. The contrast of methodologies is described in the chapter along with the use of stochastic calculus and stochastic control techniques to generalize the consumption investment problem to an arbitrary number of periods.
Reductions in neonatal listeriosis: "Collateral benefit" of Group B streptococcal prophylaxis?

Summary Objectives We tested the hypothesis that declines in Listeria monocytogenes in infants are related to declines in rates of early-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections associated with widespread prophylaxis using agents with Listeria activity. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using a national administrative database Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). We searched for ICD-9 codes for Listeriosis in infants Results We identified 183 cases of Listeriosis in infants p p p = 0.01). Conclusions These results support the hypothesis of a "collateral benefit" to widespread GBS prophylaxis and further support the position that empiric antibiotic regimens for febrile infants may no longer require Listeria activity.
Cooper v. IBM Personal Pension Plan: A Critique

Since the Cooper decision will the starting point for the other appellate courts addressing the pre-PPA status of cash balance pension plans, Cooper merits close scrutiny. Such scrutiny indicates that Cooper is laudably transparent in its reasoning and contains many important insights. However, given what the pre-PPA pension age discrimination statutes say, in the final analysis, Cooper is wrong on the merits.
Preparation of a Cobalt(II) Cage: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment That Produces a ParaSHIFT Agent for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Laboratory experiments that demonstrate the effect of paramagnetic complexes on chemical shifts and relaxation times of protons are a useful way to introduce magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) probes or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In this undergraduate inorganic chemistry experiment, a paramagnetic Co(II) cage complex is prepared by reduction of a classical Co(III) cage complex. The Co(II) cage behaves as a paramagnetic shift agent (paraSHIFT) and produces relatively sharp and highly dispersed proton resonances. Comparison of the proton NMR spectra of the diamagnetic and paramagnetic cage complexes provides opportunities for students to consider coordination complex symmetry and the effect of unpaired electrons on the chemical shifts of proton resonances. Oxidation and spin state changes of transition metal complexes, Co(III)/Co(II), are also illustrated in this experiment.
Structural and energetic properties of acetonitrile-Group IV (A & B) halide complexes.

We have conducted an extensive computational study of the structural and energetic properties of select acetonitrile–Group IV (A & B) tetrahalide complexes, both CH3CN–MX4 and (CH3CN)2–MX4 (M = Si, Ge, Ti; X = F, Cl). We have also examined the reactivity of CH3CN with SiF4, SiCl4, GeCl4, and TiCl4, and measured low-temperature IR spectra of thin films containing CH3CN with SiF4, GeCl4, or TiCl4. The six 1:1 complexes fall into two general structural classes. CH3CN–TiCl4, CH3CN–TiF4, and CH3CN–GeF4, exhibit relatively short M–N bonds (∼2.3 A), an intermediate degree of distortion in the MX4 subunit, and binding energies ranging from 11.0 to 13.0 kcal/mol. Conversely, CH3CN–GeCl4, CH3CN–SiF4, and CH3CN–SiCl4, are weakly bonded systems, with long M–N distances (>3.0 A), little distortion in the MX4 subunit, and binding energies ranging from 3.0 to 4.4 kcal/mol. The structural features of analogous 2:1 systems resemble those of their 1:1 counterparts, whereas the binding energies (relative to three isolated f...
Who Stole the Punchbowl

While the jury is out as to the reliability and effectiveness of loose monetary policy in all circumstances, there is one thing most all would agree — if the Fed wants to make the economy hurt, it can. Interest rates can only go so low, but they can go sky high. This asymmetry translates into a much greater ability for the Fed to slow, rather than bolster the economy.
Analysis and Process on Rub-impact Fault of Large Turbine Generator Units

Rub-impact fault of turbine generator units is common and difficult to diagnosis accutatly;it is very difficult to diagnosis and process for its uncertainty.This article introduced the causes、the mechanism、vibration characteristics and the process method of rub-impact fault of turbine generator unit,through analyzed the large number of cases.Founded that turbine is the main part of rub-impact fault occured in the turbine generator unit.For the turbine low-pressure cylinder is main part.Furthermore,founded that rub-imfact parts are mainly concentrated in oil block and steam seal.This article combined with rub-impact fault cases of the 660MW unit in the acc and no-load process analysed the vibration characteristics,site using the "run" to eliminate fault and achieved good results,which can provide a reference for the actual unit rub-impact fault handing.
Cardiovascular Complications of Cranial and Neck Radiation

Cancer survivors who receive head and neck radiation are at increased risk for cerebrovascular events. This is mediated via damage to the hypothalamus-pituitary axis leading to the metabolic syndrome and extracranial arterial injury leading to carotid artery stenosis. Head and neck radiation can also lead to intracranial injury that can present as moyamoya, especially in children. Survivors require lifelong periodic follow-up for the development of pan-hypopituitarism or its individual components as well as for dyslipidemia and obesity. Aggressive control of traditional cardiovascular risk factors is recommended to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There are no specific guidelines for the surveillance and management of asymptomatic carotid artery disease in cancer survivors. However, regular detailed examination for carotid bruits and neurological symptoms is recommended. Treatment of significant radiation-induced carotid artery disease has not been specifically studied and is based upon recommendations for patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy can be difficult in radiation patients due to anatomic concerns and the risk of post-operative cranial nerve injury and wound complications but should be considered in patients with suitable anatomy and neck architecture. Carotid artery stenting, while successful, may be associated with greater long-term mortality and neurologic complications. Regardless of the strategy employed, radiation patients are at increased risk for restenosis and should undergo routine surveillance even after revascularization.
Understanding Language in Diverse Classrooms: A Primer for All Teachers

Preface Acknowledgments PART I Language and Languages 1 Introduction 2 Language and Its Speakers 3 How Languages are Alike and Different 4 Becoming a Bilingual Part II How to teach English language learners 5 Help Yourself and Get Help 6 Making and Using Comparisons of Languages and Language Use 7 Creating Language-Savvy Lessons 8 Language Assessments Appendix A Selected Web Sites Appendix B Suggestions for Further Reading On Language and Development On Learning and Teaching Glossary References Index
Coronary Thrombolysis with lntracoronary Streptokinase

Because there are several means by which a clinician may pharmacologicallyactivate the fibrinolytic system for thrombolysis, the clinician must understand the clinical ramifications of the use of each pharmacologic agent. lntracoronary streptokinase is one such agent whose therapeutic use, although effective in many cases, must not be taken lightly. This article, therefore, reviews the pharmacology, therapeutic uses, and possible complications that could arise as a result of intracoronary streptokinase.
Cultivating Physician Leadership Is Necessary for Lasting and Meaningful Change.

To the Editor:Drs. Dhaliwal and Sehgal1 raise some excellent points in their essay on the need to demystify leadership training during graduate medical education. As care delivery in the United States becomes increasingly complex, the need increases for strong, effective leadership from physicians.
Protein Modification: Bacterial Effectors Rewrite the Rules of Ubiquitylation

Summary A family of virulence factors from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila has been discovered to modify human Rab GTPases with ubiquitin. Surprisingly, this modification occurs via a non-canonical mechanism that uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor.
Prognostic value of serum lactate dehydrogenase in symptomatic multiple myeloma.

8093 Background: In patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma, the clinical features, responses to treatment, and survival times vary. Well established predictors of survival include the International Staging System (ISS), cytogenetic abnormalities, and response to therapy. Long recognized has been the association of high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with advanced disease and shorter survival. We focused here on the impact of high LDH on staging and prognosis in order to guide the role of recent advances in therapy. Methods: We evaluated 1,247 patients with newly diagnosed, symptomatic myeloma from 10/74 to 7/11. Our goal was to determine the prognostic value of high LDH (>300 IU/L) in relation to ISS stage. We also compared the frequencies of anemia, hypercalcemia, and response to therapy in patients with high LDH with those of patients with Stage III disease and normal LDH values. Results: All 1,139 patients with normal LDH lived significantly longer than the 108 patients with elevated values (47 ...
Mouse model for the Rift Valley fever virus MP12 strain infection

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a Category A pathogen and select agent, is the causative agent of Rift Valley fever. To date, no fully licensed vaccine is available in the U.S. for human or animal use and effective antiviral drugs have not been identified. The RVFV MP12 strain is conditionally licensed for use for veterinary purposes in the U.S. which was excluded from the select agent rule of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The MP12 vaccine strain is commonly used in BSL-2 laboratories that is generally not virulent in mice. To establish a small animal model that can be used in a BSL-2 facility for antiviral drug development, we investigated susceptibility of six mouse strains (129S6/SvEv, STAT-1 KO, 129S1/SvlmJ, C57BL/6J, NZW/LacJ, BALB/c) to the MP12 virus infection via an intranasal inoculation route. Severe weight loss, obvious clinical and neurologic signs, and 50% mortality was observed in the STAT-1 KO mice, whereas the other 5 mouse strains did not display obvious and/or severe disease. Virus replication and histopathological lesions were detected in brain and liver of MP12-infected STAT-1 KO mice that developed the acute-onset hepatitis and delayed-onset encephalitis. In conclusion, the STAT-1 KO mouse strain is susceptible to MP12 virus infection, indicating that it can be used to investigate RVFV antivirals in a BSL-2 environment.
Overlapping functions of the MAP4K family kinases Hppy and Msn in Hippo signaling

The Hippo (Hpo) tumor suppressor pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls tissue growth and organ size in species ranging from Drosophila to human, and its malfunction has been implicated in many types of human cancer. In this study, we conducted a kinome screen and identified Happyhour (Hppy)/MAP4K3 as a novel player in the Hpo pathway. Our biochemical study showed that Hppy binds and phosphorylates Wts. Our genetic experiments suggest that Hppy acts in parallel and partial redundantly with Misshapen (Msn)/MAP4K4 to regulate Yki nuclear localization and Hpo target gene expression in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Furthermore, we showed that cytoskeleton stress restricts Yki nuclear localization through Hppy and Msn when Hpo activity is compromised, thus providing an explanation for the Wts-dependent but Hpo-independent regulation of Yki in certain contexts. Our study has unraveled an additional layer of complexity in the Hpo signaling pathway and laid down a foundation for exploring how different upstream regulators feed into the core Hpo pathway.
How much lightning strikes the ground

Lightning is unpredictable but, on average, lightning strikes within a cloud outnumber lightning strikes from the cloud to the ground. The relative likelihood of these two types of lightning is known to vary with latitude but the precise reasons for this variation are not completely understood. Now Colin Price and David Rind of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, have proposed that the fraction of lightning striking within the cloud increases with the depth of the sub-freezing part of the thunderstorm (Geophys. Res. Lett. (1993) 20 463).
Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Emissions from Injected and Broadcast-Applied Dairy Slurry

Trade-offs associated with surface application or injection of manure pose important environmental and agronomic concerns. Manure injection can conserve nitrogen (N) by decreasing ammonia (NH) volatilization. However, the injection band also creates conditions that potentially favor nitrous oxide (NO) production: an abundant organic substrate-promoting microbial activity, anaerobic conditions favoring denitrification, and large local concentrations of N. We assessed differences in NH volatilization and NO emissions with broadcast application versus shallow disk injection of dairy slurry during the 2011 to 2013 growing seasons on a well-drained silt loam that received average manure-N application rates of 180 kg N ha via injection or 200 kg N ha via broadcast. Ammonia emissions were measured using a photoacoustic gas analyzer and chambers, and NO emissions were measured using syringes to draw timed samples from vented chambers with analysis by gas chromatograph. Results point to a 92 to 98% (3.02-11.05 kg NH-N ha) reduction in NH volatilization (for the initial sampling) with injection compared with broadcasting manure but also reveal 84 to 152% (725.9-3187.8 g NO-N ha) greater cumulative NO emissions. Although losses of N via NO emission were at least three orders of magnitude less than NH volatilization, their potential role as a greenhouse gas is of concern. Despite the potential greenhouse gas trade-offs associated with shallow disk injection of manure, decreasing NH volatilization provides a substantial benefit, especially to farmers who are trying to conserve N and improve the N/P ratio of soil-applied manure.
Space Saving by Dynamic Algebraization Based on Tree-Depth

Dynamic programming is widely used for exact computations based on tree decompositions of graphs. However, the space complexity is usually exponential in the treewidth. We study the problem of designing efficient dynamic programming algorithms based on tree decompositions in polynomial space. We show how to use a tree decomposition and extend the algebraic techniques of Lokshtanov and Nederlof (In: 42nd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 321–330, 2010) such that a typical dynamic programming algorithm runs in time O ∗(2 h ), where h is the tree-depth (Nesetřil et al., Eur. J. Comb. 27(6):1022–1041, 2006) of a graph. In general, we assume that a tree decomposition of depth h is given. We apply our algorithm to the problem of counting perfect matchings on grids and show that it outperforms other polynomial-space solutions. We also apply the algorithm to other set covering and partitioning problems.
Scheduling of synchronous data flow models onto scratchpad memory-based embedded processors

In this article, we propose a heuristic algorithm for scheduling synchronous data flow (SDF) models on scratch pad memory (SPM) enhanced processors with the objective of minimizing its steady-state execution time. The task involves partitioning the limited on-chip SPM for actor code and data buffer, and executing actors in such a manner that the physical SPM is time shared with different actors and buffers (formally defined as code overlay and data overlay, respectively). In our setup, a traditional minimum buffer schedule could result in very high code overlay overhead and therefore may not be optimal. To reduce the number of direct memory access (DMA) transfers, actors need to be grouped into segments. Prefetching of code and data overlay that overlaps DMA transfers with actor executions also need to be exploited. The efficiency of the our heuristic was evaluated by compiling ten stream applications onto one synergistic processing engine (SPE) of an IBM Cell Broadband Engine. We compare the performance results of our heuristic approach with a minimum buffer scheduling approach and a 3-stage ILP approach, and show that our heuristic is able to generate high quality solutions with fast algorithm run time.
Robust Optimal Tracking Controller for a Robotic Manipulator

Abstract In this paper, the experimental results of an actual implementation of a robust tracking controller on a robotic manipulator are presented. The objective is to follow a ramp reference input with zero steady state error in the presence of a disturbance and system parameter variations. The main difficulties are caused by the Coulomb frictions, the disturbance due to the gravitational pull. the spring effect of the link between the drive motor and the manipulator arm, and the unmeasurable state variables. The controller is based on feeding back delayed values of the observable variables and augmenting the system by additional integrators. The feedback gain parameters are obtained by first applying the quadratic optimal control theory and then readjusting the feedback parameters to eliminate the limit cycle by using the describing function method
Poetry, Print, and the Making of Postcolonial Literature

Poetry, Print, and the Making of Postcolonial Literature reveals an intriguing history of relationships among poets and editors from Ireland and Nigeria, as well as Britain and the Caribbean, during the mid-twentieth-century era of decolonization. The book explores what such leading anglophone poets as Seamus Heaney, Christopher Okigbo, and Derek Walcott had in common: 'peripheral' origins and a desire to address transnational publics without expatriating themselves. The book reconstructs how they gained the imprimatur of both local and London-based cultural institutions. It shows, furthermore, how political crises challenged them to reconsider their poetry's publics. Making substantial use of unpublished archival material, Nathan Suhr-Sytsma examines poems in print, often the pages on which they first appeared, in order to chart the transformation of the anglophone literary world. He argues that these poets' achievements cannot be extricated from the transnational networks through which their poems circulated - and which they in turn remade.
Optical Measurement of Radiocarbon Below Unity Fraction Modern by Linear Absorption Spectroscopy

High-precision measurements of radiocarbon (14C) near or below a fraction modern 14C of 1 (F14C ≤ 1) are challenging and costly. An accurate, ultrasensitive linear absorption approach to detecting 14C would provide a simple and robust benchtop alternative to off-site accelerator mass spectrometry facilities. Here we report the quantitative measurement of 14C in gas-phase samples of CO2 with F14C < 1 using cavity ring-down spectroscopy in the linear absorption regime. Repeated analysis of CO2 derived from the combustion of either biogenic or petrogenic sources revealed a robust ability to differentiate samples with F14C < 1. With a combined uncertainty of 14C/12C = 130 fmol/mol (F14C = 0.11), initial performance of the calibration-free instrument is sufficient to investigate a variety of applications in radiocarbon measurement science including the study of biofuels and bioplastics, illicitly traded specimens, bomb dating, and atmospheric transport.
Abstract A26: Network integration of epigenomic data in HPV-associated head and neck cancer

The majority of published studies investigating driver genes have focused primarily on genomic mutations which have led to novel study designs (basket trials) where patients with a rare mutation, regardless of tumor histology, are matched to a drug expected to work through the mutated pathway. This dominant focus on genomic mutations has overshadowed consideration of inclusion of epigenetic information. Epigenetic silencing of driver genes leads to various genomic alterations, including mismatch repair deficiency, altered DNA repair and loss of chromosomal stability. In human papilloma virus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), recent studies are beginning to establish a mechanistic role for DNA methylation with potential to impact improved survival outcomes. The purpose of this study was to illustrate network integration of epigenomic data in head and neck cancer to prioritize elements that drive biological states. Causal Networks are small hierarchical networks of regulators whose activity can be modulated by the expression of downstream target genes to enhance understanding of the effect of upstream master regulators on disease or function. To further establish the driver potential of 11 genes: C14orf162/ CCDC177, CDH8, CRMP1, ELMO1, HTR1E, MEI1, MSX2, PCDH10, PCDHB11, PITX2, SYN2 previously reported as significantly differentially methylated between HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC tumor samples, and subsequently validated by our group in two independent sample sets, their master regulatory networks were identified utilizing Causal Network Analysis (CNA) software from Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. To reflect expected gene expression direction implied by methylation changes, the inverse of the methylation ratio from HPV positive vs. HPV negative HNSCC was used for CNA. CNA identified 23 top hierarchical networks (significant z score of absolute 2) associated with HNSCC and their corresponding master regulatory molecules characterized as transcription regulators and kinase inhibitors among others. Of the 11 target genes, 7 had representation in multiple networks; CRMP1 in 21/23, MSX2 and SYN2 in 20/23, CDH8 and PITX2 in 17/23, PCDH10 in 10/23, and ELMO1 in 5/23 networks. Of the 23 networks, 12 indicated activation and 11 inhibition by at least 4 or more of the 7 target genes. Master regulators were within 2 or 3 hops (intermediate regulators) to the target genes. CNA raised the profile of CDH8, CRMP1, ELMO1, MSX2, PCDH10, SYN2, and PITX2 (7/11 target genes) for further consideration as epigenetic drivers of HPV-associated HNSCC. Support: Komen Foundation: KG110218 Citation Format: Maria J. Worsham, Kang Mei Chen, Indrani Datta, Josena K. Stephen, Dhananjay Chitale, Tamer Ghanem, Lamont Jones, Laura Garcia-Rodriquez, George Divine. Network integration of epigenomic data in HPV-associated head and neck cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
Topographical Differences in Orexin Activation after Pain Assessments in Hb AA and HbSS Sickle Mice

Abstract The orexins are neuropeptides that are synthesized in the perifornical area (PFA), lateral hypothalamus (LH) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and mediate arousal, sleep, energy balance, food and drug reward. The LH region is associated with reward, while the PFA and DMH are more associated with stress and arousal. Data suggest that orexin-A has an analgesic effect on inflammatory pain and it may affect mechanisms underlying the maintenance of neuropathic pain. To date, there have been no published studies to investigate this system as a potential target to treat neuropathic pain in a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD). Therefore, we seek to determine activational and topographical differences in neuronal activation of the orexin system in a mouse model of SCD by using an array of behavioral measures to characterize pain in transgenic mice expressing human hemoglobin. Female transgenic sickle mice that express exclusively (99%) human sickle hemoglobin (HbSS) and age-/gender-matched controls (HbAA mice; n = 5/group, 20-30g) expressing normal human hemoglobin A are used in the study. All behavioral tests are performed in a quiet room maintained at a constant temperature of 23- 25°C. All mice are habituated to each test protocol and environment for at least three consecutive days before collecting baseline measurements and testing. Three measures are used to assess pain-related behaviors: thermal/heat hyperalgesia (test for heat sensitivity), cold hyperalgesia (for cold sensitivity), and mechanical hyperalgesia (sensitivity to mechanical stimulus). Ninety minutes after the pain assessment testing, brains from HbAA and HbSS mice are quick frozen and hypothalamic brain sections from the mice are processed to visualize orexin-A and c-Fos using double label immunohistochemistry. Preliminary analyses show that significant topographical differences are observed in LH versus PFA for HbAA and HbSS mice (p Disclosures Gupta: Tautona Group: Consultancy, Honoraria; Fera Pharmaceuticals LLC: Consultancy, Honoraria.
Evidence of Progress in Making Nursing Practice Visible Using Standardized Nursing Data: a Systematic Review

Nursing care documentation in electronic health records (EHRs) with standardized nursing terminologies (SNTs) can facilitate nursing's participation in big data science that involves combining and analyzing multiple sources of data. Before merging SNTs data with other sources, it is important to understand how such data are being used and analyzed to support nursing practice. The main purpose of this systematic review was to identify studies using SNTs data, their aims and analytical methods. A two-phase systematic process resulted in inclusion and review of 35 publications. Aims of the studies ranged from describing most popular nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions on a unit to predicting outcomes using multi-site data. Analytical techniques varied as well and included descriptive statistics, correlations, data mining, and predictive modeling. The review underscored the value of developing a deep understanding of the meaning and potential impact of nursing variables before merging with other sources of data.