cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Atoms into Universal Dimers Using an Oscillating Magnetic Field

In a system of ultracold atoms near a Feshbach resonance, pairs of atoms can be associated into universal dimers by an oscillating magnetic field with a frequency near that determined by the dimer binding energy. We present a simple expression for the transition rate that takes into account many-body effects through a transition matrix element of the contact. In a thermal gas, the width of the peak in the transition rate as a function of the frequency is determined by the temperature. In a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms, the width is determined by the inelastic scattering rates of a dimer with zero-energy atoms. Near an atom-dimer resonance, there is a dramatic increase in the width from inelastic atom-dimer scattering and from atom-atom-dimer recombination. The recombination contribution provides a signature for universal tetramers that are Efimov states consisting of two atoms and a dimer.
Nissen Fundoplication for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux After Patient Selection Using Dual pH, Full Column Impedance Testing: A Pilot Study

Objectives:Prior studies demonstrate inconsistent diagnostic strategies for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) patients who are offered laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (Nissen). Superior sym...
A comprehensive modeling of choked two-phase flow through short-tube orifices with application to alternative refrigerants HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze

Due to the evaporating two-phase flow and the choked-flow condition, numerical analysis of flow through short-tube orifices is a complicated procedure. A comprehensive method for analyzing such flows is the two-fluid model, which does not assume equilibrium between phases. However, in all previous applications of this model, two-phase flow calculations at the entrance and vena contracta regions were eliminated. In this investigation, two additional steps were introduced to improve the accuracy of computations: (1) applying a comprehensive two-fluid model, including the effect of various two-phase flow patterns and the metastability of liquid phase; and (2) performing a two-phase analysis of the evaporating flow through the entrance and vena contracta, which involves simulation of this region as a contraction from the up-stream to the throat, and an expansion from the throat to downstream. Results showed more compatibility with experimental data in comparison with those of previous investigations for predicting the critical flow condition of common refrigerants HFC-134a, HCFC-22, and HFC-410a through short-tube orifices. In addition, the developed numerical scheme was utilized in order to develop selection charts for short-tube orifices based on the common refrigerant HFC-134a and the alternative newly released hydrofluoroolefin refrigerants HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze.
Serial assessment of ventricular performance after valve replacement for aortic stenosis.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in cardiac function after aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic aortic stenosis. Eleven consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis were studied by radionuclide angiocardiography before; after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 18 to 24 hours; and late after operation. Measurements of cardiac output, mean systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar before and immediately after operation. Significant early changes were observed in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (27 to 13 mm Hg; p
‘Comfortable Contemplations’: The Effects of Franchise Expansion on Long Term Social- Partisan Alignments

I see in the Church of England an immense and omnipresent ramification of machinery working without cost to the people - and daily and hourly lifting the masses of the people, rich and poor alike, from the dead and dreary level of the lowest and most material cares of life, up to the comfortable contemplations of higher and serener form of existence and destiny. I see in the Church of England a centre, and a source, and a guide of charitable effort, mitigating by its mendicant importunity the violence of human misery, whether mental or physical, and contributing to the work of alleviation from its own not superfluous resources.
Quantified Dynamic Spectrum Access Paradigm

Quantified Dynamic Spectrum Access (QDSA) paradigm is a generic approach to spectrum sharing between multiple, spatially overlapping, heterogeneous RF systems. QDSA paradigm enables us to address the regulatory, technical, operational, and business impediments to the adoption of dynamic spectrum sharing. As spectrum-access rights are defined and enforced for an individual transceiver in quantified manner, dynamic spectrum-access can be regulated. The QDSA paradigm implies spectrum can be treated as a commodity. It brings in simplicity, precision, and efficiency in terms of spectrum management, operations, and commerce. With spectrum as a quantified resource perspective, the spectrum trade conversation could be on the following lines: I have x units of spectrum right now, I have given y units of spectrum to somebody and have z units of spare spectrum which I can share.
Regional anesthesia as the anesthetic of choice for high-risk surgical patients undergoing repair of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms with fenestrated stent grafts

Juxtarenal aortic aneurysms (JAAs) have been conventionally treated using open repair with excellent results. Recent approval of fenestrated stent grafts by the United States Food and Drug Administration has given patients with JAAs an alternative for repair. However, most of these procedures are still performed under general anesthesia, making some surgeons reluctant to offer repair to a subset of patients deemed too high risk for general anesthesia. We present three patients with JAAs at high surgical risk, including one patient with a ruptured aneurysm, who were successfully treated using a fenestrated stent graft under regional anesthesia.
Predictive Value of Flow Cytometric MRD Analysis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia at the End of Remission Induction Therapy.

Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in morphological remission may still have up to 10 10 residual malignant cells. Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) at the end of induction therapy allows better estimation of the leukaemic burden and can help selection of appropriate therapeutic strategies. Flow cytometric (FC) detection of MRD is based on the identification of immunophenotypic combinations expressed on leukaemic cells but not on normal hematopoietic cells - leukaemia associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs). We prospectively analysed bone marrow samples from 77 patients who presented with ALL to our unit between 1999–2003 and attained morphological remission. These patients were treated on a standard protocol. Multiparameter FC identification of LAIPs was performed at various time points, as dictated by the treatment protocol. Our results show that flow cytometric MRD at the end of induction therapy is an independent and the most significant predictor of relapse, both on univariate and multivariate analysis. The relapse risk was 4% if day 28 MRD was 0.01% (p
Shot noise-limited Cramér-Rao bound and algorithmic sensitivity for wavelength shifting interferometry

Sensitivity is a critical index to measure the temporal fluctuation of the retrieved optical pathlength in quantitative phase imaging system. However, an accurate and comprehensive analysis for sensitivity evaluation is still lacking in current literature. In particular, previous theoretical studies for fundamental sensitivity based on Gaussian noise models are not applicable to modern cameras and detectors, which are dominated by shot noise. In this paper, we derive two shot noiselimited theoretical sensitivities, Cramer-Rao bound and algorithmic sensitivity for wavelength shifting interferometry, which is a major category of on-axis interferometry techniques in quantitative phase imaging. Based on the derivations, we show that the shot noise-limited model permits accurate estimation of theoretical sensitivities directly from measured data. These results can provide important insights into fundamental constraints in system performance and can be used to guide system design and optimization. The same concepts can be generalized to other quantitative phase imaging techniques as well.
Introducing priority into hybrid attack graphs

With the cybersecurity of critical infrastructures becoming increasingly significant, methods for testing the security of cyber-physical systems are still under development. One promising method is hybrid attack graph (HAG) analysis. HAGs extend attack graphs to model the hybrid behavior of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Generating these graphs is computationally intensive, as the system state space is enormous, yet many states may not be physically realizable. This paper introduces the concept of priorities to hybrid attack graphs, which is designed to reduce state explosion while preserving all relevant attack paths. While designed for hybrid attack graphs, priorities can be applied to traditional attack graphs as well.
Two Catastrophes in One Patient: Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms and Toxic Shock Syndrome

A 70-year-old, immunocompromised patient presented to the emergency room (ER) five weeks after she was started on clopidogrel. She complained of skin eruption, mouth ulcers, fatigue, and myalgia over the past two weeks. Labs showed severe hyponatremia, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia, and elevated liver enzymes. She was treated with steroids and discharged after her condition improved. However, a month later, she returned to the ER, complaining of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, chills, and shortness of breath over the past two days. She was lethargic and had orthostatic hypotension. She deteriorated clinically within a few days, with worsening lethargy and the development of respiratory distress along with profound hypotension. She needed mechanical ventilation and vasopressors. In addition, she had melena, severe thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. With supportive care, she improved and was discharged after a long stay in the intensive care unit. Retrospectively, the first hospitalization was believed to be caused by drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Treating that with steroids compromised her immune system beyond her pre-existing primary immunodeficiency status. At the time of her second hospitalization, she met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for a toxic shock syndrome (TSS) diagnosis. Her TSS started four days after a skin biopsy, which was done as part of her skin rash workup. It was thought that the source of the exotoxin that mediated her TSS was her skin, given the temporal relationship of the skin biopsy to her TSS. Another potential source of the exotoxin was the gastrointestinal tract, given the predominant gastrointestinal symptoms she had at the time of her second admission.
Ritual space as borderland: building and breaching ritual borders in eastern central Gujarat

This essay discusses the fundamental structure of ritual practice among the Rathvas, an adivasi group in Chhotaudepur district, Gujarat. It examines in some detail various sites of ritual practice to show how Rathvas imaginatively construct borders at these sites. At times Rathvas elaborate upon pre-existing natural or artificial borders, while at other times they construct a border where none existed previously; they do both in order to locate a place for devs, devis and ancestors. The essay then suggests that Rathvas construct these borders in order to breach them imaginatively and interact with devs, devis and ancestors via ritual practice. Elements within contemporary cognitive science, such as the notion of subconscious mental processing, the image schemata developed by Mark Johnson and utilized by George Lakoff, and analyses of theory of mind, can help to explain these practices. By contrast, a strong tradition in the study of religions that has focused upon sacred space does not. Rathva rituals occur at specific places, but they do not necessarily construct sacred spaces. In doing so, they are not unique.
The Physics of the Benthic Boundary Layer

Physical laws governing profiles of velocity, temperature, and dissolved substance in the benthic boundary layer are discussed (some measurements of highly unstable temperature profiles near the deep-sea floor remain unexplained). Deep-sea and shelf boundary layers are compared. The effects of fluctuations with a wide range of time scales are described.
Restoration of turbulence degraded images - A review

The paper surveys techniques for recovering high resolution information from atmospheric turbulence degraded images. Several approaches to image restoration are covered, noting that the effectiveness of each technique is strongly dependent on the brightness and the angular extent of the object being observed. These approaches include: speckle holography and betelgence imaging, nonredundant aperture imaging, phase retrieval, and speckle imaging. In addition, the applications and the expected performance range of the various techniques are discussed.
Critical appraisal of pathology transmission in the α-synuclein fibril model of Lewy body disorders.

Lewy body disorders are characterized by the emergence of α-synucleinopathy in many parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including in the telencephalon. Dense α-synuclein+ pathology appears in regio inferior of the hippocampus in both Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies and may disturb cognitive function. The preformed α-synuclein fibril model of Parkinson's disease is growing in use, given its potential for seeding the self-propagating spread of α-synucleinopathy throughout the mammalian brain. Although it is often assumed that the spread occurs through neuroanatomical connections, this is generally not examined vis-a-vis the uptake and transport of tract-tracers infused at precisely the same stereotaxic coordinates. As the neuronal connections of the hippocampus are historically well defined, we examined the first-order spread of α-synucleinopathy three months following fibril infusions centered in the mouse regio inferior (CA2+CA3), and contrasted this to retrograde and anterograde transport of the established tract-tracers FluoroGold and biotinylated dextran amines (BDA). Massive hippocampal α-synucleinopathy was insufficient to elicit memory deficits or loss of cells and synaptic markers in this model of early disease processes. However, dense α-synuclein+ inclusions in the fascia dentata were negatively correlated with memory capacity. A modest compensatory increase in synaptophysin was evident in the stratum radiatum of cornu Ammonis in fibril-infused animals, and synaptophysin expression correlated inversely with memory function in fibril but not PBS-infused mice. No changes in synapsin I/II expression were observed. The spread of α-synucleinopathy was somewhat, but not entirely consistent with FluoroGold and BDA axonal transport, suggesting that variables other than innervation density also contribute to the materialization of α-synucleinopathy. For example, layer II entorhinal neurons of the perforant pathway exhibited somal α-synuclein+ inclusions as well as retrogradely labeled FluoroGold+ somata. However, some afferent brain regions displayed dense retrograde FluoroGold label and no α-synuclein+ inclusions (e.g. medial septum/diagonal band), supporting the selective vulnerability hypothesis. The pattern of inclusions on the contralateral side was consistent with specific spread through commissural connections (e.g. stratum pyramidale of CA3), but again, not all commissural projections exhibited α-synucleinopathy (e.g. hilar mossy cells). The topographical extent of inclusions is displayed here in high-resolution images that afford viewers a rich opportunity to dissect the potential spread of pathology through neural circuitry. Finally, the results of this expository study were leveraged to highlight the challenges and limitations of working with preformed α-synuclein fibrils.
Workplace Signaling and Financial Commitment: Evidence from a Field Experiment

We provide evidence of strategic behavior in financial decisions that occur in the workplace and are observable to one's employer. We offer factory workers the opportunity to sign up for a commitment savings account that credibly signals the intention to remain employed with the firm. Workers are more likely to sign up when the account is endorsed by their employer and their decision is observed by the firm. An experiment with the firm's managers shows that the firm is more likely to invest in the human capital of workers with accounts, suggesting that financial commitment is rewarded by the employer.
Detection system fusion based on the predictive value curve and its variations

This paper presents a method to quantify detection system families (DSFs) based upon the Precision-Recall (PR) curve and variations of the PR curve. The PR curve is related to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC curve of a detection system family shows the trade-off between the probabilities of a true positive classification versus the probability of a false positive classification. The conditional probabilities are conditioned on the true outcomes. The PR curve is similar in the sense that the conditional probabilities are conditioned on the outcomes of the detection systems that "say" they are true outcomes. We present the function that produces the PR curve, called the PR function. We produce the (nonlinear) transformation that relates the ROC function to the Precision-Recall function. We discuss variations of the Precision-Recall function that will be useful. Given two detection system families A and B, for which we know their respective ROC functions, we know the transformation that produces the ROC function of the conjunction of A with B, and the ROC function of the disjunction of A with B. We review these transformations and relate them to the PR functions. In particular, given the PR functions for detection system families A and B, we produce the PR functions for the detection system families A conjoin B and A disjoin B. Examples are given that demonstrate the theory and usefulness of the transformation to predict the performance of the fused systems. The extension to multiple label classification systems will be presented.
Plant-Derived Extracts and Compounds: An Alternative Therapy Against Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is among the second overall cause for death in women. In 2012, 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer have been reported worldwide. Emerging modern cancer therapy advocates the usage of alternative natural sources for cure and prevention of breast cancer. Plant sources are most widely used for naturally derived anticancer agents. Plant crude extracts, plant-derived compounds, and secondary metabolites have shown anticancer healing or protective property. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to summarize the various plant sources having the potential to be used as an anti-breast cancer agent.
Targeting of proteins to the vacuole

The plant vacuole is a dynamic multifunctional organelle that is essential for the regulation and maintenance of plant cell growth and development [1, 2]. A wide array of functions or characteristics associated with the vacuole are performed by proteins. A majority of these enzymes and proteins are delivered to the vacuole by way of the secretory pathway [3–6]. Electron microscopy (EM) has been useful in defining vacuolar morphology in various cell types and EM immunocytochemical localization has made a significant contribution in the identification of proteins associated with this organelle [7]. However, EM by itself has its own limitations and therefore the development of biochemical and molecular approaches was necessary for the analysis of protein sorting to the vacuole. Over the last three to four years, these newly developed approaches have been instrumental in the identification and characterization of the vacuolar targeting signals in plants [8–19]. The main focus of current research is the isolation and characterization of the components involved in the sorting and delivery of proteins to the plant vacuole. In this chapter, we will describe some of the basic techniques used to study protein targeting to the vacuole in tobacco plants.
Idiopathic Urethrorrhagia in Boys

Abstract During an 11-year period 21 toilet-trained, prepubertal boys were seen with blood spotting on the undershorts (urethrorrhagia) between voidings. Most patients presented in the winter and spring months as opposed to the summer and fall months. The median age at presentation was 7 years. The most frequent presenting symptom, in addition to urethrorrhagia, was dysuria. Laboratory and radiographic studies were frequently normal, although red blood cells were seen microscopically in 57 per cent. Bacterial cultures were always negative. Symptoms persisted for as long as 8 years (median between 6 and 12 months). The etiology of this symptom complex in these cases is unknown but is thought to be an infectious agent. Strictures developed in 3 patients, all of whom had had prior endoscopy. In none of the 6 patients in whom cystoscopy was omitted did a stricture develop. Inasmuch as endoscopy is unnecessary to rule out serious lesions that might mimic idiopathic urethrorrhagia, its use on a routine basis in these patients does not seem warranted.
Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 13th Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES 2014), held in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, on November 3, 2014, in conjunction with the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS). In response to the workshop's call for papers, 67 papers were submitted to the conference from 25 different countries. Each paper has been reviewed by three members of the program committee, who considered its significance, novelty, technical quality, and interest for the research and industy communities in their evaluation. The program committee's work was carried out electronically, yielding intensive discussion. Of the submitted papers, the program committee accepted 17 full papers and 9 short papers (an acceptance rate of 39%) for presentation at the workshop.
Comparative evaluation of irrigation waters on microbiological safety of spinach in field.

AIMS Effect of ground water (GW), secondary-treated wastewater (STWW) and roof-harvested rainwater (RHW) irrigation on microbiological quality of spinach in field was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Spinach grown at the Fulton farm (Chambersburg, PA) was spray-irrigated with GW, STWW or RHW once a week for 2 weeks in summer and fall seasons. Four replicate spinach and soil samples collected from two plots for each group were analysed for indicator and pathogenic bacteria on 0, 1, 2 and 4 days postirrigation (dpi). While total coliforms remained unchanged on spinach regardless of the treatment waters and growing seasons, populations of faecal coliform significantly decreased on RHW- and STWW-irrigated spinach as compared to spinach irrigated with GW at 4 dpi of each week in fall. Irrigation with STWW that contained Escherichia coli population <1·0 log CFU per 100 ml resulted in the lowest E. coli recovery on spinach in fall. Bacterial pathogens were not detected in any sample. CONCLUSIONS The transference of indicator micro-organisms from irrigation waters to plants was influenced by the type of water and growing season. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Alternative water sources such as STWW and RHW containing low indicator bacterial populations may be suitable for spinach irrigation in the mid-Atlantic region. However, microbiological quality of these waters must be determined prior to their use for irrigation.
Digital Video as Research Practice: Methodology for the Millennium

This essay has its origin in a project on the globalization of science that rediscovered the wisdom of past research practices through the technology of the future. The main argument of this essay is that a convergence of digital video technologies with practices of social surveillance portends a methodological shift towards a new variety of qualitative methodology. Digital video is changing the way that students of the social world practice their craft, offering not just new ways of presenting but new ways of practicing field research. We introduce concepts of the fluid wall and videoactive context to emphasize that (1) the camera is an actor in the research process, and (2) both behaviour and observation occur in both directions--in front of and behind the camera. While these practices and procedures are novel in some ways, they may also be viewed as old methods in the context of new instruments for recording as well as a new social understanding of these instruments. Since new technologies interact with the social context, the digital video methods we discuss in this essay are likely to become increasingly important for generations to come. We provide an overview of the use of digital video in research practice and present an account of the use of digital video methodology in Chile.
Outcomes of Expandable Prostheses for Primary Bone Malignancies in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Systematic Review and Pooled Data Analysis.

BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma and other primary bone malignancies are relatively common in skeletally immature patients. Current literature features case series with disparate complication rates, making it difficult for surgeons to educate patients on outcomes after limb salvage with expandable prostheses. This study aims to provide an update on complication rates, mortality, and functional outcomes in patients who undergo limb salvage with expandable prostheses for primary bone malignancies. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An exhaustive PubMed/Medline and Cochrane search of peer-reviewed published literature from 1997 to 2017 was performed, yielding a total of 1350 studies. After multiple rounds of review for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 retrospective studies were included. All were level IV evidence of case series and retrospective studies. Overall, this included 634 total patients and 292 patients with individual patient data. The primary outcomes studied were complication rates, mortality, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score. Secondary outcomes included complication rate subtypes, number of lengthening procedures, mean amount lengthened, and prevalence of limb length discrepancies. RESULTS A total of 292 patients with individual patient data averaged 10.1 years at the surgery and had a mean follow-up of 67 months. Two hundred sixteen patients (74%) had tumors of the distal femur. MSTS scores averaged 80.3 and overall mortality was 22%. Patients with distal femur tumors averaged 4.4 lengthening procedures and 43 mm lengthened. Leg length discrepancy (LLD) was 36% overall, which increased with longer periods of follow-up (P 10 years of follow-up. Minimally invasive prostheses had lower rates of complications than noninvasive prostheses (P=0.024), specifically mechanical complications (P=0.028), mostly because of increased rates of lengthening and device failure in the noninvasive models (21% vs. 4%, P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Despite its limitations, which include entirely heterogenous and retrospective case series data, this systematic review provides clinicians with pooled summary data representing the largest summary of outcomes after reconstruction with expandable prostheses to date. This analysis can assist surgeons to better understand and educate their patients and their families on functional outcomes, mortality, and complication rates after limb-sparing reconstruction with expandable prostheses for primary bone malignancies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV-retrospective case series with pooled data.
Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants' Diminished Returns.

Introduction Although income is among the major social determinants of mental health of middle-aged and older individuals, socially marginalized groups gain less health from their income and other socioeconomic status (SES) resources compared to socially privileged groups. This pattern is called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). Most of the existing knowledge on MDRs, however, has been derived from studies that have defined marginalization based on race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. As a result, very limited information exists on whether similar MDRs can be observed for middle-aged and older immigrants or not. Building on the MDRs framework, this study compared a national sample of immigrants and non-immigrants for the effects of income on the mental well-being of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) enrolled 14 149 middle-aged and older individuals who were either immigrants (n=1977; 14.0%) or non-immigrants (n=12 166; 86.0%). The independent variable (IV) was income that was treated as a continuous variable. The dependent variable was mental well-being, also treated as a continuous variable. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, marital status, employment, self-rated health, obesity, and region were confounders. Immigration (nativity status) was the moderator. Logistic regression was applied for data analysis. Results High income was associated with higher odds of good mental well-being in middle-aged and older adults. However, immigration showed a significant statistical interaction with income, which was suggestive of a smaller protective effect of high income on mental well-being for immigrant than non-immigrant middle-aged and older adults. Conclusion In line with MDRs, the association between income and mental well-being is weaker for immigrant than non-immigrant middle-aged and older adults. There is a need to help high income immigrants secure health outcomes similar to those of non-immigrants. Such changes may require bold and innovative economic, public, and social policies that help immigrants more effectively translate their income and socioeconomic resources into tangible outcomes such as mental well-being.
The Impact of Music on Nociceptive Processing

OBJECTIVE Music has been shown to modulate pain, although the impact of music on specific aspects of nociceptive processing is less well understood. Using quantitative sensory testing (QST), we assessed the impact of a novel music app on specific aspects of nociceptive processing. DESIGN Within-subjects paired comparison of pain processing in control vs music condition. SETTING Human psychophysical laboratory. SUBJECTS Sixty healthy adult volunteers. METHODS Subjects were assessed for baseline anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing using validated questionnaires. QSTs measured included 1) pain threshold and tolerance to deep muscle pressure, 2) pain with mechanical pinprick, 3) temporal summation of pain (TSP) with a repeated pain stimulus, and 4) conditioned pain modulation (CPM) with a second painful stimulus. QSTs were performed in the absence and presence of music delivered through a music app. RESULTS We found an increase in pressure pain thresholds in both the forearm (P = 0.007) and trapezius (P = 0.002) with music, as well as a decrease in the amount of pinprick pain (P < 0.001) and TSP (P = 0.01) with music. Interestingly, CPM was also significantly diminished (P < 0.001) in the music condition. No significant difference in cold pain, anxiety, or situational catastrophizing was observed with music. Higher baseline pain catastrophizing scores were associated with less music-induced pressure pain reduction. CONCLUSIONS Several measures of mechanical pain sensitivity were reduced with music. TSP, a measure of central sensitization, also decreased with music, but CPM, a measure of descending modulation of pain, was not further augmented by music.
A Wearable Sensor System to Measure Step-Based Gait Parameters for Parkinson’s Disease Rehabilitation

Spatiotemporal parameters of gait serve as an important biomarker to monitor gait impairments as well as to develop rehabilitation systems. In this work, we developed a computationally-efficient algorithm (SDI-Step) that uses segmented double integration to calculate step length and step time from wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) and assessed its ability to reliably and accurately measure spatiotemporal gait parameters. Two data sets that included simultaneous measurements from wearable sensors and from a laboratory-based system were used in the assessment. The first data set utilized IMU sensors and a GAITRite mat in our laboratory to monitor gait in fifteen participants: 9 young adults (YA1) (5 females, 4 males, age 23.6 ± 1 years), and 6 people with Parkinson's disease (PD) (3 females, 3 males, age 72.3 ± 6.6 years). The second data set, which was accessed from a publicly-available repository, utilized IMU sensors and an optoelectronic system to monitor gait in five young adults (YA2) (2 females, 3 males, age 30.5 ± 3.5 years). In order to provide a complete representation of validity, we used multiple statistical analyses with overlapping metrics. Gait parameters such as step time and step length were calculated and the agreement between the two measurement systems for each gait parameter was assessed using Passing-Bablok (PB) regression analysis and calculation of the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC (2,1)) with 95% confidence intervals for a single measure, absolute-agreement, 2-way mixed-effects model. In addition, Bland-Altman (BA) plots were used to visually inspect the measurement agreement. The values of the PB regression slope were close to 1 and intercept close to 0 for both step time and step length measures. The results obtained using ICC (2,1) for step length showed a moderate to excellent agreement for YA (between 0.81 and 0.95) and excellent agreement for PD (between 0.93 and 0.98), while both YA and PD had an excellent agreement in step time ICCs (>0.9). Finally, examining the BA plots showed that the measurement difference was within the limits of agreement (LoA) with a 95% probability. Results from this preliminary study indicate that using the SDI-Step algorithm to process signals from wearable IMUs provides measurements that are in close agreement with widely-used laboratory-based systems and can be considered as a valid tool for measuring spatiotemporal gait parameters.
Artificial Neural Networks as Mappings between Proton Potentials, Wave Functions, Densities, and Energy Levels.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become important in quantum chemistry. Herein, applications to nuclear quantum effects, such as zero-point energy, vibrationally excited states, and hydrogen tunneling, are explored. ANNs are used to solve the time-independent Schrodinger equation for single- and double-well potentials representing hydrogen-bonded molecular systems capable of proton transfer. ANN mappings are trained to predict the lowest five proton vibrational energies, wave functions, and densities from the proton potentials and to predict the excited state proton vibrational energies and densities from the proton ground state density. For the inverse problem, ANN mappings are trained to predict the proton potential from the proton vibrational energy levels or the proton ground state density. This latter mapping is theoretically justified by the first Hohenberg-Kohn theorem establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the external potential and the ground state density. ANNs for two- and three-dimensional systems are also presented to illustrate the straightforward extension to higher dimensions.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Study of Innovative Pin-Fin Cooling Configuration

The Paper involves experimental and numerical heat transfer analyses of four pin-fin cooling configurations in a rectangular channel. Two design concepts were studied with two separate pin-fin (cyl...
Initial conditions influence effects of prescribed burns and deer exclosure fences on tree regeneration and understory diversity in Appalachian oak-dominated forests

Abstract Sustaining oak-dominated forests that support regionally important biodiversity in the Appalachian Mountains is a substantial challenge for land managers due to mesophication – a region-wide phenomenon in which forest composition shifts from oaks to shade tolerant, mesic species such as maples. To inform oak forest management that includes biodiversity preservation as a management objective, we established a two treatment factorial design experiment at two sites to determine the effects of prescribed fire and deer herbivory on tree regeneration and understory plant diversity in dry oak-dominated forests. Data were collected before and after treatments were applied. Prescribed burns altered species composition to favor fire-adapted species and deer exclosure fences protected woody and herbaceous species sensitive to deer browse at both sites, however the initial conditions in the forests profoundly influenced the effects of these treatments. Prescribed fires promoted oak seedlings over maple seedling where oak seedlings were well stocked. Conversely, burning favored maple seedlings to the detriment of oak seedlings in areas where chronic over-browsing resulted in a depauperate understory. Although fire reduced understory plant cover at both sites, overall understory species richness was not affected by burning. This suggests that prescribed fire did not have detrimental effects on forest understory diversity, although herbaceous species diversity was significantly reduced by burning the site with an initially depauperate understory. Fencing resulted in large increases in species richness and cover of understory plants, including more than doubling the cover of tree seedlings and the abundance of tall seedlings in fenced plots, as well as shifts in understory composition towards species sensitive to deer browse. The herbaceous layer in this study contained nearly 6 species for every one species found in the tree canopy, reaffirming the importance of the herbaceous layer in the biodiversity of Appalachian oak-dominated forests. These results provide guidance to managers of protected areas seeking to enhance oak regeneration while maintaining or promoting native plant diversity in the forest understory.
Outcome of competition between two Daphnia species in the absence of predators: laboratory experiment findings support field observations

Zooplankton communities are typically comprised of smaller-bodied species when size-selective fish predators are abundant, but become dominated by large-bodied species when fish predators are scarce. Superiority by larger-bodied grazers over smaller-bodied species in competition for algal resources has been proposed to be the mechanism responsible for this observed pattern. To investigate this mechanism, we performed a laboratory experiment with two freshwater zooplankton species, the larger-bodied Daphnia pulicaria and smaller-bodied D. mendotae, obtained from Square Lake (Washington County, Minnesota). The Daphnia species were grown in monoculture and in combination over a 24-day period to assess the outcome of competition between the two species and their effect on algae cell densities. We hypothesized that the larger-bodied D. pulicaria species would outcompete D. mendotae, and that D. pulicaria would exert greater control on algae levels than would D. mendotae. Results of the experiment strongly supported these hypotheses, and were consistent with findings of a recently completed field study of Square Lake that discovered that terminating the program of stocking rainbow trout (a zooplanktivorous predator) in the lake resulted in D. pulicaria replacing D. mendotae as the dominant Daphnia species and in the reduction of algae levels in the lake's surface waters.
Don’t Ban Facial Recognition

At approximately 2:50 p.m. on April 15, 2013, two bombs exploded close to the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and wounding another 250. The authorities were able to gain images of the terrorists, but were frantically seeking to establish their identities, to catch them before they planted more bombs, which turned out not to be an idle fear. Unable to identify the terrorists over three days, the FBI released their photographs, asking the public to help. Using current versions of facial recognition (FR), law enforcement could have identified them within three minutes.
Book Review: The Twentieth Century Civil Rights Movement: An Africana Studies Perspective by Mark Christian

There are many histories on the US Civil Right Movement, but none approaches the familiar saga of the Black freedom struggle with the intent to ground it within the discipline of Africana Studies. Mark Christian relies on decades of student curiosity and wonder about the Civil Rights Movement to structure his retelling in ways that align with his pedagogy. He features African American historical contexts, analyses of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr., the activism of Black women in the Movement, and insightful chapters on the era’s liberal politics. Christian prompts readers to broaden their application of the movement’s contemporary interpretation by boldly offering more sociological and psychological explanations of racism and pathology and by grounding his arguments in an Africana Studies disciplinary lexicon.
Giving Birth in Shackles: A Constitutional and Human Rights Violation

Introduction 223 Background 224 I. Where and How Shackling Is Happening 224 II. Effects of Shackling on Women’s Physical and Mental Health 226 III. Shackling Affects a Significant Number of American Women Each Year 227 IV. Legislative Efforts to Ban Shackling in California, Illinois, and New York 228 Analysis 231 I. Shackling Violates the U.S. Constitution 231 II. Human Rights Law is Persuasive Authority 237 III. Shackling Violates International Human Rights 239 A. Broad Protections for Pregnancy and Maternity 239 B. Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health 243 C. Right to Integrity and Security of Person 249 D. Right to Dignity and Freedom from Cruel, Inhumane, and Degrading Treatment or Punishment 250 Conclusion 255
Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections

Haemophilus influenzae type b is a human bacterial pathogen that causes approximately 12,000 cases of H influenzae type b meningitis and 7500 cases of other forms of invasive disease annually in the United States. This organism is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States. The cause of meningitis can be established more accurately than that of other forms of invasive bacterial disease because the isolation of the bacterium from the cerebrospinal fluid or blood and/or the detection of bacterial antigen can correctly attribute the infection to a specific bacterial agent and dictate appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In children, more than 95% of all invasive diseases attributable to Haemophilus species, including septicemia, pneumonia, epiglottis, cellulitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and pericarditis, are due to H influenzae type b. It has been estimated that systemic disease caused by H influenzae type b occurs in approximately 1 in 200 children in the United States before the age of five. The case fatality rate for H influenzae type b meningitis is approximately 5%, and substantial morbidity has also been documented to result from central nervous system infection with this agent. Of surviving children reported in a 1969 paper, 40% had significant neurologic sequelae after meningitis. A more recent study demonstrated substantial neurologic improvement during the first few months after hospitalization, but at 1 year of age 8% of the children had neurologic or intellectual sequelae of their meningitis. Milder defects with an array of developmental problems have been reported in as many as one third to one half of all survivors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Flow profile of regular and fast-setting elastomeric impression materials using a shark fin testing device.

Statement of the Problem: Light-bodied impression materials with high flow over time are needed to capture preparation margins, particularly with impressions of multiple preparations. Purpose: The flow of five different impression materials (three vinyl polysiloxane, one polyether, and one hybrid) of two setting times (fast and regular) was compared over 30-second intervals. Materials and Methods: Flow was measured using a shark fin testing apparatus (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). A weighted metal caste was suspended above a cup of impression material. The caste was dropped into the impression material, which displaced the material and caused it to flow into a triangular notch within the caste, creating a “shark fin.” The test was repeated for each specimen at 30-second increments. These shark fin molds were kept in an incubator to allow setting of the impression materials. After complete setting, the height of the “shark fin” was measured. The data were analyzed using separate two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD post hoc analyses to determine significant intergroup differences (p = 0.05). Results: Shark fin values differed significantly among materials and at each time interval (p = 0.05). Polyether impression materials produced the greatest flow when compared with the vinyl polysiloxane and hybrid materials. Conclusion: Based on the limitations of this study and the materials used, polyether impression material had a better flow profile compared with the vinyl polysiloxane and hybrid materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE An impression material must be selected based on the consistency and flow properties of the material, its setting time, anatomic aspects of the preparation, and speed of the operator. Impressions with deep subgingival margins and/or multiple preparations may be better captured with a polyether impression material.
The impact of individualistic and collectivistic orientation on the judgment of self‐presentation

The aims of this paper are two-fold: (i) to examine the impact of audience individualism and collectivism orientation on the judgment of strategic self-presentations and (ii) to test whether audience individualism and collectivism orientation would affect the importance of likeability and competence in determining social outcomes. In two studies, participants evaluated modest and boastful presentations in an achievement context. It was found that the more collectivistic the audience was, the more likely the modest presenter was to be rated as likable, competent, and deserving of a desirable social outcome. In contrast, the more individualistic the audience was, the more likely the boastful presenter was to be rated as likeable, competent, and deserving of a desirable social outcome. The importance of likeability and competence in predicting the final social outcome was moderated by audience individualism and collectivism orientation. Likeability was more important in deciding the social outcome for those who were more collectivistic than for those who were less so (Study 1). Competence was more important in determining the social outcome for those who were more individualistic (Study 2). These studies build a potential theoretical bridge between social influence and social perception/social judgment literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.