cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of time perspective latent profiles on college drinking: a multidimensional approach.

Background: Zimbardo and Boyd's1 time perspective, or the temporal framework individuals use to process information, has been shown to predict health behaviors such as alcohol use. Previous studies supported the predictive validity of individual dimensions of time perspective, with some dimensions acting as protective factors and others as risk factors. However, some studies produced findings contrary to the general body of literature. In addition, time perspective is a multidimensional construct, and the combination of perspectives may be more predictive than individual dimensions in isolation; consequently, multidimensional profiles are a more accurate measure of individual differences and more appropriate for predicting health behaviors. Objectives: The current study identified naturally occurring profiles of time perspective and examined their association with risky alcohol use. Methods: Data were collected from a college student sample (n = 431, mean age = 20.41 years) using an online survey. Time pe...
Centralized Power Control of 65 000-Horsepower Pump Motors at Grand Coulee Dam

The facilities of the Grand Coulee Pumping Plant and the original starting procedures used for the 65 000-hp synchronous motor-driven pumps are briefly described, followed by a description and schematic diagrams of the controls now used in the automatic centralized power control scheme. The starting, stopping, and remote annunciation systems associated with the pumps are described in detail. A description of the control system for the 108 000-kW generator associated with the pump unit is also included. The system has proved very satisfactory, and after one season of operation with the centralized power control scheme, only two minor modifications were made to provide greater reliability.
Idempotent Method for Deception Games and Complexity Attenuation

Abstract We extend the applicability of idempotent methods to deterministic dynamic games through the min-max distributive property. This induces a very high curse-of-complexity. A representation of the space of max-plus hypo-convex functions as a min-max linear space is used to obtain a method for attenuating this complexity growth. This is applied in a game of search and deception. The problem is formulated as a dynamic game over a max-plus probability simplex.
Clinical evaluation of sequentially scheduled cisplatin and vm26 in neuroblastoma: Response and toxicity

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) and VM26, both of which have been proven efficient in treating neuroblastoma, were combined in a sequential schedule and administered to 22 children with disseminated neuroblastomas resistant to treatment with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (Adriamycin). During this same study, 14 children were prospectively evaluated for the effect of CDDP on magnesium metabolism and the effect of the induced hypomagnesemia on parathyroid function. Complete or partial tumor responses were achieved in six and nine cases, respectively and were of prolonged duration (longer than six months) in eight of the 15 responding. It was also shown that CDDP-induced hypomagnesemia is the result of excessive renal loss and is severe enough to interfere with the normal parathormone response to hypocalcemia.
Role of Predatory Fish in Community Dynamics of an Ephemeral Stream

In enclosed runs in a third-order ephemeral stream in west-central Kentucky, the effects of predatory sunfish (Lepomis) on benthic macroinvertebrates, benthic algae, and detritivory were compared (...
Quantitative Light Microscopic Autoradiographic Study on [3H]Leukotriene C4 Binding to Nonpregnant Bovine Uterine Tissue

Mammalian uteri contain both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Sulfidopeptidyl leukotrienes formed by the lipoxygenase pathway can stimulate uterine contractions and play a role in uterine preparation for implantation. These actions of leukotrienes are perhaps mediated by binding to specific receptors. To understand the cellular basis of leukotriene C4 action, the present quantitative light microscopic autoradiographic study was undertaken on nonpregnant bovine uterine tissue. The results demonstrated that the circular and elongated myometrial smooth muscle, uterine vascular smooth muscle, stromal cells of endometrium, and fibroblasts of perimetrium, but not the endometrial glands, vascular endothelium, and erythrocytes in lumen of arterioles, contained specific silver grains after incubation with [3H] leukotriene C4. The number of grains per 100-/tm2 areas were similar in circular and elongated myometrial smooth muscle (P < 0.05), which was higher than in other uter...
Discussion of evaluation of federal laboratories.

The conundrum for the scientific community is obvious. It is not hard to imagine outcome measures for processing of Social Security forms, procuring new weapons, or enforcing environmental standards. However, what outcome measures should the government apply to the use of public funds to support fundamental research? Managers at NSF, ARL, and other agencies are now wrestling with that question. It is not simple. As the 1995 NAS/NAE/IOM report on Allocation of Federal Funds for Science and Technology observed:Any system to allocate resources should be guided by explicit goals, expressing the underlying philosophy and criteria for evaluating performance. But a clear message emerges from the abundant …
A rare discipline

Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Edited by Michael E. Soule Sinauer/Blackwell Scientific: 1986. Pp.584. Hbk$50, £40; pbk $27.95, £23.
A proposal for Coulomb assisted laser cooling of piezoelectric semiconductors

Anti-Stokes laser cooling of semiconductors as a compact and vibration-free method is very attractive. While it has achieved significant milestones, increasing its efficiency is highly desirable. The main limitation is the lack of the pristine material quality with high luminescence efficiency. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that the Coulomb interaction among electrons and holes in piezoelectric heterostructures could lead to coherent damping of acoustic phonons; rendering a significantly higher efficiency that leads to the possibility of cooling a broad range of semiconductors.
Monitoring of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials to determine the safety of sacrificing the anterior cerebral artery

Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) reflect the functional integrity of somatosensory pathways from the site of stimulation to the primary somatosensory cortex. We used intraoperative monitoring of cortical SSEPs to determine whether the right anterior cerebral artery (RACA), the major feeding vessel of a large arteriovenous malformation (AVM), could be sacrificed without compromising sensorimotor function in the left lower extremity. The SSEPs recorded after test occlusion of the RACA showed preservation of the initial cortical positivity, and the RACA was divided. The AVM was excised completely, and the patient suffered no neurological deficit.
Scenting Waldo: analyzing olfactory scenes

Olfaction has often been described as a 'synthetic' sense. A study now reveals a surprising capacity to resolve individual odorants in complex mixtures, with implications for how the nervous system recognizes objects.
Progesterone antagonizes the positive influence of estrogen on Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E in an Ishikawa/SHT-290 co-culture model.

Studies indicate that estrogen enhances Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E infection in genital epithelial cells. Hormones have direct and indirect effects on endometrial epithelial cells. Estrogen and progesterone exposure induces endometrial stromal cells to release effectors that subsequently regulate growth and maturation of uterine epithelial cells. Estrogen enhances C. trachomatis infection by aiding entry and intracellular development in endometrial epithelial cell (Ishikawa, IK)/SHT-290 stromal cell co-culture. Enhanced chlamydial infection was mediated by direct estrogen-stimulated signaling events in epithelial cells and indirectly via estrogen-induced stromal cell effectors. The current study investigates the effects of hormones on chlamydial development using culture conditions representative of the menstrual cycle. Chlamydia trachomatis -infected IK or IK/SHT-290 cultures were exposed to 10−8 M estrogen (E2), 10−7 M progesterone (P4) or a combination of both hormones (10−8 M E2 followed by 10−9 M E2/10−7 M P4). Chlamydial infectivity and progeny production were significantly decreased (30–66%) in cultures exposed to progesterone or estrogen/progesterone combination compared to estrogen alone. Thus, progesterone antagonized the positive effects of estrogen on chlamydial infection. These data indicate the susceptibility of endometrial epithelial cells to C. trachomatis infection during the menstrual cycle is altered by phase specific actions of sex hormones in the genital tract.
The electrocardiogram during exercise as recorded by radioelectrocardiography

Abstract The electrocardiogram during the standard Master two-step test was studied and compared with the postexercise tracings in a total of 296 subjects. A radioelectrocardiograph system based on the principle of broadcasting the electrocardiogram was used. The records obtained with this method show a steady baseline. In addition the method permits the taking of records during various forms of activity performed far from the recording apparatus. The changes during exercise in 127 apparently healthy persons below the age of forty years consisted of a decrease of the amplitude of the T wave to complete flattening (54 per cent), S-T segment depression of the junction type (13 per cent), occasional ischemic S-T segment depression (4 per cent) or T wave inversion (3 per cent) and occasional extrasystoles. Only one subject had persistent ischemic S-T segment depression. The following criteria for abnormality were used: appearance or increase of an ischemic S-T segment depression over 1 mm.; elevation of an isoelectric or previously depressed S-T segment over 1 mm. of the control; T wave inversion; reversion of a negative T wave to an upright position; marked changes in the contour of the QRS complex; or appearance of multiple extrasystoles. Sixty-six patients with hypertensive and/or arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease with normal resting electrocardiograms or evidence of mild left ventricular hypertrophy showed the following electrocardiographic changes during and after exercise: 19.5 per cent had probably or definitely abnormal records only or chiefly during exercise; 9 per cent had changes only or chiefly after exercise; and 6 per cent had equal changes during and after exercise. Eighty-one patients with hypertensive and/or arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease with abnormal resting electrocardiograms (ST-T changes in one or more leads) showed the following changes during and after exercise: 33 per cent had abnormalities only or chiefly during exercise; 11 per cent only or chiefly after exercise; and 13 per cent both during and after exercise. Of thirty-eight patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (included in the 147 patients with hypertensive-arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease), six had changes only or chiefly during exercise and nine both during and after exercise. Of twenty-two patients with miscellaneous (primarily noncardiac) diseases, seven had abnormalities during exercise and only three after exercise. It is concluded that the electrocardiogram during exercise is an extremely valuable adjunct in the detection of myocardial disease since the information obtained during this period is often unavailable or inadequately shown in the postexercise period.
Preliminary Design Considerations on Epicyclic Gears in Aircraft High-Lift Systems

Simple and compound planetary gears are extensively used on aircraft high lift applications, which include leading edge and trailing edge actuators. These gears are usually highly loaded and compact in size. Preliminary design considerations that have far-reaching effects on actuator sizing are discussed herein. These include the selection of actuators, the arrangement of planets, the counting of tooth hits, the effect of synchronization or non-synchronization, the instantaneous efficiency, and the ease of assembly.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Denial of deviant sexual arousal and psychopathology in child molesters

To provide information about whether alleged sex offenders honestly report their patterns of sexual interest and whether this varies with self-report of symptoms of psychopathology, the present study assessed 75 alleged child molesters and 41 normal subjects using a subjective index of self-reported sexual, interest known as the Pictorial Sexual Interest Card Sort (PSICS) and the MMPI. Results indicated that child molesters who denied allegations reported significantly less sexual interest in children than did admitters or normal subjects. Self-report of low deviant sexual interest was associated with minimization of psychopathology for child molesters. Individuals who molested boys reported significantly more sexual interest in boys and men than did normal subjects or individuals who molested girls. Individuals who molested girls reported less interest in adult women than did normal subjects. Incestuous child molesters admitted to less sexual interest in children than did nonincestuous child molesters. The latter results further support the use of the PSICS as a subjective self-report measure of sexual interest. However, clinicians should be especially cautious about accepting self-reports of deviant sexual interest by child molesters who deny deviant sexual behavior and minimize psychopathology.
Studies on the partial reactions catalyzed by the (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase. II. Effects of oligomycin and other inhibitors of the ATPase on the p-nitrophenylphosphatase.

Abstract 1. 1. It is known that the K+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase, in contrast to (Na+ + K+)p-activated ATPase, is not inhibited by oligomycin; and that when p-nitrophenylphosphatase is activated by Na+ + K+ + ATP, the activity becomes partially sensitive to oligomycin. The object of this work was the further study of the mechanism of action of oligomycin on the enzyme complex. 2. 2. It was shown that oligomycin blocks the stimulation of the activity that is caused by Na+ + ATP. The K+-dependent portion of the activity remained insensitive to oligomycin. 3. 3. In the presence of Na+ and low concentrations of K+, oligomycin stimulated the p-nitrophenylphosphatase. This effect of oligomycin, like the activating effect of ATP, was accompanied by a decrease in the apparent Km of K+. 4. 4. The curve of activation of enzyme as a function of oligomycin concentration had a sharp peak. Maximum activation obtained with oligomycin never approached that obtained with ATP. It was concluded that Na+-dependent binding of either ATP or oligomycin to a modifying site affects the interaction of K+ with the enzyme, and that higher concentrations of oligomycin block the modifying effects of ATP and lower oligomycin concentrations. 5. 5. Ethacrymic acid, chlorpromazine, N-ethylmaleimide, and Dio-9 inhibited the (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase and the K+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase. In this respect these inhibitors are more similar to ouabain than to oligomycin.
N/MEMS R&D technology strategy and management

MEMS and nanotechnology have become significant new technologies in just the past 15 years. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has provided key research and development funding for both academic and industrial laboratories that has driven new research directions and commercial products. DARPA's experience has identified five management of technology themes that have defined the evolution of the MEMS research and development and commercial communities. These same themes are directly applicable in the exciting new and still emerging field of nanotechnology.
Fibulin-5 expression is decreased in women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse.

The aim of this study was to compare fibulin-5 expression in women with and without anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Vaginal tissues were sampled in a standardized fashion from women with (n = 12) or without (n = 10) anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure mRNA levels of fibulin-5 (FIB-5). FIB-5 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the two groups. FIB-5 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse compared to women without prolapse [(FIB-5 mean ± SD mRNA expression in relative units) 0.01 ± 0.01 vs. 0.09 ± 0.14, P = 0.04]. Fibulin-5 staining intensity was diminished in women with prolapse compared to women without prolapse [intensity score, median (range), 1 (1–2) vs. 3 (2–3), P = 0.04]. Fibulin-5 expression is decreased in vaginal biopsies from women with prolapse. Changes in fibulin expression may play a role in the development of pelvic organ prolapse.
Establishing the Energy Profile for Geometric Variations of a Planar Surface

Abstract The focus of this paper is to establish energy requirements for controlling different geometric variations of a planar surface. Two test parts with 6 different planar surfaces are machined on a Prolight CNC machine. The energy consumed is gathered through Kistler piezoelectric force dynamometer, a voltage amplifier and data acquisition system. The point cloud data of the machined surface, obtained through a 3D scanner (NextEngine) is used to compute flatness zones, using MinMax algorithm. The resulting tolerance zone values and energy data observed in the machining process are then used to establish the energy profile of geometric tolerances for flatness.
Interpreting the Value Effect Through the Q-Theory: An Empirical Investigation

This article interprets the well-known value effect through the implications of standard Q-theory. An investment growth factor, defined as the difference in returns between low-investment stocks and high-investment stocks, contains information similar to the Fama and French (1993) value factor (HML), and can explain the value effect about as well as HML. In the cross-section, portfolios of firms with low investment growth rates (IGRs) or low investment-to-capital ratios have significantly higher average returns than those with high IGRs or high investment-to-capital ratios. The value effect largely disappears after controlling for investment, and the investment effect is robust against controls for the marginal product of capital. These results are consistent with the predictions of a standard Q-theory model with a stochastic discount factor.
Fatty acid sources and their fluxes as they contribute to plasma triglyceride concentrations and fatty liver in humans.

Purpose of reviewDifferent sources of fatty acids (FA) used for VLDL-triglyceride synthesis include dietary FA that clear to the liver via chylomicron uptake, FA synthesized de novo in the liver from carbohydrates, nonesterified fatty acids derived from adipose tissue, nonesterified fatty acids deri
The surface failure of fluorapatite single crystals

Abstract Single crystals of various material are used for basic studies of friction and wear because of their simplicity. Single pass sliding enables one to sort out the effects influencing wear such as anisotropy and environment. A review of the literature is given for studies with metallic single crystals, diamond, magnesium oxide, and sapphire. Results are presented for studies on fluorapatite single crystals. Frictional anisotropy was found to be similar to that in MgO single crystals even though fluorapatite and MgO have different lattice structures. A new finding is the fact that repeated sliding at contact stress states above a threshold value causes catastrophic surface damage after the second pass even though very little damage appeared on the first pass. Most previous studies report the results of single passes. In practical sliding systems where repeated sliding is always occurring, wear of brittle materials must be dominated by the catastrophic mechanisms found on the second pass rather than by the events that occurred during the first pass.
The molecular weight and subunits of the isozymes of glutamic aspartic transaminase.

The molecular weight of the isozymes of glutamic aspartic transaminase has been measured by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and by membrane osmometry. The molecular weights were: 91,200 ± 2,700 for the mitochondrial enzyme and 93,000 ± 2,800 for the supernatant isozyme. Guanidine hydrochloride induces dissociation into two subunits of half the molecular weight. Gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation measurements failed to reveal dissociation of each isozyme's dimer in the protein concentration range of 2.5 to 1 × 10−5 mg/ml.
Specialists Understanding of the Health Care Preferences of Chronically Ill Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Doctors must understand patients' priorities to create an effective treatment partnership. Little is known about whether subspecialist pediatricians understand chronically ill adolescents' preferences. Methods A survey was conducted of 155 adolescents with chronic illnesses and 52 subspecialty physicians recruited from the same clinics of a children's hospital. Adolescents and physicians rated the importance that adolescents place on items relating to quality of care and physician-patient communication styles using a previously validated measure. Results For quality of care items, rank order correlation between physicians and patient responses was high (r = .63, p Conclusions Physicians understood the importance of pain management to adolescents with chronic illnesses, but overestimated their desired level of autonomy. Asking adolescents for their preferences may be the first step in improving adolescents' experience of care.
Waveprint: Efficient wavelet-based audio fingerprinting

In this paper, we present Waveprint, a novel method for audio identification. Waveprint uses a combination of computer-vision techniques and large-scale data-stream processing algorithms to create compact fingerprints of audio data that can be efficiently matched. The resulting system has excellent identification capabilities for small snippets of audio that have been degraded in a variety of manners, including competing noise, poor recording quality and cell-phone playback. We explicitly measure the tradeoffs between performance, memory usage, and computation through extensive experimentation. The system is more efficient in terms of memory usage and computation, while being more accurate when compared with previous state of the art systems. The applications of Waveprint include song identification for end-consumer use, copyright protection for audio assets, copyright protection for television assets and synchronization of off-line audio sources, such as live television.
Distribution and potential sources and sinks of copper chelators in the Sargasso Sea

Abstract Copper speciation has been studied at an oligotrophic station in the southwestern Sargasso Sea to determine the distribution of Cu binding ligands and evaluate their potential sources and sinks. Speciation was studied using a ligand exchange/liquid-liquid partition procedure used in a previous study in Florida coastal waters [ Moffet and Zika (1987a) Marine Chemistry, 21, 301–313]. Copper speciation was dominated by organic complexation at all depths studied (16–950 m). Complexation was greatest in the region of the chlorophyll maximum. In this region, speciation was dominated by two ligands or ligand classes; L1, with Kcond. = 1013.2, concentration = 2 nM, and a weaker but more abundant ligand class, L2 with Kincond. = 109.7, concentration = 80 nM. From 140 to 16 m, [Cu(II)]free/[Cu(II)]total increases by a factor of 20, due to a decrease in [L1] to a value below the ambient Cu concentration. Exposure of water from 140 m to sunlight indicated that photochemical decomposition of L1 may account for the decrease. Below the chlorophyll maximum there is a gradual increase in [Cu(II)]free/[Cu(II)]total suggesting that the ligands are of recent biological origin rather than derived from refractory materials. Cultures of a ubiquitous marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. produced a ligand with Kcond. comparable to L1, indicating that a biological source is plausible.
The effects of zinc on the olfactory neuroepithelium and olfactory bulbs of the Sprague-Dawley rat after oral administration of zinc-gluconate trihydrate.

Background The most frequent causes of upper respiratory infections are human rhinoviruses. The nasopharyngeal area, which includes the respiratory epithelium, mucosa, and the olfactory neuroepithelium (ONe), is a first-line of defense against airborne viruses and allergens, some of which manage to penetrate the nasal mucosa and invade the tissues of the nasal respiratory epithelium. Biochemical evidence from several studies suggests that zinc is an effective cold treatment and that over-the-counter (OTC) zinc-gluconate compounds may provide the high pharmacologic doses of zinc needed to act as an effective means of treating and reducing the duration and severity of symptoms of the common cold. Methods A series of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an oral preparation of zinc-gluconate trihydrate or received the equivalent through drinking water to investigate the potential cytotoxic and/or neurotoxic insult to the olfactory receptor cells and other tissue in the ONe and afferent neuronal pathways. Results Coronal sections of the rat ONe and corresponding olfactory bulbs showed consistent cellular and tissue damage of increasing severity that correlated with the duration of treatment with the zinc compound when compared with the control group animals. Conclusion The results of this analysis indicate that the repeated oral administration of such zinc-containing compounds have neurotoxic effects on the ONe and to the mitral cells in the olfactory bulbs of treated rats. These findings point toward the need for increased investigation into the potential deleterious effects of zinc-containing compounds to humans as well.
Force characteristics of the rat sternomastoid muscle reinnervated with end-to-end nerve repair

The goal of this study was to establish force data for the rat sternomastoid (SM) muscle after reinnervation with nerve end-to-end anastomosis (EEA), which could be used as a baseline for evaluating the efficacy of new reinnervation techniques. The SM muscle on one side was paralyzed by transecting its nerve and then EEA was performed at different time points: immediate EEA, 1-month and 3-month delay EEA. At the end of 3-month recovery period, the magnitude of functional recovery of the reinnervated SM muscle was evaluated by measuring muscle force and comparing with the force of the contralateral control muscle. Our results demonstrated that the immediately reinnervated SM produced approximately 60% of the maximal tetanic force of the control. The SM with delayed nerve repair yielded approximately 40% of the maximal force. Suboptimal recovery of muscle force after EEA demonstrates the importance of developing alternative surgical techniques to treat muscle paralysis.
Estimating an unobserved component of a serial response time model

A method is developed for estimating the response time distribution of an unobserved component in a two-component serial model, assuming the components are stochastically independent. The estimate of the component's density function is constrained only to be unimodal and non-negative. Numerical examples suggest that the method can yield reasonably accurate estimates with sample sizes of 300 and, in some cases, with sample sizes as small as 100.
Relationship between Protein Binding of Bilirubin, Salicylic Acid, and Sulfisoxazole in Serum of Unmedicated and Phenobarbital-Treated Rats

The relationship between the protein binding of bilirubin, salicylic acid, and sulfisoxazole in the serum of phenobarbital-treated and untreated rats was studied. The free fraction of bilirubin in serum varied about threefold between animals but was not related to the albumin concentration, the free fraction of salicylate, or the free fraction of sulfisoxazole. However, there was a strong positive correlation between the free fraction values of salicylate and sulfisoxazole. The free fraction value for each of these drugs showed a significant negative correlation with the serum albumin concentration. Treatment of the animals with phenobarbital had no apparent effect on the serum protein binding of bilirubin, salicylic acid, and sulfisoxazole.
Characterization of a high-affinity monoclonal antibody to calcineurin whose epitope defines a new structural domain of calcineurin A

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against native calcineurin using conventional in vivo immunization and hybridoma procedures. The relatively high affinity of nonimmune IgG for the two subunits of calcineurin resulted in large nonspecific binding values for immunoassays of native, dissociated and denatured calcineurin, which complicated the antibody screening. Monoclonal aCn5, a high-affinity IgG1 that exhibits specific binding, was characterized. Other calmodulin-binding proteins tested were not recognized by aCn5. Simple binding properties were exhibited in solid-phase experiments, Kd = 26 (+/- 4) pM, but the stoichiometry was low. The loss of immunoreactivity after denaturation of calcineurin indicated that the aCn5 epitope is of the assembled topographic, not segmental, type. The epitope was located to the A subunit and affinity was unaffected by the presence of calcineurin B. The epitope remained intact after proteolytic removal of the amino-terminal 20 residues of calcineurin A essential for phosphatase activity, and the carboxyl-terminal inhibitory and calmodulin-binding domains. The calmodulin-binding peptide derived from calcineurin, cA8, was not recognized by aCn5. Addition of Ca2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, chelators or dithiothreitol did not influence the affinity of aCn5 for the holoenzyme. Phosphatase activity of calcineurin, in the presence and absence of calmodulin and after removal of the inhibitory domain, was little affected by aCn5. Thus, the aCn5 epitope defines a previously unidentified structural domain of calcineurin A located in a region of the proteolytically resistant core that is topologically distinct from the catalytic, inhibitory, calmodulin-binding and calcineurin-B-binding domains, and not functionally connected with calcineurin B or the putative metal-binding domain(s).
Evaluation of ICA based fusion of hyperspectral images for color display

Hyperspectral imaging is becoming increasingly important in a variety of applications. These images contain a large number of contiguous bands to provide information at a fine spectral resolution and, therefore, cannot be displayed directly using an RGB color display. There has been some recent work on the problem of fusing hyperspectral images to three-band images for color display purposes. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of our recently proposed approach based on independent component analysis, correlation coefficient and mutual information (ICA- CCMI) to fuse the information from a large number of bands to three images suitable for color display. Depending on whether the reference images are available or not, several image quality metrics such as entropy and edge correlation have been proposed and employed to evaluate the fusion performance via three widely used hyperspectral image datasets.
The role of transesophageal echocardiography in identifying anomalous coronary arteries

BACKGROUNDThe study objective was to evaluate the role of transesophageal echocardiography in identifying the origin of anomalous coronary arteries and confirming their course in relation to the great vessels. The diagnosis of coronary anomalies is made by angiography. The anomalous left main artery with a course between the pulmonary artery and the aorta has been associated with myocardial infarction and sudden death. The course of these anomalous coronary arteries is difficult to demonstrate by angiography alone.METHODS AND RESULTSNine patients with angiographically confirmed anomalous coronary arteries were studied by transesophageal echocardiography with color flow Doppler. The abnormal origin of the anomalous coronary arteries was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography in all nine patients. In four patients, the left main coronary artery originated from the right sinus of Valsalva. In all of these patients, transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the course of the anomalous left main cor...
Genetic Mapping of a Triticum monococcum -derived Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Common Wheat

Powdery mildew of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis DC f. sp. tritici. A microsatellite linkage map was developed for the T. monococcum- derived powdery mildew resistant gene present in the North Carolina germplasm line NCB- GT96A6 (NCA6). Genetic analysis of F 2 -derived lines from the cross NCA6 × 'Saluda' indicated a single gene controlled powdery mildew resis- tance. Four microsatellite markers linked to the NCA6 Pm gene mapped to chromosome 7AL. The most likely order was Xcfa2123-0.9 cM- Xbarc121-1.7 cM resistance gene/Xcfa2019-3.0 cM-Xgwm332. A detached-leaf test indicated the disease reaction response of the NCA6 Pm gene was different from the fi ve known alleles at the Pm1 locus on 7AL. Deletion interval map- ping showed a large physical to genetic dis- tance ratio for these microsatellite marker loci. This may be due to suppressed recombination between the introgressed T. monococcum seg- ment and the homologous region of the T. aes- tivum cultivar Saluda. Our results suggested that the NCA6 Pm gene is likely a novel source of resistance to powdery mildew but additional allelism studies are needed to establish the rela- tionship between this locus and the other known Pm loci on 7AL.
Social mobility and the Bar

Social mobility has become one of the most important public policy focuses in the United Kingdom in recent years. Endless news stories, academic papers and think-tank reports continue to explore it...
Three-Dimensional Viscous Flowfield Computations in a Streamline Coordinate System

A method of predicting the three-dimensional laminar hypersonic viscous flowfield over a body at very high angles of attack has been developed by using the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations in a streamline coordinate system. At a very high angle of attack, the primary flow direction deviates substantially from the marching coordinate direction of the conventional body-generator coordinate direction. Hence, in the present approach the viscous flow equations are parabolized along the surface streamline direction instead of the body-generator coordinate direction, which reduces the restriction on the angle of attack of a flight vehicle. The streamline traces on the body surface are evaluated from a three-dimensio nal inviscid flowfield solution. Computational results for a test case have been obtained by both the present streamline approach (SLPNS) and the conventional body-generator coordinate method (PNS) for the purpose of comparison. The SLPNS results for the test case at moderate angle of attack compare well with conventional PNS results.
Current-induced mass transport in aluminum☆

Abstract The motion of transverse scratches on the surface of 99.999 per cent aluminum specimens carrying current densities of about 10 4 A cm 2 was observed as a function of temperature from 460 to 640°C, for periods of several days. The observed motion of the marks was as large as 50 μ/day and always toward the cathode. The magnitude and direction of the motion is clear evidence for mass transport caused by momentum exchange with the electron current. The motion was proportional to the current density and the self-diffusion coefficient. A value of about 2.7 μΩ/% was indicated for the “specific resistivity” of the diffusing atom, and it appeared that this quantity decreased linearly with increasing temperature. Measurement of lateral changes of the specimens showed that the lateral strain was equal to the longitudinal strain for specimens of small cross-sections. For thicker specimens the lateral strain was less than the longitudinal strain, in agreement with a simplified theory. It is concluded that: I. The mass transport is independent of the shape of the specimens, and depends upon only the temperature and current density. II. The motion of the surface scratches is proportional to the mass transport within the volume of the specimens and hence dependent upon the volume self-diffusion coefficient.
Stimulation of lactic acid production in chick embryo fibroblasts by serum and high pH in the absence of external glucose

Lactic acid production by chick embryo fibroblasts occurs in the absence of exogenous glucose. Fifteen to 50-fold less lactic acid is formed in the absence of glucose than in its presence. Nevertheless, serum and pH stimulation enhances this residual lactic acid production to the same relative extent as when glucose is present. The amount of lactic acid formed cannot be accounted for by the catabolism of residual glucose in the medium since its concentration is less than one-tenth that of the lactic acid eventually produced. Moreover, the residual glucose concentration remains constant or increases during the course of the experiment. To a large extent lactic acid accumulation in the absence of external glucose is dependent on the presence of amino acids in the medium, but amino acid transport is not affected by the stimulatory agents used in this study. The results suggest that treatments which stimulate cell multiplication also activate those enzymatic pathways which convert amino acids to pyruvic and thence to lactic acid.
Robustness in solid modelling: a tolerance-based intuitionistic approach

Abstract The paper presents a new robustness method for geometric-modelling operations. Geometric relations are computed from the tolerance defined for geometric objects, and the tolerances are dynamically updated to preserve the theoretical properties of the relations. The method is based on an intuitionistic self-validation approach. Geometric algorithms using this method are proved to be robust. We demonstrate the application of the approach for an algorithm computing Boolean set operations on objects bound by planar and natural quadric surfaces. A major advantage of the approach is that it can be applied very generally to obtain a consistent interpretation of geometric data in cad/cam systems.
Comparison of vaginal cytokine collection methods

Objective The objective of our study was to correlate the interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations detected in patient-collected specimens with provider-collected specimens and compare the reproducibility of the methods. Study design All enrolled participants underwent pelvic examination with collection of cytokine samples by the provider and also collected samples themselves using vaginal swabs. The order of sample collection was randomly assigned. All samples were frozen at −80°C for batch analysis. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentrations of IL-6 in all samples. Results IL-6 concentrations from wicks and swabs were correlated in a linear fashion (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). IL-6 concentrations in the two swabs (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) and the two wicks (r = 0.71, P < 0.001) were correlated in a linear fashion, although there was more variability in wick specimens. Conclusion IL-6 concentrations can be reproducibly measured using either method. The ease of patient swab collection and the correlation with provider-collected specimens may make frequent assessment of the vaginal cytokine environment more acceptable to patients.
Tracking marine mammals by satellite--Status and technical needs

Faced with exorbitant costs of staging open-ocean experiments and the difficulties of tracking marine mammals, wildlife biolgists are increasingly drawn to satellite technology as a cost-effective means of studying many widely-ranging animals. Development of a small prototype NIMBUS-6 satellite transmitter pack for tracking dolphins has been completed. Many technical needs, such as conversion to the ARGOS or alternative satellite systems and size reduction of the units, remain before satellite tracking can be effectively used to study marine mammals.
Chemical reactivities and mutagenicities of a series of chloromethylbenzo[a]pyrenes

The chemical and mutagenic properties of a series of chloromethylbenzo[a]pyrenes (chloromethyl-BaP) (chloromethyl groups in position 1-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 10-, 11- or 12-) were studied in order to address the question of the importance of arylmethyl carbocations as possible ultimate carcinogens of methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The rates of solvolysis of the series of chloromethyl-BaP in 50% aqueous acetone decrease in the order: 6 greater than 1 much greater than 4 greater than 12 greater than 5 greater than 10 greater than 11. There is a rough correlation (r = -0.80, P less than 0.05) between rates of solvolysis and the carbon chemical shifts of the methylene carbons. There is a good correlation (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) between the rates of solvolysis and the gas phase stabilities of the carbocations, (M+ -35), obtained from mass spectral analysis. The mutagenicities of the series of chloromethyl-BaP in the Ames assay with strains TA98 and TA100 showed strong to very strong mutagenicities for the 4-, 5-, 10-, 11- and 12-isomers and weak mutagenicities for the 1- and 6-isomers. The corresponding hydroxymethyl-BaP were not mutagenic. The mutagenicities of some of the chloromethyl-BaP are among the highest reported for direct-acting (not requiring microsomal activation) mutagens in the Ames assay.
Personality Differences across Borders: A Comparison of Student Samples from Mexico and the United States

Since personality plays such a vital role in shaping the quality of interpersonal relations and achievements of individuals, a vast body of research has accumulated on the subject. Unfortunately, much of this research deals with intracultural issues and samples. This study reports the findings of a crosscultural study of personality differences among student samples in two cities with a common international border: Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, United States. The samples consist of undergraduate students from a variety of academic disciplines enrolled in colleges within a radius of about fifty miles from the U.S.-Mexican border. Four personality dimensions were investigated by use of established personality scales through a questionnaire: need for autonomy, altruism, self-esteem, and locus of control. Comparisons were made of the Mexican sample with three ethnic groups in the United States: African-American, Mexican-American, and Euro-Americans. The results showed that Mexican subjects exhibited a significantly higher need for autonomy than the other groups. However, the Mexican sample exhibited a significantly lower mean on self-esteem than the African-American and Mexican-American samples. An additional finding of this study, which was not part of the original research concern, showed a negative correlation between overall grade point average (GPA) and number of years spent in the United States by the immigrant students within the United States sample. Implications of these differences for human resource management that transcends borders were discussed.
The Mathematical Model of Non-Equilibrium Effects in Water-Oil Displacement

Forced oil-water displacement and spontaneous countercurrent imbibition are the crucial mechanisms of secondary oil recovery. Classical mathematical models of both these unsteady flows are based on the fundamental assumption of local phase equilibrium. Thus, the water and oil flows are assumed to be locally distributed over their flow paths similarly to steady flows. This assumption allows one to further assume that the relative phase permeabilities and the capillary pressure are universal functions of the local water saturation, which can be obtained from steady-state flow experiments. The last assumption leads to a mathematical model consisting of a closed system of equations for fluid flow properties (velocity, pressure) and water saturation. This model is currently used as a basis for numerical predictions of wateroil displacement. However, at the water front in the water-oil displacement, as well as in capillary imbibition, the characteristic times of both processes are, in general, comparable with the times of redistribution of flow paths between oil and water. Therefore, the nonequilibrium effects should be taken into account. We present here a refined and extended mathematical model for the nonequilibrium two-phase (e.g., water-oil) flows. The basic problem formulation, as well as the more specific equations, are given, and the results of comparison with an experiment are presented and discussed.
A test of object permanence in a new-world monkey species, cotton top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).

Cotton top tamarins were tested in visible and invisible displacement tasks in a method similar to that used elsewhere to test squirrel monkeys and orangutans. All subjects performed at levels significantly above chance on visible (n=8) and invisible (n=7) displacements, wherein the tasks included tests of the perseverance error, tests of memory in double and triple displacements, and "catch" trials that tested for the use of the experimenter's hand as a cue for the correct cup. Performance on all nine tasks was significantly higher than chance level selection of cups, and tasks using visible displacements generated more accurate performance than tasks using invisible displacements. Performance was not accounted for by a practice effect based on exposure to successive tasks. Results suggest that tamarins possess stage 6 object permanence capabilities, and that in a situation involving brief exposure to tasks and foraging opportunities, tracking objects' movements and responding more flexibly are abilities expressed readily by the tamarins.
Optimal control of power flow at structural junctions

Abstract This paper describes several techniques for deriving optimal feedback compensators for structural waveguides at junctions. A frequency dependent cost functional, composed of power flow and control effort, is minimized. Control of power flow, by modifying junction reflection and transmission properties, enables incoming vibrational power to be selectively absorbed. Matched termination, non-causal, causal fixed-form and Wiener-Hopf feedback solutions are derived. These solutions, including a positive real approximation to the Wiener-Hopf solution, are illustrated through an extensive example for the free end of a dispersive Bernoulli-Euler beam. Several interesting results arise from this research. A matched termination, absorbing all impinging energy, is a subset of the optimal, non-causal solution. As a result, performance ranging from that achieved with simple rate feedback to that exceeding the matched termination is possible with increasingly complex configurations of control hardware. In the formulation of the control, information about the spectral content of the incoming waves can be used to frequency-tailor the control performance. The wave mode control formulation reveals that performance can be improved by using more than one distinct actuator and sensor at the active junction, a process not generally practiced in structural control. Finally, given the appropriate control hardware and particular structural geometries, optimal wave control can be used to eliminate resonant behavior or dynamically isolate one structural region from another.