cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P2Y2 receptor of MDCK cells: cloning, expression, and cell-specific signaling

Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-D1 cells, a canine renal epithelial cell line, co-express at least three different P2Y receptor subtypes: P2Y(1), P2Y(2), and P2Y(11) (24). Stimulation of P2Y receptors in these cells results in the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and metabolites and the elevation of intracellular cAMP. To define in more precise terms the signaling contributed by the MDCK-D1 P2Y(2) (cP2Y(2)) receptor, we have cloned and heterologously expressed it in CF2Th (canine thymocyte) cells, a P2Y(2)-null cell. Analysis by RT-PCR indicated that canine P2Y(2) receptors are expressed in skeletal muscle, spleen, kidney, lung, and liver. When expressed in CF2Th cells, cP2Y(2) receptors promoted phospholipase C-mediated phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis [uridine 5'-triphosphate > or = ATP > adenosine 5'-diphosphate > 2MT-ATP] and mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+). In contrast to their actions in MDCK-D1 cells, cP2Y(2) receptors did not stimulate formation of cAMP or AA release when expressed in CF2Th cells. The data indicate that cell setting plays an essential role in the ability of P2Y receptors to regulate AA release and cAMP formation. In particular, renal epithelial cells preferentially express components critical for cP2Y(2)-induced cAMP formation, including the expression of enzymes involved in the generation and metabolism of AA and receptors that respond to PGE(2).
Transformation of avian myogenic cultures with myelocytomatosis virus strain 29

Primary cultures of proliferating chick presumptive myoblasts were exposed of either to two RNA tumor viruses and shortly thereafter treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) to suppress differentiation. The effect of a Rous sarcoma virus which was temperature-sensitive for transformation (tsRSV) has been characterized previously and was used as a reference for evaluating the effect of a myelocytomatosis virus (MC29) and its helper. Two subcultures following exposure, both infected cultures were extensively transformed as indicated by cell morphology. Relaxation of the BUdR block at this time resulted in cultures which still appeared transformed and did not contain myoblast or myotube-like cells or two of their molecular markers. In contrast, uninfected controls and tsRSV-infected cultures which were shifted-up to the nonpermissive temperature produced numerous spontaneously contracting myotubes. The results confirm previous evidence that infection of presumptive myoblasts by tsRSV at the premissive temperature preserves the extant state of differentiation of presumptive myoblasts and suggest, by analogy, that MC29-infection renders a similar effect.
Effects of Total Flavones from Morus alba L. on Inflammatory Reaction of Macrophages

Objective To characterize anti-inflammative effect of total flavones fromMorus albaL(TFM) on RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with interferon-γ(IFN-γ) / lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods Using IFN-γplus LPS to stimulateRAW 264.7 macrophages as inflammatory cell model.Griess reaction was used for nitric oxide measurement,MTT assay wereused for cell proliferation and viability,RT-PCR was used for assaying mRNA expression and Western blot was used for protein expression.Results TFM dose-dependently inhibited both NO production and iNOS expression in IFN-γ+LPS stimulated macrophages with out inference on cell viability.The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 was significantly inhibited by TFM treatment.TFM suppressed gene expression of COX-2 while increased HO-1 expression.The protein expression of iNOS and p-ERK was inhibited by TFM.ConclusionOur study suggests that TFM may exert protective effects against inflammation damage through the mechanism of inhibiting excessive NO,reducing pro-inflammatory mediators such as COX-2,IL-1β,IL-6,and increasing HO-1 expression and enhancing total antioxidant ability.The inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression by TFM may be partially mediated through extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK/MAPK)pathway.
Leukocyte-reduced blood components: patient benefits and practical applications.

Purpose/objectives To review the various types of filters used for red blood cell and platelet transfusions and to explain the trend in the use of leukocyte removal filters, practical information about their use, considerations in the selection of a filtration method, and cost-effectiveness issues. Data sources Published articles, books, and the author's experience. Data synthesis Leukocyte removal filters are used to reduce complications associated with transfused white blood cells that are contained in units of red blood cells and platelets. These complications include nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions (NHFTRs), alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusion, transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV), and immunomodulation. Leukocyte removal filters may be used at the bedside, in a hospital blood bank, or in a blood collection center. Factors that affect the flow rate of these filters include the variations in the blood component, the equipment used, and filter priming. Studies on the cost-effectiveness of using leukocyte-reduced blood components demonstrate savings based on the reduction of NHFTRs, reduction in the number of blood components used, and the use of filtered blood components as the equivalent of CMV seronegative-screened products. Conclusions The use of leukocyte-reduced blood components significantly diminishes or prevents many of the adverse transfusion reactions associated with donor white blood cells. Leukocyte removal filters are cost-effective, and filters should be selected based on their ability to consistently achieve low leukocyte residual levels as well as their ease of use. Implications for nursing practice Physicians may order leukocyte-reduced blood components for specific patients, or the components may be used because of an established institutional transfusion policy. Nurses often participate in deciding on a filtration method, primarily based on ease of use. Understanding the considerations in selecting a filtration method will help nurses make appropriate decisions to ensure quality patient care.
Identification of a novel serum amyloid A protein in BALB/c mice

Four serum amyloid A protein (SAA) genes and two SAA gene products, SAA1 and SAA2, were identified in BALB/c mice. Using analytical isoelectric focusing we have identified a quantitatively significant new member of the SAA family and designated it 'SAA5'. This protein has characteristics never before described for any SAA molecule. In the highly conserved region between amino acids 33 and 44, identical in all SAAs from all species examined, SAA5 had four amino acid substitutions. In addition, the induction of SAA5 by lipopolysaccharide had different kinetics from that of the other mouse SAAs. Our data suggest that the mouse SAA gene family is more complex in composition and regulation than previously surmised.
Ten Domains That Have Explained Creativity… Or Maybe Not

Chapter 2 introduces the ten prominent domains in creativity research and theory from the past decades. Arguments are presented from (1) organizational studies; (2) everyday and social creativity theories; (3) the innovation field that lays claims to creative roots and manufactures new products and designs, as well as ideas of creativity rescuing the American economic system; (4) the idea that creativity originates in groups; (5) the theory of the correlation, if not causal relationship, between creativity and intelligence; (6) the psychopathology field where it is assumed that creativity and genius are closely connected to madness; (7) the education field that proposes that creativity can be taught; (8) chaos theory/economic theory/the philosophy of creativity/design thinking/bio-mimickry/social creativity, each of which determines creativity as originating from a different source; (9) the commercial consulting industry that proposes that creativity can be learned; and (10) the domain of psychology.
To Invent Depths Is Not Art Either

When he returned to England in the spring of 1895, John Galsworthy began to work seriously at becoming a writer. At first in his legal chambers, then, in the succession of “private quarters” he rented, he wrote nearly every day. Although he no longer made even a pretence at practising law, he remained, perhaps in deference to what were still clearly his parents’ wishes, officially a member of the Bar, for he was listed in the records of the General Council of the Bar until 1900.1 His writing, as he often stated afterwards, was a deliberate attempt to duplicate the styles of Turgenev and Maupassant. As he explained, in one version of a speech on his literary origins that he later gave several times, he very much valued Turgenev, to whom he would always “acknowledge a great debt”: “To him and to de Maupassant I served that spiritual and technical apprenticeship which every young writer serves, guided by some deep kinship in spirit to one or other of the old past-masters of his craft.”2 His published version of the speech is called “Six Novelists in Profile. An Address: 1924”.
Continuous-Time, Analog Building Blocks

This chapter 1 presents a discussion of basic concepts of continuous-time analog circuits, including circuit operation and performance characterization in the presence of nonidealities. Also discussed are the uses of PSoC’s programmable, continuous-time, reconfigurable analog blocks as application-specific analog circuits.
Cortical Thinning and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease without Dementia

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by motor dysfunction (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability), and pathologically by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia. Growing literature supports that cognitive deficits may also be present in PD, even in non-demented patients. Gray matter (GM) atrophy has been reported in PD and may be related to cognitive decline. This study investigated cortical thickness in non-demented PD subjects and elucidated its relationship to cognitive impairment using high-resolution T1-weighted brain MRI and comprehensive cognitive function scores from 71 non-demented PD and 48 control subjects matched for age, gender, and education. Cortical thickness was compared between groups using a flexible hierarchical multivariate Bayesian model, which accounts for correlations between brain regions. Correlation analyses were performed among brain areas and cognitive domains as well, which showed significant group differences in the PD population. Compared to Controls, PD subjects demonstrated significant age-adjusted cortical thinning predominantly in inferior and superior parietal areas and extended to superior frontal, superior temporal, and precuneus areas (posterior probability >0.9). Cortical thinning was also found in the left precentral and lateral occipital, and right postcentral, middle frontal, and fusiform regions (posterior probability >0.9). PD patients showed significantly reduced cognitive performance in executive function, including set shifting (p = 0.005) and spontaneous flexibility (p = 0.02), which were associated with the above cortical thinning regions (p < 0.05).
A study of collaborative software development using groupware tools

The experimental results of a collaborative problem solving and program development model that takes into consideration the cognitive and social activities that occur during software development is presented. This collaborative model is based on the Dual Common Model that focuses on individual cognitive aspects of problem solving and programming. The Dual Common Model, shown to improve the problem solving and programming skills of individual programmer (Carroll, 1997), was extended to integrate groupware needs. The model was tested using a groupware tool called Groove. The study includes four conditions: Groove and the collaborative model, Groove alone, the collaborative model alone, and neither Groove nor the collaborative model. The subjects were students of a graduate course in object oriented programming at the New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Ankle-brachial index and physical function in older individuals: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Abstract Background and aims Most prior studies investigating the association of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) with physical function were small or analyzed selected populations (e.g., patients at vascular clinics or persons with reduced function), leaving particular uncertainty regarding the association in the general community. Methods Among 5262 ARIC participants (age 71–90 years during 2011–2013), we assessed the cross-sectional association of ankle-brachial index (ABI) with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score (0–12), its individual components (chair stands, standing balance, and gait speed) (0–4 points each), and grip strength after accounting for potential confounders, including a history of coronary disease, stroke, or heart failure. Results There were 411 participants (7.8%) with low ABI ≤0.90 and 469 (8.9%) participants with borderline low ABI 0.91–1.00. Both ABI ≤0.90 and 0.91–1.00 were independently associated with poor physical function (SPPB score ≤6) compared to ABI 1.11–1.20 (adjusted odds ratio 2.10 [95% CI 1.55–2.84] and 1.86 [1.38–2.51], respectively). The patterns were largely consistent across subgroups by clinical conditions (e.g., leg pain or other cardiovascular diseases), in every SPPB component, and for grip strength. ABI >1.3 (472 participants [9.0%]), indicative of non-compressible pedal arteries, was related to lower physical function as well but did not necessarily reach significance. Conclusions In community-dwelling older adults, low and borderline low ABI suggestive of PAD were independently associated with poorer systemic physical function compared to those with normal ABI. Clinical attention to PAD as a potential contributor to poor physical function is warranted in community-dwelling older adults.
COVARIATE-ADAPTIVE CLUSTERING OF EXPOSURES FOR AIR POLLUTION EPIDEMIOLOGY COHORTS

Cohort studies in air pollution epidemiology aim to establish associations between health outcomes and air pollution exposures. Statistical analysis of such associations is complicated by the multivariate nature of the pollutant exposure data as well as the spatial misalignment that arises from the fact that exposure data are collected at regulatory monitoring network locations distinct from cohort locations. We present a novel clustering approach for addressing this challenge. Specifically, we present a method that uses geographic covariate information to cluster multi-pollutant observations and predict cluster membership at cohort locations. Our predictive k-means procedure identifies centers using a mixture model and is followed by multi-class spatial prediction. In simulations, we demonstrate that predictive k-means can reduce misclassification error by over 50% compared to ordinary k-means, with minimal loss in cluster representativeness. The improved prediction accuracy results in large gains of 30% or more in power for detecting effect modification by cluster in a simulated health analysis. In an analysis of the NIEHS Sister Study cohort using predictive k-means, we find that the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure varies significantly between different clusters of PM2.5 component profiles. Our cluster-based analysis shows that for subjects assigned to a cluster located in the Midwestern U.S., a 10 μg/m3 difference in exposure is associated with 4.37 mmHg (95% CI, 2.38, 6.35) higher SBP.
Trends of medical expenditures and quality of life in US adults with diabetes: the medical expenditure panel survey, 2002–2011

Studies indicate a relationship between cost and quality of life (QOL) in diabetes care, however, the interaction is complex and the relationship is not well understood. The aim of this study was to 1) examine the relationship of quartiles of QOL on cost amongst U.S. adults with diabetes, 2) investigate how the relationship may change over time, and 3) examine the incremental effect of QOL on cost while controlling for other relevant covariates. Data from 2002–2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was used to examine the association between QOL and medical expenditures among adults with diabetes (aged ≥18 years) N = 20,442. Unadjusted means were computed to compare total healthcare expenditure and the out-of-pocket expenses by QOL quartile categories. QOL measures were Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) derived from the Short-Form 12. A two-part model was then used to estimate adjusted incremental total healthcare expenditure and out-of-pocket expenses adjusting for relevant covariates. Differences between the highest and lowest quartiles totaled $11,801 for total expenditures and $989 for out-of-pocket expenses. Over time, total expenditures remained stable, while out-of-pocket expenses decreased, particularly for the lowest quartile of physical component of QOL. Similar trends were seen in the mental component, however, differences between quartiles were smaller (average $5,727 in total expenses; $287 in out-of-pocket). After adjusting for covariates, those in the highest quartile of physical component of QOL spent $7,500 less, and those in the highest quartile of mental component spent $3,000 less than those in the lowest quartiles. A clear gradient between QOL and cost with increasing physical and mental QOL associated with lower expenditures and out-of-pocket expenses was found. Over a 10-year time period those with the highest physical QOL had significantly less medical expenditures compared to those with the lowest physical QOL. This study demonstrates the significant individual and societal impact poor QOL has on patients with diabetes. Understanding how differences in a subjective measure of health, such as QOL, has on healthcare expenditures helps reveal the burden of disease not reflected by using only behavioral and physiological measures.
Determination of Strong-Interaction Nuclear Radii

We present results on the determination of a set of strong-interaction nuclear radii using the photoproduction of neutral rho mesons. Analysis of ${10}^{6}$ events from 13 complex nuclei yields the Woods-Saxon radii $R(A)=(1.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02){A}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ fm.
Graphene plasmonic nanogratings for biomolecular sensing in liquid

We design a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) molecular sensor based on graphene and biomolecule adsorption at graphene–liquid interfaces. The sensor configuration consists of two opposing arrays of graphene nanograting mounted on a substrate, with a liquid-phase sensing medium confined between them. We characterize the design in simulation on a variety of substrates by altering the refractive index of the sensing medium and varying the absorbance–transmittance characteristics. The influence of various parameters on the biosensor’s performance, including the Fermi level of graphene, the dielectric constant of the substrate, and the incident angle for plasmon excitation, is investigated. Numerical simulations demonstrate the sensitivity higher than 3000 nm/RIU (refractive index unit). The device supports a wide range of substrates in which graphene can be epitaxially grown. The proposed biosensor works independent of the incident angle and can be tuned to cover a broadband wavelength range.
Diploma in Cognitive Analytic Therapy (PGDipCAT)

The diploma is suitable for health professionals with some therapy skills who are seeking to advance their skills in psychological therapy. My course included specialist registrars, a staff grade doctor, clinical psychologists, nurse therapists, a university counsellor, and an occupational therapist. I started in 2003 and did it in my second and third (final) years as a specialist registrar. It's a two year diploma. You get an extra year to finish the required …
Virtue and practical deliberation

The question of how to reason well is an important normative question,one which ultimately motivates some of our interest in the more abstracttopic of the principles of practical reason. It is this normative questionthat I propose to address by arguing that given the goal of an importantkind of deliberation, we will deliberate better if we develop certainvirtues. I give an account of the virtue of stability and I argue thatstability makes reasoners (of a certain sort) reason better. Further,I suggest at the end of the paper that an account of virtues thatconduce to good reasoning might go a long way toward answering someof the traditional questions about the principles ofpractical reason.
The Minimum-Model DNA Computation on a Sequence of Probe Arrays

This paper investigates the computational power of a variant of the minimum DNA computation model proposed by Ogihara and Ray. In the variant, two fundamental operations (separation by length and digestion) are dispensed with. To compensate for the loss, the probe arrays are considered as the media for reaction and a wash operation is added to the set of permissible operations. Computation in this model necessarily consists of cycles of five steps: merge, anneal, wash, denature, and wash. It is shown that boolean circuits can be theoretically simulated repetition of the cycle on the same set of four probe arrays.
Causal Inference: Foundations for Health Care Managerial Decision-Making

The scientific basis for managerial decisions is the use of evidence generated from explicit, experiential, and confirmed knowledge. This is a systematic thought process, beginning with the collection of observable facts and then moving to the analysis of these facts to arrive at an adequate explanation of the phenomenon under study. Ideally, scientific data should be gathered under a theoretically informed framework, so that evidence can be derived from the application of data warehousing and data mining techniques. Such evidence-based knowledge can be integrated with practical and experiential knowledge to shed light on the cause-and-effect relationships between the problems and solution sets in the field of health care management.
GBAT: a gene-based association method for robust trans-gene regulation detection

Identification of trans-eQTLs has been limited by a heavy multiple testing burden, read-mapping biases, and hidden confounders. To address these issues, we developed GBAT, a powerful gene-based method that allows robust detection of trans gene regulation. Using simulated and real data, we show that GBAT drastically increases detection of trans-gene regulation over standard trans-eQTL analyses.
Disparities in supportive care needs among minority and non-minority patients with advanced lung cancer.

e21690Background: Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in lung cancer care. Thus, minorities are diagnosed with late stage cancer and have inferior outcomes likely leading to increased s...
Selective inactivation of E. coli tRNA by ethylenimine.

Abstract Studies in this laboratory on the S-aminoethylation of cysteine by ethylenimine while attached to transfer RNA (tRNA) led to the observation that the ability of E. coli B tRNA to accept certain amino acids was abolished by exposure to this reagent. The demonstration of limiting amounts of thiopyrimidines, predominantly 4-thiouridine, in E. coli tRNA by Lipsett (1965) led us to consider the S-aminoethylation of thionucleotides as a possible explanation for the selective inactivation of amino acid acceptance by ethylenimine. The present communication demonstrates that aminoethylation by ethylenimine of 4-thiouridine residues in E. coli tRNA does occur under conditions mild enough to avoid covalent rupture of tRNA molecules. The kinetics of alkylation of 4-thioU residues as well as the kinetics of inactivation of acceptance for four different amino acids are reported.
Introduction to Wearout

Over the last decade, CMOS wearout emerged as one of the most critical threats to circuit performance and system reliability. Among recognized wearout mechanisms, bias temperature instability (BTI) and electromigration (EM) appear as two dominant effects that affect transistors and interconnect, respectively. Conventional flat guardband or dynamic margin design approaches address these effects by tolerating them, but they can be both costly and insufficient. Techniques that can take advantage of recovery of the phenomena can be more economic and effective. In this chapter, we present a taxonomy of state-of-the-art BTI and EM mitigation techniques that were developed across the system hierarchy, followed by the introduction of the concept of accelerated active self-healing that will be addressed throughout the rest of the book.
Effects of essential amino acid supplementation to promote honey bee gland and muscle development in cages and colonies.

There is growing concern about the impact of poor nutrition on honey bee health. With caged bee experiments and whole-colony field experiments, we examined the effects of supplementing bees with essential amino acids (EAA), or a control treatment of nonessential amino acids (NAA). Caged bees fed EAA developed significantly greater head weights than controls, weights that were similar to nurse bees. Caged bees fed EAA developed significantly greater thorax weights than controls, weights that were similar to foragers. Higher head and thorax weights may respectively reflect increased glandular development in nurse bees and higher flight muscle mass in forager bees. In our field study, 29% of the pollen collected by our honey bee colonies came from eucalyptus trees. Amino acid analyses revealed no EAA deficiencies for the bee-collected polyfloral pollen or for monofloral eucalyptus pollen. Colonies fed 29 g EAA supplement may have slightly increased individual bee growth and brood rearing, but this effect was not significant. A clear colony result was a correlation between nurse bee physiology and brood development: 17% increase in nurse bee weight corresponded to 100% more capped brood cells (R2 = 0.38). We suggest that colony supplementation should target nurse bee nutrition. Nurse bees eventually become forager bees. Hence, increased glandular development may support colony brood development and greater flight muscle mass may assist colony foraging.
EFFECTS OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE IN NORMAL SHORT CHILDREN AND IN PATIENTS WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION, GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED STUNTING OF GROWTH, OSTEOCHONDRODYSTROPHIES AND OTHER DISORDERS

Human growth hormone (hGH) is of proven value in promoting the growth of hyposomatotropic subjects, but its effects in children with short stature due to other causes is variable. The present communication reviews the reported effects of hGH on linear growth in normal short children and those with “bioinactive” GH and in patients with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), the Russell-Silver syndrome, glucocorticoid associated short stature, various osteochondrodystrophies, chromosomal anomalies (other than Turner syndrome) and isolated metabolic disorders. In the children reported, stimulated secretion of immunoreactive hGH was normal when studied. A significant effect of hGH upon growth rate is considered to be an increase in growth rate more than 2.0 cm/year above the pretreat- ment growth velocity, the limit of normal variation in linear growth velocity (1).
Post-Transcriptional Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) Gene Regulation in Aorta

Deletion of an ultra-conserved sequence (UCS) within the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (Bmp)2 mRNA previously revealed that the sequence represses Bmp2 reporter gene expression in vascular cells. The objective was to determine the impact of the endogenous UCS on Bmp2 mRNA levels, BMP signaling, and calcification in the healthy control aorta and in the calcified aorta of mice with renal disease. We compared the phenotypes of mice bearing a wild type Bmp2 allele or the UCS deletion allele in mice with normal kidney function or in Klotho mutant mice with reduced kidney function. BMP signaling and calcium levels were normally higher in control females relative to males. UCS deletion induced aortic Bmp2 mRNA and BMP signaling in control males, but not in females. UCS deletion significantly increased BMP signaling in both male and female Klotho homozygotes. Inheritance of the Bmp2 UCS deletion and Klotho alleles was skewed from Mendelian expectations suggesting that these alleles influence interacting pathways. Analyses of body and heart weight supported these interactions. The Bmp2 UCS represses BMP signaling in control males and in mice of both sexes with abnormal mineralization associated with kidney disease. Disease and sex-specific differences in Bmp2 gene control may influence the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
The Geometry of Neutral Paths

AbstractCaratheodory’s axiomatic development of thermodynamics is applied here to the thermohaline circulation of the ocean. The helicity of the differential form dD for the density change in an is...
Measurements of Soot Volume Fraction in Pulsed Diffusion Flames by Laser-Induced Incandescence

Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) is used in this study to measure soot volume fractions in steady and flickering ethylene diffusion flames burning at atmospheric pressure. Better understanding of flickering flame behavior also promises to improve understanding of turbulent combustion systems. A very-high-speed solenoid valve is used to force the fuel flow rate with frequencies between 10 Hz and 200 Hz with the same mean fuel flow rate of steady flame. Periodic flame flickers are captured by two-dimensional phase-locked emission and LII images for eight phases (0° - 360°) covering each period. LII spectra scan for minimizing C2 swan band emission and broadband molecular florescence, a calibration procedure using extinction measurements, and corrections for laser extinction and LII signal trapping are carried out towards developing reliable LII for quantitative applications. A comparison between the steady and pulsed flames results and the effect of the oscillation frequency on soot volume fraction for the pulsed flames are presented.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Behavioral economic demand for medications and its relation to clinical measures in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes a wide range of symptoms, which, if left untreated, worsen over time. Despite the availability of effective medications, however, many MS patients fail to take their medications. One possibility is that these patients fail to follow through on treatment recommendations because they do not value these treatments-despite their effectiveness. Prior studies have used principles of microeconomic demand to quantify subjects' valuation of commodities such as alcohol and cigarettes. The current study examined MS patients' microeconomic demand for effective treatments. Patients' willingness to purchase this effective medication was well described by behavioral economic models and was significantly related to MS knowledge and select components of adherence determination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The Diverging Effects of Need Fulfillment Obtained from Within and Outside of a Romantic Relationship

People have diverse psychological needs that they seek to have fulfilled to maximize their well-being. Romantic relationships are the primary source individuals use for need fulfillment, but fulfillment can come from other sources as well-friends, family, strangers, vocation, and recreation. Whereas having a bevy of available sources puts individuals at an advantage in terms of ensuring their needs are met, which source they utilize may ironically decrease the quality of their valued romantic relationship. Across three studies (total N = 5,169) with diverse methodologies (i.e., nationally representative, cross-sectional, longitudinal), we found that when people achieve psychological need fulfillment from sources other than their romantic partner, they view their relationship less positively (Study 1), perceive greater quality of alternatives to their romantic relationship, and think more about ending the relationship (Studies 2 and 3). Demonstrating robustness, these associations hold independent of the amount of fulfillment provided by the romantic partner.
Processing-structure-property relationships of bisphenol-A-polycarbonate samples prepared by fused filament fabrication

Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing processes. However, structural applications of FFF are still limited by unwanted variations in mechanical strength and structural dimensions of printed parts. To obtain a fundamental understanding of these issues, we focused on the interlayer bonding region of bisphenol-A-polycarbonate samples. The samples were prepared by a low-cost open-source FFF 3D printer, and full three-dimensional (3D) geometrical characterizations were performed on them using X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT). The results showed significant geometry variation depending on different printing conditions, including print speed, layer height, and nozzle temperature. Based on the results, we demonstrated the effects of reducing layer height and increasing nozzle temperature as well as compensating material extrusion rate to improve geometric precision. Moreover, uniaxial tensile and Mode III tear tests results showed that there are linear relations between bonding zone geometry and bonding strength. In addition, from the 3D geometry of the resulting printed part, we could estimate the Young’s modulus in the extrudate stacking direction using finite element method, which showed good agreement with the measured value. We envision that our findings can contribute to providing guidelines for the selection of printing parameters to improve or customize printing quality. Our experimental data may also serve as benchmark data for future multi-physics simulation models.
Management of Bone Marrow Lesions of the Hip With Subchondral Calcium Phosphate Injection: Surgical Technique and Tips

Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are localized areas of edema within subchondral bone, which are often due to early chondromalacia changes, subchondral insufficiency stress or microfractures, and/or avascular necrosis. The presence of BMLs worsen outcomes after arthroscopy and arthroplasty, thus making their management important in the preservation of hip function. In recent years, the advent of Subchondroplasty (SCP; Zimmer Knee Creations Incorporated, Exton, PA)-a minimally invasive surgical technique that involves injecting an isothermic calcium phosphate solution to stabilize BMLs-has shown promising results in managing pain from osteoarthritis (OA). The SCP material (AccuFill Bone Substitute Material, Zimmer Knee Creations Incorporated) has a similar physical and chemical structure to native bone mineral. In this Technical Note, we discuss a surgical approach for managing acetabular and femoral head BMLs with SCP. We also review the prior clinical trials reporting on SCP for knee OA. SCP may be a promising technique as part of the treatment algorithm for managing hip OA, and clinical trial enrollment has begun for hip SCP. On the basis of these results, further investigations into this procedure may be warranted.
Examining Public Transportation in Healthy Food Access Research

This paper is among a handful of studies on food access that focus on the public transportation system. Starting from a stratified sample of households, we use GIS and specifically, network analysi...
Abstract 2595: Cancer cachexia is mediated by the suppression of PGC1-alpha expression in the skeletal muscle vasculature

Background: Cancer patients experience cachexia which is characterized by extensive skeletal muscle wasting that worsens the quality of life and increases mortality. However, there are no approved treatments that can effectively counteract cancer cachexia. Prior research has focused on the changes within the muscle tissue but little is known about the role of the muscle vasculature in mediating cancer cachexia. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are essential for maintaining tissue perfusion, nutrient supply and preventing inappropriate transmigration of immune cells into the tissue. We therefore hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle results in the development of cachexia in cancer. The transcriptional co-activator PGC1α (peroxisome proliferation activator receptor-γ coactivator1-α) regulates endothelial health. Methods and Results: To evaluate whether skeletal muscle EC-PGC1α is modulated in the setting of malignancy, we isolated muscle ECs from control and melanoma bearing mice at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after melanoma implantation. PGC1α expression was significantly decreased in mECs of melanoma bearing mice from early stage (1 week) compared with control mice. Thus, we generated an EC-specific inducible PGC1α deletion mouse model (ECΔPGC1α) to investigate the mechanistic role of EC-PGC1α in cancer cachexia in vivo. Interestingly, vascular density and muscle area were significantly decreased in the gastrocnemius (GC) of ECΔPGC1α mice compared with ECWT mice using an innovative tissue clearing and high-resolution 3D-tissue imaging system. Tumor bearing ECWT mice had decreased GC mass and weight compared with no tumor mice by enhancing cachexia marker genes, MuRF1 and Atrogin1. The tumor bearing ECΔPGC1α mice had further decreased muscle mass and weight, and grip strength than tumor bearing ECWT mice. We assessed the role of EC-PGC1α in the regulation of capillary function in vivo, and observed that ECΔPGC1α mice demonstrated significantly greater vascular leak than ECWT mice. Conclusion: These data suggest that the presence of melanoma suppresses PGC1α expression in the skeletal muscle endothelium. Endothelial PGC1α, in turn, is essential for maintaining the integrity of the skeletal muscle vascular barrier. Our study suggests that restoring muscle endothelial dysfunction could be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or reverse cancer cachexia. Citation Format: Young-Mee Kim, Georgina Mancinelli, Paul Grippo, Jalees Rehman. Cancer cachexia is mediated by the suppression of PGC1-alpha expression in the skeletal muscle vasculature [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2595.
Multiple-grid solution of the three-dimensional Edler and Navier-Stokes equations

A procedure for the accelerated solution of the three-dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes and Euler equations is described. The convergence of an explicit fine-grid scheme is enhanced through the use of a multiple-grid technique on a collection of coarser grids. The coarse-grid scheme is itself fully explicit and is independent of such details of the fine-grid problem as the formulation of viscous or damping terms and the specification of boundary conditions. Furthermore, this multiple-grid technique may be used, without modification, with a variety of fine-grid algorithms. Results are presented for the flow through a cascade of finite-span, swept blades. The Euler equations are solved for both subcritical and shocked, supercritical flows. The Navier-Stokes computations include laminar and turbulent, attached and separated flows. The procedure is vectorized for use on a CDC Cyber 205 computer and an algorithm version suitable for use on a multiple instruction ↣ultiple data computer is mentioned.
Algorithmic Extraction of Morphological Statistics from Electronic Archives of Neuroanatomy

A large amount of digital data describing the 3D structure of neuronal cells has been collected by many laboratories worldwide in the past decade. Part of these data is made available to the scientific community through internet-accessible archives. The potential of such data sharing is great, in that the experimental acquisition of high-resolution and complete neuronal tracing reconstructions is extremely time consuming. Through electronic databases, scientists can reanalyze and mine archived data in a fast and inexpensive way. However, the lack of software tools available for this purpose has so far limited the use of shared neuroanatomical data. Here we introduce L-Measure (LM), a free software package for the extraction of morphological data from digitized neuronal reconstructions. LM consists of a user-friendly graphical interface and a flexible core engine. LM allows both single-neuron study and the statistical analysis of sets of neurons. Studies can be limited to specific regions of the dendrites; morphological statistics can be returned as raw data, as frequency histograms, or as cross-parameter dependencies. The current version of LM (v1.0) runs under Windows and its output is compatible with MS-Excel.
Meiotic metaphase I pairing behavior of a 5BL recombinant isochromosome in wheat

A recombinant isochromosome i5BLrec of wheat was developed with one arm and the proximal 36% of the other arm of Chinese Spring (CS) origin and the distal 64% of the recombined arm of Triticum turgiduM subsp. dicoccoides origin. The i5BLrec provides an unusual opportunity to analyze the role of the centromere or arm heterozygosity in chromosome prealignment and synapsis during meiosis. In monosomic condition, the i5BLrec formed a ring univalent in 86.8% of the pollen mother cells (PMCs) at meiotic metaphase I. In the disomic condition, the two i5BLrec preferentially paired as a normal bivalent in 74.8% of the PMCs, which differed significantly (p <0.01) from the normal bivalent pairing of 51% observed in diisosomic 5BL chromosomes of the CS (Di5BL(CS)) control plants. In plants with one i5BLrec and a normal 5B(CS), the long arm of 5B(CS) paired with the homologous arm of i5BLrec in 54.4% of the PMCs, and 40.4% of the PMCs had a 5B(CS) univalent and a i5BLrec ring univalent. The implications of the i5BLrec pairing data on the mechanism of Ph1 gene action are discussed.
Market Orientation Effects On Business School Performance: Views From Inside And Outside The Business School

In the world of higher education, organizational strategies may take the form of a research, teaching, student-centered, comprehensive, or international strategy, just to name a few. This manuscript reports the results of a national survey examining the possible impacts of employing a market orientation strategy within schools of business and its possible impact on organizational performance. The schools researched are member business schools of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB-International) and all of the schools studied are located in the United States. The respondents to the survey are academic vice-presidents (outsiders) and deans (insiders) of colleges and universities holding membership in AACSB. The academic vicepresidents were chosen as they are thought to hold the outside management position that can primarily affect the organizational strategy of the academic organizations under their purview. The deans of the business schools were selected as they represent the highest inside level of leadership. We use a reworded Narver and Slater (1990) “market orientation” scale and the Jaworski and Kohli’s (1993) “overall performance” scale in the current research. One hundred sixteen academic vice-presidents and 131 business school deans responded to the survey. The manuscript details the data collection and analysis, statistical results, and implications for university leaders of business schools as well as other academic leaders.
The High Status Track: Studies of Elite Schools and Stratification

(1991). The High Status Track: Studies of Elite Schools and Stratification. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 346-349.
Effect of lipid headgroup charge and pH on the stability and membrane insertion potential of calcium condensed gene complexes.

Noncovalently condensed complexes of genetic material, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), and calcium chloride present a nonviral route to improve transfection efficiency of nucleic acids (e.g., pDNA and siRNA). However, the exact mechanisms of membrane insertion and delivery of macromolecule complexes to intracellular locations as well as their stability in the intracellular environment are not understood. We show that calcium condensed gene complexes containing different hydrophilic (i.e., dTAT, K9, R9, and RH9) and amphiphilic (i.e., RA9, RL9, and RW9) CPPs formed stable cationic complexes of hydrodynamic radii 100 nm at neutral pH. However, increasing the acidity caused the complexes to become neutral or anionic and increase in size. Using zwitterionic and anionic phospholipid monolayers as models that mimic the membrane composition of the outer leaflet of cell membranes and intracellular vesicles and pHs that mimic the intracellular environment, we study the membrane insertion potential of these seven...
Assessing margin expansions of internal target volumes in 3D and 4D PET: a phantom study

To quantify tumor volume coverage and excess normal tissue coverage using margin expansions of mobile target internal target volumes (ITVs) in the lung. FDG-PET list-mode data were acquired for four spheres ranging from 1 to 4 cm as they underwent 1D motion based on four patient breathing trajectories. Both ungated PET images and PET maximum intensity projections (PET-MIPs) were examined. Amplitude-based gating was performed on sequential list-mode files of varying signal-to-background ratios to generate PET-MIPs. ITVs were first post-processed using either a Gaussian filter or a custom two-step module, and then segmented by applying a gradient-based watershed algorithm. Uniform and non-uniform 1 mm margins were added to segmented ITVs until complete target coverage was achieved. PET-MIPs required smaller uniform margins (4.7 vs. 11.3 mm) than ungated PET, with correspondingly smaller over-coverage volumes (OCVs). Non-uniform margins consistently resulted in smaller OCVs when compared to uniform margins. PET-MIPs and ungated PET had comparable OCVs with non-uniform margins, but PET-MIPs required smaller longitudinal margins (4.7 vs. 8.5 mm). Non-uniform margins were independent of sphere size. Gated PET-MIP images and non-uniform margins result in more accurate ITV delineation while reducing normal tissue coverage.
Art museum membership and cultural distinction: Relating members' perceptions of prestige to benefit usage☆

Abstract We explore members' perceptions about museum membership and relate these to the usage frequency of two important membership benefits: free admission and special events invitations. We argue that the purchase of art museum membership represents the acquisition of cultural distinction for the member. Complementing existing sociological theories that associate arts consumption with the elite, we investigate how individuals' perceptions of the prestige associated with membership affect the frequency of benefit usage. Controlling for demographic and membership characteristics, we found benefit usage was more frequent for members who viewed membership as a source of high prestige and who tended to participate in other ‘highbrow’ art forms. Implications of these findings for theories of cultural capital and museum practice are discussed.
Minimal displacement of branching random walk

Let\(\mathfrak{X}\) denote a branching random walk in\(\mathbb{R}^1 \) with mean particle productionm, m>1, and with incremental spatial distributionG, withG({0}) =p andG({1})=1−p. Ifmp=1, then the minimal displacement of\(\mathfrak{X}\) behaves asymptotically like log logn/log 2. If the conditionG({1})=1−p is replaced byG((0, ∞))=1−p, we obtain a similar result.