cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Instructors’ Use of Trigger Warnings and Behavior Warnings in Abnormal Psychology

College students have been increasingly demanding warnings and accommodations in relation to course topics they believe will elicit strong, negative emotions. These “trigger warnings” are highly relevant to Abnormal Psychology because of the sensitive topics covered in the course (e.g., suicide, trauma, sex). A survey of Abnormal Psychology instructors (N = 131) indicated that the majority of them regularly warned students to avoid course-specific behaviors such as stigmatizing mental illness, diagnosing people they know, and sharing personal information. In contrast, the majority of instructors did not provide regular warnings over the course topics that might trigger students, and most instructors had neutral or negative opinions about trigger warnings. Overall, the results suggest that most Abnormal Psychology instructors do not view trigger warnings as essential to the teaching of sensitive topics.
The Role of the Ahlfors Mapping in the Theory of Kernel Functions in the Plane

We describe recent results that establish a close relationship between the Ahlfors mapping function associated to an n-connected domain in the plane and the Bergman and Szego kernels of the domain. The results show that the Ahlfors mapping plays a role in the multiply connected setting very similar to that of the Riemann mapping in the simply connected case. We also describe how the Ahlfors map is connected to the Poisson and other kernels.
Peritoneal Absorption of Macromolecules

We have presented data quantifying both the absorption of fluid and solutes from the peritoneal cavity and the effective lymph flow rate of these substances to the blood. Peritoneal loss rate of macromolecules is dependent on IP pressure while the effective lymph flow rate has a much smaller value than the loss rate and is independent of IP pressure. Data has been presented showing the areas of local absorption and accumulation within peritoneal tissue. Macromolecular accumulation in specific peritoneal tissue depends on several factors, the most important of which is the presence or absence of lymphatics. We conclude from our studies that macromolecular agents injected IP will transport to the blood preferentially via the two major lymphatic systems draining the cavity (subdiaphragmatic and mesenteric). We further conclude that significant accumulation of such drugs will occur in the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm, but that visceral tissues will have concentrations below one-tenth of the value at the peritoneum at positions beyond 1 mm from the peritoneum.
Dose modifications and pharmacokinetics of adjuvant cisplatin monotherapy while on hemodialysis for patients with hepatoblastoma.

Hepatoblastoma can be associated with chronic kidney disease and genitourinary anomalies. Cisplatin is a key agent for treating hepatoblastoma but renal clearance and toxicity can limit its use in end-stage renal disease. We present pharmacokinetic data and clinical outcomes using cisplatin on hemodialysis for three patients with hepatoblastoma. All patients were initially treated with surgery and adjuvant cisplatin [1.67 mg/kg (2 patients) or 50 mg/m2 (1 patient)]. The patient treated with body surface area-based dosing had higher exposures and ototoxicity. Treating hepatoblastoma with cisplatin on hemodialysis using 1.67 mg/kg achieved clinical efficacy with minimal morbidity.
Interprofessional education: A controlled trial of a shared-learning skills simulation between RN & OT students

Abstract Background Interprofessional education (IPE) in healthcare aims to enhance collaborative, evidence-based care. Case-based IPE scenarios incorporating clinical evidence and professional role information may enhance knowledge. Purpose This study compared transfers, mobility, and positioning knowledge, professional role knowledge, and IPE readiness between registered nurse (RN) and occupational therapy (OT) students who participated in either case-based IPE simulation or separate profession-specific education. Method Pre/post knowledge tests and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) surveys were used. Discussion The IPE group had statistically significant improvement in overall knowledge (p = .0478) and 12 of 19 readiness items, but not role knowledge (p = .2714), versus control group. Statistical significance was noted for overall knowledge between RN and OT groups (p = .0311) and within the RN group (RN intervention versus RN control) (p = .0039), and for role knowledge in the same groups (p = .0303 and p = .0126, respectively). Conclusions The results provide evidence for case-based, shared learning with RN and OT students in simulation.
Picture Pill Count: An Innovative, Reliable, Valid and Feasible Method to Measure Adherence to ART.

We report the reliability, validity, and feasibility of self-performed picture pill count (PPC) as an adherence measure that was used in a randomized trial with HIV positive people living in rural Georgia. The first 61 (of 149) participants conducted an additional PPC 1–2 days after baseline. Reliability, measured by a PPC scoring instrument, analyzed participants’ ability to reproduce high quality pill count photographs free from artifact or blurring that could hamper accurate visualization of the pills and bottle labels. Except for label blur, baseline photographs (performed with coaching by study staff) and independently performed post-baseline photographs were rated as acceptable quality (> 93%). Label blur significantly worsened between the baseline and post-baseline scoring (93% vs 80%, p = 0.039), possibly indicating that participants required more education to ensure readability. Validity was determined by comparing the number of pills entered into the PC survey with the number of pills in the texted PPC; 77.5% of participants had perfectly matched pill counts (r = 0.690, p < 0.001). We found PCC to be a reliable and valid method of measuring adherence. The high rate of participant satisfaction underscores its feasibility. It provides an innovative alternative to other more invasive and labor intensive methods of measuring adherence using pill counts.
Linguistic and Cultural Assimilation as a Capital Investment Process

I develop a learning-by-doing theory of cultural assimilation, in which an individual's cultural identity is determined by past investments in culture-specific capital. The model incorporates several empirically relevant aspects of assimilation that have been difficult to explain in past models. The mechanism in the model yields two possible qualitative outcomes of the assimilation process, depending on the intertemporal complementarities of investment. The first, in which individuals become more homogeneous over time, has been used to explain immigrants' wage assimilation. The second, in which individuals become more heterogeneous as some assimilate and some do not, has different implications for immigration and integration policies. Using detailed datasets from three immigrant destination countries, I provide a variety of evidence from linguistic and identity measures that cultural assimilation (in contrast to economic assimilation) more closely resembles the second type of process.
Increased Pulmonary Artery Diameter Is Associated With Reduced FEV 1 in Former World Trade Center Workers

RATIONALE Occupational exposures at the WTC site after September 11, 2001 have been associated with several presumably inflammatory lower airway diseases. Pulmonary arterial enlargement, as suggested by an increased ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the diameter of the aorta (PAAr) has been reported as a computed tomographic (CT) scan marker of adverse respiratory health outcomes, including WTC-related disease. In this study, we sought to utilize a novel quantitative CT (QCT) measurement of PAAr to test the hypothesis that an increased ratio is associated with FEV1 below each subject's statistically determined lower limit of normal (FEV1 < LLN). METHODS In a group of 1,180 WTC workers and volunteers, we examined whether FEV1 < LLN was associated with an increased QCT-measured PAAr, adjusting for previously identified important covariates. RESULTS Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association of FEV1 < LLN with PAAr (35.3% vs 24.7%, P = 0.0001), as well as with height, body mass index, early arrival at the WTC disaster site, shorter WTC exposure duration, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL) score, wall area percent and evidence of bronchodilator response. The multivariate logistic regression model confirmed the association of FEV1 < LLN with PAAr (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21, 2.20, P = 0.0015) and all the unadjusted associations, except for PCL score. CONCLUSIONS In WTC workers, FEV1 < LLN is associated with elevated PAAr which, although likely multifactorial, may be related to distal vasculopathy, as has been hypothesized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Congress and Indians

Contrary to popular narratives about courts protecting certain minority rights from majoritarian influences, Indian nations lose in the United States Supreme Court over 75 percent of the time. As a result, scholars, tribal leaders, and advocates have suggested that Congress, as opposed to the courts, may be more responsive to Indian interests and have therefore turned to legislative strategies for pursuing and protecting tribal interests. Yet very little is known about the kinds of legislation Congress enacts relating to American Indians. This article charts new territory in this understudied area and responds to recent calls for more empirical legal studies in the field of federal Indian law by enhancing understandings of the amount and kinds of Indian-related legislation enacted by Congress. Based on an analysis of 7799 Indian-related bills, this Article expounds a basic typology of the kinds of Indian-related legislation introduced and enacted by Congress from 1975 to 2013. The Article reports a higher enactment rate for Indian-related legislation than all bills introduced in Congress. This finding problematizes traditional narratives about the success of minority groups in the political process and has serious implications for how scholars and advocates understand congressional policymaking. Further, the Article shows that much of this legislation does not affect Indians alone. Rather, Congress generates a substantial amount of legislation for the general welfare of its citizens, including Indians and Indian nations. It suggests that federal Indian law scholarship, which has focused on legislation specific to Indian nations, has overlooked an important part of the development of federal Indian law and policy. Finally, the Article considers some possible explanations for the higher enactment rate of Indian-related legislation and the implications of this study for congressional policymaking, especially federal Indian law and policy. It confirms the need for further investigation into the different kinds of Indian-related legislation and the complex relationships between Congress and Indians.
Community Insights on Domestic Violence among African Americans

Twenty years ago, in an attempt to fill a gap in the literature on domestic violence among African Americans, the Institute on Domestic Violence in the African American Community (IDVAAC) launched ...
Abstract WP217: A New Index for Multiple Chronic Conditions Predicts Post-Stroke Functional Outcome: A Machine Learning Approach in the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project

Introduction: Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) diminish the pre-stroke reserve that aids post-stroke adaptation and recovery. Through machine learning, we developed a MCC index that integrates pre...
Making the ivory tower more inclusive

The rapid expansion of interstate highways in the 1950s led to a marked increase in travel by Americans. While White families traveled with ease, African Americans and other marginalized groups had to plan every detail of their trips to avoid "sundown towns" en route to their destinations. Black families relied on an annual publication to navigate the country9s hostile terrain, a manual known as the Green-Book. Degrees of Difference is another sort of green book, one that provides advice to women of color in graduate programs about how to survive and thrive while navigating hostile academic environments. In doing so, the book shines a light on the ways that graduate programs are failing these individuals.
Search for Dark Matter WIMPs Using Upward-Going Muons in Super-Kamiokande

We present the results of indirect searches for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with the Super-Kamiokande detector using neutrino-induced upward through-going muons. The search is done by looking for a statistically significant excess of upward muons from the Sun, the core of the Earth, and the Galactic Center as compared to the number expected from the atmospheric neutrino background. No such excess was seen; therefore we calculate flux limits in various angular cones around each of the above celestial objects. These flux limits are then compared with previous estimates by other detectors. For the Sun and the Earth these flux limits are calculated as a function of WIMP masses.
Intracortical Localization of a Promising Pain Biomarker.

Pain is a highly subjective experience that arises from the integration of emotional, cognitive, and sensory processes. Therefore, the painfulness of a given stimulus can be perceived differently across individuals. Although a patient's verbalization of pain is necessary for clinical diagnoses,
An inverse modelling study on the local volume changes during early morphoelastic growth of the fetal human brain

Abstract We take a data-driven approach to deducing the local volume changes accompanying early development of the fetal human brain. Our approach uses fetal brain atlas MRI data for the geometric changes in representative cases. Using a nonlinear continuum mechanics model of morphoelastic growth, we invert the deformation obtained from MRI registration to arrive at a field for the growth deformation gradient tensor. Our field inversion uses a combination of direct and adjoint methods for computing gradients of the objective function while constraining the optimization by the physics of morphoelastic growth. We thus infer a growth deformation gradient field that obeys the laws of morphoelastic growth. The errors between the MRI data and the forward displacement solution driven by the inverted growth deformation gradient field are found to be smaller than the reference displacement by well over an order of magnitude, and can be driven even lower. The results thus reproduce the three-dimensional growth during the early development of the fetal brain with controllable error. Our findings confirm that early growth is dominated by in plane cortical expansion rather than thickness increase. Statement of Significance The points of significance of our work are: • A data-driven approach to deducing the local volume changes accompanying early development of the fetal human brain from MRI registration. • The combination of direct and adjoint methods while constraining the optimization by the physics of morphoelastic growth. • Reproduction of the three-dimensional growth during the early development of the fetal brain with controllable error. • To our knowledge, the first data-driven confirmation underlying the morphoelastic theory that early growth is dominated by in-plane cortical expansion rather than thickness increase. • To our knowledge, the first data-driven confirmation underlying the morphoelastic theory that early growth is radially distributed, increasing along the ventricular-cortical direction.
T time: Emerging and new therapies for peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Abstract Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogenous group of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are far less sensitive to chemotherapy than their B-cell counterparts. Despite their poor prognosis, they are treated similarly to most aggressive B-cell lymphomas, heavily relying on CHOP or CHOP-like combination chemotherapy irrespective of their different subtypes or biology. The last decade has seen the emergence of many targeted therapies that include histone deacetylase inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, monoclonal antibodies and PIK3 inhibitors, among others. However, prognosis remains poor especially in the relapsed/refractory setting. Using an extensive pubmed search, the authors will be summarizing the different trials that lead to these approved targeted agents as well as novel combination strategies. The fundamental recognition that different subtypes of PTCL have specific biological features that drive not only proliferation, but also responses to different treatment approaches, should be informing the design of future clinical trials.
The Onomastic Devices of Camilo Jose Cela

noun for a proper name. Such a man is Don Trinidad (Holy Trinity) Garda Sobrino, a client at Dona Rosa's cafe. We also have Ventura
Associations of Pigment-Proteins and Phospholipids into Specific Domains in Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides Photosynthetic Membranes as Determined by Lithium Dodecyl Sulfate/Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

When chromatophore vesicles derived from the intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides are subjected to lithium dodecyl sulfate/Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 4°C, specific domains of the B800–850 light-harvesting complex can be isolated which include their associated phospholipid components. Electrophoresis of chromatophores from 32Pi-labeled cells at various lithium dodecyl sulfate concentrations indicated that approx. 10–19% of the radioactivity which entered the gel remained associated near the top with the major B800–850 band with most of the rest at the gel front. In chromatophores in which cardiolipin was present, B800–850 was enriched 2- to 6-fold in this phospholipid. Up to three phospholipid molecules were present per complex. Although about 40% of the B800–850 in the gel was found in complexes which contained B800–850 still associated with the B875 light-harvesting complex, very little radioactivity was associated with these or with the spectrally homogeneous B875 complex. After pulse labeling cells 1 min with 2-[3H]glycerol, the specific phospholipid radioactivity in B800–850 was up to one-third lower than in chromatophores. This indicates that the exchange of newly synthesized phospholipid into B800–850 is restricted and that stable phospholipid associations in this complex may be preserved during electrophoresis. Thus, the major B800–850 band, which is thought to arise from an outer array of this antenna, appears to associate specifically with phospholipids. The relation of these findings to models for the organization of the pigment-protein complexes in the membrane is discussed.
Velocity and stress fields of polymeric liquids flowing in a periodically constricted channel

Abstract An apparatus has been constructed for applying laser Doppler velocimetry and flow birefringence to the non-intrusive measurement of local velocity and stress fields in complex two-dimensional flows. It can provide information for testing constitutive equations for polymeric liquids in complex flows without requiring global solutions for the entire flow. The system is automated, enabling the determination of detailed velocity and stress fields quickly and reproducibly. Consequently, a large amount of information suitable for testing constitutive equations and numerical simulations of non-Newtonian flows can be compiled. In this paper the apparatus is described and its validity established for slow flows of a 20% polystyrene solution in a straight channel. The flow behavior of the same fluid in a periodically constricted channel is described in Part 2 of this work.
A design of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity

Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs proposed by Alamouti (1998), and Tarokh-Jafarkhani-Calderbank (1999) have attracted considerable attention lately due to their fast maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding and full diversity. However, the maximum symbol transmission rate of a space-time block code from complex orthogonal designs for complex constellations is only 3/4 for three and four transmit antennas. Jafarkhani (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.49, no.1, p.1-4, 2001), and Tirkkonen-Boariu-Hottinen (see ISSSTA 2000, p.429-32, September 2000) proposed space-time block codes from quasi-orthogonal designs, where the orthogonality is relaxed to provide higher symbol transmission rates. With the quasi-orthogonal structure, these codes still have a fast ML decoding, but do not have the full diversity. We design quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity by properly choosing the signal constellations. In particular, we propose that half symbols in a quasi-orthogonal design are from a signal constellation A and another half of them are optimal selections from the rotated constellation e/sup j/spl phi///spl Ascr/. The optimal rotation angles /spl phi/ are obtained for some commonly used signal constellations. The resulting codes have both full diversity and fast ML decoding.
Metabolism of isolated fat cells. II. The similar effects of phospholipase C (Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin) and of insulin on glucose and amino acid metabolism.

Phospholipase C (α toxin of Clostridium perfringens) has been found to cause, at relative high concentrations, the lysis of fat cells isolated from rat epididymal adipose tissue. Lysis of the fat cells resulted in the loss of insulin response in proportion to the amount of cells broken. It is suggested that the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism by the fat cell are dependent on the presence of an intact cell membrane. The level of flexokinase activity in the fat cell was not affected by insulin or phospholipase C; sufficient hexokinase was present to account for all the glucose phosphorylated by fat cells in response to insulin. Evidence is presented that glucose is transported in the fat cell by a carrier-mediated, stereospecific process. Insulin and treatment of fat cells with phospholipase C under conditions that did not cause lysis, stimulated the transport of glucose. Anabolic processes, such as fatty acid synthesis from glucose and amino acid incorporation into protein, were also stimulated by insulin and phospholipase C. The action of phospholipase C on glucose transport and amino acid utilization was a function of enzyme concentration, suggesting that the amount of cellular phospholipid hydrolyzed by the enzyme determined the amount of solute entering the cell. Phospholipids appear, therefore, to be linked to transport processes. The common effects of insulin and phospholipase C on the fat cell suggests that the same parameter in the cell is affected by these substances. It is hypothesized that insulin and phospholipase C act on the plasma membrane to alter the configuration of its lipoproteins from a laminated to a micellar or globular form. The latter configuration of the membrane lipoproteins might have interstices that permit the carrier-mediated passage of solutes into the cell.
Bumble bee pollen use and preference across spatial scales in human-altered landscapes

While the discussion of native pollinator decline has grown dramatically worldwide, information on how native pollinators utilise floral resources in natural and human-altered landscapes remains relatively limited. Specifically, little is known about the collection of pollen, an essential component of larval and adult bee food, and whether pollen collection patterns change across habitats, spatial scales, and/or native and non-native floral resource distributions. In this study, the pollen collection patterns and preferences of the yellow-faced bumble bee, Bombus vosnesenskii, were examined across a gradient of natural and human-altered sites. Three hypotheses were investigated: (i) landscape-scale (2km) but not local-scale (250m) floral and habitat composition factors are most predictive of bee-collected pollen composition; (ii) collection of native pollen is greater in sites with greater proportions of natural habitat at landscape scales; and (iii) bees exhibit greater 'preference' for native versus non-native pollen. Bombus vosnesenskii collected more species of pollen when landscape-scale riparian forest cover was low but local- and landscape-scale floral species richness was high. Also, B.vosnesenskii collected pollen from a wide range of plant families and did not exhibit a significant preference for native versus non-native species. Finally, preference analysis indicated that the only significant preference exhibited by B.vosnesenskii during the study period was for Heteromeles arbutifolia, a native shrub. Overall, results from this study reveal the importance of species-rich floral patches (native and non-native) for pollinator provisioning across natural and human-altered landscapes. © 2013 The Royal Entomological Society.
Interfacial Chemistry of Mullite‐Mullite Composites

Interfacial chemistry of mullite fiber reinforced-mullite matrix composites was examined using SEM/EDX and scanning AES. All the fibers bond strongly to the matrix and exhibit no sliding during afiber push-in test. Ex­cess Si over AI is found at the fiber-matrix interfaces. AES results show the carbon -layer is nonuniform and in some cases less than 30 nm thick. Introduction
Role of flanking E box motifs in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TATA element function.

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is dependent on a number of cis-acting DNA elements present in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Previous studies have demonstrated that the TATA element is critical for basal and Tat-induced HIV-1 gene expression. The HIV-1 TATA region has an unusual structure in that the TATA sequence is flanked by two palindromic sequence motifs (CANNTG) known as E boxes which can serve as binding sites for the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) class of DNA-binding proteins. In this study, we performed site-directed mutagenesis of both the TATA and the flanking E box sequences of HIV-1. We also substituted the sequences flanking the adenovirus E3 promoter TATA sequence for those flanking the HIV-1 TATA sequence. Constructs were assayed for their levels of basal and Tat-induced gene expression by both in vitro transcription and transient expression assays. Both the TATA box and flanking sequences including the E box motifs were found to be important in modulating both basal gene expression and Tat-induced HIV-1 gene expression. Gel retardation analysis demonstrated that binding of both the recombinant TATA-binding protein (TBP) and the TFIID fraction which contains both TBP and TBP-associated factors was dependent primarily on the TATA element. However, competition analysis suggested that the E boxes may play a role in stabilizing the binding of TFIID but not recombinant TBP. Two proteins representing different classes of bHLH proteins, E47 and AP-4, were assayed for their ability to bind to the flanking E box motifs. We isolated a cDNA clone encoding the complete AP-4 protein and demonstrated that both AP-4 and E47 bound specifically to the 3' E box motif, which contains sequences that correspond to the consensus binding site (CAGCTG). Gel retardation analysis indicated that the binding of AP-4 to the E boxes excluded the binding of TBP to the TATA box. These studies are consistent with a model in which different classes of cellular bHLH proteins may be involved in regulating HIV-1 TATA element function by either inhibiting or promoting the assembly of different preinitiation transcriptional complexes.
The Continuum of Vulnerabilities and Capacities

The role of local context is paramount in determining both the nature of the disaster that may arise from a hazard and whether a pre-existing characteristic will indeed become a vulnerability or a capacity. A vulnerability in a particular setting may be neutral or even a capacity at another time, place, or when confronting a different hazard. Vulnerabilities and capacities may include, among others, features of political governance, demography, culture, economy, history, geography, and physical environment. A vulnerability-capacity continuum casts in bold relief the centrality of the pre-disaster context and the complexity of forces that may counteract, amplify, or co-exist with one another. For example, geographic isolation may protect against external conquest and may be responsible for a locally strong political system, which in turn might protect a population affected by a hazard. On the other hand, geographic isolation can also reduce the availability of outside aid when needed. A weak economy may limit the resources available to attend to the hazard, creating a disaster. Conversely, a strong economy characterized by substantial socioeconomic disparities can exacerbate the influence of a hazard, particularly among marginalized groups. Strong community organizations may serve as a mechanism for support in the aftermath of a disaster. Here, we discuss the ways in which particular vulnerabilities and capacities may influence hazards to produce disasters.
Capacitive Regenerative Braking in Single-Phase Motors

Capacitive regenerative braking may occur in capacitor start motors when power is removed. A series resonant circuit is formed with the main winding and start winding connected in series through a relay or centrifugal switch to the start capacitor. The circuit will resonate over a range of speeds. Slip (which is negative) and saturation are determined by the conditions that the sum of the real impedances in the circuit must be zero and the sum of the imaginary impedances must also be zero. The rotational energy of the motor is converted into stator and rotor heating losses. Formulas are derived for the range of speed over which regeneration may take place, and a method of predicting braking torques is given. Braking torques several times larger than the rated maximum motor torque can be developed.
Verbal Rehearsal and Visual Imagery Mnemonic Aids For Learning-Disabled Children

Investigations were made of the effects of verbal rehearsal, visual imagery, and “unaided” instruction on reading comprehension in learning-disabled children. In the main experiment, 30 learning-disabled children were randomly assigned to verbal rehearsal, visual imagery, and “unaided” instruction groups. Retention was measured immediately after reading the story; after 15 minutes; and one week later. A 3x3 analysis of variance found that verbal rehearsal and visual imagery significantly increased comprehension. A small-N study conducted later to determine the effects of mnemonic instruction over repeated sessions with four learning-disabled children with different WISC-R patterns yielded similar results. These studies support the contention that reading comprehension difficulties among learning-disabled children are partly due to inefficient memorization strategies, and demonstrate the efficacy of practical, cost-effective mnemonic-training procedures which significantly increase reading comprehension in...
Prediction of HPLC conditions using QSPR techniques: an effective tool to improve combinatorial library design.

The purification and characterization of compounds resulting from parallel synthesis or combinatorial chemistry has not yet been optimized to operate as a completely automated high-throughput process. Liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) is most commonly employed to carry out the characterization and identification of combinatorial compounds. This desired level of automation can only be accomplished if the separation conditions for every compound in the combinatorial array are known prior to the analysis. This study presents a quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) approach to predict the retention time of structurally diverse solutes under 75 different LC/MS conditions. Sixty-two compounds were analyzed using 15 commonly used HPLC columns under 5 different gradient conditions. The solute retention time was used as the dependent variable, and more than 1000 molecular descriptors were calculated for this compound set to generate QSRR models. After the elimination of highly correlat...
Aneuploidies and micronuclei in the germ cells of male mice of advanced age

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine whether the frequencies of chromosomally defective germ cells increased with age in male laboratory mice. Two types of chromosomal abnormalities were characterized: (1) testicular spermatid aneuploidy (TSA) as measured by a new method of multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes specific for mouse chromosomes X, Y and 8, and (2) spermatid micronucleus (SMN) analyses using anti-kinetochore antibodies. B6C3F1 mice (aged 22.5 to 30.5 months, heavier than controls but otherwise in good health) showed significant ~ 2.0 fold increases in the aneuploidy phenotypes X-X-8, Y-Y-8, 8-8-X and 8-8-Y with the greatest effects appearing in animals aged greater than 28 months. No age effect was observed, however, in X-Y-8 hyperhaploidy. Major age-related increases were seen in Y-Y-8 and X-X-8 hyperhaploidies suggesting that advanced paternal age is associated primarily with meiosis II rather than meiosis I disjunction errors. A ~ 5 fold increase was also found in the frequency of micronucleated spermatids in aged mice when compared with young controls. All micronuclei detected in the aged animals lacked kinetochore labeling, suggesting that they either did not contain intact chromosomes or the chromosomes lacked detectable kinetochores. The findings of the TSA and SMN assays are consistent with meiotic or premeiotic effects of advanced age on germ cell chromosomes, but there were differences in the age dependencies of aneuploidy and micronuclei. In summary, advanced paternal age may be a risk factor for chromosomal abnormalities (both aneuploidy and structural abnormalities) in male germ cells.
Strength-annealing studies in neutron irradiated copper-base alloy single crystals

Abstract The yield stress of neutron irradiated αCu-Al, αCu-Ga and αCu-Ge single crystals has been studied during isochronal annealing from 100°c to 450°c. The temperature needed to achieve a given stage in the annealing is decreased with increasing solute additions. The return of the pre-irradiated strength in alloys containing 14 at. % Al, 14 at. % Ga and 7 at. % Ge takes place at temperatures in the range 200°c-350°c, rather than in the 300°c-450°c interval found for pure copper. The strength of Cu-14 at. % Al crystals was determined as a function of isothermal annealing at temperatures from 221°c to 304.5°c. Activation energies have been calculated from these data, and these are compared to values obtained elsewhere for pure copper crystals. Possible reasons are discussed for the decrease in this energy due to the solutes.
Assessing the 1/f noise contributions of accidental defects in advanced semiconductor devices

The effects on the overall device noise of a small number of defects in device sections with a strong transfer impedance coupling to the device terminals is discussed using advanced bulk and silicon-on-insulator n channel MOSFETs and silicon nanowires as examples. From the measured noise and current-voltage data, the precise physical location of the noise centers is determined. Potential noise reduction methods are discussed.
Consumer perceptions of refund depth and competitive scope in price-matching guarantees: effects on store patronage

Abstract The study investigates the effect of two characteristics of price-matching guarantees—the depth of refund offer and the scope of competitors eligible for price matching—on consumer perceptions of price-matching guarantee believability and value and consumer intentions to patronize the retailer. The results show that large refund offers built consumer patronage intentions by enhancing perceptions of the value of the price-matching guarantee, while simultaneously exerting a negative impact on patronage by reducing believability of the price-matching promise. The competitive scope also affected the patronage intentions by influencing the perceived value of the price-matching policy.
Amplification of waves by an orthotropic basin: sagittal plane motion

Scattering of elastic waves by an orthotropic basin of arbitrary shape embedded in a half-space is investigated for the sagittal plane motion using an indirect boundary integral equation approach. Steady-state results were obtained for incident plane harmonic pseudo P-, S-, and Rayleigh waves. Detailed convergence analysis of the method is presented. Green's functions are evaluated by using adaptive Newton-Cotes or Filon quadratures. Surface ground motion is presented for semicircular and semielliptical basins with different material properties and various angles of incidence. The results show that surface motion strongly depends upon nature of incident wave, geometry and material properties of the basin, and location of the observation point. Comparison with isotropic basin response demonstrates that anisotropy is very important in amplification of surface ground motion.
Heteroaromatic Modules for Self-Assembly Using Multiple Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonding is a directional and moderately strong intermolecular force. Compounds that present multiple hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor groups have proven to be extremely important in creating new self-assembled structures. A review of several classes of organic compounds capable of multiple hydrogen-bond recognition is presented with a focus on the factors that contribute to complex stability.
An anisotropic screening effect in the theory of electric field gradients in dilute alloys of simple metals

Abstract The Kohn-Vosko formula for electric field gradients associated with point defects is modified to account for the effect of anisotropic screening charge density on the core enhancement factor.
Modified “Liver-Sparing” Multivisceral Transplant with Preserved Native Spleen, Pancreas, and Duodenum: Technique and Long-Term Outcome

Background Modification of the originally described multivisceral transplant operation was introduced at our institution 17 years ago. Donor liver was spared, and native spleen along with pancreaticoduodenal complex was preserved.
The Effects of DonorNet 2007 on Kidney Distribution Equity and Efficiency

In 2007, UNOS released DonorNet 2007® (DN07) in hope of improving allocation equity and efficiency. We hypothesized that hard-to-place organs might be less efficiently handled through this regimented process. We analyzed associations between DN07 and center-level equity, number of refusals per organ and cold ischemia time (CIT). A total of 8244 kidney transplants between 1/2006 and 12/2006 (pre-DN07) were compared with 6029 transplants between 5/2007 and 2/2008 (post-DN07). Distribution equity was assessed by the Gini coefficient, changes in the number of refusals and CIT by negative binomial regression and discard rates by logistic regression. We estimated quantile-specific differences in CIT by bootstrapping. We found no significant change in center-level distribution equity after DN07. Number of refusals per organ increased by 20% (adjusted rate ratio 1.121.201.28, p < 0.001) at the patient level and 11% (ARR 1.071.111.16, p < 0.001) at the center level. Regression models of CIT showed no global change in CIT associated with DN07, but those kidneys with the longest CIT pre-DN07 had statistically significantly longer CIT post-DN07. The discard rate also increased significantly (ARR 1.061.111.17, p < 0.001). DN07 has not improved equity or efficiency in allocation of deceased donor kidneys, and may be harming the allocation of hard-to-place kidneys.
The emptiness problem for CA limit sets

The limit sets of cellular automata, defined by Wolfram, play an important role in applications of cellular automata. The emptiness problem for CA limit sets is whether the limit set of a given CA is empty. Our main concern is the decidability of this problem. Since, as we show in this paper, the limit set of any CA is non-empty, the emptiness problem for CA limit sets becomes whether the limit set of a given CA contains a non-quiescent configuration. We show that this problem is undecidable for n-dimensional CA where n >= 2. This problem is still open for 1-dimensional CA, i.e. linear CA. As a partial result, we show that when only the finite confifurations are concerned, this problem is undecidable even for linear CA.
Sacred Objects, Healing Prayer: The Use of Transitional Phenomena in a Client's Recovery from Incest

Utilizing the lens of object relations theory, this case study explores how issues of spirituality have surfaced—and continue to surface—in the therapeutic work of a young male survivor of incest who, at critical points in the treatment, has utilized “sacred” transitional objects and ritual as ways of grounding the work. Drawing on the work of Donald Winnicott, the use of transitional phenomena is examined as a reflection of the client's ways of making meaning of his history of incest and his means of facilitating a greater degree of safety in the therapeutic process. The language of contemporary pastoral theology further nuances the discussion of the client's spiritual issues and the process of healing occurring in the therapeutic relationship.
Attitudes of Mental Health Workers Toward Community Integration of the Persons with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness

This study examined attitudes of mental health professionals toward community integration of the persons with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI). The sample consisted of staff members from outpatient psychiatric clinics, agencies providing residential services for SPMI, and agencies advocating on behalf of the mentally ill. Each agency type included line workers, supervisors, and directors. A survey instrument for examining attitudes toward community integration of SPMI was developed. The study produced an important association between attitudes and agency types—mental health workers employed at outpatient psychiatric clinics were found to hold significantly more exclusionary attitudes toward SPMI than the workers at other agency types. The article provides evidence of an association between clinical knowledge and attitudes of mental health workers on community integration of SPMI.
VSP Tomography of Vinton Dome, Louisiana

We adopt a traveltime tomography method that is able to reliably determine velocity-interface depth model for a VSP dataset from Vinton Dome, an oil field in southwest Louisiana. While VSP data is useful to providing depth control and recognition or multiples, the lack of crossing raypaths introduces non-uniqueness in tomographic models. To constrain the non-uniqueness, we implemented a new deformable layer tomography (DLT). The subsurface is divided into a number of deformable layers, each having a constant velocity value. The DLT inverts for layer velocity and interface geometry simultaneously. We also exploit the information content of both first arrivals and reflection events. Many geological and geophysical constraints, including structural interpretation, well-log measurements, depth of well markers, were used to facilitate event recognition and reduce the non-uniqueness for tomography.
Learning to Collude Tacitly on Production Levels by Oligopolistic Agents

Classical oligopoly theory has strong analytical foundations but is weak in capturing the operating environment of oligopolists and the available knowledge they have for making decisions, areas in which the management literature is relevant. We use agent-based models to simulate the impact on firm profitability of policies that oligopolists can pursue when setting production levels. We develop an approach to analyzing simulation results that makes use of nonparametric statistical tests, taking advantage of the large amounts of data generated by simulations, and avoiding the assumption of normality that does not necessarily hold. Our results show that in a quantity game, a simple exploration rule, which we call Probe and Adjust, can find either the Cournot equilibrium or the monopoly solution depending on the measure of success chosen by the firms. These results shed light on how tacit collusion can develop within an oligopoly.
The Reusable Reentry Satellite - Keeping it up and bringing it down

Mission and system concerns of the Reusable Reentry Satellite are examined. The orbital lifetime of the satellite due to atmospheric drag, the desirable orbital characteristics which will permit deorbit and landing at the designated recovery site, the cycle of the local time of landing from day to night for the possible orbits, and the deorbit sequence and subsequent reentry point and landing site dispersions are discussed. Also, atmospheric reentry, terminal descent and landing, and an approach which can significantly reduce the landing dispersion errors by actively nulling the deorbit maneuver errors are considered.
Antiviral resistance in cytomegalovirus: an emerging problem in organ transplant recipients.

In the era of more aggressive immunosuppressive regimens and antiviral prophylaxis, ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been recognized as an important clinical problem in organ transplant recipients. Among the various solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients, lung transplant recipients appear to be disproportionately affected. Ganciclovir-resistant CMV appears to be a relatively late posttransplant complication and is seen predominantly among CMV-seronegative recipients of organs from seropositive donors, particularly in the setting of potent immunosuppression and prolonged exposure to ganciclovir (especially oral ganciclovir). Limitations in current diagnostic methods mandate a high clinical index of suspicion. In high-risk patients in whom ganciclovir resistance is clinically suspected, while awaiting laboratory confirmation of resistance, empiric addition of intravenous foscarnet, often combined with reduction in immunosuppression and CMV hyperimmune globulin, are commonly used. Better diagnostic tools and newer, less toxic, antiviral agents with different mechanisms of action are urgently needed to decrease the morbidity associated with this complication in organ transplant recipients.
MUTATION-BASED MOLECULAR GLIOMA CLASSIFICATION: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATION WITH GERMLINE RISK SNPS

BACKGROUND: Specific germline alterations within TERT, EGFR, CCDC26, CDKN2A/B, PHLDB1, TP53 and RTEL1 are associated with development of glioma. While germline variants in TERT are associated with all gliomas, others are associated with specific morphologic and/or molecular subtypes. For example, the RTEL1 region variants are associated with primary glioblastoma and rs55705857 in CCDC26 is associated with 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas and with IDH mutant astrocytic gliomas. We hypothesize that germline variants will be associated with specific molecular glioma subtypes recently defined by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other groups. In this study we grouped Mayo Clinic and TCGA high- and low-grade glioma patients into somatic mutation-defined molecular subgroups, regardless of grade, based on three molecular alterations. We then determined if germline polymorphisms are associated with these mutation-based molecular subtypes. METHODS: Five molecular subtypes were defined based on combinations of the following molecular alterations: TERT promoter mutation (TERT mut vs. TERT wt), IDH1/2 mutation (IDH mut vs. IDH wt) and 1p/19q co-deletion (1p19q codel vs. 1p19q noncodel). Germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated by array analysis of blood-derived DNA (Mayo) and 1K genome imputation (TCGA). RESULTS: 207 Mayo Clinic and 402 TCGA gliomas had both germline SNP and mutation data available. The acquired mutation data defined five molecular subgroups (Table). The prevalence of each of these subtypes were very similar in the Mayo and TCGA cohorts, (Table). In both the Mayo Clinic and TCGA cohorts various SNPs were associated with the development of specific subtypes (Table). Further validation using a UCSF cohort, as well as analyses of grade, subtype and survival are underway. Table Prevalence of Mutation-based Acquired Molecular Glioma Subtypes and Their Germline SNP Associations