cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Laboratory Aggression: A New Response-Choice Paradigm:

40 undergraduate student volunteers were tested on a new Response-choice Aggression Paradigm. Men and women were provoked in a reaction time competition by receiving electric shocks and were allowed to respond to a confederate with similar shocks or to refrain from any retaliation. Analysis indicated positive association between a self-report measure of physical aggression and laboratory responses on the paradigm, and positive associations among aggression indices of the task. The results confirm earlier findings of sex differences in aggression and offer new measures of aggression "flashpoint" as a step closer to aggressive behavior in naturalistic settings.
Sputter reduction of oxides by ion bombardment during Auger depth profile analysis

Quantification of the magnitude of preferential sputtering of oxygen from metallic oxides has been examined for a large number of 30 nm thick amorphous oxides deposited onto polished silicon substrates. The method of analysis was derivative-mode Auger analysis carried out in a cleaner vacuum system and with cleaner initial surfaces than has been the case usually for data found in the literature. Ion sputtering was primarily with 3 keV xenon ions but the effect of ion energy (1, 3 and 4.5 keV), ion mass (argon or xenon) and sputter rate was also examined. The magnitude of preferential sputtering at 20°C was generally much less than has been reported previously and was not a function of ion energy, mass or sputter rate over the range studied. The results separate into two groups: oxides that reduce appreciably and those that do not. The results agree well with the predictions from the theoretical model of Kelly.1 It must be concluded from the work that most of the data reported in literature are primarily the result of unrecognized and therefore unreported variables. Likely candidates are contaminants within the ion beam and background environment that contribute chemical effects to the sputter process, ion beam and electron beam heating of poorly conducting samples, or redeposition of sputtered material into the analysis area.
A Course in Engineering Measurements

This paper describes the first course which engineering students at Arizona State University take in the field of measurements. This Senior course is part of the "core," i.e., it is taken by all engineering seniors (except electrical engineers who may take it as an elective subject).
Isolation of an Anaplasma sp. Organism from White-Tailed Deer by Tick Cell Culture

We used tick cell culture to isolate a bacterium previously referred to as the “white-tailed deer (WTD) agent” from two captive fawns inoculated with blood from wild WTD (Odocoileus virginianus). Buffy coat cells were added to ISE6 tick cell cultures and incubated at 34°C, and 8 days later, Anaplasma-like inclusions were demonstrated in Giemsa-stained culture samples. The microbes became established and could be continuously passaged in tick cells. The identity of a culture isolate designated WTD76 was verified as the WTD agent by using specific PCR primers and by DNA sequencing. Comparison with sequences available in GenBank indicated that the isolate was most closely related first to Anaplasma platys and second to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, supporting its placement in the genus Anaplasma. Transmission electron microscopy of this Anaplasma sp. organism in tick cell cultures revealed large inclusions filled with pleomorphic and rod-shaped bacteria. Tick cells infected with the Anaplasma sp. organism were used to successfully infect a naive deer, thereby proving the infectivity of the isolate for deer.
Estimating Coastal Lagoon Tidal Flooding and Repletion with Multidate ASTER Thermal Imagery

Coastal lagoons mix inflowing freshwater and tidal marine waters in complex spatial patterns. This project sought to detect and measure temperature and spatial variability of flood tides for a constricted coastal lagoon using multitemporal remote sensing. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER) thermal infrared data provided estimates of surface temperature for delineation of repletion zones in portions of Chincoteague Bay, Virginia. ASTER high spatial resolution sea-surface temperature imagery in conjunction with in situ observations and tidal predictions helped determine the optimal seasonal data for analyses. The selected time series ASTER satellite data sets were analyzed at different tidal phases and seasons in 2004–2006. Skin surface temperatures of ocean and estuarine waters were differentiated by flood tidal penetration and ebb flows. Spatially variable tidal flood penetration was evaluated using discrete seed-pixel area analysis and time series Principal Components Analysis. Results from these techniques provide spatial extent and variability dynamics of tidal repletion, flushing, and mixing, important factors in eutrophication assessment, water quality and resource monitoring, and application of hydrodynamic modeling for coastal estuary science and management.
Glycosaminoglycan-functionalized gold nanorods: interactions with cardiac cells and type I collagen

The sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) heparin and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were immobilized on the surfaces of gold nanorods as part of a polyelectrolyte multilayer. The effects of these nanomaterials on the self-assembly of type I collagen were examined by turbidity assays and microscopy, and desorption of sGAG from nanomaterial-collagen composites was quantified biochemically. The interactions of sGAG-coated nanorods with cardiac cells were also explored through a collagen gel contraction assay and confocal microscopy. In contrast to soluble forms of sGAG, sGAG-coated nanorods consistently accelerated collagen fibrillogenesis. Soluble heparin, and heparin- and CS-coated nanorods inhibited cell-mediated contraction of collagen gels, whereas soluble CS did not. Both heparin and CS-coated nanorods were detected in the peri- and/or intra-cellular compartments of the cells, but there was no evidence of cytotoxicity over 72 h of culture. These results indicate that biological polyanions, such as sGAG, may be useful in the modification of nanoparticle surface chemistry for biological and/or therapeutic applications.
Training field epidemiologists: Alexander D. Langmuir and the epidemic intelligence service.

In 1966, both of us came to the Communicable Disease Center (now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC» as newly commissioned officers in the US Public Health Service. We were initiated into the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) and immediately were immersed in the EIS course, which facilitated our metamorphosis from bedside clinicians into enthusiastic, if inexperienced, epidemiologists. During the subsequent 2 years, one of us (W.S.) was assigned to work as a generalist in a state health department (Rhode Island) while the other (F.M.L.) had a more specialized position (bacterial diseases) at CDC. Nevertheless, both of us went repeatedly into the field on epidemiologic investigations. Somewhere along the way, we assimilated the defining concept that populations, as distinguished from individual patients, were important. As a consequence, our careers, as with those of many other EIS officers, were irrevocably changed.
Structure of the accretionary complex of Barbados, II: Bissex Hill

This is the second of a series concerning the accretionary complex that is exposed on the island of Barbados and is thought to represent the Lesser Antilles fore-arc at its structural high. Two principle tectonostratigraphic elements are present in the Bissex Hill area: a basal complex composed of east-northeast–striking, generally steeply dipping, fault-bound packages of terrigenous sandstones and mudstones (mostly turbidites), hemipelagic rocks and melange; that complex is overlain by the Bissex Hill nappe, composed of calcareous pelagic rocks, crystalline limestone and foraminiferal arenite. Also present in the basal complex are smaller fault-bound packages, termed “micropackets,” composed of brecciated basal complex lithologies. Basal complex faults are cut by the Bissex Hill nappe, except on the southern margin of the Bissex Hill nappe where melange and hemipelagic lithologies apparently have been faulted over the nappe rocks. This youngest faulting may be driven by Holocene and older melange diapirism. Structural evolution of terrigenous and probably hemipelagic rocks in basal complex fault-packages is characterized by coaxial deformation about southwest-trending axes. Melange packages possibly experienced greater strain as evidenced by girdled fold axes and axial planes and foliations of constant orientation. Packet-bounding faults probably developed during early folding and probably represent surfaces against which packet contents contracted. Micropackets are the result of motions after the assembly of major packets, and are formed through fault imbrication and (or) diapiric injection. Rocks of the Bissex Hill nappe experienced folding first about a north-trending axis, followed by folding about a southwest-trending axis and gentle folding on the entire nappe about an east-northeast–trending axis. Deformation in the basal complex is thought to have occurred by progressive accretion of sediment packets. The Bissex Hill nappe is thought to represent a fore-arc basin complex thrust over the accretionary complex. Quartzose sandstones present in the Bissex Hill nappe that probably had their source in the basal complex indicate that the accretionary complex probably shoaled by the Miocene.
Cervical Adenitis in Infancy Report of Four Cases Due to Staphylococci

Four cases of cervical adenitis occurring in infants under four months of age are presented. Coagulase positive staphylococci were recovered in pure culture from the involved lymph node in each instance. Staphylococcal aureus as a cause of lymphadenitis should be suspected in patients who present with acute lymph node swelling and no obvious focus of infection. Antibiotic management of this clinical problem should include therapy specific for the staphylococcus.
First turn around strategy for RHIC

A strategy for achieving the so-called first turn around in RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) is presented. The strategy is based on the same method proposed to correct a distorted closed orbit in RHIC, i.e. on a generalization of the local three-bump method. The method is found to be effective in passing the beam through a non-ideal, insufficiently known, machine. The perturbed lattice was generated by the code PATRIS, which was also adapted to control the newly developed software. In ten distributions of errors the software was capable of passing the beam through in 2-3 injection attempts, at full sextupole strength. >
Inhibition of rat steroid 5α-reductase (isozyme 1) by suramin

Abstract In this study, we show the inhibition of rat steroid 5α-reductase (isozyme 1) by suramin. The enzyme activity decreased in a dose-dependent manner as suramin concentrations increased with the calculated drug dose required for 50% inhibition (at 5 μM testosterone and 200 μM NADPH) being 13 μM. Suramin showed non-competitive inhibition of 5α-reductase with respect to testosterone (KTI = 2.4 μM) and competitive inhibition with respect to NADPH (KNADPHi = 220 nM). Furthermore, suramin and NADP+, but not NAD+, protected 5α-reductase from labeling by 2-azido-NADP+, a photoactive probe which has recently been used to identify the NADPH binding domain of 5α-reductase. These results suggest that suramin inhibits rat steroid 5α-reductase (isozyme 1) at the level of NADPH binding to the enzyme.
Image-Guided, Lobe-Specific Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery to Swine Liver

Image-guided, lobe-specific hydrodynamic gene delivery to liver was assessed in pigs. The procedure involved image-guided insertion of a balloon catheter to the hepatic vein of the selected lobe from the jugular vein and hydrodynamic injection of plasmid DNA using a newly developed computer-controlled injection device. We demonstrated that the impact of the procedure was regional with minimal effects on neighboring lobes. Level of gene expression resulted from the procedure was 107 relative light units (RLU)/mg in the targeted lobes and 102–105 RLU/mg in the nontargeted lobes 4 hours after hydrodynamic injection of pCMV-Luc plasmids. Occlusion of blood flow in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or IVC plus portal vein (PV) was effective in elevating hydrodynamic pressure in the targeted vasculature but did not enhance gene delivery efficiency. Physiological examination on pigs with IVC occlusion revealed transient decreases of blood pressure and respiration rate. Removal of occlusion from IVC resulted in a rapid and transient increase in heart rate. Occlusion of the PV and hepatic vein showed no effect on physiological and cardiac activities. No major changes in serum composition were observed. These results suggest that (i) image-guided, lobe-specific hydrodynamic procedure is effective for regional gene delivery to liver, (ii) blockade in IVC should be avoided for hydrodynamic gene delivery to the liver, and (iii) clinical application of hydrodynamic gene delivery to liver is feasible.
Eigenvalue multiplicity estimate in semidefinite programming

Proposes a non-heuristic scheme to estimate the eigenvalue multiplicity at solution in semidefinite programming. With some mild assumptions, it is shown that there exists an open neighborhood around the solution so that the authors' scheme applied to any point in this neighborhood will always give the correct eigenvalue multiplicity at solution. The authors also show how to incorporate this result into a generalization of an existing local method for solving the semidefinite programming problem.
Blaming the Kids: Children's Agency and Diminished Responsibility

Children are less blameworthy for their beliefs and actions because they are young. But the relationship between development and responsibility is complex. What exactly grounds the excuses we rightly give to young agents? This article presents three distinct arguments for children's diminished responsibility. Drawing on significant resources from developmental psychology, it rejects views which base the normative adult/child distinction on children's inability to participate in certain kinds of moral communication or to form principled self-conceptions which guide their actions. The article then argues that children's responsibility ought to be diminished because (and to the degree that) they are less competent at using features of their moral agency to meet social demands. This ‘normative competence’ view is philosophically defensible, supported by research in developmental psychology, and provides us with a method to evaluate whether things like peer pressure are relevant to responsibility.
Assessing the inverse Gaussian distribution assumption

Two easily applied goodness-of-fit tests for the inverse Gaussian distribution are discussed. One of these tests is the familiar Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test that is applied when the form of a probability distribution is completely specified. When the parameters of the distribution are unknown, as is more typical, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test cannot be directly applied. In this instance, a transformation that uses a distributional result relating the Student-t distribution to the inverse Gaussian distribution allows the Lilliefors test of normality to be adapted to test the inverse Gaussian distribution assumption. >
MAPS: A Multi-Dimensional Password Scheme for Mobile Authentication

It has been long recognized that no silver bullet exists to achieve both security and memorability. With the addition of requirements, the task of designing authentication schemes for mobile devices becomes more challenging. We propose a Multi-dimensionAl Password Scheme (MAPS) for mobile authentication. MAPS fuses information from multiple dimensions to form a password. This fusion enlarges the password space, improves memorability, and enhances usability by reducing the number of gestures needed for authentication. Based on the idea of MAPS, we implement a Chess-based MAPS (CMAPS) for Android systems. Our user studies show that CMAPS can achieve high recall rates while exceeding the security strength of current mobile authentication schemes and exceeding the requirements of banking.
Young children’s preferences: What stimulates children’s cognitive play in outdoor preschools?:

A number of studies have identified childcare environments as significant resources for children’s development, learning through play, and contact with nature. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how, from a child’s perspective, specific outdoor physical environments in preschools stimulate children’s cognitive play. Emphasizing on the value of listening to children, this study reports the perspectives of 22, 4- to 5-year-olds. The study context was an outdoor preschool with natural, mixed, and manufactured settings. A combination of photo preferences and semi-structured interviews was used to investigate children’s perception of preferred settings and cognitive plays. The results identified that children mainly enjoyed functional and dramatic play. They mostly preferred mixed behavior settings that incorporated ranges of natural and manufactured elements. Compared to other settings, children found mixed settings provided the most opportunities for functional, constructive, dramatic, and game with...
Multimodal imaging of harmonophores and application of high content imaging for early cancer detection

Abstract Multimodal imaging techniques aim to improve the efficiency of current cancer diagnostic methods and provide greater insight into the tumour microenvironment. Second harmonic generation microscopy (SHG) is a non-destructive imaging technique available to researchers for detecting the changes in the morphology of collagen. Researchers aim to understand the role played by changes in collagen morphology in tumour development. Hybrid imaging methods are able to combine the specificity of collagen detection by SHG with other narrow ranged fluorescent or biochemical markers, leading to higher efficiency of cancer diagnosis and grading. Different cancer diagnoses have been detected efficiently by these methods, with higher clarity than standard protocols. Higher contrast between malignant and normal tissue, achieved using high content imaging using SHG, have also allowed for development of non-invasive follow-up of cancer treatment methods. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the analysis techniques currently used to further improve the efficiency of cancer detection.
Franck-Condon fingerprinting of vibration-tunneling spectra.

We introduce Franck–Condon fingerprinting as a method for assigning complex vibration-tunneling spectra. The B state of thiophosgene (SCCl2) serves as our prototype. Despite several attempts, assignment of its excitation spectrum has proved difficult because of near-degenerate vibrational frequencies, Fermi resonance between the C–Cl stretching mode and the Cl–C–Cl bending mode, and large tunneling splittings due to the out-of-plane umbrella mode. Hence, the spectrum has never been fitted to an effective Hamiltonian. Our assignment approach replaces precise frequency information with intensity information, eliminating the need for double resonance spectroscopy or combination differences, neither of which have yielded a full assignment thus far. The dispersed fluorescence spectrum of each unknown vibration-tunneling state images its character onto known vibrational progressions in the ground state. By using this Franck–Condon fingerprint, we were able to determine the predominant character of several vibr...
Brain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhanced by a Paramagnetic Nitroxide Contrast Agent: Preliminary Report

Contrast-enhancing agents for demonstrating abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier may extend the diagnostic utility of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. “TES,” a nitroxide stable free radical derivative, was tested as a central nervous system contrast enhancer in dogs with experimentally induced unilateral cerebritis or radiation cerebral damage. After intravenous injection of TES, the normal brain showed no change in NMR appearance, but areas of disease demonstrated a dramatic increase (up to 45%) in spin-echo intensity and a decrease in T1, relaxation times. The areas of disease defined by TES enhancement were either not evident on the nonenhanced NMR images or were better defined after contrast administration. In-depth tests of toxicity, stability, and metabolism of this promising NMR contrast agent are now in progress.
The 1341 Royal Inquest in Lincolnshire

This volume is a calendar edition of the 1341 royal inquest into official misconduct and local disorder in Lincolnshire, held in the aftermath of extended periods of military campaigning, heavy taxation, purveyance and wool levies. It reflects the constant problems of official misconduct and the negative impact of the growth of royal government.
Altruism and the flourishing teacher: Exploring a Christian theology of love:

This article responds to Chris Higgins’ (2010) claim that perpetuating the myth of altruism is a factor that leads to teacher burnout, thus making “flourishing teacher” an oxymoron. It does so by exploring various views of the Christian concepts of agape, kenosis, and desire, debunking some persistent definitions that linger in Christian circles as well as embracing the layers of complexity inherent in a theology of love. The implication for Christian teachers is that because self-sacrifice and self-abnegation are not synonymous, it is possible for them to live lives of altruistic love, avoid burnout, and flourish in their vocations. Implications for teacher educators are also explored.
Determination of calcium in hair by boiling bath digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrometry

[Objective]To establish a simple method for determination of calcium in hair by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.[Methods]The hair samples were digested with boiling bath method,the lanthanum nitrate solution was applied for constant volume,and the flame atomic absorption spectrometry was performed for detection.[Results]The relative standard deviation was 1.27%-1.72%,the recovery rate was 95.24%-103.52%,and the detection limit was 0.012 μg/L.[Conclusion]The flame atomic absorption spectrometry for detecting the calcium in hair is simple,and has the advantages of low detection limit,high precision and accuracy,which can be used to determine the calcium in hair.
Analysis and Application of Field Balancing Coefficients on Generator

This article firstly describes influence coefficient method used in rotor dynamic balance.And then how to deal with coefficients acquired from several weight calibrations and test runs and method of how to eliminate unreliable data are discussed in detail with a practical rotor dynamic balance test on a 600 MW generator.Detailed data analyzing shows that coefficients with weights adjusting on neighboring rotor would introduce great deviation,and should be rejected,it also shows that vibration data changing caused by operating mode variations can also introduce great deviation,and should be fully considered.Result of practical test shows that applying this method can improve balance accuracy greatly.
Rehabilitation of Negative Connotation of "Luddite Imagination" and its Social Implication

Connotation of "Luddite Imagination" refers to concepts of "Luddite Movement" and "Luddites",which are seen as conservatives and behind the times.The negative connotation of "Luddite Imagination" was changed from the political connotation to cultural connotation.Neo-Luddism identifies the rational advocacy in defense of the old Luddite Movement;There are deep-seated issues involved behind the rehabilitation of the negative connotation of "Luddite Imagination";It has comparative implications on China's modernization process.
MANAGEMENT OF THE PROBLEM PATIENT AFTER ANTIREFLUX SURGERY

Long-term follow-up studies have confirmed the efficacy and durability of properly performed operations for gastroesophageal reflux; however, a significant number of patients develop trouble-some postoperative symptoms. Recurrent acid reflux and heartburn, dysphagia, gas bloat, diarrhea, and sliding and/or paraesophageal hernias may require medical or surgical intervention. Whereas some of these problems are transient, most require complete re-evaluations, and many require reoperations, ideally performed by surgeons with experience of these complex cases.
Review. Cytomegaloviruses: the difficult years.

To those of us involved with the virologic accouchement of the human cytomegaloviruses, the rapid postnatal development of knowledge concerning these agents has been fascinating. Who could have predicted that our child, now a fifteen-yearold adolescent, would demonstrate the broad antisocial potentials now recognized? The role of the cytomegaloviruses in the etiology of mental retardation was quickly appreciated. Incrimination of cytomegaloviruses in the etiology of cytomegaloviral mononucleosis, certain forms of hepatitis, and the post-perfusion syndrome followed. In the organ-transplant recipient on immunosuppressive therapy or in the patient receiving tumor-chemotherapy, the cytomegaloviruses are antagonists to be reckoned with. The adolescent years are difficult years. Our understanding of the cytomegaloviruses is immature. We are not certain whether the accouche-
Response to the Northern Policy

Some domestic critics of Roh Tae Woo’s foreign policy, many of them more liberal opposition party members, contend that the South Korean president initiated the Northern Policy not so much for the purpose of broader geopolitical goals or economic development but for assuring the ruling Democratic Justice Party’s support at home. Reunification is the ultimate goal of nearly every South Korean citizen. The government has been very nervous about potential public pressure, especially demonstrations by radicals, should it fail to show some concrete progress in dealing with North Korea. It was incumbent on Roh and his party to bring out a dramatic, constructive scheme which would rekindle hope and rebuild the popular base of support for the government party. In the opposition’s view, then, the Northern policy “is a multi-purpose wildcard that Roh hopes will strengthen his political poker hand.”1 It is, from this perspective, a desperate act to salvage domestic political support for Roh and his Democratic Justice Party.
Port multi-service congestion

Port multi-service congestion occurs when port users of two or more different services (i.e., multi-services) provided at the same port node or over the same port link interfere with one another to the extent that they experience service congestion at the shared node or over the shared link. Container port nodes shared in the provision of port multi-services include, for example, the berth and yard. Container port links shared in the provision of port multi-services include, for example, the yard-to-departure-gate link, entrance-gate-to-yard link, berth-to-yard link and yard-to-berth link. If port multi-service congestion exists at a port node (or over a port link), then port multi-service congestion can be propagated to other port nodes and links in the port as long as there is a connecting path.
False Activations for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

First-medical-contact-to-device (FMC2D) times have improved over the past decade, as have clinical outcomes for patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, with improvements in FMC2D times, false activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) has become a challenging problem. The authors define false activation as any patient who does not warrant emergent coronary angiography for STEMI. In addition to clinical outcome measures for these patients, STEMI systems should collect data regarding the total number of CCL activations, the total number of emergency coronary angiograms, and the number revascularization procedures performed.
Loss of Naivety to Angling at Different Rates in Fished and Unfished Populations of Largemouth Bass

AbstractRecreational fishing represents a coupled human and natural system subject to complex feedback processes. Learned lure avoidance represents one feedback process that may influence a fish population’s vulnerability to angling. In the present study, naive Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides originating from fished and unfished populations were raised in a pond and subjected to standardized angling. Our objectives were to evaluate the initial angling vulnerability and the rate at which naivety to angling was lost for fished and unfished populations. While no difference in initial angling vulnerability existed among fish from fished and unfished populations of origin, individuals from fished populations learned lure avoidance faster than individuals from unfished populations. Cumulative catch events, a metric that incorporates the number of opportunities individuals had to directly and indirectly experience angling, best predicted declining daily catch rates for both fished and unfished populations,...
Electrostatic field changes and durations of Narrow Bipolar Events

Using an array of ten sensors, electric field change measurements of 35 positive narrow bipolar events (NBEs) were obtained at close range (≤10 km). At the closest sensor all 35 NBEs had a net electrostatic change (ΔEfast) associated with the main bipolar pulse with amplitudes of 0.4 to 16.3 V/m (not range normalized). At the closest sensor the bipolar pulse of each of the 35 NBEs was followed by a relatively long, slow electrostatic change (ΔEslow) with amplitudes of 0.1 to 43.4 V/m and durations of 0.7 to 33.7 ms. For ΔEfast, estimated 3-D charge moments for 10 NBEs ranged from 0.46 C kmto 1.81 C km with an average and standard deviation of (1.09 ± 0.36)C km. Seven 3-D charge moments were essentially vertically oriented, and the other three moments were tilted at 10°-20° from vertical. The ten 3-D charge moments were overlaid on vertical radar cross sections; six NBEs occurred in weak reflectivity near the upper reflectivity boundary; the other four NBEs occurred near the top of the high-reflectivity core of the thunderclouds. For ΔEslow, we estimated 3-D charge moments for only 3 NBEs; they ranged from 1.11 C km to 2.69 C km with an average of (1.83 ± 0.80)C km. A two-current transmission line model matched the bipolar pulse and the following slow change (ΔEslow) of one NBE reasonably well. The slow change mechanism may be different from the NBE mechanism and similar to the initial E-change before typical lightning flashes.
Cost analysis of iliac stenting performed in the operating room and the catheterization lab: A case-control study.

Abstract Background Iliac arterial stenting is performed both in the operating room (OR) and the catheterization lab (CL). To date, no analysis has compared resource utilization between these locations. Methods Consecutive patients (n = 105) treated at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Patients included adults with chronic, symptomatic iliac artery stenosis with a minimum Rutherford classification (RC) of 3, treated with stents. Exclusion criteria were prior stenting, acute ischemia, or major concomitant procedures. Immediate and two-year outcomes were observed. Patient demographics, perioperative details, physician billings, and hospital costs were recorded. Multivariable regression was used to adjust costs by patient and perioperative cost drivers. Results Fifty-one procedures (49%) were performed in the OR and 54 (51%) in the CL. Mean age was 57, and 44% were female. Severe cases were more often performed in the OR (RC ≥ 4; 42% vs. 11%, P Conclusions The OR was associated with increased length of stay, more ICU admissions, and increased total costs. However, OR patients had more severe disease and therefore often required more aggressive intervention. After controlling for these differences, procedure venue per se was not associated with increased costs, but OR cases incurred increased professional fees due to dual-provider charges. Given the similar clinical results between venues, it seems reasonable to perform most stenting in the CL or utilize conscious sedation in the OR.
Using Randomization to Identify Social Influence in Mobile Networks

Identification of social influence in observational data is a difficult task. Endogeneity issues such as homophily, correlated unobservables and simultaneity raise challenges to the researchers interested in establishing causality and in consistently measuring its magnitude. In this paper we apply randomization techniques to identify social influence in a mobile network setting. Randomization methods consist in generating pseudo-samples of the original data by selectively permuting the values of some variables among observations, and estimating empirical distributions of a parameter of interest under the null hypothesis that such permutations are random. We show that randomization methods are a viable strategy to identify social influence in contexts where all adoption is observed and the date of adoption is available. Furthermore, we show that these methods provide a lower bound for the magnitude of the effect of peer influence. We use a comprehensive panel of data from a large European mobile carrier in one country. The data comprise Call Detailed Records for all the subscribers in this carrier for a period of 11 months. We also have information on pricing plans, adoption of products, promotions and handsets. We estimate the effect of peer influence in six of these promotions. We provide evidence for negative peer influence in their adoption. Peer influence reduces adoption for these promotions between 3% and 9%. Peer influence helps to share information about new promotions but also signals who has already adopted them and, in many cases, such as free calls, having neighbors who adopted the promotion is enough to benefit from it.
The 2016 VGTC Virtual Reality: Best Dissertation Award

The 2016 IEEE VGTC Virtual Reality Best Dissertation Award goes to Ravish Mehra, a 2014 graduate from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for his dissertation entitled: “Efficient Techniques for Wave-Based Sound Propagation in Interactive Applications”.
Sensitivity Function Methods in Control System Education

Abstract Parametric dependence of system responses is an important issue in control system analysis and design. Time domain sensitivity functions provide an efficient, simple and insightful method for evaluating parameters effects. Sensitivity function methods are reviewed, and a testbed arc welding installation is used to demonstrate the practicality of the techniques. Inclusion of sensitivity methods in control education, beginning with the first course, is advocated.
Sedatives, Tranquilizers, and Stimulants

Drugs of relevance to equine practice that modify the central nervous system (CNS) can be broadly classified as depressants or stimulants. The pharmacologic mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of selected CNS depressant and stimulant drugs in horses are reviewed. Knowledge of the way these CNS-modifying drugs may affect performance is limited.
Toxicant Formation in Dabbing: The Terpene Story

Inhalable, noncombustible cannabis products are playing a central role in the expansion of the medical and recreational use of cannabis. In particular, the practice of “dabbing” with butane hash oil has emerged with great popularity in states that have legalized cannabis. Despite their growing popularity, the degradation product profiles of these new products have not been extensively investigated. The study herein focuses on the chemistry of myrcene and other common terpenes found in cannabis extracts. Methacrolein, benzene, and several other products of concern to human health were formed under the conditions that simulated real-world dabbing. The terpene degradation products observed are consistent with those reported in the atmospheric chemistry literature.
Longevity and Women’s Health

As the organizers of this conference have correctly recognized, we are indeed in the midst of a “worldwide revolution in longevity” as a result of demographic and health trends in every region. Many aspects and implications of this revolution have not yet received the attention they deserve from policy makers, including issues related to the health and human rights of older women.
Previously unreported complications associated with integrated cage screws following anterior lumbar interbody fusion: report of 2 cases

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a widely performed surgical treatment for various lumbar spine pathologies. The authors present the first reports of virtually identical cases of complications with integrated screws in stand-alone interbody cages. Two patients presented with the onset of S-1 radiculopathy due to screw misplacements following an ALIF procedure. In both cases, an integrated screw from the cage penetrated the dorsal aspect of the S-1 cortical margin of the vertebra, extended into the neural foramen, and injured the traversing left S-1 nerve roots. Advanced neuroimaging findings indicated nerve root impingement by the protruding screw tip. After substantial delays, radiculopathic symptoms were treated with removal of the offending instrumentation, aggressive posterior decompression of the bony and ligamentous structures, and posterolateral fusion surgery with pedicle screw fixation. Postoperative radiographic findings demonstrated decompression of the symptomatic nerve roots via rem...
Clinical trial methodology in rare gynecologic tumor research: Strategies for success.

Abstract Background Performing clinical trials in rare gynecologic cancers presents specific challenges. Strategies for improving accrual and modifications in clinical trial design are outlined. Methods The literature was reviewed in order to present statistical designs pertinent to the study of rare gynecologic cancers. The experience of the Gynecologic Oncology Group/NRG Oncology is outlined as it relates to rare gynecologic cancer clinical trial development. Results Significant progress has been made in studying rare tumors, both nationally and in gynecologic oncology, but challenges inherent to the study of uncommon diseases remain. Important components of these trials include establishing the standard of care, utilizing the appropriate clinical trial design to effectively answer the question in the trial, accurately estimating sample size, choosing modified and realistic endpoints, and avoiding pitfalls specific to rare tumors. Adaptive trial design and statistical modifications are important components of clinical trial design in rare tumors. Conclusion Strategies for effective study of rare gynecologic cancers must be implemented when designing clinical trials for these patients.
Do high achieving students benefit from honors college participation? A look at student engagement for first-year students and seniors

This study investigates findings from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE), comparing various aspects of student engagement between honors college and general education students. Respon...
Platelets, Endothelium, and Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis

A factor derived from platelets stimulates the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in culture, and is likely important in stimulating smooth muscle proliferative lesions of atherogenesis in vivo The platelet factor is produced during platelet aggregation when serum is made from whole blood. In vitro,smooth muscle cells are potent aggregating agents for platelets, while endothelial cells can inhibit this aggregating effect. Better understanding of the interactions of platelets, smooth muscle cells, and endothelium would facilitate developing effective means of intervening in or preventing the smooth muscle proliferative lesions of atherosclerosis.
Effect of chronic hyperglycemia on glucose metabolism in subjects with normal glucose tolerance

Chronic hyperglycemia causes insulin resistance, but the inheritability of glucotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We examined the effect of 3 days of hyperglycemia on glucose disposal, enzyme activities, insulin signaling, and protein O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle of individuals without (FH-) or with (FH+) family history of type 2 diabetes. Twenty-five subjects with normal glucose tolerance received a [3-3H]glucose euglycemic insulin clamp, indirect calorimetry, and vastus-lateralis biopsies before and after 3 days of saline (n = 5) or glucose (n = 10 FH- and 10 FH+) infusion to raise plasma glucose by ∼45 mg/dL. At baseline, FH+ had lower insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation and total glucose disposal (TGD) but similar nonoxidative glucose disposal and basal endogenous glucose production (bEGP) compared with FH- After 3 days of glucose infusion, bEGP and glucose oxidation were markedly increased, whereas nonoxidative glucose disposal and TGD were lower versus baseline, with no differences between FH- and FH+ subjects. Hyperglycemia doubled skeletal muscle glycogen content and impaired activation of glycogen synthase (GS), pyruvate dehydrogenase, and Akt, but protein O-GlcNAcylation was unchanged. Insulin resistance develops to a similar extent in FH- and FH+ subjects after chronic hyperglycemia, without increased protein O-GlcNAcylation. Decreased nonoxidative glucose disposal due to impaired GS activation appears to be the primary deficit in skeletal muscle glucotoxicity.
The vinylarene Diels-Alder reaction, development and potential

Abstract The report covers the vinylarene Diels-Alder reaction including the use of styrene as the diene component reacted with activated alkynes or alkenes as dienophiles. The development of the process includes thermal conditions together with recent base, Lewis acid, and microwave irradiation promotion conditions. Mechanistic insights from deuterated substrates and DFT calculations indicate a concerted asynchronous [4 + 2] cycloaddition followed by a step-wise 1,3-hydrogen transfer step to restore aromaticity. Total synthesis and materials applications are also included.
Mutational Analysis of an Intrinsically Disordered Region in the E. coli Phosphatase CheZ, a Regulator of Chemotaxis

Abstract As a model for Intrinsically Disordered Region (IDR) structure-function, we investigated the IDR present in the E. coli chemotaxis regulatory phosphatase CheZ. The CheZ IDR (amino acids 169-200) is attractive for study because CheZ is part of an exceptionally well characterized and easily tractable system and has an available high-resolution crystal structure. The CheZ IDR contains striking evolutionarily conserved regions that are functionally critical as shown by the fact that changes in single specific amino acids in the conserved IDR regions are able to abolish normal chemotaxis. We have focused on identifying suppressor mutations in the coding region of CheZ G188E, a variant with a >80% reduction in chemotactic swarm activity. Our screen identified 6 suppressor mutations that restored swarm activity to wild-type levels. Interestingly, the suppressor mutations were found not in the CheZ coding region, but in CheY, the phosphoprotein substrate of the CheZ phosphatase. The 6 suppressor mutations were restricted to two amino acid codons. Three suppressor mutations were found at position CheY A42 and three at position CheY M60. A model for how the changes in CheY restore CheZ activity is presented. These studies in dissection of the CheZ IDR will be useful in extending our understanding of IDR structure-function. The accumulating knowledge of IDR principles will be a significant component of a broadening understanding of protein biophysics with direct implications in basic protein structure and protein engineering research.
Cdc42 Effector Protein 3 Interacts With Cdc42 in Regulating Xenopus Somite Segmentation.

Somitogenesis is a critical process during vertebrate development that establishes the segmented body plan and gives rise to the vertebra, skeletal muscles, and dermis. While segmentation clock and wave front mechanisms have been elucidated to control the size and time of somite formation, regulation of the segmentation process that physically separates somites is not understood in detail. Here, we identified a cytoskeletal player, Cdc42 effector protein 3 (Cdc42ep3, CEP3) that is required for somite segmentation in Xenopus embryos. CEP3 is specifically expressed in somite tissue during somite segmentation. Loss-of-function experiments showed that CEP3 is not required for the specification of paraxial mesoderm, nor the differentiation of muscle cells, but is required for the segmentation process. Live imaging analysis further revealed that CEP3 is required for cell shape changes and alignment during somitogenesis. When CEP3 was knocked down, somitic cells did not elongate efficiently along the mediolateral axis and failed to undertake the 90-degree rotation. As as result, cells remained in a continuous sheet without an apparent segmentation cleft. CEP3 likely interacts with Cdc42 during this process, and both increased and decreased Cdc42 activity led to defective somite segmentation. Segmentation defects caused by Cdc42 knockdown can be partially rescued by the overexpression of CEP3. Conversely, loss of CEP3 resulted in the maintenance of high levels of Cdc42 activity at the cell membrane, which is normally reduced during and after somite segmentation. These results suggest that there is feedback regulation between Cdc42 and CEP3 during somite segmentation and the activity of Cdc42 needs to be fine-tuned to control the coordinated cell shape changes and movement required for somite segmentation.
Optimal Stochastic Algorithms for Convex-Concave Saddle-Point Problems

We develop stochastic first-order primal-dual algorithms to solve a class of convex-concave saddle-point problems. When the saddle function is strongly convex in the primal variable, we develop the first stochastic restart scheme for this problem. When the gradient noises obey sub-Gaussian distributions, the oracle complexity of our restart scheme is strictly better than any of the existing methods, even in the deterministic case. Furthermore, for each problem parameter of interest, whenever the lower bound exists, the oracle complexity of our restart scheme is either optimal or nearly optimal (up to a log factor). The subroutine used in this scheme is itself a new stochastic algorithm developed for the problem where the saddle function is non-strongly convex in the primal variable. This new algorithm, which is based on the primal-dual hybrid gradient framework, achieves the state-of-the-art oracle complexity and may be of independent interest.
Functional Assessment of the Academic Environment 30+ Years Later

The current paper examines the progress that has been made in the area of academic assessment and intervention since Lentz and Shapiro’s (1986) seminal work over 30 years ago that opened the door to school psychologists helping teachers with developing and evaluating academic interventions through consultation. Lentz and Shapiro’s model has stood the test of time and spawned considerable research that has resulted in useful assessment and intervention technologies that school psychologists can incorporate in their practice today. The model and recent technological innovations and how to use them in school-based consultation are discussed and illustrated through a case example. Recommendations are made for both practice and future research in refining analysis and academic intervention within a consultation framework.