cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgeon-Performed Touch Preparation of Breast Core Needle Biopsies May Provide Accurate Same-Day Diagnosis and Expedite Treatment Planning

We aimed to determine the accuracy of surgeon-performed touch-preparation cytology (TPC) of breast core-needle biopsies (CNB) and the ability to use TPC results to initiate treatment planning at the same patient visit. A single-institution retrospective review of TPC results of ultrasound-guided breast CNB was performed. All TPC slides were prepared by surgeons performing the biopsy and interpreted by the pathologist. TPC results were reported as positive/suspicious, atypical, negative/benign, or deferred; these were compared with final pathology of cores to calculate accuracy. Treatment planning was noted as having taken place if the patient had requisition of advanced imaging, referrals, or surgical planning undertaken during the same visit. Four hundred forty-seven CNB specimens with corresponding TPC were evaluated from 434 patient visits, and 203 samples (45.4 %) were malignant on final pathology. When the deferred, atypical, and benign results were considered negative and positive/suspicious results were considered positive, sensitivity and specificity were 83.7 % (77.9–88.5 %) and 98.4 % (95.9–99.6 %), respectively; positive and negative predictive values were 97.7 % (94.2–99.4 %) and 87.9 % (83.4–91.5 %), respectively. In practice, patients with atypical or deferred results were asked to await final pathology. An accurate same-day diagnosis (TPC positive/suspicious) was hence feasible in 83.7 % (170 of 203) of malignant and 79.5 % (194 of 244) of benign cases (TPC negative). Of patients who had a same-day diagnosis of a new malignancy, 77.3 % had treatment planning initiated at the same visit. Surgeon-performed TPC of breast CNB is an accurate method of same-day diagnosis that allows treatment planning to be initiated at the same visit and may serve to expedite patient care.
High‐resolution NMR spectra and phase equilibria in poly(phenylacetylene)‐diluent mixtures

The C-13 NMR spectra of partly crystalline poly(phenylacetylene) (PPA) in CDCl3 CCl4 are rather well resolved and the peaks can be matched with those of 1, 3,5-triphenylbenzene. A different, less-well-resolved C-13 spectrum is characteristic of a disordered PPA obtained by heating. We conclude that crystalline PPA has the chain conformation of a cis-cis-oid helix. This interpretation is consistent with the proton NMR spectra and is supported by the fluorescence spectra, which can display two bands, one concluded to be characteristic of the cis-cis-oid conformation, the other of chain conjugation in the disordered polymer. Phase equilibria of PPA in the presence of chloroform were determined and are represented as those of the quasiternary mixture cis-cis-oid helix, disordered polymer, and chloroform.
Remembering Harold Guetzkow

This article provides an overview of the tributes to follow. Written from the perspective of each authorâs experience with Harold Guetzkow, this set includes junior colleagues, graduate students, and third-generation scholars who were influenced by Harold. Through these lenses, Harold is seen as a multifaceted social scientist. His synthetic, holistic vision of scholarship is complemented by important influence on the careers of many colleagues and students. That vision is reflected also in his innovative contributions to the science and art of simulating. For Harold, the Inter-Nation Simulation was viewed as a device for integrating diverse island of theories in international relations and social psychology. The contributions are lasting. The person is missed.
Age Differences in Death Anxiety among African-American Women

Samples of 83 younger and 52 older African-American women completed a death anxiety scale; the younger women had significantly higher scores on the total scale, principally on items dealing with pain, loss of bodily integrity, and decomposition.
Controls on Nutrients Across a Prairie Stream Watershed: Land Use and Riparian Cover Effects

Nutrient inputs generally are increased by human-induced land use changes and can lead to eutrophication and impairment of surface waters. Understanding the scale at which land use influences nutrient loading is necessary for the development of management practices and policies that improve water quality. The authors assessed the relationships between land use and stream nutrients in a prairie watershed dominated by intermittent stream flow in the first-order higher elevation reaches. Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphorus concentrations were greater in tributaries occupying the lower portions of the watershed, closely mirroring the increased density of row crop agriculture from headwaters to lower-elevation alluvial areas. Land cover classified at three spatial scales in each sub-basin above sampling sites (riparian in the entire catchment, catchment land cover, and riparian across the 2 km upstream) was highly correlated with variation in both total nitrogen (r2 = 53%, 52%, and 49%, respectively) and nitrate (r2 = 69%, 65%, and 56%, respectively) concentrations among sites. However, phosphorus concentrations were not significantly associated with riparian or catchment land cover classes at any spatial scale. Separating land use from riparian cover in the entire watershed was difficult, but riparian cover was most closely correlated with in-stream nutrient concentrations. By controlling for land cover, a significant correlation of riparian cover for the 2 km above the sampling site with in-stream nutrient concentrations could be established. Surprisingly, land use in the entire watershed, including small intermittent streams, had a large influence on average downstream water quality although the headwater streams were not flowing for a substantial portion of the year. This suggests that nutrient criteria may not be met only by managing permanently flowing streams.
Pseudotumor Cerebri and Hypothyroidism

• A 38-year-old obese woman with concurrent hypothyroidism and pseudotumor cerebri was monitored with serial thyroid function tests and CSF pressure determinations during levothyroxine sodium replacement therapy. Following normalization of the patient's thyroid status, assessed by both clinical and chemical indexes (serum thyroxine level, 1.5 to 11.0 μg/dL; serum thyrotropin level, 128 to 1.5 μU/mL), intracranial hypertension persisted for more than four months. After weight loss, acetazolamide therapy, and intermittent CSF drainage failed to produce remission, glucocorticoid therapy was associated with prompt, sustained resolution of the pseudotumor cerebri. Contrary to previous reports, this patient's clinical course suggests that thyroid hormone deficiency and pseudotumor cerebri are not causally related. (Arch Intern Med1983;143:167-168)
Feasibility and Acceptability of a 1-Page Tool to Help Physicians Assess and Discuss Obesity With Parents of Preschoolers

Objective. To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a brief tool to help pediatricians communicate with parents of preschoolers about obesity risk, prevention, and treatment. Methods. The 2-sided Assessment and Targeted Messages (ATM) tool developed by the investigators included sections to assess nutrition and physical activity, self-efficacy and readiness-to-change, obesity-related family history, and treatment/prevention recommendations. Twenty-five pediatricians were recruited to use the ATM and then surveyed regarding their opinions of its feasibility and acceptability. Results. Response rate was 60%. Most ATM features were considered somewhat or very useful by the majority of respondents. The majority of physicians (62%) indicated that they were somewhat likely to use the ATM in the future, with only 23% indicating that they were very likely to use it. The greatest barrier to its use was time. Conclusion. Pediatricians considered the ATM tool moderately feasible and acceptable. Time-efficient ...
Diurnal Variability of Precipitation in the Northeastern United States

Abstract The diurnal and semidiurnal variations of precipitation over the northeastern United States (New England, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania) are investigated using 25 years of hourly precipitation data for 271 stations. The hourly data were harmonically analyzed for all measurable precipitation events ranging upwards to amounts < 10.0 mm. Additionally, a regional probability of precipitation analysis was performed for homogeneously grouped stations. The winter season (November–March) displays a general early-to-midmorning diurnal maximum for all measurable precipitation events across the Northeast with a shift to just before noon southward into Pennsylvania. For heavier precipitation events, much of the region retains the morning maximum, a notable exception being the northern mountains of New York and New England, where there is a late-evening maximum. The spring (April–May) season is quite similar to winter, although the diurnal amplitudes become weaker everywhere except from southeastern P...
A Contextual Approach to Political Philosophy

My aims in this paper are to describe and motivate the adoption of what I call a contextual approach to political philosophy. I will first provide a brief characterization of contextualism. I will then contrast contextualism against more common approaches to political philosophy, which I call idealist or schematic, and indicate the problems I see with those approaches and the relative advantages of contextualism. By doing this, I hope to demonstrate the need for further work exploring the possibilities of contextualism.
‘Glocalizing’ Urban Sustainability: The Case of Nairobi, Kenya

The city of Nairobi, Kenya, has today reached a critical juncture in its history. Despite sitting atop the Kenyan urban hierarchy as a primate city, Nairobi is far smaller than other notable cities of the developing world. Thus, although issues of housing and infrastructure provision, economic opportunity, and environmental health are paramount in all cities, Nairobi is afforded a profound opportunity to implement a sensible approach to sustainable urban planning. For Nairobi to be successful, however, a new approach to the city’s typically heavy-handed top-down modus operandi is needed. Increased government transparency and accountability are required, as is the fostering of a network of political, business, and community leaders who work together to plan for the city’s future. Efforts at empowering the underprivileged and improving economic opportunity offer viable means for accomplishment in Nairobi. These efforts include combining community knowledge with advanced technology through public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), as well as uniting business, political, community, and religious leaders through a regime theory of urban growth. This study therefore assesses the problems and prospects facing the city of Nairobi. Positing the need for a model of sustainable urban planning that incorporates technology transfer, public participation, and regime collaboration, the study advocates for strategic planning initiatives that can positively affect the future of Nairobi.
Time-Resolved Studies of Ethylene and Propylene Reactions in Zeolite H-MFI by In-Situ Fast IR Heating and UV Raman Spectroscopy

The conversion of ethylene and propylene absorbed in zeolite H-MFI was studied using UV-Raman spectroscopy. To observe early stage reaction intermediates, an infrared laser was used as a fast heating source. Alkyl substituted naphthalenes and fluorenes, which have been previously suggested as hydrocarbon pool species, were observed regardless of the olefin reagent. Conjugated dienes were formed from propylene but not observed for ethylene at short reaction times. Conventional heating in a furnace was used to force the reaction to completion. For propylene sheet-like polyaromatic hydrocarbons were formed immediately. For ethylene cyclic dienes, conjugated olefins, and ultimately sheet-like polyaromatic hydrocarbons were formed at progressively higher reaction temperatures. The results show that the polyaromatic species implicated as deactivating coke in zeolite catalysts can be formed by conversion of polyenes.
Rate of Disappearance of Subcutaneous Vegetable Oil in Normal and Castrate Mice.

Summary1. Vegetable oil administered parenterally to mice is not physiologically inert but disappears rather rapidly from the site of injection. 2. The rate of disappearance of oil appears to vary to some extent in different breeds of mice. 3. The rate of disappearance of oil in both of two different strains of mice appears to be higher in normal young adult males than in normal females of the same age. 4. In a small series of mice, castration before puberty abolished this sex differential.
The Effect of CS2on the Germination of Seeds

1. It would seem that in practice no aeration of storage places is necessary after fumigation with CS2 whatever dose may be used, unless they arc airtight. Bins and similar storage places for seeds almost never are airtight and before any of the longer periods reached by these experiments had elapsed the CS2 would have diffused out of the bin. 2. It required very large doses of bisulphide for a considerable period of time to have any marked effect on the germination of the seeds used in this experiment. The injury slowly becomes greater as the time increases and as the dose increases, but is not directly proportional to either. 3. Seeds vary tremendously in their resistance to CS2 injury. 4. Different varieties of the same species are very differently affected, perhaps due to the pigment in the seedcoat. (Note garden beans and cowpeas.) 5. The first injurious effect of CS2 on seeds is a retardation of germination. 6. It seems that liquid CS2 poured on most seeds in fumigation will not injure them sufficiently to be of practical importance.
Communication, Sportsmanship, and Negotiating Ethical Conduct on the Digital Playing Field:

This study examines sportsmanship and ethics on the digital playing field of Strava—a mobile fitness application (app) that records bicycle rides and uploads the data to an online network of other ...
Change trend of social adaptability in urban residents before and after retirement

Objective To investigate social adjustment in retired people and to provide elemental information to government for related policy making. Methods Multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling and a face-to-face questionnaire survey were conducted. Totally 1 567 respondents were investigated. Results Before retirement,the score of partici pating in activities was 15. 72 ± 3. 31 and 16. 13 ± 2. 82 for the male and the female residents,respectively,but the scores were 14. 61 ± 2. 73 and 15. 02 ± 4. 22 after retirement. In male residents,the trust score before and after retirement were 8. 60 ± 1. 53 and 8. 73 ± 1. 65,respectively,and in the female residents,the scores were 8. 53 ± 1. 52 and 8. 73 ± 1. 59,respectively. Concerns about going out in the male residents before retirement were safety( 41. 2%),health( 29. 4%),and others( 29. 4%),while after the retirement the concerns were health( 61. 8%),safety( 26. 5%),and others( 11. 8%). In female residents,the concerns about going out were safety( 42. 9%),health( 28. 6%),and others( 28. 6%) before the retirement,and health( 52. 3%),others( 27. 3%),and safety factors( 20. 5%) after the retirement. Conclusion Retirement has a great impact on the ability of social adaptation among the elderly; after retirement,the elderly have a considerable decline in all aspects of social adaptive ability.
Use of (15)~N natural abundance in nitrogen cycling of terrestrial ecosystems

Stable isotope technique has been widely used in ecology research with the increasing concern on global change.Our objectives are to better understand the impacts of nitrogen addition and other environment changes on the nitrogen cycling of terrestrial ecosystem,predict the consequent changes in environmental conditions,and provide a reference for policy making to help ensure the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems.Based on the relationship between nitrogen (N) isotope composition (δ15N) in ecosystem N status and soil N cycle,we summa-rized the effects and mechanisms of N input and other environment changes on δ15N of plant and soil.Most stud-ies show significant positive relationships between N input and δ15N values of plant and soil.Higher N input in-creases soil N availability,which leads to 15N enrichment in soil because of mass discrimination during soil N cycling processes.Foliar δ15N also will be higher as plants take up the relatively 15N-enriched soil available N.15N natural abundance can be a useful tool for assessing nitrogen saturation and N cycling.
Therapy of Symptomatic Pyelonephritis in Women

A prospective randomized controlled study was performed on 44 women with community-acquired, uncomplicated pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization. The study was designed to determine if an extended course of therapy (21 days) would be more effective than the conventional 10-day course of therapy. All patients initially received either gentamicin or tobramycin parenterally for 48 to 72 hours, and then were prescribed an oral agent that possessed in vitro inhibitory activity for the urinary pathogen to complete the course of therapy. Duration of medication was assigned according to a table of random digits. Of the 22 women receiving the 10-day treatment 17 were cured, 4 experienced a reinfection and none had a relapse, compared to 12, 5 and 3, respectively, of 22 receiving the 21-day treatment. Analysis of the therapeutic failures did not demonstrate any superior response for either treatment program (p less than 0.75 and greater than 0.50). No statistically increased incidence of adverse drug reactions occurred in patients receiving the extended course of therapy. Our data do not support an extended course of therapy in women with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis uncomplicated by structural abnormalities.
Impedance of an intense plasma-cathode electron source for tokamak startup

An impedance model is formulated and tested for the ∼1 kV, 1 kA/cm2, arc-plasma cathode electron source used for local helicity injection tokamak startup. A double layer sheath is established between the high-density arc plasma ( narc≈1021 m−3) within the electron source, and the less dense external tokamak edge plasma ( nedge≈1018 m−3) into which current is injected at the applied injector voltage, Vinj. Experiments on the Pegasus spherical tokamak show that the injected current, Iinj, increases with Vinj according to the standard double layer scaling Iinj∼Vinj3/2 at low current and transitions to Iinj∼Vinj1/2 at high currents. In this high current regime, sheath expansion and/or space charge neutralization impose limits on the beam density nb∼Iinj/Vinj1/2. For low tokamak edge density nedge and high Iinj, the inferred beam density nb is consistent with the requirement nb≤nedge imposed by space-charge neutralization of the beam in the tokamak edge plasma. At sufficient edge density, nb∼narc is observed, ...
Concepts and Tools for Designers

Human-centered design (HCD) should not only take into account end users but all the stakeholders dealing with the product being designed, including designers themselves. This is one of the reasons why I prefer to talk about human-centered design instead of user-centered design. This chapter is devoted to a few concepts, models, and tools for teams involved in human-systems integration.
Presidential Policy Initiation and the Politics of Agenda Control

This study examines whether and why presidents have greater success on legislation initiated bv their administrations compared with that proposed by others in government. I argue that presidents are more successful on legislation initiated by their administrations because agenda setting and policy initiation are sources of influence in the legislative process and because the administration can accommodate legislative preferences when it initiates legislation. I found, first, that presidents between 1953 and 1974 were more successful on legislation initiated by their administrations than they were on legislation initiated by others in government. Second, there are major differences between majority and minority presidents owing to partisan control of congressional decision-making institutions. The filtering effects of the congressional committee system favor majority presidents while distorting the success of minority presidents, especially in the House.
Automated narrative information extraction using non-linear pipelines

Our research focuses on the problem of automatically acquiring structured narrative information from natural language. We have focused on character extraction and narrative role identification from a corpus of Slavic folktales. To address natural language processing (NLP) issues in this particular domain we have explored alternatives to linear pipelined architectures for information extraction, specifically the idea of feedback loops that allow feeding information produced by later modules of the pipeline back to earlier modules. We propose the use of domain knowledge to improve core NLP tasks and the overall performance of our system.
Successful Management of Arterial Pseudoaneurysm Caused by Stent Fracture

Pseudoaneurysm is a relatively common complication of arterial injury. Arterial pseudoaneurysms have many different etiologies, including trauma, iatrogenic injury, vascular repair, infection, and vasculitides. In this case report, we present a pseudoaneurysm created by a fracture of superficial femoral artery (SFA) stent secondary to a mechanical fall. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a symptomatic pseudoaneurysm caused by a SFA stent fracture. The large, unruptured pseudoaneurysm in this case was successfully treated with a covered stent and pseudoaneurysm exclusion.
Evaluation and management of nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss.

Purpose of review Nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss represents the largest proportion of paediatric sensorineural hearing loss. The optimal evaluation and management of affected patients remains clinically challenging. Current controversies in the diagnostic work-up of nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss are presented in this review. Recent findings The improved diagnostic yield of comprehensive genetic testing due to new sequencing technologies is changing the diagnostic for congenital hearing loss. Concerns for both ionizing radiation and general anaesthetic exposure are also driving shifts in imaging modality preferences for infants and toddlers. Summary A thoughtful systematic, targeted approach taking into consideration the audiologic phenotype of the patient is recommended for the work-up of nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss.
Response by Mistry et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Mechanical Thrombectomy Outcomes With and Without Intravenous Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis".

We read the letter by Tsivgoulis et al regarding our study1 with great interest. Similar to ours, their work is an important contribution to the stroke literature. We determined the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the studies a priori to best reflect current guideline-based practice of endovascular therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, we only included patients with anterior circulation stroke from studies that mainly treated patients using modern neurothrombectomy devices, excluding studies in which …
Towards a Soft Robotic 3rd Arm for Activities of Daily Living

Limb sensorimotor function plays an important role in activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life. Spinal cord dysfunctions, such as cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), often affect limb function and limit independence. In this paper, we apply technologies from the emerging field of soft robotics to develop Soft Robotic 3rd Arms (SR3As) that branch out of the body — thus providing an artificial limb that enables effective execution of ADLs for CSM patients and the like.Soft robotics is a fairly recent addition to the field of robotics. Differing from traditional, “hard”, robotics, soft robotics are made of flexible materials such as silicone rather than stiff materials such as metals. One such soft robotic actuator is the fiber-reinforced actuator (FRA). Fabricated utilizing a combination of silicone bladder(s) and inextensible materials, these actuators are able to perform one of various motions through changes of pressure [1].Supernumerary limbs (3rd arms), in contrast, are extra robotic limbs that can function cooperatively or independently of the user’s own limbs. These differ from exoskeletal robotics, as they are not fixated to the user’s limb to augment strength, but rather are placed elsewhere on the body to assist in tasks that would otherwise require multiple people. Examples of such devices include MIT/Boeing’s supernumerary arms to assist in the assembly of aircraft fuselage [2] or the supernumerary hand Softhand [3].Combining these two concepts, an articulate SR3A was created (Fig. 1). By replacing traditional actuators with soft actuators, the limb is not only lighter, but it also better replicates the equivalent human limb. In addition to these benefits, the SR3A would also need to be less expensive to fabricate and actuate than an arm using rigid body components. This paper presents the design of a proof-of-concept prototype of a SR3A utilizing soft robotic actuators that could be used to assist individuals with hand impairments perform ADLs.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
The Significance of Illness: Examining Social Capital and Trust in Patient and Public Networks

The aim of this article is to examine the role of social capital and trust in patient and public networks and the ways in which it is built using two cases of patient and public networks in England, in mental health and stroke. The evidence indicates that trust is not simply built through and because social capital exists as extant work suggests. Rather, the ability and extent of trust building is contingent on a range of factors including symbolic and cultural capital. This study is based on 54 interviews with a range of service users, carers, managers and health professionals. In terms of practice and policy, it is important that a proactive approach is provided both within and outside health organisations, to create spaces where service users are empowered and enabled to build trust and relationships, whereby strengthening the voice of the patient and public in practice and policy and improving well-being.
Energy allocation and feeding ecology of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during transition from freshwater to saltwater

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations near their northern range extent in the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region of Alaska have undergone major changes in population trajectory and illuminated the lack of basic information on juvenile ecology. This study fills information gaps on the early life history of chum salmon at northern latitudes. Energy allocation was examined in the context of distribution, feeding intensity, and diet during a critical life history period for a single cohort of juvenile chum salmon (O. keta) as they transition from freshwater to saltwater in Kuskokwim Bay from mid-May to early June. Juvenile chum salmon were primarily captured in the river mouth and plume. Energy density (kJ g−1 dry mass) was related to fork length, timing (day-of-year), and capture location in a general additive model. The smallest fish had slightly higher energy densities, but the change in energy density with fish size was minimal and consistent with allocating energy toward somatic growth rather than lipid storage. Fish captured earlier had higher energy density, likely reflecting the presence of residual yolk lipids during early migration. Fish captured in the river mouth and plume had higher energy densities. Feeding intensity was highest among small fish captured later within the river plume. Diet was dominated by surface prey (insects and calanoid copepods) rather than epibenthic harpacticoid copepods as commonly observed. These results provide the first data on energy allocation of juvenile chum salmon during a critical life history phase and suggest that somatic growth is prioritized over storing lipid at saltwater entry.
Abstract A18: Generation of new conditional Kras-alleles by CRISPR-based genome editing

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers, and specific cancer types show a clear bias in the types and frequency of Kras alterations. However, we do not have a clear understanding of how distinct Kras mutations dictate tumor biology and response to therapy. The generation of conditional animal models, such as Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL) KrasG12D and LSL-KrasG12Vgeo mice, has provided important tools to dissect the impact of Kras mutation in tumor development, but these models alone do not recapitulate the spectrum of Kras alterations in human cancer. To better reflect the Kras mutational landscape in human cancers, we have developed a series of critical LSL-Kras mouse models that recapitulate common Kras alterations observed in colorectal (G13D), pancreatic (G12R), and lung cancer (G12C), allowing the direct interrogation of the effects of these Kras mutations on disease phenotype and treatment response. To do this, we targeted embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying the LSL-KrasG12D allele, by co-transfection of a modified high-fidelity Cas9 (Cas9-HFz), a LSL-Kras-targeted sgRNA, and an HDR template carrying the new mutation. While Cas9-HFz displayed a slight decrease in homology-directed repair (HDR) efficiency in comparison with wild-type Cas9, it enabled high specificity editing of only the LSL allele. Targeted deep sequencing revealed a significant reduction in “off-target” events in wild-type Kras locus in Cas9-HFz transfected samples compared to unmodified Cas9. We next generated transgenic mice by blastocyst injection and produced mice carrying each LSL-Kras variant, a pancreas-specific Cre (p48-Cre), and a far-red fluorescent Cre-reporter (mKate2). We are now analyzing the impact of specific Kras alterations in tumor initiation in distinct tissues such as the pancreas, colon, and lung. Together with available LSL-KrasG12D and LSL-KrasG12V already available, our new alleles will serve as critical tools for better dissecting the genetic factors that dictate disease initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Citation Format: Maria Paz Zafra, Emma M. Schatoff, Teng Han, Lukas E. Dow. Generation of new conditional Kras-alleles by CRISPR-based genome editing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.
Resources for Global Ethics Education

As we continue to grow as global community we need resources that focus specifically on global ethics issues, and available—or lack of available—resources makes it clear that the time has come for ethics to embrace a global perspective. This chapter provides a survey of resources currently available to facilitate educational experiences in global ethics. Practitioners as well as educators will find resources including specific print and digital media as well as databases, repositories, film collections, centers and teaching tools. The chapter concludes with current evidence-based pedagogical practices in ethics education that can be adapted to global ethics education.
A Modular Approach for Interlocking Enzymes in Whatman Paper.

A potentially universal approach is presented for enzyme attachment to cellulose that significantly enhances enzyme stability while retaining high activity, and involves no chemical functionalization of cellulose. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was interlocked in cellulose to form a protein-friendly surface (named BSA-Paper), while also providing COOH and NH2 groups for subsequent attachment of enzymes. The desired enzyme is then mixed with additional BSA and interlocked on BSA-Paper. The second BSA layer dilutes and crosslinks the enzyme for improved stability. Laccase was tested as a model enzyme for interlocking on BSA-Paper, and was found to retain over 100 % activity and was 240 times more stable at 25 °C (half life=180 d) than laccase. This new approach was also tested with a few other enzymes with encouraging results, thus providing a potentially universal method for stabilization of enzymes on cellulose with retention of high activities.
Depression and Wartime

With the founding of the avant-garde journal transition by Eugene Jolas, Jung came to the attention of Parisian intellectuals. His articles about James Joyce and Picasso raised hackles since they seemed to adhere to a retrograde neo-Romantic sensibility out of touch with social reality. Through the Jolases, Joyce sought treatment for his daughter’s schizophrenia from Jung whom Picasso actually preferred to Freud. The Euro-American artist John Graham promoted Picasso and a Jungian perspective to a group that included Jackson Pollock who went into Jungian therapy. Martha Graham also did and became acquainted with the mythologist Joseph Campbell whose ideas influenced her work. The Jungian movement began to institutionalize with the founding of licensing groups and the appearance of his Collected Works from the Bollingen Foundation.
Multimodality Management of Localized and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas continues to be a daunting clinical challenge, with approximately 42,000 deaths per year in the United States (Jemal et al. 2009). It is a disease characterized by its late presentation, rapid demise thereafter, and relatively ineffective systemic therapies. Despite this grim prognosis, appreciable progress has been made in the identification of patients with localized disease who may be candidates for potentially curative resections and in the understanding of the technical nuances and efficacy of aggressive surgical procedures. Following initial reports in the 1930s of successful resections for periampullary tumors, the technique known as the Whipple procedure, or pancreaticoduodenectomy, underwent several technical modifications and revisions (Brunschwig 1937; Halsted 1899; Whipple et al. 1935). With time also has come a better understanding of the considerable physiologic impact and sequelae of the procedure and its potential, albeit limited, for cure. The high in-hospital mortality rate during the first several decades after the development of the operation led some to propose that it be abandoned, with risks not sufficiently justified by the low overall survival rates (Crile 1970; Shapiro 1975). By the late 1980s and early 1990s, series from experienced centers indicated that an aggressive surgical approach to periampullary tumors, of which pancreatic cancer is the most common, was justified. Morbidity and mortality rates dramatically improved and median survival rates began to significantly exceed the expected survival times of nonoperative treatment options (Crist et al. 1987; Trede et al. 1990). Today, the overall five-year survival rate is 15–25% for patients who undergo resection, compared with 1–5% for those who do not receive cancer-directed treatment (Bilimoria et al. 2007; Alexakis et al. 2004).
Probability of meeting/beating analysts' forecasts and market reaction to earnings announcements

In this paper, I hypothesize that market reaction to meeting/beating (missing) earnings expectations depends on its unexpected component, which is related to the ex ante probability that a firm will meet/beat expectations (MBE probability). I first empirically model the ex ante MBE probability using a vector of variables that is available to the market prior to earnings announcements. I then generate out-of-sample estimates of the MBE probability, which I use to explain cross-sectional variation in market reaction to earnings announcements. As predicted, I find that when firms with high MBE probabilities miss (meet/beat) analysts' consensus forecasts, their three-day abnormal returns around earnings announcements are significantly more negative (less positive) than those with low MBE probabilities. These results are robust to controlling for unexpected earnings and other determinants of stock returns around earnings announcements. Overall, I contribute to the literature on meeting/beating expectations by providing a rational explanation for cross-sectional variation in market reaction to meeting/beating or missing earnings expectations.
Validation of an automated sleep spindle detection method for mouse electroencephalography.

Study objectives Sleep spindles are abnormal in several neuropsychiatric conditions and have been implicated in associated cognitive symptoms. Accordingly, there is growing interest in elucidating the pathophysiology behind spindle abnormalities using rodent models of such disorders. However, whether sleep spindles can reliably be detected in mouse electroencephalography (EEG) is controversial necessitating careful validation of spindle detection and analysis techniques. Methods Manual spindle detection procedures were developed and optimized to generate an algorithm for automated detection of events from mouse cortical EEG. Accuracy and external validity of this algorithm were then assayed via comparison to sigma band (10-15 Hz) power analysis, a proxy for sleep spindles, and pharmacological manipulations. Results We found manual spindle identification in raw mouse EEG unreliable, leading to low agreement between human scorers as determined by F1-score (0.26 ± 0.07). Thus, we concluded it is not possible to reliably score mouse spindles manually using unprocessed EEG data. Manual scoring from processed EEG data (filtered, cubed root-mean-squared), enabled reliable detection between human scorers, and between human scorers and algorithm (F1-score > 0.95). Algorithmically detected spindles correlated with changes in sigma-power and were altered by the following conditions: sleep-wake state changes, transitions between NREM and REM sleep, and application of the hypnotic drug zolpidem (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Conclusions Here we describe and validate an automated paradigm for rapid and reliable detection of spindles from mouse EEG recordings. This technique provides a powerful tool to facilitate investigations of the mechanisms of spindle generation, as well as spindle alterations evident in mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Arbitration Case Law Update 2012

This chapter in the PLI Securities Arbitration 2012 Coursebook identifies decisions in the past year by the Supreme Court interpreting the FAA, as well as selected lower court decisions that could have an impact on securities arbitration practice.
Three-dimensional printing can provide customizable probes for sensing and monitoring in cryobiology applications.

Abstract Cryopreservation has been recognized as a powerful tool for long-term preservation of genetic resources. However, the outcomes of cryopreservation by different user groups often vary due to inconsistency in procedures and freezing equipment. Herein, we report on the feasibility of providing customizable sensing probes with three-dimensional (3-D) printing to monitor cryopreservation phenomena. The objectives were to: 1) introduce 3-D printing as a fabrication method for developing customizable probes to be used in cryogenic applications; 2) design and fabricate an example of a 3-D printed sensing probe and multiplexer capable of detecting phase-change phenomena based on quantitative data regarding sample electrical resistance and temperature, and 3) demonstrate the sensing platform in cryopreservation conditions and in combination with a custom-made 3-D printed freezing device. The sensing probe developed was designed to fit within standard 0.5-ml French straws. Phase-transition phenomena were detected by analyzing electrical resistance changes. The quantitative data from this device in conjugation with a 3-D printed freezer rack provided cryopreservation capability with high reproducibility and offered an alternative to expensive programmable freezers. The use of 3-D printing provided flexibility to develop new sensing probes or modify existing designs based on specific needs. After initial prototyping, fabrication, and testing of 3-D printed sensing probes, particularly useful designs can lead to the reduction of variation in performing standardized cryopreservation protocols.
Efficient Management of Building Energy Resources

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning costs dominate the overall energy bill of commercial buildings. These costs are even higher in developing countries where diesel generators provide backup power during recurrent power outages. In this work, we propose two efficient approaches to minimize energy costs associated with HVAC systems in the presence of outages and a mix of supply resources including grid, DG, solar and batteries. First, we develop an MILP optimization framework to solve the problem optimally. The framework uses novel relaxed HVAC models that speed-up computation without compromising solution accuracy. Thereafter, we develop a fast heuristic algorithm which uses a derived closed form solution for the optimal pre-cooling time and provides near optimal solutions in about three orders of magnitude less time compared to the optimization framework. Our experimental results demonstrate that both approaches yield average savings of 20% relative to the baseline operational practices in office buildings and cell towers.
Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae phage-like element SpnCI reveals an enhanced virulent phenotype in the acute invertebrate infection model Galleria mellonella

Abstract Phage-like elements are found in a multitude of streptococcal species, including pneumococcal strain Hungary19A-6 (SpnCI). The aim of our research was to investigate the role of phage-like element SpnCI in enhanced virulence and phenotypic modulation within Streptococcus pneumoniae. SpnCI was found to significantly enhance virulence within the invertebrate infection model Galleria mellonella. Infections with SpnCI led to a lower mean health score (1.6) and survival percentage (20%) compared to SpnCI null TIGR4 infections (3.85 mean health score and 50% survival). SpnCI remained integrated throughout growth, conferring greater sensitivity to UV irradiation. Change in transcriptional patterns occurred, including downregulation of operons involved with cell surface modelling in the SpnCI containing strain of TIGR4. Kanamycin-tagged SpnCI strain in Hungary19A-6 was inducible and isolated from lysate along with both annotated prophages. No phages were identified by PCR nor electron microscopy (EM) following induction of TIGR4 SpnCIΔstrA suggesting helper-phage dependence for dissemination. EM of lysate showed typical siphoviridae morphology with an average capsid size of 60 nm. Two of sixty capsids were found to be smaller, suggesting SpnCI disseminates using a similar mechanism described for Staphylococcus aureus phage-like element SaPI. SpnCI from lysate infected capsule null strain T4R but was incapable of infecting the encapsulated TIGR4 strain suggesting that capsule impedes phage infection. Our work demonstrates that SpnCI can modulate virulence, UV susceptibility, alter transcriptional patterns, and furthermore, can disseminate via infection within pneumococcus. Further research is necessary to elucidate how SpnCI modulates virulence and what genes are responsible for the enhanced virulence phenotype. Importance Although vaccines have limited the scope of pneumococcal infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae still remains an important human pathogen. Understanding novel elements, such as SpnCI, that enhance virulence can lead to the development of more targeted therapeutic and diagnostic tools within the clinical realm.
Analysis of failures in the research and development of new drugs

We systemically analyzed the review results and failed reasons in applications for investigational new drugs.The aim of this paper was to analyze the main factors that led to failures in the research and development of new drugs.The results have shown that 11.4% applications were not approved by SFDA,in which 41% applications had no suitable and good clinical advantages,29% applications had no adequate and good preclinical safety data to support the clinical trials.
Development of experimental silicosis in inbred and outbred mice depends on instillation volume

There is considerable variation in methods to induce experimental silicosis with the effects of dose and route of exposure being well documented. However, to what extent the volume of silica suspension alters the dispersion and severity of silicosis has not been adequately investigated. In this study, the optimal volume of a crystalline silica suspension required to obtain uniform distribution and greatest incidence and severity of silicosis was determined in inbred and outbred mice. Silica dispersal, detected by co-inspiration with India ink and polarized light microscopy, was highly dependent upon volume. Furthermore, although peribronchitis, perivasculitis, and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers were detected a lower doses and volumes, significant alveolitis required exposure to 5 mg of silica in 50 μl. This dose and volume of transoral instillation led to a greater penetrance of silicosis in the genetically heterogeneous Diversity Outbred strain as well as greater alveolar inflammation typical of the silicosis in human disease. These findings underscore the critical importance of instillation volume on the induction, severity, and type of inflammatory pathology in experimental silicosis.
Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension With Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and Neprilysin Inhibitor Sacubitril/Valsartan

Background: Angiotensin II has been implicated in maladaptive right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and fibrosis associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Natriuretic peptides decrease RV afterload...
The Case for Studying Criminal Nonfatal Shootings: Evidence from Four Midwest Cities

Using law enforcement data from four Midwest communities, we document the similarities and differences between criminal nonfatal and fatal shooting incidents, including the spatial dimensions of th...
Oocyte activation, oolemma piercing, and real-time viability confirmation in human oocytes using electrophysiological techniques.

Purpose of review To discuss the recent applications of electrophysiological principles to the optimization and automation of the IVF laboratory. Recent findings There is growing evidence showing improvement of live birth rates following oocyte electro-activation. Novel applications using electrophysiological techniques are now employed to determine oocyte penetration and viability in real-time. Summary In this short review, we summarize the recent advances in the integration of electrophysiological techniques into the assisted reproductive technology laboratories. We describe the potential clinical applications and their advantages such as creation of reliable automated cell injection systems and novel manual intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) training platforms. We also discuss theoretical adverse effects and ways to mitigate them.
Luxury in the Sky with More Than Diamonds

This chapter focuses on the process by which architecture and design have increasingly transformed airports and airplanes into luxurious environments, catering to voyagers’ need for a cocooning shelter that alleviates the fears associated with air travel. It analyzes the nexus between air mobility, opulence, and consumption of luxury goods as a prevailing pattern of our imaginary since the pioneering years of commercial aviation. It further explores the semiotics of luxury in the Airworld setting, highlighting the exposure of passengers to commercials and airline magazines, and their forced circulation through duty-free areas, shedding light on the osmotic link between fashion trends and air travel culture. Furthermore, it examines numerous cliches in which air hostesses metaphorically represent the triad of beauty, elegance, and comfort, while pilots, endowed with a vibrant masculinity, equally fuel the dream of luxury and aerial style.