cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving During and Postfault Response of Fuel Cells in Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Grid Fault Cases

High-gain PID controllers with fast response are the most common schemes that are used to control polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, during grid voltage sags, due to their fast response, these controllers may get saturated. Consequently, the PID controller loses the ability to control PEMFC during grid's voltage restoration period, which is not desirable for the grid. In this paper, a control strategy using proxy-based sliding mode control (PBSMC) is proposed to enhance the postdisturbance recovery of PEMFCs. The proposed control scheme operates similar to high-gain, fast response PID controllers during normal operation and small disturbances. However, during large disturbances that cause the conventional controller to reach its limit, PBSMC shows a slow and overdamped response. This leads to fast and smooth resume to the predisturbance trajectory. Additionally, in this paper, a systematic approach is developed to reduce the voltage oscillations of the capacitor of a dc/dc converter during asymmetrical faults. By employing this method, the performance of PEMFC power plant under asymmetrical faults is enhanced. Simulation results show that the proposed controller and voltage oscillation compensation method improve the response of PEMFCs to different types of faults.
Developing and interpreting aqueous functional assays for comparative property-activity relationships of different nanoparticles

It is difficult to relate intrinsic nanomaterial properties to their functional behavior in the environment. Unlike frameworks for dissolved organic chemicals, there are few frameworks comparing multiple and inter-related properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to their fate, exposure, and hazard in environmental systems. We developed and evaluated reproducibility and inter-correlation of 12 physical, chemical, and biological functional assays in water for eight different engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and interpreted results using activity-profiling radar plots. The functional assays were highly reproducible when run in triplicate (average coefficient of variation [CV]=6.6%). Radar plots showed that each nanomaterial exhibited unique activity profiles. Reactivity assays showed dissolution or aggregation potential for some ENMs. Surprisingly, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exhibited movement in a magnetic field. We found high inter-correlations between cloud point extraction (CPE) and distribution to sewage sludge (R2=0.99), dissolution at pH8 and pH4.9 (R2=0.98), and dissolution at pH8 and zebrafish mortality at 24hpf (R2=0.94). Additionally, most ENMs tend to distribute out of water and into other phases (i.e., soil surfaces, surfactant micelles, and sewage sludge). The activity-profiling radar plots provide a framework and estimations of likely ENM disposition in the environment.
Marked Increases in CGM Use Has Not Prevented Increases in HbA1c Levels in Participants in the T1D Exchange (T1DX) Clinic Network

In this report, we examined and compared changes in diabetes technology use and HbA1c levels from data collected in 22,470 participants in the T1DX clinic registry (mean age 26±18 years, duration 14±13 years) between 2016 and 2017 with registry data collected from 25,529 participants (mean age 22±17 years, duration 10±12 years) between 2010 and 2012. There was a moderate increase in insulin pump use across all age groups from 57% in the 2010-12 cohort to 63% in the 2016-17 cohort. In contrast, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use rose sharply from 7% to 28%, with the most dramatic increase in the preadolescent and young child groups (4% to 35% for participants Conclusion: In the T1D Exchange registry, HbA1c levels have increased although HbA1c remains lower in CGM users than non-users. Disclosure N.C. Foster: None. K. Miller: None. L. DiMeglio: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi, Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Janssen Research & Development, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi. D.M. Maahs: Advisory Panel; Self; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Bigfoot Biomedical, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. W.V. Tamborlane: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. R.M. Bergenstal: Research Support; Self; Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Abbott. Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. Consultant; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Dexcom, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi, Roche Pharma. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Medtronic. Consultant; Self; Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Hygieia. Advisory Panel; Self; Hygieia, Glooko, Inc.. Research Support; Self; JAEB Center For Health Research, JDRF, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. M.A. Clements: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Self; Glooko, Inc. M.R. Rickels: Consultant; Self; Hua Medicine, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. E. Smith: None. B.A. Olson: None. R. Beck: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Abbott. Consultant; Self; Bigfoot Biomedical. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Insulet Corporation. Research Support; Self; Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. Consultant; Self; Merck & Co., Inc., Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc..
Accounting to the Public through Focused-Practice Certification

Certification in hospital-based medicine will allow hospitalists to demonstrate competence in critical elements of their practice. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Leucomyosuppressin: A Decapeptide that Inhibits Hindgut Contractile Activity in LeucophaeaMaderae

During our initial isolation studies of several myotropic peptides from cockroach head extracts (Holman et al., 1984), we observed that one of the fractions isolated from the µ-Bondapak phenyl separation system contained a material that suppressed the spontaneous contractile activity of the isolated cockroach hindgut in a reversible manner. A similar inhibitory response was previously observed with a cockroach hindgut extract (Holman and Cook, 1970). This report describes the isolation, structural identification, synthesis, and biological activity of this inhibitory peptide present in head extracts.
Prognostic impact of ASXL1 mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and multilineage dysplasia with or without ring sideroblasts

Abstract Introduction The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms reclassified patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with multilineage dysplasia (MLD) based on the presence or absence of ring sideroblasts (RS). We performed this study to validate this change in the context of relevant gene mutations. Methods WHO-defined MDS and MLD were identified with detailed clinical, cytogenetic and outcomes data. A 32-gene targeted exome sequencing panel was performed on bone marrow samples obtained at diagnosis. Results Ninety eight patients were included; 59 (60%) MDS-MLD and 39 (40%) MDS-RS-MLD. There were no significant differences in the median overall survival (OS) in the two groups (25 months each, p = 0.6). Among the myeloid-relevant gene mutations, presence of ASXL1 (HR 2.5, p = 0.005) was identified as an adverse prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion While segregation of MDS-MLD based on RS holds little prognostic relevance, ASXL1 mutational status significantly and independently predicts poor outcomes.
Drop-in biofuels offer strategies for meeting California’s 2030 climate mandate

In 2015, California established a mandate that requires on-road greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be reduced by 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. We explore the feasibility of meeting this goal by large-scale commercialization of drop-in biofuels. Drop-in biofuels, although not clearly defined, are a class of fuels that can be produced from biomass and blended with either crude oil or finished fuels without requiring equipment retrofits. This article focuses on thermochemical routes at or near commercialization. We provide a bottom-up, spatially explicit cost analysis to evaluate whether California can meet its 2030 GHG reduction target with drop-in fuels alone. A takeaway from our analysis is that drop-in fuels, if their performance is consistent with small-scale and simulated results, can be viable low-carbon substitutes for gasoline and diesel. We find that California can meet, and even exceed, its 2030 GHG emissions target for on-road vehicles with drop-in biofuels alone, but this requires use of biomass resources located outside the state. Meeting the 40% reduction target in a cost-effective manner requires pyrolysis of herbaceous agricultural residues (96% of total fuel output) and the conversion of woody residues via methanol-to-gasoline (4%). This scale of production would require 58 million metric tons of biomass feedstock, or 20% of total available biomass residues in the United States. For comparison, California is responsible for 11% of transportation-related petroleum consumption in the US. The approximately 5 billion gallons (19 billion liters) per year of drop-in fuel would displace 30% of gasoline and 60% of diesel demand in California. If electricity offset credits are eliminated, the target can be met with a similar scale of production, but methanol-to-gasoline becomes the dominant route (>99%), biomass requirements increase by 33%, and average production costs increase by 20%. Following this policy pathway would increase national biofuel production by 30% relative to 2015 production levels.
State Policies And Enrollees' Experiences In Medicaid: Evidence From A New National Survey.

Medicaid provides health insurance to more than seventy million Americans, yet there has been little systematic analysis of what factors influence enrollees’ satisfaction with and access to care. U...
406. Achievement of Clinical Isavuconazole (ISA) Serum and Plasma Drug Concentrations in Two Patients With Isavuconazonium Capsules Administered via Nasogastric Feeding Tube (NGT)

Background Isavuconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal available in both intravenous (IV) and oral capsule formulations for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Oral administration can be challenging as FDA prescribing information states capsules should not be chewed, crushed, dissolved, or opened. We describe the first two cases, to our knowledge, of patients who received isavuconazonium capsules sprinkled via NGT with concomitant therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
Allowing and Fully Supporting Multiple Programming Languages in a Computer Graphics Course: An Experience

This paper reports an experience of offering an introductory computer graphics course in two languages, Java and C++, in the same section. This was done to target a more diverse audience of students coming from different majors and concentrations. Students chose between these languages and could switch at any time during the course. All materials related to lectures, code examples and assignments were provided in both languages. Technical support was provided for both languages throughout the course. In order to streamline this effort programming environments and supporting tools were chosen and standardized for both languages. Student experience was monitored throughout the semester using survey instruments. The experience involved significant planning, overhead and expected and unexpected issues throughout the semester. Although this experience deals with a computer graphics course, we believe other courses, especially higher-level electives, can be made multi-lingual to cater to students with different backgrounds.
Perturbations of Donoghue Classes and Inverse Problems for L-Systems

We study linear perturbations of Donoghue classes of scalar Herglotz–Nevanlinna functions by a real parameter Q and their representations as impedance of conservative L-systems. Perturbation classes $${{\mathfrak {M}}}^Q$$ , $${{\mathfrak {M}}}^Q_\kappa $$ , $${{\mathfrak {M}}}^{-1,Q}_\kappa $$ are introduced and for each class the realization theorem is stated and proved. We use a new approach that leads to explicit new formulas describing the von Neumann parameter of the main operator of a realizing L-system and the unimodular one corresponding to a self-adjoint extension of the symmetric part of the main operator. The dynamics of the presented formulas as functions of Q is obtained. As a result, we substantially enhance the existing realization theorem for scalar Herglotz–Nevanlinna functions. In addition, we solve the inverse problem (with uniqueness condition) of recovering the perturbed L-system knowing the perturbation parameter Q and the corresponding non-perturbed L-system. Resolvent formulas describing the resolvents of main operators of perturbed L-systems are presented. A concept of a unimodular transformation as well as conditions of transformability of one perturbed L-system into another one are discussed. Examples that illustrate the obtained results are presented.
Price Signaling and Channel Coordination

When information asymmetry exists in the market, firms often use the price signal to communicate unobservable quality to consumers. We examine the signaling role of retail price in a decentralized channel. Our normative model demonstrates that there might exist a moderate range of retail prices (we term this range the “quality suspicion range”) within which consumers cannot perfectly discern quality from the price. In order to credibly communicate high quality to consumers, the retailer is forced to set a price either below or above the quality suspicion range. This handicaps the retailer’s price response to wholesale price. We find that there could exist equilibria such that the wholesale price is relatively low (and the retail price is compelled to be correspondingly low). The low prices reduce channel inefficiency due to the double marginalization. As a result, consumers, retailers and manufacturers might all be better off under imperfect than perfect information.
Finite-temperature simulation of anharmonicity and octahedral tilting transitions in halide perovskites

Octahedral tilting transitions are observed in most inorganic halide perovskites and play an important role in determining their functional and thermodynamic properties. Despite existing near room temperature, the cubic and tetragonal forms of halide perovskites become dynamically unstable at low temperature, making it impossible to study their thermodynamic properties with commonly used quasiharmonic models. An anharmonic vibrational Hamiltonian is constructed that accurately reproduces the low-energy portion of the potential-energy surface of the halide perovskite ${\mathrm{CsPbBr}}_{3}$. The Hamiltonian is validated using a large first-principles dataset of energies calculated within density functional theory for large-amplitude deformations of the ${\mathrm{CsPbBr}}_{3}$ crystal. Monte Carlo simulations performed on the Hamiltonian reproduce the orthorhombic-tetragonal-cubic phase transitions observed in ${\mathrm{CsPbBr}}_{3}$ and many other halide perovskites, demonstrating the importance of anharmonic vibrational excitations in stabilizing the tetragonal and cubic phases in these materials. Measures of local structure and octahedral tilting in the cubic and tetragonal phases, obtained from Monte Carlo simulations, confirm the connection between large anisotropic displacement factors and octahedral tilting, as observed experimentally.
Creating and Re-Shaping Egypt in Kush: Responses at Amara West

An ongoing British Museum researh project at Amara West, Ramesside administrative center of Upper Nubia (Kush), is producing a range of evidence that allows different experiences of the colonial environment to be investigated. This paper considers the formal built environment (walled town, temple and associated decorative programs), household space, domestic cult, material culture and the role of writing to explore individual and household responses when residing in a context (cultural, environmental) distinct from Egypt itself. Alongside consideration of the limitations of the available data, the evidence for an increasing heterogeneity of the town (and its inhabitants) is also covered. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v06i1_spencer
Ultrasound Surface Wave Elastography for Assessing Scleroderma

Scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SSc), is a multi-organ connective tissue disease characterized by immune dysregulation and tissue fibrosis. Skin disease is both a disabling feature of SSc and a predictor of visceral involvement and increased mortality. The Modified Rodnan Skin Score (MRSS) is currently the most common clinical method for assessing skin. We developed ultrasound surface wave elastography (USWE) techniques to measure skin surface wave speeds and analyze skin viscoelasticity. The objective of this research was to determine the correlations of skin surface wave speed and skin viscoelasticity with MRSS. Twenty-six SSc patients were studied using USWE and the MRSS. The subject was tested in a sitting position while his or her left or right forearm and upper arm were placed horizontally on a pillow in a relaxed state. The skin of both left and right forearms and upper arms of patients was tested using USWE. Surface wave speeds are positively correlated with the MRSS. Skin elasticity is also positively correlated with the MRSS. However, there was no correlation between skin viscosity and the MRSS for these SSc patients. We will further study if skin viscosity is sensitive enough to detect early edema from inflammation changes of SSc.
Dead Load Flow

The study of load tracing begins with gravity loads and a grid of horizontal elements. The primary elements are called girders, the secondary elements are called beams. Secondary implies that these members have a lower hierarchical standing, they rely on (connect to) the primary members which we call girders. The beams may be long, or they may be short. Architectural concerns may call for having longer beams connecting to girders, which may have shorter spans but subsequently larger bending moments. Good practice would call for having both of these elements at roughly the same depth so that floor thickness remains somewhat constant. In timber and steel construction, it is common to assume that the secondary beams are simply supported at their ends, i.e. they do not transfer bending moment to the girders. This is symbolized by a gap in the drawing of the connection. In this chapter, the girders are also always assumed to be simply supported to the columns, but along their length they carry moment across each connection. Thus, in Fig. 3.1, the girder passing from span AB to span BC does transfer moment at that intersection, whereas the beam along B connects simply to the girder at B, no moment is transferred.
Graphics Card Based Fuzzing

Fuzzing is the art of creating data and using that generated data as input for a target program. The goal behind this is to crash the program in a manner that can be analyzed and exploited. Software developers are able to benefit from fuzzers, as they can patch the discovered vulnerabilities before an attacker exploits them. Programs are becoming larger and require improved fuzzers to keep up with the increased attack surface. Most innovations in fuzzer development are software related and provide better path coverage or data generation. This paper proposes creating a fuzzer that is designed to utilize a dedicated graphics card's graphics processing unit (GPU) instead of the standard processor. Much of the code within the fuzzer is parallelizable, meaning the graphics card could potentially process it in a much more efficient manner. The effectiveness of GPU fuzzing is assessed herein.
Raman Spectroscopy and Advanced Statistics for Cancer Diagnostics

While many cancers can be detected, current diagnostic efforts exhibit definite room for improvement. It is imperative that a person be diagnosed with cancer as early on in its progression as possible. An earlier diagnosis allows for the best treatment and intervention options available to be presented. Unfortunately, existing methods for diagnosing cancer can be expensive, invasive, inconclusive, or inaccurate, and are not always made during initial stages of disease progression. As such, there is a crucial unmet need to develop a singular universal method that is reliable, cost-effective, and non-invasive and can diagnose all forms of cancer early on. Raman spectroscopy in combination with advanced statistical analysis is offered here as a potential solution for this need. Recently published research in which Raman spectroscopy was used for the purpose of diagnosing cancer is reviewed. The benefits and the risks of the methodology are presented; however, there is overwhelming evidence that suggests Raman spectroscopy is highly suitable for becoming the first universal method to be used for diagnosing cancer.
Anaerobic Digestion of Tetracycline Spiked Livestock Manure and Poultry Litter Increased the Abundances of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes

Anaerobic digestion is used for the treatment of animal manure by generating biogas. Heavy metals cause environmental pollutions and co-select for antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure (CM), swine manure (SM) and poultry litter (PL) on the concentrations of seven tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B), tet(G), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and tet(W)], macrolide [erm(B)], methicillin (mecA and mecC), copper (copB, pcoA, pcoD, and tcrB) and zinc (czrC) resistance genes, and three bacterial species (E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus). The total bacterial population and total abundance of the seven tet genes significantly increased in the three manure types after digestion. Concentration of tet(M) was strongly correlated with that of erm(B) and enterococci. As concentration of tetracyclines declined during anaerobic digestion, that of four tet genes (A, B, Q, and W) and 16S rRNA increased, that of tet(M) decreased, and that of tet(G) and tet(O) did not change. Concentrations of copB and pcoA did not change; while that of pcoD did not change in the PL, it increased in the SM and CM. While the concentration of enterococci remained unchanged in CM, it significantly increased in the PL and SM. Concentrations of tcrB significantly increased in the three manure types. While concentrations of S. aureus significantly increased in the CM and PL, that of SM was not affected. Concentrations of mecC significantly increased in all manure types after digestion; while mecA concentrations did not change in the SM, they significantly increased in CM and PL. While concentration of czrC remained low in the CM, it increased in the PL but declined in the SM. In conclusion, while mesophilic anaerobic digestion of animal manure decreased concentration of tetracyclines, it increased the concentrations of total bacteria, tet genes, E. coli, enterococci and S. aureus and methicillin resistance genes. It did not have any effect on concentrations of heavy metals; concentrations of heavy metal resistance genes either increased or remained unaffected depending on the animal species. This study showed the need for post-digestion treatments of animal manure to remove bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metals and their resistance genes.
Carpal Motion in Chronic Geissler IV Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Wrists.

Purpose This study evaluated the biomechanics of Geissler IV (G4) wrists in cadavers and compared them with intact specimens after multiple ligament sectioning to create scapholunate instability. It also evaluated carpal motion changes after sectioning of the lunotriquetral interosseous ligament (LTIL). Methods Eight cadaver wrists determined to be G4 arthroscopically were tested using a wrist joint motion simulator. The LTIL was then sectioned, and carpal motion was recorded again. Carpal motions were compared with 37 normal wrists after sectioning of the scapholunate interosseous ligament and other ligaments to create a G4 wrist. Results Carpal motion of the 37 normal wrists after ligamentous sectioning was similar to motion of the 8 specimens noted to be G4. These wrists did not demonstrate subluxation of the scaphoid that may occur after ligament sectioning. After sectioning of the LTIL, there were significant changes in lunate and triquetral motion. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that sectioning multiple ligaments in normal wrists to create scapholunate instability causes average motion comparable to that seen in G4 wrists. Ligamentous sectioning can cause a range of scaphoid instability. Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament sectioning in native G4 wrists caused greater changes in triquetral than scaphoid range of motion. Clinical relevance Patients with arthroscopically determined G4 lesions have an incompetent SLIL and scapholunate instability but do not necessarily have scapholunate dissociation and subluxation. Cadaver studies that evaluate instability by sectioning specific intact wrist ligaments are similar to the G4 specimens and thus are a good approximation of naturally occurring wrist instability. The functionality of secondary stabilizers not seen arthroscopically may explain the differences in motion. Geissler IV wrists and ligament-sectioned wrists are points on the spectrum of carpal instability, which is determined by the extent of damage to multiple ligamentous structures.
Traffic grooming in mesh optical networks

Traffic grooming deals with efficiently packing/unpacking low-speed connections onto high-capacity trunks. We examine traffic grooming for optical mesh networks by reviewing grooming-node architectures, traffic models, grooming policies, novel graph models, survivable grooming, and hierarchical switching, etc.
DELIRIUM IN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS ACROSS CARE TRANSITIONS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT

To the Editor: Delirium affects patients in many settings,1-3 leading to adverse outcomes. Nursing home (NH) patients are three times more likely to present to an emergency department (ED) with delirium than community-dwellingelderly patients.4 In addition, many NH patients seen in the ED are admitted to the hospital before returning to the NH. One might expect that these transitions would exacerbate delirium, even though no one has documented delirium persistence across care settings. Delirium was monitored across the ED, hospital, and NH in a small number of NH residents admitted to the ED for the purpose of describing how many days they experienced delirium and how transitions between care settings affected delirium.
Hysterical trismus (conversion reaction). Report of a case.

Abstract Hysterical trismus is a conversion type of reaction. A case is presented in which this neurologic defense mechanism involved the stomatognathic system, resulting in complete trismus. The immediate symptom was cured by general anesthesia, and the patient was then referred for psychiatric treatment.
Common stock repurchases: An analysis of returns to bondholders and stockholders

Abstract This paper examines the effects of a common stock repurchase on the values of the repurchasing firm's common stock, debt and preferred stock, and attempts to identify the dominant factors underlying the observed value changes. The evidence indicates that significant increases in firm values occur within one day of a stock repurchase announcement. These value changes appear to be due principally to an information signal from the repurchasing firm. Common stockholders are the beneficiaries of virtually all of the value increments, but no class of securities examined declines in value as a result of the repurchase.
Double-Cropped Field Pea Crop Rotation Study

Farmers are continually searching for a third crop to complement the corn-soybean rotation. Field peas can be substituted for most of the soybean meal in swine rations and is more economical than soybean meal,so there is a huge potential market for field peas in Iowa. Field peas are a short season crop which makes double cropping a potential possibility.
Defeating the Terminator: How Remastered Albums May Help Record Companies Avoid Termination

Beginning in 2013, copyright owners can begin terminating copyright grants made 35 years earlier. In the music industry, this termination right could greatly affect the profits of record companies, which rely on valuable older recordings to drive profits. But all is not lost for those record companies, as termination is not guaranteed. Congress excluded certain types of work from termination, including derivative works. After outlining the standards courts use to determine what constitutes a derivative work and how remastered albums are made, the Note analyzes whether remastered albums will be considered derivative works and thus not subject to termination. Finally, the Note argues that allowing record companies to continue to utilize such remastered recordings best meets the legislative intent behind both the termination provision and the derivative works exception.
Forensic Evaluation in Delinquency Cases

Mental health professionals have provided forensic evaluations in delinquency cases throughout the one-hundred-year existence of the juvenile court. Yet little research has been available to assist the development of this mental health service, and professional guidance through literature and specialized training has lagged far behind other areas of forensic mental health practice. The first section of this chapter describes these conditions historically and suggests that a “new field” of juvenile forensic evaluation has recently emerged due to increased attention to problems of youth violence and increasing evidence of elevated prevalence rates of mental disorders among delinquent youths. Three types of assessments in delinquency cases are reviewed in the three main sections of this chapter: disposition (rehabilitation) assessments, evaluations for estimating risk of future violence, and assessments for psycholegal concepts in delinquency cases (e.g., waiver to criminal court, competence to stand trial, and youths' capacities to waive Miranda rights). Each section reviews the fundamental questions that these evaluations address, from a legal and psychological perspective, then review concepts and methods that have been developed to assist clinicians in obtaining data and making inferences to address those questions. The final section reviews anticipated future advances in forensic assessment in delinquency cases. Keywords: delinquency; forensic evaluations; juvenile justice
Results of an Electrical Power System Fault Study

This report gives the results of an electrical power system fault study which has been conducted over the last 2 and one-half years. First, the results of the literature search into electrical power system faults in space and terrestrial power system applications are reported. A description of the intended implementations of the power system faults into the Large Autonomous Spacecraft Electrical Power System (LASEPS) breadboard is then presented. Then, the actual implementation of the faults into the breadboard is discussed along with a discussion describing the LASEPS breadboard. Finally, the results of the injected faults and breadboard failures are discussed.
A Molecular Code for Identity in the Vomeronasal System

In social interactions among mammals, individuals are recognized by olfactory cues, but identifying the key signals among thousands of compounds remains a major challenge. To address this need, we developed a new technique, component-activity matching (CAM), to select candidate ligands that "explain" patterns of bioactivity across diverse complex mixtures. Using mouse urine from eight different sexes and strains, we identified 23 components to explain firing rates in seven of eight functional classes of vomeronasal sensory neurons. Focusing on a class of neurons selective for females, we identified a novel family of vomeronasal ligands, steroid carboxylic acids. These ligands accounted for much of the neuronal activity of urine from some female strains, were necessary for normal levels of male investigatory behavior of female scents, and were sufficient to trigger mounting behavior. CAM represents the first step toward an exhaustive characterization of the molecular cues for natural behavior in a mammalian olfactory system.
Reflections on the Equity Premium Puzzle

This chapter explains three interrelated asset pricing puzzles. One puzzle pertains to the equity premium, a second to stock volatility, and the third to the interest rate. The puzzles involve why the equity premium in U.S. markets has historically been high, why equity markets are much more volatile than consumption growth, and why historical U.S. interest rates have been low. The chapter discusses the nature of these puzzles from both a traditional perspective and a behavioral perspective. The behavioral perspective is centered on both preferences and beliefs. Conventional explanations for the equity premium puzzle center on time-varying risk tolerance and why risk aversion increases dramatically in down markets. Notably, these explanations assume that investors are error free. This chapter presents evidence about investor errors that provides support for the equity premium puzzle's being a manifestation of investor errors. To be sure, behavioral preferences reflecting prospect theory and myopic loss aversion may well play a role in shaping investors' attitudes toward risk. However, the evidence that investors commit systematic errors is substantial, and that evidence is consistent with errors being part of the explanation behind the equity premium puzzle.
Improving patient satisfaction with waiting time.

Waiting times are a significant component of patient satisfaction. A patient satisfaction survey performed in the author's health center showed that students rated waiting time lowest of the listed categories—A ratings of 58% overall, 63% for scheduled appointments, and 41% for the walk-in clinic. The center used a quality improvement process and instituted schedule and reception area changes. A follow-up survey 3 months later showed A ratings of 73% overall, 81% for scheduled appointments, and 56% for the walk-in clinic. A repeat survey 4 months later showed A satisfaction ratings of 79% overall, 85% for scheduled appointments, and 68% for the walk-in clinic. The author discusses strategies the center used to improve patient satisfaction with waiting time.
Thermochemistry, reaction paths, and kinetics on the tert-isooctane radical reaction with O2.

Thermochemical properties of tert-isooctane hydroperoxide and its radicals are determined by computational chemistry. Enthalpies are determined using isodesmic reactions with B3LYP density function and CBS QB3 methods. Application of group additivity with comparison to calculated values is illustrated. Entropy and heat capacities are determined using geometric parameters and frequencies from the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) calculations for the lowest energy conformer. Internal rotor potentials are determined for the tert-isooctane hydroperoxide and its radicals in order to identify isomer energies. Recommended values derived from the most stable conformers of tert-isooctane hydroperoxide of are −77.85 ± 0.44 kcal mol–1. Isooctane is a highly branched molecule, and its structure has a significant effect on its thermochemistry and reaction barriers. Intramolecular interactions are shown to have a significant effect on the enthalpy of the isooctane parent and its radicals on peroxy/peroxide systems, the R• + O2 well de...
In vitro fertilization and artificial activation of eggs of the direct-developing anuran Eleutherodactylus coqui

Although much is known about the reproductive biology of pond-breeding frogs, there is comparatively little information about terrestrial-breeding anurans, a highly successful and diverse group. This study investigates the activation and in vitro fertilization of eggs of the Puerto Rican coqui frog obtained by hormonally induced ovulation. We report that spontaneous activation occurs in 34% of eggs, probably in response to mechanical stress during oviposition. Artificial activation, as evidenced by the slow block to polyspermy and the onset of zygote division, was elicited both by mechanical stimulation and calcium ionophore exposure in 64% and 83% of the cases, respectively. Finally, one in vitro fertilization protocol showed a 27% success rate, despite the fact that about one third of all unfertilized eggs obtained by hormone injection auto-activate. We expect these findings to aid in the conservation effort of Eleutherodactylus frogs, the largest vertebrate genus.
Epitope characterization of pre-existing and developing antibodies to an aglycosylated monoclonal antibody therapeutic of G1m17,1 allotype

Allotypes of IgG1 molecules can influence the immunogenicity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and may account for the presence of some pre-existing antibodies. An electrochemiluminescent (ECL) bridging immunoassay was used to characterize the binding epitopes of anti-therapeutic antibodies (ATAs) in a Phase 1 single ascending dose clinical trial of a therapeutic aglycosylated IgG1monoclonal antibody (mAb). There was no evidence for ATAs specific for a possible neo-epitope created due to the lack of glycosylation. ATAs that developed post-treatment were specific for the F(ab')2, whereas, pre-existing ATAs were specific to the Fc region. Further characterization of the pre-existing ATAs identified the specific epitope to be the G1m1 allotype determinant in the Fc of the therapeutic. A novel competitive bridging assay was developed to verify that serum IgG1 from subjects with pre-existing anti-G1m1 antibodies was homozygous for the antithetical allotype (G1m3). The endogenous G1m allotype of all subjects was assessed and correlation to ATA incidence and adverse events was evaluated. Interestingly, the pre-existing anti-allotype antibody in subjects persisted but was not augmented after dosing, indicating the lack of a secondary immune response to this epitope. These studies indicate the relationship of the therapeutic allotype and the corresponding allotype of subjects is an important component to further understand the impact of immunogenicity on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies.
Evaluation of reproductive toxicity by testicular sperm head counts

The advantages of testicular sperm head counts are many, and the procedure should be encouraged. It is simple, quantitative, objective, and has excellent sensitivity. Effects can be measured for al...
Multiphase and multicomponent transport with phase change during meat cooking

Abstract A multiphase model based on unsaturated flow in a hygroscopic porous medium, which accounts for the important physical phenomena that take place during thermal treatment of meat, is developed. Frozen meat is considered as a porous solid comprising of water, fat and protein with gas trapped in its pores. As it is heated, water and fat melt, and, are gradually released from the solid protein matrix to the pore space. With further rise in temperature, liquid water evaporates. Since four fluid components (liquid water phase, liquid fat phase, water vapor and air) are present in the pore space, a mass balance equation is written for each component. Local thermal equilibrium assumption leads to one energy balance equation for the whole system. The model is validated for double-sided contact heating of hamburger patties by comparing temperature and moisture profiles with experimental studies. Dominant modes of transport are identified.
Novel Multiple Resolutions Design of Experiment/Response Surface Methodology for Uncertainty Analysis of Reservoir Simulation Forecasts

Response surfaces (RS) are useful and simple proxies to simulators, which relate in a closed form output variables (oil recovery factor, oil rate, etc.) of a simulator to input parameters over the entire parameter space. These proxies can then be used to compute production forecast uncertainty profiles with Monte Carlo calculation, instead of relying on time consuming reservoir simulation. Typically, design of experiment (DOE) and response surface methodologies (RSM) are used to both identify statistically significant factors and to generate RS. RS are usually low order polynomials, which are generated by using the regression method. These methodologies work well if response surfaces are smooth with weak non-linearity. However, when these polynomials fail to meet reasonable accuracy criteria, adding more points to the design will only marginally improve RS accuracy. Response surface methodology can be adapted for such cases by using interpolation methods (Kriging, Spline, etc.) instead of regression method. But, most interpolation methods tend to smooth out non-linearity. These interpolated proxies can become substantially inaccurate, if: 1. Non-linear effects are very strong; 2. The non-linearity is not uniformly distributed throughout the parameter space. In this paper, we introduce a novel RSM and its supporting DOE methodology to construct response surfaces as proxies of a simulator when input factors of the simulator such as faults cause strong non-linear effects. These methodologies are used to generate RS of arbitrary shapes by iteratively interpolating on a multilevel grid in the experimental space, which allows the local subdivision of the parameter domain. New partitions and interpolation points are added adaptively in the selected parameters regions, if local errors of the constructed response surface exceed a pre-selected threshold. The art of these methodologies consists in: 1. Splitting the whole domain into sub-domains of multiple scale levels, where the components of a RS can be accurately modeled with ‘thin plate’ spline interpolants. The resultant RS is obtained by combining its global and local components. 2. Achieving adequate RS accuracy with the minimum number of simulation runs. We modify the SPE9 Benchmark problem to investigate the method’s validity and efficiency. We compare it with traditional DOE and RSM methodologies. Finally, we perform Monte Carlo simulation using the RS proxies to assess uncertainty of the production forecasts. Results show that the presented methodologies work accurately and efficiently for problems with strongly non-linear effects, especially when the non-linear effects are non-uniformly distributed.
Assimilation Ideology: Critically Examining Underlying Messages in Multicultural Literature

Using the framework of multicultural education, this article presents an analysis of multicultural picture books that depict the features of assimilation ideology. The findings suggest that assimilationist ideas are presented through the main characters' identities in the resolution of the story and through the portrayal of a glorified dominant culture. These findings contribute to the literature by exploring the assumptions that multicultural texts are indeed “multicultural” and that they promote cultural pluralism. Additional criteria for selecting multicultural texts that critically examine underlying ideologies are included, as well as suggestions for promoting critical reading practices to support multicultural education.
“I'm my mother's daughter, I'm my husband's wife, I'm my child's mother, I'm nothing else”: Resisting traditional Korean roles as Korean American working women in Seoul, South Korea

Synopsis In recent years, return migration trips to the ancestral homeland by diasporic individuals have been increasing, often framed as a search for roots and a sense of belonging and home. This study offers a gendered analysis of return migration based on the work narratives of second-generation Korean American women in the South Korean context. Through an examination of the experiences within the South Korean labor market, the study found Korean American women relied heavily on dominant notions of white privilege and patriarchy that upheld a hierarchical relationship of the US to South Korea. These interlocking ideologies constructed the US as a modern, gender egalitarian country that has achieved gender equality, while South Korea remained constrained by traditional patriarchal attitudes and practices that left little room for successful women in the workforce. In response, the participants create new identities that highlight their agency as the ideal cosmopolitan worker in a rapidly globalizing South Korean economy.
Electrographic Aspects of “Epileptic” Neuronal Aggregates

RESUME Court expose des principaux traits morphologiques caracteristiques de I'activite electrique des agglomerations neuronales epieptiques (ANE) tel qu'on les enregistre au moyen de macro- et microelectrodes. L'auteur etudie quelques phenomtnes neurophysiologiques fondamentaux par la comparaison du role qu'ils jouent dans le comportement des agglomerations neurales normales et dans celui des ANE; il releve les caracteres differentiels qui se montrent les plus semblables dans les deux situations. Il analyse et discute les mecanismes fondamentaux susceptibles dlětre impliques dans la generation et le maintien d'une activite epileptiforme. On distingue deux aspects dans I'activite des ANE: inter-ictale et ictale. L'analyse des proces responsables d'un “firing” (interictal) cyclique paroxysmal et de I'activite organisee, repetitive, autosoutenue (ictale) dans l'ANE, ainsi que celle du passage de l'un a l'autre, eveille la pensee que, outre de simples differences quantitatives, autre chose encore caracterise ces deux types d'activite. L'auteur suggere que, tandis que le premier phenomene peut, theoriquement, se produire dans le neurone isole, le second ne peut se presenter que dans l'ANE. La signification des elements nerveux specifiques et/ou le role de certaines parties de la cellule en un ANE donne est consideree comme de moindre importance.
{e±i(n−1/4)t}n∈N Is Not a Basis of L2[−π,π]

Abstract In connection with showing that Kadec′s 1 4 constant is best possible, the example of { e ± i ( n −1/4) t } n ∈ N as an exact sequence arises, whence {1, e ± i ( n −1/4) t } n ∈ N cannot be a Riesz basis. The question of whether { e ± i ( n −1/4) t } n ∈ N is a basis is resolved in this paper. This problem was brought to our attention by R. M. Young ("An Introduction to Nonharmonic Fourier Series, p. 223, Academic Press, New York/London,1980).