cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Studies of Ordering in the (Pb1‐xBax)(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Crystalline Solution Series

The ordered structures of the (Pb{sub 1{minus}x}Ba{sub x})(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3} crystalline solution series were investigated by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). At low Ba contents (e.g., x 0.60), the ordered structure was characterized by 1/3{l_brace}111{r_brace} superlattice reflections. For intermediate Ba contents (e.g., x = 0.60), diffuse scattering along the {l_brace}111{r_brace} between diffuse {1/2}{l_brace}111{r_brace} and 1/3{l_brace}111{r_brace} reflections was observed. The ordering is attributed to the distribution of the B-site cations between multiple sublattices. Strong fluctuations in the B-site cation ratio between ordered and disordered regions are believed not to exist; however, the possibility of weak fluctuations is consistent with the observed lattice images.
The current medical liability insurance crisis: detailed findings from two ACR surveys in 2003 and 2004.

Purpose To describe radiologists’ experiences and concerns with respect to the professional liability insurance crisis. Methods Data were obtained from two sources: the nationally representative 2003 ACR Survey of Radiologists and the specially undertaken 2004 ACR Malpractice Survey, a two-phase e-mail survey of ACR members. The response rate for the 2003 survey was 63%. For the two phases of the 2004 survey, response rates were low, 9% and 29%, respectively, meaning that responses probably were disproportionately from radiologists especially concerned about malpractice issues. Responses from the 2003 survey were weighted to make data representative of all radiologists in the United States. Data from the 2004 e-mail survey are not representative of all radiologists or of all ACR members. Results On the 2003 survey, 43% of radiologists said that they were less satisfied with their profession than 5 years earlier, and 70% of these cited the medicolegal climate as a major reason. This was the most commonly cited major reason for decreased satisfaction. The medicolegal climate was somewhat less important to breast imaging specialists than to other radiologists. On the 2004 survey, 65% of radiologists reported malpractice premium increases of 25% or more in the past 3 years, and 14% reported that they had stopped performing some types of studies, predominantly mammography, because of malpractice concerns. Nationally, median premiums were $20,000 annually, but the median was $30,000 or more in five states, including four very populous states. Conclusions Malpractice liability and rising premiums are a major concern of radiologists and have led some radiologists to cease interpreting mammograms.
Candida infections in children with HIV disease

The most common fungal infection found in children infected with HIV is from the candida organ ism. This article describes the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the organism. The clinical course of the infection along with the nursing intervention is presented. A brief case presentation illus trates the psychosocial and cultural implications for care.
Soviet Hegemony in Eastern Europe: The Dynamics of Political Autonomy and Military Intervention

Most Western observers have concluded that in the conflicts between the U.S.S.R. and the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe, the Soviets resorted to military intervention only when certain ideological or strategic issues were at stake. This study suggests that in the conflicts between the leaders of the CPSU and the leaders of the Communist Parties of Yugoslavia, Poland, Albania, Rumania, and Czechoslovakia there was only one real issue at stake: control over the local East European party. The adversaries in these struggles have been Muscovite factions dependent on Soviet support and ultimately loyal to Moscow, and domestic factions seeking to base their rule on genuine popular support. What determined whether the Soviets intervened militarily was not the ideological or strategic issue publicly raised by the Soviets, but whether the domestic faction had demonstrated to Moscow the capacity and will to mobilize its country for armed resistance against the Soviets.
Women's Voices: Attitudes and Behaviors of Female Ghanaian Sex Workers Regarding HIV Prevention and AIDS-Related Stigma

Attitudes and behaviors of sex workers have a pivotal influence on the spread of AIDS. A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken to elicit Ghanaian female sex workers’ perspectives regarding effective methods of HIV prevention, sources of AIDS-related stigma, and challenges associated with sex work. Women described that: (1) sex work is hard; (2) they felt God would protect their health; (3) staying safe is both a gift and a priority; (4) sex work allows for autonomy; and (5) AIDS-related stigma is very real. To design effective prevention programs it is necessary to consider the culture and perspectives of those who will be served.
Collisional effects on the electrostatic dust cyclotron instability

A kinetic analysis of the electrostatic dust cyclotron instability in a weakly ionized collisional dusty plasma is presented. In a plasma with negatively charged dust and a current along the magnetic field B, it is found that the instability can be excited by ions drifting along B. The effect of dust-neutral collisions is stabilizing, while the effect of ion-neutral collisions can be destabilizing. Possible applications to laboratory environments are discussed.
Improvement of clinical outcome by early nephrology referral in type II diabetics on hemodialysis.

Objectives. To evaluate the influence of early nephrology referral on clinical outcome in type II diabetes mellitus patients on maintenance hemodialysis dialysis. Patients and Methods. This study retrospectively analyzed the type II diabetic patients entering our PD program from 02 1988 to 06 2001. Patients who were presented to a nephrologist more than 6 months before starting dialysis were defined as early referral (ER). Patients were considered late referral (LR) if they were transferred to the nephrology department within 6 months before initial dialysis. Results. Hundred and fifteen type II diabetic patients receiving HD for at least 3 months were enrolled in this study. Sixteen of the 53 patients (46.1%) were in the ER group and 62 of the 115 (53.9%) were in the LR group. In univariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards mode, the early referral (Exp (Coef) = 0.423, p<0.01), good glycemic control (Exp (Coef) = 0.16, p<0.05), and age at dialysis (Exp (Coef) = 1.026, p<0.05 (had significantly influen...
Chronic Candidiasis of the Rat Tongue: A Possible Model for Human Median Rhomboid Glossitis

Ten female Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated orally with a suspension of viable Candida albicans. Lesions were induced on the posterior midline dorsum of the tongue in seven of ten animals. The clinical and histologic appearance of these lesions was similar to human median rhomboid glossitis.
Narratives of sexual harassment: Organizational dimensions

(1992). Narratives of sexual harassment: Organizational dimensions. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. 20, Telling our stories: Sexual harassment in the communication discipline, pp. 401-418.
Running the rat race

“The industrial revolution was a process of modernisation and automation which began in the late 18 th century, through which mankind finally found true and lasting happiness. By developing a mechanised society which promoted rapid growth and placed an emphasis on material goods, people were at last able to conquer the various psychological and spiritual maladies and feelings of existential despair which characterise the human condition, to emerge as they are today: whole, satisfied, well adjusted creatures, at one with both the natural world and their fellow men. The myriad of technological innovations developed in the early 20 th century by Henry Ford and Thomas Edison, among others, not only made life infinitely less frantic and more enriching, but also ushered in a new, simpler epoch which made people look back on the pre-industrial days and feel glad they never had to live in such alienating chaos. Today, human beings thank the inventors of the endlessly churning assembly line, the idly buzzing fluorescent light, the crowded mass-transit vehicle, and the glowing, cacophonous television screen for making the world a warmer, kinder, happier and more human place in which to live.” “How are you affected by the requirements of efficiency which place value on the product, rather than the process; on the future, rather than the present; and on the present moment which is getting shorter and shorter as we speed faster and faster into the future? What are we speeding towards? Are we saving time? Saving it up for what?”
Technology, Culture, and Environmental Uncertainty: Considering Social Contracts in Adaptive Management

Natural resource planning is often riddled with uncertainty, especially when new technologies are introduced. While an “adaptive management” approach is attractive in such situations, it is difficult to implement where there is a real or perceived decline of the state. Based on a case study of mariculture development in Hawaii, the authors suggest that planners and policy makers consider informal social contracts as complements to formal regulatory frameworks to increase the viability of adaptive management regimes. Discussion includes the benefits as well as potential pitfalls of social contracts where formal regulations may be necessary.
The transcriptional cofactor Lbh regulates angiogenesis and endochondral bone formation during fetal bone development

Lbh is thought to act as a transcriptional cofactor and is highly conserved among species. Here we show that Lbh is expressed in chondrocytes, cells of the perichondrium, and the primary spongiosa in fetal growth plates of mice and chickens. Lbh overexpression in chick wings, using the RCAS-retroviral vector strategy, results in shortened skeletal elements and delayed hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation and bone formation. Additionally, osteoclast and endothelial cell invasion are delayed in the Lbh-overexpressing bones. Finally, we find a dramatic suppression of Runx2 and VEGF mRNAs in chondrocytes and osteoblasts that overexpress Lbh. Strikingly, this abnormal bone development in infected limbs can be rescued by concurrent overexpression of Runx2. These results suggest that during endochondral bone formation, Lbh may negatively regulate vascular invasion and formation of the early ossification center at least in part by interfering with Runx2 and/or VEGF expression.
High power four-way power divider/combiner

A four-way waveguide power divider/combiner has been developed using a radial waveguide. The divider has an insertion loss of less than 0.5 dB and a power balance of +or-0.2 dB over a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz at X-band. A power combiner using this circuit and four Gunn oscillators has been demonstrated with over 70% combining efficiency. The circuit should have applications in millimeter-wave power combining and high-power microwave systems. >
Transcortical sensory aphasia: Revisited and revised

Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA) is characterized by impaired auditory comprehension with intact repetition and fluent speech. We induced TSA transiently by electrical interference during routine cortical function mapping in six adult seizure patients. For each patient, TSA was associated with multiple posterior cortical sites, including the posterior superior and middle temporal gyri, in classical Wernicke's area. A number of TSA sites were immediately adjacent to sites where Wernicke's aphasia was elicited in the same patients. Phonological decoding of speech sounds was assessed by auditory syllable discrimination and found to be intact at all sites where TSA was induced. At a subset of electrode sites where the pattern of language deficits otherwise resembled TSA, naming and word reading remained intact. Language lateralization testing by intracarotid amobarbital injection showed no evidence of independent right hemisphere language. These results suggest that TSA may result from a one-way disruption between left hemisphere phonology and lexical-semantic processing.
Maze router based scheme for rotary clock router

Resonant rotary clocking is a novel clocking technology for low power, high frequency integrated circuits. Rotary clock distribution networks are traditionally designed using regular array topologies of oscillatory rings. In this paper, the design of rotary clock distribution networks using a custom ring topology is investigated. Custom ring topologies permit reduced total wirelength for registers tapping onto the oscillatory rings, impacting overall power dissipation. A maze router based algorithm is developed for implementation of custom topology rotary rings. In experiments performed on UCLA IBM benchmark circuits, an improvement of 13.09% for register tapping wirelength is achieved on average.
Bacterial community shifts during healing of palatal wounds: comparison of two graft harvesting approaches

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the postoperative healing and microbial profile of donor sites of routine and pre-wounded free gingival grafts (FGGs). METHODS Ten volunteers, recruited into a split mouth study, had one side of the palate pre-wounded. Five days later, grafts were harvested from both the pre-wounded and the contra-lateral site (routine graft). Wound healing was assessed on postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 21. Microbiological samples were collected at baseline, graft harvest and the aforementioned postoperative days, and analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for bacterial community profiling. RESULTS On postoperative day 14, 0% of routine and 40% of pre-wounded sites exhibited epithelial closure; 90% of routine and 30% of pre-wounded sites were painful on day 7. Microbial profiles differed significantly between routine and pre-wounded sites at graft harvest and postoperative days 3 and 7. The number of bacterial species increased from surgical intervention to closure. While the number of species in pre-wounded sites was similar from harvest to day 7, the number in routine sites increased. The Shannon diversity and equitability indices showed statistically significant differences between routine and pre-wounded sites for days 3 and 7. CONCLUSIONS Pre-wounding FGG donor sites might accelerate the healing course and wounding the palate was associated with significant bacterial community shifts.
Utility of diffusion‐weighted MRI for differentiating acute from chronic cholecystitis

PURPOSE To assess the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating acute from chronic cholecystitis, in comparison with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver MRI including DWI (b-values 0/500/1000s/mm(2) ) was performed at 1.5T ≤30 days before cholecystectomy in 83 patients with abdominal pain. Two radiologists assessed cases for conventional (gallstones, wall thickening, pericholecystic fluid, pericholecystic fat changes, gallbladder distension, pericholecystic liver enhancement, mural T2 -hyperintensity, mural hyperenhancement, mural striations, abscess, intraluminal membranes, and mural defect) and DWI (increased mural signal on high b-value images, visually low apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], and ADC values) features. RESULTS Acute cholecystitis was present in 43%; chronic cholecystitis was present in 57%. Nine of 12 conventional features were more frequent in acute cholecystitis for both readers (P ≤ 0.003). Increased mural signal on high b-value images was more frequent (P < 0.001) in acute than chronic cholecystitis for R1 (92% vs. 32%) and R2 (83% vs. 30%). Sensitivity and specificity of increased signal on high b-value images were: R1, 92%/68%; R2, 83%/70%. Visually low ADC was more frequent in acute cholecystitis for R2 (P < 0.001) but not R1 (P = 0.406); ADC values were not different between groups for either reader (P = 0.104-0.139). Among conventional and DWI features, only increased signal on high b-value DWI was independently associated with acute cholecystitis for both readers (P = 0.006-0.012). CONCLUSION Visually increased mural signal on high b-value DWI was highly sensitive and moderately specific for acute cholecystitis, being an independent predictor relative to conventional features for both readers. Although requiring larger studies, DWI (particularly the high b-value images) may have additive value relative to conventional MRI-suspected acute cholecystitis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:89-97.
REPRODUCIBILITY AND HEMODYNAMIC DEPENDENCE OF CORONARY PHYSIOLOGIC INDICES

Although fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold-standard for the invasive assessment of epicardial coronary physiology, there has been recent interest in two resting indices, instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and resting distal coronary artery pressure/aortic pressure (Pd/Pa), because they can
Anaphylactic shock in the pertussis vaccinated mouse. II. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids as antigens.

Summary1. Mice immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of H. pertussis and diphtheria toxoid become markedly anaphylactogenic to a challenging dose of toxoid. 2. Under the conditions of the experiments described pertussis vaccine has no enhancing effect on the anaphylactogenicity of tetanus toxoids.
New approach to 3D inversion of MCSEM and MMT data using multinary model transform

Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) surveys have become an important part of offshore hydrocarbon exploration. Magnetotelluric (MT) data are often also recorded by MCSEM receivers at almost no additional cost. In this paper we present a new approach to 3D inversion of MCSEM and MT data called multinary inversion. This method is based upon a transformation of the model parameters and their sensitivities from physical property space to a lithology-based space. In the case of marine EM problem, the multinary inversion exploits conductivity contrasts between different objects of the sea bottom, such as sediments and salt structures, or hydrocarbon and water-filled reservoirs. Our synthetic model study demonstrates that multinary inversion has potential application in the inversion of different types of marine EM data. For the models considered in the paper multinary approach provides better resolution than conventional inversion.
Local Government Pension Fund Management and Budget Stability

Fluctuations in the financial market have introduced tremendous volatility into the financing of public pension plans, which in turn have a destabilizing effect on local government general fund budgets. In this chapter, we explore the reasons behind the volatility in pension financing and its countercyclical effect on local general fund budgets. More specifically, we examine three factors that jointly determine public pension financing: pension benefit design, pension contributions, and investment returns. Most importantly, we look at the effect of investment returns on employer pension contributions—which are financed by local government budgets. Solutions are then suggested as to how to mitigate this volatility in pension financing and its destabilizing effect on local government budgets.
Investigation on Sealing Agent of Aluminium Anodization Film at ambient Temperatures

For the short service life of aluminium anodic oxide coating caused by ineffective sealing,the growth mechanism of coatings was analyzed.An assumption was put forward that F-and Ni2+could generate a complex compound in the micropore to ensure sealing quality.Stoichiometry,colour staining and polarization curve were employed to get the optimum sealing agent and process.The best technical condition is as follows: Ni2+content is 1.1g/L,mass ratio of Ni2+and F-is 177/228,pH value is 6,the sealing temperature is 28℃ and the sealing time is 15 min.It was found by the SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) that there was no nano-pore observed in the sealed anodic oxide coating.And the voltage scanning polarization in neutral NaCl solution showed its better corrosion resistance and that its passivation voltage was in the range of-1.5～0.5V.
Determination of aluminium in foods and its effects on human health

Objective:In order to ensure the measurement results of aluminum in food is accurate and reliable,and improve the understanding of the effect of aluminum on human helth.Methods: According to "Inspection manual for chemical contaminants and harmful factors in food",two different treatment methods were adopted for sample determination.Results: The linear range was obtained between 0.25 μg/ml and 6.0 μg/ml.Linear equation was Y=0.0068+0.18X and correlation coefficient was r=0.9994.RSD value of wet digestion method were between 2.9% and 3.8% and that of dry ashing were between 3.0% and 4.8%.Overall recoveries of wet digestion method were between 92.0% and 100.8% and those of dry ashing were between 82.7% and 93.7%.The pass rate of flour products was 40% and fried snacks was 83.3%.Conclusion: This method was suitable for determination of aluminum in food due to its accuracy,reliability and good reproducibility.The test result showed that flour products contained excessive aluminum,which should be paid more attention.
Abstract IA11: Systematic approaches to understanding cellular metabolism

Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; June 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA mTOR is the target of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin and the central component of a nutrient- and hormone-sensitive signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and proliferation. We now appreciate that this pathway becomes deregulated in many human cancers and has an important role in the control of metabolism and aging. We have identified two distinct mTOR-containing proteins complexes, one of which regulates growth through S6K and another that regulates cell survival through Akt. These complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, define both rapamycin-sensitive and insensitive branches of the mTOR pathway. I will discuss new results from our lab on the regulation and functions of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways. Citation Format: David M. Sabatini. Systematic approaches to understanding cellular metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
A search for new microorganisms in calf pneumonia by the inoculation of gnotobiotic calves.

In a detailed microbiological and pathological study of eight outbreaks of calf pneumonia, which included the inoculation of respiratory material into 18 gnotobiotic calves, a total of five viruses, four species of mycoplasma and 19 species of bacteria were identified. The only microorganism not previously associated with bovine respiratory disease was a Coronavirus. The experimental disease produced in the majority of the gnotobiotic calves by the intratracheal inoculation of unpassaged respiratory material, closely resembled the natural disease. However statistical analysis of the results could not ascribe the disease seen to a single microorganism or to a particular combination of microorganisms. Assuming therefore that no microorganisms were missed in the study, it was concluded that the microbiological cause of the experimental disease lay amongst the organisms already found and that one or more of three other factors, discussed in the paper, accounted for the experimental disease produced.
Advances in berry research: The sixth Biennial Berry Health Benefits Symposium1

Studies to advance the potential health benefits of berries continue to increase as was evident at the sixth biennial meeting of the Berry Health Benefits Symposium (BHBS). The two and a half-day symposium was held on October 13-15, 2015, in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. The 2015 BHBS featured new and emerging research further bolstering the positive biological effects of berry consumption on human health, performance, and disease prevention. The papers presented at the 2015 BHBS consisted of invited papers from an international group of leading berry researchers, as well as poster abstracts. Oral sessions were organized around themes including heart health, cancer prevention, gut health/gut microflora, brain aging, metabolism, and berry compositional chemistry. These thematic health areas, while not exhaustive, encompass the more prominent research success stories on berries, the vast majority of which are backed by published animal and human studies. Similar to the past meetings, the research findings at the 2015 BHBS primarily focused on blackberries, blueberries, black raspberries, cranberries, red raspberries, and strawberries. However, research on other berry fruits, including chokeberry (aronia berry), cloudberry, blue honeysuckle berry, bilberry, jamun berry, and elderberry, was also featured as was data on major classes of berry polyphenols/phytochemicals including anthocyanins and other flavonoids and their in vivo derived metabolites. The BHBS continues to be a leading forum for interactions between scientists and berry industry stakeholders. The cluster of papers in this issue represents a snapshot of presentations at the 2015 BHBS which support the positive biological effects of berries on human health and diseases.
Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und Stand der Technik

In diesem Kapitel werden die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und der aktuelle Stand der Technik vor dem Hintergrund der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht. Zunachst richtet sich die Betrachtung auf Grundlagen des Produktentstehungsprozesses, welcher den prozessualen Rahmen fur eine virtuelle Absicherung durch Fabrikgesamtmodelle bildet. Anschliesend wird der Schwerpunkt auf die Produktionsplanung gelegt, die einen Teilprozess innerhalb des Produktentstehungsprozesses darstellt und sich zu der Fabrikplanung zuordnen lasst. Danach erfolgt eine Betrachtung des aktuellen Stands der Technik innerhalb der Digitalen Fabrik hinsichtlich der Fabrikgesamtmodelle.
Early Sociological Investigations of the American Dream

Within the USA, sociology emerged as a new science for the study of man and society in the late nineteenth century. Its earliest progenitors examined how Americans lived, with special attention to the burgeoning urban environments that marked the era. W.E.B. Du Bois’ study of the Philadelphia Negro, Jane Addams’ investigations of urban Chicago around her settlement house, and Thomas and Znaniecki’s examination of Polish immigrant families here and in their native land, revealed the convergent forces that influenced the ways in which Americans lived then. Their investigations explored narrative themes that continue to inspire the manner in which Americans conceptualize and pursue their lives even today.
Magnetically anisotropic additive for scalable manufacturing of polymer nanocomposite: Iron-Coated carbon nanotubes

Novel nanoparticles additives for polymer nanocomposites were prepared by coating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with ferromagnetic iron (Fe) layers, so that their micro-structures can be bulk-controlled by external magnetic field application. Application of magnetic fields is a promising, scalable method to deliver bulk amount of nanocomposites while maintaining organized nanoparticle assembly throughout the uncured polymer matrix. In this work, Fe layers (~18 nm thick) were deposited on CNTs (~38 nm diameter and ~50 μm length) to form thin films with high aspect ratio, resulting in a dominance of shape anisotropy and thus high coercivity of ~50–100 Oe. The Fe-coated CNTs were suspended in water and applied with a weak magnetic field of ~75 G, and yet preliminary magnetic assembly was confirmed. Our results demonstrate that the fabricated Fe-coated CNTs are magnetically anisotropic and effectively respond to magnetic fields that are ~103 times smaller than other existing work (~105 G). We anticipate this work will pave the way for effective property enhancement and bulk application of CNT–polymer nanocomposites, through controlled micro-structure and scalable manufacturing.
Comparing the 2,2′‐Biphenylenedithiophosphinate Binding of Americium with Neodymium and Europium

Advancing our understanding of the minor actinides (Am, Cm) versus lanthanides is key for developing advanced nuclear-fuel cycles. Herein, we describe the preparation of (NBu4 )Am[S2 P((t) Bu2 C12 H6 )]4 and two isomorphous lanthanide complexes, namely one with a similar ionic radius (i.e., Nd(III) ) and an isoelectronic one (Eu(III) ). The results include the first measurement of an Am-S bond length, with a mean value of 2.921(9) A, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Comparison with the Eu(III) and Nd(III) complexes revealed subtle electronic differences between the complexes of Am(III) and the lanthanides.
Dietary marine-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk: a mini review

Regular fish/fish oil consumption is widely recommended for protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Fish and other marine life are rich sources of the cardioprotective long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3; DHA). The lipid content and fatty acid profile of fish, however, vary greatly among different fish species. In addition to n-3 PUFA, certain fish, such as saury, pollock, and herring, also contain high levels of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA), with aliphatic tails longer than 18 C atoms (i.e., C20:1 and C22:1 isomers). Compared with well-studied n-3 PUFA, limited information, however, is available on the health benefits of marine-derived LCMUFA, particularly in regard to CVD. Our objective in this review is to summarize the current knowledge and provide perspective on the potential therapeutic value of dietary LCMUFA-rich marine oil for improving CVD risk factors. We will also review the possible mechanisms of LCMUFA action on target tissues. Finally, we describe the epidemiologic data and small-scaled clinical studies that have been done on marine oils enriched in LCMUFA. Although there are still many unanswered questions about LCMUFA, this appears to be promising new area of research that may lead to new insights into the health benefits of a different component of fish oils besides n-3 PUFA.
A Wide-Band High-Gain Compact SIS Receiver Utilizing a 300- $\mu$W SiGe IF LNA

Low-power low-noise amplifiers integrated with superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) mixers are required to enable implementation of large-scale focal plane arrays. In this work, a 220-GHz SIS mixer has been integrated with a high-gain broad-band low-power IF amplifier into a compact receiver module. The low noise amplifier (LNA) was specifically designed to match to the SIS output impedance and contributes less than 7 K to the system noise temperature over the 4–8 GHz IF frequency range. A receiver noise temperature of 30–45 K was measured for a local oscillator frequency of 220 GHz over an IF spanning 4–8 GHz. The LNA power dissipation was only 300 $\mu$ W. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the lowest power consumption reported for a high-gain wide-band LNA directly integrated with an SIS mixer.
Alternative Assessment in Middle Schools

the ERIC Clearinghouse on Assess ment and Evaluation, Catholic University of America, 210 O'Boyle Hall, Washington DC 20064-4035; telephone 202-319-5120; fax 202 342-5033; Internet eric_ae@cua.edu. ERIC/ AE makes available a packet of information on performance assessment which contains ERIC Digests and a short bibliography; also available are ERIC Digests on authentic as sessment and on assessing civics education. Contact ERIC/AE for copies.
The Power Elite in historical context: a reevaluation of Mills’s thesis, then and now

This article presents a reevaluation of C. Wright Mills’s classic book, The Power Elite, in light of recent historical evidence about the changing nature of the corporate elite in the United States. I argue that Mills’s critique of the mid-twentieth century American elite, although trenchant and in large part appropriate, fails to acknowledge the extent to which business leaders of that era adopted a moderate and pragmatic approach to politics. Operating with an orientation they termed “enlightened self-interest,” the elites of that era promoted policies that—at least to an extent—served the interests of the larger population. I show how the history of the American corporate elite as well as the character of the current US big business community allows us to gain a clearer perspective on the actions of the group’s mid-century counterparts.
Pathway design using de novo steps through uncharted biochemical spaces

Existing retrosynthesis tools generally traverse production routes from a source to a sink metabolite using known enzymes or de novo steps. Generally, important considerations such as blending known transformations with putative steps, complexity of pathway topology, mass conservation, cofactor balance, thermodynamic feasibility, microbial chassis selection, and cost are largely dealt with in a posteriori fashion. The computational procedure we present here designs bioconversion routes while simultaneously considering any combination of the aforementioned design criteria. First, we track and codify as rules all reaction centers using a prime factorization-based encoding technique (rePrime). Reaction rules and known biotransformations are then simultaneously used by the pathway design algorithm (novoStoic) to trace both metabolites and molecular moieties through balanced bio-conversion strategies. We demonstrate the use of novoStoic in bypassing steps in existing pathways through putative transformations, assembling complex pathways blending both known and putative steps toward pharmaceuticals, and postulating ways to biodegrade xenobiotics.
Predictors of the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A North Carolina Cohort

Background and aimsThis study investigated timing of diagnosis for African American (n = 50) and European American (n = 118) children with autism spectrum disorder in a North Carolina sample.MethodsUsing survey methods, a total of 168 North Carolina families were recruited.ResultsThe two racially diverse groups did not differ significantly in the age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (African American: M = 49.72, SD = 25.83; European American: M = 43.78, SD = 20.16; t(75) = 1.45, p = .15, 95% CI [−14.10, 2.22], d = .27; BF10 = .582). Exploratory analyses revealed that within the African American sample, the age of diagnosis was positively correlated with parental ratings of Social Motivation from the Social Responsiveness Scale (r = .30, p 0.05) for the European American sample. Additionally, children who received another initial diagnostic label had a later age of diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder. This finding ha...
Isolated Medial Orbital Wall Fracture Associated with Enophthalmos in a Paediatric Patient: An Unusual Presentation

Purpose To report a case of isolated medial orbital wall fracture with enophthalmos in a paediatric patient and describe the clinical presentation and findings by means of computed tomography (CT) of the head and eyes. Methods We looked at the patient's medical and ophthalmologic history, and an ophthalmologic examination and a CT of the head were performed at baseline. Results A 14-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department of our institution with ecchymosis of his right eyelids secondary to a sport accident. Physical examination revealed a moderate limitation of upgaze without diplopia. CT showed a medial orbital wall fracture without haemorrhage and a gross accumulation of air in the right eyelid with pressure exertion over the right globe and enophthalmos. The patient was treated conservatively with oral antibiotics and steroids showing dramatic improvement within 1 week. Enophthalmos and periorbital emphysema were completely resolved within 3 months after the accident as indicated by CT. Conclusions We conclude that surgical intervention and intravenous treatment are not warranted in similar cases of medial orbital wall fracture. Medical history, clinical and paraclinical evaluations, and a regular follow-up, including CT, are needed though to avoid complications such as painful abduction, horizontal diplopia, pseudo sixth nerve paresis, or pseudo Duane.
Quantifying the Effects of Fungicides and Tillage on Cercospora sojina Severity and Yield of Soybean

A field study was conducted in 2014 through 2016 at the University of Tennessee Research and Education Center, Milan, TN, to determine fungicide effects on frogeye leaf spot (FLS) caused by Cercosp...
Comments on Reengineering Engineering Education

Towner issued a call in this journal for reengineering engineering education, by drawing an analogy between (i) the of transforming raw materials into products, carried out in a factory, and (ii) the education of entering students to transform them into professionals who meet the accreditation requirements of their profession, carried out in a university. Towner then proposed the optimization of the educational process by applying the usual manufacturing engineering principles, particularly the elimination of non-value-added steps of processing, to the educational enterprise.
Getting Comfortable with Collective Knowledge

The collective knowledge doctrine is the foremost contender for patching the deficiencies of respondent superior when it comes to attributing knowledge states to corporations. It has yet to win many supporters, among courts or scholars. This short paper proposes a new diagnosis of the problem. There is an unacknowledged inconsistency between how courts formulate the collective knowledge doctrine and how they apply it. The former is very limited; the latter is potentially very expansive. I argue that the gap between these two variants conceals what is really worrisome about the doctrine — hidden judicial discretion in how knowledge gets attributed to corporations. It is only by drawing attention to this discretion and thinking about how to constrain it that the collective knowledge doctrine will have any chance of persuading detractors.
Patient-Experience Data and Bias - What Ratings Don't Tell Us.

Patient-Experience Data and Bias Although patient-experience data are important to U.S. health care organizations, the best way to interpret them remains elusive, in part because such variables as ...
Configurations of Autonomy and Financial Performance of the Entrepreneurial SME: A CATA Approach

Autonomy is theorized as a dimension of entrepreneurial orientation, but performance impact of this dimension has been under-researched. Autonomy is generally associated with large organizations wi...
On the Connectivity of Inhomogeneous Random K-out Graphs

We investigate the connectivity of inhomogeneous random K-out graphs, denoted ℍ(n;μ,K n ), where each of the n nodes is assigned to a class i = 1, …, r independently according to a probability distribution μ = {μ 1 , …, μ r }. Each class-i node chooses K i,n distinct nodes uniformly at random from among all other nodes. A pair of nodes are adjacent in ℍ(n;μ,K n ) if at least one selects the other. Without loss of generality, we assume that K 1,n ≤ K 2,n ≤ … ≤ K r,n . From earlier results on homogeneous random K-out graphs (where all nodes choose the same number K of nodes), it is known that ℍ(n;μ,K n ) is connected with high probability (whp) if K n ≥ 2. In this paper, we study the case where K 1,n = 1 and seek conditions on K 2,n , …, K r,n , and μ such that the resulting graph is connected. We show that ℍ(n;μ,K n ) is connected whp if K r,n is chosen such that lim n→∞ K r,n = ∞. However, any bounded choice of the sequence K r,n gives a positive probability of ℍ(n;μ,K n ) being not connected. A numerical study is provided to validate our results in the finite node regime.
Parental Education May Differentially Impact Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype Risk.

BACKGROUND The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (PIBDs: Crohn's disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC]) is on the rise around the world. Yet, the critical risk factors for this rising incidence are not well understood. Demographic characteristics of PIBD may improve our understanding of their developmental origins and aid in prevention. METHODS Four hundred eighty-eight consecutive PIBD patients diagnosed at Texas Children's Hospital from 13 counties around Houston were studied. An annual incidence map was created by ZIP code of residence at diagnosis by using ArcGIS and the American Community Survey from the US Census Bureau. Correlation between demographic variables and PIBD incidence was examined. A model to explain incidence from different health factors was created in R. RESULTS Hispanic children were more likely to be diagnosed with UC (P < 0.01) and unclassified IBD (IBD-U) (P < 0.03) compared with other races/ethnicities. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001) between median household income and PIBD incidence was observed (UC: r = 0.23, P < 0.0001; CD: r = 0.22, P = 0.0004). ZIP codes with majority college-educated adults had a higher incidence of PIBD than ZIP codes with majority high school-educated adults (P < 0.0001). Pediatric cases with CD were more common in ZIP codes where the majority of adults were college educated (P < 0.0001). Pediatric cases with UC, however, were more common in ZIP codes where the majority of adults were high school educated (P = 0.0036). CONCLUSIONS Hispanic children more commonly present with UC and IBD-U in southern USA. Household income and/or adult education-related environmental/dietary differences may be important in the developmental origins of PIBD in large metro areas, such as Houston.
Mitsunobu gets a makeover.

Nucleophiles directly substitute alcohols in the Mitsunobu reaction, but the process uses hazardous materials and generates an excessive amount of toxic waste. More than 50 years on from its initial discovery, chemists report a new catalytic version of the reaction, with water as the only by-product.
Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin in foods.

A short procedure for the extraction of staphylococcal enterotoxins from food materials has been developed. The procedure involves extraction of the food at pH 4.5, centrifugation, extraction of the supernatant with CHCl3 (pH 7.5), extraction of the enterotoxin from the water layer with CG-50 ion exchange resin (pH 5.4 to 5.9), and treatment of the eluate with agar and concentration with Carbowax 20-M. The concentrate was extracted with CHCl3, and the water layer was lyophilized. The dried material was dissolved in a 1% trypsin solution and placed on microslides, which were incubated 24 h at 37 C. The time required for enterotoxin analysis was 3 days with microslides and 1 day with the reversed passive hemagglutination technique.
Utilizing Opportunistic Social Networks for Remote Patient Monitoring in Rural Areas.

The use of Internet connectivity for remote patient monitoring is often unsuitable for rural communities where Internet infrastructure is lacking, and power outages are frequent. This paper explores the rural connectivity problem in the context of remote patient monitoring and analyzes the feasibility of utilizing a delay tolerant network (DTN) architecture that leverages the social behaviors of rural community members to enable out-of-range monitoring of patients in rural communities without local transportation systems. The feasibility is characterized using delivery latency and delivery rate with the number of participants and the number of sources as variables. The architecture is evaluated for Owingsville, KY using U.S. Census Bureau, the National Cancer Institute's, and IPUMS ATUS sample data. The findings show that within a 24 hour window, there is an exponential relationship between the number of participants in the network and the delivery rate with a minimal delivery of 38.7%, a maximal delivery rate of a 100% and an overall average delivery rate of 89.8%.
Eosinophilic esophagitis with extremely high esophageal eosinophil counts.

Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and extremely high esophageal eosinophilia have a distinct endotype defined by more severe atopic, endoscopic, histologic, and transcriptomic features.
Regulation of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene expression by Stat1-independent type I interferon signaling and respiratory viruses

Abstract Respiratory virus infection is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Activation of the Jak-Stat pathway by Interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-α/β) in lung epithelial cells is critical for innate immunity to respiratory viruses. Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that transcriptional regulation by IFN-α/β required the formation of Interferon-stimulated gene factor-3 (ISGF-3) complex consisting of Stat1, Stat2, and Irf9 transcription factors. Furthermore, IFN α/β receptor activates multiple signal transduction pathways in parallel to the Jak-Stat pathway and induces several transcription factors at mRNA levels resulting in the secondary and tertiary rounds of transcription. Transcriptional factor profiling in the transcriptome and RNA analysis revealed that Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) was rapidly induced by IFN-α/β and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in multiple cell types. Studies in mutant cell lines lacking components of the ISGF-3 complex revealed that IFN-β induction of Egr-1 was independent of Stat1, Stat2, or Irf9. Activation of the Mek/Erk-1/2 pathway was implicated in the rapid induction of Egr-1 by IFN-β in serum-starved mouse lung epithelial cells. Interrogation of multiple microarray datasets revealed that respiratory viruses including coronaviruses regulated Egr-1 expression in human lung cell lines. Furthermore, Egr-1 inducible genes including transcription factors, mediators of cell growth, and chemokines were differentially regulated in the human lung cell lines after coronavirus infection, and in the lung biopsies of COVID-19 patients. Rapid induction by interferons, TLR ligands, and respiratory viruses suggests a critical role for Egr-1 in antiviral response and inflammation with potential implications for human health and disease.
Impact of losses on the negative index behavior in a chiral dielectric and tradeoffs between dielectric and magnetic losses toward zero effective attenuation

Negative refractive index is introduced in metamaterials whereby the Poynting vector of the electromagnetic (EM) wave is in opposition to the group velocity, or alternatively, when the group and phase velocities in the medium are in opposition. In recent years, considerable research has been carried out relative to the EM propagation and refraction characteristics in metamaterials with emphasis on the origins of negative refractive index. The latter phenomenon has been extensively investigated in the literature, including recent work involving chiral metamaterials with material dispersion up to the first and second orders. An EM propagation in a chiral, dispersive material up to the first order is examined for possible emergence of negative refractive index under non-conductive losses. Three loss scenarios are considered, viz., dielectric losses (complex permittivity), magnetic losses (complex permeability), and a combination of both types of losses. A spectral approach combined with a slowly time-varying phasor analysis is applied, leading to the analytic derivation of EM phase and group velocities and corresponding indices. The velocities and indices are examined by selecting arbitrary dispersion parameters based on published practical values. The results indicate the emergence of negative index within specific radio frequency modulation bands. The resulting polarization states of the fields are examined under loss conditions. Finally, a method is suggested whereby the effects of dielectric and magnetic losses may be combined via appropriate Taylor coefficients such that the effective attenuation constant may be driven to zero via induced gain mechanisms arising from the dielectric and magnetic loss models.
Cesarean delivery at term for non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing: risk factors and predictability.

To delineate risk factors for adverse outcomes among those who underwent cesarean delivery (CD) for non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing (NRFHT) and ascertain whether neonatal or maternal morbid...