Azole Antifungal Agents

1. Ee Tein Tay, MD 1. Albert Einstein College of Medicine Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, NY Update on Antifungal Agents . Wellington M, Gigliotti F. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20 :993– 995[OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] Antifungal Agents. Part II. The Azoles . Terrell CL. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74 :78– 100[OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5][PubMed][6][Web of Science][7] Current and Emerging Azole Antifungal Agents . Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12 :40– 79[OpenUrl][8][Abstract/FREE Full Text][9] Antimicrobial Agents . In: Bennett JE, ed. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001 Antifungal Agents: Mode of Action, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Correlation of These Mechanisms With Bacterial Resistance . Ghannoum MA, Rice LB. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12 :501– 517[OpenUrl][10][Abstract/FREE Full Text][11] Azole antifungals consist of two primary classes: imidazoles and triazoles. Both classes are fungistatic agents and share similar mechanisms of action. The azoles interfere with the synthesis and permeability of fungal cell membranes by inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent 14-alpha-sterol demethylase. This enzyme is required for the synthesis of ergosterol, the major sterol of most fungal cell membranes. The loss of cell membrane integrity inhibits cell division by causing intracellular swelling and interferes with cellular adhesion and epithelial penetration by allowing the protrusion of cytoplasm through the membrane. Currently available imidazoles include clotrimazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BPediatric%2Binfectious%2Bdisease%2Bjournal%26rft.stitle%253DPediatr%2BInfect%2BDis%2BJ%26rft.aulast%253DWellington%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D20%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D993%26rft.epage%253D995%26rft.atitle%253DUpdate%2Bon%2Bantifungal%2Bagents.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11642635%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11642635&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F26%2F1%2F20.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000171529500012&link_type=ISI [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DMayo%2BClinic%2BProceedings%26rft.stitle%253DMayo%2BClin%2BProc.%26rft.issn%253D0025-6196%26rft.aulast%253DTerrell%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%2BL.%26rft.volume%253D74%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D78%26rft.epage%253D100%26rft.atitle%253DAntifungal%2Bagents.%2BPart%2BII.%2BThe%2Bazoles.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.4065%252F74.1.78%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9987539%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.4065/74.1.78&link_type=DOI [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=9987539&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F26%2F1%2F20.atom [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000078146600013&link_type=ISI [8]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DClinical%2BMicrobiology%2BReviews%26rft.stitle%253DClin.%2BMicrobiol.%2BRev.%26rft.issn%253D0893-8512%26rft.aulast%253DSheehan%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D12%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D40%26rft.epage%253D79%26rft.atitle%253DCurrent%2Band%2BEmerging%2BAzole%2BAntifungal%2BAgents%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9880474%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [9]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=cmr&resid=12/1/40&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F26%2F1%2F20.atom [10]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DClinical%2BMicrobiology%2BReviews%26rft.stitle%253DClin.%2BMicrobiol.%2BRev.%26rft.issn%253D0893-8512%26rft.aulast%253DGhannoum%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D12%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D501%26rft.epage%253D517%26rft.atitle%253DAntifungal%2BAgents%253A%2BMode%2Bof%2BAction%252C%2BMechanisms%2Bof%2BResistance%252C%2Band%2BCorrelation%2Bof%2BThese%2BMechanisms%2Bwith%2BBacterial%2BResistance%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10515900%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [11]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=cmr&resid=12/4/501&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F26%2F1%2F20.atom