cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One-level prediction—A numerical method for estimating undiscovered metal endowment

One-level prediction has been developed as a numerical method for estimating undiscovered metal endowment within large areas. The method is based on a presumed relationship between a numerical measure of geologic favorability and the spatial distribution of metal endowment. Metal endowment within an unexplored area for which the favorability measure is greater than a favorability threshold level is estimated to be proportional to the area of that unexplored portion. The constant of proportionality is the ratio of the discovered endowment found within a suitably chosen control region, which has been explored, to the area of that explored region. In addition to the estimate of undiscovered endowment, a measure of the error of the estimate is also calculated. One-level prediction has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan basin, New Mexico, U.S.A. A subroutine to perform the necessary calculations is included.
Some optimal partial-unit-memory codes (Corresp.)

A new class of time-invariant binary convolutional codes is defined, called partial-unit-memory codes. These codes are optimal in the sense of having maximum free distance for given values of R, k (the number of encoder inputs), and \mu (the number of encoder memory cells). New optimal codes are given for rates R=l/4, 1/3, 1/2, \and 2/3 with \mu \leq 4 \and k \leq \mu + \3 , whenever such a code is better than previously known An infinite class of optimal partial-unit-memory codes is also constructed based on equidistant block codes.
Evaluation of the tumor-initiating activity of 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-fluorobenzo[b]fluoranthene in mouse skin

Benzo[b]fluoranthene and 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-fluorobenzo[b]fluoranthene were evaluated for tumor-initiating activity in mouse skin. These fluorinated benzo[b]fluoranthene derivatives were assayed at doses of 400, 120, 40, and 10 nmol per mouse. Similar tumorigenic activity was observed for benzo[b]fluoranthene and 5-fluorobenzo[b]fluoranthene. While 4-fluorobenzo[b]fluoranthene did produce a significant tumorigenic response at each dose assayed, substantially fewer tumors per mouse were observed compared to benzo[b]fluoranthene at initiator doses at or above 120 nmol. Only moderate tumorigenic activity was observed for 6- and 7-fluorobenzo[b]fluoranthene. Both of these fluorinated derivatives were significantly less tumorigenic (P < 0.05) than 4-fluorobenzo[b]fluoranthene when administered at initiator doses at or below 120 nmol. These results were unanticipated in view of data which indicate that metabolism of trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo[b]-fluoranthene to trans-9,10-dihydro-5,9,10-trihydroxybenzo[b]fluoranthene represents a principal activation mechanism of benzo[b]fluoranthene in mouse skin. The potential of fluorine substitution not only to inhibit metabolism, but also to alter the genotoxic activity of those metabolites which do form could explain the tumorigenic activity observed with these fluorinated derivatives of benzo[b]fluoranthene. These data suggest caution in the interpretation of results based exclusively upon the assumption that the only influence of fluorine substitution is inhibition of the formation of specific metabolites.
Nonprofit Commercial Revenue: A Replacement for Declining Government Grants and Private Contributions?

This article examines whether there has been an increase in nonprofit commercial revenue and if so whether declines in government grants and private contributions were behind the rise. A number of ...
Dynamic satellite geodesy

It is pointed out that during the time since the last quadrennial report dynamic satellite geodesy has been continually refined with several new and independent solutions for the gravity field and station coordination. The generalized geoid seems to be known to about 3 m. Satellite-to-satellite tracking has been investigated as a means of determining the fine structure of the gravity field. The earth tide continues to be studied with satellite perturbation analysis. Investigations of polar motion are also considered.
Collapse of spin splitting in the quantum Hall effect

It is known experimentally that at not very large filling factors \ensuremath{\nu} the quantum Hall conductivity peaks corresponding to the same Landau level number N and two different spin orientations are well separated. These peaks occur at half-integer filling factors \ensuremath{\nu}=2N+1/2 and \ensuremath{\nu}=2N+3/2 so that the distance \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu} between them is unity. As \ensuremath{\nu} increases \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu} shrinks. Near certain N=${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$ two peaks merge into a single peak at \ensuremath{\nu}=2N+1. We argue that this collapse of the spin splitting at low magnetic fields is attributed to the disorder-induced destruction of the exchange enhancement of the electron g factor. We use the mean-field approach to show that in the limit of zero Zeeman energy \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu} experiences a second-order phase transition as a function of the magnetic field. We give explicit expressions for ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$ in terms of a sample's parameters. For example, we predict that for high-mobility heterostructures ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$=0.9${\mathit{dn}}^{5/6}$${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/3}$, where d is the spacer width, n is the density of the two-dimensional electron gas, and ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}}$ is the two-dimensional density of randomly situated remote donors.
The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit

Abstract The Drenchwater shale-hosted Zn–Pb–Ag deposit and the immediate vicinity, on the northern flank of the Brooks Range in north-central Alaska, is an ideal example of a naturally low pH system. The two drainages, Drenchwater and False Wager Creeks, which bound the deposit, differ in their acidity and metal contents. Moderately acidic waters with elevated concentrations of metals (pH ⩾ 4.3, Zn ⩽ 1400 μg/L) in the Drenchwater Creek drainage basin are attributed to weathering of an exposed base-metal-rich massive sulfide occurrence. Stream sediment and water chemistry data collected from False Wager Creek suggest that an unexposed base-metal sulfide occurrence may account for the lower pH (2.7–3.1) and very metal-rich waters (up to 2600 μg/L Zn, ⩽ 260 μg/L Cu and ⩽89 μg/L Tl) collected at least 2 km upstream of known mineralized exposures. These more acidic conditions produce jarosite, schwertmannite and Fe-hydroxides commonly associated with acid-mine drainage. The high metal concentrations in some water samples from both streams naturally exceed Alaska state regulatory limits for freshwater aquatic life, affirming the importance of establishing base-line conditions in the event of human land development. The studies at the Drenchwater deposit demonstrate that poor water quality can be generated through entirely natural weathering of base-metal occurrences, and, possibly unmineralized black shale.
Effects of mixing-induced irradiance fluctuations on photosynthesis of natural assemblages of coastal phytoplankton

Photosynthesis versus irradiance relations were determined from field incubations of natural assemblages of phytoplankton that were either cycled at three different rates between the surface and a depth of 5 m or kept at constant depths. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis was not observed in the bottles kept at constant depths during 3.5-h experiments. Photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) curves derived from bottles kept at constant depths and the irradiance time course received by each of the cycled bottles were used to predict photosynthesis within each of the cycled bottles. P-I curves derived from measurements under relatively constant irradiance accurately predicted the mean photosynthetic response of phytoplankton that experienced large fluctuations in irradiance.
Giant cell tumor: rapid recurrence after cessation of long-term denosumab therapy

We report a case of rapid recurrence of a giant cell tumor (GCT) of the distal radius in a 24-year-old woman following the cessation of long-term denosumab therapy. GCT of bone is a histologically benign tumor with multinucleated giant cells on a background of mononuclear giant cells usually presenting as a well-defined epi-metaphyseal lytic lesion without sclerotic margins. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), has proven to be an effective neoadjuvant treatment for GCT. The tumor in this case had demonstrated a good response with sustained control for over 2 years while on denosumab therapy. However, within 2 months of cessation of therapy, the tumor demonstrated rapid recurrence and progression with growth, osteolysis, and increased soft tissue component. Despite reinitiating denosumab therapy, there was progressive tumor growth and destruction, ultimately necessitating below-the-elbow amputation. This case illustrates the need for maintenance of denosumab therapy for GCT of bone or definitive surgical treatment prior to its cessation.
Proline-induced inhibition of glutamate release in hippocampal area CA1.

Abstract Concentrations of proline typical of human CSF have been shown to potentiate transmission at Schaffer collateral–commissural synapses on CA1 pyramidal cells of the rat hippocampus. This study tested the hypothesis that proline enhances excitatory synaptic transmission by increasing glutamate release. Two concentrations of proline were used: a concentration typical of normal human CSF (3 μM) and a concentration typical of CSF in persons with the genetic disorder hyperprolinemia type II (30 μM). Continuous exposure of hippocampal slices to either concentration of proline potentiated Schaffer collateral–commissural synaptic transmission. Proline shifted the plot of field EPSP slope against fiber volley amplitude upward. Contrary to the original hypothesis, neither concentration of proline reduced paired-pulse facilitation; 30 μM proline enhanced paired-pulse facilitation, whereas 3 μM proline had no effect. In line with its enhancement of paired-pulse facilitation, 30 μM proline reduced both the K+-evoked release of glutamate and aspartate from CA1 slices and the release of glutamate and aspartate from CA1 synaptosomes evoked by 4-aminopyridine. These results suggest that the proline-induced potentiation of Schaffer collateral–commissural synaptic transmission probably involves a postsynaptic, rather than a presynaptic, mechanism. Concentrations of proline normally found in human CSF little affect glutamate release. However, proline-induced inhibition of glutamate release may contribute to the neuropsychiatric disorders associated with hyperprolinemia type II.
Hepatotoxic effects in a child receiving valproate and carnitine

l -Carnitine supplementation has been recommended to prevent the fatal hepatotoxic effects associated with valproic acid. We report on a child with fatal valproate-related hepatotoxic effects despite this supplementation.
Structure and dynamics of concentration fluctuations in a polymer blend solution under shear flow

The technique of small-angle light scattering (SALS) has been employed to investigate the time-dependent behavior of a single-phase, semidilute solution of polystyrene and polybutadiene in dioctyl phthalate under shear flow. Concentration fluctuations in the polymer blend solution are found to grow with time in the direction of flow, and their orientation angles evolve from 45° from the flow direction toward 0°, with the steady-state value being dependent on shear rate. SALS patterns are simulated using a modified Cahn-Hilliard-Cook model, with an additional collective restoring force to account for polymer elasticity. Predictions from this modified model for the orientation angles of the concentration fluctuations are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Our model also predicts that the quiescent structure factor has a Gaussian form and that the steady-state orientation of the scattering patterns is dependent on shear rate. These predictions are also in good agreement with our experimental observations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Complex coordination in diachrony: Two Sogeram case studies

This paper presents two innovations in the clause chaining system of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. In the first, chain-final morphology was reanalyzed as chain-medial morphology with different-subject switch reference meaning. In the second, common collocations of two verbs in a clause chain were reanalyzed as constituting a single compound verb stem. Previously, scholars held that increased structural integration of clauses necessarily results in structural asymmetry (that is, subordination), but the Sogeram data show that this need not always be the case. The cross-linguistic impulse towards increased integration is realized in both innovations, but the impulse towards asymmetry is only realized in the first. This paper thus argues that with coordinate source constructions such as these clause chains, one clause may become subordinate to the other, but the clauses may also retain their coordinate relationship as they become more integrated.
The narrow line region of active galaxies. III: Profile comparisons

On presente des observations de haute dispersion de differents profils de raies d'emission etroites pour un echantillon de neuf galaxies actives, Seyfert 2 pour la plupart. On combine ces observations a celles de De Robertis et Osterbrock, Filippenko et Halpern et Pelat et coll. pour constituer un echantillon de 23 galaxies actives dont 8 sont des Seyfert 2, 5 des Seyfert 1, 9 des Seyfert intermediaires et une LINER. On propose des modeles simples puis des modeles plus realistes pour les regions d'emission
Operating air velocities for fiber separation from corn flour using the Elusieve process

Abstract Fiber separation from corn flour could increase ethanol productivity and increase energy value as feed for non-ruminants (swine and poultry). Elusieve process, a combination of sieving and air classification, has been found to be effective in separating fiber. The objectives of this study were to determine the operating air velocities for corn particles and to compare physical properties of corn particles with that of DDGS particles from an earlier study. The operating air velocities for large, medium and small corn size fractions were 2.9–3.8, 2.8–3.0 and 2.5–2.6 m/s, respectively. Densities of nonfiber particles for corn flour were higher than for DDGS (earlier study). Compared to DDGS, the difference between fiber and nonfiber particle terminal velocities was higher for corn, which signifies relative ease of operability for fiber separation from corn flour.
Respiratory depression after intrathecal narcotics

Three out of six patients who had received 1 mg of morphine and 0.22 ml plain bupivacaine 0.5%/segment as a subarachnoid spinal anaesthetic developed serious and delayed respiratory depression on several occasions. This was reversed by intravenous naloxone. It is postulated that the morphine had diffused to the level of the cisterna magnum and thence through brain tissue around the fourth ventricle. Naloxone did not reverse the analgesia.
Short communication: Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in human placenta

Abstract It has been shown that cytosol from human term placenta contains cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity. This cytosolic epoxide hydrolase was enriched more than 700-fold by affinity chromatography and appears similar to the enzyme from mouse and human liver in terms of molecular mass ( M r 59 000) and antigenic reactivity.
Are Caribbean MPAs making progress toward their goals and objectives

Abstract Regional efforts have increased the number and amount of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Caribbean, yet few studies have examined how these MPAs are progressing toward their goals and objectives. Using social and ecological data from a rapid assessment of 31 MPAs and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean, this study investigates (1) the stated social and ecological objectives of MPAs; (2) the extent to which MPAs are making progress toward their stated social and ecological objectives; and (3) tradeoffs in progress toward social and ecological objectives. Findings indicate that Caribbean MPAs have multiple objectives related to both social and ecological conditions, and that most MPAs are making at least some progress towards achieving these objectives. Those MPAs with stated objectives to promote education and serve as a model for other MPAs seem to be making good progress on these objectives, while those with the objective of reducing conflict are not. Where MPAs are not meeting their goals and objectives, planners and managers should consider reallocating human and financial resources to address deficiencies and re-evaluating existing goals and objectives. It is important to consider how existing marine protected areas are performing as efforts in the Caribbean region and elsewhere continue to promote the establishment of new MPAs.
Constrained Maximum Likelihood Estimation under Logistic Regression Models Based on Case-Control Data

We study constrained maximum likelihood estimation and tests under the logistic regression model based on case-control data. Our approach is based on the semiparametric profile log likelihood function under a two-sample semiparametric model, which is equivalent to the assumed logistic regression model. We show that the semiparametric likelihood ratio statistic, the Lagrangian multiplier statistic, and the Wald statistic are asymptotically equivalent and that they have an asymptotic chi-squared distribution under the null hypothesis and an asymptotic noncentral chi-squared distribution under local alternatives to the null hypothesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that the three test statistics and their asymptotic distributions may be obtained by fitting the prospective logistic regression model to case-control data. We present some results on simulation and on the analysis of two real data sets.
Commentary on: Krane DE, Ford S, Gilder JR, Inman K, Jamieson A, Koppl R, Kornfield IL, Risinger DM, Rudin N, Taylor MS, Thompson WC. Sequential unmasking: a means of minimizing observer effects in forensic DNA interpretation. J Forensic Sci 2008;53(4):1006-7.

Sir, I share Krane et al.’s concern about the potential danger of antisuspect bias in forensic DNA analysis, and I agree that ‘‘interpretation of an evidentiary DNA profile should not be influenced by information about a suspect’s DNA profile.’’ However, judging by their letter, the incidence of such bias is unknown. It appears that we do not know that there is a problem, and, if Krane et al.’s recommended policies were adopted, we would not know whether or not any good had been done. With some exceptions (e.g., http:// www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/interlab/MIX05.htm) there has been little effort to systematically survey subjective decisions by forensic DNA analysts. The authors are to be commended for the careful thought they have brought to this issue, but I hope that compelling theory does not distract us from the need for empirical data.
Studies of the Localisation of Kisspeptin Within the Pituitary of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the Effect of Kisspeptin on the Release of Non-Gonadotropic Pituitary Hormones

Kisspeptin neurones in the arcuate nucleus play a pivotal role in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in higher primates. To examine whether kisspeptin also influences the function of the primate pituitary directly, two experiments were performed in adult male rhesus monkeys. First, the distribution of kisspeptin-containing cells in the pituitary was described using fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Second, the secretion of non-gonadotrophin adenohypophysial hormones [growth hormone (GH), prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] and cortisol in response to i.v. kisspeptin administration was examined. Eight animals were deeply anaesthetised and transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed on 25-microm thick free-floating pituitary sections to localise immunopositive kisspeptin cells and to examine their relationship with immunostaining for luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, GH, prolactin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and GnRH. Kisspeptin cells were found in the intermediate lobe of all animals and, in four monkeys, this neuropeptide was also observed in cells scattered in the periphery of the anterior lobe. Kisspeptin colocalised with alpha-MSH-immunopositive cells in the intermediate lobe and, in 50% of the monkeys, with ACTH-immuunopositive cells in the periphery of the adenohypophysis. There was no evidence for colocalisation of kisspeptin with gonadotrophs, somatotrophs or lactotrophs. Beaded kisspeptin axons were observed in the neural lobe. In addition, assay of plasma samples that had been collected for a previous study documenting kisspeptin-10-induced LH release in male monkeys revealed that kisspeptin administration failed to influence circulating concentrations of GH, prolactin, TSH and cortisol. Release of all four of these non-gonadotrophic hormones, however, was stimulated markedly by NMDA, which is considered to act centrally. Although the morphological findings obtained in the present study are consistent with the notion that kisspeptin may act directly at the level of the pituitary, the nature of such an action remains to be defined.
Long-range oxidation of guanine by Ru(III) in duplex DNA

Background: Theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that 5′-GG-3′ sequences in DNA are ‘hot spots’ for oxidative damage, but few studies have definitively addressed whether oxidative damage to DNA may arise from a distance via long-range charge migration. Towards this end, we have prepared tethered ruthenium (Ru)-oligonucleotide duplexes and used a flash—quench strategy to demonstrate long-range charge transport through the DNA double helix. Results: DNA assemblies containing a tethered Ru(II) intercalator have been synthesized. Ru(III), generated in situ in the presence of externally bound electron-transfer quenchers, promotes base damage selectively at the 5′-G of a 5′-GG-3′ doublet located ∼ 37 A from the binding site of the oxidant. In the absence of a guanine doublet, oxidative damage occurs equally at all guanine bases in the strand. Oxidative damage is also observed at long range for guanine in a G·A mismatch but not in a G·T mismatch. Conclusions: The present study expands the scope of long-range electron-transfer chemistry in terms of experiments, applications, and possible reactions within the cell. Here we demonstrate oxidative damage to DNA occurring with a high quantum yield over a distance of ∼37 A using a ground-state oxidant. These results point to the equilibration of the radical across the DNA duplex to the sites of lowest energy. In addition, this charge migration is sensitive to the intervening π-stack formed by DNA base pairs and hence may be useful for the detection of mismatches.
Amplitude changes in the 8–12, 20–25, and 40 Hz oscillations in finger tremor

Abstract Objective : The study examined the amplitude and frequency modulation of the 8–12, 20–25, and 40 Hz frequencies of tremor to determine the degree to which increments of load affect the amplitude of these neural rhythms. Methods : Finger acceleration from the middle phalange and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle were recorded on 10 normal adult subjects. Two experiments are reported that manipulated loads ranging from 0 to 40 and 0 to 200 g that were attached to the distal portion of the outstretched middle phalange. Results : There were 8–12, 20–25, and 40 Hz oscillations in the EMG recording but only the 8–12 and 20–25 Hz rhythms were present in the tremor and tremor-EMG coherence. Adding load to the finger reliably decreased the 20–25 Hz band of acceleration, reduced the relative power within the 20–25 Hz EMG band, increased the relative power of the 40 Hz band, but had no effect on the relative power within the 8–12 Hz EMG frequency band. The tremor-EMG coherence in the 8–12 and 40 Hz regions was independent of load, but was markedly reduced with load in the 20–25 Hz band. Conclusions : The 8–12, 20–25, and 40 Hz neural rhythms of physiological tremor have a stable frequency consistent with central oscillations. There is an increase in the relative power of the 40 Hz EMG band with force, but only the amplitude of the 20–25 Hz band is modulated by mechanical-reflex feedback.
Implications of an Aging Labor Force for Human Resource Development Policy.

This article presents labor‐force tends that show certain geographic areas, such as Kentucky, Sweden, and Japan, experiencing very limited labor‐force growth and a heavier reliance on older workers because of declining younger‐age populations. The authors discuss these declines and other factors such as participation rates of women and older people in the labor force, retirement incentives of income‐support programs, and educational and training needs. Based on the data and trends presented, this article advocates for research and policy options to be studied in relation to this information if we are to respond effectively to an aging labor force.
The nature of the atypical lymphocyte in infectious mononucleosis.

Abstract The nature of the circulating atypical lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis (I.M.) has been examined by a battery of techniques in order to determine whether they are of bone marrow (B-lymphocyte) or thymic (T-lymphocyte) origin. To identify T-lymphocytes, the spontaneous sheep erythrocyte rosette technique was used; to identify B-lymphocytes, a rosette method using sheep erythrocytes coated with pure anti-human F(ab') 2 was employed. These methods were used in combination with tritiated thymidine incorporation and radioautography to identify the dividing B- or T-lymphocytes. The results obtained indicate that there is a 6.2-fold increase in circulating T-lymphocytes and a 5.3-fold increase in B-lymphocytes in patients with I.M. as compared to normal controls. The percentage of tritiated thymidine labeled mononuclear cells was less than 0.2% in five normal controls while it ranged from 4.8 to 9.4% (mean 6.6%) in five I.M. patients. There was a marked increase in the number of labeled circulating T- and B-lymphocytes to 313/mm 3 (normal 3 ) and 136/mm 3 (normal 3 ), respectively. These results demonstrate that both the T- and B-lymphocytes are part of the atypical lymphocyte population and are stimulated to divide in I.M.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 affects gene transcription and messenger ribonucleic acid stability of components of the insulin secretory system in RIN 1046-38 cells

It has been previously demonstrated that the enteric hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) (GLP-1) has acute effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion by RIN 1046-38 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of extended exposure of RIN 1046-38 cells to GLP-1 and examine the mechanism by which GLP-1 synergizes with glucose in stimulating insulin secretion. Compared with cells cultured with glucose alone, incubation of cells with glucose plus 1 or 10 nM GLP-1 for 12 or 24 h significantly increased insulin release by about 3-fold, intracellular insulin content by 1.5-fold, and insulin messenger RNA (mRNA) by almost 2.5-fold. The insulinotropic effects of GLP-1 on RIN 1046-38 cells were accompanied by an up-regulation of both glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and hexokinase I mRNA by about 2-fold. mRNA levels of GLUT-2 and glucokinase, which were low in controls, were unchanged by GLP-1 treatment. Treatment of cells with a transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, demonstrated that elevated insulin mRNA levels after a GLP-1 exposure are mainly due to stabilization of the mRNA. In contrast, the elevated mRNA levels of GLUT-1 and hexokinase I are the result of increased transcription stimulated by GLP-1 exposure. Actinomycin D blunted the GLP-1 effect on insulin release but did not affect GLP-1 mediated elevation of insulin mRNA. This suggests that actinomycin D inhibits the transcription of the proteins necessary for insulin biosynthesis and insulin release, such as GLUT-1 and hexokinase I. Our study suggests that the mechanisms by which extended exposure of RIN 1046-38 cells to GLP-1 increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion include significant up-regulation of glucose-sensing elements.
Language and the medial temporal lobe: Evidence from H.M.’s spontaneous discourse

Abstract Previous researchers have found it challenging to disentangle the memory and language capabilities of the famous amnesic patient H.M. Here, we present an original linguistic analysis of H.M. based on empirical data drawing upon novel spoken discourse with him. The results did not uncover the language deficits noted previously. Instead, H.M.’s level of oral usage was remarkably competent: he performed well within the normal range for his age and educational cohort. Thus, we found no support for the view that medial temporal lobe structures are critical for the maintenance of language comprehension and production.
Ventricular dysrhythmias after congenital heart surgery: a canine model.

ABSTRACT. To examine the possible mechanisms of ventricular dysrhythmias in the presence of right ventricular hypertension and following ventriculotomy, we instrumented 6-month-old puppies. There were four groups: 1) six animals served as controls (instrumentation only); 2) six animals underwent ventriculotomy only; 3) six animals underwent pulmonary artery banding with a pneumatic vessel occluder to produce right ventricular hypertension; 4) six animals had both ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension. Each week for 8 wk, 24-h electrocardiograms and electrophysiologic studies were performed with the animals awake and unsedated. We attempted to induce ventricular dysrhythmias with premature extrastimuli, rapid pacing, isoproterenol, and vagal stimulation. The following “chronic” data were obtained in week 8 (p value for overall analysis of variance; values are mean ± SD): heart rate – 126 ± 16 beats/min (no significant difference between groups; all animals); right ventricular systolic pressure: control 26 ± 6 mm Hg, ventriculotomy 30 ± 3, right ventricular hypertension 65 ± 5, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 75 ± 18 (p < 0.001); right ventricular end diastolic: control 4 ± 1 mm Hg, ventriculotomy 4 ± 3, right ventricular hypertension 11 ± 5, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 16 ± 7 (p < 0.001); QRS duration: control 22 ± 5 ms, ventriculotomy 33 ± 7, right ventricular hypertension 44 ± 6, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 49 ± 4 (p < 0.01); right ventricular apex-base interval with ventricular pacing: control 20 ± 3 ms, ventriculotomy 34 ± 9, right ventricular hypertension 30 ± 5, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 31 ± 6 (p < 0.01). On 24-h electrocardiogram, there were no chronic spontaneous ventricular dysrhythmias in any control or ventriculotomy animal, but were present in 5 of 6 right ventricular hypertension animals and 6 of 6 ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension animals. At electrophysiology study, no ventricular dysrhythmias were induced in the control or ventriculotomy animals but in the right ventricular hypertension group, 5 of 6 had accelerated ventricular escape and 2 of 6 had induced ventricular dysrhythmias; in the ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension group, 5 of 6 had accelerated ventricular escape and the same 5 of 6 had induced ventricular dysrhythmias including two with sustained ventricular tachycardia. In four animals, the coupling interval to the dysrhythmia was dependent upon the preceding cycle, a feature of triggered activity. In conclusion, in the dog with an otherwise normal right ventricle, ventriculotomy has no lasting dysrhythmogenic effect. Chronic right ventricle hypertrophy and dilation are associated with prolonged intraventricular conduction, spontaneous and induced dysrhythmias. Ventriculotomy may be additive in prolongation of conduction and production of dysrhythmias. The mechanism for the dysrhythmias may involve triggered activity.
Crohn’s disease: current treatment options

There is no known cure for Crohn's disease (CD), but a better understanding of the evidence base of both established treatments (such as enteral nutrition, corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates and immunosuppressive agents) and emerging treatments (such as the anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) agents, infliximab and adalimumab) provides opportunities to improve and maintain the quality of life for children with the disease. This article provides an overview of the evidence base of current medical treatments that are used to induce and maintain remission in CD. Exclusive enteral nutrition is recommended as the first line of treatment for the induction of remission in paediatric CD. Corticosteroids are also effective for inducing remission but may be associated with significant adverse events. Patients with chronically active CD may benefit from immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and methotrexate. Infliximab is effective for inducing remission in patients who continue to have significant active disease despite the use of conventional treatments. Adalimumab may be indicated for patients who develop a severe allergic reaction to infliximab or those who initially respond to infliximab but subsequently lose their response. Treatments that have been shown to be effective for the maintenance of remission include azathioprine, methotrexate, infliximab and adalimumab. Recent evidence also suggests that long-term enteral nutritional supplementation with patients taking about half of their daily calorie requirements as enteral nutrition may be an effective strategy for the maintenance of remission in CD. The available evidence does not support the use of corticosteroids or 5-aminosalicylates as maintenance therapy for CD.
Shaking hands with yourself.

By binding a peptide consisting of all D-amino acids calmodulin appears to have broken one of the central tenets of biochemistry; that protein interactions are stereospecific.
KAONS, QUANTUM MECHANICS, AND GRAVITY

We provide a heuristic study of the effect of an anomalous tensor gravity on the quantum mechanical interferences available in the propagation of kaons. We find that, although the effects are generally very small, in principle they could be measured in some experimental situations. We comment on the effects of possible new vector and scalar symmetry partners of the gravitational potential.
Thermal analysis of paraffins as model compounds for polyethylene

The n-paraffins C50H102, C44H90, and C26H54 were analyzed with standard and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Crystallization and ordering from the melt to the condis phase showed practically no supercooling. These observations were confirmed with hot-stage microscopy and a melting-point apparatus. Only the organization of the C26H54 condis crystals to fully ordered crystals showed a supercooling of 4.0 K. The measurement of the apparent reversing heat capacity with a 0.05-K modulation amplitude revealed that the melting of C50H102 was completed within 1.0 K and the isotropization of C26H54 was completed within less than 0.6 K, but 62–78% of the total transitions occurred over a much narrower temperature range of 0.1 K or less. The link to polyethylene was made with fractions of the masses 15,520, 2150, and 560 Da. The 560-Da sample corresponded to C40H82 and showed also almost no supercooling, whereas the others, with folded and extended-chain crystals, supercooled by about 10 K. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2810–2822, 2000
Use of Oral Hypoglycemic and Insulin Agents in Pregnant Patients

Although insulin remains the standard medication for the treatment of all types of patients with diabetes during pregnancy, oral hypoglycemics may be considered as alternative medications in the treatment of some types of diabetes in pregnancy.
Using cost-volume-profit analysis as an integrative framework in cost/management accounting courses

Abstract CVP analysis can do much to help students develop a framework to fit together the management function as a coherent whole. An automobile company is used to illustrate the integrative framework.
Optimal Polarized Beampattern Synthesis Using a Vector Antenna Array

Using polarized waveforms increases the capacity of communication systems and improves the performance of active sensing systems such as radar. We consider the optimal synthesis of a directional beam with full polarization control using an array of electromagnetic vector antennas (EMVA). In such an array, each antenna consists of p ges 2 orthogonal electric or magnetic dipole elements. The control of polarization and spatial power patterns is achieved through carefully designing the amplitudes and phases of the weights of these dipole antennas. We formulate the problem in a convex form, which is thus efficiently solvable by existing solvers such as the interior point method. Our results indicate that vector antenna arrays not only enable full polarization control of the beampattern, but also improve the power gain of the main beam (over the sidelobes), where the gain is shown numerically to be linearly proportional to vector antenna dimensionality p. This implies that EMVA not only offers the freedom to control the beampattern polarization, but also virtually increases the array size by exploiting the full electromagnetic (EM) field components. We also study the effect of polarization on the spatial power pattern. Our analysis shows that for arrays consisting of pairs of electrical and magnetic dipoles, the spatial power pattern is independent of the mainbeam polarization constraint.
Consolidation of customer orders into truckloads at a large manufacturer

We describe the development and operation of an interactive system based on a mathematical optimisation model which is used by a major US manufacturer to consolidate customer orders into truckloads. Dozens of users employ the system daily for planning delivery of orders from manufacturing plants to customers by truckload carriers, saving numerous hours of the users' time and reducing transportation costs.
The effect of-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on growth, viability, and DNA synthesis of mouse L-cells.

Summary An examination of the effects of 1-β-d-arabinosylcytosine (ara-C) on DNA synthesis of mouse L-cells has been made, and these effects have been compared with effects on viability. Measurements on the incorporation of radioactive precursors into acid-insoluble material showed that ara-C strongly inhibited DNA synthesis while having relatively little effect on RNA or protein synthesis. It was found that 3.6 × 10 -7 m ara-C inhibited cell division for at least 24 hr, except for the single division of cells initially in G 2 . Over this time, however, there was no decrease in cell viability, even though DNA synthesis was reduced by more than 97% over the first 14 hr of exposure to ara-C. Results of studies on growth and cell viability suggest that at higher concentrations (7.2 × 10 -6 m or greater) ara-C rapidly killed S phase cells but temporarily blocked the progression of cells from G 1 into S, and thus partially protected against its own toxicity. The observed effects are discussed in relation to the current models for the mechanism of action of ara-C. Our observations do not appear to be consistent with a model in which ara-C acts by blocking the reduction of CDP nor with one in which ara-C acts by incorporation into DNA. Rather, our results agree with a model in which inhibition of DNA synthesis is the result of inhibition of DNA polymerase.
The Influence of Habitat Manipulations on Beneficial Ground-Dwelling Arthropods in a Southeast US Organic Cropping System

Habitat manipulations, intentional provisioning of natural vegetation along crop edges, have been shown to enhance beneficial epigaeic invertebrate activity in many agricultural settings, but little research has been conducted on this practice in the southeast United States. We conducted a field-scale study to determine if habitat manipulations along the field edges of an organic crop rotation increase the activity-density of beneficial ground-dwelling invertebrates. Pitfall traps were used to collect micro and macro ground-dwelling organisms in nine organic crop fields (three each of maize, soybeans, and hay; 2.5-4.0 ha each) surrounded by four experimental habitat manipulations (planted native grass and prairie flowers, planted prairie flowers only, fallow vegetation, or mowed vegetation) during 2009 and 2010 in eastern North Carolina. Beneficial macro and micro invertebrates collected in these pitfall traps consisted primarily of Carabidae, Araneae, Collembola, and mite species. Results show that habitat manipulations had little effect on the activity-density of the dominant epigaeic invertebrates in our study system. Our results suggest that the activity-density of these organisms were instead determined by a combination of in-field characteristics, such as crop type, weed management practices, and within-field resources, along with the diversity of crop type in neighboring fields and the availability of other resources in the area.
Impact of gender on outcomes after atrial fibrillation ablation.

a Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States b Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mid-America Cardiology, University of Kansas Hospital & Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States c Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, NY, United States d Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States e Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, TX, United States f Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States g Cardiovascular Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Sensorimotor integration in human postural control

It is generally accepted that human bipedal upright stance is achieved by feedback mechanisms that generate an appropriate corrective torque based on body-sway motion detected primarily by visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensory systems. Because orientation information from the various senses is not always available (eyes closed) or accurate (compliant support surface), the postural control system must somehow adjust to maintain stance in a wide variety of environmental conditions. This is the sensorimotor integration problem that we investigated by evoking anterior-posterior (AP) body sway using pseudorandom rotation of the visual surround and/or support surface (amplitudes 0.5-8 degrees ) in both normal subjects and subjects with severe bilateral vestibular loss (VL). AP rotation of body center-of-mass (COM) was measured in response to six conditions offering different combinations of available sensory information. Stimulus-response data were analyzed using spectral analysis to compute transfer functions and coherence functions over a frequency range from 0.017 to 2.23 Hz. Stimulus-response data were quite linear for any given condition and amplitude. However, overall behavior in normal subjects was nonlinear because gain decreased and phase functions sometimes changed with increasing stimulus amplitude. "Sensory channel reweighting" could account for this nonlinear behavior with subjects showing increasing reliance on vestibular cues as stimulus amplitudes increased. VL subjects could not perform this reweighting, and their stimulus-response behavior remained quite linear. Transfer function curve fits based on a simple feedback control model provided estimates of postural stiffness, damping, and feedback time delay. There were only small changes in these parameters with increasing visual stimulus amplitude. However, stiffness increased as much as 60% with increasing support surface amplitude. To maintain postural stability and avoid resonant behavior, an increase in stiffness should be accompanied by a corresponding increase in damping. Increased damping was achieved primarily by decreasing the apparent time delay of feedback control rather than by changing the damping coefficient (i.e., corrective torque related to body-sway velocity). In normal subjects, stiffness and damping were highly correlated with body mass and moment of inertia, with stiffness always about 1/3 larger than necessary to resist the destabilizing torque due to gravity. The stiffness parameter in some VL subjects was larger compared with normal subjects, suggesting that they may use increased stiffness to help compensate for their loss. Overall results show that the simple act of standing quietly depends on a remarkably complex sensorimotor control system.
Abstract IA2: Somatic alterations in human cancer genomes

The advent of high-throughput genome sequence analysis has enabled systematic discovery of somatic genome alterations through genome, exome, and transcriptome sequencing of paired human cancer and germline nucleic acids. These discoveries have led to the identification of somatic genome alterations in new pathways including epigenetic regulators, RNA splicing factors, and immune response regulators, in addition to previously known signal transduction, cell cycle, and transcriptional pathways. I will discuss alterations in these pathways by copy number disruption, mutation, and re-arrangement, especially as seen through the lens of recent and ongoing large-scale studies of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma genomes, from The Cancer Genome Atlas and beyond'and will discuss the implications for the understanding of cancer pathogenesis and for the development of targeted and immunomodulatory therapies. Citation Format: Matthew Meyerson. Somatic alterations in human cancer genomes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA2.
Box spline based 3D tomographic reconstruction of diffusion propagators from MRI data

This paper introduces a tomographic approach for reconstruction of diffusion propagators, P(r), in a box spline framework. Box splines are chosen as basis functions for highorder approximation of P(r) from the diffusion signal. Box splines are a generalization of B-splines to multivariate setting that are particularly useful in the context of tomographic reconstruction. The X-Ray or Radon transform of a (tensorproduct B-spline or a non-separable) box spline is a box spline - the space of box splines is closed under the Radon transform. We present synthetic and real multi-shell diffusionweighted MR data experiments that demonstrate the increased accuracy of P(r) reconstruction as the order of basis functions is increased.