cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perforation-Reconst1Tution of Proximal Urethral Obliteration

AbstractPost-traumatic or failed postoperative proximal urethral obliteration commonly is managed by technically demanding transpubic procedures. Five cases are reported, which were treated successfully by forceful retrograde perforation with a urethral sound guided by a finger inserted into the prostatic urethra. Temporary urethral catheterization followed by a program of daily self-dilation by catheter during maturation of the tract, with visual urethrotomy as required, facilitated healing.
Prediction of ribosome footprint profile shapes from transcript sequences

Motivation: Ribosome profiling is a useful technique for studying translational dynamics and quantifying protein synthesis. Applications of this technique have shown that ribosomes are not uniformly distributed along mRNA transcripts. Understanding how each transcript-specific distribution arises is important for unraveling the translation mechanism. Results: Here, we apply kernel smoothing to construct predictive features and build a sparse model to predict the shape of ribosome footprint profiles from transcript sequences alone. Our results on Saccharomyces cerevisiae data show that the marginal ribosome densities can be predicted with high accuracy. The proposed novel method has a wide range of applications, including inferring isoform-specific ribosome footprints, designing transcripts with fast translation speeds and discovering unknown modulation during translation. Availability and implementation: A software package called riboShape is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/riboshape Contact: ude.yelekreb@ssy
Political Ideology in the Arab World: Framing a cross-ideological alliance

Much of the intellectual basis for development of cross-ideological alliances in the region has been provided by the works of Arab nationalist and leftist intellectuals who have increasingly looked to Islamic sources in their accounts of the Arab nation and the writings of various Islamists who have sought to present a more moderate and inclusive vision of Islam. In many respects, the members of these ideological groupings have been brought together by the imperatives of politics and history. Arab nationalists and leftists have sought to tap into the popular appeal Islamism seems to hold. Islamists have looked to Arab nationalists and leftists as allies in resisting the harassment and imprisonment of their members and in bypassing various restrictions on their political activity. Cooperation has been encouraged not only by domestic issues (such as closed political systems), but also regional issues (such as lack of progress in Palestine and increased US intervention in Iraq and other parts of the Gulf) and global issues (such as globalization and international anti-globalization activism). As noted in the previous chapter, “moderate” in the context of these political trends should not be mistaken for non-confrontational or pro-Western. Interactions among the intellectuals discussed in the first two chapters have both contributed to – and been facilitated by – a series of forums, conferences, and dialogs that have enabled members of a wide variety of groups to develop personal relationships and mutual understandings, and which have proven pivotal in coordinating political activities in a number of contexts. The various forums are different in significant ways, revealing varying scopes (global, regional, and local) and distinct agendas and purposes. Some of the forums seem to have their origins in intellectual projects.
Carbon stock sequesteres from the atmosphere by coniferous forests in Svaneti

Abstract Dark coniferous forests with dominating Caucasian fir are basically distributed in West Georgia. They occupy 153.920 ha with the wood substance stock of 61191,5 thousand m3, respectively making 91,3 and 91,0% of fir woods in Georgia. Forests with dominating oriental spruce are distributed comparatively evenly in Georgia; 55,3% (55354 ha) of spruce stands come to West Georgia. Coniferous forests in Svaneti were chosen as the object of the research. Forests with dominating Caucasian fir occupying 60100 ha in Svaneti have absorbed up to 7,85 million tons of carbon from the atmosphere and annually it sequesters up to 189,3 thousand tons of carbon dioxide. In the forest biomass with dominating Caucasian fir occupying 14345 ha has accumulated up to 1,13 million tons of carbon. Spruce stand annually sequesters up to 35,9 thousand tons of CO2. The Article describes distribution of biomass and carbon stock in dark conferous forests according to the stand age groups and single fractions. High indicators of carbon dioxide annually sequestered by dark coniferous forests of Svaneti Region once again emphasize the special role of forests in the process of air exchange on the Earth.
Flowtune: flowlet control for datacenter networks

Rapid convergence to a desired allocation of network resources to endpoint traffic is a difficult problem. The reason is that congestion control decisions are distributed across the endpoints, which vary their offered load in response to changes in application demand and network feedback on a packet-by-packet basis. We propose a different approach for datacenter networks, flowlet control, in which congestion control decisions are made at the granularity of a flowlet, not a packet. With flowlet control, allocations have to change only when flowlets arrive or leave. We have implemented this idea in a system called Flowtune using a centralized allocator that receives flowlet start and end notifications from endpoints. The allocator computes optimal rates using a new, fast method for network utility maximization, and updates endpoint congestion-control parameters. Experiments show that Flowtune outperforms DCTCP, pFabric, sfqCoDel, and XCP on tail packet delays in various settings, converging to optimal rates within a few packets rather than over several RTTs. Benchmarks on an EC2 deployment show a fairer rate allocation than Linux's Cubic. A data aggregation benchmark shows 1.61× lower p95 coflow completion time.
FRI0081 Comparison of Disease Burden in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), RA with Secondary Osteoarthritis (OA), and OA in Routine Care

Background Recent data indicate that the disease burden experienced by patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is similar to or greater than in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 1 . Many patients with RA may have secondary OA, which may affect disease burden and clinical management. Objectives To compare disease burden in patients with RA, RA with 2° OA, and OA, according to scores on a multi-dimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) and physician RheuMetric checklist Methods At one academic rheumatology center, all patients with all diagnoses complete an MDHAQ. The MDHAQ includes 0–10 scores for physical function (FN), pain (PN), and patient global estimate (PATGL), compiled into a 0–30 composite routine assessment of patient index data (RAPID3), and a 0–48 RA disease activity index (RADAI) self-reported joint count. In addition, physicians complete a RheuMetric checklist, which includes four 0–10 visual analog scales (VAS) for overall physician global (DOCGL), inflammation or reversible findings (DOCINF), damage or irreversible findings (DOCDAM), and patient distress unexplained by DOCINF or DOCDAM (e.g. fibromyalgia, depression) (DOCSTR). Patients were classified as RA, RA with 2° OA, and OA, according to medical record diagnoses. Measures were compared in the 3 groups by MANOVA, adjusted for age. Results 669 patients seen in routine care between September 2014 and June 2015 were studied, including 248 with RA, 47 with 2° OA (16% of all RA), and 374 with OA. Patients with OA were significantly older, but no differences were seen in formal education or gender. MDHAQ scores indicated substantial disease burden in all 3 diagnosis groups, although least in RA patients with no 2° OA, intermediate in RA patients with 2° OA, and greatest in patients with primary OA, e.g., RAPID3 was 11.0±7.7, 12.3±6.7, and 15.1±6.3 in the 3 groups, respectively (Table) (p Conclusions Patients with OA appear to have a greater disease burden than those with RA; the disease burden is intermediate in RA patients who have 2° OA. The low DOCINF relative DOCDAM in RA patients may help explain why RA remission rates are well below 100% even though inflammation appears to be effectively controlled. Patient MDHAQ and physician RheuMetric are useful and feasible to assess and monitor rheumatic diseases in busy clinical settings References C. El-Haddad, I. Castrejn, K. Gibson, Y. Yazici, M. Bergman, T. Pincus. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74(Suppl2): 369. Tymms K, et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66:190–6. Disclosure of Interest I. Castrejon: None declared, J. Chua: None declared, A. Malfait: None declared, J. Block: None declared, T. Pincus Shareholder of: Health Report Services, Inc
Improper Integrals. Elliptic Integrals and Functions

When f is R-integrable over [a, b] then its indefinite integral F, defined as $$F\left( x \right) = \int_a^x {f\left( t \right)dt\,\,\,\,for\,\,\,\,x \in \left[ {a,b} \right]} ,$$ (1.1) is continuous on [a,b] (Theorem XIII.6.3). Hence, $$_{x \to b - }^{\lim }\int_a^x {f\left( t \right)dt = \int_a^b {f\left( t \right)dt.} }$$ (1.2)
Pauper's Parity: Taking Away the Fine Print of 'Your Contribution is Tax-Deductible'

The United States Tax Code is a codified book of social engineering. Throughout the Code, behaviors such as owning a home, having children, going to college, and donating to charity are encouraged through tax deductions and credits. However, some of these incentives are only available to wealthier Americans, especially in the case with charitable giving. Although many organizations may entice people to donate to their organizations, many of these individuals do not realize that unless they itemize their tax deductions, the tax benefits are not available to them. Although the Tax Code did allow a charitable deduction to all Americans at one time, the system currently discriminates against those individuals who do not itemize their deductions. In other words, it discriminates generally against lower-income Americans. Not only is this current framework unfair, but it gives the benefit to the group that is the least charitable. This Article provides evidence that wealthier Americans not only donate less than their lower-income counterparts, but are able to claim benefits in ways lower-income Americans are never able to. Further, this Article shows that wealthier Americans are donating to areas which arguably are not doing the “most good.” This Article is an attempt at proposing an equitable carve-out for lower-income Americans by allowing a Charitable Contribution Credit. Although proposals for a credit have been proposed before, these proposals have involved a total repeal of the current framework. This complete scrapping is not the best approach. Because the Tax Code is partly designed to encourage social behavior, my proposal does the same, but for lower-income Americans. A credit for these individuals allows society’s most generous a tax break while preserving the widely-used deduction for all other Americans. This Article is not an assault or a criticism of the wealthy, but rather, an offer of fairness.
Phase II study of the frontline combination of ipilimumab and temozolomide in patients with metastatic melanoma.

8514 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi) alters the immune system balance by inhibiting the suppression of T-cell function. In two phase III trials, Ipi has shown an overall survival benefit alone and in ...
LES of Particle Dispersion and Gas-to-Particle Mass Transfer in Turbulent Shear Flows

LES of condensation gas-to-particle mass transfer in turbulent incompressible mixing layers are performed. The flows are comprised of a particle-free condensable vapor mixing with micron-size porous particles. Simulations are performed at a single Reynolds number while varying the particle Stokes number, the mass transfer and convective time scales, and the vapor concentration at the particle surface. DNS has shown to be quite useful in capturing the fluid–particle interactions though at a high compute time. The goal of this work is to use LES to obtain a high level of fidelity to the DNS but with significantly reduced computational requirements.
Linear Vibrations of Plates Based on Elasticity Theory

In this chapter, we discuss some exact solutions for linear vibrations of plates derived from the exact elasticity theory. In later chapters, approximate equations for plates are first derived from elasticity theory, and solutions are then in turn obtained from the plate equations. The plate equations are considered to be approximate from the standpoint of the elasticity theory, and solutions obtained from such equations are thus also approximate. Generally speaking, exact solutions based on elasticity are difficult to find, and most of them deal with plates that extend to infinity. In fact, no solutions in closed form are known to exist for vibrations of plates with unrestricted dimensional ratios and with traction-free boundary surfaces. On the other hand, we are fortunate to find the small number of exact solutions for plates that are available. Among other things, these do provide an overall perspective and insight by making it possible for us to evaluate the accuracy and limitations of the approximate equations and solutions of plates.
TRANSCATHETER COVERED STENT PLACEMENT FOR NATIVE COARCTATION WITHOUT ANGIOGRAPHY

Management of native aortic coarctation remains debatable, due to insufficient randomized trial. However, stent placement is considered a reasonable approach in the older child, adolescent, or adult presenting with a simple, native Coarctation. Contrast is necessary for endovascular interventions
Challenges Experienced by Nursing Students Overcoming One Course Failure: A Phenomenological Research Study

Abstract Retention of nursing students is important. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of 11 successful returner nursing students from 1 associate degree program in the southeastern United States. Two themes directly related to the challenges faced by participants: (a) dealing with uncertainty, shock, and sadness and (b) returning after a failure. Findings related to challenges highlight the importance of facilitating integration and ensuring clear communication with nursing students.
Analyzing Data with PivotTables

In this chapter, we’ll look at how you can use PivotTables to analyze the data in your worksheets and draw conclusions from it. PivotTables are great for asking questions of your data and looking at the data in different ways without having to enter it multiple times in separate worksheets.
The Legal and Social Infirmities of Zelman v. Simmons-Harris

With a spirited criticism of Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002), this article summarizes many arguments against the voucher decision, including the dissenting opinions of U.S. Supreme Court justices, opponents of the decision, and amicus curiae briefs from the American Jewish Committee, the Anti-Defamation League, and the Ohio School Boards Association, all of whom argued against the Cleveland Plan. In the end, the decision may prove dangerous to Catholic schools that accept public voucher monies.
A PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SOFT-SHELLED TURTLE TRIONYX MUTICUS IN THE KANSAS RIVER

ABSTRACT Trionyx muticus is abundant in the Kansas River, especially in sandy habitats. Egg-laying occurs chiefly in June and July and a female may produce two or more clutches per season. Clutches found in nests averaged 12.6 eggs. Nests averaged 38.2 m from the water and 1.34 m above the water level, and the average depth to the eggs was 16.2 cm. Eggs are approximately spherical, with a mean maximum diameter of 22.9 mm and a mean weight of 6.72 g. Hatchlings, emerging in late August and September, have an average carapace length of 34.84 mm and average weight of 4.91 g. By mid-June of the following year the hatchling cohort has gained 36% in length and 95% in weight. A crude estimate of population structure is made from the analysis of tracks left by basking turtles.
China and the United States: The Contest for Global Economic Leadership

This paper considers whether there is a “Thucydides trap” in the world economy, referring to the inherent conflict between incumbent and challenger. It assesses the impact of President Trump's alienation of traditional US allies, which threatens to splinter the “hegemonic coalition” and even push China and Europe together, and his convergence toward some Chinese norms on trade and even politics. It outlines three possible systemic scenarios: a “G0” in which the US is no longer willing to lead but China is not yet able or willing, and whether such a (likely) regime will be stable or unstable; a new “G1,” sooner or later, led by China; and a cooperative “G2” in which the US and China agree to share leadership. It traces the evolution of actual leadership initiatives of the two countries in recent years. It compares US and Chinese attitudes on key systemic issues and concludes with an appraisal of “an international economic order with Chinese characteristics,” a world in which the state plays a greater role relative to market economics, the rule of law defers increasingly to voluntary arrangements, and politics tilt toward central government control more than democracy.
Jekyll and Hyde: On The Double-Faced Nature of Smart-Phone Sensor Noise Injection

To combat privacy attacks that exploit the motion and orientation sensors embedded in mobile devices, a number of recent works have proposed noise injection schemes that degrade the quality of sensor data. Much as these schemes have been shown to thwart the attacks, the impact of noise injection on continuous authentication schemes proposed for mobile and wearable devices has never been studied. In this paper, we empirically tackle this question based on two widely studied continuous authentication applications (i.e., gait and handwriting authentication). Through a series of machine learning and statistical techniques, we show that the thresholds of noise needed to overcome the attacks would significantly degrade the performance of the continuous authentication applications. The paper argues against noise injection as a defense against attacks that exploit motion and orientation sensor data on mobile and wearable devices.
PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MITRACLIP FOR SEVERE MITRAL REGURGITATION

There remains uncertainty regarding the factors that predict mortality in patients undergoing the MitraClip procedure for severe mitral regurgitation. We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients (N = 121) who underwent the MitraClip procedure for mitral regurgitation between
Src: Regulation and function in the exocrine pancreas

The discovery of Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases dates back a century ago (1911) when Peyton Rous noted tumors transmissible in chicken via cell free extracts (37). This eventually culminated in the discovery of the Rous Sarcoma virus gene product which was subsequently shown to cause tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins (15). V-Src i.e. the viral protein was thus the first described proto-oncogene, and c-Src is its normal cellular homologue in animals (41). Src family members play key roles in cell morphology, endocytosis, motility, proliferation and survival. There are 11 members in the family (Blk, Brk, Fgr, Frk, Fyn, Hck, Lck, Lyn, c-Src, Srm, and Yes) of which some are expressed in pancreatic acinar cells.
Understanding intercalation compounds for sodium-ion batteries and beyond

Intercalation compounds are popular candidate electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries and other 'beyond lithium-ion' technologies including potassium- and magnesium-ion batteries. We summarize first-principles efforts to elucidate the behaviour of such compounds in the layered and spinel structures. Trends based on the size and valence of the intercalant and the ionicity of the host are sufficient to explain phase stability and ordering phenomena, which in turn determine the equilibrium voltage profile. For the layered structures, we provide an overarching view of intercalant orderings in prismatic coordination based on antiphase boundaries, which has important consequences for diffusion. We examine details of stacking sequence transitions between different layered structures by calculating stacking fault energies and discussing the nature of dislocations. A better understanding of these transitions will likely aid the development of batteries with improved cyclability. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Energy materials for a low carbon future'.
Approval Voting and Incentives in Crowdsourcing

The growing need for labeled training data has made crowdsourcing a vital tool for developing machine learning applications. Here, workers on a crowdsourcing platform are typically shown a list of unlabeled items, and for each of these items, are asked to choose a label from one of the provided options. The workers in crowdsourcing platforms are not experts, thereby making it essential to judiciously elicit the information known to the workers. With respect to this goal, there are two key shortcomings of current systems: (i) the incentives of the workers are not aligned with those of the requesters; and (ii) the interface does not allow workers to convey their knowledge accurately by forcing them to make a single choice among a set of options. In this article, we address these issues by introducing approval voting to utilize the expertise of workers who have partial knowledge of the true answer and coupling it with two strictly proper scoring rules. We additionally establish attractive properties of optimality and uniqueness of our scoring rules. We also conduct preliminary empirical studies on Amazon Mechanical Turk, and the results of these experiments validate our approach.
High-throughput screening identifies candidate drugs for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Abstract Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign neoplasm of the larynx caused mainly by human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 and its standard treatment involves repeated surgical debulking of the laryngeal tumors. However, significant morbidity and occasional mortality due to multiple recurrences occur. Conditional reprogramming (CR) was used to establish a HPV-6 positive culture from an RRP patient, named GUMC-403. High-throughput screening was performed at the National Center for Advanced Technology (NCATS) to identify potential drugs to treat this rare but morbid disease. GUMC-403 cells were screened against the NPC library of >2800 approved drugs and the MIPE library of >1900 investigational drugs to identify new uses for FDA-approved drugs or drugs that have undergone significant research and development. From the two libraries, we identified a total of 13 drugs that induced significant cytotoxicity in RRP cells at IC50 values that were clinically achievable. We validated the efficacy of the drugs in vitro using CR 2D and 3D models and further refined our list of drugs to panobinostat, dinaciclib and forskolin as potential therapies for RRP patients.
Understanding and Designing Sociotechnical Systems to Support the Impression Management Practices of Online Freelance Workers

A growing number of freelancers worldwide are involved in online, project-based knowledge work. Compared to employees in organizations, freelancers face serious challenges securing work and mitigate this by constructing favorable impressions on peers and clients. Sociotechnical systems present new opportunities and challenges to support impression management and two factors that influence it: 1) audience understanding and 2) gender role constraints. The goal of my dissertation is to understand and design sociotechnical systems that support freelancers' impression management. First, I will study and design online feedback exchange (OFE) systems that can help freelancers better understand their audiences by providing feedback on projects and portfolios. Second, I will investigate how gender role constraints influence freelancers' pricing behavior in online labor marketplaces. My research will contribute a novel OFE system for improving the quality of freelancers' portfolios and knowledge of gender differences in freelancers' pricing behavior to guide the design of sociotechnical systems that better support this emerging workforce.
New and Worsening Long-term Immune-Related Adverse Events with PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Agents in Patients with Cancer.

Study objectives Immune checkpoint inhibitors have produced durable responses across a variety of cancers. Although programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors activate T cells against tumor cells, they may also cause autoimmune-like toxicities termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although much is known regarding irAEs that occur early during treatment, data on the long-term toxicity profile of these agents are more limited. Our primary objective was to evaluate the frequency of patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for at least 6 continuous months who experienced new or worsening irAEs requiring clinical interventions. Secondary objectives included assessment of other factors associated with clinically significant irAEs after at least 6 months of therapy. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Large university-affiliated National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center. Patients A total of 159 adults diagnosed with any malignancy who received a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab-as monotherapy or with concurrent cytotoxic agents, for at least 6 months, between January 1, 2014, and September 1, 2017. Measurements and main results We collected information on the incidence and timing of irAEs, along with patient demographics and other treatment outcomes. Thirty-eight patients (24%) experienced clinically significant, new, or worsening irAEs after 6 months of treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Hypothyroidism was the most common irAE experienced (20 patients [12.6%]), followed by pneumonitis (5 patients [3%]); 2 patients died due to pneumonitis. Four patients (2.5%) had a deepened disease response beyond 6 months of treatment. Conclusion Our results revealed that a significant proportion of patients continue to experience irAEs with long-term use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. These results further contribute to the risk-benefit understanding of chronic PD-1/PD-L1 antagonism and support discontinuation of these agents following deepest response.
Optimal Integration of Supervised Tensor Decomposition and Ensemble Learning for In Situ Quality Evaluation in Friction Stir Blind Riveting

This article develops a novel in situ nondestructive quality evaluation for friction stir blind riveting in joining lightweight materials. This method is able to solve the small sample size problem that is commonly occurred in manufacturing experiments. The proposed method achieves an optimal integration of the tensor decomposition and ensemble learning by utilizing the mutual benefits. On the one hand, diversified feature matrices are extracted via tensor decomposition to maximize the ensemble learning performance. On the other hand, regularized tensor decomposition results deviate with different regularization parameter values and ensemble learning is able to determine the optimal parameter value via a heuristic algorithm, which stabilizes the tensor decomposition results. This optimal integration is built by developing a novel diversity-based feature generation and selection approach: 1) a diversity measure is defined to evaluate the extracted features; 2) a heuristic adaptive algorithm is developed with ensemble learning to determine the optimal regularization parameter for integration; and 3) the optimal features are selected via clustering to maximize the diversity measure, which is expected to strengthen ensemble learning performance for better evaluation results. Numerical studies and case studies are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method as well as its superiority over the existing methods. Note to Practitioners —This article is motivated by two challenges that are frequently occurred in advanced manufacturing. First, many traditional quality evaluation methods are destructive and operated offline. The destructive and offline properties bring in many drawbacks that increase the manufacturing cost and reduce the competitiveness of products. Second, when the data-driven approach is proposed for in situ quality evaluation, the existing supervised feature extraction algorithms for multiprofile process signals usually require many training samples. However, it is expensive to obtain a large number of training samples for many advanced manufacturing processes, which is called the small sample size (SSS) problem. This SSS problem leads to matrix singularity and parameters nonidentifiability, and ultimately inconsistent feature extraction results further jeopardize the performance of quality evaluation. To address these two challenges, we developed a novel method by the optimal integration of the regularized supervised tensor decomposition and ensemble learning algorithm. The proposed method is expected to enable an efficient data-driven nondestructive evaluation for product quality, facilitate early detection of defects, reduce the efforts in manual inspection, and support sustainable advanced manufacturing. The proposed method is illustrated by the friction stir blind riveting process, while it can be extendable to other advanced manufacturing processes with online sensing capabilities.
Growth trajectories of parental emotion socialization and child adjustment following a military parenting intervention: a randomized controlled trial

Children of combat deployed parents are at risk of behavioral problems. Parental emotion socialization (PES) has been theorized to influence children's behaviors; many studies lend support to this theory. However, longitudinal studies examining PES with experimental designs are sparse. In this study, we estimated PES growth trajectories following a parenting intervention and evaluated whether intervention induced improvements in PES predict child outcomes in postdeployed military families. National Guard/Reserve families with at least one deployed parent and a child aged 4-13 years were randomized into an intervention or control group. Data from all 255 2-parent married families, who were primarily Caucasian and middle-class, were analyzed. PES was indicated by self-reported nonsupportive and supportive reactions to children's negative emotions (baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up). Child behaviors were assessed through averaged mother- and father- reports (baseline and 2-year follow-up). Results of latent growth models showed that mothers and fathers assigned to the intervention condition reported greater improvements in nonsupportive PES (steeper negative slopes) over 2 years relative to controls. Both mothers' and fathers' intervention-induced improvements in nonsupportive PES were associated with decreased child internalizing behaviors. Mothers' intervention-induced improvements in nonsupportive PES were associated with decreased child externalizing behaviors. No significant findings were detected for intervention effects on supportive PES growth trajectories. Our findings supported the indirect effects of the intervention on child behaviors through nonsupportive PES over two years. PES is an important, malleable skill that can be targeted in parenting interventions for postdeployed military families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
A compendium of G-protein–coupled receptors and cyclic nucleotide regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure

With the ever-increasing burden of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, it is generally acknowledged that there remains a need for developing new therapeutics. One potential mechanism to combat obesity is to raise energy expenditure via increasing the amount of uncoupled respiration from the mitochondria-rich brown and beige adipocytes. With the recent appreciation of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, much effort is being made to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate the browning of adipose tissue. In this review, we focus on the ligand-receptor signaling pathways that influence the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, in adipocytes. We chose to focus on G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase regulation of adipocytes because they are the targets of a large proportion of all currently available therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a large overlap in their signaling pathways, as signaling events that raise cAMP or cGMP generally increase adipocyte lipolysis and cause changes that are commonly referred to as browning: increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and respiration.
Investigation of 1064-nm Laser Fluence Within Tissue Phantoms for Better Prediction of Transcranial Photobiomodulation Depth

Due to the small amount of experimental data present on 1064-nm fluence, this study used a tissue phantom to measure fluence at varying depths. Analytical solutions and experimental data were found to be highly consistent
Physical Development and Disaster Preparedness in Children

Physical development is an important factor for the nurse or HCP to consider when addressing needs for disaster preparedness in children. The developmental stage of a child experiencing disaster must be considered in order to provide appropriate support for both the child and the family. It has been suggested that while pediatric patients are considered a vulnerable population in disaster preparedness, children are not necessarily passive victims and are able to participate in disaster preparedness planning. Assessment of a child’s developmental stage will assist adults in choosing disaster preparedness planning activities that are developmentally appropriate.
Growth and survival of foodborne pathogens during soaking and drying of almond (Prunus dulcis) kernels.

ABSTRACT The practice of soaking almonds prior to consumption is popular both commercially and at home. The food safety implications of soaking almonds was investigated through analysis of blogs and videos (n = 85 recipes) to identify both the reasons for soaking almonds and the common practices employed. Among the recipes analyzed, the most common reasons for soaking almonds (94.1%) were perceived benefits such as improved digestion and nutrient uptake. Most recipes (34.1%) suggested soaking at "room temperature" for times that ranged from 4 to 24 h or, more commonly, "overnight" (51.8%). Postsoaking drying instructions were provided in 40 recipes (47.1%). Among those providing a drying temperature (31.8%), 85% specified 66°C and lower. To evaluate the growth of foodborne pathogens during almond soaking, separate cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica were inoculated onto raw almonds or into the soak water (almonds-to-water ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 [w/v]). Populations were monitored during soaking at 15, 18, and 23°C for up to 24 h, and during postsoak drying at 66°C for 14 h (for Salmonella only). At 15°C and a 1:1 almond:water ratio, no significant population increase (P > 0.05) was observed between 0 and 24 h for any of the pathogens. At 18°C, increases of 0.63, 1.70, and 0.88 log CFU per sample were observed over 24 h for populations of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella, respectively. Populations of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella increased by 3.48, 3.22, and 3.94 log CFU per sample, respectively, after 24 h at 23°C. When soaked almonds were dried for 14 h at 66°C, moisture and water activity decreased from 40 to ∼6% and 0.99 to 0.60, respectively, but no significant reduction in Salmonella populations was observed. Recommendations for using shorter times (<8 h) and cooler temperatures (≤15°C) should reduce the potential for foodborne pathogens, if present, to grow during soaking of almonds. HIGHLIGHTS
Teaching Artists’ Adaptability in Group-Based Music Education Residencies

Art and music-based activities have played an important role in social work with groups since the origin of the profession. These activities continue to be used, yet less in known about how they ar...
Embodied and Extended Numerical Cognition

In this chapter we consider the theories of embodied cognition and extended mind with respect to the human ability to engage in numerical cognition. Such an enquiry requires first distinguishing between our innate number sense and the sort of numerical reasoning that is unique to humans. We provide anthropological and linguistic research to defend the thesis that places the body at the center of our development of numerical reasoning. We then draw on archaeological research to suggest a rough date for when ancient humans first were able to represent numerical information beyond the body and in enduring material artifacts. We conclude by briefly describing how these capacities for embodied and extended numerical cognition shaped our world.
“TAKING THE EMPATHY TO AN ACTIVIST STATE”: ALLY DEVELOPMENT AS CONTINUOUS CYCLES OF CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING AND ACTION

Allies are individuals who take action to end oppression in areas in which they have privilege. Although research on ally development is growing, prior research has often conceptualized allies in a...
Ethics and Human–Animal Relations: Review Essay

This review essay considers five recent books that address the ethical dimensions of human–animal relations. The books are David Favre, Respecting Animals: A Balanced Approach to our Relationship with Pets, Food, and Wildlife; T. J. Kasperbauer, Subhuman: The Moral Psychology of Human Attitudes to Animals; Ben Minteer, The Fall of the Wild: Extinction, De-Extinction, and the Ethics of Conservation; Heather Swanson, Marianne Lien, and Gro Ween, eds., Domestication Gone Wild: Politics and Practices of Multispecies Relations; and Thom van Dooren, The Wake of Crows: Living and Dying in Shared Worlds.
A Simple Macrofiscal Model for Policy Analysis: An Application to Cambodia

The paper describes a semistructural macrofiscal approach to simulating and forecasting macroeconomic policies. Our canonical model is adapted to Cambodia and we demonstrate its application with an illustrative scenario of macroeconomic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. Complemented with near-term forecasting tools and expert judgment, the dynamics of the model helps to inform policymakers about medium-term transmission channels and thus guide policy advice.
Examining Effects of a Multisite Youth Outreach Program: A Meta-Analysis Approach.

This paper presents the application of a meta-analysis approach to the evaluation of youth-learning data from the nationally distributed This is How We “Role” program. The application of meta-analysis for examining the impact of other multisite youth programs encountering similar data analysis challenges is discussed. At each This is How We “Role” program site, university partners collected data to examine youth-participant learning. Data analysis from these unique sites was challenging as the approach had to accommodate the innate heterogeneity across sites due to differences in implementation, sample size, and learning context. The meta-analysis method revealed details of the underlying variation between sites that could be masked by typical regression approaches, estimated overall program effects, examined subgroups and identified heterogeneity across project sites. The results showed the This is How We “Role” program generally increased learning at each site and as a whole, even though the program effects varied across sites. This example demonstrates the utility of using the meta-analysis approach to similar multi-site youth development programs.
Placental Transfer of Substances from Mother to Fetus Affecting Fetal Pituitary-Thyroid Function

Over the past years, especially since screening programs for the detection of congenital hypothyroidism have been established, a great deal of interest has centered on the placental transfer of hormones and drugs which might affect fetal thyroid function. Drs. Morreale de Escobar and Emerson will discuss in detail the possible transfer of thyroid hormones from mother to fetus and the role of the placenta in fetal thyroid homeostasis. The present discussion will focus on studies carried out in collaboration with Dr. Elio Roti from the University of Parma, Parma, Italy and investigators in my laboratory, all related to the transplacental passage of a variety of substances known to affect adult hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function (Table 1).
Role of DNA in RNA synthesis: XI. Selective transcription of λ DNA segments in vitro by RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli

Abstract In vitro transcription of native DNA isolated from mature bacteriophage λ was studied using highly purified preparations of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase isolated from E. coli W. Half-length segments of sheared λ DNA were separated by density-gradient centrifugation, and the RNA polymerase products synthesized on the whole λ DNA template and on each of its separated halves were characterized with regard to their nearest-neighbor nucleotide frequencies, base composition, average chain-length, sedimentation velocity, and ability to anneal with specific segments of the template. The priming efficiencies of the λ DNA halves were compared, and the influence of certain alterations in the secondary or tertiary structure of the λ DNA template on the RNA products formed in vitro was examined. These studies indicate that transcription of native λ DNA by the E. coli polymerase in vitro is not random; specific template regions present predominantly on the AT-rich (right) half of linear λ DNA are preferentially transcribed throughout the duration of in vitro RNA synthesis. Denaturation of the λ DNA template results in elimination of selective copying. Neither free cohesive ends nor linearly intact DNA are essential for the selection mechanism.
Abstract 3786: Gambogic acid inhibits chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathways and osteoclastogenesis in multiple myeloma

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Bone disease, characterized by the presence of lytic lesions and osteoporosis is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), has been implicated as a regulator of bone resorption, suggesting that agents that can suppress SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling might inhibit osteoclastogenesis, a process closely linked to bone resorption. We, therefore, investigated whether gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone, could inhibit CXCR4 signaling and suppress osteoclastogenesis induced by MM cells. Through docking studies we predicted that GA directly interacts with CXCR4. This xanthone down-regulates the expression of CXCR4 on MM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The down-regulation of CXCR4 was not due to proteolytic degradation but rather to transcriptional regulation, as indicated by down-regulation of CXCR4 mRNA expression, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, and suppression of p65 binding at CXCR4 promoter analyzed by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) assay. Suppression of CXCR4 expression by GA correlated with both inhibition of SDF-1α-induced invasion of MM cells. GA also inhibited phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and Erk1/2 in MM cells. GA suppressed the RANKL-induced differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Finally, we found that MM cells, induced differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts, and that GA suppressed this process. Overall, our results show that GA is a novel inhibitor of CXCR4 expression and thus has a strong potential to suppress osteoclastogenesis mediated by MM cells. Citation Format: Manoj K. Pandey, Vijay P. Kale, Chunhua Song, Shen-shu Sung, Arun K. Sharma, Sinisa Dovat, Shantu G. Amin. Gambogic acid inhibits chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathways and osteoclastogenesis in multiple myeloma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3786. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3786
An investigation of the characteristics of the convection reversal boundary under southward interplanetary magnetic field

[1] The characteristics of the Convection Reversal Boundary (CRB) as determined from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) observations of convection are examined and modeled. Convection patterns were calculated for all intervals within the 11 year period 2000–2010 when the interplanetary magnetic field met a restrictive set of criteria. When there were sufficient observations, the CRB was determined and binned as a function of latitude and magnetic local time. There were over 90,000 determinations of the CRB included in the study. Distributions of CRB locations were formed for each hour of magnetic local time. The distributions varied in average latitude and in variance, with the lowest latitude and broadest widths occurring near midnight. The distributions were skewed toward high latitudes on the dayside and toward low latitudes on the night side. The CRB was modeled as a linear sum of terms dependent on the interplanetary magnetic field, the solar wind, and the SymH indices. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the boundary is discussed and modeled in an attempt to reproduce the observed distributions.
Revisiting the central gland anatomy via MRI: does the central gland extend below the level of verumontanum?

Purpose To determine whether the central gland of the prostate, composed of both central and transition zones, extends below the verumontanum in patients over age 43 based on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods In all, 82 patients who underwent preoperative, multiparametric endorectal MRI (1.5T and 3T) at our institution were included. The central gland was defined as a combination of the central zone and transition zone. Two radiologists measured central gland extension below verumontanum using axial, coronal, and sagittal T2-weighted images and coregistration picture archiving and communication system software. Results The final cohort consisted of 63 patients with a mean age of 60.2 years (standard deviation: 7.1, range: 43–76). The central gland extended below the verumontanum in 60/63 (95%) patients. Mean central gland extension below the verumontanum was 6.5 mm (standard deviation = 3.7, range: 0, 18). Weak (r = 0.35), but significant (P = 0.005) positive correlation was found between age and the amount of central gland extension below the verumontanum. Conclusion Contrary to McNeal's classical prostatic anatomy teaching, the central gland extends below the verumontanum in 95% of men over 43, likely due to deformation of the gland by benign prostatic hyperplasia. It is important for pathologists to be aware of this observation for accurate characterization of the zonal origin of prostate cancer below the level of the verumontanum. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:167–171. © 2013 Wiley Periodiacls, Inc.
On a Perturbation Method for Stochastic Parabolic PDE

In this article, we address two issues related to the perturbation method introduced by Zhang and Lu (J Comput Phys 194:773–794, 2004), and applied to solving linear stochastic parabolic PDE. Those issues are the construction of the perturbation series, and its convergence.