cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The photolysis of sulfur dioxide in the presence of foreign gases X: excitation of SO2 at 3600 – 4100 Å in the presence of allene

Abstract SO 2 was photolyzed at 25 °C and at wavelengths of 3600 – 4100 A in the presence of allene. The quantum yields of the gas phase products C 2 H 4 and CO were determined over a range of allene and SO 2 pressures as well as in the presence of CO 2 and NO. At lower pressures the quantum yield Φ [;C 2 H 4 ]; of C 2 H 4 increases with the ratio [allene]/[SO 2 ] to a maximum value of 0.0024. In the presence of CO 2 or NO or at the higher allene pressures Φ [;C 2 H 4 ]; is reduced. The results can be explained in terms of all the C 2 H 4 coming from the emitting triplet SO 2 ( 3 B 1 ). The quantum yield Φ [;CO]; of CO also increases with the ratio [allene]/[SO 2 ] to a maximum value of 0.026. However, the increase is very slight over a large variation in this ratio. In the presence of CO 2 or NO Φ [;CO]; is reduced, although CO 2 does not cause a very dramatic reduction. The emitting triplet as well as the non-emitting triplet are necessary to interpret Φ [;CO];. The proposed mechanism derived from our previous studies of the photo-oxidation of allene and acetylene by excited SO 2 can be used to fit the results of this study.
Consummatory and anticipatory anhedonia in schizophrenia: Stability, and associations with emotional distress and social function over six months

Recent work has suggested that anhedonia in schizophrenia can be understood as involving two separate constructs: deficits in anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. Little is known about the relative stability of these different constructs and their links with clinical features and social function over time. To examine these questions, 51 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a non-acute phase of illness were administered the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Quality of Life Scale at two time points six months apart. Results revealed that baseline scores of both anticipatory and consummatory pleasure were significantly correlated with follow-up scores six months later, suggesting each construct is stable in the short term. The association of anticipatory pleasure at baseline and six months was significantly higher than the relationship between consummatory pleasure at baseline and at six months. Anticipatory pleasure predicted concurrent and prospective levels of positive symptoms, emotional discomfort, and interpersonal function, but not emotion recognition. Consummatory pleasure predicted only concurrent positive symptoms. The link of baseline anticipatory pleasure with emotional discomfort at six months persisted even after controlling for baseline emotional discomfort. Implications for the measurement and conceptualization of anhedonia in schizophrenia are discussed.
Phase separation phenomena in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide) star polymers

Three- and four-armed star polymers with poly(ethylene oxide) arms capped with hydrophobic end-groups were synthesized from nonylphenoxypoly(ethylene glycol)s and well defined tri- and tetraisocyanates. The latter were hydrosilylation products of m-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (m-TMI). In aqueous solution the arm ends associate, and above a critical star concentration the mixture phase separates into a dilute phase and a condensed gel phase. Their respective polymer concentrations remain constant as long as the two phases coexist, their volume fractions being proportional to the total polymer concentration. Brookfield viscosity measurements confirm the formation of the gel phase which resembles an amphiphilic hydrogel. It exhibits a high affinity for hydrophobic compounds.
Cold-air cyclogenesis along the Gulf-Stream front: investigation of diabatic impacts on cyclone development, frontal structure, and track

On 24–25 February 1989 a storm brought high winds and moderate to heavy snow to the U.S. East Coast. The storm is noteworthy for its rapid mesoscale development within a polar air mass at relatively low latitudes and for the difficulty experienced by operational NWP models and forecasters in predicting the storm’s impact. This paper investigates the mesoscale structure and evolution of the cold-air cyclone through analysis of enhanced data sets collected during the $\underline{\rm E}$ xperiment on $\underline{\rm R}$ apidly $\underline{\rm I}$ ntensifying $\underline{\rm C}$ yclones over the $\underline{\rm A}$ tlantic (ERICA). Results are presented from numerical sensitivity studies of the impact of diabatic heating on storm structure and track using the Mesoscale Atmospheric Simulation System (MASS) model. The following conclusions are drawn from the research. Differential surface fluxes in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream led to the development of a well-defined baroclinic zone at low levels that extended parallel to the axis of the Gulf-Stream front. The baroclinic zone strengthened and assumed the characteristics of a shallow warm front as the cyclone matured. Enhanced cyclonic vorticity, moisture-flux convergence, clouds, and precipitation accompanied the front. Early in the event a series of shallow, thermally forced vortices of small wavelength (∼200 km) formed along the baroclinic zone in the area of maximum surface-heat fluxes offshore of the Carolinas. Baroclinic instability associated with a vigorous short-wave trough aloft resulted in the outbreak of deep convection surrounding and rapid intensification of the northernmost vortex. Numerical sensitivity experiments were conducted to investigate the nonlinear response of the mass field to the convection. The results show that latent heating in deep convection surrounding the surface low produced a mesoscale height perturbation aloft. The subsequent acceleration of the flow aloft substantially increased the integrated mass divergence above the surface cyclone, leading to deepening on the scale observed. The observed track of the low followed the axis of the warm front, which in turn followed the axis of maximum SST gradient associated with the Gulf-Stream front. Accurate simulation of the storm track required a high-resolution, full-physics run that included high-resolution SST data in the initial condition and moisture nudging during the early hours of the simulation.
Promoting nuclear cooperation in East Asia: Safety, the environment, and nonproliferation

(1997). Promoting nuclear cooperation in East Asia: Safety, the environment, and nonproliferation. The Nonproliferation Review: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 95-103.
Meeting the information needs of lower income cancer survivors: results of a randomized control trial evaluating the american cancer society's "I can cope".

The American Cancer Society is a leader in the development of cancer survivorship resources. One resource of the American Cancer Society is the I Can Cope program, an educational program for cancer survivors and their families. Evaluations of this program indicate that cancer patients highly rate its objectives. Yet, there are gaps in the understanding of the full impact of the program on diverse cancer survivors. In this study, the authors used a randomized trial to evaluate the program. Participants included 140 low-income survivors (79% Black; 38% breast cancer) from community hospitals who were randomized to 4 sessions of I Can Cope (learning about cancer; understanding cancer treatments; relieving cancer pain; and keeping well in mind and body) or 4 sessions of a wellness intervention (humor, meditation, relaxation, and music therapy). The authors' primary outcome was “met information needs.” After controlling for covariates, their analysis indicated that I Can Cope was no more effective than the wel...
Fully implantable and resorbable metamaterials

In this paper, we present a series of fully implantable and resorbable metamaterial devices constituted by magnesium and silk protein with controllable degradation rate, which can be used for biological tracking and sensing applications.
Characteristics of organosilicon urethane composite materials and coatings

We study the principles of modification of organosilicon materials aimed at improving their physicomechanical, engineering, and operating parameters. The efficiency of application of viscous-flow polyurethane compositions as modifiers is demonstrated. We analyze the structural, physicomechanical, and dielectric characteristics of the polyurethane elastomers, organosilicon urethane composites, and anticorrosive coatings based on these compounds.
Practical coordinate mapping method for phase-measuring profilometry

ABSTRACT In PMIP system for small scope, the object is very closed to the camera. In this case , the view scope of camera is zoomin when the object moves to the camera, and the lateral coordinate of a certain point in the CCD plane is no longer aconstant, it becomes a function of the point's height. So the lateral coordinate calibrating become very necessary. In thispaper, we propose a linear calibration method. In the lowest and highest plane respectively, we measuring four vertexes of arectangle whose width and length are known. By this method, we build the relations between the pixel in CCD plane andthe x and y coordinate in object plane.In our early paper[ 1], we considered the inverse of height(1/h) is a linear function of the inverse of phase different(l/p).Actually, because of the system errors, such as aberration and nonsinusoidal of project grating, the relation between the I/hand i/p is not a line, but a curve. In this paper, we adopt 2nd order curve to fit the function. Moreover, we propose a dual-direction fit method. With this method, the relative error near the lowest plane is remarkable reduced.Some objects have been measured with our method, the accuracy of x and y coordinate achieve 0. 1mm. The rms ofheight is less than 0.03mm, which is about one percent of the equivalent wavelength.
Estimation of grain boundary torques in bicrystalline specimens

Abstract A method for estimation of grain boundary torques τ(φ), based on displacement of a boundary in bicrystalline specimens, has been described and results obtained for certain 〈110〉 symmetric tilt boundaries in 99.998 a/o aluminum bicrystals have been presented. The (111) and (113) twin boundaries are characterized by large values of τ(φ) at all temperatures investigated, whereas the (112) twin boundary is characterized by a large value only at relatively low temperatures. A qualitative ranking of the magnitude of normalized values of τ(φ) suggests that the largest value is associated with the (111) twin boundary followed by, in order of decreasing magnitude, the (113), (112) and (221) twin boundaries and the 10° low-angle boundary. This ranking is in accord with progressively decreasing degrees of atomic fit at the boundary as predicted from coincidence-lattice theory. Magnitude of the normalized grain boundary torques is proportional to the depth of the cusp in the energy-inclination plots. Such cusps are consistent with the significant degree of dependence of grain boundary structure on inclination.
Determination of the external loops and the cellular orientation of the N-and the C-termini of the human organic anion transporter hOAT1

The OAT (organic anion transporter) family mediates the absorption, distribution and excretion of a diverse array of environmental toxins and clinically important drugs. OAT dysfunction significantly contributes to renal, hepatic, neurological and fetal toxicity and disease. As a first step to establish the topological model of hOAT1 (human OAT1), we investigated the external loops and the cellular orientation of the N- and the C-termini of this transporter. Combined approaches of immunofluorescence studies and site-directed chemical labelling were used for such purpose. Immunofluorescence microscopy of Myc-tagged hOAT1 expressed in cultured cells identified that both the N- and the C-termini of the transporter were located in the cytoplasm. Replacement of Lys59 in the predicted extracellular loop I with arginine resulted in a mutant (K59R), which was largely inaccessible for labelling by membrane-impermeable NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimido)-SS (dithio)-biotin present in the extracellular medium. This result suggests that loop I faces outside of the cell membrane. A single lysine residue introduced into putative extracellular loops III, V and VI of mutant K59R, which is devoid of extracellular lysine, reacted readily with membrane-impermeable NHS-SS-biotin, suggesting that these putative extracellular loops are in the extracellular domains of the protein. These studies provided the first experimental evidence on the extracellular loops and the cellular orientation of the N- and the C-termini of hOAT1.
CO/HC sensors based on thin films of LaCoO3 and La0.8Sr0.2CoO3−δ metal oxides

Abstract We have demonstrated a new type of mixed potential, zirconia-based sensor that utilizes dense, thin films of either La–Sr–Co–O or La–Co–O perovskite transition metal oxide vs. a Au counter electrode to generate an EMF that is proportional to the oxidizable gas species (carbon monoxide (CO), C3H6, and C3H8) concentration in a gas stream containing oxygen. The devices reported in this work were tested at 600°C and 700°C and in gas mixtures containing 0.1% to 20% O2 concentrations. The metal-oxide-based sensors exhibited an improvement in operating temperature and level stability at elevated temperatures compared to Au–zirconia–Pt mixed potential devices already reported in the literature. However, as with Au–zirconia–Pt devices previously reported, the response behavior reproducibility from device to device was dependent on the Au morphology, which could vary significantly between samples under identical thermal histories. The changing Au morphology on both the Au counter electrode and the Au current collector on the metal oxide electrode were responsible for sensor aging and changes in device response over time. No change in the crystal structure of the perovskite thin film could be seen from XRD. A significant hysteresis in sensor response was found as the background oxygen concentration was cycled through stoichiometry, and this may be attributed to a change in the oxidation state of the cobaltate-based metal oxide electrode. In an effort to mitigate device aging, we replaced the Au counter electrode with a second metal oxide thin film, doped LaMnO3, and demonstrated the operation of a mixed potential sensor based on dual metal oxide electrodes.
New books and multimedia

The New Books and Multimedia column contains brief reviews of new books in the fields of computer networks, communications networks, and wireless networks. Each review includes a highly abstracted description of the contents, relying on the publisher's descriptive materials, minus advertising superlatives, and checked for accuracy against a copy of the book. The reviews also comment on the structure and the target audience of each book. Publishers wishing to have their books listed in this manner should contact Yu Cheng at the e-mail address below. Appropriate books will be reviewed in the column.
CYTOCHROMES AND OTHER PIGMENTS OF BAKER'S YEAST GROWN AEROBICALLY AND ANAEROBICALLY.

Abstract Measurements of difference spectra and enzymatic activities of aerobically and anaerobically grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae show that: 1. 1. The yeast grown under both conditions synthesizes cytochrome pigments and flavoproteins which are rapidly oxidized on addition of oxygen and rapidly reduced when oxygen in solution is exhausted. The absorption spectra of the cythochromes of the two kinds of yeast are different. Although cytochromes α + α3 are missing from anaerobically grown yeast, there is evidence that another oxidase may be present. 2. 2. Both kinds of yeast contain active primary dehydrogenases, but they show different reactivities with added redox systems in anaerobically grown yeast, as compared with yeasts grown aerobically. 3. 3. The cytochrome system and flavoproteins which react rapidly with oxygen are associated with different kinds of cellular structures in the two kinds of yeast, and this may indicate differences in the structural arrangements of membrane-bound systems. 4. 4. Additional pigments are found in both aerobically and anaerobically grown yeast which show changes in absorption spectrum on addition or deletion of oxygen. However, these changes are very slow compared with those of the respiratory system. 5. 5. Both aerobically and anaerobically grown yeast synthesize a pigment with properties like one found in the microsome fraction of rat liver. 6. 6. Aerobically and anaerobically grown yeast synthesize comparable quantities of cytochrome c peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.5).
Work Domain Analysis of a Pasteurization Plant: Using Abstraction Hierarchies to Analyze Sensor Needs

This paper discusses the use of Rasmussen's abstraction hierarchy (AH) in performing an analysis of the work domain of a Pasteurization plant. Our goal is to examine the strengths and weakness of ecological interface design (EID) for systems in which critical variables are unreliable, faulty, or not measurable. In this paper we report our use of AHs to analyze the functioning of a pasteurization plant and the impact of unreliable or faulty sensors on the intelligibility of information available to the human operator. Although there is considerable current interest in EID, building thorough AHs for complex systems is a large task and there are currently very few detailed published examples to help human factors professionals wishing to take this approach. In this paper we present details of how we built the Pasteurization plant AH and show we are using the AH in our research. We argue that because AHs can indicate information that should be displayed for a process to be intelligible, techniques like EID th...
CHARACTERIZATION AND MULTIPHASE EQUILIBRIUM PREDICTION OF CRUDE OIL HEAVY COMPONENTS

For compositional simulation purposes, a new method has been developed for estimating the specific gravities of pseudo-components that are required to characterize the heavy components of crude oil...
Evidence for dynamic rearrangements but lack of fate or position restrictions in premigratory avian trunk neural crest

Neural crest (NC) cells emerge from the dorsal trunk neural tube (NT) and migrate ventrally to colonize neuronal derivatives, as well as dorsolaterally to form melanocytes. Here, we test whether different dorsoventral levels in the NT have similar or differential ability to contribute to NC cells and their derivatives. To this end, we precisely labeled NT precursors at specific dorsoventral levels of the chick NT using fluorescent dyes and a photoconvertible fluorescent protein. NT and NC cell dynamics were then examined in vivo and in slice culture using two-photon and confocal time-lapse imaging. The results show that NC precursors undergo dynamic rearrangements within the neuroepithelium, yielding an overall ventral to dorsal movement toward the midline of the NT, where they exit in a stochastic manner to populate multiple derivatives. No differences were noted in the ability of precursors from different dorsoventral levels of the NT to contribute to NC derivatives, with the exception of sympathetic ganglia, which appeared to be ‘filled’ by the first population to emigrate. Rather than restricted developmental potential, however, this is probably due to a matter of timing.
Lay public's knowledge and decisions in response to symptoms of acute myocardial infarction.

Despite public health initiatives targeting rapid action in response to symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI), people continue to delay in going to a hospital when experiencing these symptoms due to lack of recognition as cardiac-related. The objective of this research was to characterize lay individuals’ knowledge of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and associated decision processes for timely action. Thirty participants were interviewed about their knowledge of AMI, then presented with unrelated, unfamiliar and familiar scenarios of AMI symptoms and instructed to “think aloud” as they made decisions in response to the scenarios in order to capture the decision process directly. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the semantic relationships between knowledge and decisions. Results showed that most participants (80%) identified three symptoms or less (e.g., chest pain: 93%; dyspnea: 53%). All participants identified urgent actions (calling 911, going to ED) as the appropriate response to AMI symptoms. Urgent action decisions increased with familiarity of symptoms (57% for unrelated symptoms to 83% for most familiar symptoms), and was highest for the cardiac group. Lay knowledge of AMI is necessary, but not sufficient for people to develop required heuristics for timely action. This ineffective decision increases as a function of ambiguous and unfamiliar situations. Health education interventions should focus on teaching clusters of problems with varying levels of familiarity and complexity to increase flexibility in making decisions.
Improving bone formation in a rat femur segmental defect by controlling bone morphogenetic protein-2 release.

Nonunion is a common complication in open fractures and other severe bone injuries. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered on a collagen sponge enhances healing of fractures. However, the burst release of rhBMP-2 necessitates supra-physiological doses of rhBMP-2 to achieve a robust osteogenic effect, which introduces risk of ectopic bone formation and severe inflammation and increases the cost. Although the concept that the ideal pharmacokinetics for rhBMP-2 includes both a burst and sustained release is generally accepted, investigations into the effects of the release kinetics on new bone formation are limited. In the present study, biodegradable polyurethane (PUR) and PUR/microsphere [PUR/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] composite scaffolds with varying rhBMP-2 release kinetics were compared to the collagen sponge delivery system in a critical-sized rat segmental defect model. Microcomputed tomography analysis indicated that a burst followed by a sustained release of rhBMP-2 f...
Isolation and in situ localization of a CDNA encoding a Kex2-like prohormone convertase in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

1. A cDNA that encodes a Kex2-like prohormone convertase (PC) containing an active site similar to that of mammalian PC2 has been isolated fromC. elegans. Total RNA was isolated from a mixed population of strain BA713 worms. After poly-(A)-selection and reverse transcription, degenerate/nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed using primers based on conserved regions within the active sites of the known vertebrate and invertebrate endoproteases.
A rootbox for quantitative observations on intact entire root systems

A rootbox is described which allows observation of an intact, entire root system. Roots are sandwiched against a plexiglass surface by a nylon mesh that is impermeable to roots, but permeable to water and nutrients. To quantify root growth non-destructively, roots of different size classes are traced onto acetate sheets using different color pens, and root lengths determined by digital image analysis.
Turbulence Process Domination under the Combined Forcings of Wind Stress, the Langmuir Vortex Force, and Surface Cooling

AbstractTurbulence in the ocean surface layer is generated by time-varying combinations of destabilizing surface buoyancy flux, wind stress forcing, and wave forcing through a vortex force associated with the surface wave field. Observations of time- and depth-averaged vertical velocity variance of full-depth turbulence in shallow unstratified water columns under destabilizing buoyancy forcing are used to determine when process domination can be assigned over a wide range of mixed forcings. The properties of two turbulence archetypes, one representing full-depth Langmuir circulations and the other representing full-depth convection, are described in detail. It is demonstrated that these archetypes lie in distinct regions of the plane of , where and are Langmuir and Rayleigh numbers, respectively, derived from scaling with surface stress velocity and a time scale characteristic of the growth of Langmuir circulation , where and are mean and Stokes velocities, respectively. Situations in which neither proces...
Differential effect of hypobaric hypoxia on potency of CNS depressants in rats and mice.

SummaryAcute exposure of mice and rats to hypobaric hypoxia (364 mm Hg, 10% O2) enhanced the depressant effects of sodium barbital, sodium pentobarbital, and chloral hydrate. Mice were far more sensitive than rats, barbital hypnosis being affected to the greatest extent. In addition, hypothermia observed under the hypobaric environment was greater in mice than in rats.This investigation was supported by PHS Training Grant No. 1T01ES 00104 from the Division of Environmental Health Sciences.
Spike train statistics and dynamics with synaptic input from any renewal process: A population density approach

In the probability density function (PDF) approach to neural network modeling, a common simplifying assumption is that the arrival times of elementary postsynaptic events are governed by a Poisson process. This assumption ignores temporal correlations in the input that sometimes have important physiological consequences. We extend PDF methods to models with synaptic event times governed by any modulated renewal process. We focus on the integrate-and-fire neuron with instantaneous synaptic kinetics and a random elementary excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), A. Between presynaptic events, the membrane voltage, v, decays exponentially toward rest, while s, the time since the last synaptic input event, evolves with unit velocity. When a synaptic event arrives, v jumps by A, and s is reset to zero. If v crosses the threshold voltage, an action potential occurs, and v is reset to vreset. The probability per unit time of a synaptic event at time t, given the elapsed time s since the last event, h(s, t), depends on specifics of the renewal process. We study how regularity of the train of synaptic input events affects output spike rate, PDF and coefficient of variation (CV) of the interspike interval, and the autocorrelation function of the output spike train. In the limit of a deterministic, clocklike train of input events, the PDF of the interspike interval converges to a sum of delta functions, with coefficients determined by the PDF for A. The limiting autocorrelation function of the output spike train is a sum of delta functions whose coefficients fall under a damped oscillatory envelope. When the EPSP CV, σA/μA, is equal to 0.45, a CV for the intersynaptic event interval, σT/μT = 0.35, is functionally equivalent to a deterministic periodic train of synaptic input events (CV = 0) with respect to spike statistics. We discuss the relevance to neural network simulations.
Sampling Spiking Neural Network electronic nose on a tiny-chip

Chemicals classification using a new Sampling Spiking Neural Network (SSNN) approach is presented in this paper with experimental measurements using the Cyranose 320 sensor array. The network is unique in its minimal yet powerful design which implements on chip learning and parallel monitoring to detect binary odor patterns with high noise environment. The SSNN architecture is further implemented on a 0.5 um CMOS technology tiny-chip designed to work in conjunction with a 256K external SRAM memory. It handles the routing of spike signal among 32,000 synapses and 255 neurons. At the same time, it tracks and records learning statistics. The chip can be used in parallel with other SSNN co processors for very large systems. Experimental measurements of our SSNN E-Nose classifier, compared to other E-nose systems proved superior in capability, size, and correctness.
The Current Status of Camptothecin Analogues as Antitumor Agents

The nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I) has been recently recognized as the target for the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives. Two of the agents that target this enzyme--topotecan (TPT) and CPT-11--appear to be active against a broad range of human tumors. In the following presentation, we review 1) the role of topo I in normal cells, 2) the chemistry and proposed mechanism of action of CPT and its analogues, 3) the results of preclinical and clinical testing of TPT and CPT-11, and 4) mechanisms of resistance to these agents. In normal cells, topo I is thought to be involved in gene transcription and DNA replication. During the course of its normal catalytic cycle, topo I transiently forms a covalent bond with DNA. CPT and its derivatives slow the religation step of the enzyme and stabilize the covalent adduct between topo I and DNA. In S-phase cells, advancing replication forks convert these topo I-DNA adducts into double-strand breaks that appear to be responsible for the cytotoxicity of these agents. Preclinical studies demonstrate antineoplastic activity for TPT and CPT-11 in a variety of tumor models. Phase I studies have identified neutropenia as the dose-limiting toxicity for both drugs. Gastrointestinal effects might also be dose-limiting for CPT-11 administered on some schedules. CPT-11 has shown antitumor activity in phase II trials for patients with carcinomas of lung, cervix, ovary, colon, and rectum and for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase II studies of TPT are in progress. Resistance to the cytotoxic effects of these agents might result from decreased production of topo I or from production of a mutated form of topo I. In addition, decreased metabolic activation of CPT-11 (which is a pro-drug) and active efflux of TPT by P-glycoprotein-mediated transport might contribute to resistance. As agents with a novel mechanism of action, tolerable toxicity, and encouraging antitumor activity in early clinical trials, TPT and CPT-11 are undergoing further clinical development. If these agents can be successfully combined with other active chemotherapy agents, the topo I-directed agents offer the potential for significant advances in the treatment of patients with a variety of malignancies.
Coloring copoints of a planar point set

To a set of n points in the plane, one can associate a graph that has less than n2 vertices and has the property that k-cliques in the graph correspond vertex sets of convex k-gons in the point set. We prove an upper bound of 2k...1 on the size of a planar point set for which the graph has chromatic number k, matching the bound conjectured by Szekeres for the clique number. Constructions of Erdos and Szekeres are shown to yield graphs that have very low chromatic number. The constructions are carried out in the context of pseudoline arrangements.
The Distribution of Isopoda in the Delaware Bay Region

The distributions of 24 marine and estuarine isopods have been reviewed. Lironeca ovalis, Aegathoa medialis, Olencira praegustator, and Probopyrus pandalicola were the only parasitic species found. Of the 20 free-living isopods, Asellus communis and Chiridotea almyra were the only fresh to brackish water species, and Chiridotea arenicola, C. stenops, Cirolana impressa, C. polita and Edotea montosa were the true marine species. The salinity range of Cyathura burbancki was extended and the range of Chiridotea stenops was extended northward while the ranges of Chiridotea nigrescens and C. arenicola were extended southward. The contribution of isopod distributions to the concept of a shallow water Transatlantic zoogeographic province is discussed.
Polymer Nanofabric Interleaved Composite Laminates

The concept of electrospun polymer nanofiber fabric interleaving to enhance dynamic properties, impact damage resistance, fracture toughness and resistance, and delamination onset life was evaluated. Polymer nanofabric interleaving increased the laminate thickness and weight by an order of 1%, and its impact on in-plane mechanical properties of the composite laminate would be statistically zero. On the other hand, its influence on interlaminar fracture toughness and resistance, impact damage resistance, and damping is substantial. Results of this study showed that interleaving AS4/3501-6 composite laminate increased the damping by 13%, reduced the impact damage size to one-third, increased fracture toughness and resistance by 1.5 times and one-third, respectively, significantly increased delamination onset life, and increased the fatigue threshold energy release rate by two-thirds. These improvements are comparable to that of the commercial T800H/3900-2 composite but with no thickness increase penalty, loss of in-plane properties, or multiple glass transition temperatures.
The cytology of pollen abortion in C-cytoplasmic male-sterile corn anthers

The anther development of the S male-sterile cytoplasm and the fertile maintainer (N) cytoplasm versions of corn inbred W182BN and the restored S cytoplasm version of inbred NY821LERf was studied by light and electron microscopy and compared to pollen abortion in the C and T types of male-sterile cytoplasms. The S anthers did not deviate from the nonmale sterile (N) anthers until a very late stage of pollen development. Tapetal cells developed and disappeared normally in the S version which differentiates this cytoplasm from the C and T types. Although some modified membranous structures were seen in a higher frequency in the large vacuole of the sterile S pollen than in the N and restored S counterparts, the mitochondria and other organelles in the S pollen appeared normal up to the time of pollen abortion. Pollen abortion in the S cytoplasm did not occur until the developing pollen was nearly mature. At this time the pollen grains disintegrated abruptly but other anther tissues appeared unaltered. The male sterility of S plants appeared to be determined by the pollen itself without external influence from the tapetum.
Effect of sidewall conductance on heat-transport measurements for turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

For measurements of turbulent heat transport in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection the correction for the sidewall conductance is usually neglected or based on measurements or estimates for the empty cell. It is argued that the lateral thermal coupling between the fluid and the wall can invalidate these approaches, and that corrections based on calculations of the two-dimensional temperature fields are required in some cases. These corrections can increase $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ obtained from fits of $\mathcal{N}={\mathcal{N}}_{0}{R}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ $(R$ is the Rayleigh number) to the Nusselt number $\mathcal{N}(R)$ by 0.02 or more, yielding values in the range 0.30 to 0.33, which are larger than most theoretical predictions.
Near-miss narratives from the fire service: A Bayesian analysis

BACKGROUND: In occupational safety research, narrative text analysis has been combined with coded surveillance, data to improve identification and understanding of injuries and their circumstances. Injury data give, information about incidence and the direct cause of an injury, while near-miss data enable the, identification of various hazards within an organization or industry. Further, near-miss data provide an, opportunity for surveillance and risk reduction. The National Firefighter Near-Miss Reporting System, (NFFNMRS) is a voluntary reporting system that collects narrative text data on near-miss and injurious, events within the fire and emergency services industry. In recent research, autocoding techniques, using Bayesian models have been used to categorize/code injury narratives with up to 90% accuracy, thereby reducing the amount of human effort required to manually code large datasets. Autocoding, techniques have not yet been applied to near-miss narrative data. METHODS: We manually assigned mechanism of injury codes to previously un-coded narratives from the, NFFNMRS and used this as a training set to develop two Bayesian autocoding models, Fuzzy and Naive. We calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for both models. We also evaluated, the effect of training set size on prediction sensitivity and compared the models' predictive ability as, related to injury outcome. We cross-validated a subset of the prediction set for accuracy of the model, predictions. RESULTS: Overall, the Fuzzy model performed better than Naive, with a sensitivity of 0.74 compared to 0.678., Where Fuzzy and Naive shared the same prediction, the cross-validation showed a sensitivity of 0.602., As the number of records in the training set increased, the models performed at a higher sensitivity, suggesting that both the Fuzzy and Naive models were essentially "learning". Injury records were, predicted with greater sensitivity than near-miss records. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the application of Bayesian autocoding methods can successfully code both near misses, and injuries in longer-than-average narratives with non-specific prompts regarding injury. Such, coding allowed for the creation of two new quantitative data elements for injury outcome and injury, mechanism. Language: en
Adolescent Psychotherapy Outcomes in Community Mental Health: How Do Symptoms Align with Target Complaints and Perceived Change?

This study examined the relationship between clinically significant symptom change (rated by youth and parents), severity of client-defined primary presenting problems (i.e., Target Complaints), and perceived change in therapy. Participants were 117 adolescents receiving outpatient therapy and their parents. Participants completed the following measures at intake and 3 months into treatment: Ohio Scales, Target Complaints, and Perceived Change. Results indicate significant correspondence between clinically significant symptom change and other outcomes, offering preliminary evidence that global symptom measures represent change that is meaningful to adolescent clients. However, the modest magnitude of the correspondence also suggests that such measures as perceived change and individualized Target Complaints may offer unique utility in capturing the multidimensional nature of outcomes in youth therapy and provide useful avenues for future research focused on enhancing client engagement and retention. Recommendations for outcome assessment in community mental health centers are provided.
Estimates for multigrid methods based on red-black Gauss-Seidel smoothings

TheMGR[v] algorithms of Ries, Trottenberg and Winter, the Algorithms 2.1 and 6.1 of Braess and the Algorithm 4.1 of Verfurth are all multigrid algorithms for the solution of the discrete Poisson equation (with Dirichlet boundary conditions) based on red-black Gauss-Seidel smoothing. Both Braess and Verfurth give explicit numerical upper bounds on the rate of convergence of their methods in convex polygonal domains. In this work we reconsider these problems and obtain improved estimates for theh?2h Algorithm 4.1 as well asW-cycle estimates for both schemes in non-convex polygonal domains. The proofs do not depend on the strengthened Cauchy inequality.
Modification of convective systems by terrain with local relief of several hundred meters

Eingehende Untersuchungen uber den Lebenszyklus von durch Regenschauer erzeugten Radarechos und Beobachtungen von Luftbewegungen mittels radarverfolgten Ballons geben Einsicht in einen der physikalischen Kontrollmechanismen, die der Verteilung des sommerlichen Niederschlags in den Zentralappalachen unterliegen. Beobachtungen, die sich uber drei Jahre hinweg erstrecken, werden benutzt, um zu erklaren, wie die durch das Gelande verursachten Wellenbewegungen bevorzugte Gebiete der Schauerauflosung hervorrufen konnen. Als Beispiel zeigt der besonders trockene Sommer des Jahres 1962, wie grossraumige Luftstromungen, die Mangel an Niederschlag verursachen, im allgemeinen gut ausgebildete stehende Wellen an den Bergen dieser Gegend hervorrufen, und wie dies sich daraufhin auswirkt, die normalen, kleinraumigen Variationen der Niederschlagsverteilung zu vergrossern. Berechnungen ergeben, dass die durch Ausfrieren unterkuhlter Teile einer Kumuluswolke freiwerdende Warme einen positiven Auftrieb verursachen kann, der von derselben Grossenordnung ist wie der im abwartsgerichteten Teil der Wellenbewegung induzierte negative Auftrieb. Hieraus lasst sich schliessen, dass Wolkenimpfungen dazu dienen konnten, die fruhzeitige Schauerauflosung in solchen Wolkensystemen und damit die in Gebieten mit haufiger Bergwellenbildung vorkommende Trockenheit zu verhindern. Naturlich kann dies nicht durch routinemassige Betatigung von Impfstoffquellen vom Boden oder Flugzeug aus geschehen; Voraussetzungen dazu sind Beobachtungen der Wolkensysteme in allen Einzelheiten und Auslosung des Impfmaterials in grossen Mengen zu genau vorbestimmter Zeit und an der richtigen Wolkenstelle.
Some discretizations of geometric evolution equations and the Ricci iteration on the space of Kähler metrics

We propose the study of certain discretizations of geometric evolution equations as an approach to the study of the existence problem of some elliptic partial differential equations of a geometric nature as well as a means to obtain interesting dynamics on certain infinite-dimensional spaces. We illustrate the fruitfulness of this approach in the context of the Ricci flow, as well as another flow, in Kahler geometry. We introduce and study dynamical systems related to the Ricci operator on the space of Kahler metrics that arise as discretizations of these flows. We pose some problems regarding their dynamics. We point out a number of applications to well-studied objects in Kahler and conformal geometry such as constant scalar curvature metrics, Kahler�Ricci solitons, Nadel-type multiplier ideal sheaves, balanced metrics, the Moser�Trudinger�Onofri inequality, energy functionals and the geometry and structure of the space of Kahler metrics. E.g., we obtain a new sharp inequality strengthening the classical Moser�Trudinger�Onofri inequality on the two-sphere
Pesticide use and produce quality: Do existing market channels/structure provide adequate information?

Pesticide use/nonuse in the production and distribution of produce has become an important public policy issue. It is also a marketing issue for certain firms. This article provides an overview of relevant research on the topic. It is apparent that the current structure and purpose of USDA grades and standards is not the most appropriate vehicle for providing market participants with information regarding pesticides in/on produce. Particularly pressing is the need for further research focused on how the market system and/or structure can facilitate and clarify the issue for policymakers and market participants. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Forecasting Final/Class Yield Based on Fabrication Process E-Test and Sort Data

This paper presents an application of data mining using gradient boosting trees to predict class test yield performance at high volume manufacturing (HVM) based on e-test and sort ancestry parameters. The paper also presents a framework for the predictive capability system and highlights some of the techniques and implementation details. Modeling at wafer level was found to give the best accuracy and the analytic model provides wafer level yield accuracy at 97% within plusmn2% accuracy level for Intel chipset products. Certain functional bins that correlate to e-test and sort can also be modeled for identification of possible high fallouts. In addition, the modeling process also produced Pareto analysis reports that lists dominant influencers and the dependency plots, enabling Assembly and Test (ATM) engineers to feedback to upstream operation engineers. The overall predictive capability has set a new standard for proactive yield monitoring and excursion management at Intel ATM factories and it is useful to various functions including the yield engineering, product engineering, manufacturing and planning.
Instrumentation database system for performance analysis of parallel scientific applications

The complexity and computational intensity of scientific computing has fueled research on parallel computing and performance analysis. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach to performance analysis of large parallel programs. At the core of this approach is an instrumentation database (IDB) that enables comparative analysis of parallel code performance across architectures and algorithms.The basis of the IDB approach is scalable collection of performance data so that problem size and run-time environments do not affect the amount of information collected. This is achieved by uncoupling performance data collection from the underlying architecture and associating it with the control flow graph of the program. An important contribution of the IDB approach is the use of database technology to map program structure onto relational schema that represents the control flow hierarchy, its corresponding statistical data, and static information that describes the execution environment.To demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach, we have implemented a POSIX compliant probe library, automated instrumentation tool, front-end visualization programs, database schema using an object-relational DBMS (PostgreSQL), and SQL queries. We also developed a methodology, based on these tools, for interactive performance analysis and demonstrated this methodology on several different parallel scientific applications.
Troubling Violence: A Performance Project

Carver, M. Heather, and Elaine J. Lawless. Troubling Violence: A Performance Project. Jackson, MS: U P of Mississippi, 2009. $50.00 (hardcover) Carver and Lawless’ text focuses on the dynamic work ...
An Experimental Study of Spent Fuel Transport for On-Board Hydrogen Storage

Ammonia borane (AB), a solid chemical under room temperatures, is a promising candidate material for on-board hydrogen storage. One of the major drawbacks that limit the use of this kind of materials is the difficulty to remove (transport) the spent fuels (reaction byproducts) out of the system. In the present study, a piston cylinder device was designed and used to study the spent fuel transport process and to find effective ways to improve the transportability of spent fuels. The piston, which has an area of 5.07 cm2 , is designed to push out the spent fuel through a clear acrylic die, which has a diameter of 3.175 millimeters. The pushing force on the top of the piston is provided by compressed nitrogen gas. The piston/cylinder assembly is able to operate under a pressure of 30 bars, which gives a theoretical force of 1,520 N. The assembly can be mounted either vertically or horizontally. Experiments were carried out with sand surrogates and spent fuel of BmimCl (20 wt%) aided AB (80 wt%) thermolysis, which was conducted within the temperature range of 80°C to 120°C. A series of experiments with sands were conducted with different sand to oil weight ratios from infinite, 10:1, 7:1, 5:1, to 4:1. Results of the experiments with sand showed that the sand/oil mixture was extruded out from the piston/cylinder assembly when the mixture ratios were 5:1 and 4:1. The transportability of the 4:1 mixture is better than that of 5:1 mixture, indicated by the piston travel distance. Experiment also showed that the powder-like spent fuel could be moved out from the piston/cylinder assembly smoothly without any oil added. This study demonstrated that effective removal of AB spent fuel in hydrogen storage systems is possible. Considering that only a small amount of spent fuel sample was used, tests with more spent fuel need to be carried out to further support the present observation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME