cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fear of Failure in the Context of Competitive Sport: A Commentary

INTRODUCTION Allen Fox brought his many years of coaching and consulting experiences as they relate to the fear of failure and emotional “difficulties” to this article. Certainly no one can argue with his field-tested (and battle-tested) philosophy, teaching, and techniques. His keen observations from his rich experience, mixed with his strategic use of analogies, including a reference to “Dumbo” (who cannot learn a lesson from this beloved character?), help to illustrate his points and arguments. Throughout this article, I found myself nodding my head in agreement quite often, confirming my own thoughts on this topic while cross referencing them with my own experiences as a coach and performance-enhancement consultant to competitive athletes. Coach Fox is a fine writer who is able to present information in a clear and concise manner while also keeping it interesting and applying it to the appropriate readership.
Therapy with law enforcement couples: Clinical management of the “high-risk lifestyle”

Abstract A great deal of attention has been given to the issue of stress in law enforcement and its impact on individual officers. However, the literature has not equally addressed the effects of police work on officers' relationships. This paper reviews three primary ways in which law enforcement can affect relationships (organizational influences, peer/socialization influences, and police role influences). It identifies some common difficulties encountered by these couples, and provides some basic goals and strategies for engaging them in treatment and addressing these issues in couples therapy.
Comparison of Designs of Field Test Decks for Pavement Marking Materials

Historically, pavement marking materials (PMMs) have been prequalified or selected mainly on the basis of product specifications and lab testing, which do not always correlate well with the field performance of the products. Although different configurations of field test decks exist for assessing the performance of markings, no consensus exists on the optimal design. This study evaluated test deck designs for PMMs on the basis of field performance and focused on a comparison of transverse line and long line design. Field decks were designed incorporating regular long lines and long lines in the travel lane together with transverse stripes for accelerated testing, and several installation procedures were taken into consideration. Three test sites in Texas were used for data collection and analysis. The relationships between transverse and longitudinal test decks were evaluated with correlation analyses of retroreflectivity values. The results indicated that the points on transverse lines had high correlation with the corresponding five or seven longitudinal long lines in the travel lane when the retroreflectivity values of all products on a test deck were averaged. For individual products, the correlations between transverse line locations and corresponding long lines in the travel lane were not consistently high for all PMMs.
Nonlinear mean field theory for nuclear matter and surface properties

Abstract Nuclear matter properties are studied in a nonlinear relativistic mean field theory. We determine the parameters of the model from bulk properties of symmetric nuclear matter and a reasonable value of the effective mass. In this work, we stress the nonrelativistic limit of the theory which is essentially equivalent to a Skyrme hamiltonian, and we show that most of the results can be obtained, to a good approximation, analytically. The strength of the required parameters is determined from the binding energy and density of nuclear matter and the effective nucleon mass. For realistic values of the parameters, the nonrelativistic approximation turns out to be quite satisfactory. Using reasonable values of the parameters, we can account for other key properties of nuclei, such as the spin-orbit coupling, surface energy, and diffuseness of the nuclear surface. Also the energy dependence of the nucleon-nucleus optical model is accounted for reasonably well except near the Fermi surface. It is found, in agreement with empirical results, that the Landau parameter F 0 is quite small in normal nuclear matter. Both density dependence and momentum dependence of the NN interaction, but especially the former, are important for nuclear saturation. The required scalar and vector coupling constants agree fairly well with those obtained from analyses of NN scattering phase shifts with one-boson-exchange models. The mean field theory provides a semiquantitative justification for the weak Skyrme interaction in odd states. The strength of the required nonlinear term is roughly consistent with that derived using a new version of the chiral mean field theory in which the vector mass as well as the nucleon mass is generated by the σ-field.
Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing using Rayleigh backscatter

We present a novel technique for distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing based on measuring the temperature-dependent spectral shift of the Rayleigh backscatter signal along an optical fiber. Swept-wavelength interferometry is used to measure the Rayleigh backscatter. (2 pages)
Incorporating out-of-school mathematics: from cultural context to embedded practice

Connecting students’ cultural and community mathematical practices to school mathematics is a critical issue in mathematics education. The goal of the study was to identify how teachers incorporate children’s cultural and out-of-school mathematics in instruction. Four related practices were identified, and three drew on children’s cultural or out-of-school experiences: (a) using these experiences as contexts for problems, (b) linking these experiences to school mathematics, and (c) identifying embedded mathematical practices prominent in these experiences. A fourth category, teacher initiated situated settings, focused on shared experiences using the classroom as a site of culture. Findings suggest that these practices represent varying levels of complexity and that use of this framework might support teachers in better relating students’ cultural and out-of-school experiences to mathematics.
Compromised central tolerance of ICA69 induces multiple organ autoimmunity.

For reasons not fully understood, patients with an organ-specific autoimmune disease have increased risks of developing autoimmune responses against other organs/tissues. We identified ICA69, a known β-cell autoantigen in Type 1 diabetes, as a potential common target in multi-organ autoimmunity. NOD mice immunized with ICA69 polypeptides exhibited exacerbated inflammation not only in the islets, but also in the salivary glands. To further investigate ICA69 autoimmunity, two genetically modified mouse lines were generated to modulate thymic ICA69 expression: the heterozygous ICA69del/wt line and the thymic medullary epithelial cell-specific deletion Aire-ΔICA69 line. Suboptimal central negative selection of ICA69-reactive T-cells was observed in both lines. Aire-ΔICA69 mice spontaneously developed coincident autoimmune responses to the pancreas, the salivary glands, the thyroid, and the stomach. Our findings establish a direct link between compromised thymic ICA69 expression and autoimmunity against multiple ICA69-expressing organs, and identify a potential novel mechanism for the development of multi-organ autoimmune diseases.
Ultrasonic Reflection and Guided Waves in Fluid-Coupled Composite Laminates

In this article, we review the present authors' own approach to elastic wave modeling and experimental measurements in fibrous composites. The materials and structural problem addressed here concerns the propagation of guided elastic leaky waves in continuous-fiber composite plates. The guided wavevector may be oriented along the fibers or in an arbitrary azimuthal direction. These plates can be structured as single-layer or multilayer media, where each successive layer contains fibers in different directions. Further, the multiaxial plates are loaded by a fluid or by different fluids on each boundary. Each of these cases has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. It is found that some reasonable approximations lead to significant simplifications in treating these complicated structures and yet preserve the accuracy needed to make useful predictions of realistic sound wave behavior. Comparisons of the results of model calculations and experimental measurements of ultrasonic reflection show very good agreement over a wide range of experimental parameters and types of composites. Suggestions are offered at the end of the article for extensions of the modeling to account for non-ideal behavior of the materials and the chosen means of interrogation.
Limitation of the magnetic-circular-dichroism spin sum rule for transition metals and importance of the magnetic dipole term.

Magnetic-circular-dichroism (MCD) spectra and the spin magnetic dipole term ([l angle][ital T][sub [ital z]][r angle]) for bulk 3[ital d] transition metals and their surfaces were calculated from full potential linearized augmented plane wave electronic band structure results. The recently proposed MCD spin sum rule is found to result in a much larger error [of up to 50% for the Ni(001) surface] than does its orbital counterpart. In support of recent experiments for bulk, we find that by combining the MCD orbital and spin sum rules the ratio of spin and orbital moments can be determined from the MCD spectra even for low dimension systems with an error of 10% when the [l angle][ital T][sub [ital z]][r angle] contribution is included.
The Modified Stalk Mechanism of Lamellar/Inverted Phase Transitions and Its Implications for Membrane Fusion

Abstract A model of the energetics of lipid assemblies (Siegel. 1993. Biophys. J. 65:2124–2140) is used to predict the relative free energy of intermediates in the transitions between lamellar (L α ) inverted hexagonal (H II ), and inverted cubic (Q II ) phases. The model was previously used to generate the modified stalk theory of membrane fusion. The modified stalk theory proposes that the lowest energy structures to form between apposed membranes are the stalk and the transmonolayer contact (TMC), respectively. The first steps in the L α /H II and L α /Q II phase transitions are also intermembrane events: bilayers of the L α phase must interact to form new topologies during these transitions. Hence the intermediates in these phase transitions should be similar to the intermediates in the modified stalk mechanism of fusion. The calculations here show that stalks and TMCs can mediate transitions between the L α , Q II , and H II phases. These predictions are supported by studies of the mechanism of these transitions via time-resolved cryoelectron microscopy (Siegel et al. 1994. Biophys. J. 66:402–414; Siegel and Epand. 1997. Biophys. J. 73:3089–3111), whereas the predictions of previously proposed transition mechanisms are not. The model also predicts that Q II phases should be thermodynamically stable in all thermotropic lipid systems. The profound hysteresis in L α /Q II transitions in some phospholipid systems may be due to lipid composition-dependent effects other than differences in lipid spontaneous curvature. The relevant composition-dependent properties are the Gaussian curvature modulus and the membrane rupture tension, which could change the stability of TMCs. TMC stability also influences the rate of membrane fusion of apposed bilayers, so these two properties may also affect the fusion rate in model membrane and biomembrane systems. One way proteins catalyze membrane fusion may be by making local changes in these lipid properties. Finally, although the model identifies stalks and TMCs as the lowest energy intermembrane intermediates in fusion and lamellar/inverted phase transitions, the stalk and TMC energies calculated by the present model are still large. This suggests that there are deficiencies in the current model for intermediates or intermediate energies. The possible nature of these deficiencies is discussed.
Are there bubbles in the REITs market? New evidence using regime-switching approach

This study looks for the presence of rational speculative bubbles in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) using unit-root, variance ratio, duration dependence and regime switching regression tests. The regime switching method provides weak evidence of speculative bubble behaviour in both the mortgage and hybrid REITs sectors even though traditional econometric bubble tests do not provide evidence of rational speculative bubbles in all REIT markets. Findings suggest that price movement in mortgage and hybrid REITs may be induced by bubble-like behaviour of investors. This behaviour may be traced to the real estate market bubble. Our results provide evidence that the real estate bubble that started in early 2000 was transmitted into securitized real estate markets. A regime switching model also provides a clear metric that signals the probability of a collapsing bubble. This is something with the potential to be appreciably helpful to portfolio managers.
Benchmarking numerical accuracy of statistical algorithms

In this paper, we discuss benchmark data sets proposed by Anscombe and Longley for measuring the numerical accuracy of statistical algorithms. We show that these benchmarks present an unduly optimistic assessment of numerical accuracy. We demonstrate that the cause of this unwarranted optimism is the use of integer values in the benchmarks. Alternative benchmarks are proposed which avoid the problems brought about by the integer values and provide a more realistic assessment of numerical accuracy under varying data conditions.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Instruction Based on Material From a Hands-On Workshop in Information Assurance

In computer science curricula, we teach our students to program on their own, while in the "real world," programming is accomplished via cobbling together modules and subroutines stored in repositories that were written by others. Similarly, teaching Cyber Security or any other curricula does not occur in a vacuum. Instructors may want to be imaginative and create their own case studies and laboratory exercises, but time, and especially in the current era, financial constraints, affect all faculty members. The result is the reuse of labs and exercises obtained from colleagues and other sources. Consequently, it is important to measure the efficacy of using the material of others. This paper will evaluate before-and-after learning outcomes from two consecutive years of surveys of Armstrong Atlantic State University's (hereafter referred to as Armstrong) ITEC 5001 Cyber Security I course to determine the effectiveness of the use of material obtained at the NSF-sponsored Summer Workshop in Information Assurance (hereafter referred to as the workshop) held at the University of Tennessee-Chattanooga, in May 2012.
Relative Head Size Increase Using an Anatomic Dual Mobility Hip Prosthesis Compared to Traditional Hip Arthroplasty: Impact on Hip Stability

Abstract Smaller head sizes and head/cup ratios make cups smaller than 50 mm and larger than 58 mm, more prone to dislocation. Using computer modeling, we compared average head sizes and posterior horizontal dislocation distance (PHDD) in two 78-patient matched cohorts. Cup sizes were small (≤ 50 mm) or large (≥ 58 mm). The control cohort had conventional fixed bearing prostheses, while the experimental cohort had anatomical dual mobility (ADM) hip prostheses. ADM cups have larger average head sizes and PHDD than traditional fixed bearing prostheses by 11.5 mm and 80% for cups ≤ 50 mm, and 16.3 mm and 90% for cups ≥ 58 mm. Larger head sizes and increased head/cup ratio may allow the ADM prosthesis to reduce the incidence of dislocation.
Assembly of overlapping DNA sequences by a program written in BASIC for 64K CP/M and MS-DOS IBM-compatible microcomputers

Abstract The SEQALIGN programs1 described in this report aid in the assembly of up to 100 individual overlapping DNA sequences generated by M-13 subcloning and sequencing methods. The program produces a printout of the aligned sequences presented in register. Use of the program will be facilitated because 1) it is written with the Microsoft BASIC interpreter, 2) sequence data may be entered and edited using WORDSTAR or similar word processing programs, and 3) hardware requirements for execution of the program on CP/M or MS-DOS (IBM-PC compatible) systems are minimal.
A constrained optimization approach to globally consistent mapping

Mobile robot localization from large-scale appearance mosaics has been showing increasing promise as a low-cost, high-performance and infrastructure free solution to vehicle-guidance in man-made environments. The generation of the globally consistent high-resolution mosaics crucial to this procedure suffers from the same problem of loop-closure in cyclic environments that is commonly encountered in all map-building procedures. This paper presents a batch solution to the problem of reliably generating globally consistent mosaics at low computational cost, that simultaneously exploits the topological constraints among the observations and minimizes the total residual in observed features. An extension to a general scalable framework that facilitates an incremental online mapping strategy is also presented, along with results using simulated data and from real indoor environments.
Design of concurrent test Hardware for Linear analog circuits with constrained hardware overhead

Concurrent detection of failures in analog circuits is becoming increasingly more important as safety-critical systems become more widespread. A methodology for automatic design of concurrent failure detection circuitry for linear analog systems is discussed in this paper. The desired hardware bound is specified as a constraint; the methodology aims at providing coverage in terms of all the circuit components while minimizing the loading overhead by reducing the number of internal circuit nodes that need to be tapped. Parameter tolerances are incorporated through either statistical or mathematical analysis to determine the threshold for failure alarm.
Solute Ions at Ice/Water Interface

A molecular dynamics study of the I h ice/water interface and the behavior of solute ions at the basal ice/water interface is presented. The excess stress at the interface of pure ice and pure water is discussed. We compare the solvation of Na+ and Cl− solute ions in bulk water and ice, and discuss their behavior at the ice/vacuum interface. The free energy profiles for Na+ and Cl− ions across the ice/water interface is estimated from calculations of potential of mean force.
Lincoln and the Crisis of the 1850s: Thoughts on the Group Self

In 1858, Lincoln was a political figure little known outside of Illinois. For 4 years, he had vigorously opposed the prospect of slavery’s extension into the territories, which was made politically feasible with Stephen A. Douglas’s doctrine of popular sovereignty that was introduced in the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854). Lincoln believed strongly by 1858 that Stephen Douglas was the principal spokesman for a disastrous set of policies dealing with issues that the country faced. The country’s founders, in Lincoln’s view, had reluctantly accepted slavery as a Southern institution. They recognized its existence and even validated its perpetuation with the three-fifths compromise. Such constitutional protection had justified federal laws governing the return of fugitive slaves for over half a century. It was thus illegal and unconstitutional to talk of abolition and the mobilization of a national effort to end the South’s peculiar institution.
Fault partitioning issues in an integrated parallel test generation/fault simulation environment

The authors address the issues involved in providing an integrated test generation/fault simulation environment on a parallel processor. They propose heuristics to partition faults for parallel test generation with minimization of the overall run time and test length as an objective. For efficient utilization of available processors, the work load has to be balanced at all times. Since it is very difficult to predict a priori how difficult it is to generate a test for a particular fault, the authors propose a load-balancing method which uses static partitioning initially and then dynamic allocation of work for processors which become idle. They present experimental results based on an implementation on the Intel iPSC/2 hypercube multiprocessor using the ISCAS combinational benchmark circuits. The main contribution of the work described is to show that if one is not careful in the design of a parallel algorithm, apart from inefficient utilization of available processors, degradation in the quality of solutions can occur. >
Education of Children Left Behind in Rural China

Despite China's substantial internal migration, long-standing rural–urban bifurcation has prompted many migrants to leave their children behind in rural areas. This study examined the consequences of out-migration for children's education using longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 885). This study took into account the complex family migration strategies and distinguished various types of migration in China, including different forms of parental migration as well as sibling migration. The results showed that migration of siblings generates benefits for children's education, which is particularly pronounced for girls and children at middle-school levels. But parental migration has not given children left behind a significant advantage in educational prospects as their parents had hoped. Younger children seem to be especially susceptible to the disruptive effect of parental out-migration.
Response of Windows to Random Noise

A possibility of window breakage due to noise of large boosters has led to an investigation of stresses in a residential‐type window exposed to random‐frequency high‐intensity noise. The natural frequency, structural damping, and static failure pressures were determined, as well as failure due to sinusoidal acoustic excitation. Stresses were measured at various points on the window for both random and sinusoidal excitation. It was found that the highest stresses occurred near the center of the window and at its fundamental frequency. The 3‐ft‐sq test window of double‐strength glass showed surprising resistance to acoustic fatigue by surviving a random noise field of over 150 db for a period of 12 hr.
Muscarinic receptor agonists stimulate human colon cancer cell migration and invasion

Muscarinic receptors (CHRM) are overexpressed in colon cancer. To explore a role for muscarinic receptor signaling in colon cancer metastasis, we used human H508 and HT29 colon cancer cells that co...
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers versus ACE Inhibitors: Prevention of Death and Myocardial Infarction in High-Risk Populations

OBJECTIVE:To determine, through a review of the medical literature, whether there is adequate evidence to support the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in place of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in high-risk populations, focusing on the prevention of death and myocardial infarction (MI).DATA SOURCES:Original investigations, reviews, and meta-analyses were identified from the biomedical literature via a MEDLINE search (1966–August 2004). Published articles were also cross-referenced for pertinent citations, and recent meeting abstracts were searched for relevant data.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All articles identified during the search were evaluated. Preference was given to prospective, randomized, controlled trials that evaluated major cardiovascular endpoints and compared ARBs with ACE inhibitors, active controls, or placebo.DATA SYNTHESIS:The renin—angiotensin system plays a pivotal role in the continuum of cardiovascular disease and represents a major therapeutic targ...
CHINA: FOREIGN TRADE REFORM: NOW FOR THE HARD PART

This article examines the factors behind China's rapid growth of foreign trade during the reform era, and the main challenges in this area for the future. It finds that trade growth has been at a spectacular rate of over 15 per cent a year, and that the trade pattern has moved steadily in the direction of China's comparative advantage in labour-intensive products. Four distinct periods of trade reform are traced: export expansion, administrative decentralization, improved export incentives, and now a stage of genuine liberalization. The current trade regime is characterized as a 'protected export promotion' system, which simultaneously encourages exports and protects domestic industry, albeit very unevenly. The true challenge for trade reform is not to solve the U.S.-China bilateral deficit, but to address the real WTO-entry agenda issues of opening up the import regime. If it does, China will be one of the biggest beneficiaries of the Uruguay round liberalizations. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.
Scaling of the negative moments of the harmonic measure in diffusion-limited aggregates.

It is shown that, unlike the case of the distribution of currents in a random resistor network, all negative moments of the harmonic measure in diffusion-limited aggregates exhibit power-law scaling with sample size.
Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification.

Abstract Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification is a disorder that is often overlooked, occurring at the level of the posterior sclera and choroid in older patients. Clinically, it may be confused with choroidal osteoma, choroidal metastasis, amelanotic choroidal nevus, or choroiditis. The authors present seven cases of this unusual entity. The patients ranged in age from 58 to 80 years. In all cases, the yellow lesions were clinically estimated to be at the level of the choroid and sclera, and they were usually located superior to the superotemporal retinal vascular arcade. Systemic investigation of calcium and phosphate metabolism was normal in all patients. The classic clinical manifestations and differentiation of this unusual entity from other similar fundus lesions is discussed.
Attenuation of the 5-mm wavelength band in a variable atmosphere

Effects of atmospheric changes on attenuation in the atmosphere are examined for the 5-mm wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum (48 to 72 GHz). Attenuation versus frequency and altitude for vertical transmission through the atmosphere, caused by oxygen absorption, are tabulated for geographical and seasonal model atmospheres. The attenuation effects of atmospheric water formations are discussed and compared to oxygen attenuation.
11,12,20-Trihydroxy-eicosa-8(Z)-enoic acid: a selective inhibitor of 11,12-EET-induced relaxations of bovine coronary and rat mesenteric arteries.

Arachidonic acid is metabolized to four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by cytochrome P-450. 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET are equipotent in relaxing bovine coronary arteries (BC...
Function of NAD at the Active Site of Urocanase

Urocanase (EC 4.2.1.49) from Pseudomonas putida has one mole of tightly bound NAD per 110,000 daltons. The enzyme is composed of two apparently identical subunits of 55,000 molecular weight each. Although NAD is essential for catalytic activity, the reaction involves the addition of water across the unsaturated system of urocanate (imidazole acrylate). Mechanistic evidence indicates that hydride ion transfer does not occur in this reaction. The question thus arises as to what is the role of NAD in this situation.
Spin-dependent rotational autoionization of H2 Rydberg states.

Two radio-frequency transitions in the [ital n]=27 manifold of molecular hydrogen have been observed, where the vibrational quantum number [nu]=0 and the rotational quantum number [ital R]=2. For each transition, one of the two well-resolved hyperfine components appears to autoionize, creating a significantly broadened line profile for that one component. This behavior is explained by including a spin Hamiltonian which mixes a nearby autoionizing state into an otherwise stable state. This analysis is presented; the experimental measurements agree with the calculation.
Polyporus Anceps and Polyporus Immitis

Among the white polypores named by Peck, the two species P. anceps Peck and P. immitis Peck are probably the least known, partly because of their rarity, partly because they have been thrown into synonymy by recent students of the Polyporaceae. It was natural to look for P. anceps on hemlock, the wood on which it was collected by Dr. Burt and given as the host in Peck's account. Occasionally I have run across a white Polyporus growing on coniferous wood, a plant which clearly did not belong to any of the white species now fairly well known as grow? ing on conifers. Until within the last half dozen years I had no suspicion that these might belong to Polyporus anceps. After the idea had suggested itself, however, I studied collections more carefully and am strongly inclined to think that my plants belong to that species. Recently I obtained photographs from two such collections, one collected near Ann Arbor, Michigan, on tamarack, the other from Elkmont, Tennessee, on pine. There is no "a priori" reason that I can see, why this species should be limited to hemlock.
Geochemistry of early Late Cretaceous Gaerqiong high-Mg~# diorite porphyry in midnorthern Lhasa terrane: Partial melting of delaminated lower continental crust?

The Gaerqiong diorite porphyry developed in the mid-northern Lhasa terrane shows some adakite affinities. The geochemical features, combined with high Mg O(3.56%), Cr(150×10- 6) and Ni(70×10- 6) concentrations, and Mg#values(61), suggest that the Gaerqiong diorite porphyry can be classified as high Mg#adakitic rocks. Previous studies have indicated that the granodiorites and diorite porphyries in the Gaerqiong area were developed during 90~86Ma. The high Mg#adakitic rocks in this study have a close spatial relationship with these rocks, which suggests that all of them were formed by the same tectonic event. The geochemical characteristics of the Gaerqiong high-Mg#adakitic rocks are consistent with a derivation from partial melting of delaminated lower continental crust. The results achieved by the authors suggest that the major crustal thickening of mid-northern Lhasa terrane occurred prior to the Indo-Asian collision.
Experimental study on low NO_x combustion characteristics of the LNCFS burner

According to the LNCFS burner served in supercritical 600 MW unit boilers,the influence of such factors as the oxygen content at the economizer outlet,the pressure difference in furnace,the SOFA volume,the CCOFA volume,the combination mode of pulverizers,and the auxiliary air volume on the NOx emission was investigated.The results showed that,when the LNCFS combustion system was applied on the supercritical 600 MW boiler,with unit load of 600 MW,the NOx emission concentration can be controlled below 250 mg/m3.Meanwhile,the other operation parameters of the boiler were obtained:the pulverizing system was in ABCEF coal mill combination mode;the oxygen content at the economizer outlet was 3.3%;the pressure difference in furnace was 800Pa;the third layer and fourth layer SOFA was put into service;and the opening degree of auxiliary air damper was regulated according to the furnace pressure difference curve.The result totally satisfied the environmental protection standard.
Lack of effect of erythropoietin on cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate levels in rat fetal liver cells.

Abstract The effect of Erythropoietin (Ep) and epinephrine on the cellular concentration of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was studied using suspensions of fetal liver cells obtained from 14-day pregnant rats. This system was chosen because the cell suspensions were greater than 65 per cent erythroid and very sensitive to Ep. In cells preincubated with theophylline, Ep failed to increase cAMP levels after both 5 minute and 30 minute incubations with the hormone. By contrast, epinephrine stimulated cAMP concentrations 6- to 7-fold indicating that the adenyl cyclase present was capable of responding to an appropriate stimulus. In suspensions first treated with epinephrine to raise cAMP levels, addition of Ep did not lower the concentration of this nucleotide. Heme synthesis experiments employing the same conditions as the cAMP studies show that Ep effectively stimulated 59 Fe incorporation into heme. This indicated that under the conditions of the cAMP studies the hormone was fully capable of interacting with the erythropoietin-responsive cell. The above experiments show that erythropoietin can stimulate hemoglobin synthesis in vitro without producing any detectable increase or decrease in the cellular cAMP concentration. Thus, the data fail to support the hypothesis that the effect of Ep on red-cell production is mediated by a change in cAMP levels.
Rules Remembered: Building Long Term Memory Through Stories Envisioned Within Casebooks

The author has developed and presents a pedagogical method whereby casebook cases can be analyzed in multi-dimensional aspects similar to a holographic projection. The method, entitled Advocacy Template, provides a teacher with a means for enticing students to look beyond the printed pages to uncover "the story" behind the litigation. By knowing the story that precipitated the confrontation, students are led into examining the roles an attorney must paly as the dispute evolves. Employing the Story of the Case is the author's learning center. Learning through story-telling, an age-old educational practice, is applied here for inculating substantive law with analytical and practical skills exercises needed by the new century's advocates. The story and skills simulations create the opportunity for learning at a deeper and longer lasting level. As presented and explained herein, the Advocacy Template incorporates solutions drawn from research findings about student learning weaknesses and understandings about how adults learn as gleaned from pedagogical experts. The primary goal of this tool for teachers is to stimulate active learning by students with less teaching to students. it is known that learning occurs at a deeper level when students are self-motivated to explore the many aspects of the human drama while applying "the law" at the same time. The primary goal for students is to provide them with a structured process that helpd reveal judicial meaning and opens a door for practicing lawyer skills. This pedagogical tool is potentially more effective because it seeks to simulate 21st Century vision that will stimulate learning for the long term.
Development of a disaster preparedness curriculum for medical students: a pilot study of incorporating local events into training opportunities.

Objective: Contemporary disasters, like the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa, have piqued the interest of medical students in disaster preparedness. The topic is also a requirement of undergraduate medical education. 1 Yet current literature suggests that disaster preparedness education is lacking. Our objective was to pilot a curriculum to augment medical students’ disaster preparedness education by marshalling local resources to provide practical hands-on experiences. Design: This pilot curriculum consisted of lectures; simulations; asynchronous learning materials; a large-scale, regional disaster exercise; and preparation for and participation in a real-time mass gathering. Outcomes were measured by student performance on written tests and evaluations of each activity. Setting: Academic Health Center with associated medical school. Participants: Fifty-two medical students participated in at least one of the six activities during this voluntary pilot program. Premedical students and residents (n = 57) participated in some activities. Results: Forty-one medical students took either the pretest or the post-test over the curriculum. Only eight students took both. A paired t test comparing pretest to post-test scores using imputed missing data (t = −11.72, df = 40, p ≤ 0.001) was consistent with an analysis using only complete data (t = −2.35, df = 7, p = 0.05), implying that student scores improved significantly over time. Evaluations indicated a student preference for hands-on over didactic or independent learning activities. Conclusions: This pilot curriculum was designed to capitalize on practical hands-on training opportunities for our medical students, including participation in a disaster exercise and a mass-gathering event. These opportunities provided effective and engaging disaster preparedness education.
Biased Technical Change in Agriculture and Industrial Growth

This paper presents a two-sector growth model in which industrial accumulation is sensitive to the factor-saving bias of technical change in agriculture. Agriculture features low factor substitutability and hidden unemployment and, in the baseline scenario, industrial growth is constrained by aggregate demand. Land-saving innovations are then shown to raise rural employment, enlarge the domestic market for manufactures, and bolster industrial accumulation, in contrast to labor-saving innovations. The baseline model and its extensions illuminate recent empirical studies which established that higher land yields boost industrial growth in developing countries, as well as accounts of the role of agricultural innovations in the industrialization of Japan, East Asia, and Latin America.
Flexible Governance and Perceived Fairness: Evidence from Farmer Managed Irrigation Systems in Nepal

What is the relationship between flexible governance and fairness? I examine this question in a new longitudinal dataset of irrigation canals in Nepal that were celebrated as paradigmatic cases of successful local governance. The prevalent explanation is that users have avoided knotty collective action problems by committing to rules and mutually monitoring compliance. These rules are understood to have been iteratively crafted over decades so as to render cooperative behavior reasonable. Embedded in a local context that is assumed to be common knowledge for users but ultimately impenetrable to outsiders, it is critical that locals discursively devise the rules and uniformly enforce them. Revisiting these cases three decades later, I first illustrate a distinction between two aspects of flexible governance: flexible rules and flexible enforcement. The former refers to changing rules over time, the latter to variations in enforcement. I document the predicted flexibility of the rules in these cases. I then show that a significant number of successes are associated with flexible enforcement. Whether flexible enforcement helps or hinders sustained collective action appears to depend on how fair users perceive the rules to be. Thus, discretionary enforcement may be related to the possibilities and limits of local governance in achieving fair outcomes, and not just for merely solving collective action problems.
Enhanced electron field emission from micropatterned pyramidal diamond tips incorporating CH4/H2/N2 plasma-deposited nanodiamond

Abstract Enhanced field emission is observed from micropatterned pyramidal diamond tips fabricated with CH 4 /H 2 /N 2 -deposited nanodiamond. Nanodiamond films with grain size as small as ∼ 5 nm from the process with CH 4 /H 2 /N 2 MPECVD and ∼ 20 nm from CH 4 /H 2 MPECVD were formed by employing a growth-rate control technique. The nanodiamond films grown by the 2 different gas chemistries were applied individually in the fabrication of micropatterned pyramidal diamond tip arrays through a mold transfer technique and characterized for field emission. The CH 4 /H 2 nanodiamond tips showed a turn-on field of ∼ 14 V/μm; the CH 4 /H 2 /N 2 -nanodiamond tips exhibited significantly enhanced field emission characteristics with a low threshold field of 1.6 V/μm (electric field reduction > 80%) and a high emission current of 19 mA at 6 V/μm. The improved field emission behavior of the CH 4 /H 2 /N 2 -nanodiamond tip array is attributed to its better geometrical enhancement factor ( β g = 32,000), increased sp 2 -carbon content and higher electrical conductivity by incorporation of nitrogen impurity in the diamond. The emission characteristics obtained from the nitrogen-incorporated nanodiamond imply a useful candidate for cold field emission cathodes.
Evaluation of Renal Blood Flow in Chronic Kidney Disease Using Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with reduced renal blood flow. However, data in humans are limited to date. Methods In this study, noninvasive arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 33 patients with diabetes and stage 3 CKD as well as in 30 healthy controls. Results A significantly lower renal blood flow in both the cortex (108.4 ± 36.4 vs. 207.3 ± 41.8; P d = 2.52) and medulla (23.2 ± 8.9 vs. 42.6 ± 15.8; P d = 1.5) was observed. Both cortical (ρ = 0.67, P P P = 0.002) and medulla (15.43 ± 8.43 vs. 39.18 ± 11.13; P = 0.002). A threshold value to separate healthy controls and CKD patients was estimated to be a cortical blood flow of 142.9 and a medullary blood flow of 24.1. Discussion These results support the use of arterial spin labeling in the evaluation of renal blood flow in patients with a moderate level of CKD. Whether these measurements can identify patients at risk for progressive CKD requires further longitudinal follow-up.
A Novel Cross-decomposition Multi-cut Scheme for Two-Stage Stochastic Programming

Abstract We describe a decomposition algorithm that combines Benders and scenario-based Lagrangean decomposition for two-stage stochastic programming investment planning problems with complete recourse. The first-stage variables are mixed-integer and the second-stage variables are continuous. The algorithm is based on the cross- decomposition scheme and fully integrates primal and dual information in terms of primal-dual multi-cuts added to the Benders and the Lagrangean master problems for each scenario. The benefits of the cross-decomposition scheme are demonstrated with an illustrative case study for a facility location problem with risk of disruptions.
Natural Approaches for Improving Postharvest Safety of Egg and Egg Products

Abstract Eggs constitute a vital part of the human diet globally. Due to increasing concerns of food-borne outbreaks caused by consumption of contaminated egg and egg products, controlling egg-borne pathogens at the farm level and during processing is warranted. Postharvest treatment of eggs is essential to minimize product contamination from poultry house and processing plants, and reduce residual antibiotics, disinfectants, or synthetic chemicals on eggs. The common practices to enhance egg safety include effective eggshell decontamination by wash/spray and storage at refrigeration to prevent growth of food-borne pathogens, especially Salmonella . Despite the aforementioned practices, egg and egg products contaminated with Salmonella have been frequently implicated in outbreaks worldwide. Thus there is an interest to identify novel strategies for improving postharvest egg safety, especially those involving natural and environment friendly approaches. Extensive research in the last few decades has identified many plant- and animal-derived natural molecules exhibiting antimicrobial properties against an array of food-borne pathogens. This chapter discusses the efficacy of various traditional and natural approaches, including phytochemicals, organic compounds, probiotics, and bacteriophages in improving the microbiological safety of eggs.
Immune Response Testing of Electrospun Polymers: An Important Consideration in the Evaluation of Biomaterials

Due primarily to cell sourcing issues, many in the field of tissue engineering have opted to create scaffolds that promote in situ regeneration, using the body as both the bioreactor and the cell source for the remodeling of scaffolds, resulting in the formation of native tissue. This practice raises many concerns, with the body’s immune response to such an implant often being neglected as a potential problem in preliminary design and biocompatibility testing. More importantly, what happens over time in terms of the immune responses as the biodegradable scaffold structures being utilized to promote in situ regeneration begin to degrade, forming structural fragments and degradation products? In summary, immune response evaluations are critical considerations that must be conducted when evaluating bioresorbable scaffolds. In addition, it is essential that these evaluations analyze materials for their potential dose-response and time-course effects on the various components of innate and acquired immunity.
Microwave Sintering of Alumina Using Four Single-Cavity Modes

In this study, alumina ceramics were sintered with 2.45-GHz microwaves in a cylindrical single-mode microwave cavity using four resonant cavity modes: TM111, TE112, TE113, and TM013. The mass density and grain size of sintered specimens were found to be relatively uniform with respect to both (i) the radial position within a given specimen and (ii) the cavity mode used to sinter the specimen. However, the initial power required to “couple” the field to the casket/specimen system and the power needed to reach and maintain the sintering temperature (1500°C) were both functions of the cavity mode.
Upper Pole Heminephrectomy Versus Lower Pole Ureteroureterostomy for Ectopic Upper Pole Ureters

Ureteral duplication and ectopic upper pole ureters are commonly associated with renal pathology, including vesicoureteral reflux, obstruction, infection, and renal function loss. There remains no consensus on the most appropriate management of these complex patients. In this review, we sought to compare existing data on upper pole heminephrectomy with ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy. Application of magnetic resonance imaging and minimally invasive techniques have led to changes in the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic upper pole ureters. Recent studies have highlighted the safety of laparoscopic and robot-assisted upper pole heminephrectomy and ureteroureterostomy. Minimally invasive approaches to ectopic upper pole ureters appear safe and effective, with complication rates remaining low. Minimally invasive upper pole heminephrectomy carries a higher risk of lower pole function loss. Both upper pole heminephrectomy and ureteroureterostomy carry a small risk of additional surgery on the bladder and remnant ureter.
Synthesis and characterization of multicyclic oxadiazoles and 1-hydroxytetrazoles as energetic materials

Synthesis and characterization of several multicyclic oxadiazoles, 3,5-bis(4-nitrofurazan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole, 3,3'-bis(4-nitrofurazan-3-yl)-5,5'-bi(1,2,4-oxadiazole), 3-(4-nitrofurazan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-amine, and salts of 1-hydroxytetrazoles, ammonium 5,5'-(1,2,4-oxadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(1H-tetrazol-1-olate) and hydroxylammonium 5,5'-{[3,3'-bi(1,2,4-oxadiazole)]-5,5'-diyl}bis(1H-tetrazol-1-olate), as energetic materials are reported. Two of the compounds, 3,5-bis(4-nitrofurazan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole and 3,3'-bis(4-nitrofurazan-3-yl)-5,5'-bi(1,2,4-oxadiazole), have attractive single crystal densities of 1.91 and 1.94 g·cm–3 (at 20°C), respectively. The design of these materials has been based on the idea that these multicyclic compounds with a 1,2,4-oxadiazole core will have good thermal stability and high density because of their 3,5-substitution pattern and the possibility of achieving a planar conformation. The various synthetic approaches and interesting chemistry observed during the construction of these new heterocycles has been described.