cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Technologies for Autonomous Micro-Satellite Assembly

Next generation space structures need on-orbit assembly due to volume limitations on launch vehicles. Many assembly strategies exist; one such is the notion of autonomous Micro-satellites used to grab, transport, and a ssemble individual structures. The University of Southern California’s (USC) new Micro-satellite Dynamic Test Facility (MDTF) is demonstrating full scale assembly techniques using independent and autonomous microsatellite prototypes with five fo ot passive beams. All testing is performed on a frictionless 3DOF hyper flat surface platen, with both inertial and relative positioning systems. The micro-satellites are independent spacecraft prototypes capable of attitude control that provide a test bed for space based operations. Designed to reduce cost and maximize simplicity, micro-satellites have been used to test spacecraft maneuvers at the MDTF. Their wireless communication ability has been used to produce teams for formation flying or collaborative operations. USC’s current research focused upon the technologies necessary for one element of autonomous assembly is showcased here with beam assembly.
Rayleigh Instability Driven Nodular Cu2O Nanowires via Carbothermal Reduction of CuO Nanowires

Nodular cuprous oxide (Cu2O) vertical nanowire (NW) arrays with a length of more than 20 μm and diameter of ∼300 nm have been synthesized by the carbothermal reduction of thermally grown cupric oxide (CuO) NWs. The transformation initiates at a low temperature of 350 °C. Two important effects are observed: First, the CuO → Cu2O reduction occurs by oxygen out diffusion under a highly reducing atmosphere afforded by the presence of carbon monoxide (CO). Second, the surface reduction creates instabilities, which propagate and grow into a string of nodules along the length of the Cu2O NWs. This effect is determined to be due to Rayleigh instability, but initiated via Cu2O phase transformation.
Development aid and disease discourse on display: the mutating techniques of neoliberalism

ABSTRACTThe objective of this essay is to explore the ascendency of discourse in the practice of international development and communication. Two cross-currents in the contemporary discourse of international development, namely development aid and the notoriously variegated concept of neoliberalism, have coalesced in a discourse crisis. This is due largely to competing understandings of neoliberalism – as either a hegemonic project, policy and program, a state form, or governmentality. I will argue that the complexity of development aid and the process of social change in general cannot be reduced to a single understanding of neoliberalism. However, considering neoliberalism as discourse provides a more encompassing framework. This frame has considerable advantages for understanding processes of social change and development aid. The paper will also show that the framework is attuned to the mutating techniques of neoliberalism and discuss the potential of this framework for guiding participation in intern...
An Effective Implemention of Mass Data FFT Based on Single DSP

To solve the contradiction between mass data FFT's demand and limited DSP internal RAM. A method mapping mass data FFT to a series of short data length FFT is proposed for high effect. The method is implemented on TMS320C6701 DSP from TI Corporation. The DMA controller of TMS320C6701 is used for high speed data transfer and mapping. The process time of the method is given and compared with process time on pentium800MHz, which prove the high effect of the method.
The Role of Gut Microflora and the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Neuroendocrine System in Diabetes Mellitus.

The obesity epidemic drastically impacted the state of health care in the United States. Paralleling this epidemic is the incidence of diabetes mellitus, with a notable shift to much younger ages of onset. While central to the pathogenesis of diabetes associated with obesity is the role of inflammation attributed to “adiposopathy” it is now emerging that changes in sympathetic/parasympathetic balance regulated by the brain precedes changes in the inflammatory cascade. It has now been established that gut microflora may contribute significantly to the activation and inhibition of autonomic control and impact the set of the neuroinflammatory inhibitory reflex mediated by the cholinergic nervous system. There has been a paradigm shift towards further investigating commensal bacteria in the gut/brain in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus and its complications, as dysbiosis is thought to play a significant if not pivotal role in diabetic associated disorders. This paper is intended to evaluate the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and examine the potential for restoration of balance via use of probiotics.
The gap between rhetorical education and civic discourse

ABSTRACTI urge more communication rhetoricians to devote scholarly attention to rhetorical education. Toward that end, this essay examines the gap between rhetorical education and civic discourse. Pedagogical initiatives, while essential, must be complemented by scholarly work that conceptualizes, assesses, and contextualizes this gap.
Voltage regulator bin failure improved by optimized circuit layout and novel laser anneal process

Voltage regulators are widely used in a circuit design nowadays. Voltage regulator failure is a critical yield loss in advanced technology nodes. Through a comprehensive study on circuit layout and process optimization, we demonstrated that voltage regulator failure can be tremendously reduced by optimizing the voltage regulators in circuit layout and using the novel laser anneal recipe. These two approaches can be further implemented in more advanced technology nodes.
Chemical Mediators of the Acute Inflammatory Response in Man

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the chemical mediators of the acute inflammatory response in man. Although it is not possible to interrelate fully the diverse ingredients of the inflammatory response, it is possible to identify some of the discrete reaction pathways and to indicate a number of points of interaction. The effector systems of the acute inflammatory response considered in this chapter include the complement system, the kinin-forming sequence, certain aspects of the clotting system, and the secretion of the amines and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from tissue mast cells. The attraction and/or activation of cells such as polymorphonuclear neutrophilic or eosinophilic leukocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and platelets are considered only in relation to the mentioned primary mediator systems. The chapter discusses the complement sequence and its biologically active by-products. The complement system consists of nine distinct serum proteins which interact sequentially to mediate certain of the effects of antigen–antibody interactions. Interrelationships of the kinin-forming system with clotting and fibrinolysis are also analyzed.
Methods for Studying Movement of Molecules Within Cilia

The assembly of cilia and eukaryotic flagella (interchangeable terms) requires the import of numerous proteins from the cell body into the growing organelle. Proteins move into and inside cilia by diffusion and by motor-based intraflagellar transport (IFT). Many aspects of ciliary protein transport such as the distribution of unloading sites and the frequency of transport can be analyzed using direct in vivo imaging of fluorescently tagged proteins. Here, we will describe how to use total internal reflection fluorescence microcopy (TIRFM) to analyze protein transport in the flagella of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a widely used model for cilia and cilia-related disease.
Microelectronics manufacturing science and technology (MMST): single-wafer RTP-based 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS IC fabrication

We have demonstrated the total use of single-wafer processing for fast-cycle-time IC production. Rapid thermal processes have been developed for all the thermal fabrication steps required in two 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technologies. Complete CMOS process integration and 3-day CMOS IC manufacturing cycle time have been demonstrated with all-RTP thermal processing. >
Multiple comparisons with a standard using false discovery rates

We introduce a new framework for performing multiple comparisons with a standard when simulation models are available to estimate the performance of many different systems. In this setting, a large proportion of the systems have mean performance from some known null distribution, and the goal is to select alternative systems whose means are different from that of the null distribution. We employ empirical Bayes ideas to achieve a bound on the false discovery rate (proportion of selected systems from the null distribution) and a desired probability an alternate type system is selected.
Virtual weight loss program for African-American breast cancer survivors: Preliminary results.

163Background: Obesity is associated with higher breast cancer recurrence and death, and poorer health and quality of life. African-American (AA) women have the highest prevalence of obesity, obesity-related comorbidities, and breast cancer mortality compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Weight loss after breast cancer diagnosis may lower rates of recurrence and improve fitness, fatigue, and quality of life. Methods: This 6-month randomized controlled trial pilot-tests the use of a Fitbit activity tracker (Fitbit only group) versus Fitbit plus SparkPeople, a free web-based weight loss program (combined group) among 70 AA breast cancer survivors. Paired t-tests assess changes from baseline to 6-months among each participant in primary (weight, body mass index [BMI], percent body fat) and secondary (24-hour caloric intake, daily number of steps, quality of life, self-monitoring strategies, self-efficacy) outcomes. Two-group t-tests assess differences in outcomes between the two groups. Results: Currentl...
Aspergillus calidoustus case series and review of the literature.

Aspergillus calidoustus, previously classified as Aspergillus ustus, is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised persons. We describe four recent cases of A. calidoustus and review 37 additional cases of A. calidoustus (n = 8) or A. ustus (n = 29) published through June 2016. Twenty (49%) cases occurred in patients with hematologic malignancy and/or receipt of hematopoietic cell transplantation, and 13 (32%) occurred in solid organ transplant recipients. Antifungal susceptibility was reported in 49% of cases and in 42% treatment failed. Overall mortality was 66% and, where reported, attributable mortality was 30%. A. calidoustus infection is associated with a high mortality rate and frequently displays in vitro antifungal resistance.
Detecting and quantifying standing dead tree structural loss with reconstructed tree models using voxelized terrestrial lidar data.

Abstract The structural loss rates of standing dead trees (SDTs) affect a variety of processes of interest to ecologists and foresters, yet the decomposition of SDTs has been traditionally characterized by qualitative decay classes, reductions in wood density as decay progresses, and sampling schemes focused on estimating snag longevity. By establishing a methodology to accurately and efficiently quantify SDT structural loss over time, these estimated structural loss rates would improve the performance of a variety of models and potentially provide new insight as to the manner in which SDTs undergo degradation in various conditions. The specific objective of this study were: 1) utilize the TreeVolX algorithm to estimate the volume of 29 SDTs scanned with terrestrial lidar; 2) develop a novel, voxel-based change detection algorithm capable of providing automated structural loss estimates with multitemporal terrestrial lidar observations; and 3) estimate and characterize the structural loss rates of Pinus taeda and Quercus stellata in southeastern Texas. A voxel-based change detection methodology was developed to accurately detect and quantify structural losses and incorporated several methods to mitigate the challenges presented by shifting tree and branch positions as SDT decay progresses. The volume and structural loss of 29 SDTs, composed of Pinus taeda and Quercus stellata, were successfully estimated using multitemporal terrestrial lidar observations over elapsed times ranging from 71 to 753 days. Pine and oak structural loss rates were characterized by estimating the amount of volumetric loss occurring in 20 equal-interval height bins of each SDT. Results showed that large pine snags exhibited more rapid structural loss in comparison to medium-sized oak snags in southeastern Texas.
Diiron monooxygenases in natural product biosynthesis.

Covering: up to 2017 The participation of non-heme dinuclear iron cluster-containing monooxygenases in natural product biosynthetic pathways has been recognized only recently. At present, two families have been discovered. The archetypal member of the first family, CmlA, catalyzes β-hydroxylation of L-p-aminophenylalanine (L-PAPA) covalently linked to the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) CmlP, thereby effecting the first step in the biosynthesis of chloramphenicol by Streptomyces venezuelae. CmlA houses the diiron cluster in a metallo-β-lactamase protein fold instead of the 4-helix bundle fold of nearly every other diiron monooxygenase. CmlA couples O2 activation and substrate hydroxylation via a structural change caused by formation of the L-PAPA-loaded CmlP:CmlA complex. The other new diiron family is typified by two enzymes, AurF and CmlI, which catalyze conversion of aryl-amine substrates to aryl-nitro products with incorporation of oxygen from O2. AurF from Streptomyces thioluteus catalyzes the formation of p-nitrobenzoate from p-aminobenzoate as a precursor to the biostatic compound aureothin, whereas CmlI from S. venezuelae catalyzes the ultimate aryl-amine to aryl-nitro step in chloramphenicol biosynthesis. Both enzymes stabilize a novel type of peroxo-intermediate as the reactive species. The rare 6-electron N-oxygenation reactions of CmlI and AurF involve two progressively oxidized pathway intermediates. The enzymes optimize efficiency by utilizing one of the reaction pathway intermediates as an in situ reductant for the diiron cluster, while simultaneously generating the next pathway intermediate. For CmlI, this reduction allows mid-pathway regeneration of the peroxo intermediate required to complete the biosynthesis. CmlI ensures specificity by carrying out the multistep aryl-amine oxygenation without dissociating intermediate products.
Simulation of Silicate Melts Under Pressure

Abstract Recent years have seen a considerable increase in the computational investigation of multicomponent silicate melts using classical and first-principles molecular dynamics methods. Here we present recent first-principles simulations of model basalt and midocean ridge basalt melts using density functional theory and explore their structure, thermodynamics, and transport properties over large ranges of pressure and temperature of mantle and magma ocean relevance. We also attempt to reveal underlying microscopic mechanisms and explain the calculated results in relation with available experimental data. The simulated melt structure evolves continuously on compression showing similar cation–anion coordination trends among different compositions and causing rapid melt densification initially with compression. The calculated self-diffusion, electrical conductivity, and viscosity coefficients strongly depend on pressure and temperature, also showing dynamical anomalies at low pressures. More simulations are expected to continue improving our knowledge about magma-forming silicate melts under pressure.
Diffusion of CO2 and fractional free volume in crystalline and amorphous cellulose

Abstract Molecular-scale modeling was used to estimate the diffusion coefficient for CO2 in crystalline and amorphous cellulose. Using the molecular mechanics force field, PCFF, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on CO2-cellulose systems at temperatures between 300 and 800 K using an NPT ensemble. The mean-square displacement for CO2 molecules at each time step was measured, and the diffusivity of CO2 in cellulose calculated. For temperatures between 300 and 800 K, the diffusivity of CO2 through crystalline cellulose was estimated to be between 3.33 × 10−9 and 3.20 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, and between 2.33 × 10−8 and 9.44 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 for amorphous cellulose. The effect of temperature on the diffusivity of CO2 is small with an activation energy of between 16.5 and 16.9 kJ/mol for crystalline cellulose and between 10.2 and 15.1 for amorphous cellulose.
Can Semantic Web Technologies Enable Translational Medicine

The success of new innovations and technologies are very often disruptive in nature. At the same time, they enable novel next generation infrastructures and solutions. These solutions often give rise to creation of new commercial markets and/or introduce great efficiencies in the form of efficient processes and the ability to create, organize, share and manage knowledge effectively. This benefits both researchers and practitioners in a given field of activity. In this chapter, we explore the area of Translational Medicine which aims to improve communication between the basic and clinical sciences so that more therapeutic insights may be derived from new scientific ideas - and vice versa. Translation research goes from bench to bedside, where theories emerging from preclinical experimentation are tested on disease-affected human subjects, and from bedside to bench, where information obtained from preliminary human experimentation can be used to refine our understanding of the biological principles underpinning the heterogeneity of human disease and polymorphism(s). Informatics in general and semantic web technologies in particular, has a big role to play in making this a reality. We present a clinical use case and identify critical requirements, viz., data integration, clinical decision support and knowledge maintenance and provenance, which should be supported to enable translational medicine. Solutions based on semantic web technologies for these requirements are also presented. Finally, we discuss research issues motivated by the gaps in the current state of the art in semantic web technologies: (a) The impact of expressive data and knowledge models and query languages; (b) The role played by declarative specifications such as rules, description logics axioms and the associated querying and inference mechanisms based on these specifications; (c) Architectures for data integration, clinical decision support and knowledge management in the context of the application use case.
Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Adolescence and Early Adulthood Are Associated With Risk of Early Natural Menopause.

Context Early natural menopause (i.e., before age 45 years) is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. Associations of earlier menopause with younger age at menarche and short and/or regular cycle length are suggested, but study findings are inconsistent and few address early menopause risk. Objective To evaluate the relationship between menstrual cycle characteristics in early life with incident early natural menopause. Design The prospective Nurses' Health Study 2 (1989 to 2011). Setting and Participants Women ages 25 to 42 years and premenopausal in 1989 (N = 108,811). Main Outcome Measure(s) Risk of early natural menopause not due to surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy (n = 2794) was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were considered in a nested case-control sample (n = 820). Results In adjusted models, risk was associated with earlier age at menarche (P for trend = 0.05), shorter (P for trend < 0.0001), and more-regular cycles (P for < 0.0001). The hazard ratio (HR) for women with age at menarche ≤9 (vs. 12) years was 1.28 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.67). Women reporting usual menstrual cycle lengths <25 days at ages 18 to 22 years had substantially higher risk of early menopause (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.47 to 1.96) than women with 26- to 31-day cycles, whereas women with ≥40 day cycles had lower risk (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.58). Women with irregular cycle length had lower risk compared with women with regular cycles (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.60). Associations with AMH concentrations among the nested case-control subset were consistent with these findings. Conclusion Results from this large prospective study of early menopause suggest an influence of accelerated oocyte depletion on risk and may help clarify the etiology of early menopause.
The Cyberschool Vision: Living on Planet PA

(1996). The Cyberschool Vision: Living on Planet PA. Journal of Public Administration Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 67-75.
Family Quality of Life When Raising a Child with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS)

ABSTRACTPANDAS is characterized by rapid onset of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and/or tics following streptococcal infection in a previously healthy child. PANDAS is frequently misdiagnosed and mi...
Clinical neurophysiology of NREM parasomnias

The nonrapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias range from age-related developmental phenomena in children to aggressive and injurious motor behaviors in all age groups. These parasomnias are commonly referred to as disorders of arousal and are an important cause of sleep-related injury. Genetic predisposition plays a role in the disorders of arousal, most evident in sleepwalking. Important concepts guiding our current understanding of the pathophysiology of the NREM parasomnias include sleep state instability (a propensity for arousal during NREM sleep), sleep inertia (incomplete awakening from NREM sleep), state dissociation (an ability to simultaneously straddle both NREM sleep and wakefulness), and activation of central pattern generators (permitting expression of subcortically determined motor behaviors without conscious higher cortical input). Management is multifaceted with an emphasis on education and nonpharmacologic measures. The purpose of this chapter is to review wake and NREM neurobiology and update our current understanding of NREM parasomnia pathophysiology, epidemiology, genetics, clinical features, precipitating factors, neurophysiologic evaluation, diagnosis, and clinical management.
Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome after Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

ABSTRACT Inflammatory cytokines released by activated lymphocytes and innate cells in the context of cellular therapy can cause fever, vasodilatation, and end-organ damage, collectively known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS can occur after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation, but is especially prevalent after HLA-haploidentical (haplo) peripheral blood transplantation (PBT). We reviewed charts of all patients who underwent haplo-PBT between October 1, 2013, and September 1, 2017 and graded CRS in these patients. A total of 146 consecutive patients who underwent related haplo-PBT were analyzed. CRS occurred in 130 patients (89%), with most cases of mild severity (grade 0 to 2). Severe CRS (grade 3 to 5) occurred in 25 patients (17%). In this group with severe CRS, 13 patients had encephalopathy, 12 required hemodialysis, and 11 were intubated. Death from the immediate complications of CRS occurred in 6 patients (24% of the severe CRS group and 4% of the entire haplo-PBT cohort). The cumulative probability of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 38% at 6 months for the patients with severe CRS and 8% (121 of 146) in patients without severe CRS. In conclusion, CRS occurs in nearly 90% of haplo-PBTs. Older haplo-PBT recipients (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], .83 to 6.75; P = .11) and those with a history of radiation therapy (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.32 to 11.24; P = .01) are at increased risk of developing severe CRS. Although most recipients of haplo-PBT develop CRS,
Violence and the materiality of power

The issue of political violence is mostly absent from current debates about power. Many conceptions of power treat violence as wholly distinct from or even antithetical to power, or see it as a mer...
Looking Back at White Working-Class Racial Attitudes and Behaviors in the Late 1940s: An Updated Analysis

We re-analyze quantitative and qualitative data from a study of a white, working-class neighborhood in mid-twentieth century Chicago to pursue two research goals. First, we test how attitudes towar...
Identity and the Sexual Minority Refugee: A Discussion of Conceptions and Preconceptions in the United Kingdom and Ireland

IntroductIon All human beings, regardless of their sexual orientation, have the right to the enjoyment and protection of the fundamental freedoms outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by virtue of their humanity.1 However, persons who identify as, or are perceived to be, sexual minorities —lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, or intersex persons—are regularly denied these rights through discriminatory laws or national practices. In 2010, the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA)2 organization reported that countries repeatedly breach the right to life, the right to be free from torture and inhuman treatment, and the right to non-discrimination.3 Although it is each state’s responsibility to protect its citizens and persons living within its territory in accordance with international norms, the rights of sexual minorities often come into conflict with the religious and cultural morals that govern society.4 For example, at least 76 countries continue to prosecute individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation.5 Thirty-eight countries in Africa alone have laws criminalizing homosexuality.6 The ILGA reported that in 2010, same-sex acts were punishable by death in at least five countries: Iran, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen, as well as regions within Nigeria and Somalia.7 Sexual minority refugees often flee situations where states sanction discriminatory actions and policies toward sexual minorities, or where states fail to protect their citizens from persecution on the basis of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity.
Bioinspired bio-voltage memristors

Memristive devices are promising candidates to emulate biological computing. However, the typical switching voltages (0.2-2 V) in previously described devices are much higher than the amplitude in biological counterparts. Here we demonstrate a type of diffusive memristor, fabricated from the protein nanowires harvested from the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens, that functions at the biological voltages of 40-100 mV. Memristive function at biological voltages is possible because the protein nanowires catalyze metallization. Artificial neurons built from these memristors not only function at biological action potentials (e.g., 100 mV, 1 ms) but also exhibit temporal integration close to that in biological neurons. The potential of using the memristor to directly process biosensing signals is also demonstrated. Designing energy efficient systems capable to directly process signals at biological voltages remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a bio-compatible memristor device based on protein-nanowire dielectric, harvested from the bacterium Geobactor sulfurreducens, working at biological voltages.
Sustainability Planning for Healthcare Information Exchanges with Supplier Rebate Program

Can adopting multiple revenue streams secure long-term sustainability of HIEs? Healthcare information exchanges (HIEs) facilitate information sharing among participating healthcare practices. Despi...
Mutual Fund Manager Educational Background and Activeness

Some active mutual funds are more active than others. Indeed, research has found that many so-called active funds are not nearly as active as they appear as they hold a portfolio that can be quite similar to their benchmark index. Furthermore it has generally been found that funds who are consistently active (hold a portfolio that is quite different from the benchmark) but take positions that are sufficiently well diversified across industries (do not have high tracking error), have better risk-adjusted performance. Given the importance of an active fund being truly active, in this paper we try to predict a fund’s activeness by examining mutual fund manager educational characteristics. After controlling for many factors including the firm at which the fund is located, we find that funds with managers who attend higher mean SAT undergraduate schools are significantly more active than other managers. We also find evidence that funds with younger managers and funds with managers who have a large ownership stake in the fund also are significantly more active.
Criticality index conducted in pediatric emergency department triage.

Abstract Objective To develop and analyze the performance of a machine learning model capable of predicting the disposition of patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED) based on triage assessment and historical information mined from electronic health records. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 585,142 ED visits at a pediatric quaternary care institution between 2013 and 2020. An extreme gradient boosting machine learning model was trained on a randomly selected training data set (50%) to stratify patients into 3 classes: (1) high criticality (patients requiring intensive care unit [ICU] care within 4 h of hospital admission, patients who died within 4 h of admission, and patients who died in the ED); (2) moderate criticality (patients requiring hospitalization without the need for ICU care); and (3) low criticality (patients discharged home). Variables considered during model development included triage vital signs, aspects of triage nursing assessment, demographics, and historical information (diagnoses, medication use, and healthcare utilization). Historical factors were limited to the 6 months preceding the index ED visit. The model was tested on a previously withheld test data set (40%), and its performance analyzed. Results The distribution of criticality among high, moderate, and low was 1.5%, 7.1%, and 91.4%, respectively. The one-versus-all area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for high and moderate criticality was 0.982 (95% CI 0.980, 0.983) and 0.968 (0.967, 0.969). The multi-class macro average AUROC and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.976 and 0.754. The features most integral to model performance included history of intravenous medications, capillary refill, emergency severity index level, history of hospitalization, use of a supplemental oxygen device, age, and history of admission to the ICU. Conclusion Pediatric ED disposition can be accurately predicted using information available at triage, providing an opportunity to improve quality of care and patient outcomes.
Regulatory (In)Attention and Earnings Management

We examine the relation between regulatory attention and earnings management. We provide evidence that securities regulators provide most of their comment letters for new accounting standards in the first or second year of new standard effectiveness, consistent with regulators expending more regulatory resources on financial accounts altered by new accounting standards. We expect that firms anticipate where regulators spend regulatory resources and adjust financial reports accordingly to meet earnings expectations. We test this expectation surrounding a recent major accounting standard change for revenue recognition in the U.S. – ASU 2014-09. Consistent with this expectation, we find that firms that just meet or beat analysts’ consensus earnings expectations do so using expenses rather than revenues in the first years of the new revenue recognition standard’s effectiveness. We also find that discretionary revenue is lower for all sample firms and that research and development expenditure is lower for firms that just meet or beat analysts’ earnings expectations in sample years following ASU 2014-09. Finally, we find lower levels of discretionary spending for firms that just meet or beat analysts’ earnings expectations in the post-period vs. the pre-period, with strong evidence for firms that normally focus on revenue maximization. Our evidence suggests that firms understand regulatory resource constraints and manage their financial reports to achieve earnings objectives.
N-Body Problem: Elliptical Galaxies

In Chap. 7 we treated galaxies as if each star orbits in a fixed gravitational field. In fact, the gravity comes from other stars and particles of dark matter, which themselves are moving. How can we analyze a collection of particles that move under the influence of each other’s gravity? While we can write down the exact equations of motion, we should not expect to solve them by hand. Where we can make progress is understanding statistical properties of the motion. The statistical approach is applicable to elliptical galaxies and a range of other systems.
The Strength of Small Freedoms: A Response to Ionin, By Way of Stories Told at the Dacha

In 1997, while pursuing fieldwork in Moscow, I had the great pleasure of becoming acquainted with several members of the Moscow Institute of Sociology who – through their work on the landmark collection, Sud'by Liudei [The Fates of People] 1 – helped to firmly establish a role for life-history approaches in post-Soviet sociology. In one of our discussions, these colleagues shared an article which had recently occupied their attention, 'Freedom in the USSR', by the political scientist L.G. Ionin. 2 They mused that, in certain respects, this article provided a perfect companion piece to Sud'by Liudei.
Autonomy and the Crew–Ground Interaction

Given the tremendous distances involved, expeditions to other planets will result in communication time delays and the inability to resupply or rescue crewmembers at short notice in the event of an emergency. This means that the crews will have to respond to their own crises and develop ways of dealing with the mission objectives autonomously. In contrast, during near-Earth missions on orbit or to the Moon, people on Earth still will be involved with mission planning and provide important support for crewmembers. This chapter takes a closer look at the relationship between space crews and people on the ground under autonomous conditions.
Potential Employers' Views of the Ideal Undergraduate Social Work Curriculum

Abstract Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) curriculum design is generally considered a collaborative process involving educators, students, practitioners, and employers. The social agency contributes in critical economic, pedagogical, and political ways. The literature is ambiguous, however, regarding compatibility of educators' and practitioners' views on curricula, homogeneity of perceived training needs, and societal changes necessitating curriculum revision. In this study, 77 agency personnel reported their views of 56 BSW curriculum items. The development of communication competence, the mastery of content on socialization and the small group, and the cultivation of basic social work values were commonly viewed as essential. BSW program directors, graduates, and potential employers generally had compatible views. Practice conditions—especially service position (direct or indirect), field of practice, and client age group—influenced curriculum priorities. Changes in educational priorities across a decade ...
CRASH 3: Current Status

The computer program, CRASH 3, uses the equations of motion to estimate the changes in velocity of motor vehicles in crashes and their trajectories following a collision. It was developed in the mid -1970's by McHenry at Calspan for use in accident research. There are important limitations on where and how it should be used. CRASH 3 requires a skilled reconstruction of a crash and an interactive execution of the program to provide reasonably accurate results. The paper also discusses the sensitivity of CRASH 3 to various parameters and the potential for improving it. This paper presents the views of its author and not necessarily those of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (Author/TRRL)
The price of safety and economic reliability

Safety, by contrast, is both a consequence and a potential source of risk which is either objective, measured in terms of the probabilities and the consequences that define risk or perceptive—reflecting a state of mind, objective or conditioned. As a result, safety assumes many and compounded forms, such as being protected from consequential events or from being exposed to something that causes a loss. Practically, the word safety is used in many contexts. It may refer to home safety and allude to protective measures taken against external and harmful events (like weather, home invasion, etc.), computer safety in the sense of cyber security or to specific elements in use (stairs, cars, food, etc.). For example, see [2, 5, 15]. By the same token, safety may be inherent to a car’s reliability and to designs constructed to prevent accidental losses (or “safe at any speed” and thereby lead to some drivers to drive recklessy).
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON ACTINOPHAGES FOR STREPTOMYCES VENEZUELAE.

Painter, B. G. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), and S. G. Bradley. Electron microscopic observations on actinophages for Streptomyces venezuelae . J. Bacteriol. 89: 240–244. 1965.—Actinophages MSP2 and MSP8 were treated with various chemical agents to determine the phages9 substructure. Normal MSP2 and MSP8, shadowed with uranium, or negatively stained with uranyl acetate or phosphotungstic acid, were tadpole-shaped. The average overall length of MSP2 was 245 mμ, and of MSP8, 206 mμ. The head width of both phages was approximately 58 mμ; the tail of MSP2 was 161 mμ long, and of MSP8, 137 mμ. Treatment of MSP2 and MSP8 with 7.5 m ammonium hydroxide at 56 C or 8 m urea at room temperature released some of the head contents, and revealed substructures in both the heads and the tails. The tails of phages treated with 7.5 m mercaptoethanol were destroyed. Images
DNA Organization in Human Spermatozoa

: Previous studies from this laboratory on hamster spermatozoa have demonstrated that rodent sperm DNA is packaged into the sperm nucleus in a specific manner by nuclear structures. The entire genome is organized into DNA loop domains attached at their bases to a sperm nuclear matrix, the skeletal structure of the nucleus. When nuclei are completely decondensed, the nuclear matrix dissipates, and the entire genome remains anchored to a single structure located at the base of the tail, termed the nuclear annulus. Here, we have extended these studies to human sperm nuclei, which were found to be similar to hamster. Human sperm DNA was found to be organized into loop domains attached at their bases to a nuclear matrix. The average size of the human sperm halo of DNA surrounding the extracted sperm nucleus (made up of DNA loop domains) was about 50% smaller than those that have been reported for somatic cells (this corresponds to an approximate loop domain size of 26.8 ± 2.1 kb). Human sperm DNA also remained anchored to the base of the tail when completely decondensed, indicating the existence of a nuclear annulus-like structure in human spermatozoa; but, unlike the hamster nuclear annulus, the human annulus could not be isolated because of its structural instability when separated from the tail. Using human centromere repeats as a probe for in situ hybridization, we examined the packaging of individual DNA sequences within the sperm nucleus. These studies demonstrate that human sperm DNA is highly organized by nuclear structures.
Bladder and rectum dose estimations on digitized radiographs for vaginal brachytherapy after hysterectomy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of assessing bladder and rectal point doses, using orthogonal radiographs without treatment planning, for vaginal cylinder applicator (VC), high-dose-rate (HDR) vaginal cuff brachytherapy (BT) after hysterectomy. Thirty-three VC HDR BT treatment plans from 31 postop- erative endometrial cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Single-channel VC with four differing diameters — 2.0 cm, 2.3 cm, 2.6 cm, and 3.0 cm — were analyzed. Dose-distance modeling was performed to estimate bladder and rectal point doses by measuring distances on each orthogonal radiograph without treat- ment planning. The estimated doses were then compared with doses calculated on treatment planning system (TPS). Their percent (%) dose differences were recorded. Analysis was performed for each VC size, ICRU bladder and rectal points, and the closest rectal point. The estimated doses obtained from dose-distance modeling displayed on average less than 2.5% difference when compared with TPS doses at ICRU bladder and rectal points for each VC size. Dose percent differences between estimated values and TPS values were on average 1.9% and 2.5% for ICRU blad- der and rectal point, respectively, regardless of VC sizes. Dose-distance modeling for closest rectal point presented on average 5.4% dose difference when compared with TPS values of all VC sizes. It was feasible to estimate rectal and bladder point doses by measuring distances on orthogonal radiographs without treatment plan- ning. Percent dose differences were 2.5% less for both ICRU bladder and rectal points, regardless of VC sizes. The use of closest rectal point is not recommended for estimating rectal dose.
A pragmatic view on pragmatic trials

Clinical trials have been the main tool used by the health sciences community to test and evaluate interventions, Trials can fall into two broad categories: pragmatic and explanatory. Pragmatic trials are designed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in real-life routine practice conditions, whereas explanatory trials aim to test whether an intervention works under optimal situations. Pragmatic trials produce results that can be generalized and applied in routine practice settings. Since most results from exploratory trials fail to be broadly generalizable, the "pragmatic design" has gained momentum. This review describes the concept of pragmatism, and explains in particular that there is a continuum between pragmatic and explanatory trials, rather than a dichotomy. Special focus is put on the limitations of the pragmatic trials, while recognizing the importance for and impact of this design on medical practice.
Sites of extranodal involvement are prognostic in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database

Approximately a third of the patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma present with extranodal involvement. Our study aims to identify primary extranodal sites of disease associated with prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the rituximab era. A secondary objective is to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with extranodal DLBCL. We included adult patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2009) in whom DLBCL was the first malignancy diagnosed. Extranodal primary sites were divided into 12 groups according to the topography code reported by SEER. Multivariate overall survival (OS) analyses were performed using Cox proportional-hazard regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, and stage. From a total of 25,992 adult DLBCL patients included in our analysis, 32% presented with extranodal primary sites. Gastrointestinal tract (34%), head/neck (HN 14%), and skin/soft tissue (11%) were the most common. In comparison with nodal DLBCL, patients with extranodal involvement were older (with exception of skeletal sites) and presented with earlier stages. In the multivariate analysis, sites associated with worse OS rates were gastrointestinal (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.33; P <0.001), pulmonary (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.38-1.83; P <0.001), and liver/pancreas (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.35-1.85; P <0.001), whereas HN P <0.001). In this population-based study, primary extranodal sites of involvement are associated with distinct outcomes in patients with DLBCL. Gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and liver/pancreas sites had a significant worse outcome than nodal sites.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium haemophilum.

Mycobacterium haemophilum is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, and since 1989, infections caused by this organism have been identified more frequently in the New York City area than in any other region of the United States. A DNA fingerprinting method, based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) was developed. A genomic library of M. haemophilum isolate 1A was constructed; screening the library yielded a recombinant strain that incorporated a genetic element present in multiple copies in the M. haemophilum genome. This clone was used to produce a probe for RFLP analyses of PvuII digests of genomic DNA. We used this probe to determine the RFLP patterns of 43 clinical isolates of M. haemophilum from 28 patients. A total of six distinct patterns were observed. Two patterns, designated types 1 and 2, accounted for 91% of the infections in patients from the New York City area. Two isolates from Arizona had identical patterns but were distinct from those of New York isolates, and an isolate from Israel, the type strain, had another distinct pattern (type 6). The type 6 pattern was also seen in a recent isolate from Norway. All of the type 1 isolates and 60% of the type 2 isolates were recovered from patients with AIDS in the New York City area. This molecular subtyping method should provide a useful tool for epidemiological studies and may help identify the associated risk factors, vehicles, and possible reservoirs of this newly emerging pathogen. Images
Construction and regularity of measure-valued markov branching processes

A construction is given for a general class of measure-valued Markov branching processes. The underlying spatial motion process is an arbitrary Borel right Markov process, and state-dependent offspring laws are allowed. It is shown that such processes are Hunt processes in the Ray weak* topology, and have continuous paths if and only if the total mass process is continuous. The entrance spaces of such processes are described explicitly.
Effective 3-body interaction for mean-field and density-functional theory.

Density functionals for nuclei usually include an effective 3-body interaction that depends on a fractional power of the density. Using insights from the many-body theory of the low-density twocomponent Fermi gas, we consider a new, nonlocal, form for the energy functional that is consistent with the Fock-space representation of interaction operators. In particular, there is a unique spatially nonlocal generalization of the contact form of the interaction that preserves the � 7=3 density dependence required by the many-body theory. We calculate the ground-state energies for particles in a harmonic trap by using the nonlocal induced 3-body interaction and compare them to numerically accurate Green’s function Monte Carlo calculations. Using no free parameters, we find that a nonlocality in the space domain provides a better description of the weak-coupling regime than the local-density approximation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.212501 PACS numbers: 21.60.Jz, 03.75.Ss, 21.60.Ka, 21.65.Mn