cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The stability of viscous fluid flow between rotating cylinders

The stability of the motion of viscous incompressible fluid, of density ρ and kinematic viscosity ν, between two infinitely long coaxial circular cylinders, of radii a and a + d, where d/a is small, is investigated mathematically by the method of small oscillations. The inner cylinder is rotating with angular velocity ω and the outer one with angular velocity αω, and there is a constant pressure gradient parallel to the axis. The fluid therefore has a component velocity W parallel to the axis, in addition to the velocity round the axis. A disturbance is assumed which is symmetrical about the axis and periodic along it. The critical disturbance, which neither increases nor decreases with the time, is periodic with respect to the time (except when W = 0, when the critical disturbance is a steady motion). As Reynolds number of the flow we take | | d/ν, where is the average value of W across the annulus, and we denote by l the wave-length of the disturbance along the axis, by σ/2π the time period of the critical flow, by c the wavelength of the critical flow, by ωc the critical value of ω, and we putapproximately, if α is not nearly equal to 1.
Reading 1D Barcodes with Mobile Phones Using Deformable Templates

Camera cellphones have become ubiquitous, thus opening a plethora of opportunities for mobile vision applications. For instance, they can enable users to access reviews or price comparisons for a product from a picture of its barcode while still in the store. Barcode reading needs to be robust to challenging conditions such as blur, noise, low resolution, or low-quality camera lenses, all of which are extremely common. Surprisingly, even state-of-the-art barcode reading algorithms fail when some of these factors come into play. One reason resides in the early commitment strategy that virtually all existing algorithms adopt: The image is first binarized and then only the binary data are processed. We propose a new approach to barcode decoding that bypasses binarization. Our technique relies on deformable templates and exploits all of the gray-level information of each pixel. Due to our parameterization of these templates, we can efficiently perform maximum likelihood estimation independently on each digit and enforce spatial coherence in a subsequent step. We show by way of experiments on challenging UPC-A barcode images from five different databases that our approach outperforms competing algorithms. Implemented on a Nokia N95 phone, our algorithm can localize and decode a barcode on a VGA image (640 × 480, JPEG compressed) in an average time of 400-500 ms.
Enzymatic Assay for Gentamicin and Related Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

An improved enzymatic assay has been developed for the rapid quantitative measurement of gentamicin or tobramycin in serum and other biological fluids. The assay uses a crude enzyme from Escherichia coli W677/HJR66 that adenylates gentamicin or tobramycin in the presence of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP). Enzymatic adenylation of gentamicin is optimal at 8 mM Mg2+, and the Michaelis constant (K,,) of the enzyme for ATP is 0.043 mM. The modifications introduced here increase the sensitivity and decrease the background radioactivity of the previously described assay. The amount of 14C-ATP required per assay is also reduced, thereby decreasing the cost of the assay. The accuracy of the present method has been demonstrated both in control experiments and with 96 specimens of serum from 59 patients treated with gentamicin. Ten other commonly used antibiotics structurally unrelated to aminoglycosides were tested and do not interfere with the assay. The present method is not suitable for kanamycin assays because the crude enzyme used contains activities that catalyze two different ATP-dependent reactions leading to phosphorylation or adenylation of kanamycin.
The Association of Energetic Storm Particles with Interplanetary Shock Waves

At the earth, the major features of a classic solar particle event are observed to be a velocity dependent onset time (measured from the time of the flare presumed to accelerate the particles), a velocity dependent rise time of some several hours, and a nearly exponential decay time of many hours. The delayed onset and rise is usually explained in terms of a complex particle path whose great length arises because of scattering or diffusion produced by irregularities and fluctuations in the curved interplanetary field; the long decay is interpreted as a slow leakage of particles out of the inner solar system, perhaps through a diffusing barrier far beyond the earth where the solar wind undergoes a subsonic transition (Parker, 1958).
Genome-wide screening for genetic loci associated with noise- induced hearing loss

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the more common sources of environmentally induced hearing loss in adults. In a mouse model, Castaneous (CAST/Ei) is an inbred strain that is resistant to NIHL, while the C57BL/6J strain is susceptible. We have used the genome-tagged mice (GTM) library of congenic strains, carrying defined segments of the CAST/Ei genome introgressed onto the C57BL/6J background, to search for loci modifying the noise-induced damage seen in the C57BL/6J strain. NIHL was induced by exposing 6-8-week old mice to 108 dB SPL intensity noise. We tested the hearing of each mouse strain up to 23 days after noise exposure using auditory brainstem response (ABR). This study identifies a number of genetic loci that modify the initial response to damaging noise, as well as long-term recovery. The data suggest that multiple alleles within the CAST/Ei genome modify the pathogenesis of NIHL and that screening congenic libraries for loci that underlie traits of interest can be easily carried out in a high-throughput fashion.
Participatory Conservation of Coastal Habitats: The Importance of Understanding Homeowner Decision Making to Mitigate Cascading Shoreline Degradation

Along densely populated coasts, the armoring of shorelines is a prevalent cause of natural habitat loss and degradation. This article explores the values and decision making of waterfront homeowners and identifies two interlinked and potentially reversible drivers of coastal degradation. We discovered that: (1) misperceptions regarding the environmental impacts and cost-effectiveness of different shoreline conditions was common and may promote armoring; and (2) many homeowners reported only altering their shorelines in response to damage caused by armoring on neighboring properties. Collectively, these findings suggest that a single homeowner's decision may trigger cascading degradation along a shoreline, which highlights the necessity of protecting existing large stretches of natural shoreline. However, our study also found that most homeowners were concerned with environmental impacts and preferred the aesthetics of natural landscapes, both of which could indicate nascent support and pathways for conservation initiatives along residential shorelines.
Long-term surgical outcomes of patients with glaucoma secondary to the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

Abstract Purpose To report the long-term outcomes of patients with iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome who required surgery for glaucoma. Design Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants Twenty-six patients with ICE syndrome who underwent surgery for glaucoma at one institution between January 1987 and January 2000. Main outcome measures Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, number of glaucoma medications, and further surgical interventions were measured. Results Five eyes had a trabeculectomy with an antifibrotic agent alone, seven eyes had a trabeculectomy with an antifibrotic agent and a subsequent glaucoma drainage implant (GDI), and 14 eyes had a GDI alone. In eyes that underwent a trabeculectomy with an antifibrotic agent, preoperative IOP was reduced from a mean of 38.8 ± 10.5 mmHg on 2.3 ± 0.8 glaucoma medications to a mean of 11.8 ± 4.3 mmHg on 1.2 ± 1.4 medications at last follow-up after surgery (83.8 ± 40.3 months). In eyes that underwent GDI surgery, preoperative IOP was reduced from a mean of 35.2 ± 13.0 mmHg on 2.0 ± 1.3 glaucoma medications to a mean of 8.7 ± 11.2 mmHg on 1.2 ± 1.1 medications at last follow-up after surgery (50.5 ± 40.7 months). Twenty-four eyes (92%) had an IOP less than 22 mmHg, and 22 eyes (85%) had visual acuity 20/400 or better at last follow-up (55.8 ± 41.5 months). Mean number of glaucoma surgeries per patient over the follow-up period was 1.6 ± 1.2. Trabeculectomy with antifibrotic agents had a survival of 73% at 1 year, 44% at 3 years, and 29% at 5 years. Glaucoma drainage implants had a survival of 71% at 1 year, 71% at 3 years, and 53% at 5 years. Conclusions Glaucoma associated with ICE syndrome can be managed successfully surgically, although multiple procedures are often needed.
Interpretation of high-resolution spectra of Mars I. CO2 abundance and surface pressure derived from the curve of growth

Abstract High-resolution spectra of Mars were obtained by Pierre and Janine Connes. These have been used to obtain a curve of growth for carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide lines formed in the Martian atmosphere. A rotational temperature of 201° ± 6°K is found for the CO2 lines while the CO lines indicate a temperature of 203° ± 8°K. By a nonlinear least-squares fit to the curve of growth we find, for an air mass η = 3.5, an approximate CO2 abundance of 70 m-atm and a surface pressure of 5 mb. This surface pressure is approximately equal to the CO2 partial pressure.
The effect of in vitro treatment of bovine embryos with IGF-1 on subsequent development in utero to Day 14 of gestation.

Culture of bovine embryos with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) can improve development to the blastocyst stage and embryo survival following transfer to heat-stressed, lactating dairy cows. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether IGF-1 could improve embryo survival and development at Day 14 after ovulation. In Experiment 1, non-lactating Holstein cows (n = 58) were selected as recipients following synchronization for timed-embryo transfer. Embryos were produced in vitro and cultured with or without 100 ng/mL IGF-1. At Day 7 after expected ovulation (Day 0), groups of 7–12 embryos were randomly transferred to each recipient. Embryos were recovered at Day 14. Embryo length and the presence or absence of an embryonic disc was recorded. Recovered embryos were cultured individually for 24 h to determine interferon-t (IFN-t) secretion. There was no effect of IGF-1 on embryo recovery rate, embryo length or IFN-t secretion. In Experiment 2, non-lactating (n = 56) and lactating (n = 35) Holstein cows were selected as recipients following synchronization for timed-embryo transfer. Embryos were produced as described in Experiment 1. At Day 7 after expected ovulation (Day 0), a single embryo was randomly transferred to each recipient. Embryos were recovered at Day 14. Embryo length and IFN-t secretion were determined as in Experiment 1. Recovery rate at Day 14 tended (P = 0.1) to be higher for recipients that received IGF-1 treated embryos compared to control embryos (43.2% versus 26.1%, respectively). There was no effect of IGF-1 on embryo length or IFN-t secretion. In conclusion, results suggest that exposure to IGF-1 through Days 7–8 of development does not enhance capacity of embryos to prevent luteolysis. Results of the single embryo-transfer experiment suggested that IGF-1 treatment might affect embryo survival post-transfer as early as Day 14 after ovulation. Further experimentation is warranted to verify this finding.
Pollination Biology of Darlingtonia californica (Sarraceniaceae), the California Pitcher Plant

Abstract The pollination ecology of Darlingtonia californica Torr., including especially the identity of its pollinators, has remained enigmatic for more than a century. The flowers of this well-known charismatic species are unusual in form and color, and have been the subject of much speculation. Accordingly, in this study we sought to identify D. californica's floral visitors and determine their potential effectiveness as pollinators, in the context of D. californica's unusual floral morphology. We also used hand-pollinations and emasculations to determine whether plants were pollen-limited at five study sites in northwest California, and to evaluate the potential for self-pollination in natural populations of D. californica. A generalist solitary bee, Andrena nigrihirta, visited and pollinated D. californica flowers at five sites in northern CA. Despite very low visitation rates, individual flowers at all study sites were predicted to receive at least one visit by A. nigrihirta. Other regular floral vi...
Outlaw motorcyclists: An outgrowth of lower class cultural concerns

The article compares the value system and lifestyle of three groups of deviant motorcyclists in the Tennessee‐Kentucky area to the focal concerns of lower class culture described by Walter Miller in his classic study of adolescent gang delinquency. Some striking parallels between the values of the two groups are noted. Some differences in the focal concern are noted, but the differences seem to be due primarily to the age differential between the two groups. Although both groups subscribe to lower class values and share most of the focal concerns described by Miller, the outlaw motorcyclists appear at least partially the products of downward mobility, which may be a result of subscribing to lower class values and concerns.
A Transactions Data Test of Stock Index Futures Market Efficiency and Index Arbitrage Profitability

This paper investigates the efficiency of the market for stock index futures and the profitability of index arbitrage for The Chicago Board of Trade's Major Market Index contracts. The spot value of the index is computed with transactions prices for the component shares of the index obtained from the Fitch database. The tests account for transaction costs, execution lags, and the uptick rule for short sales of stocks. Results indicate that the size and frequency of boundary violations are substantially smaller than those reported by earlier studies and have declined sharply with time. INDEX ARBITRAGE IS A strategy whereby institutions, brokerage houses, or other large investors seek to profit from the spread between prices in the spot and futures markets for stock indices. For example, an investor might purchase predetermined baskets of stocks on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange and simultaneously sell a related index futures contract on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade, hoping to profit from the price differences on the two exchanges. Computer programs constantly monitor stock and futures prices and automatically execute buy and sell orders when it appears that a profit is possible. Stock index futures can be priced by a simple arbitrage argument. If the dividends paid by the underlying basket of shares and interest rates are nonstochastic, markets are perfect, and there are no taxes, the pricing equation is:
The problem with “the Paleoptera Problem:” sense and sensitivity

Abstract While the monophyly of winged insects (Pterygota) is well supported, phylogenetic relationships among the most basal extant pterygote lineages are problematic. Ephemeroptera (mayflies) and Odonata (dragonflies) represent the two most basal extant lineages of winged insects, and determining their relationship with regard to Neoptera (remaining winged insects) is a critical step toward understanding insect diversification. A recent molecular analysis concluded that Paleoptera (Odonata + Ephemeroptera) is monophyletic. However, we demonstrate that this result is supported only under a narrow range of alignment parameters. We have further tested the monophyly of Paleoptera using additional sequence data from 18SrDNA, 28S rDNA, and Histone 3 for a broader selection of taxa and a wider range of analytical methodologies. Our results suggest that the current suite of molecular data ambiguously resolve the three basal winged insect lineages and do not provide independent confirmation of Odonata + Neoptera as supported via morphological data.
Biogeographic and Phylogenetic Diversity of Thermoacidophilic Cyanidiales in Yellowstone National Park, Japan, and New Zealand

Members of the rhodophytan order Cyanidiales are unique among phototrophs in their ability to live in extreme environments that combine low pH levels ( approximately 0.2 to 4.0) and moderately high temperatures of 40 to 56 degrees C. These unicellular algae occur in far-flung volcanic areas throughout the earth. Three genera (Cyanidium, Galdieria, and Cyanidioschyzon) are recognized. The phylogenetic diversity of culture isolates of the Cyanidiales from habitats throughout Yellowstone National Park (YNP), three areas in Japan, and seven regions in New Zealand was examined by using the chloroplast RuBisCO large subunit gene (rbcL) and the 18S rRNA gene. Based on the nucleotide sequences of both genes, the YNP isolates fall into two groups, one with high identity to Galdieria sulphuraria (type II) and another that is by far the most common and extensively distributed Yellowstone type (type IA). The latter is a spherical, walled cell that reproduces by internal divisions, with a subsequent release of smaller daughter cells. This type, nevertheless, shows a 99 to 100% identity to Cyanidioschyzon merolae (type IB), which lacks a wall, divides by "fission"-like cytokinesis into two daughter cells, and has less than 5% of the cell volume of type IA. The evolutionary and taxonomic ramifications of this disparity are discussed. Although the 18S rRNA and rbcL genes did not reveal diversity among the numerous isolates of type IA, chloroplast short sequence repeats did show some variation by location within YNP. In contrast, Japanese and New Zealand strains showed considerable diversity when we examined only the sequences of 18S and rbcL genes. Most exhibited identities closer to Galdieria maxima than to other strains, but these identities were commonly as low as 91 to 93%. Some of these Japanese and New Zealand strains probably represent undescribed species that diverged after long-term geographic isolation.
Editor-in-chief's introduction to the issue: The Architecture of action's perceptual basis: theory and issues. Introduction.

This is a very special issue of Journal of Motor Behavior: A Multidisciplinary Journal of Movement Neuroscience. First, this the last issue for which Dr. Dagmar Sternad serves as an executive edito...
The benefits of selecting phenotype-specific variants for applications of mixed models in genomics

Applications of linear mixed models (LMMs) to problems in genomics include phenotype prediction, correction for confounding in genome-wide association studies, estimation of narrow sense heritability, and testing sets of variants (e.g., rare variants) for association. In each of these applications, the LMM uses a genetic similarity matrix, which encodes the pairwise similarity between every two individuals in a cohort. Although ideally these similarities would be estimated using strictly variants relevant to the given phenotype, the identity of such variants is typically unknown. Consequently, relevant variants are excluded and irrelevant variants are included, both having deleterious effects. For each application of the LMM, we review known effects and describe new effects showing how variable selection can be used to mitigate them.
Resistance as Edgework in Violent Intimate Relationships of Drug -Involved Women

Intimate relationships marked by partner violence are also characterized by sociological ambivalence— the incompatible and sometimes contradictory normative expectations and privileges granted to each partner in the relationship. This ethnographic interview study of poor, minority, drug-involved women in violent relationships examines one mode of response to this sociological ambivalence: edgework-resistance. ‘Edgework’ describes volitional risk-taking activities in which individuals court physical injury but deploy context-specific expertise to avoid it. As applied to situations of intimate partner violence (IPV), edgework-resistance gives oppressed women the opportunity to experience the embodied rewards of self-authorship. This paper explores how edgework may be differentiated across gender, class and race, and it refines the resistance concept by specifying both when resistance is likely to occur and what the specific rewards of resistance may be.
Dynamic time warping comb filter for the enhancement of speech degraded by white Gaussian noise

An attempt is made to enhance speech degraded by added noise by exploiting the periodic nature of voiced speech. A modification of the adaptive comb filter is employed for this purpose. Problems which may arise when using the periodicity of the speech for enhancement include significant distortion caused by comb filtering a time-varying waveform (called temporal smearing) as well as the variation in pitch from period to period (called overload). It is shown that the dynamic time warping (DTW) comb filter corrects for variations in the vocal tract as well as the variation in pitch by using DTW. A computationally straightforward but suboptimal implementation of the time warping algorithm is used to improve the performance of the comb filter algorithm. Performance is based on computational complexity, informal listening tests, and segmental SNR. >
Self-esteem erotophobia and retention of contraceptive and AIDS information in the classroom.

The relationship between a negative emotional orientation toward sexuality and ineffective contraception specifically that people with high self-esteem avoid or ignore threatening information is explored. High self-esteem erotophobics would have trouble learning about contraception and AIDS but erotophobia alone does not effect learning sexual information. The study population was 124 female undergraduate students enrolled in a human reproduction class; the control population was enrolled in introductory psychology classes. The cells were 2 x 2 x 2: erotophobic/erotophilic high self-esteem/low self-esteem and experimental/control. Questionnaires were given to the volunteers on 1) sexual activity 2) Rosenbergs Self Esteem Inventory 3) the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS) and 4) a multiple choice knowledge test on birth control and etiology and prevention of AIDS (given at the beginning and end of the semester); grade point average (GPA) was also obtained. The control and experimental groups were the same but because of the differences in the median SOS where the experimental group was more erotophilic 2 groups were formed for experimental subjects: 52 and equal to SOS scores and erotophilic/ controls were grouped as 42 or equal to and erotophilic. In the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA with GPA as a control) of knowledge of birth control the experimental group was initially more knowledgeable than controls. Erotophilics tended to perform better than erotophobics (m=14.01 vs. 13.47) on birth control and on AIDS information (m=10.25 vs. 9.81). Only the experimental groups change over time it was found that high self-esteem erotophobic had less improvement over time. Changes in the high esteem erotophobic group were smaller than the low self-esteem erotophilics. Low erotophobics and erotophilics learned sexual material similarly. High self-esteem erotophobics showing little improvement in knowledge is partially explained by other behavior i.e. erotophobics may have avoided lectures or tuned out information. The implications are that messages should not dwell on arousing fear or sexual anxiety but should capture ones attention. High self-esteem erotophobic subjects need affirmation of prominent sexual values to effectively eliminate thought-distorting defenses i.e. denial and rationalization.
A typology of ‘innovation districts’: what it means for regional resilience

In this article, we engage the question of regional resilience theoretically and empirically. Our theoretical approach merges discussions of regional development in evolutionary economic geography (primarily UK based) with regional resilience in urban planning (primarily US based) using Markusen's industrial districts as a framework for analysis (1996). We use data on ‘triadic’ patents (USA, Japan and Europe) to measure regional innovation, both per capita by region and categorized by firm size for regions in the USA. We then use this data to create a ‘typology of innovation districts’. Our analysis suggests that policies encouraging small-firm innovation have broad benefits for regional economies.
Case 1: Clavicular Pain of 2 Months’ Duration in a 9-year-old Girl

1. Rebecca C. Brady, MD* 2. Alvin H. Crawford, MD* 1. *Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. A 9-year-old girl presents with a 2-month history of left clavicle pain. She has no history of trauma, fever, chills, or weight loss. She developed swelling of her left lateral clavicle about 2 weeks ago, but there has been no redness or drainage. Her past medical history is unremarkable. She lives with her family on a farm in southern Kentucky. On physical examination, her vital signs are within normal parameters. There is tenderness and firm swelling over the lateral one-third of the left clavicle without overlying warmth or skin changes. The range of motion of her left shoulder is normal. No cervical, axillary, or supraclavicular adenopathy is present. Her lungs are clear. The rest of the physical examination findings are normal. A radiograph of the left clavicle reveals bony expansion and periosteal reaction involving the inferior border of the left distal clavicle. Because this finding is concerning for a bone tumor, additional laboratory and radiographic studies are obtained. The white blood cell count is 7,900/μL (7.9 × 109/L) with a differential count of 70% segmented neutrophils, 23% lymphocytes, and 7% monocytes. Platelet count is 328 …
The Effect of Carbon Monoxide as a Respiratory Inhibitor on the Production of Dominant Lethal Mutations by X-Rays in Drosophila.

Dominant lethal damage in immature germ cells of Drosophila virilis, obtained by x radiation in CO, is drastically enhanced by the presence of very small amounts of oxygen. These small amounts of oxygen which would easily be removed by celluiar respination get access to the vicinity of the chromosomes if respiration in the cytoplasm is blocked. Post-treatment with CO + 5% O/sub 2/ for nine hours in the dark with the files immobilized by the CO showed no effect on the x-ray-induced dominant lethal rate obtained from mature and immature stsges of male germ cells. (auth)
Vitellogenesis and Viviparity

In vertebrates, there are three principal modes of nutrition for developing embryos: (1) the laying down of food stores, synthesized in the liver, in the oocyte (vitellogenesis) (this is the most common mode in nonmammalian species); (2) the direct provision of nutrients to the developing young through the intermediary of the uterine wall by either secretory activity (histotroph) or (3) a direct maternal connection (placentation) (Table I). In egg-laying vertebrates, yolk is the only source of fetal nutrition; however, in live-bearing (viviparous) species, at least two of these mechanisms may exist in an individual. Thus, aplacental rays and torpedos have eggs with a very small amount of endogenous yolk, sufficient only for early development. The bulk of the nutrients are supplied as ‘‘histotroph”* by specialized secretory elements of the reproductive tract. In ‘‘placental” elasmobranchs (some sharks), yolk is present and may be reduced in amount, but the yolk-sac placenta forms a site for exchange of nutrients from the mother to the fetus. This is also true of placental reptiles (certain small lizards and snakes). However, in reptiles both a yolk-sac placenta (choriovitelline or omphaloplacenta) and the phylogenetically newer chorioallantoic placenta exist and function sequentially depending on the quantity of endogenous yolk supplied with the egg. In eutherian mammals, no true yolk is present in the eggs, the developing young being dependent on histotroph from the secretory epithelium for variable times depending on the species (Table II).
Isolation of Lactoferrin cDNA From a Human Myeloid Library and Expression of mRNA During Normal and Leukemic Myelopoiesis

Lactoferrin is a major constituent of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules and is present in mature neutrophils but not in blasts or promyelocytes. We have isolated a cDNA probe for lactoferrin and used it to study the synthesis of lactoferrin mRNA by normal and leukemic granulocyte precursors. The probe pHL-41 has been subcloned in phage m13 and characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. pHL-41 contains approximately 40% of the coding sequence of the lactoferrin gene. The 3' untranslated region includes a stop codon and a possible polyadenylation signal. There is a greater than 98% agreement between the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence and that determined by analysis of the protein. Myeloid cells from normal bone marrow and circulating leukocytes from patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia contain lactoferrin mRNA transcripts that are indistinguishable in size and relative quantity. The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 contains no lactoferrin mRNA. Induction of monocytic or granulocytic differentiation fails to induce the synthesis of detectable lactoferrin message. Similarly, studies with the human myeloblastic leukemia cell line PLB-985 reveal the inability of these cells to produce lactoferrin mRNA even under conditions that bring about morphologically demonstrable granulocytic differentiation. These data suggest that granulocytic differentiation in the leukemic cell lines is incomplete or defective. The presence of lactoferrin may play a role in the orderly expression of the genetic program leading to the development of the normal mature granulocyte.
Legitimation Strategies in Journalism

In Madison, Wisconsin, a member of a typically marginalized community challenged the status quo with the proposal for a charter school dedicated to Black youth. A year of debate ensued in mainstream news organizations and social media. Calling on critical race theory, this research compares the legitimation strategies of journalists to school officials, activists, and others writing online. Using textual analysis and in-depth interviews, the evidence demonstrated that even as journalists and others worked to reinforce the status quo by drawing from dominant institutions and principal storylines, the digital work of authentication and grassroots organizing of African-Americans and other supporters of the charter school forced an alternative discourse to develop—one centered on experiences of inequities. The article also shows how organizational constraints stymie well-meaning reporters when trying to story-tell about issues of race, and how all of these strategies from both Blacks and Whites come from a pl...
The Deterioration of Corporate Fiduciary Duties and Managerial Accountability

The accountability of corporate managers for their mismanagement and under management is declining. A major contributing factor to this decline in accountability is the deterioration in the fiduciary standards by which we measure the propriety of corporate managerial conduct. In this paper I look at two rules offered from influential quarters, rules that - especially when considered together - significantly reduce the accountability of corporate managers for actions that are not in the best interests of the corporation and its shareholders. The first of the proffered rules is that corporate managers should not be accountable for a lack of due care in their decisions. Advocates for this rule justify it as providing an incentive for managers to take value creating risks. The second rule is that managers should be free to allocate and re-allocate corporate wealth among various privileged corporate constituencies. Advocates for this rule justify it as providing an incentive for the investment of efficient levels of firm specific capital by those who provide monetary and human capital to corporations. These two proffered rules generate no material disagreement on matters of principle, at least, certainly, not from me. Indeed, the principles on which the rules are based - that it is good to encourage corporate managers to take value creating risks and that it is good to encourage efficient levels of investment of firm specific capital - are at the very heart of economic efficiency and fairness in the relationship between a corporation and its managers.My polemic, therefore, is not about principles but, instead, about facts - about the vast factual expanse between the proffered rules and the principles used to support the rules. The multiple and essential factual assumptions necessary to connect the principles to the rules not only are unproven empirically but also are counter intuitive and seem to get only more factually improbable when unpacked and analyzed closely. In short, the factual assumptions offered in support of the two rules amount to a thin reed and do not meet what should be a heavy burden required of those who propose a reduction in corporate managerial accountability. A strong version of corporate fiduciary duties promotes efficient and fair outcomes. Accountability on the part of corporate managers for their actions and decisions is integral to achieving these good results. Without a regime that includes strong fiduciary duties and accountability for the full value of the economic loss that results from managers' decisions, achieving efficiency and fairness is less likely.
Mrs. Spring Fragrance. By Sui Sin Far (Edith Maude Eaton)

Edited by Hsuan L. Hsu; Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Edition, 2011. 305 pp. hardcover, $33.80; softcover, $19.95.
Murine AIDS Cured by Low Dosage Total Body Irradiation

Animal models are useful for establishing the potential efficacy of various treatment protocols. A murine hematological disease induced by Friend leukemia virus (FLV, retrovirus) is accompanied by a severe immunodeficiency syndrome termed Murine AIDS (M-AIDS) (1–3). We have demonstrated that mice infected with a lethal dose of FVC can be 100% cured by 150 cGY total body irradiation (TBI) clinical trials with AIDS patients(6).
The problem with medication reconciliation

‘The Problem with…’ series covers controversial topics related to efforts to improve healthcare quality, including widely recommended but deceptively difficult strategies for improvement and pervasive problems that seem to resist solution. Medication reconciliation (‘med rec’, as it is often called) refers to the ‘process of identifying the most accurate list of all medications a patient is taking … and using this list to provide correct medications for patients anywhere within the health system’.1 Two recent systematic reviews summarised the evidence for med rec interventions, finding that several med rec interventions reduced medication history errors and errors in patients’ admission and discharge medication regimens.2 ,3 Despite documented efficacy in reducing errors, there are caveats. An earlier literature review showed that the clinical significance of medication history errors varies substantially—between 11% and 59%.4 Furthermore, although errors associated with harm were prevented in those studies that examined it,2 adverse drug events (ADEs) have been infrequently examined. Also, only a few studies have shown decreased healthcare usage,5 ,6 and to our knowledge none have shown direct cost savings. Despite imperfect evidence, The US Joint Commission and Accreditation Canada initially mandated universal med rec in 2005.7 ,8 In addition to the subset of aforementioned evidence in existence at that time, these mandates were driven by frequent anecdotes of ADEs related to med rec errors and strong face-validity of preserving and communicating medication information across patient encounters. Unfortunately, although some organisations mobilised substantial resources to comply with these mandates, other organisations undoubtedly improved documentation of med rec (as per the mandate requirements) rather than actual medication safety.9 Although most studies of med rec interventions report positive results, at least one review found publication bias:2 many negative experiences associated with med rec interventions were never reported. …
Coresidential Father Transitions and Biological Parents’ Coparenting Quality in Early and Middle Childhood

This study examined how the entrances and exits of biological and social fathers into and out of children’s households were associated with biological parents’ coparenting quality. Piecewise growth curve models tested for variation in these associations between child ages 1 and 3, 3 and 5, and 5 and 9. Data came from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2,394). Results indicated that in all three age intervals, a biological father’s entrance was associated with a contemporaneous increase in coparenting quality, whereas his exit was associated with a contemporaneous decrease. A biological father’s exit between child ages 1 and 3, or 3 and 5, was associated with declining coparenting quality in subsequent intervals. A social father’s entrance was consistently associated with a contemporaneous decrease in the biological parents’ coparenting quality, whereas his exit was associated with a contemporaneous increase between ages 3 and 5, and 5 and 9.
Containment in interlocution-based fieldwork encounters: Thought, theory, and transformative thinking:

This article theorizes a single dimension of interlocution-based fieldwork: that of serving as a ‘container’ for the emotions of our interlocutors. I focus on the dynamic of ‘containment’ of messages in fieldwork interactions that arrest the ethnographer in the task of thinking. This arrest draws attention to the need to connect emotion to thought in order to learn from experience. That connection contributes essentially to the goal of ‘transformative thinking’: to awaken new qualities of relatedness and aliveness. I argue that not all interactions produce encounters that result in experience in which we are prodded to think. Many interactions are immediately cognized and understood because they seem to leave us emotionally untouched. Scholars who avoid or dismiss such moments of arrest tend to unwittingly replace the verification of perceptions with the authorization of results as the primary legitimation of knowledge acquisition. Verification requires thinking through the lived experience of the ethnogr...
Paint Blister Reason and Solution of Electronic Equipment during Damp Heat Test

Three-proof design is usually used in electronic equipment to improve its environmental adaptability.For the equipment manufactured with mature structure,the same material and surface processing technology,the paint blister is found in the middle of the equipment underside during damp heat test.However,the former similar products,whether separated or installed together,have passed the damp heat test successfully and the surface paint is normal.It is found by analysis and processing test that the paint blister occurs because the paint has been dipped in damp-heat water too long during damp heat test.The problem of paint blister can be solved effectively by improving equipment surface processing technology or mounting structure design.
High-risk obstetrics. VI. An evaluation of the effects of intensified care on pregnancy outcome.

Abstract The effects of intensified obstetric care were evaluated in a sample of 98 Caucasian and 55 Negro patients. Patients were selected who had experienced a minimum of 2 previous conceptions and for having their initial visits to the High-Risk Clinic before the week of termination of their 2 preceding pregnancies, which were employed as the standard of comparison. In the Negro sample, only random differences were observed among the 3 pregnancies, i.e., the first high-risk-care pregnancy and the 2 prior gestations. However, in the Caucasian sample the results revealed that a higher proportion of pregnancies receiving intensified care achieved more than 35 weeks of gestation and resulted in live births than in either of the 2 control pregnancies. In both instances, the differences among the proportions in the three pregnancies are statistically significant, thus indicating the positive influence of specialized care on pregnancy outcome in this sample.
MRI of the prostate.

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in the world. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the American male population and the second most lethal cancer in American men. However, concurrent benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs in almost all men developing the malignancy (although the two processes are unrelated) and many others who have no evidence of cancer. Imaging evaluation of the prostate can be for diagnostic or staging purposes. While MRI can be used on occasion for diagnostic evaluation of prostatic disease, it is most often reserved for evaluation of men with known pathology. The use of MRI is important to plan the appropriate therapeutic approach to men with prostate cancer. An understanding of the newer concepts of anatomy, origins of disease, spread of cancer, and the clinical implications of pathological change of the prostate are important and are discussed in this article. The uses of MRI, the deficiencies of the study, the techniques needed to utilize the modality appropriately, and diagnostic criteria and limitations are also discussed.
Rational spaces in resolving classes

Abstract A class of pointed spaces is called a resolving class if it is closed under weak equivalences and pointed homotopy limits. Let R ( A ) denote the smallest resolving class containing a space A. We say X is A-resolvable if X is in R ( A ) , which induces a partial order on the category pointed spaces. We develop an algebraic criterion for determining if X is A-resolvable when X and A are rational spaces. The goal of this work is to develop some understanding of the structure of this resolvability relation, and in particular to use our algebraic criterion to help us better understand the rational case.
Chronic Pruritus and Connective Tissue Disorders: Review, Gaps, and Future Directions

Chronic itch is a common skin manifestation in many connective tissue diseases. However, the cause of chronic itch in these diseases is still not fully understood. The complex, and in some cases incomplete understanding of, pathogenesis in each condition makes it difficult to target specific mediators of chronic itch. It is important to better understand the pathophysiology of chronic itch in these conditions, as this information might provide a fuller understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases in general and lead to the development of more specific treatments for connective tissue diseases in patients with chronic itch. We present a review of the literature on what is known about the prevalence, possible pathophysiology, and effect on quality of life of chronic itch in patients with scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and mixed connective tissue disease.
Political Censorship of Caricature

In 1857 the French Minister of Fine Arts, Achille Fould, told a group of young artists that ‘Art is very close to being lost when it abandons the pure and lofty regions of the beautiful and the traditional paths of the great masters.’ He warned against ‘seeking only the servile imitation of the least poetic and least elevated of what nature has to offer’.1 Almost fifty years later, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany expressed the same outlook, in characteristically far earthier tones, in a famous denunciation of what he called ‘gutter art’ (Rinnsteinkunst): When art, as often happens today, shows us only misery, and shows it to us even uglier than misery is anyway, then art commits a sin against the German people. The supreme task of our cultural effort is to foster our ideals. … if culture is to fulfill its task completely it must reach down to the lowest levels of the population. That can be done only if art holds out its hand to raise the people up, instead of descending into the gutter.2
Role of nuclear pore complex in ovarian cancer chemoresistance

Tamara Kalir, M.D., Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Pathology at The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, where she serves as Director of the Division of Gynecologic Pathology, Director of the Fellowship in Gynecologic Pathology, and works with co-researchers Stave Kohtz, Ph.D., and Yayoi Kinoshita, D.D.S., on nuclear pores in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. A ovarian carcinoma ranks fifth among cancer-related deaths in American women, it is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in the U.S. The treatment mainstay for ovarian cancer historically has been and remains surgical debulking, followed by chemotherapy. Preferred first-line agents are cisplatin and carboplatin. The emergence of cancer cell multi-drug resistance has spurred research efforts toward developing countermeasures. Among the many methods of drug resistance employed by cancer cells, are malfunctioning plasma membrane transporter proteins. We took a novel approach of bypassing the plasma membrane, and investigated nuclear membrane pore complexes (NPCs).
Minimization of Lyapunov Functions

In this chapter we give a general overview of utilizing extremum seeking (ES) to stabilize a large class of systems, and discuss the strength of the approach for systems with unknown control directions, providing a stabilizing controller that is more robust than traditional Nussbaum type control.
Serologic testing for sexually transmitted diseases

This article addresses current issues regarding serologic testing for selected STDs, particularly those for which serologic testing has been useful for diagnosis, monitoring therapy, or seroepidemiology. For each selected pathogen, the authors discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the serologic tests as diagnostic assays, as measures of disease incidence and relevance, and as prospective markers identifying risk alterations in a given population. Also, for some conditions such as syphilis, the usefulness of serology as a measure of therapy or success of disease intervention is briefly outlined.
Queer utopias and a (Feminist) Iranian vampire: a critical analysis of resistive monstrosity in A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night*

ABSTRACTIn 2014, the black and white vampire spaghetti western, A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night (AGWHAAT) follows the narrative of the Girl, a forlorn chador-wearing feminist-vampire-vigilante in the fictional world of Bad City. In this queer utopia, the Girl preys on immoral men so that she can protect the female residents of Bad City from the violence of patriarchy. We explore themes of monstrous feminisms and queer doublings to consider how the film uses the trope of the vampire to manifest queer utopias and reflect Iranian and Iranian-American feminist themes.
Lung cancer disparities and African-Americans

African-Americans, as historically disadvantaged minorities, have more advanced stages of cancer when diagnosed, lower survival rates, and lower rates of accessing timely care than do Caucasians. Lung cancer incidence and mortality, in particular, are high among African-Americans. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recently released an evidence-based lung cancer screening technology called low-dose computerized tomography. High-risk African-Americans might benefit greatly from such screening but not many are aware of this technology. Public health nurses can play a key role in increasing awareness of the technology among African-American communities and encouraging qualified African-Americans to obtain screening. This study discusses issues with lung cancer and smoking among African-Americans, a recently released evidence-based lung cancer screening technology, and implications for public health nurses to enhance uptake of the new screening technology among high-risk African-Americans.