cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional Definition in Regional Economic Impact Models: The Case of the REMI Model and Clark County, Nevada

Use of economic impact models, particularly those available fiom commer-cial vendors, has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the issue of what defines a region and how the areas in the region are related receives little attention in the use of these models. Many models aggregate smaller geographic areas into a larger region, but most do not measure or report economic variables at the area level or examine the economic relationships between the areas. One noteworthy exception is the model produced by Regional Economic Models, Inc. (REMI), which can be configured for any region within a multi-area framework. However, what areas are included in the model, combined with the procedure used to configure the relationships between the areas, may significantly affect the predictions of the model. This occurs primarily because of the absence of regional data on regional trade and income flows, and REMIs use of available information to estimate them. Two alternative regional definitions of the REMI mod...
A Tool for Educating Parents About Their Premature Infants

This study examined the effectiveness of intervening with parents of premature infants by showing them examples of newborns' sensory, perceptual, and social capabilities. Fourteen couples and their premature infants, divided into an intervention group and a nonintervention group, were studied. Parents in the intervention group observed an assessment of premature infant behavior (APIB) examination and received feedback from the examiner prior to completing a parental assessment battery; the nonintervention group did not observe the APIB examination until after they completed the assessment battery. The assessment battery measured parental anxiety, perceptions, and awareness of neonatal behavior. Comparisons between the two groups revealed (a) intervention fathers reported significantly lower anxiety than did nonintervention fathers, (b) intervention mothers and fathers had significantly more realistic perceptions of their newborn compared to nonintervention parents, and (c) intervention mothers had significantly more accurate awareness of their newborns' abilities than nonintervention mothers, and intervention fathers had higher, but nonsignificant, awareness scores compared to nonintervention fathers. Having parents observe the administration of the APIB may be an effective way to educate them about their premature infant's behavior.
What's wrong with the intelligence process?

(1986). What's wrong with the intelligence process? International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 28-41.
Class IV charge models: A new semiempirical approach in quantum chemistry

We propose a new criterion for defining partial charges on atoms in molecules, namely that physical observables calculated from those partial charges should be as accurate as possible. We also propose a method to obtain such charges based on a mapping from approximate electronic wave functions. The method is illustrated by parameterizing two new charge models called AM1-CM1A and PM3-CM1P, based on experimental dipole moments and, respectively, on AM1 and PM3 semiempirical electronic wave functions. These charge models yield rms errors of 0.30 and 0.26 D, respectively, in the dipole moments of a set of 195 neutral molecules consisting of 103 molecules containing H, C, N and O, covering variations of multiple common organic functional groups, 68 fluorides, chlorides, bromides and iodides, 15 compounds containing H, C, Si or S, and 9 compounds containing C-S-O or C-N-O linkages. In addition, partial charges computed with this method agree extremely well with high-level ab initio calculations for both neutral compounds and ions. The CM1 charge models provide a more accurate point charge representation of the dipole moment than provided by most previously available partial charges, and they are far less expensive to compute.
A Penalty Method for the Vorticity-Velocity Formulation

We present a new vorticity?velocity formulation and implementation for the unsteady three-dimensional Navier?Stokes equations, based on a penalty method. It relies on an equivalence theorem that employs exact boundary conditions and the vorticity definition on the domain boundary. This approach is particularly attractive for high-order methods for which the often-used influence matrix method fails to converge for ?t?0. The accuracy and the robustness of the new method is demonstrated in the context of several spectral element simulations of unsteady two- and three-dimensional internal and external flows. In particular, the flow past a finite span cylinder attached to end-plates is studied in some detail in order to evaluate the effects of the aspect ratio on the formation length.
Oral mucositis in myeloma patients undergoing melphalan-based autologous stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and a severity predictive model

Melphalan-based autologous stem cell transplant (Mel-ASCT) is a standard therapy for multiple myeloma, but is associated with severe oral mucositis (OM). To identify predictors for severe OM, we studied 381 consecutive newly diagnosed myeloma patients who received Mel-ASCT. Melphalan was given at 200 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA), reduced to 140 mg/m2 for serum creatinine >3 mg/dl. Potential covariates included demographics, pre-transplant serum albumin and renal and liver function tests, and mg/kg melphalan dose received. The BSA dosing resulted in a wide range of melphalan doses given (2.4-6.2 mg/kg). OM developed in 75% of patients and was severe in 21%. Predictors of severe OM in multiple logistic regression analyses were high serum creatinine (odds ratio (OR)=1.581; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.080-2.313; P=0.018) and high mg/kg melphalan (OR=1.595; 95% CI: 1.065-2.389; P=0.023). An OM prediction model was developed based on these variables. We concluded that BSA dosing of melphalan results in wide variations in the mg/kg dose, and that patients with renal dysfunction who are scheduled to receive a high mg/kg melphalan dose have the greatest risk for severe OM following Mel-ASCT. Pharmacogenomic and pharmacokinetic studies are needed to better understand interpatient variability of melphalan exposure and toxicity.
NASA Puffin Electric Tailsitter VTOL Concept

Electric propulsion offers dramatic new vehicle mission capabilities, not possible with turbine or reciprocating engines; including high reliability and efficiency, low engine weight and maintenance, low cooling drag and volume required, very low noise and vibration, and zero emissions. The only penalizing characteristic of electric propulsion is the current energy storage technology level, which is set to triple over the next 5-10 years through huge new investments in this field. Most importantly, electric propulsion offers incredible new degrees of freedom in aircraft system integration to achieve unprecedented levels of aerodynamic, propulsive, control, and structural synergistic coupling. A unique characteristic of electric propulsion is that the technology is nearly scale-free, permitting small motors to be parallelized for fail-safe redundancy, or distributed across the airframe for tightly coupled interdisciplinary functionality without significant impacts in motor-controller efficiency or specific weight. Maximizing the potential benefit of electric propulsion is dependent on applying this technology to synergistic mission concepts. The vehicle missions with the most benefit include those which constrain environmental impact (or limit noise, exhaust, or emission signatures) are short range, or where large differences exist in the propulsion system sizing between takeoff and cruise conditions. Electric propulsion offers the following unique capabilities that other propulsion systems can t provide for short range Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) aircraft; elimination of engine noise and emissions, drastic reduction in engine cooling and radiated heat, drastic reduction in vehicle vibration levels, drastic improvement in reliability and operating costs, variable speed output at full power, for improved cruise efficiency at low tip-speed, elimination of high/hot sizing penalty, and reduction of engine-out penalties.
Description of Poseidonemertes caribensis sp.n., and Discussion of Other Taxa of Hoplonemertini Monostilifera with Divided Longitudinal Musculature in the Body Wall

A monostiliferous hop-lonemertean, Poseidonemertes caribensissp.n., is described from the Caribbean Sea, where it commonly occurs on marine plants in shallow water. Anatomical examination revealed a double layered longitudinal musculature in the body wall along the cerebral region, a feature known from only a few taxa of Hoplonemertini Monostilifera, i.e., species in the “Amphiporus hastatus group” and in the genera Correanemertes, Paranemertes, Nemertes, Paramphiporus, and Poseidonemertes. The relationship between the longitudinal muscle layers, proboscis insertion, and head retractors is discussed, based on earlier descriptions and study of type specimens, and the various recognizable patterns are employed to further delineate some of the genera.
Differential cell sinking as a factor influencing diatom species competition for limiting nutrients

Abstract The effect of differential cell sinking on competition between the diatoms Thalassiosira rotula Meunier (Clone 411) and Chaetoceros cf. vixvisibilis Schiller (Clone 847) for silicic acid and nitrate was examined in semicontinuous selective-loss culture in which the most rapidly sinking cells were removed preferentially. C . cf. vixvisibilis displaced T. rotula under silicic acid and nitrate limitation, regardless of whether the cultures were mixed immediately before the daily dilution (random loss) or fast-sinking cells were removed selectively (selective loss). However, the rate at which T. rotula was displaced increased in selective-loss cultures with either limiting nutrient. In addition, the daily removal of sunken cells selected against cells of both species with high C, N, and Si quotas. Differential cell sinking played only a minor rele in the faster displacement of T. rotula in selective-loss culture, since both species had similar sinking rates in mixed-species culture. However, cell sinking did affect competition by increasing the supply rate of either limiting nutrient. Cell-removal rates exceeded the dilution rate in selective-loss culture, raising biomass-specific nutrient-supply rates above those in random-loss cultures operated at the same dilution rate. The resulting reduction in nutrient limitation led to higher steady-state growth rates, increased residual nutrient concentrations, and, in the case of N limitation, lower C : N ratios of cells from selective-loss cultures. These physiological responses enhanced the ability of C . cf. vixvisibilis to outcompete T. rotula for both Si and N. The results suggest that cell sinking may affect interspecific competition not only through the direct loss of cells from the euphotic zone, but also by altering the dynamics of nutrient competition among planktonic algae.
On the use of Ti50Be40Zr10 as a spring material

A useful figure-of-merit for spring material candidates is derived and computed for a select group of iron and titanium alloys. Two commercially available amorphous alloys are shown to have considerably more attractive figures-of-merit than do several crystalline alloys. Since springs left in a stressed condition must resist stress relaxation, tests of this type were performed on an amorphous titanium alloy. The results indicate that relaxation kinetics depend upon initial heat treatment but are independent of initial applied stress. This behaviour is shown to be consistent with hyperbolic flow in the limit of low stress. A simple least-squares analysis of the relaxation kinetics yields an activation energy of 67 kJ mol−1. When used for springs, this alloy should be heat treated.
The role of oxygen in the photostimulated luminescence process of europium doped potassium chloride

A recent suggestion that europium doped potassium chloride (KCl:Eu2+) has the potential to significantly advance the state-of-the-art in radiation therapy dosimetry has generated a renewed interest in a classic storage phosphor material. The purposes of this work are to investigate the role of oxygen in the photostimulation luminescence (PSL) process and to determine if both increased PSL yield and improved temporal stability could be realized in KCl:Eu2+ by incorporating oxygen in the material fabrication process. Regardless of synthesis atmosphere, air or pure nitrogen, PSL amplitude shows a maximum at 1.0 mol % Eu. Depending on europium concentration, dosimeters fabricated in air exhibit stronger PSL by a factor of 2 to 4 compared to those made in N2. There is no change in PSL stimulation spectrum while noticeable shifts in both photoluminescence and PSL emission spectra are observed for air versus nitrogen. Almost all charge-storage centers are spatially correlated, suggesting oxygen's stabilization role in the PSL process. However, oxygen alone does not improve material's temporal stability in the first few hours post irradiation at room temperature, probably because a significant portion of radiation-induced holes are stored in the Vk centers which are mobile.
The Comparative Project on Class Structure and Class Consciousness: An Overview:

The Comparative Project on class structure and class consciousness began in 1977 as an attempt to remedy what I felt was a serious shortcoming in the Marxist tradition of research within sociology. Until very recently empirical investigations within the Marxist tradition have been almost exclusively restricted to historical and qualitative research. This is to be explained by a variety of factors: the general hostility of radical scholars in general to 'positivism'; the particular substantive concerns of Marxists with broad historical dynamics; the general hostility of academic programs that stress quantitative methods to the kinds of theoretical concerns and political commitments of Marxist students. Whatever the explanation, however, Marxist intellectuals have generally not pursued quantitative strategies of research. As a graduate student in sociology in the early 1970s I decided that it was important for Marxism to engage in serious and systematic quantitative research. On the one hand, I felt that if Marxism was to be taken seriously within US sociology, it was necessary to demonstrate its explanatory power on the central terrain of academic sociology, which is clearly quantitative research. This does not mean that quantification should preempt other lines of research, nor that it should be treated as some kind of privileged basis for developing and reconstructing theoretical arguments. But simply to abandon that terrain completely risked perpetuating the marginality of Marxism within the academy. On the other hand, quite apart from problems of strengthening the academic legitimacy of Marxism, I felt that Marxism itself had much to gain from statistical research, both because of the conceptual discipline it imposes on the clarification of arguments (so that they can be operationalized), and because at least some of the important questions which are traditionally asked by Marxists can be illuminated through multivariate empirical strategies. One problem faced by an aspiring 'multivariate Marxist', however, was the lack of suitable data for such research. All of the already-existing datasets of which I was aware had been gathered by scholars working in other theoretical traditions,
Algorithm 756: a MATLAB toolbox for Schwarz-Christoffel mapping

The Schwarz-Christoffel transformation and its variations yield formulas for conformal maps from standard regions to the interiors or exteriors of possibly unbounded polygons. Computations involving these maps generally require a computer, and although the numerical aspects of these transformations have been studied, there are few software implementations that are widely available and suited for general use. The Schwarz-Christoffel Toolbox for MATLAB is a new implementation of Schwarz-Christoffel formulas for maps from the disk, half-plane, strip, and rectangle domains to polygon interiors, and from the disk to polygon exteriors. The toolbox, written entirely in the MATLAB script language, exploits the high-level functions, interactive environment, visualization tools, and graphical user interface elements supplied by current versions of MATLAB, and is suitable for use both as a standalone tool and as a library for applications written in MATLAB, Fortran, or C. Several examples and simple applications are presented to demonstrate the toolbox's capabilities.
LCA as a decision support tool for evaluation of best available techniques (BATs) for cleaner production of iron casting

Abstract Over the last decades, stringent regulations forced the manufacturing industry to take concrete steps towards greener production. Despite reduction in total emissions through implementation of best available techniques (BATs), industrial waste generators still need guidance to minimize environmental impacts of manufacturing processes. The metal industry remains one of the most important waste generating sector and therefore, this study focused on one specific process, iron casting and used a life-cycle approach (LCA) to evaluate the performance and cross-media effects of the BATs applicable for this industry. A streamlined LCA (raw material transformation to production of ductile iron casting piece) was performed to evaluate the impact of eleven BATs. The life cycle inventory was created using industrial average data for European iron casting industry from the literature. The avoided burdens originating from reduced raw material consumption and reuse of process residues were considered. Since economic factors largely influence methods to be implemented, the most preferable strategies towards cleaner production in iron foundries was determined using a combination of achieved benefits, environmental impacts and cost of implementation. Among the techniques evaluated, on-site recovery and external reuse of waste sand were capable of decreasing overall environmental impact of casting by 60–90%. Additionally, these techniques created revenues and savings for the manufacturers, which lead to the possibility of a step-wise implementation scheme to reduce financial burden of cleaner production programs in foundries. Overall environmental and economic evaluation suggested that planning towards cleaner production should adopt a holistic approach rather than being restricted to waste hierarchy principle.
A Look Back at Merton Miller's “Financial Markets and Economic Growth”

The author begins by agreeing with Miller's characterization of the fragility of U.S. banks and of the shortcomings of the Asian model of bank finance-driven growth. The article also expresses “emphatic agreement” with Miller's arguments that the protection of banks through deposit insurance, regulatory forbearance, and other forms of “bailout” have created costly moral-hazard problems that encourage excessive risk-taking. And the author endorses, at least in principle, Miller's main argument that the development of capital markets that do not require the direct involvement of banks should make economies if not less prone to financial crises, then at least more resilient in recovering from them. But having acknowledged the limitations of bank-centered systems and the value of developing non-bank alternatives for savers and corporate borrowers, the author goes on to point to the surprising durability of some banking systems outside the U.S.—notably Canada's, which has not experienced major problems since the 1830s. And even more important, the author views banks and capital markets not as “substitutes” for one another, but as mutually dependent “complements” whose interdependencies and interactions must be recognized by market participants and regulators alike.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING ABSORPTION OF FAT IN MAN WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PINOCYTOSIS.

Summary This is a study of normal absorption of fat in man with emphasis on the close dependence of structural interpretation on the preparation methods. Under physiologic conditions jejunal biopsy specimens were obtained from 9 normal volunteers before and at varying intervals after the administration of emulsified corn oil. These biopsy specimens were studied by light and electron microscopy. Various techniques were used for orienting, fixing, embedding, and staining the specimens. To confirm orientation and to determine the presence of fat, we used light microscopy to examine toluidine blue stained "thick" sections of the plastic-embedded tissues. Adjacent thin sections were examined by electron microscopy. Various experimental combinations of fixation, staining, and embedding for electron microscopy were evaluated for use in studying absorption of fat. A comparison was made of fixation by Dalton's chrome osmium and osmium tetroxide buffered in s-collidine. Different aspects of Epon 812 and methacrylate embedding were evaluated. We concluded that fixation with osmium buffered in s-collidine followed by embedding some of the tissue in methacrylate and some in Epon 812 was the most informative method of studying absorption of fat. Methacrylate-embedded tissue sectioned easily and particles of fat were clearly seen; unfortunately, the quality of cellular preservation was variable. Epon-embedded tissue provided the excellent cellular preservation essential for high resolution electron microscopy. In our hands, the quality of cellular preservation in methacrylate was moderate and the electron density of particles of fat in Epon was low. Thus, no one method of processing was discovered which served all purposes. Some preliminary physiologic observations were made in the course of these studies which indicated that the pathway of absorption of fat through human intestinal absorptive cells is similar to that described in rodents. However, our morphologic data do not support the hypothesis that pinocytosis is the major mechanism of fat absorption in adult human beings.
Current Theories on the Pathogenesis of Infantile Hemangioma

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common tumors of infancy and although the natural history and progression of these lesions are well described, their origin remains unclear. Considerable progress has been achieved in the past two decades towards understanding the etiology of these lesions. New investigations have produced sophisticated hypotheses on the origin of these tumors and their behavior. These include suggestions of placental origin, intrinsic defect or somatic endothelial mutation, and extrinsic factors creating a conducive milieu for growth. While no current hypothesis explains all the characteristics of infantile hemangiomas, continued research targeting pathophysiology will ultimately lead to new treatment options.
Extracellular matrix alters the relationship between tritiated thymidine incorporation and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells during osteogenesis in vitro.

. Bone cells in vivo exist in direct contact with extracellular matrix, which regulates their basic biological processes including metabolism, development, growth and differentiation. Thus, the in vitro activity of cells cultured on tissue culture treated plastic could be different from the activity of cells cultured on their natural substrate. We selected MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells to study the effect of extracellular matrix on cell proliferation because these cells undergo a progressive developmental sequence of proliferation and differentiation. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on plastic or plastic coated with ECM, fibronectin, collagen type I, BSA or poly l-lysine and their ability to proliferate was assessed by incorporation of [3H]dT or by enumeration of cells. Our results show that (1) ECM inhibits incorporation of [3H]dT by MC3T3-E1 cells; (2) collagen type I, but not BSA, poly l-lysine or fibronectin also inhibits incorporation of [3H]dT; (3) the level of ECM inhibition of [3H]dT incorporation is directly related to the number of cells cultured, but unrelated to the cell cycle distribution or endogenous thymidine content; (4) the kinetic profile of [3H]dT uptake suggest that ECM inhibits transport of [3H]dT from the extracellular medium, and (5) cell counts are similar in cultures whether cells are grown on plastic or ECM. These results suggest that decreased incorporation of [3H]dT by cells cultured on ECM is not reflective of bone cell proliferation.
Strain-tuned light trapping performance of plasmonic solar cells

For the first time, we utilize the mechanical strain to tailor the locallized surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles on the top of a thin-film solar cell and improve the light trapping efficiency of corresponding plasmonic solar cell. A plasmonic solar cell is constructed by depositing metallic nanoparticle array on top of a thin-film solar cell to enhance the light trapping efficiency through activating surface plasmon. When the mechanical strain is applied on these metallic nanoparticles, their surface plasmon resonance will be tuned, which may eventually enhance the performance of underlying thin-film solar cell. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that 5% compressive strain could remarkably improve the absorption of the metal nanoparticle array on the top of thin-film solar cell by more than 24%.
Coloniality and the Contours of Global Production in the Dominican Republic and Haiti

: To destabilize sequentialist, stage-like understandings of global production, this paper examines changing relations of accumulation taking shape in the garment export industry in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. I draw upon a framework called “the coloniality of power” to consider the reworking of the social and spatial boundaries between hyper-exploited wage work and the people and places cast out from its relations. Through a critical ethnography of a restructuring garment firm and its operations in a trade zone on the Dominican–Haitian border, I argue for attention to how places and labouring bodies are marked differentially as Other. The production of racialized and gendered hierarchies of Otherness creates the conditions for relational and relative North–South divides, constituting uneven and fragmented geographies of production.
Hitless-Reconfigurable and Bandwidth-Scalable Silicon Photonic Circuits for Telecom and Interconnect Applications

We describe silicon microring-resonator-based microphotonic circuits that support complete (amplitude and phase) disabling of resonant states, enabling novel capabilities: truly- hitless switching/tuning of high-order, telecom-grade channel add-drop filters, dispersionless FSR multiplication, and "hot-swapping" of photonic subsystems.
The Conflict between and within Genders: An Appraisal of Contemporary American Femininity and Masculinity*

This discussion examines the conflicts inherent in contemporary American formulations of gender and concludes that conflict exists not so much between gender formulations as within each of them. Extending Carol Gilligan's (1982) analysis of sex-differentiated moral development, gender is treated as the distinction between an orientation of care, and one of autonomy. The care/autonomy distinction does not necessarily entail inter-gender conflict. Rather, that is attributable to cultural expectations of reciprocity. However, intra-gender conflict, i.e., the conllict within the formulations of gender, is shown to be extensive. Specifically, masculinity presumes equality and autonomy, yet functions to produce hierarchy and dependence, involves a contradiction between a principle of blanket autonomy and the preservation of self-interest, and requires an asocial stance. Femininity endorses powerlessness but produces power, requires a commitment to care which cannot be realized, and masks the fact that sacrifice is a matter of choice.
Epidemiologic evidence for vitamin C and vitamin E in cancer prevention

Antioxidant nutrients have been hypothesized to be protective against cancer. Vitamin C is a major circulating water-soluble antioxidant, and vitamin E is a major lipid-soluble antioxidant. Many case-control and cohort studies have related cancer risk to estimates of nutrient intake derived from food intake reports. Diets high in fruit and vegetables, and hence high in vitamin C, have been found to be associated with lower risk for cancers of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, colon, and lung. Diets high in added vegetable oils, and hence high in vitamin E, have been less consistently shown to be associated with cancer protection. This may be because vitamin E offers less protection against cancer or because the estimation of vitamin E intake is less accurate than is the estimation of vitamin C intake. In contrast with the findings from epidemiologic studies based on foods, observational studies of nutrients consumed in supplements and recent experimental trials provide little support for a strong protective role for vitamins C or E against cancer. If vitamins C or E are indeed protective against cancer, that protection may derive from their consumption in complex mixtures with other nutrients and with other bioactive compounds as found in the matrix provided by whole foods.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON BLASTOMYCOSIS IN THE STATE OF WISCONSIN

A study was made of 73 Wisconsin cases of canine blastomycosis. Each case was studied with respect to the life history of the animal. It was considered that a large percentage of the dogs were infected while in Wisconsin, since 40 had never left the state, and it was highly probable that in a large percentage of the other 33 cases the disease was contracted while the dog resided in Wisconsin. A study of the cases with respect to county of residence, birth and visitation revealed that there were three regions in the state where blastomycosis was prevalent: one region in the southeast and two regions in the northern parts of the state. An increase in the number of canine cases of blastomycosis over the years was considered to result from an increase in the skill of the veterinarian in diagnosing the disease. It was thought that a similar increase in number of human cases reported in recent years resulted from improvements in isolation techniques. The number of canine cases, 75, and human cases, 182, publish...
Synthetic Metallochaperone ZMC1 Rescues Mutant p53 Conformation by Transporting Zinc into Cells as an Ionophore

p53 is a Zn2+-dependent tumor suppressor inactivated in >50% of human cancers. The most common mutation, R175H, inactivates p53 by reducing its affinity for the essential zinc ion, leaving the mutant protein unable to bind the metal in the low [Zn2+]free environment of the cell. The exploratory cancer drug zinc metallochaperone-1 (ZMC1) was previously demonstrated to reactivate this and other Zn2+-binding mutants by binding Zn2+ and buffering it to a level such that Zn2+ can repopulate the defective binding site, but how it accomplishes this in the context of living cells and organisms is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that ZMC1 increases intracellular [Zn2+]free by functioning as a Zn2+ ionophore, binding Zn2+ in the extracellular environment, diffusing across the plasma membrane, and releasing it intracellularly. It raises intracellular [Zn2+]free in cancer (TOV112D) and noncancer human embryonic kidney cell line 293 to 15.8 and 18.1 nM, respectively, with half-times of 2–3 minutes. These [Zn2+]free levels are predicted to result in ∼90% saturation of p53-R175H, thus accounting for its observed reactivation. This mechanism is supported by the X-ray crystal structure of the [Zn(ZMC1)2] complex, which demonstrates structural and chemical features consistent with those of known metal ionophores. These findings provide a physical mechanism linking zinc metallochaperone-1 in both in vitro and in vivo activities and define the remaining critical parameter necessary for developing synthetic metallochaperones for clinical use.
Reaffirmation of Behavioral Approaches to Depression Treatment

This meta-analytic review improved on the methods and scope of similar reviews but reached the same conclusion that behavioral activation (BA) therapies for adult depression are much more effective than control conditions and comparable with cognitive-behavioral interventions. Future research should strengthen our understanding of the mechanisms that account for the effectiveness of BA approaches and should provide more evidence on long-term maintenance. The resurgence of interest in BA was attributed to pioneering work of Lewinsohn and the components analysis research of Jacobson and colleagues, who demonstrated the effectiveness of behavioral elements of depression treatment relative to cognitive elements.
Automatic sensor configuration for task-directed planning

We consider the problem of planning the configuration of a sensor within the context of a robotic task. In this paper, we focus on geometrically specified tasks in the plane, and give algorithms for computing the regions from which an idealized point-and-shoot sensor can detect a polygonal robot. Our main algorithm allows sensor configurations from which the robot may be partially obstructed, and computes the regions from which the robot can be detected as it translates through the goal at a known orientation. This algorithm runs in time O(kmn/sup 3/(n+m)) for an environment of complexity n, a robot of complexity m, and a goal of complexity k. The regions constructed can be used by an active sensing system to configure sensors that are guaranteed to observe the robot as it enters the goal. >
Eolian sand transport pathways in the southwestern United States: importance of the Colorado River and local sources

Geomorphologists have long recognized that eolian sand transport pathways extend over long distances in desert regions. Along such pathways, sediment transport by wind can surmount topographic obstacles and cross major drainages. Recent studies have suggested that three distinct eolian sand transport pathways exist (or once existed) in the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the southwestern United States. One hypothesized pathway is eolian sand transport from the eastern Mojave Desert of California into western Arizona, near Parker, and would require sand movement across what must have been at least a seasonally dry Colorado River valley. We tested this hypothesis by mineralogical, geochemical and magnetic analyses of eolian sands on both sides of the Colorado River, as well as sediment from the river itself. Results indicate that dunes on opposite sides of the Colorado River are mineralogically distinct: eastern California dunes are feldspar-rich whereas western Arizona dunes are quartz-rich, derived from quartz-rich Colorado River sediments. Because of historic vegetation changes, little new sediment from the Colorado River is presently available to supply the Parker dunes. Based on this study and previous work, the Colorado River is now known to be the source of sand for at least three of the major dune fields of the Sonoran Desert of western Arizona and northern Mexico. On the other hand, locally derived alluvium appears to be a more important source of dune fields in the Mojave Desert of California. Although many geomorphologists have stressed the importance of large fluvial systems in the origin of desert dune fields, few empirical data actually exist to support this theory. The results presented here demonstrate that a major river system in the southwestern United States is a barrier to the migration of some dune fields, but essential to the origin of others. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Policy Positions in the Chilean Senate: An Analysis of Coauthorship and Roll Call Data

This paper examines the policy positions of Chilean senators. The empirical analysis focuses on two different legislative activities: voting and coauthoring bills. The roll call analysis evaluates the degree to which coalitions act as cohesive policy teams on the floor of Congress, whether parties’ positions match conventional ideological rankings, and the dimensionality of voting decisions. The coauthorship analysis provides alternative ideal points to examine similar questions. The findings of the voting analysis reveal a rather unidimensional world with two distinct clusters matching coalitional affiliation, while the analysis of coauthorship illuminates a more complex pattern of associations. Neither roll call votes nor coauthorship patterns, however, reveal substantive fissures within the governing coalition. In comparison, the opposition coalition appears more divided along partisan lines.
3D Geovisualization and the Structure of Visual Space

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the structure of space in terms of both perception and action and discusses the implications for 3D GIS interfaces. It presents some of the properties of visual space with reference to perceptual mechanisms and design implications for interactive GIS. It also highlights the cost of acquiring knowledge through navigation. A navigation mechanism should afford rapid and simple navigation in such a way that maximal cognitive resources are retained for decision-making. The navigation mechanism should afford context as well as focal information. Focal information is that which is the immediate focus of attention and hence, most frequently loaded into visual working memory. In addition, the human perception of space is very different; the visual system supports a number of coordinate systems including retina-based and egocentric head/torso-based. Humans are also, to a very limited extent, capable of constructing a view of space that approximates Cartesian space, but individuals vary greatly in their ability to mentally imagine 3D structures in this way.
Case Report: Toxic Shock Syndrome Associated with TSST-1 Producing Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Coagulase-positive staphylococci have been isolated from more than 95% of cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is produced in more than 90% of cases. A case is described of recurrent TSS in which a coagulase-negative staphylococcus was isolated from the vagina and produced TSST-1. No coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated. Coagulase-negative staphylococci should be considered as causative agents in cases of TSS. Assay for TSST-1 should be performed on coagulase-negative staphylococci obtained from the appropriate clinical sites if no coagulase-positive staphylococci are isolated.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Nature and Relation to Non-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Since the introduction of Beck's cognitive theory of emotional disorders, and their treatment with psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral approaches have become the most extensively researched psychological treatment for a wide variety of disorders. Despite this, the relative contribution of cognitive to behavioral approaches to treatment are poorly understood and the mechanistic role of cognitive change in therapy is widely debated. We critically review this literature, focusing on the mechanistic role of cognitive change across cognitive and behavioral therapies for depressive and anxiety disorders.
Medical therapy for glaucoma: what to add after a prostaglandin analogs?

Purpose of review Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are the most widely used ocular hypotensive medications. Half of the patients with glaucoma and 40% of patients with ocular hypertension require more than one medication to sufficiently lower their intraocular pressures (IOPs). Therefore, it is important to understand the varying efficacy of adjunctive therapies currently available for use in combination with PGAs. Recent findings The IOP-lowering efficacy and safety profiles of various adjunctive treatments continue to be better elucidated, including the nocturnal IOP-lowering efficacy of various medication classes and laser trabeculoplasty. Summary For patients already on a PGA, the mean diurnal IOP-lowering achieved with the addition of an alpha2 adrenergic agonist, a beta adrenergic antagonist, or a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is similar, whereas the side-effect profiles, nocturnal IOP-lowering efficacy, and trough IOP-lowering effects vary. Laser trabeculoplasty is also an effective means of further lowering the IOP in patients on a PGA.
In situ determination of [Ca2+]i threshold for translocation of the alpha-protein kinase C isoform

Because of inherent difficulties in maintaining physiological conditions in biochemical assays, the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) required for activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in intact cells remains unclear. In the present study, [Ca2+]i was measured in freshly isolated vascular smooth muscle cells loaded with fura 2 while, in parallel, the distribution of the Ca(2+)-dependent alpha-PKC isoform was monitored using digital imaging microscopy. The [Ca2+]i alpha-PKC translocation threshold was determined by changing extracellular free Ca2+ concentration in steps while monitoring [Ca2+]i. In the absence of agonists, increasing [Ca2+]i caused or = 198 nM. Phenylephrine augmented translocation of alpha-PKC primarily by increasing the slope of the [Ca2+]i-PKC translocation relationship. These results indicate that the [Ca2+]i threshold of alpha-PKC translocation in situ is less than that reported in most in vitro assays and are consistent with an effect of agonist-induced generation of other second messengers that cause cooperative interactions leading to translocation.
Esnault-Levine-Wittenberg indices

These are extended notes of a lecture about the papers 1207.1883 by Esnault-Levine-Wittenberg and 1308.3024 by Wittenberg. The aim is to define the Esnault-Levine-Wittenberg indices, establish their basic properties amd to pose several questions. v.2: references updated.
Noncanonical SQSTM1/p62-Nrf2 pathway activation mediates proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma cells via redox, metabolic and translational reprogramming

// Irene Riz 1 , Teresa S. Hawley 2,3 , Jeffrey W. Marsal 1 and Robert G. Hawley 1 1 Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA 2 Flow Cytometry Core Facility, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA 3 Flow Cytometry Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Correspondence to: Robert G. Hawley, email: // Keywords : multiple myeloma, carfilzomib, SQSTM1/p62, NFE2L2/Nrf2, translation initiation Received : June 17, 2016 Accepted : September 03, 2016 Published : September 10, 2016 Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with drug resistance being a major cause of therapeutic failure. We established a carfilzomib-resistant derivative of the LP-1 MM cell line (LP-1/Cfz) and found that the transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene symbol NFE2L2 ) contributes to carfilzomib resistance. The mechanism of Nrf2 activation involved enhanced translation of Nrf2 as well as its positive regulator, the autophagy receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor gene EIF4E3 was among the Nrf2 target genes upregulated in LP-1/Cfz cells, suggesting existence of a positive feedback loop. In line with this, we found that siRNA knockdown of eIF4E3 decreased Nrf2 protein levels. On the other hand, elevated SQSTM1/p62 levels were due at least in part to activation of the PERK-eIF2α pathway. LP-1/Cfz cells had decreased levels of reactive oxygen species as well as elevated levels of fatty acid oxidation and prosurvival autophagy. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of the Nrf2- EIF4E3 axis or the PERK-eIF2α pathway, disruption of redox homeostasis or inhibition of fatty acid oxidation or autophagy conferred sensitivity to carfilzomib. Our findings were supported by clinical data where increased EIF4E3 expression was predictive of Nrf2 target gene upregulation in a subgroup of patients with chemoresistant minimal residual disease and relapsed/refractory MM. Thus, our data offer a preclinical rationale for including inhibitors of the SQSTM1/p62-Nrf2 pathway to the treatment regimens for certain advanced stage MM patients.
Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Education for Citizenship and Social Justice

Although the concept of the refugee – one fleeing from a homeland to another country for safety – has been around for centuries, only since the end of World War II has there been a definition generally accepted by the international community, enshrined in the 1951 Geneva Convention Related to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. This chapter will provide a brief historical overview of refugee flight from World War II to the present, definitions of refugees and asylum seekers, and an examination of several resettlement countries’ practices concerning education for refugees and asylum seekers. The author will conclude by considering elements of social justice and citizenship education as they relate to refugees and asylum seekers.
DC Motor Identification using Impulse Response Data

DC motors are widely used in mechatronic systems. The identification behavior for such motors is of interest. The motor torque and angular velocity outputs are dependant on the voltage and current inputs. This relationship is governed by the motor characteristics such as inductance, resistance, moment of inertia, friction, load, and motor constants. In this paper, impulse response data is used to identify the motor transfer function with voltage as input and angular speed as output. An auto regressive moving average (ARMA) model with a steepest descent algorithm was used to minimize the error between the original and modeled velocities. Once the ARMA model was constructed, the transfer function was realized. Then the input voltage was varied and the identified model results where compared with the original system
Abstract 11909: Migraine Headaches and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Symptoms and Signs of Ischemic Heart Disease: Results of an Extended follow-up From the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation

Introduction: Data regarding the association between migraine headaches (MH) and cardiovascular (CV) events in women have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term risk of CV events among women with and without MH who were evaluated for suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD) in the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study. Methods: Women reporting a history of MH were identified from the WISE cohort. Extended follow-up data were available for a median follow-up of 6 years. Cox proportional adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were constructed for time to first adverse CV event (CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI], heart failure hospitalization, or non-fatal stroke) among women with and without MH. Additionally, HR were determined for each event separately, as well as, all-cause death, angina hospitalization, death or MI, and CV death or MI. Results: Data on self reported MH were available on 917 women. A total of 224 (24.4%) reported a history of MH. Compared to those who did not report a history of migraines, women with a history of MH had an increased adjusted* risk of CV events (HR 1.83 CI 1.22-2.75, p=0.004) at a median follow up of 6-years. This result was mainly due to an increase in the risk of stroke (HR 2.33 CI 1.16-4.68, p=0.018) (Table 1). Conclusion: Among women being evaluated for IHD, those who reported a history of MH had an increased risk of future CV event. This finding was primarily driven by the more than 2-fold increased risk of stroke. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Volcanology: Vulcan rule beneath the sea

Over 70% of the volcanism on Earth occurs beneath an ocean veil. Now, robotic- and fibre-optic-based technologies are beginning to reveal this deep environment and identify subaqueous volcanoes as rich sources of sulfur, carbon dioxide and life.