cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sister chromatid exchanges after exposure to ultrasound and mitomycin C

Abstract A pilot study was designed to determine whether a synergistic ability to produce sister chromatid exchanges exists between ultrasound and mitomycin C, an alkylating agent known to induce sister chromatid exchanges. Bromodeoxyuridine-containing cells from human lymphocyte cultures were randomized into one of four exposures: (1) unexposed controls, (2) 20 minutes of pulsed ultrasound (3.5 MHZ), (3) mitomycin C alone, or (4) mitomycin C and 20 minutes of pulsed ultrasound. The mean sister chromatid exchange frequencies were 6.7 control cells, 7.5 cells exposed only to ultrasound, 8.1 cells treated with both ultrasound and mitomycin C, and 10.4 cells treated with mitomycin C alone. Neither χ 2 tests for differences in the four distributions nor analysis of variance for interaction between ultrasound and mitomycin C was significant. Our results suggest that individuals receiving alkylating agents are not likely to be highly susceptible to any deleterious effects of ultrasound. However, these results remain tentative pending repetition of studies and development of more appropriate in vitro exposure systems.
Long range adatom diffusion mechanism on fcc (100) EAM modeled materials

Abstract A long range adatom diffusion mechanism has been observed in simulations on the fcc (100) surfaces of embedded atom method (EAM) modeled materials. This mechanism primarily involves the adatom and two atoms in the top substrate layer. After passing through the saddle configuration the adatom is found two rows down and one row over from its original position. The movement of the adatom is like that of a knight on a chess board. The activation barrier of this mechanism is high, and it begins to appear at temperatures about half the melting temperature of the material. Due to the long range nature of this mechanism it could significantly affect the adatom diffusion rate as compared to typical hopping between adjacent minima or diffusion via the exchange mechanism.
The tprK gene is heterogeneous among Treponema pallidum strains and has multiple alleles

We have previously shown that the TprK antigen of T. pallidum, Nichols strain, is predominantly expressed in treponemes obtained 10 days after infection and that the hydrophilic domain of TprK is a target of opsonic antibodies and confers significant protection against homologous challenge. The T. pallidum genome sequence reported the presence of a single copy of the tprK gene in the Nichols strain. In the present study we demonstrate size heterogeneity in the central portions of the TprK hydrophilic domains of 14 treponemal isolates. Sequence analysis of the central domains and the complete open reading frames (ORFs) of the tprK genes confirms this heterogeneity. Further, multiple tprK sequences were found in the Nichols-defined tprK locus in three isolates (Sea 81-4, Bal 7, and Bal 73-1). In contrast, only a single tprK sequence could be identified in this locus in the Nichols strain. Alignment of the DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of the whole tprK ORFs shows the presence of seven discrete variable domains flanked by highly conserved regions. We hypothesize that these heterogeneous regions may be involved in antigenic heterogeneity and, in particular, evasion of the immune response. The presence of different tprK alleles in the tprK locus strongly suggests the existence of genetically different subpopulations within treponemal isolates.
‘Marion never looked lovelier’: Hedda Hopper's Hollywood and the negotiation of glamour in post‐war Hollywood

(1997). ‘Marion never looked lovelier’: Hedda Hopper's Hollywood and the negotiation of glamour in post‐war Hollywood. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 16, U.S. Regional and Non‐Network Television, pp. 421-437.
Stored energy of cold work in polystyrene

The energy stored in polystyrene after plastic deformation is measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Similar to metals, the stored energy increases with plastic straining, first rapidly, and then more slowly, and finally the stored energy seems to approach a saturation value (about 1 cal/gram). By comparing to the plastic work done, the fraction stored ranges from 30 percent after 10 percent compression to 10 percent after 60 percent compression. The fraction is about twice as large as that of copper. The release of stored energy has two distinct parts, one below Tg and the other above Tg. Most of the strain recovery seems to accompany the second part. By using the Kissinger plot, the second part has an activation energy, of 142 kcal/mole which is about 10 percent larger than that of compressive strain recovery.
Study of the fractional-dimensional theory of impurity levels

Abstract A theory of impurity levels in semiconductor heterostructures based upon the fractional-dimensional space is reevaluated here for bulk solids. The parametrization of impurities in bulk solids is necessary as a preliminary step in developing a theory for heterostructures. It is found that the bulk theory agrees closely with the conventional classification of impurities as deep/shallow and anisotropic/isotropic for donors in direct-gap hosts.
Drug Screening Using a Library of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveals Disease-Specific Patterns of Cardiotoxicity

Background—Cardiotoxicity is a leading cause for drug attrition during pharmaceutical development and has resulted in numerous preventable patient deaths. Incidents of adverse cardiac drug reactions are more common in patients with preexisting heart disease than the general population. Here we generated a library of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from patients with various hereditary cardiac disorders to model differences in cardiac drug toxicity susceptibility for patients of different genetic backgrounds. Methods and Results—Action potential duration and drug-induced arrhythmia were measured at the single cell level in hiPSC-CMs derived from healthy subjects and patients with hereditary long QT syndrome, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Disease phenotypes were verified in long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy hiPSC-CMs by immunostaining and single cell patch clamp. Human embryonic stem c...
Binary homogeneous nucleation theory by Cluster-Cluster interaction with application to the H2SO4-H2O system

Abstract A binary homogeneous nucleation theory of Angstrom size clusters is developed with special consideration to the effect of cluster-cluster interaction on binary kinetics. This theory is applied to a sulfuric acid-water system. A new nucleation rate is defined that yields slightly lower values than the conventional nucleation expressions with the assumption that the partial pressure due to sulfuric acid-water mixed clusters is fixed. The application of this theory to a free radical-water system without Gibbs free energy barrier with respect to the addition of free radical molecules is suggested.
Modeling of light scattering from structures with particle contaminants

Detection of particle contaminants on patterned wafers is important for increasing yield during the silicon wafer manufacturing process. Surface scanning inspection systems are used to detect contamination by measuring scattering from coherent light incident on the wafer surfaces. To aid in the design of these inspection systems, a code based on the coupled-dipole method has been developed to predict scattering from features on surfaces. To validate the code, we show comparisons between experimental results and numerical predictions of scattering characteristics of patterned structures found on the Arizona State University/Semiconductor Research Corporation block of the SEMATECH patterned wafer defect standard die developed by VLSI Standards, Inc. The patterned structures considered here are SiO2 line features and cornered features on silicon substrates. Particle contamination is emulated with deposition of PSL spheres near these structures. Comparisons of the differential scattering cross-section are made between experiment and the computational results. Close agreement within a factor of 2 to 3 is found for the cases considered.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Overview of hyperspectral remote sensing for mapping marine benthic habitats from airborne and underwater sensors

The seafloor, with its diverse and dynamic benthic habitats varying on meter to centimeter scales, is difficult to accurately monitor with traditional techniques. The technology used to build imaging spectrometers has rapidly advanced in recent years with the advent of smaller sensors and better signal-to-noise capabilities that has facilitated their use in mapping fine-scale benthic features. Here, the use of such sensors for hyperspectral remote sensing of the seafloor from both airborne and underwater platforms is discussed. Benthic constituents provide a so-called optical fingerprint with spectral properties that are often too subtle to be discerned with simple color photographs or multichannel spectrometers. Applications include the recent field validation of the airborne Portable Remote Imaging SpectroMeter (PRISM), a new imaging sensor package optimized for coastal ocean processes in Elkorn Slough California. In these turbid sediment-laden waters, only subtle spectral differences differentiate seafloor with sediment from that with eelgrass. The ultimate goal is to provide robust radiometric approaches that accurately consider light attenuation by the water column and are able to be applied to diverse habitats without considerable foreknowledge.
Reconstructive microsurgery of the upper urinary tract

The applications of microsurgery in the reconstruction of the injured ureter using a double-layer end-to-end anastomosis and in the repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction using modified pyeloplasty techniques are described in detail. The advantages of the use of microsurgical techniques in reconstructive surgery of the upper urinary tract are elimination of routine urinary diversion, shorter duration of hospitalization and a higher success rate. Therefore, the application of microsurgery is costsaving.
Breakup of Air Bubbles in Water: Memory and Breakdown of Cylindrical Symmetry

Using high-speed video, we have studied air bubbles detaching from an underwater nozzle. As a bubble distorts, it forms a thin neck which develops a singular shape as it pinches off. As in other singularities, the minimum neck radius scales with the time until the breakup. However, because the air-water interfacial tension does not drive the breakup, even small initial cylindrical asymmetries are preserved throughout the collapse. This novel, nonuniversal singularity retains a memory of the nozzle shape, size, and tilt angle. In the last stages, the air appears to tear instead of pinch.
Ramanujan Sums in the Context of Signal Processing—Part I: Fundamentals

The famous mathematician S. Ramanujan introduced a summation in 1918, now known as the Ramanujan sum c_q(n). For any fixed integer q, this is a sequence in n with periodicity q. Ramanujan showed that many standard arithmetic functions in the theory of numbers, such as Euler's totient function φ(n) and the Mobius function μ(n), can be expressed as linear combinations of c_q(n), 1 ≤ q ≤ ∞. In the last ten years, Ramanujan sums have aroused some interest in signal processing. There is evidence that these sums can be used to extract periodic components in discrete-time signals. The purpose of this paper and the companion paper (Part II) is to develop this theory in detail. After a brief review of the properties of Ramanujan sums, the paper introduces a subspace called the Ramanujan subspace S_q and studies its properties in detail. For fixed q, the subspace S_q includes an entire family of signals with properties similar to c_q(n). These subspaces have a simple integer basis defined in terms of the Ramanujan sum c_q(n) and its circular shifts. The projection of arbitrary signals onto these subspaces can be calculated using only integer operations. Linear combinations of signals belonging to two or more such subspaces follows certain specific periodicity patterns, which makes it easy to identify periods. In the companion paper (Part II), it is shown that arbitrary finite duration signals can be decomposed into a finite sum of orthogonal projections onto Ramanujan subspaces.
Polyadenylate Polymerase from Vaccinia Virions

HETEROGENEOUS nuclear, messenger1–9 and viral1,10–16 RNAs from eukaryotic organisms contain long polyadenylate (poly (A)) sequences of unknown function. The poly (A) is located at the 3′ terminus17–21 and may be added after transcription is completed11,22. Although enzymes that can add adenylate residues to RNA have been obtained from eukaryotic organisms28–29, they have not yet been coupled with RNA synthesis in vitro and it is not known whether specific sequences in DNA or nascent RNA act as signals for the addition of adenylate residues. Vaccinia virions seem to be a uniquely suitable system for studying the biosynthesis de novo of poly (A) and its attachment to RNA. Kates and Beeson1,10 showed that isolated vaccinia virus cores synthesized poly (A) in the presence of ATP and that RNA with terminal poly (A) sequences was made in the presence of all four ribonucleoside triphosphates. They suggested1,10 that in this system the adenylate residues were added by a transcriptional mechanism, possibly by the viral DNA-dependent RNA polymerase30,31. Evidence for such a mechanism was indirect and included the finding that poly (A) synthesis was inhibited by ethidium bromide and proflavine, drugs that bind to double stranded nucleic acids by intercalation1,10. The possibility that vaccinia DNA contains poly (dA>poly (dT) tracts that could serve as templates was consistent with hybridization data and with the transcription of poly (A) sequences by E. coli RNA polymerase1,10. The potential usefulness of vaccinia virus enzymes, for the study of RNA and poly (A) synthesis, has not been fully realized because of the particulate nature of the viral core. Of the five enzymatic activities known to be present in vaccinia cores30–35, only the DNA-dependent nucleotide phosphohydrolase (ATPase) has been solubilized36. We now describe the solubilization, isolation and some interesting properties of the poly (A) polymerase from vaccinia virions.
Multivariate Analysis of ToF-SIMS Data from Multicomponent Systems: The Why, When, and How

The use of multivariate analysis (MVA) methods in the processing of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) data has become increasingly more common. MVA presents a powerful set of tools to aid the user in processing data from complex, multicomponent surfaces such as biological materials and biosensors. When properly used, MVA can help the user identify the major sources of differences within a sample or between samples, determine where certain compounds exist on a sample, or verify the presence of compounds that have been engineered into the surface. Of all the MVA methods, principal component analysis (PCA) is the most commonly used and forms an excellent starting point for the application of many of the other methods employed to process ToF-SIMS data. Herein we discuss the application of PCA and other MVA methods to multicomponent ToF-SIMS data and provide guidelines on their application and use.
High-Frequency Gas-Discharge Breakdown

A phenomenological description of high-frequency gas-discharge breakdown is given, describing the similarities and differences between these discharges and the more familiar dc type. High-frequency discharge breakdown is controlled by the process of electron diffusion and, besides the theory of its behavior, the physical limitations of tube size, gas pressure, and frequency for this type of breakdown are given. The particular case of hydrogen is cited. The effects of superimposing a small dc field and a magnetic field on the ac field are also discussed.
An Approach for the Blockmodeling in Multi-Relational Networks

In this paper we introduce a direct approach for Block modeling in multi-relational networks inspired by the Pajek-Approach. In this article the direct Block modeling-method is presented for two-relational networks and evaluated statistically compared to indirect approaches. In addition we apply the method to the "Krackhardt`s High-tech Managers" dataset to show the feasibility of the approach and present a different interpretation proposal for this well known data set.
STUDIES ON MARINE PLANKTON DIATOMS. III. STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF GOSSLERIELLA TROPICA1

SUMMARY The structure of the tropical oceanic diatom Gossleriella tropica Schutt was examined in the light and electron microscopes. The species is characterized by a primarily poroid valve, surface, it single central labiate process and a unique ring of spines attached to the cingulum. Placement of the genus in the family Rhizosoleniaceae is suggested. Although G. tropica is widely distributed in the world's oceans, it is usually confined to the lower photic zone, salinities of 34.5–35.5% and temperatures of 15–30 C.
Hypoglycemia Secondary to a Meningioma

Hypoglycemia secondary to a meningioma that has not metastasized to the liver has not been reported previously. A 41-year-old woman with a spinal cord meningioma first diagnosed 5 years previously with 3 recurrences in the spinal cord resulting in 4 neurosurgical procedures was admitted with a serum glucose of 23 mg/dL. Six months before the current admission, the patient was noted to have an abdominal mass of 10 cm not present on previous computed tomography. Three months later, the mass was 15.2 cm, and on the current admission, had increased to 23 cm and encased both the aorta and inferior vena cava. A needle biopsy of this mass before referral to the authors' hospital with hypoglycemia revealed that it was a meningioma. Evaluation of the etiology of the hypoglycemia, which required continuous intravenous glucose therapy, revealed that circulating insulin, C-peptide (i.e., connecting peptide), insulin-like growth factor-I (i.e., somatomedin-C) and insulin-like growth factor-II were all normal or low. Serum cortisol also was not low. Based on her endocrine evaluation, the hypoglycemia was secondary to the large mass of tumor cells, requiring a large glucose uptake to sustain its growth. After radiation therapy of 3,770 CGy to the meningioma, the patient became euglycemic without glucose supplementation.
Thermal expansivities and preferred orientation of pyrolytic carbons

Abstract The relation between preferred orientation and thermal expansion coefficient was investigated for a wide variety of pyrolytic carbons, including materials used for free-standing bodies as well as those used for coating nuclear fuel particles. Over most of the range of preferred orientations studied, the data deviated from the simple Bacon relation, indicating that a portion of the crystallite c -axis expansion is accommodated. The amount of accommodation was found to depend on the density of the carbon. A high-temperature lattice parameter determination established that intercrystalline elastic restraints do not contribute significantly to the accommodation. The accommodation is therefore attributed to porosity. The thermal expansion coefficients of a variety of carbons used as coatings for nuclear fuel particles were found to be insensitive to neutron irradiation at 890–1060°C to exposures of 2.2 × 10 21 to 2.4 × 10 21 nvt ( E >;0..18 MeV ).
Continuity of the spectrum on closed similarity orbits

We present a useful case when the spectral radius of a norm limit of operator similar to a fixed operatorT still equals that ofT.
Reduction Formulas for Charged Particles and Coherent States in Quantum Electrodynamics

A weak asymptotic limit is proposed for a charged field as an operator on the space of asymptotic states. This leads to a modified Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann reduction formula and a determination of the singularity near the mass shell of the Green's function of a charged particle in the presence of other charged particles. Coherent states of the electromagnetic field are also reduced out. The resultant expression for $S$-matrix elements in terms of vacuum expectation values of time-ordered fields yields a slight elaboration of the Feynman rules which allows a perturbative calculation that is free of infrared and Coulombic divergences order by order. As an application, the amplitude for scattering of a Dirac particle by an external Coulomb potential is calculated to second order in the external potential, with a finite result.
649 FAT DIGESTION IN THE NEWBORN: COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF GASTRIC AND LINGUAL LIPASES

Hydrolysis of dietary fat starts in the stomach. We have recently shown that a lipase is secreted by glands isolated from the gastric mucosa of rabbit (Am. J. Physiol., 1985.) and man (Clin. Res. 1985.). Thus, hydrolysis of fat in the stomach is catalysed by two lipases of oral and gastric origin. The present studies characterize rabbit gastric lipase (GL) as compared to rat lingual lipase (LL). GL activity on tricaprylin (TC) was 25–30 times greater than on triolein (TO). The pH optimum for both substrates was 5.5–6.0. Addition of bile salts (17 mM) shifted the pH optimum to the left (0.5–1.0 pH unit) and, in general, significantly inhibited GL activity on TO. Taurodeoxycholate completely inhibited GL activity on TO at pH > 5.5, in marked contrast to its stimulatory effect on LL activity. During incubation with TO (90 min, pH 5.5), GL produces 35% more free fatty acids and 40% less monoglycerides than LL, suggesting a greater extent of complete lipolysis by GL. The data suggest that GL acts in the stomach and together with LL may be responsible for the significant preduodenal fat digestion in the newborn. (Supported by NIH grant HD-10823).
Homoepitaxial diamond layers on off-axis Ib HPHT substrates: Growth of thick films and characterisation by high-resolution X-ray diffraction

Abstract Homoepitaxial diamond films with a thickness of several hundred microns have been grown on (001)-oriented Ib HPHT substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition (MWPCVD). Systematic variation of the off-axis angle of the growth surface between 0° and 8° caused a strong increase in growth rate. In addition, it was found that vicinal angles above 6° facilitate extraordinarily stable homoepitaxial growth. They result in a complete suppression of non-epitaxial crystals for the total range of process parameters which have been studied. For very high film thicknesses, the off-axis angles and their influence on the homoepitaxial growth decrease. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) was used to measure the crystalline perfection of the films. By extracting the bending contribution from the total peak broadening we could distinguish different types of peak broadening behaviour in our samples. For the film that showed the highest crystalline perfection and a vanishing bending we obtained an extraordinary low line width of 0.0027°. This sample was deposited with CO2 in the gas phase.
Effects of early drug treatment on adult dominance behavior in rats.

Following weaning, one group of rats (N = 11) was administered 2.0mg/kg of amphetamine daily for 25 consecutive days. Another group of the same size received 6.0 mg/kg of chlorpromazine for the same period. Twenty-two other rats received daily injections of saline solution. When rats were 160 days old, animals in the drug groups were paired, for testing purposes, with animals in the saline group. Animals were placed on a food deprivation schedule and were tested in pairs in a food dominance situation for five minutes daily for 15 consecutive days. The measure of dominance was the amount of time a rat in the pair controlled a food container during the trial. Rats were paired only during the five minute dominance trials and then returned to their individual home cages. It was found that 10 out of 11 of the rats that had received amphetamine treatment after weaning were dominant when tested as adults. Six of the 11 animals in the chlorpromazine group were dominant.
Amygdala reactivity and mood-congruent memory in individuals at risk for depressive relapse.

Background: According to cognitive diathesis-stress theories, a latent cognitive vulnerability to depression is activated by negative affect in individuals at risk for depressive relapse. This vulnerability can manifest as mood-congruent memory during sad mood and may involve amygdala response, which is implicated in memory for emotionally arousing stimuli. This study examined whether amygdala modulates memory for negatively valenced words before and after a sad mood induction in healthy individuals with and without a history of recurrent major depression. Methods: Fourteen unmedicated remitted depressed (RD) and 14 matched never depressed (ND) individuals were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a self-referent encoding/evaluation task (SRET) preceding and following a sad mood challenge. After each SRET, participants’ free recall was assessed. Results: Following sad mood induction, bilateral amygdala response during encoding of valenced words predicted increased recall of negative self-referent words for a subset of RD participants. This association was not present before the sad mood induction and was not evident in individuals without a history of depression, regardless of mood state. Conclusions: These results are consistent with cognitive diathesis-stress theories and suggest a role for the amygdala in modulating mood-congruent memory during transient sad mood in individuals who are vulnerable to depression relapse.
Effect of acute ascorbic acid deficiency on the DNA content and permeability of guinea-pig oral mucosal epithelium.

Abstract Ninety-six male Hartley guinea pigs were divided into three groups and maintained on either ascorbic acid-deficient, pair-fed control or ad libitum -fed control diets. Animals were killed at intervals and the ventral surface of the tongue evaluated for permeability to 3 H-dextran and 14 C-inulin using an in-vitro perfusion system. Although the deficient-diet and pair-fed groups demonstrated slight increased permeability compared to the ad libitum controls, it was not statistically significant. All groups demonstrated a significant reduction in permeability with time. The reduction in permeability was paralleled by a decrease in DNA content in both control groups. In contrast, the deficient animals had an altered epithelial DNA content which was not correlated to permeability. Alterations in food intake, weight gains and DNA content in the deficient animals were reversed by rehabilitation with ascorbic acid. These results are discussed in terms of the significance of mucosal permeability in oral disease.
SUMATRIPTAN PROPHYLAXIS FOR POSTELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY HEADACHES

Very little has been written about headaches following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) but the incidence has been estimated at 26%. Patients with a history of migraine occasionally have similar headaches precipitated by ECT. In addition, some patients may have headaches that persist for months after a series of ECT treatments, while some patients who have a preexisting headache problem report improvement with ECT. Serotonergic mechanisms have been proposed both for the efficacy of ECT and its tendency to produce headaches in susceptible patients. There have been no studies on the prophylaxis or treatment of post-ECT headache. While various strategies have been suggested for these headaches, even case reports documenting the efficacy of these strategies are lacking. We, therefore, report a case of severe, refractory, post-ECT headaches which responded to prophylactic treatment with sumatriptan.
Laser Microsurgery And Fabrication Of Integrated Circuits

The complexity of integrated circuits has progressed from a single logic function on a chip consisting of a few dozen transistors to a complete, single chip 32-bit microprocessor of 100,000 transistors. This growth has created a challenge for the product designer--to utilize the increased functional capacity available with VLSI, while still developing designs rapidly and at a reasonable cost.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Regulation of synthesis and processing of nucleolar components in metaphase-arrested cells☆

Abstract As cells enter mitosis, nucleolar RNA synthesis ceases and nucleolar structure disappears. However, the ribosomal RNA precursors (45 and 32 s RNA) persist in nearly interphase amounts. Nucleolar synthesis and processing co-ordinately cease as HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary cells enter metaphase; 45 and 32 s RNA are stable in metaphase-arrested cells. Processing of the rRNA intermediates resumes as cells leave mitosis. 45 and 32 s RNA are associated with the chromosome fraction of metaphase-arrested cells. Ribonucleoprotein particles containing 45 and 32 s RNA, which resemble interphase subnucleolar particles, are obtained by gentle disruption of the chromosome fraction. The state of association of the ribonucleoprotein particles during metaphase is different from interphase since they are liberated by ionic conditions that have little effect on interphase nucleoli. Nucleolar RNA synthesis and processing resume within 90 minutes of release from metaphase arrest. This resumption is not dependent on the synthesis of new proteins.
Hematology and serum chemistries of nestling bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the lower peninsula of MI, USA

Hematology constituents and serum biochemistries were determined in blood collected from 55 nestling bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from nest sites within the lower peninsula of Michigan in 1992. Hematological values were comparable to published ranges for birds for all but eosinophils, which were greater than normal. Serum chemistry values were similar to those of other birds for all but six parameters, uric acid, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, and urea nitrogen, which were greater and glucose which was less. Samples of blood collected from wild bald eagles can be used for hematologic parameters and serum chemistry. It is important for other studies of endangered species to obtain baseline data from healthy, wild animals in their natural environment, and for comparison of animals living in environments of greater exposure to those living in areas of lesser exposure to xenobiotics. We caution that arrangements for rapid analysis be done in advance of sample collection.
Ozone exposure-response relationships for photosynthesis in genetic strains of loblolly pine seedlings

Abstract The effects of acidic precipitation and ozone exposure on gas exchange and chlorophyll content of three half-sibling families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were studied in the Piedmont of North Carolina, USA. Seedlings of families 8–80, 8–103 and 8–130 were grown in open-top field chambers and exposed to two acid precipitation treatments (pH 5.2 or 3.5) and five ozone exposures delivered in proportion to ambient concentrations (0.5 × to 3.0 × ambient). There were no statistically significant effects of acid precipitation on photosynthesis or chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the first-flush fascicles after one growing season. Elevated ozone significantly decreased photosynthesis rates and the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids. There was a strong inverse relationship between photosynthesis and the cumulative ozone exposure defined by the sigmoidal Weibull function. Photosynthetic rates were decreased after cumulative exposures of 100–150 ppm h (summation of the twelve 1-h means day−1). Photosynthesis rates were 90% inhibited by cumulative ozone exposures between 250 and 300 ppm h. The three half sibling families differed in sensitivity to ozone based on thresholds and steepness of the exposure-response relationships. The relative ozone sensitivity of the families corresponded to previous studies of foliar injury and growth of the same families. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the first-flush fascicles decreased linearly with increasing cumulative ozone exposure. Equivalent reductions in photosynthetic response to cumulative ozone exposure were found for either acute short-term exposures to high ozone concentrations or equivalent long-term chronic exposures to lower concentrations. This suggests that acute peaks of high ozone concentrations were not as important at our site as were cumulative exposure thresholds. Overall, these data also indicate that current ambient ozone concentrations in the southeastern USA may have a significant effect on the carbon fixation rates of some loblolly pine familes.
Locating three-dimensional roots by a bisection method

Bisection methods, which depend on the existence of a criterion for determining whether a root exists within a given volume, may be useful in the evaluation of equation roots since the volume in which the root is known to be located can be steadily decreased. This criterion is presently furnished via topological degree theory, strictly for the case of 3D volumes; usefulness is demonstrated in the location of roots, and the classification of roots as either X- or O-points is discussed.
Regular applications of poultry litter to a sandy arable soil: effects on nitrate leaching and nitrogen balance

Intensive poultry units often have insufficient land for spreading manure at agronomically and environmentally acceptable rates. This experiment measured the effects of annual applications, at several rates, on nitrate-N leaching and the soil-crop N balance on a sandy soil. Poultry litter from a broiler unit was applied each autumn 1992-1995. Total loadings on the main experiment area (instrumented with ceramic and Teflon water samplers at 1.0 and 1.5 m, and monolith lysimeters, 1.5 m deep) were 0, 60 and 150 t ha -1 . Additional plots (not instrumented) received 30, 90 or 120 t ha -1 . There was good agreement in the nitrate-N concentrations measured by the Teflon and ceramic water samplers and the lysimeters; all three methods gave acceptable measurements of nitrate leaching on structureless sandy soils. Autumn applications of poultry manure should be avoided: leaching was much greater than when delayed into December. At rates of broiler litter which supplied more N than the crop required (generally above 10 t ha -1 each year), nitrate-N leaching losses were large; at the largest application rate (akin to a disposal, rather than a planned fertiliser strategy), concentrations peaked at c 500 mg litre -1 N. Despite the movement of dissolved organic carbon to 1 m depth, the N concentration profiles measured by the water samplers did not provide clear evidence of subsoil denitrification. A nitrogen balance sheet, based on available N applied (as either fertiliser or manure) with some adjustment for mineralisation of the manure's organic fraction (10% annually) and for volatilisation (15%) was strongly correlated with soil mineral N each spring.
Classical elastodynamics as a linear symmetric hyperbolic system

The existence, uniqueness, differentiability and data dependence of solutions of initial-boundary value problems in classical elastodynamics are treated by applying the theory of first-order symmetric hyperbolic systems. Sharp results on the differentiability of solutions are obtained in terms of body force, initial data and boundary conditions.
ACSYNT - A standards-based system for parametric, computer aided conceptual design of aircraft

A group of eight US aerospace companies together with several NASA and NAVY centers, led by NASA Ames Systems Analysis Branch, and Virginia Tech's CAD Laboratory agreed, through the assistance of Americal Technology Initiative, in 1990 to form the ACSYNT (Aircraft Synthesis) Institute. The Institute is supported by a Joint Sponsored Research Agreement to continue the research and development in computer aided conceptual design of aircraft initiated by NASA Ames Research Center and Virginia Tech's CAD Laboratory. The result of this collaboration, a feature-based, parametric computer aided aircraft conceptual design code called ACSYNT, is described. The code is based on analysis routines begun at NASA Ames in the early 1970's. ACSYNT's CAD system is based entirely on the ISO standard Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System and is graphics-device independent. The code includes a highly interactive graphical user interface, automatically generated Hermite and B-Spline surface models, and shaded image displays. Numerous features to enhance aircraft conceptual design are described.
Articulation rate and vowel space characteristics of young males with fragile X syndrome: Preliminary acoustic findings

Purpose Increased speaking rate is a commonly reported perceptual characteristic among males with fragile X syndrome (FXS). The objective of this preliminary study was to determine articulation rat...
Observation of Water Confined in Nanometer Channels of Closed Carbon Nanotubes

We present a method to fill 2−5-nm-diameter channels of closed multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) with an aqueous fluid and perform in situ high-resolution observations of fluid dynamic behavior in this confined system. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations confirm the successful filling of two types of MWNTs and reveal disordered gas/liquid interfaces contrasting the smooth curved menisci visualized previously in MWNT with diameter above 10 nm. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses, along with TEM simulation, indicate the presence of water in MWNT. A wet−dry transition on the nanometer scale is also demonstrated by means of external heating. The results suggest that when ultrathin channels such as carbon nanotubes contain water, fluid mobility is greatly retarded compared to that on the macroscale. The present findings pose new challenges for modeling and device development work in this area.
Improved performance of HgI2 spectrometers in the low energy X-ray region

Abstract High resolution X-ray detectors with areas up to 20 mm 2 have been fabricated from a 100 g HgI 2 single crystal. The 1.5 keV aluminum K α X-ray line is clearly resolved with the detectors operating at room temperature.
Improved Laboratory Transition Parameters forEu II and Application to the Solar Europium Elemental and Isotopic Composition

New radiative lifetime measurements using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence are reported for the lowest six even-parity levels of Eu II. Branching fractions, measured from Fourier transform spectra, are combined with these lifetimes to determine atomic transition probabilities for the strongest blue-UV lines and additional yellow-red lines of Eu II. These results are compared with published data, and generally good agreement is found. Recommended hyperfine structure constants and isotopic shifts for these lines are also assembled from the literature and supplemented, as needed, using results from nonlinear least-squares fits of line profiles in Fourier transform spectra. These laboratory data are applied in a new determination of the solar Eu elemental abundance, yielding log10 e(Eu) = 0.52 ± 0.01, with ±0.04 estimated for each of internal (scatter) and external (systematic) uncertainties. From analysis of the profiles of three Eu II lines, primarily λ4129, isotopic fractions of 151Eu and 153Eu are shown to be consistent with their values in meteoritic material.
A dynamic game-theoretic approach to resilient control system design for cascading failures

The migration of many current critical infrastructures, such as power grids and transportations systems, into open public networks has posed many challenges in control systems. Modern control systems face uncertainties not only from the physical world but also from the cyber space. In this paper, we propose a hybrid game-theoretic approach to investigate the coupling between cyber security policy and robust control design. We study in detail the case of cascading failures in industrial control systems and provide a set of coupled optimality criteria in the linear-quadratic case. This approach can be further extended to more general cases of parallel cascading failures.
Tumor necrosis factor increases the elastolytic potential of adherent neutrophils: a role for hypochlorous acid.

Neutrophils adhered to biologic surfaces exhibit proteolytic cleavage of surface proteins even in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Such proteolysis is restricted to the pericellular space and appears to require the dual action of proteinases and reactive oxygen species. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) stimulates neutrophil proteolysis. Tissue culture wells were coated with insoluble 3H-labeled elastin substrate. Human blood neutrophils (0.5 to 2.0 × 106 cells/ml/well) were incubated in the coated wells for 4 to 18 h at 37°C in the presence of varying concentrations of serum or purified α1-antitrypsin (A1AT). TNF (0 to 1,000 U/ml) was also present in the incubations. Elastin degradation was determined as soluble 3H-elastin fragments released into the supernatants. As previously reported, cells (no TNF) exhibited spontaneous elastolysis even in the presence of 1% serum or 4 µM A1AT. Compared with cells incubated alone (no TNF), TNF inc...
Observation of gas-phase molecular dications formed from neutral organics in solution via the controlled-current electrolytic process inherent to electrospray

This article reports the first electrospray (ES) mass spectrometry observation of molecular dications that were formed in solution by sequential one-electron oxidation of the neutral molecules [viz., nickel(II) and cobalt(II) octaethylporphyrin] via the controlled-current electrolytic (CCE) process inherent to electrospray. Dication formation was found to require (1) the addition of electrolyte to the sample solution, which increased the magnitude of the ES current and, therefore, increased the extent of analyte electrolysis in the ES capillary, (2) a relatively low solution flow rate, which increased the electrolysis time (i.e., the time the analyte remained in the capillary), thereby providing more time for the analytes to diffuse to the metal-solution interface and react, and (3) the use of a platinum ES capillary, which, because it is difficult to oxidize, increased the proportion of the faradaic current that might be provided by electrolysis of solution species compared to that proportion available when the typical stainless steel capillary is used. These interpretations of the data are made on the basis of the known characteristics of the CCE process inherent to ES, supplementary data obtained from direct solution-phase observation of the metalloporphyrin redox products formed within the different metal ES capillaries by means of a novel ES ion source, and off-line cyclic voltammetry studies of the metalloporphyrins performed by using platinum and stainless steel working electrodes.
Estimating phosphorus removal in lakes using marsh wetlands

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a modified simplest seasonal model that predicts phosphorus removal efficiency for lakes using marsh wetland system using lake waters. The proposed model calculates the wetland removal efficiency and total outflow phosphorus (TPout) concentration as a function of the soluble and nonsoluble reactive phosphorus (SRP and NSRP respectively) while considering the accumulation mechanisms. The observed and predicted TPoutconcentrations compared reasonably which suggest that empirical models can be adapted to estimate the phosphorus removal efficiency of the marsh wetlands. The results also indicate that TPout concentrations decreased exponentially with time through the wetland and decreasing the surface hydraulic loading rate of the system would increase the removal efficiency of phosphorus. It was observed that about 78% of the total phosphorus and 77% of the soluble phosphorus content within the water column was removed with about 19% of the total phosphorus ...
Ovarian hormones influence odor stimulated flank marking behavior in the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

The effect of ovarian hormones on the frequency of female flank marking in response to the odors of male hamsters was examined. The amount of flank marking differed significantly (p<0.01) among the days of the estrous cycle, with the lowest levels of flank marking occurring on estrus. Ovariectomy (OVX) eliminated the 4 day rhythm, and significantly (p<0.01) reduced the total amount of flank marking. Implantation of Silastic capsules containing estradiol benzoate (EB) in OVX hamsters increased flank marking by approximately two-fold when compared to hamsters implanted with blank Silastic capsules. In a second series of experiments, OVX hamsters given EB flank marked significantly (p<0.01) more than those with blank capsules. Subcutaneous injection of progesterone (P) into OVX-EB treated hamsters 6 hr prior to testing significantly reduced flank marking when compared to OVX-EB treated hamsters given oil. No differences were observed in flank marking between groups of OVX hamsters with blank capsules and injected with P or oil. In summary, these data indicate that the four day rhythm of odor stimulated flank marking in intact female hamsters may be the result of the 4 day fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone that occur during the estrous cycle.
The teletel/minitel system in France

Abstract The French videotex service, Teletel/Minitel, has been very successful from the start. The French system is provided through a public packet-switched network called TRANSPAC accessible via the public telephone lines. The French government agency in charge of telecommunications, the Direction Generale de Telecommunications (DGT), controls TRANSPAC and the main computers used to provide the Electronic Directory Service (an on-line phone book which also lists occupations) through the Teletel/Minitel system and has the right to approve or disapprove private information services made available through a subsystem of TRANSPAC called Kiosque . The DGT decided to make the Minitel terminals widely available to homes and businesses by subsidizing the cost of the terminals.
Characterization of clean and oxidized (100)LaB6

Abstract We have studied clean and oxidized (100)LaB 6 grown from aluminum melts by making Auger, LEED, evaporation and work function measurements on well-defined surfaces. The clean surface shows no La enrichment when initially heated as high as 1700°C. Its LEED pattern is 1 × 1, indicating no surface reconstruction. Langmuir evaporation studies up to temperatures of 1700°C show only La and B evaporating non-congruently, and LaO. The activation energy for B evaporation from LaB 6 (and from CeB 6 and EuB 6 also) is abot 5.5 eV, very close to that from elemental B. The rare-earth activation energies, however, vary, being highest for the rare-earth whose pure metal vapor pressure is lowest. Oxidation was carried out at room temperature using O 2 pressures up to 10 −7 Torr and at 1000°C using O 2 pressures up to 10 −4 Torr. At room temperature oxygen adsorption proceeeds to a saturated value indicated from LEED behavior to be about one monolayer. It produces a monotonic work function increase, which also saturates (at 1.40 V), varying linearly with the oxygen uptake. Oxidation at 1000°C is much more extensive than at room temperature, involving at least several monolayers, and results in a work function increase of 2.42 V. Results are discussed in terms of a terminal plane composed of La atoms, and adsorbed oxygen which, when given sufficient mobility, prefers bonding to La atoms at sites atop the B octahedra.
Creating Individualized Computer-Assisted Instruction for Students with Autism Using Multimedia Authoring Software.

This article provides a rationale for educators to use multimedia computer technologies to create individualized computer-based instructional materials for students with autism. Software design gui...