cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression and life satisfaction in aging polio survivors versus age-matched controls: Relation to postpolio syndrome, family functioning, and attitude toward disability

Abstract Objective: To compare depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in aging polio survivors with age-matched controls and to relate these outcomes to scores to psychosocial and disability-related variables. Design: A planned medical, functional, and psychosocial study with multivariate analyses. Setting: A large, urban rehabilitation center. Participants: A volunteer sample of 121 polio survivors and an age-matched control group of 60 people with similar sociodemographic backgrounds. Main Outcomes: Depression as measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale and an 11-item life satisfaction scale. Results: The prevalence of depressive disorders was not significantly different in the two groups, although the postpolio group tended to have more symptomatology and an overall depressive disorder prevalence of 28%. Some life satisfaction scale scores were significantly lower in the postpolio group, especially those concerned with health. People with postpolio syndrome scored significantly higher on depression scales and lower on some life satisfaction scales than people with a history of polio but without postpolio syndrome. Several psychosocial variables, most notably family functioning and attitude toward disability, helped to mediate this effect. Among people with significant depression, there was little evidence of adequate treatment in the community. Conclusions: Postpolio by itself does not relate to higher depression scores or lower life satisfaction. Postpolio syndrome has some relation to depression, but family functioning and attitude toward disability are more important. There is a need for better community-based psychological services.
CYP1A1 activation of aminoflavone leads to DNA damage in human tumor cell lines

Purpose: Aminoflavone (5-amino-2,3-fluorophenyl)-6,8-difluoro-7-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; AF; NSC 686288) is a novel anticancer agent with a unique pattern of growth inhibitory activity in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 tumor cell line screen. Phase I clinical trials with AF will begin soon. We previously demonstrated extensive metabolism of AF by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1A2, metabolic activation, formation of irreversible protein and DNA adducts and p53 stabilization in sensitive, but not resistant, human tumor cell lines treated with AF [9]. The present studies focus on the effects of AF on cellular DNA and cellular responses to DNA damage. Methods: Phosphorylation of H2AX in MCF7 cells treated with AF was determined with immunofluorescence. MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assays were used to determine the effect of cotreatment with caffeine or wortmannin, inhibitors of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated protein (ATM) and ATR (ATM- and rad3-related protein), on the AF IC50 values for MCF7 cells. DNA damage in MCF7 cells treated with AF was determined by alkaline elution. DNA-topoisomerase complex stabilization was ascertained by the ICE (in vitro complex of enzyme) assay. Results: Treatment of sensitive cells with AF resulted in phosphorylation of H2AX, a histone 2A variant that is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage. AF IC50 values for MCF7 cells were lowered by cotreatment with caffeine or wortmannin, further implicating DNA damage in AF cytotoxicity. There was no evidence of DNA–DNA cross-linking in sensitive cells, but protein-associated single-strand breaks were observed after AF treatment. Although this pattern of DNA damage is commonly associated with topoisomerase poisons, there was no evidence for AF-induced stabilization of either topoisomerase I- or II-DNA complexes. Conclusions: These studies further implicate DNA damage in the cytotoxicity of AF and identify biochemical features of that damage including formation of protein-associated single-strand breaks not involving topoisomerase I or II.
23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy: visual outcomes and complications.

Purpose: To report results and complications of 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy for a variety of vitreoretinal diseases.Methods: A prospective consecutive case series study was performed in 66 eyes of 66 patients. Indications for surgery were epiretinal membrane (n = 20), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n = 19: 14 pseudophakic, 5 phakic), macular hole (n = 16), vitreous hemorrhage (n = 5), cyclodialysis (n = 1), intraocular lens luxation (n = 1), asteroid hyalosis (n = 1), congenital retinoschisis (n = 1), and endophtalmitis (n = 2). Main outcome measures included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and intra- and post-operative complications.Results: Mean patient age at time of operation was 68 ± 12 years. Overall, visual acuity improved from 1.03 ± 1.00 logMAR preoperatively to 0.32 ± 0.33 logMAR postoperatively (p < 0.01) after a mean follow-up time of 9.3 ± 4.7 months. Mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 13.9 ± 3.5 mmHg, and mean postoperative intraocular pressur...
Comparison of the genetic effects of equimolar doses of ENU and MNU: While the chemicals differ dramatically in their mutagenicity in stem-cell spermatogonia, both elicit very high mutation rates in differentiating spermatogonia

Mutagenic, reproductive, and toxicity effects of two closely related chemicals, ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and methylnitrosourea (MNU), were compared at equimolar and near-equimolar doses in the mouse specific-locus test in a screen of all stages of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. In stem-cell spermatogonia (SG), ENU is more than an order of magnitude more mutagenic than MNU. During post-SG stages, both chemicals exhibit high peaks in mutation yield when differentiating spermatogonia (DG) and preleptotene spermatocytes are exposed. The mutation frequency induced by 75mgMNU/kg during this peak interval is, to date, the highest induced by any single-exposure mutagenic treatment - chemical or radiation - that allows survival of the exposed animal and its germ cells, producing an estimated 10 new mutations per genome. There is thus a vast difference between stem cell and differentiating spermatogonia in their sensitivity to MNU, but little difference between these stages in their sensitivity to ENU. During stages following meiotic metaphase, the highest mutation yield is obtained from exposed spermatids, but for both chemicals, that yield is less than one-quarter that obtained from the peak interval. Large-lesion (LL) mutations were induced only in spermatids. Although only a few of the remaining mutations were analyzed molecularly, there is considerable evidence from recent molecular characterizations of the marker genes and their flanking chromosomal regions that most, if not all, mutations induced during the peak-sensitive period did not involve lesions outside the marked loci. Both ENU and MNU treatments of post-SG stages yielded significant numbers of mutants that were recovered as mosaics, with the proportion being higher for ENU than for MNU. Comparing the chemicals for the endpoints studied and additional ones (e.g., chromosome aberrations, toxicity to germ cells and to animals, teratogenicity) revealed that while MNU is generally more effective, the opposite is true when the target cells are SG.
Intradistrict Resource Allocation: Key Findings and Policy Implications

The focus on school-level performance brought about by the No Child Left Behind Act—as well as recent court cases challenging the use of race in student assignment polices—has brought greater atten...
Thermal-conductivity studies near the smectic-A-smectic-C transition in a liquid-crystal compound.

High-resolution thermal-conductivity and heat-capacity studies were carried out on the same sample in the vicinity of the smectic-A\char21{}to\char21{}smectic-C transition of N-(4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene)-4'-n-butylaniline (70.4). The heat capacity shows a mean-field jump and can be well described by an extended-mean-field model. The thermal conductivity also shows a jump near the smectic-A\char21{}smectic-C transition. Instead of a smooth thermal diffusivity, as predicted by a conventional dynamic theory, we found both a peak and a dip in the thermal diffusivity near the transition temperature.
Fermi-liquid effects in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state of two-dimensional d-wave superconductors

We study the effects of Fermi-liquid interactions on quasi-two-dimensional $d$-wave superconductors in a magnetic field. The phase diagram of the superconducting state, including the periodic Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state in high magnetic fields, is discussed for different strengths of quasiparticle many-body interactions within Landau's theory of Fermi liquids. Decreasing the Fermi-liquid parameter ${F}_{0}^{a}$ causes the magnetic spin susceptibility of itinerant electrons to increase, which in turn leads to a reduction of the FFLO phase. It is shown that a negative ${F}_{0}^{a}$ results in a first-order phase transition from the normal to the uniform superconducting state in a finite temperature interval. Finally, we discuss the thermodynamic implications of a first-order phase transition for $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$.
Plasticity in the 904-day-old male rat cerebral cortex.

Abstract Ten pairs of male Long-Evans rats living in nonenriched environments (3 rats per small cage) were transferred to either enriched environments (10 rats per large cage plus “toys”) or nonenriched environments (2 rats per small cage) at 766 days of age. One hundred and thirty-eight days later, at 904 days of age, the cerebral cortical thickness from these animals was measured on projected, 10-μm, thioninestained, transverse sections. Although the thickness in the enriched rats was greater than in the nonenriched rats in all sections through the frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices, the 4 to 10% differences were statistically significantly different in only the frontal and occipital cortices. Right greater than left cortical thickness differences were not statistically significant in either the enriched or the nonenriched animals by 904 days of age. Neuron and glial counts were made on enlarged photographs of area 18 in the occipital cortex on 6-μm-thick, luxol fast blue-stained sections. No significant differences in cell counts were noted between the enriched and nonenriched animals. No significant differences in neuronal counts were found among 108-, 650- (from previous experiments), and the 904-day-old nonenriched rats. The notable findings were the plasticity of the extremely old, enriched rats' occipital cortex and the lack of the loss of neurons in cerebral cortical area 18, whether or not the environments were enriched. These results showed that the cerebral cortex remained structurally plastic throughout the lifetime of the organism.
Differential effects of calcium antagonists on viability of adult rat ventricular myocytes.

This study was designed to determine whether the various classes of Ca 2+ channel blockers have differential protective effects on isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes exposed to high K + under anoxic (100% N 2 ) conditions. Calcium-tolerant myocytes were incubated under control (4 m m K + ) aerobic conditions and then subjected to high K + (75 m m ) and N 2 . The cells were assessed by morphological criteria (i.e. absence of blebbing, granulation etc.), maintenance of ATP levels, exclusion of trypan blue, and the presence or absence of spontaneous contractile activity. Under control conditions, the cells were quiescent and declined at a rate of ≈10%/h. In the absence of O 2 , the rate of cell decline was significantly faster. Verapamil, diltiazem and the dihydropyridines had no significant effects on cell decline under these conditions. Cells exposed to 75 m m K 0 + exhibited contractile activity and accelerated rate of decline under anoxic conditions; these effects were independent of lowering Na 0 + to 75 m m . Cells in high K 0 + and N 2 were significantly protected (i.e. contractile activity and rate of decline were decreased) by verapamil, less so by diltiazem, and not at all by the dihydropyridines. The uptake of 45 Ca 2+ into cells in high K 0 + was not significantly altered by verapamil or diltiazem. Caffeine induced the immediate cessation of contractile activity of cells incubated in high K 0 + , but did not affect the accelerated rate of cell decline under anoxic conditions. Verapamil and diltiazem still conferred significant protection in this non-beating cell preparation. Neither verapamil nor diltiazem had any effect on the oscillation frequency of skinned heart cells. The data indicate that, based on their sites and mechanisms of action, the various classes of Ca 2+ antagonists can differentially affect cells under pathophysiological conditions. Verapamil and diltiazem may act at the sarcolemmal membrane of depolarized cells at sites independent of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchange carrier and the fast inactivating Ca 2+ channel.
Integrity of the Plasma Magnetic Nozzle

The injection of hot (100s of eV) plasma propellant into a nozzle composed of shaped magnetic flux to convert the plasma thermal energy into directed thrust is fundamental to enabling high-specific impulse (10 000s of seconds) and high-specific power (10s of kW/kg) piloted interplanetary propulsion. This report pertains to the theoretical physics governing certain aspects of the flow of plasma propellant through a magnetic nozzle, primarily the integrity of the interface between the plasma and the nozzle's magnetic field, for these operational parameters. An expression for the initial thickness of the interface is derived and found to be significant (on the order of 10-2 m). A comparison is made between classical resistivity and gradient driven Lower Hybrid Drift microturbulent (anomalous) resistivity, from which an algorithm is derived that obtains interface thickening as a time integral, that is then related to the nozzle-shaped geometry of the interface. An algorithm characterizing the plasma temperature, density, and velocity dependencies is derived and found to be comparable to classical resistivity at local plasma temperatures on the order of 200 eV. Macroscopic flute mode instabilities within the interface in regions of adverse magnetic curvature are discussed and a practical growth rate formula for magnetic nozzle design is derived. It is calculated that only one to two e-foldings of the most unstable Rayleigh-Taylor mode would occur. For a more complete treatment of the Rayleigh-Taylor effect it will be necessary to include the Hall effect as well as ion magnetoviscosity. The necessity of incorporating the Hall effect into Ohm's law is discussed, where the full Hall current is able to flow and concomitant plasma rotation allowed. In that case, a critical nozzle length expression is derived below which the interface thickness is limited to about one ion gyroradius.
OBSERVATIONS ON BRYOZOAN ECOLOGY IN FARM PONDS

Bryozoan colonies were common in farm ponds. Plumatella repens Linnaeus and P. casmiana Oka were dominant. Pectinatella magnifica Leidy occasionally became abundant. Plumatella developed branched colonies when protected from fish; unbranched colonies developed where they were exposed to bluegills. Numerous kinds of animals were associated with bryozoan colonies. Chironomid larvae were dominant cohabitants.
Silver nanoparticles induced heat shock protein 70, oxidative stress and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Due to the intensive commercial application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), risk assessment of this nanoparticle is of great importance. Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that Ag NPs caused DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. However, toxicity of Ag NPs in vivo is largely lacking. This study was undertaken to examine the toxic effects of well-characterized polysaccharide coated 10 nm Ag NPs on heat shock stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae of D. melanogaster were fed a diet of standard cornmeal media mixed with Ag NPs at the concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml for 24 and 48 h. Ag NPs up-regulated the expression of heat shock protein 70 and induced oxidative stress in D. melanogaster. Malondialdehyde level, an end product of lipid peroxidation was significantly higher while antioxidant glutathione content was significantly lower in Ag NPs exposed organisms. Activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and catalase were also significantly higher in the organisms exposed to Ag NPs. Furthermore, Ag NPs up-regulated the cell cycle checkpoint p53 and cell signaling protein p38 that are involved in the DNA damage repair pathway. Moreover, activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, markers of apoptosis were significantly higher in Ag NPs exposed organisms. The results indicate that Ag NPs in D. melanogaster induce heat shock stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis. This study suggests that the organism is stressed and thus warrants more careful assessment of Ag NPs using in vivo models to determine if chronic exposure presents developmental and reproductive toxicity.
TH‐B‐352‐01: Current IHE Topics: Mammography Display and CD Export

As a collaboration of professional societies and companies, Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE, www.ihe.net) seeks to establish methods wherein health computer systems can communicate to achieve specific functional objectives. IHE profiles define the detailed requirements that systems must meet in order to achieve the objective. These requirements often involve DICOM and HL7 standards. Periodic industry test sessions (called Connectathons) are used to demonstrate the conformance of specific products. Health domains include Radiology and Radiation Oncology. AAPM along with RSNA, SNM, and SIIM are member organizations and about 100 companies also participate. We focus this year on two recent IHE efforts which impact diagnostic radiology. 1.)Radiology: MammographyImage (MAMMO) Integration Profile. In the Radiology Technical Framework, the MAMMO profile specifies how DICOM full field mammographyimages are created, exchanged, and used. The detailed specifications are supplemented in the IHE Radiology: Mammography User's Handbook. This profile provides important requirements for department implementing a mammography PACS system with workstation interpretation. Of particular importance are display specifications regarding presentation size, CAD overlays, and presentation states. 2.)Radiology: Portable Data for Imaging (PDI) Integration Profile. This profile specifies methods that allow patients and referring physicians to obtain and view diagnosticimages and reports. It is not intended to provide archival solutions. Use in operating rooms is specifically delineated. The use of CD media is specified along with both web based viewing support and DICOM standard CD records that can be imported and/or viewed by DICOM devices. The profile has taken on recent importance due to chronic problems in surgical specialties resulting from the prevalent use of proprietary formats on exported CDs. A problem now considered by the AMA to be a patient safety issue. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand from two examples how the IHE profiles impact diagnostic radiology PACS. 2. Learn how recent mammography profiles can be used when specifying systems for digital mammography reading. 3. Understand how to avoid problems when exchanging image data between institutions.
Surveillance mammography and the risk of death among elderly breast cancer patients

Purpose To examine the benefits of mammography for elderly breast cancer survivors in community settings. Methods Using the 1991–1999 linked SEER-Medicare data, we examined if mammography reduced the risk of breast-cancer-specific and all-cause mortality among women age 66 or older who were diagnosed with first primary breast cancer (FPBC) at stages 0–III and survived at least 30 months. To analyze the influence of mammography (both within one year and within two years prior to death/censoring) on the risk of breast-cancer-specific mortality, we compared women who died of breast cancer (cases) with women who died of other causes or were censored (controls). For an analysis of all-cause mortality, we compared women who died from any cause (cases) with women who were censored (controls). Propensity scores were used to adjust for tumor-related, treatment-related, and sociodemographic confounders. Results Among 1351 breast cancer deaths (cases) and 5,262 controls, women who had a mammogram during a one or two-year time interval were less likely to die from breast cancer than women who did not have any mammograms during this time period in propensity-score-adjusted analysis (within one year odds ratio [OR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.95; within two years OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92). Similarly, risk of all-cause mortality was reduced among women who had mammograms during one- or two-year intervals. Conclusions In community settings, mammography use during a one- or two-year time interval was associated with a small-reduced risk of breast-cancer-specific and all-cause mortality among elderly breast cancer survivors.
On Gaussian Multiple Access Channel with Signal Dependent Noise

The motivation of this work is to examine how well methods, such as successive interference cancellation and interference alignment from information theoretic solution, work in real-world where the received signal is quantized for digital processing. As a first step, we consider Gaussian Multiple Access Channels with the quantization noise modeled as Gaussian noise, whose variance depends on the received signal power at the receiver. We call this model Gaussian Multiple Access Channel with Signal Dependent Noise. The achievable rate region of this model is given under finite transmitted signal power constraint, where the achievable scheme could be successive interference cancellation (SIC). This region is outer bounded by a finite region with unlimited received signal power, where the achievable scheme is time division multiple access (TDMA). Thus, one way to measure the usefulness of successive interference cancellation is to study the gap between the SIC region and the TDMA region under finite power constraints. For the symmetric maximum signal to channel noise ratio (SCNR) case, where the maximum SCNR of all users are the same, we show that the gap between the SIC region and the TDMA region is within 0.5 bits for any number of users. Furthermore, for this case, if the maximum quantization noise power due to one user is stronger than the channel noise power, then the sum rate difference between the SIC region and the TDMA region is within 0.5 bits. For the asymmetric maximum SCNR case, the gap can be small when all users have high SCNR (e.g., 30dB), where the receiver is equipped with a low precision ADC (e.g., 2–3 bits).
If We Hold It Will They Come? Searching Sessions at SUNY New Paltz

Summary With each technological leap, Bibliographic Instruction librarians are seekinnnovative ways to reach users. Reference librarians at the State University of New York atNew Paltz implemented a series of drop-in workshops during the Fall Semester of 1997. Thesessions were designed to help students with searching skills, using the OPAC, ERIC on CD-ROM, SearchBank online database, and the Internet. A new electronic classroom was constructed to provide an interactive environment for the classes. The purpose of this study wasto study data collected at the time of the workshops and to ask whether non-mandatory sessions have a viable place in a library instruction program.Should the workshops be repeatedand how might they be more effective? The study further proposed to examine how theseand other forms of instruction might fit into a college wide program of information literacy. Librarians who worked on the project were interviewed. They answered questions concerningthe objectives of the sessions and wheth...
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ORGANIC MONOLAYERS ON SI(100) VIA SI-N LINKAGES

Soft thin films, i.e., organic monolayers, are assembled on Si(100) from the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of amine molecules (R−NH2) on the monochloride-covered surface. The N anchor is believed...
Traumatic Aortic Aneurysms

Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta may follow severe, nonpenetrating injuries of the thorax unaccompanied by rib fractures. The aneurysms characteristically appear in the first portion of the descending aorta or less commonly in the proximal ascending portion. A large aneurysm, progressive enlargement, or symptoms may necessitate excision or repair. Such repair is now feasible. Traumatic aortic aneurysm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure lesions in the thorax when there is a history of severe antecedent trauma.
PTHrP 1-141 and 1-86 Increase In Vitro Bone Formation

Professional Biological Sciences: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)
Association of Fentanyl With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Background: Opioids are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Negative neurodevelopmental effects in the short-term setting have been associated with opioids ; however, long-term studies have been limited. Objective: The primary objective was to determine if there is a dose relationship between fentanyl and neurodevelopmental outcomes, as measured by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) composite scores for language, cognition, and motor skills. Secondary objectives included comparison of Bayley-III scores and neurodevelopmental impairment classification based on fentanyl exposure. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 147 very-low-birth-weight infants with Bayley-III scores obtained at a chronological age of 6 months to 2 years at clinic follow-up was conducted. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to determine if there was a dose-related association between fentanyl and neurodevelopmental outcomes. To evaluate secondary outcomes, ...
Decellularized dermal grafting in cleft palate repair.

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of decellularized dermal grafting used as an adjunct to the performance of primary repair of wide cleft palates. DesignRetrospective review. SettingTertiary referral...
Engineering ethics education as a bridge from technology to society: the US experience

The last quarter of the twentieth century witnessed many notable changes in engineering education in the USA including a growing recognition of the importance of ethics and social responsibility. Although nearly 80% of US engineering graduates are not required to take ethics-related courses (Stephan, 1999), engineering ethics has begun to make its mark in engineering curricula: required courses in engineering ethics at a few prominent institutions; across-the-curriculum ethics initiatives; and numerous elective courses in engineering ethics, some of which are options under broader general education requirements. Many engineers and ethicists are critical of the traditional preoccupation of engineering ethics with specific moral dilemmas confronting individuals and call for greater attention to macroethical issues related to the societal implications of technology as a complement to the traditional microethical approach that focuses on individual cases.
Purpose in life and breast health behavior in Hispanic and Anglo women

Hispanic and Anglo women differ in their practice of breast health behavior. A likely factor is differences in purpose-in-life (PIL) that influence motivation to achieve goals. To determine the relationship between PIL and breast health behavior, the PIL Test was modified and translated into Spanish, and the Breast Health Behavior Questionnaire (BHBQ) was generated. Both Spanish and English versions of the PIL Test and the BHBQ were measured in 40 Spanish and 40 Anglo women ages 20 to 49. Cronbach's alpha for the PIL Test were .86 for the English version and .72 for the Spanish; Cronbach's alpha for the BHBQ were .78 for the English and .70 for the Spanish version. There was a significant relationship between PIL and breast health behaviors in Anglo women but not in Hispanic women. Findings suggest further study of PIL in Hispanic women and may indicate a need for teaching the benefits of self-regulation to maintain health.
Limitations of adjuvant radiotherapy for uterine sarcomas spread beyond the uterus

Abstract Objective . The present review analyzes patients with advanced uterine sarcomas with the goal of identifying patients likely to benefit from larger volumes and higher dosages of radiotherapy. Methods . A retrospective review was performed of medical records of all patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy for advanced uterine sarcomas from 1978 to 1997 at the University of Minnesota. Results . Nineteen women with advanced uterine sarcomas received adjuvant radiotherapy. Seven also received adjuvant chemotherapy. Three patients had FIGO stage IIIA, 1 stage IIIB, 5 stage IIIC, and 12 stage IVB. Patients with mixed mullerian tumors had overall and disease-free survivals of 31% at 1 year and 23% at 5 years. For leiomyosarcomas, overall survival was 67% at 1 year and 33% at 5 years, but relapse-free survival was 33% at 1 and 5 years. First sites of failure were three pelvic and abdominal, one abdominal only, one abdominal and distant, two pelvic and distant, one pelvic, abdominal, and distant, five distant only, and one unknown. No Grade 3 or 4 toxicity occurred. Conclusion . Ongoing technical advancements in radiotherapy offer more precise radiation delivery, particularly to the peritoneal cavity. Although abdominal failures are common in women with mixed mullerian tumors, translation of higher radiation dosage to cure is unproven, and the majority of failures have a distant component. Until effective systemic therapy is developed, the prognosis of uterine sarcomas with any spread beyond the uterus will remain poor.
What T. R. Took: The Economic Impact of the Panama Canal, 1903-1937

The Panama Canal was one of the largest public investments of its time. In the first decade of its operation, the canal produced significant social returns for the United States. Most of these returns were due to the transportation of petroleum from California to the East Coast. The United States also succeeded in leveraging the threat of military force to obtain a much better deal from the Panamanian government than it could have negotiated otherwise.
Integrating Historical and Societal Contexts in the Computing Curricula

This paper provides instructors of computing a method to integrate computing history in the computing curriculum and to elevate the awareness of the social context of the subject. It provides suggestions by which instructors can enrich the curriculum by including history in the subjects they teach, even though they may not have had formal education in computing history or the history of science. Using history in computing very often stimulates discussion and dialogue among students and makes them aware of the social consequences of the computer systems they will use, help design, or create. Instructors can enrich the courses they now teach by integrating social and historical interludes within them.
The Link between Social Cognition and Self-referential Thought in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in seemingly disparate cognitive functions, such as understanding the minds of other people and processing information about the self. This functional overlap would be expected if humans use their own experiences to infer the mental states of others, a basic postulate of simulation theory. Neural activity was measured while participants attended to either the mental or physical aspects of a series of other people. To permit a test of simulation theory's prediction that inferences based on self-reflection should only be made for similar others, targets were subsequently rated for their degree of similarity to self. Parametric analyses revealed a region of the ventral mPFC—previously implicated in self-referencing tasks—in which activity correlated with perceived self/other similarity, but only for mentalizing trials. These results suggest that self-reflection may be used to infer the mental states of others when they are sufficiently similar to self.
Open Source Software Adoption in ASEAN Member Countries

This paper investigates the extent to which open source software is being adopted for Web hosts within member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) , and provides a partial explanation. We explain how open source software adoption decisions are influenced by macro-level or environmental influences (e.g. government policy, open source community). We use proxies based on empirical data collection to provide insight into the degree of open source software adoption which has already occurred. Software tools were developed to analyze Web host software on the public Internet within each ASEAN country's country-level domain. Other empirical indicators include Linux user group (LUG) existence and activity. The study found that government open source policies do not appear to be consistent factor among those ASEAN countries with the highest degree of open source software adoption. Other environmental factors appear to be more influential at this point in time
A new technique for treating multiparticle slow viscous flow: axisymmetric flow past spheres and spheroids

This paper is the first in a series of investigations having the overall objective of developing a new technique for treating the slow viscous motion past finite assemblages of particles of arbitrary shape. The new method, termed the multi-pole representation technique, is based on the theory that any object conforming to a natural co-ordinate system in a particle assemblage can be approximated by a truncated series of multi-lobular disturbances in which the accuracy of the representation is systematically improved by the addition of higher order multipoles. The essential elements of this theory are illustrated by examining the flows past finite line arrays of axisymmetric bodies such as spheres and spheroids which conform to special natural co-ordinate systems. It is demonstrated that this new procedure converges more rapidly and is simpler to use than the method of reflexions and represents the desired boundaries more precisely than the point-force approximation even when the objects are touching one another. Comparison of these solutions with the exact solutions of Stimson & Jeffery (1926) for the two sphere problem demonstrates the rapidity of convergence of this multipole procedure even when the spheres are touching. Drag results are also presented for flows past chains containing up to 101 spheres as well as for chains containing up to 15 prolate or oblate spheroids. The potential value of the technique is suggested by the rapidity with which the drag calculations were made, the 101 sphere problem requiring about 10 seconds on an IBM 360–65 computer to determine both the fluid flow and the drag coefficient.
Periodontal implications of orthodontic treatment in adults with reduced or normal periodontal tissues versus those of adolescents

This longitudinal study monitored periodontal status in 20 adults and 20 adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Ten adults had generalized periodontitis and received periodontal treatment, including periodontal surgery, before orthodontic treatment. They also received periodontal maintenance at 3-month intervals during orthodontic treatment. The other 10 adults had normal periodontal tissues. Neither these latter adults nor the adolescents received periodontal maintenance during orthodontic treatment. Periodontal status was determined (1) at six standard sites before fixed appliances were placed (baseline), (2) at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after appliances had been placed, and (3) 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after appliances had been removed. At each of these visits, these sites were assessed for plaque index, gingival index, bleeding tendency, and pocket depth. Loss of attachment between baseline and 3 months after appliances were removed and tooth loss were also determined. Complete data were obtained for 15 adolescents and 14 adults. During orthodontic treatment the adolescent group showed significantly more (p less than 0.05) periodontal inflammation and supragingival plaque than the adults; after appliances were removed, this pattern was no longer statistically significant. For loss of attachment, there were no significant differences among adolescents, adults with normal periodontal tissues, or adults with reduced but healthy periodontal tissues who had undergone treatment for periodontal disease. For tooth loss, three nonstudy site teeth with pockets deeper than 6 mm and/or furcation involvements were lost because of periodontal abscesses in the adult group treated for periodontal disease.
Novel Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Detection of Anti-HIV Drugs Lopinavir, Ritonavir, and Tenofovir in Plasma

For HIV infection, anti-HIV drug combinations are typically used as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), intended to maximize viral suppression. Three drugs used frequently in combination are the protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir and the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir. We have successfully developed a simple, efficient, and sensitive method to simultaneously extract and determine the concentrations of lopinavir, ritonavir, and tenofovir in plasma samples. The plasma extractions were performed using a liquid-liquid extraction followed by protein precipitation of the remaining aqueous layer. The collected fractions were combined, dried, and reconstituted in the mobile phase. The drugs were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The assay was applied to a study of plasma drug levels in two primates (Macaca nemestrina). The bioanalytical assay was optimized and validated to exhibit a high extraction efficiency and good sensitivity and reproducibility. When the assay was applied in a primate study, all three drugs could be detected in plasma within minutes of subcutaneous dosing. This validated assay will be useful for evaluation of drug concentrations in an efficient, selective, and sensitive manner.
Molecular and cellular pathobiology of Ehrlichia infection: Targets for new therapeutics and immunomodulation strategies

Ehrlichia are small obligately intracellular bacteria in the order Rickettsiales that are transmitted by ticks and associated with emerging life-threatening human zoonoses. Vaccines are not available for human ehrlichiosis, and therapeutic options are limited to a single antibiotic class. New technologies for exploring host–pathogen interactions have yielded recent advances in understanding the molecular interactions between Ehrlichia and the eukaryotic host cell and identified new targets for therapeutic and vaccine development, including those that target pathogen virulence mechanisms or disrupt the processes associated with ehrlichial effector proteins. Animal models have also provided insight into immunopathological mechanisms that contribute significantly to understanding severe disease manifestations, which should lead to the development of immunomodulatory approaches for treating patients nearing or experiencing severe disease states. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of molecular and cellular pathobiology and the immunobiology of Ehrlichia infection. We identify new molecular host–pathogen interactions that can be targets of new therapeutics, and discuss prospects for treating the immunological dysregulation during acute infection that leads to life-threatening complications.
Abraham Lincoln’s Influence on the Modern Supreme Court Understanding of Liberty and Equality

Abraham Lincoln had a profound effect on this country’s conception of itself and on the Constitution. He taught us that this nation was “conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” In this article I seek to demonstrate how Lincoln’s understanding of the principles of liberty and equality is reflected in the decisions of the United States Supreme Court during the modern era.Lincoln’s influence appears in several respects: substantively, methodologically, and philosophically. Substantively, Lincoln advocated liberty and equality for all persons, particularly with respect to self-government and education. The modern Supreme Court has expanded concepts of fundamental right to embrace all persons, including groups that have been historically discriminated against, and in particular has expanded equal opportunity to participate in the political process and to receive an education. Lincoln explicitly favored human rights over property rights. During the modern era the Court has responded to this principle in several ways: the Court has rejected the doctrine of economic substantive due process, recognized the individual’s Right to Privacy, and refined the State Action Doctrine in order to subject private parties to the dictates of the Constitution when they enlist the power of the government to oppress or exploit people.Finally, in sympathy with Lincoln’s philosophy, the Court has embraced an understanding of our fundamental rights as “living truths” that must be “constantly looked to, constantly labored for, and even though never perfectly attained, constantly approximated, and thereby constantly spreading and deepening” their influence on behalf of all people everywhere. The Constitution is not beholden to tradition – it is inspired by transcendent ideals that obligate us to define and apply anew to the problems of our age.
Reducing Sparsity Improves the Recognition of Implicit Discourse Relations

The earliest work on automatic detection of implicit discourse relations relied on lexical features. More recently, researchers have demonstrated that syntactic features are superior to lexical features for the task. In this paper we re-examine the two classes of state of the art representations: syntactic production rules and word pair features. In particular, we focus on the need to reduce sparsity in instance representation, demonstrating that different representation choices even for the same class of features may exacerbate sparsity issues and reduce performance. We present results that clearly reveal that lexicalization of the syntactic features is necessary for good performance. We introduce a novel, less sparse, syntactic representation which leads to improvement in discourse relation recognition. Finally, we demonstrate that classifiers trained on different representations, especially lexical ones, behave rather differently and thus could likely be combined in future systems.
Achieving High Exposure in Metallic Uranium Fuel Elements

Experimental metallic uranium fuel elements were irradiated under power reactor conditions to >18 000 MWd/T with no indication that an exposure limit was being approached. This excellent performanc...
A workflow for building a synthetic benchmark dataset for fractured reservoirs

Summary A benchmark synthetic fractured reservoir dataset is built as an initial step towards evaluating methodologies for using deterministic Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models from an explored area in predicting performance in relatively underexplored adjacent zones. In this exercise we create a robust synthetic dataset comprising about two million grid cells with details on geology, geomechanical and geophysical properties. It starts with a simple threelayered subsurface geology reflecting aeolian, fluvial and coastal environments and four major sealing faults that dissect the domain into a “core”, “graben” and a “horst” area. The entire reservoir is populated with relevant facies properties, porosity and permeability. Fracture intensity and orientation distributions are computed from geomechanical constraints. A subset of this data within the middle-layer of the core region is considered to be the “area of interest”. This region is populated with fractures invoking a DFN model by talking into account fracture intensity and orientations from geomechanical constraints. The influence of these fractures on seismic responses is evaluated based on computation of the effective elastic stiffness tensor. The seismic response can then be used as templates to interpret the characteristics of the fractured reservoir in the unexplored areas.
An Anthropometric Evaluation of the TH-57 Jetranger Helicopter

This paper summarizes results of a questionnaire and field study evaluating the TH-57 Bell Jetranger helicopter from anthropometric aspects. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the student pilots asking their opinions in regard to the problems associated with operating this helicopter. Over forty responses were received and analyzed which pointed toward the problem areas. The findings of the questionnaire was used in a field test to evaluate the helicopter objectively.The respondents indicated that they had problems with a cramped cockpit environment, obstructed visibility, difficulties in reaching and even seeing some instruments and gages and several comfortability factors. The field test indicated that this helicopter is deficient in accomodating individuals within the allowable anthropometric ranges for student pilots. Additionally, many design features to aid in pilot safety and proficiency were given insufiicient attention or totally overlooked. Having identified these deficiencies, solu...
Pedagogic "Hegemonicide" and the Asian American Student.

(1989). Pedagogic “Hegemonicide” and the Asian American Student. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 233-242.
Evaluation on the Quality of the Beam Pumping Unit Motor

A new method was used to contrast the data of the motors tested both at the worksite and in the electrical machinery plant and propose the worksite testing on the quality of the motors.Five causes of energy loss of the motors could be tested on the spot,and the quality of the motor was analyzed.Finally it reached the evaluation of the motors through calculation.It provided the references for the industry to make relative standards,or consideration for oil unit to eliminate degraded motors which is significant for management and energy saving.
Bayesian Model–Data Fusion for Mechanistic Postearthquake Damage Assessment of Building Structures

AbstractThis paper presents a probabilistic framework for estimating seismic-induced damage in partially instrumented buildings. The proposed framework uses acceleration measurements at a limited number of stories and Bayesian filtering to estimate the response at all stories. The paper compares four Bayesian filters: the extended, unscented, and ensemble Kalman filters, and the particle filter. The estimated response throughout the building serves as input to a damage model that yields an estimate of structural damage and its uncertainty at all stories. The methodology is numerically verified in an elastoplastic 5-story shear building and in a 10-story inelastic moment-resisting frame under various types of model errors and minimal instrumentation. It was found that under ideal and mild modeling error conditions, the proposed methodology provides consistent estimates of damage and its uncertainty.
In vitro viral transformation of human prostatic carcinoma.

AbstractCell cultures derived from fetal human and prostatic adenocarcinoma were inoculated with SV40 virus. Within 6 weeks in vitro morphologic transformation occurred, after which the cells proliferated rapidly. They exhibited the SV40 T-antigen by immunofluorescence and survived propagation beyond the limited lifespan of uninfected cultures. We suggest that this may be a useful technique in establishing stable cell lines of human prostate.