cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parity and Pain During Parturition

A descriptive study was undertaken to investigate the differences in pain reported by 17 primiparous and 33 multiparous parturients. Subjects responded to the McGill pain questionnaire during the early, active, and transitional phases of the first stage of labor, and immediately after delivery for the second stage of labor. Although no significant main effect for parity on pain was identified by repeated measures analyses of variance, significant interaction effects suggested that primiparas may experience greater pain during early labor and less pain during second stage than multiparas.
Enhanced Transport by Acoustic Streaming in Deep Trench-Like Cavities

.Fabrication of microelectronic and LIGA microdevices often requires transport of chemical species into or out of liquid-filled microcavities. Two common examples are the chemical development of patterned photoresists to produce recessed features and the filling of such features by electrodeposition. During chemical development, fragments of the resist must be transported from the bottom of narrow features into the development bath. Similarly, filling of a patterned resist by electrodeposition requires transport of metal ions from the electroplating bath into the features. This plating process is commonly used to form microelectronic interconnects having submicrometer linewidths. Although the depths of these features may be several times greater than their widths, they rarely exceed a depth of 1 mm. Over these short length scales, diffusion provides very effective transport of chemical species. Transport rates are, however, smaller by orders of magnitude in the LIGA process used to produce detailed metal parts having depth dimensions of a millimeter or more. The acronym LIGA is derived from the German words for lithography, electroforming, and molding. 1 In LIGA, a high-energy X-ray source is used to expose a thick photoresist, typically polymethylmethacrylate ~PMMA!, through a patterned absorber mask. The exposed material is then removed by chemical dissolution in a development bath. This development process yields a nonconducting mold having a conducting substrate beneath deep cavities that are subsequently filled by electrodeposition. The resulting metal parts may be the final product or may be used as injection or embossing molds for mass production. Development and deposition rates in recessed features depend on both species transport and surface reaction kinetics. Transport is rarely an issue in conventional electroplating on flat surfaces where surface ion concentrations can be maintained by pumping bath fluids or by moving the substrate relative to the bath. However, in plating or development of patterned photoresists, even a very strong external flow is not effective in providing increased transport into recessed features having aspect ratios greater than one or two. 2-4 This is because the convective cell that circulates the fluid in the top of each feature penetrates only about one feature width. Additional counter-rotating convective cells are formed deeper within high aspect ratio features, but the circulation speeds decrease by nearly two
Physicians and surgeons volunteering in developing countries: a personal perspective.

After a physician volunteers in the developing world, his or her eyes open to vast problems. There are many opportunities for physicians to volunteer in developing countries. Medical personnel should know the major agencies that send volunteers and understand how their actions help in disaster relie
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: current treatment options and outcome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) represents a spectrum of lesions having in common hypoplasia of the left ventricle, in association with aortic valve atresia or stenosis, mitral valve atresia or stenosis and hypoplasia of the aortic arch. l The precise aetiology of this lesion is unknown. Maintenance of systemic circulation depends upon pulmonary venous blood reaching the right atrium through an interatrial communication, which is often restrictive. Common mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the right atrium and ventricle occurs, and this is then distributed both to the lungs (via the pulmonary arteries) and to the systemic circulation through the arterial duct. Coarctation of the aorta adjacent to the ductal insertion is common, and is due to extension of ductal tissue into the aorta. As the left ventricle does not contribute to cardiac output, perfusion of the coronary arteries and myocardium is dependent upon retrograde flow into the ascending aorta via the arterial duct.
Assessment of inter-examiner agreement in scoring periodontal disease.

A study population of 20 patients exhibiting a wide range of severity of inflammation were examined using the Periodontal Index (PI) and the Gingival Index (GI). Two examiners, an epidemiologist and a periodontist were provided with a reading list of the relevant literature on the two indices and ample discussion time, but were not allowed to engage in clinical calibration sessions prior to the beginning of the examinations. The results showed higher GI and PI scores obtained by the epidemiologist when compared with the scores obtained by the periodontist. High correlation coefficients were found between the GI and PI scores for both examiners. The results obtained indicate that with limited calibration between examiners, a high correlation was found when the Periodontal Index or the Gingival Index were used, even though the absolute results fluctuate widely. In order to avoid misinterpretation of tissue appearance by a second examiner, the order of examination in pilot studies conducted to assess inter-examiner agreement should be randomly switched between examiners.
TESTICULAR MICROLITHIASIS AND ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING TESTICULAR BIOPSY IN BOYS WITH CRYPTORCHIDISM

ABSTRACT Purpose: Testicular biopsy (TBx) performed during orchiopexy in boys with cryptorchidism can help to predict future semen analyses and possibly identify patients at risk for testicular cancer. It has been theorized that TBx can be detrimental to the long-term health of the testis. We examined testicular microlithiasis (TM) and antisperm antibody (ASA) production in cryptorchid TBx. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 males underwent fertility evaluation. These patients had previously undergone orchiopexy and bilateral TBx (mean age 8.6 years) for unilateral or bilateral undescended testis. At a mean age of 19.6 years all patients underwent physical examination and scrotal ultrasound for evaluation of testis size, echotexture and abnormalities. Of 112 patients 57 also underwent direct Immunobead® assay with positive controls. Moving sperm free and/or bound to IgG bead complex were counted in the preparation. Results: A total of 29 patients had bilateral and 83 had unilateral undescended testis. Of the 112 patients 26 were black and 86 were white. Four black patients (15.4%) and 4 white patients (4.7%) had testicular microlithiasis. Three patients had bilateral and 5 had unilateral diffuse TM. No tunica albuginea scars or testis masses were noted. In the 57 patients who underwent direct Immunobead assay no semen sample demonstrated evidence of forming bead-sperm complex, ie none had direct ASA. Conclusions: No patient exhibited evidence of direct ASA. Prepubertal open TBx does not increase the rate of TM. We found no evidence of additive testicular damage associated with TBx at the time of orchiopexy.
A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes

Nucleosomal DNA is arranged in a higher-order structure that presents a barrier to most cellular processes involving protein DNA interactions. The cellular machinery involved in sister chromatid cohesion, the cohesin complex, also requires access to the nucleosomal DNA to perform its function in chromosome segregation. The machineries that provide this accessibility are termed chromatin remodelling factors. Here, we report the isolation of a human ISWI (SNF2h)-containing chromatin remodelling complex that encompasses components of the cohesin and NuRD complexes. We show that the hRAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex directly interacts with the ATPase subunit SNF2h. Mapping of hRAD21, SNF2h and Mi2 binding sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments reveals the specific association of these three proteins with human DNA elements containing Alu sequences. We find a correlation between modification of histone tails and association of the SNF2h/cohesin complex with chromatin. Moreover, we show that the association of the cohesin complex with chromatin can be regulated by the state of DNA methylation. Finally, we present evidence pointing to a role for the ATPase activity of SNF2h in the loading of hRAD21 on chromatin.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism associated with ureterocele and upper pole moiety obstruction.

Abstract A 2-month-old girl was diagnosed with a febrile urinary tract infection. Subsequent studies revealed a right renal duplication anomaly with a poorly functioning upper pole moiety subtended by an intravesical ureterocele. The patient was also found to have hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated serum aldosterone. After antibiotic therapy, the urinary tract infection resolved, although the electrolyte and hormonal abnormalities persisted. At 4 months of age, a right upper pole heminephrectomy was performed. The patient’s electrolyte and hormonal levels normalized. This case represents an unusual case of pseudohypoaldosteronism presenting with urinary tract infection and obstructed upper pole moiety that resolved after surgical intervention.
Privacy-Preserving Mobile Accesses for Virtual Private Social Media

Online social networking can be accessed by mobile devices, e.g., smartphones which become a platform for social media user interaction. However, although the social media users have the right to turn off and on the application platform, media may be insecurely allowed by followers in many arbitrary situations, and the privacy preserving services are inflexible between followers and followees. This paper proposes a novel technique to generate the flexible and automatic virtual private social media (VPSM) for each follower for every different situation. The VPSM in social media takes into account the location and time information of mobile users. The contribution of this paper includes the location- and time-dependent VPSM which can preserve the privacy of the users and followers while controlling access to media services.
UNUSUAL SEGREGATION BEHAVIOR OF BORON AND ITS EFFECT ON SEGREGATION OF SULFUR IN NICKEL

Etude par spectrometrie Auger et spectrometrie SIMS de la cosegregation du soufre et du bore a la surface et aux joints de grains. Le bore montre un comportement inhabituel qui resulte de la precipitation de Ni 3 B pres de la surface et d'une segregation en monocouche continue aux joints de grains. La segregation du soufre n'est pas influencee par la presence de bore. L'analyse des echantillons charges en hydrogene et rompus in situ suggere que la segregation de bore a un effet benefique sur le durcissement des joints de grains, et reduit l'effet negatif de la segregation du soufre
Right laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: a single institution experience.

Background. Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LLDN) is increasingly used by transplantation centers worldwide. As in open live donor nephrectomy, the left kidney is preferred for LLDN; however, not all potential donors have anatomy conducive to left nephrectomy. The purpose of our study, therefore, was to report on a large, single-institution experience with right LLDN performed using a hand-assisted, transperitoneal approach. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of 40 consecutive patients who underwent transperitoneal right hand-assisted LLDN at our institution. Information on donor age, relation to recipient, and indication for right-sided donation was collected. Surgical demographics included operative time, warm ischemia time, and estimated blood loss. Recipients were followed for graft loss and for long-term renal allograft function. Results. The indications for right-sided donor nephrectomy were a difference in split renal function of greater than 10%, multiple left renal vessels, and right renal cysts. The mean surgical time in our series was 115.8 min, with a mean estimated blood loss of 85.7 mL and a warm ischemia time of 116.0 seconds. Surgical and postoperative complications were limited. Mean serum creatinine levels in the recipients were 1.6 mg/dL on day 7, 1.4 mg/dL on day 30, and 1.4 mg/dL at 1 year after transplantation. Conclusions. Right LLDN using a hand-assisted, transperitoneal technique was performed with minimal morbidity and favorable graft function. We believe that offering hand-assisted LLDN to patients with an indication for right-sided donation can safely and effectively increase the pool of donor organs available to patients with end-stage renal disease.
Robust control of stochastic systems with noise dependent states and inputs under Markovian switching

A problem of state feedback stabilization of discrete-time stochastic processes under Markovian switching and random diffusion (noise) is considered. The jump Markovian switching is modeled by a discrete-time Markov chain. The control input is simultaneously applied to both the rate vector and the diffusion term. Sufficient conditions based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI's) for stochastic stability is obtained. The robustness results of such stability concept against all admissible uncertainties are also investigated. An example is given to demonstrate the obtained results.
Liquid crystal copolyethers with mixed mesogenic units and flexible spacers

Liquid crystalline copolyethers were prepared from monomer pairs selected from biphenol (BP), dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene (DHMS), and 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-dihydroxyazoxybenzene (DMAz) which were copolymerized with either dibromononane or dibromodecane spacers by phase transfer catalysis. Nematic LC mesophases were observed for most copolymers, but some exhibited dual mesophases. Smectic to nematic transitions were found in polymers with intermediate ratios of DMAz and DHMS with the nonamethylene spacer. These polymers showed excellent solubility in THF and CHCl3. The longest mesophase range which consisted of two mesophases was found in a polymer composed of a 4:1 ratio of DHMS to BP and a nonane spacer.
Bicriteria location of a semi-obnoxious facility

Abstract The problem of locating a new semi-obnoxious facility in an existing layout is considered. The facility interacts with the existing facilities, so that on one hand, it is desired to be placed close to them in order to minimize total transportation cost, but on the other hand it is not desired to be placed too close to them because it has certain undesirable effects. For this problem, a maximin–minisum bicriteria location model with rectilinear distances is developed. The resulting nonconvex bicriteria problem is decomposed into a series of linear bicriteria problems which are solved by an adaptation of the Fourier–Motzkin Elimination Method. An algorithm that constructs the entire nondominated and efficient sets is presented and it is illustrated in an example problem.
Synthesis of homologs of cysteine suitable for peptide and protein crosslinking

Abstract Practical syntheses of two homologs of cysteine are reported: (R)-2-amino-4-thio-butanoic acid and (R)-2-amino-5-thio-pentanoic acid, starting from L-methionine and L-ornithine respectively. These derivatives contain protecting groups which are amenable to solid phase peptide synthesis and expand the repertoire currently available for peptide and protein crosslinking.
POSTNATAL MATURATION OF THE RESPIRATORY RHYTHM GENER ATOP (RRG) IN NEONATAL SWINE

Efferent phrenic nerve (PHR) activity (monitor of RRG) was recorded in piglets 3 wk of age. During maintained hypoxia, in piglets 2 wk of age. The results, to date, indicate that changes in INT PHR activity and power spectral analysis can be used to demonstrate postnatal maturation of RRG. (Supported by NIH Grant #HL-20864).
The role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in pulmonary angiogenesis and intravascular monocyte accumulation in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome

Background & Aims Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), classically attributed to intrapulmonary vascular dilatation, occurs in 15–30% of cirrhotics and causes hypoxemia and increases mortality. In experimental HPS after common bile duct ligation (CBDL), monocytes adhere in the lung vasculature and produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and angiogenesis ensues and contribute to abnormal gas exchange. However, the mechanisms for these events are unknown. The chemokine fractalkine (CX 3 CL1) can directly mediate monocyte adhesion and activate VEGF-A and angiogenesis via its receptor CX 3 CR1 on monocytes and endothelium during inflammatory angiogenesis. We explored whether pulmonary CX 3 CL1/CX 3 CR1 alterations occur after CBDL and influence pulmonary angiogenesis and HPS. Methods Pulmonary CX 3 CL1/CX 3 CR1 expression and localization, CX 3 CL1 signaling pathway activation, monocyte accumulation, and development of angiogenesis and HPS were assessed in 2- and 4-week CBDL animals. The effects of a neutralizing antibody to CX 3 CR1 (anti-CX 3 CR1 Ab) on HPS after CBDL were evaluated. Results Circulating CX 3 CL1 levels and lung expression of CX 3 CL1 and CX 3 CR1 in intravascular monocytes and microvascular endothelium increased in 2- and 4-week CBDL animals as HPS developed. These events were accompanied by pulmonary angiogenesis, monocyte accumulation, activation of CX 3 CL1 mediated signaling pathways (Akt, ERK) and increased VEGF-A expression and signaling. Anti-CX 3 CR1 Ab treatment reduced monocyte accumulation, decreased lung angiogenesis and improved HPS. These events were accompanied by inhibition of CX 3 CL1 signaling pathways and a reduction in VEGF-A expression and signaling. Conclusions Circulating CX 3 CL1 levels and pulmonary CX 3 CL1/CX 3 CR1 expression and signaling increase after CBDL and contribute to pulmonary intravascular monocyte accumulation, angiogenesis and development of experimental HPS.
Stochastic simulations of steady state unsaturated flow in a three-layer, heterogeneous, dual continuum model of fractured rock

Abstract Unsaturated flow through fractured rocks is a concern in the siting and performance of waste disposal facilities such as the proposed geological repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. We simulated a small two-dimensional cross-section of welded volcanic tuff, representative of Yucca Mountain stratigraphy, using spatially correlated, randomly heterogeneous fracture permeability fields and homogeneous matrix permeability continua representing various degrees of welding. Ten realizations each of fracture permeability fields for four different variances ( σ 2 =0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) were generated by the direct Fourier transform method (Robin, M.J.L., Gutjahr, A.L., Sudicky, E.A., Wilson, J.L., 1993. Cross-correlated random field generation with the direct Fourier transform method, Water Resour. Res. 29(7)2385–2398) independently for the welded Tiva Canyon Tuff (TCw), the non-welded Paintbrush Tuff (PTn), and the welded Topopah Spring Tuff (TSw), the latter being the proposed primary repository horizon. Numerical simulations were run for steady state flow at three different uniform water flux boundary conditions. Boundary conditions along the sides were impermeable and the base was open to gas and liquid flow. Numerical simulations were performed using the dual-continuum, two-phase flow simulator METRA, which represents matrix and fractures as dual overlapping continua, where liquid flux between continua can be restricted by a uniform factor. Fracture–matrix interaction was modeled as being less restricted in the PTn as compared to the TCw/TSw. Heterogeneous fracture permeability fields generated strong preferential flow in the TCw/TSw fracture continuum and significant preferential flow in the uniformly permeable, PTn matrix continuum. Flow focusing led to a local increase in saturation, which in turn increased relative permeability to water along the preferential pathways, causing water to flow faster. The development of the preferential pathways reduced the wetted surface area for fracture–matrix interaction leaving a large volume of the rock isolated from the preferential flow pathways. Statistical analysis of water flux values in the three units showed that the magnitude of the ensemble variance, indicating preferential flow pathways, increased with both the variance of fracture permeability and the water flux boundary condition, reaching a plateau in the TCw/TSw fracture continuum units after flowing approximately 10 correlation scales of the vertical fracture permeability. Ensemble covariance of water flux normal to the layering revealed long range correlations in all units, which is longer than the correlation length of the fracture permeability fields. This suggests that the water flux boundary condition influences preferential flow in unsaturated dual continua media. These results suggest that careful analysis of information on fracture permeability variability obtained from pneumatic and hydraulic tests is an important component in understanding deep percolation processes.
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of functionalized dendritic macromolecules

Dendritic macromolecules substituted with various numbers of trimethylsilyl and dodecyl groups have been separated by reversed-phase HPLC. While size-exclusion chromatography only provides a rough picture of the composition of the mixture, reversed-phase chromatography allows the separation of individual components and estimation of the distribution of each component.
Purification of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 by reversed phase chromatography: amino acid sequence analysis and cDNA identification

Abstract GAP-43 is a neuronal phosphoprotein. Increased synthesis and axonal transport of GAP-43 has been associated with axon growth, and altered phosphorylation of GAP-43 has been associated with changes in synaptic efficacy. Here we report a rapid and effective procedure employing reverse-phase HPLC for the purification of GAP-43 from rat brain. To characterize the protein purified by this procedure, we generated proteolytic fragments and determined their amino acid sequences. These directly determined sequences, corresponding to 56% of the GAP-43 amino acids, confirm recently reported sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs. Using oligonucleotide probes constructed according to these amino acid sequences, we identified GAP-43 cDNAs in a library prepared from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion cells. One of these cDNAs was 1.1 kB in size; it hybridized specifically with a 1.5 kB RNA from brain, but not from liver, and contained the entire coding sequence for GAP-43. This cDNA differed from recently reported cDNAs in its 3′ untranslated region.
Impedance and large signal excitation of satellite-borne antennas in the ionosphere

The input impedance of a spacecraft-borne electric antenna operating below approximately 30 kHz in the ionosphere is investigated with emphasis on sheath effects. The impedance concept is generalized to be applicable to nonlinear antenna-magnetoplasma systems. Explicit formulas are obtained for the generalized impedance of a near cylindrical antenna taking into account the effects of large signal excitation, induced electromotive forces due to antenna motion across the Earth's magnetic field, the influence of the ion collection surface of the space vehicle, and of dc bias between antenna and vehicle. Comparison is made of the pertinent part of the theory and LOFTI-IIA satellite data.
Sensation Seeking and Its Measurement for Tourism Research

Tourism marketers and managers must be sensitive to those psychographic characteristics that distinguish their visitors and potential visitors. A growing list of psychographic characteristics has interested tourism researchers through the years. One such personality trait is the concept of sensation seeking. It is widely accepted that some vacationers seek higher levels of arousal than do others and that the appropriate matching of the trait to the destination or product is an important element of successful tourism marketing. But how does one measure sensation seeking? This article discusses the results of an empirical test that compared a somewhat cumbersome but well-established testing method with a relatively new scale created to serve as an alternative. The findings validate the new, simplified approach.
Regeneration of posterior segments and terminal structures in the bearded fireworm, Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae)

Like many other annelids, bearded fire- worms, Hermodice carunculata, are capable of regener- ating posterior body segments and terminal structures lost to amputation. Although previous research has examined anterior regeneration in other fireworm spe- cies, posterior regenerative ability in fireworms remains poorly studied. As the morphology of the anal lobe (a small, fleshy terminal structure of unknown function) has been used to distinguish East and West Atlantic H. carunculata populations, there is a more imminent need to understand the morphology and organization of tissues in specimens undergoing poste- rior regeneration, and the timeframe in which signifi- cant developmental changes occur. To further investigate this phenomenon, we amputated the poste- rior segments of living H. carunculata specimens col- lected from the Gulf of Mexico and monitored posterior regeneration over a 6-month study period. Although many aspects of posterior regeneration in H. caruncu- lata are consistent with the findings of other annelid regeneration studies, histological analysis revealed that once formed, anal lobe morphology remains rela- tively unchanged at all stages of posterior regenera- tion; East Atlantic morphotypes were not observed in the West Atlantic specimens studied here. Additionally, we found that the ventral nerve chord, which is par- tially responsible for the regeneration of lost body parts in polychaete annelids, terminates within the anal lobe, suggesting that this structure may play a role in the formation of new segments. J. Morphol. 000:000- 000, 2014. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute esophageal necrosis syndrome.

Editor, I read with great interest the Case Series by Singh et al. on acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) [1]. The authors describe a retrospective series of cases of AEN recorded over a 3-year period. Black esophagus or AEN is a rare entity characterized by a diffuse circumferential black–appearing mucosa extending proximally from the gastroesophageal junction and may involve the length of the entire esophagus. AEN is seen in the setting of hemodynamic or vascular compromise, overflow with corrosive gastric contents, and decreased esophageal mucosal defense mechanisms. An important endoscopic finding is the presence of duodenal pathology, commonly ulcerations in over 25% of cases [2]. This may result in gastric outlet obstruction which, in turn may cause direct injury to the esophagus as well as potentiate the initial vascular hypoperfusion insult to the distal esophageal mucosa. It would be, therefore, important to know about endoscopic findings in the duodenum in the case series. A recent case report described black esophagus in a patient with alcohol abuse and achalasia [3]. It would therefore be of interest to find out how the second patient in Singh et al’s series was diagnosed with achalasia. The authors mention that “reflux esophagitis” was noted on endoscopy in two patients. Severe gastroesophageal reflux, in a correct clinical setting, may lead to the development of black esophagus. However, the classic appearance of the AEN heavily outweighs endoscopic description of the reflux esophagitis.
Segmentation of multimedia streams for proxy caching

Proxy caching of large multimedia objects on the edge of the Internet has become increasingly important for reducing network latency. For a large media object, such as a two-hour video, treating the whole media as a single object for caching is not appropriate. In this paper, we study three media segmentation approaches to proxy caching: fixed, pyramid, and skyscraper. Blocks of a media stream are grouped into various segments for cache management. The cache admission and replacement policies attach different caching priorities to individual segments, taking into account the access frequency of the media object and the segment distance from the start of the media. These caching policies give preferential treatment to the beginning segments. As such, most user requests can be quickly played back from the proxy servers without delay. Event-driven simulations are conducted to evaluate the segmentation approaches and compare them with whole media caching. The results show that: 1) compared with whole media caching, segmentation-based caching is more effective not only in increased byte-hit ratio but also in lowered fraction of requests that requires delayed start; 2) pyramid segmentation, where segment size increases exponentially, is the best segmentation approach; and 3) segmentation-based caching is especially advantageous when the cache size is limited, when the set of hot media objects changes over time, when the media file size is large, and when there are a large number of distinct media objects.
Effects of 56Fe-Particle Cranial Radiation on Hippocampus-Dependent Cognition Depend on the Salience of the Environmental Stimuli

Ionizing radiation reduces the numbers of neurons expressing activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). It is currently unclear if that change relates to cognitive function. We assessed the effects of 1 Gy of head-only 56Fe-particle irradiation on hippocampus-dependent and hippocampus-independent fear conditioning and determined how those changes related to Arc expression within the DG. Irradiated mice that did not receive tone-shock pairings on day 1 showed less freezing in the same context on a second day and a lower fraction of Arc-expressing neurons in the free (lower) blade of the DG than sham-irradiated mice. Those data suggested reduced hippocampus-dependent spatial habituation learning. Changes in Arc expression in the free blade correlated positively with freezing in mice that did not receive tone-shock pairings. However, irradiated mice that did receive tone-shock pairings showed enhanced contextual freezing but a reduced percentage of Arc-exp...
EXCEPTIONAL PEOPLE: HOW MIGRATION SHAPED OUR WORLD AND WILL DEFINE OUR FUTURE

Ian Goldin, Geoffrey Cameron, and Meera Balarajan, EXCEPTIONAL PEOPLE: HOW MIGRATION SHAPED OUR WORLD AND WILL DEFINE OUR FUTURE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011, xi + 371 pp., $24....
Prevalence of Self-report Photosensitivity in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

Background Little is known about the prevalence of self-reported photosensitivity (PS) and its effects on quality of life in a US cutaneous lupus population. Objective We sought to determine the prevalence of self-reported PS among a cutaneous lupus population and to examine its impact on quality of life. Methods A total of 169 patients with lupus were interviewed about PS symptoms and completed the modified Skindex-29+3, a quality-of-life survey. A complete skin examination was conducted and the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index was completed. Results In all, 68% of patients reported some symptoms of PS. The PS group (those who reported a history of and current PS) scored worse on PS-related items of the modified Skindex-29+3 and had higher cutaneous disease activity as determined by the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index. Patients with PS had worse symptoms and emotions and experienced significant functional impairments compared with patients who had cutaneous lupus without PS. Limitations This study was done at a single referral center. Conclusions Self-reported PS is very common among patients with cutaneous lupus and is associated with significant impairments related to symptoms, emotions, and daily functioning.
Thin wafer handling process evaluation for 3DIC integration

After temporary bonding and thinning process, many backside processes will be conducted on the thinned wafer. The critical processes for thin wafer handling material are high temperature and high vacuum processes. In this article, a quick adhesive selecting method is proposed. Backside process of PECVD SiO 2 is identified as the most critical process for thin wafer handling material selection. Two thermal plastic thin wafer handling materials are used in this study for 300 mm wafers and thermal compress bonding in a vacuum chamber is used for bonding process. After bonding, the wafer is thinned down to 50 µm by a commercialized grinder and the PECVD SiO 2 process is conducted on the thinned wafer. Many dishes were found after PECVD SiO 2 process because there is outgassing from the thin wafer handling material or from the device/carrier wafer surface. In this research, an additional hold time is proposed to reduce the dishing after PECVD SiO 2 process. Different hold time at 210 °C and different bonding time are evaluated. For the bonding process without hold time, large voids are observed. There are also 29 dishes on the surface of the wafer. By adding additional 5 minutes hold time before bonding, the number of the dishing on the wafer surface reduced from 29 to 6. If the hold time is set to 10 minutes, only 4 dishes were found on the wafer surface. From the evaluation result of these two thermal plastic thin wafer handling materials, B-glue seems much better than A-glue. The hold time seems very critical on void reduction during bonding process. From B-glue on PECVD SiO 2 experiment, 10 minutes hold time has the better performance for void reduction. The bonding process with zero hold time has the worst performance which has many voids after PECVD SiO 2 process. An ultra-thin 300 mm wafer with a thickness less than 7 µm is also demonstrated in this research by using B-glue and 10 minutes hold time.
Modeling and representation of manufacturing process with uncertainties using parametric modular design and xPNML

This paper proposes fuzzy Colored Petri Nets with stochastic time delay (FCPN-std) as one of methodologies of incorporating qualitative uncertainties and stochastic information in a manufacturing system. As a combined model with fuzzy colored Petri Nets (FCPNs) and stochastic Petri Nets (SPNs), it captures and models statistical and qualitative uncertainties in manufacturing processes. A parametric modular design methodology is proposed for effective design of complex processes. A mold producing process in digital camera making industry is modeled as an example application. The model incorporating uncertain and stochastic information is represented using extended Petri Net Markup Language (xPNML) architecture. xPNML formatted fuzzy colored Petri Net with stochastic time delay is shown as an effective design methodology and representation tool for describing manufacturing processes and capturing uncertainties.
Spectroscopic characterization of chromic transition in polydiacetylenes, 3†

From optical absorption and infrared data, we have been able to establish the existence of a direct relationship between the weakening of the hydrogen-bonding properties of the side-chain and the chromic transition of the main chain for poly{1,2-bis{4-[N-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-carbamoyloxy]butyl}-1-buten-3-ynediyl} (poly4BCMU), a family of soluble polydiacetylenes disubstituted with 4-[N-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyloxy]butyl side chains. This observation is in contrast to the lack of correlation found for polydiacetylene film. Our data also show that this chromic transition is unaffected by the gelation process found for this family of polydiacetylenes.
Ultrasound appearance of knuckle pads

We describe the ultrasound appearance of knuckle pads. Retrospective analysis of imaging in a series of five patients initially referred for evaluation of periarticular soft-tissue swelling of the hands involving the dorsum of the PIP and MP joints. Two patients had associated Dupuytren’s contractures. Ultrasound and radiographs of the hands in all patients were reviewed and correlated with clinical history and physical exams. Radiographs in four patients demonstrated dorsal soft-tissue thickening. Ultrasound exams showed increased dorsal subcutaneous thickening, with either diffuse or focal hypoechoic areas corresponding to the areas of soft-tissue fullness identified on physical exam. No erosions or synovial proliferation were identified either by radiographs or ultrasound of the underlying joints. Knuckle pads can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from synovitis on physical examination. Musculoskeletal ultrasound can quickly identify these superficial lesions and exclude underlying synovial proliferation.
MMPI-2 and Race in a Forensic Diagnostic Sample

This study examined the association between race and MMPI-2 scores in a sample of 211 individuals who completed the MMPI-2 as part of their court-ordered forensic psychological evaluations. Of these, 137 Caucasians and 47 African Americans produced valid MMPI-2 protocols. The two groups' mean scores on the MMPI-2 validity, clinical, content, and substance abuse scales were compared through a series of analyses of variance. Significant differences between the two groups were found only on the content scales Cynicism and Antisocial Practices, with the African American group scoring higher than the Caucasian group. Discussion focuses on the relative absence of differences between African Americans' and Caucasians' MMPI-2 scores in this study and on directions for further research.
Framing Islam: An Analysis of U.S. Media Coverage of Terrorism Since 9/11

Since 9/11 there have been 11 terrorist events on U.S. soil that occurred or were stopped on the planned day of attack. This study of news coverage of those terrorist events revealed a thematic pattern of terrorism coverage in which fear of international terrorism is dominant, particularly as Muslims/Arabs/Islam working together in organized terrorist cells against a “Christian America,” while domestic terrorism is cast as a minor threat that occurs in isolated incidents by troubled individuals.
Chip-Scale Photonic Crystal Spectrometers with High Resolution for Lab-on-a-chip Sensing Applications

Compact on-chip spectrometers with high resolution are an important building block needed in implementing spectral interrogation for optical lab-on-a-chip sensing applications. Photonic crystal (PC) superprism devices provide a proper solution as integrated on-chip spectrometers due to their unique and strong dispersive properties and possibility of implementation in a variety of host materials. Here, we show that by combining three unique PC dispersive properties (superprism effect, negative diffraction, and negative refraction) it is possible to realize a unique spectrometer with high resolution (better that 10 pm) in detecting spectral features. The performance of this device is compared with other spectrometers, and further steps to improve the resolution are discussed.
Gradient index polymer optics

We developed novel lenses from gradient index, multi-polymer sheets. The sheets were processed into lenses with spherically-symmetric index profiles. An F/2.25 GRIN singlet produced images with 4times better contrast than a commercial F/2.25 glass singlet.
Use of Selective Agar Media in Diagnosis of Plant Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Plants respond in many ways to invasion by pathogenic organisms. The plant’s response is often so specific that presumptive diagnosis can be made by symptoms alone. Diseases caused by fungal pathogens are generally easy to diagnose because the pathogen produces characteristic fruiting bodies or spores visible with a hand lens or light microscope. In contrast, cells of bacteria are difficult to observe under a light microscope. However, in many cases masses of cells can easily be seen oozing from freshly cut tissue. Some bacteria ooze in such great quantities that a microscope is not needed. For example, with P. solanacearum infected stem tissue can be placed in water in a graduate cylinder to visually observe bacteria streaming from the tissues.
The Pseudo-Clementine writings and Shem-Tob's hebrew Matthew

In his History of Dogma, Adolph Harnack wrote that the ‘Pseudo-Clementines contribute absolutely nothing to our knowledge of the origin of the Catholic Church and doctrine.’ Hans Lietzmann, Harnack's successor in Berlin, concluded similarly in his assessment of these writings. He wrote that the Clementines are ‘fictions without historical basis, and valueless for the study of the early Christian and Judaistic period’.
Comparative Correlatives Comparatively

The comparative correlative construction (The more you eat, the fatter you get) has received sporadic attention in the literature, with few concrete results when it comes to our understanding of the syntax of the construction. This article analyzes comparative correlatives as well-behaved, crosslinguistically consistent correlative constructions whose initial clause is a relative clause adjoined to the second clause, which functions as the root of the construction. Examining comparative correlative data from a variety of languages, the article subjects the internal structure of the construction's two clauses to careful scrutiny, as well as the microscopic structure of the comparative-headed constituents introducing the two clauses.
Cellular Automata Models of Disorder And Organization

Cellular automata are mathematical objects introduced in 1948 by J. von Neumann and S. Ulam to “abstract the logical structure of life” [1], Since then, they have established themselves as unique tools to analyze the emergence of global organization, complexity, and pattern formation from the iteration of local operations between simple elements. They have also been extensively used as models of universal computation, and are being increasingly applied to a variety of concepts from physics and chemistry[2]. They are in fact versatile enough to offer analogies with almost all the themes discussed at this meeting (in particular: self-organization, dissipative systems, spatial vs. thermal fluctuations, neural networks, optimization, ergodicity-breaking, and ultrametricity)
When Good Management Isnt Enough: The Story Of A Czech Business In The Twentieth Century

We teach management as a rational process: if you conscientiously apply the concepts learned, you will succeed. However, for this equation to work certain underlying factors must be in place. No matter how well prepared managers may be, events unfold around them that profoundly affect their organizations. We may take the basic infrastructure of democratic capitalism for granted when we teach management education, but it doesn’t hurt to remind our students occasionally that these ‘givens’ aren’t always there. By teaching our students to appreciate how remarkable is the achievement of democratic capitalism, will we be more likely to protect it and perhaps even improve upon it.
Mie scattering of purely azimuthal Laguerre-Gauss beams: Angular-momentum-induced transparency

The Mie scattering of a circularly polarized, purely azimuthal Laguerre-Gauss beam carrying orbital angular momentum from a particle small compared with the incident wavelength is treated analytically. Using the vector spherical harmonics, we show angular momentum conservation leads to two physical mechanisms that cause vanishingly small scattering intensity when the dipole moment dominates the response of the particle. The application of this angular-momentum-induced transparency is discussed in the case of a plasmonic crystal whose collective modes possess a well-defined angular momentum content.
Electron Microscopic Morphology of Frozen-Dried Particles of Meningo-Pneumonitis Virus.∗

SummaryPreparation of elementary bodies of meningo-pneumonitis virus for electron microscopy by freeze-drying provided spherical particles of 250 to 270 mμ diameter instead of the flattened particles of 380 to 435 mμ diameter obtained by mounting and air drying the specimen in the usual manner. The diameters of the frozen-dried particles corresponded well with diameters estimated by filtration and centrifugation of elementary bodies in the suspended state. Thus, the freeze-dry method preserved approximately the form and dimensions which the elementary bodies possessed in the hydrated state and probably in the infected cell.
Formamidines and Formanilides as Inhibitors of Permethrin Degradation by Insect Preparations

Several formamidines and formanilides were evaluated at concentrations of 1 × 10−3 and 1 × 10−5 M for their ability to inhibit the degradation of permethrin in vitro by oxidase and esterase preparations from adult house flies, Musca domestica (L.), and by pyrethroid esterase from gut preparations of larval cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). Formamidines and formanilides inhibited the activity of house fly oxidase and esterase preparations; however, they generally were better inhibitors of oxidase activity than esterase activity. Neither formamidines nor formanilides showed appreciable inhibition of permethrin degradation by cabbage looper pyrethroid esterase at 1 × 10−5 M , but most compounds were active inhibitors at 1 × 10−3 M . Several of these formamidines and formanilides have been shown in other studies to interact synergistically with insecticides and acaricides in insects and mites. Inhibition of pesticide metabolism by these compounds might playa role in the synergistic interaction. Dual action on oxidases and esterases could be significant in the case of compounds such as pyrethroids that are degraded by both oxidative and hydrolytic modes.
Videos in clinical medicine. Reduction of paraphimosis in boys.

Paraphimosis is a urologic emergency that must be treated immediately. This video demonstrates the proper technique for manual reduction, a noninvasive procedure that is usually successful.
Surface Chemistry of α-FeOOH Nanorods and Microrods with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid and Water Vapor: Insights into the Role of Particle Size, Surface Structure, and Surface Hydroxyl Groups in the Adsorption and Reactivity of α-FeOOH with Atmospheric Gases

In this study, heterogeneous interactions of H2O and HNO3 on goethite, α-FeOOH, a component of mineral dust aerosol, are investigated with simultaneous QCM measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Laboratory synthesized α-FeOOH of varying sizes (microrods and nanorods) when exposed to gas phase H2O and HNO3 results in the uptake of these gases. This combined approach of QCM measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy allows for both quantification of the amount of uptake and spectroscopic data that provides information on speciation of adsorbed products. The results show that, in the case of H2O, both microrods and nanorods take up water and that the total amounts of water, when normalized to surface area, are similar. However, for HNO3 uptake, the saturation coverage of total and irreversibly bound HNO3 on microrods was observed to be higher than that on nanorods, a size effect which is attributed to surface structural changes that occur as a function of particle size. Furthermore, an investigation of the beha...
Blood flow responses to mild-intensity exercise in ectopic vs. orthotopic prostate tumors; dependence upon host tissue hemodynamics and vascular reactivity

Exercise oncology is a rapidly developing field; however, there is a paucity in our understanding of tumor blood flow responses during exercise and the potential dependence of tumor perfusion and o...