cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barriers accessing abortion care and their association with psychological well-being

Introduction While multiple studies have examined the barriers people face when trying to access abortion care, we know little about the effects of these barriers on people’s psychological well-being. Previous research has demonstrated that symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression are highest at the time of seeking an abortion but decline substantially in the weeks and months post-abortion seeking. This study seeks to explain whether barriers accessing abortion care in part explain people’s elevated stress and anxiety at the time of seeking abortion. Method We surveyed 778 people accessing abortion care at four abortion facilities located in three “haven” states (California, Illinois, and New Mexico). We assessed the barriers and delays experienced accessing abortion care, perceived stress, and symptoms of generalized anxiety using validated measures. We conducted multivariable general estimating equation models to assess the association between barriers accessing care and perceived stress and anxiety. Results To get to the appointment, 33% of the people surveyed traveled from another state, 27% had to tell someone about the abortion they would have preferred not to, and 63% experienced barriers delaying them one or more days. The most common reasons for being delayed accessing abortion care included finding a place that does abortions (30%), procedure costs (30%), travel time (29%), and not knowing where to go (28%). Thirteen percent (13%) had been turned away at another clinic because they were too far along in pregnancy. In adjusted analyses, the barriers significantly associated with anxiety symptoms included being turned away at another clinic, being delayed 3 or more days due to barriers, having to tell someone about the abortion they would have preferred not to, and procedure cost barriers. Similar barriers were associated with experiencing symptoms of stress at the time of seeking an abortion. Conclusions While stress and anxiety at the time of abortion-seeking are often attributed to the abortion or decision itself, our findings suggest that the obstacles people must navigate in order to access care are important contributing factors. We find that experiencing barriers accessing abortion care is associated with people’s psychological well-being at the time of seeking an abortion.
International Assessments of Student Performance: The Paradoxes of Benchmarks and Empirical Evidence for National Policy

There is a “commonsense” in the contemporary policy that moves across Europe and North America. That commonsense is the use of benchmarks in welfare state reform to assure the proper articulation of goals that enable their measurement and attainment. The corollary of the benchmark statements is that research identifies the empirical evidence that testifies about what works to secure the desired changes. The putting together of benchmarks and the call for “scientific evident” entails the faith that the correct mixture of research and policy will provide the pathways for effective social and educational improvement.
A Perspective-Invariant Approach to Nash Bargaining

The Nash axioms lead to different results depending on whether the negotiation is framed in terms of gains relative to no agreement or in terms of sacrifices relative to an ideal. We look for a sol...
Metamorphism of Polar Firn: Significance of Microstructure in Energy, Mass and Chemical Species Transfer

Energy, mass transfer and grain recrystallization processes show the most dynamic variation in the upper few meters of polar firn. Our understanding of processes in dry snow and polar firn shows feedback mechanisms exist between microstructure changes and energy and mass transfer coefficients. Differences between the predominant processes in the short polar summer and the winter cause sharp textural discontinuities in the stratigraphic columns at many polar locations. This distinctive layering forms the basis of studies on accumulation rates, layer ages and other investigations pertinent to firn and ice core analysis. Processes forming the stratification of the firn are not completely understood, nor are the associated loading patterns of chemical species. Past research on energy and mass transfer in near-surface polar firn is briefly surveyed. Current research focuses on processes controlled by the geometry of the ice and pore phases in the snow and firn. An overview is given of some of this work.
Checkpointing SPAdes for Metagenome Assembly: Transparency versus Performance in Production.

The SPAdes assembler for metagenome assembly is a long-running application commonly used at the NERSC supercomputing site. However, NERSC, like many other sites, has a 48-hour limit on resource allocations. The solution is to chain together multiple resource allocations in a single run, using checkpoint-restart. This case study provides insights into the "pain points" in applying a well-known checkpointing package (DMTCP: Distributed MultiThreaded CheckPointing) to long-running production workloads of SPAdes. This work has exposed several bugs and limitations of DMTCP, which were fixed to support the large memory and fragmented intermediate files of SPAdes. But perhaps more interesting for other applications, this work reveals a tension between the transparency goals of DMTCP and performance concerns due to an I/O bottleneck during the checkpointing process when supporting large memory and many files. Suggestions are made for overcoming this I/O bottleneck, which provides important "lessons learned" for similar applications.
Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing One Percent Buffered Versus Two Percent Unbuffered Lidocaine Injections in Children

Purpose: Buffered local anesthetics offer an alternative to conventional, unbuffered anesthetic formulations; however, evidence about their use in children is scant. The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic and physiologic differences associated with the use of buffered one percent and unbuffered two percent lidocaine (both with 1:100,000 epinephrine) in children. Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, crossover study, 25 children ages 10 to 12 years old received two inferior alveolar never blocks, at least one week apart, randomized to alternating sequences of two drug formulations: (1) formula A-three mL buffered one percent lidocaine (i.e., including 0.3 mL of 8.4 percent sodium bicarbonate); or (2) formula B-three mL unbuffered two percent lidocaine. Primary outcomes were mean blood lidocaine levels (15 minutes post-injection), timing of clinical signs onset, response to pain on injection, and duration of anesthesia. Analyses relied upon analysis of variance for crossover study designs and a P<0.05 statistical significance criterion. Results: The buffered formulation resulted in significantly lower mean blood lidocaine levels compared to unbuffered-a 63 percent (P<0.05) weight-adjusted relative decrease. The authors found no important differences in pain upon injection, onset, and duration of anesthesia. Conclusion: The buffered local anesthetic formulation showed equal effectiveness with a double-concentration unbuffered formulation while resulting in lower mean blood lidocaine levels-an important gain for the prevention of anesthetic toxicity.
Modeling biological materials with peridynamics

Abstract A better understanding of the mechanical behavior of biological materials has the potential to improve clinical decision making, guide medical protocol, and inform engineering design. Biological materials are fascinating because they often have a complex hierarchical structure and, unlike traditional engineering materials, they often adapt in response to changes in their environment. However, modeling biological materials is challenging because many of the fundamental mechanisms guiding material growth and response to intervention are unknown. And, even when behavior is well understood on one spatial scale, it is often poorly understood on others. Critically, some biological materials undergo fracture, and some cannot be conveniently categorized as either fully continuous or fully discrete. Recently, the peridynamic framework has been adapted and extended to address challenges specifically relevant to modeling biological materials. In this chapter, we summarize several of these recent advances. We highlight work on the subcellular, cellular, and macroscale, and show examples of the peridynamic framework in a multiscale model. The work presented here represents a starting point for significant future investigation toward understanding, predicting, and ultimately controlling the mechanical behavior of biological materials.
Ethics, Exegesis and Philosophy: Interpretation after Levinas

Introduction: philosophy as ethical exegesis Part I. Exceeding Phenomenology: 1. Bergson and the emergence of an ecological age 2. Science: phenomenology, intuition and philosophy 3. The good work of Edmund Husserl 4. Better than a questionable Heidegger Part II. Good and Evil: 5. Alterity and alteration: development of an opus 6. Maternal body/maternal psyche: contra psychoanalytic philosophy 7. Humanism and the rights of exegesis 8. What good is the Holocaust? On suffering and evil 9. Ricoeur and the lure of self-esteem 10. In conclusion Index.
A Service Delivery Model for Physical Activity in Students with Visual Impairments: Camp Abilities:

Educational services for students with visual impairments have changed over the past several decades. During this time, Camp Abilities, a developmental sports camp, has emerged as an authority in p...
Art-Making or Place-Making? The Relationship between Open-Air Performance Venues and Neighborhood Change

This study assesses the impact of a particular type of arts planning investment—an open-air performance venue—on a set of indicators measuring neighborhood change. Using data from the 1990 and 2000 Decennial Censuses and the 2008–2012 American Community Survey, the study analyzes relationships between the presence of an open-air performance venue and indicators of neighborhood change through a propensity score matching and a difference-in-differences model. The results show that, overall, neighborhoods with open-air performance venues are associated with expansion or growth, and less so with changes in resident composition.
Implementing aspects in middleware

Aspect-Oriented Programming is becoming an accepted methodology to add further structure to Object-Oriented programming in larger software applications. This paper describes a programming project using aspects and design patterns to create a system to add, browse, change, and delete data using middleware. Aspect-Oriented analysis of cross-cutting concerns allows the code for the multi-user version of this project to avoid code tangling and scattering.
Advanced neural implants using thin-film polymers

BioMEMS devices can be designed to provide viable neural interfaces for long-term, high-density, two-way communication with selected areas of cerebral cortex. Prototype thin-film polymer implantable microelectrode arrays were developed to extend the microelectrode design space in several ways, including enhanced flexibility, engineered surfaces and coatings, and new types of microchannels. Prototype MEMS silicon microdevices were developed as microsurgical tools for reliably inserting the flexible polymer electrodes into the cerebral cortex. Hybrid polymer microdevices were also developed for neural recording and stimulation combined with micro-drug delivery.
Eluent Additives and the Optimization of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Procedures

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of several separation techniques that are based on the differential migration of an analyte (solute) through a fixed medium as the result of a driving force, the eluent. In the case of HPLC, the eluent is typically either a binary or ternary mixture of solvents and the stationary phase is most often a porous adsorbent or a chemically bonded phase attached to a porous substrate. The rate of migration of an individual solute and the separation between groups of solutes are governed by their interactions with the stationary phase. Thus, the optimization of an HPLC method involves the selection/adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters which control the rate of migration of the solute in such a fashion that baseline resolution is obtained between it and other co-analytes or interfering compounds within the mixture. In doing this, given a series of closely related compounds, it is important to identify structural differences between solutes and to maximize the interactions with the stationary phase arising from them. This article considers the important physical and chemical aspects of the solute, eluent, and stationary phase in terms of chemical equilibria, solute structure, eluent conditions, operational parameters, and nonideal effects. Likewise, as several approaches may lead to acceptable analytical separations, other performance criteria such as simplicity, reliability, speed, and cost also are discussed in terms of arriving at the optimal method.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS: Developmental Psychopathology, the Public Health Approach to Violence, and the Cycle of Violence

In many disciplines, there are applications of theory to provide strategies for research and practice. But, at this point in time, given the complex nature of violence, few existing theories effectively address all important variables. In order to overcome deficiencies in violence theory development, it will be necessary for violence researchers and practitioners to better define the concept of violence, improve research designs and program evaluations, and make multidisciplinary collaboration a priority.
Keynes' Chapter Twenty-Two: A System Dynamics Model

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the usefulness of Keynes' approach by modeling it using system dynamics. As this technique allows the researcher to place the analysis in time it is especially well suited to the task. It also allows us to see exactly which elements seem to create the characteristic shape of the business cycle and crisis.
Hemispheric specialization and cognitive behavior therapy

Some cognitive behavior therapy methods focus upon verbal cognition, others place more emphasis upon imagery. These two modes of cognition are represented differently in the brain: In most individuals imagery is a function of the right cerebral hemisphere and verbal cognition is processed in the left hemisphere. Two cognitive behavioral methods, one emphasizing imagery, the other verbalizations, were used by speech-anxious subjects, half of whom showed greater right hemisphere usage, half greater left hemisphere usage as indicated by their lateral eye movements in response to reflective questions. Although only approaching significance, the results suggested that treatment was most effective if it employed cognition of the subjects nonpreferred hemisphere. This may suggest that clients with clear imagery may benefit more from a verbal strategy, while clients with frequent self-verbalization may benefit more by using coping imagery.
Risk and stability: a contribution to growth empirics

This paper is an attempt to study the role that stable economic, financial, and political environments play in economic growth. It employs a modified version of the new growth model as developed by Barro (1997) in a sample of 80 developing countries. Unlike previous studies, the paper contemplates the government policies from a broad perspective encompassing economic, financial, and political aspects. This methodological parsimony along with the direction between stability and growth represent the main contribution of the paper. The econometric results support the essential role of stability in economic growth.
How fast does an atrial myxoma grow

We describe the case of a 58-year-old man who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with an unremarkable transesophageal echocardiogram. Three years later he underwent a routine transthoracic echocardiogram that was normal. Eleven months later he presented with dyspnea and right-sided heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a large mass located in the right atrium in which the base was inserted by the junction of the inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. Pathology showed a myxoma that measured 15 x 3 cm implying a growth rate of 1.36 x 0.3 cm/month.
Cis‐diamminedichloride platinum II (DDP) in the treatment of penile carcinoma

Cis-diamminedichloride platinum II (DDP) was administered to eight patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the penis. Three of six adequately treated patients had an objective response: one patient achieved complete remission of 7 months duration and 2 patients had partial remissions of 8 and 2 months, respectively. DDP appears to be an active agent in the treatment of penile carcinoma.
Capital Mobility and State Autonomy: Toward a Structural Theory of International Monetary Relations

This article argues that the degree of capital market integration between states meets even the restrictive criteria established by structural realists for consideration as a structural feature of international politics; that is to say, the degree of international capital mobility systematically constrains state behavior by rewarding some actions and punishing others. Key terms are defined, and a heuristic model of the "capital mobility hypothesis" is introduced. Evidence from both U.S.-Japanese and intra-European monetary relations appears to corroborate the model. However, since the distribution of costs generated by monetary independence under conditions of relatively mobile capital can be asymmetrical, caution is warranted when generalizing about the effects of heightened capital mobility on individual states' monetary autonomy.
Multiplane Transesophageal Echocardiographic Detection of Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect

We present two case reports of diagnosis and evaluation of sinus venosus atrial septal defects by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography.
Synthesis of [11C]celecoxib: a potential PET probe for imaging COX‐2 expression

[11C]Labeling of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor and prescription drug for arthritis and pain has been achieved. The precursor molecule for the radiolabeling was synthesized from 4-bromoacetophenone in 4 steps with 23% overall yield. Stille reaction of N-[bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl]-4-[5-(4-tributylstannylphenyl)-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (5) with methyl iodide in presence of catalytic amounts of Pd2(dba)3, tri-o-tolylphosphine, CuCl and excess of K2CO3 in DMF followed by deprotection of the sulfonamide with 20% trifluoroaceticacid yielded 4-(5-p-tolyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide or celecoxib (6) in 30% yield. However, under identical conditions, synthesis of [11C]celecoxib ([11C]6) was unsuccessful. Instead, trapping [11C]CH3I in an argon purged solution of catalytic amounts of Pd2(dba)3 and tri-o-tolylphosphine followed by the addition of the precursor 5 in DMF under argon and heating the mixture at 135°C for 4 min resulted in the incorporation of [11C]CH3 group. Removal of the dimethoxytrityl (DMT) with 20% trifluoroacetic acid afforded [11C]celecoxib in 40 min (EOB) and 8±2% yield (EOB) along with a specific activity of 1080±180 Ci/mmol (n=6) (EOB). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen accumulation in and at the perimeter of U–C–N–O inclusions in uranium – A SIMS analysis☆

Abstract We use imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with a Cameca NanoSIMS 50 to determine the distribution and relative concentration of H in two uranium metal samples: sample1(LANL), as cast with less than 1 wppm H, sample2(Y12), outgassed 6 h in vacuum at 630 °C to remove hydrogen. H ion counts appear almost exclusively associated with ‘carbide’ inclusions, based on H − , C − and O − ion images for uranium surfaces sputter-cleaned in situ with a 16 keV Cs + ion beam. Two classes of inclusions are identified: small, micrometer to sub-micrometer inclusions and larger, clearly angular inclusion (⩾3 μm). In sample1(LANL) the large inclusions (⩾250/mm 2 ) show a low H − / C − ratio inside, and have H − / C − ratios at their perimeters comparable in magnitude to that seen in μm-size inclusions. Small inclusions (∼2500/mm 2 ) contain H more uniformly throughout and, averaged over the inclusion, the small inclusions have approximately 50 times higher relative H concentration than the large inclusions. Sample2(Y12) was found to have comparable H − / C − ratios in the large carbides, but no small inclusions were observed. Because of the matrix-sensitivity of SIMS, H / C ratios representing the actual composition of the inclusions cannot be derived from the H − / C − ratios without calibration UC samples with known H content, which are not currently available.
Getting the iron out

In the competition for control of iron between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host cells, very little is understood about how these bacteria use small-molecule siderophores to obtain iron. A mechanism is now shown for intracellular iron acquisition by mycobacterial lipophilic siderophores.
Correlative secretion of protein, lactose and K + in milk of the goat.

Rates of secretion of milk constituents (fat, protein, lactose, Na+ and K+) in the lactating goat were measured under normal circumstances and after injections of ouabain. In all experiments a close association was noted in the secretion rates for protein, lactose and K+. Under the influence of ouabain, the concentration of Na+ in the milk tended to rise and that of K+ to fall. The rate of milk fat secretion varied independently from the rates for the other constituents. It is reasonably assumed that the principal mechanism of milk protein secretion is by emptying of Golgi vesicles through the plasma membrane. The close correlation in rates for protein, lactose and K+ supports the contention that all three are assembled in Golgi vesicles and secreted by the same mechanism.
An obligation model bridging access control policies and privacy policies

In this paper, we present a novel obligation model for the Core Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control (P-RBAC), and discuss some design issues in detail. Pre-obligations, post-obligations, conditional obligations, and repeating obligations are supported by the obligation model. Interaction between permissions and obligations is discussed, and efficient algorithms are provided to detect undesired effects.
Biological accumulation of engineered nanomaterials: a review of current knowledge

Due to the widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer and industrial products, concerns have been raised over their impacts once released into the ecosystems. While there has been a wealth of studies on the short-term acute toxic effects of ENMs over the past decade, work on the chronic endpoints, such as biological accumulation, has just begun to increase in last 2–3 years. Here, we comprehensively review over 65 papers on the biological accumulation of ENMs under a range of ecologically relevant exposure conditions in water, soil or sediment with the focus on quantitative comparison among these existing studies. We found that daphnid, fish, and earthworm are the most commonly studied ecological receptors. Current evidence suggests that ENM accumulation level is generally low in fish and earthworms with logarithmic bioconcentration concentration factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor ranging from 0.85–3.43 (L kg−1) and −2.21–0.4 (kg kg−1), respectively. ENMs accumulated in organisms at the lower trophic level can transfer to higher trophic level animals with the occurrence of biomagnification varying depending on the specific food chain studied. We conclude the review by identifying the challenges and knowledge gaps and propose paths forward.
Logical Foundations for Belief Representation

This essay presents a philosophical and computational theory of the representation of de re, de dicto, nested, and quasi-indexical belief reports expressed in natural language. The propositional Semantic Network Processing System (SNePS) is used for representing and reasoning about these reports. In particular, quasi-indicators (indexical expressions occurring in intentional contexts and representing uses of indicators by another speaker) pose problems far natural-language representation and reasoning systems, because—unlike pure indicators—they cannot be replaced by coreferential NPs without changing the meaning of the embedding sentence. Therefore, the referent of the quasi-indicator must be represented in such a way that no invalid coreferential claims are entailed. The importance of quasi-indicators is discussed, and it is shown that all four of the above categories of belief reports can be handled by a single representational technique using belief spaces containing intensional entities. Inference rules and belief-revision techniques for the system ore also examined.
Vascular rings and slings: interesting vascular anomalies.

Introduction:A vascular ring refers to encirclement of the trachea and oesophagus by an abnormal combination of derivatives of the aortic arch system. These malformations can cause variable degrees of compression of the oesophagus, trachea or both. Symptoms can range from no effect to severe stridor, dyspnoea and/or dysphagia.Method and results:This study presents a case series of six patients treated over a six-year period (2003–2009), illustrating the features of four different types of vascular ring; these types are discussed in detail. The clinical presentation, radiology, and microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy findings are also discussed.Conclusion:The management of children with vascular rings requires a high index of clinical suspicion to ensure prompt diagnosis. As many of these children present with airway symptoms, the paediatric otolaryngologist plays a key role in identifying and assessing their anatomical anomalies.
New approaches to single-cell analysis by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract The contents of individual cells can be readily separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and detected with a variety of methods. This article emphasizes two emerging trends of single-cell measurements by CE: (1) refinement in instrumentation to perform more efficient analyses of individual cells and (2) detection of different classes of analytes contained in single cells. Increased interest in measuring chemistry on a cell by cell basis drives the development of instrumentation capabilities in the areas of sample handling and manipulation, automation, and detection for the improvement of fractionating and identifying intracellular contents. Detection of different classes of intracellular analytes (compared to those studied in the earlier work) has resulted from enhanced detector technology, improved knowledge of derivatization chemistry, and new perceptions about the measured amounts and corresponding meaning of relevant biological analytes. This article focuses on instrumentation for automated single-cell analysis and continuous cell injection. The coupling of mass spectrometry to CE for the detection and identification of analytes from individual cells is also discussed. Finally, novel methods for the detection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, RNA, and progesterone from single cells are described.
A Personal Experience with 37 Turner-Warwick Scrotal Inlay Urethroplasties

Summary The use of the Turner-Warwick scrotal inlay urethroplasty has been reviewed in 37 cases, of whom 25 have been completed with closure of their urethroplasties. The patients have been delighted with their micturition even during the review stage but slight post-micturition dribbling and impaired ejaculation have been reported in a few cases. The use of fine Dexon absorbable sutures throughout all stages of the urethroplasty has been recommended. I wish to express my gratitude to Richard Turner-Warwick for initiating me into this technique of scrotal inlay urethroplasty.
Multispectral Plasmon Induced Transparency in Coupled Meta-Atoms

We introduce an approach enabling construction of a scalable metamaterial media supporting multispectral plasmon induced transparency. The composite multilayered media consist of coupled meta-atoms with radiant and subradiant hybridized plasmonic modes interacting through the structural asymmetry. A perturbative model incorporating hybridization and mode coupling is introduced to explain the observed novel spectral features. The proposed scheme is demonstrated experimentally by developing a lift-off-free fabrication scheme that can automatically register multiple metamaterial layers in the transverse plane. This metamaterial which can simultaneously enhance nonlinear processes at multiple frequency domains could open up new possibilities in optical information processing.
Temporary Abolition of Pain in Man

In eight patients with intense chronic cutaneous pain, sensory nerves or roots. supplying the painful area were stimulated. Square-wave 0.1-millisecond pulses at 100 cycles per second were applied, and the voltage was raised until the patient reported tingling in the area. During this stimulation, pressure on previously sensitive areas failed to evoke pain. Four patients, who had diseases of their peripheral nerves, experienced relief of their pain for more than half an hour after stimulation for 2 minutes.
Model for computing volume-averaged plasma properties in electron-bombardment ion thrusters

This paper describes a model for computing volume-averaged values of the plasma properties inside electron-bombardment ion thrusters, using spatially varying Langmuir-probe measurements. The proposed model is intended to identify the correct plasma property averaging process that transforms the measured, spatially varying plasma parameters within a given thruster into their equivalent, spatially uniform values. This transformation technique allows thruster designs to be evaluated and compared on the basis of a single average value for each plasma parameter. In addition, it allows valid quantitative comparison with modern theoretical models of ion thruster discharge plasmas that are based on the characteristics of a spatially uniform plasma. Average values of the Maxwellian electron temperature and density, as well as the primary electron energy and density, are computed, compared, and interpreted for several different operational set points of two 30-cm diam mercury ion thrusters; a ring-cusp thruster and a J-series thruster, J-2. For low values of beam-ion-production cost, the superior performance of the ring-cusp thruster is correlated with a higher volume-averaged Maxwellian electron temperature and primary electron density compared to the J-series thruster. The volume-averaged plasma properties for both thrusters are compared with the analytical predictions of a detailed ion thruster performance model that is based on the characteristics of a spatially uniform plasma. Good quantitative and qualitative agreement is obtained between the volume-averaged and the ion thruster performance model calculations.
Incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation in the MELD era.

Background and Aims Deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) rates for candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have significantly increased in the MELD era because of the extra priority given to these candidates. We examined the incidence and pre-DDLT radiological and donor factors associated with post-DDLT HCC recurrence in the MELD era.
Effects of joint contracture on the contralateral unoperated limb in a rabbit knee contracture model: A biomechanical and genetic study

In most animal models, unoperated contralateral limbs are used as controls. However, in some experimental circumstances, the contralateral limb may represent a skewed control. The main purpose of this study was to determine if the unoperated contralateral limb could be used as a control, or if a different unoperated animal's limb should be used instead. Seventeen rabbits were divided into two groups. Group 1 rabbits (n = 12) underwent surgery on their right limbs to induce a contracture. Group 2 rabbits (n = 5) underwent no surgery. The left non-operated limbs of rabbits in group 1 were biomechanically and genetically compared to the limbs of unoperated rabbits in group 2 with the use of a validated joint measuring device and custom microarray, respectively. After 8 weeks of immobilization, there was a statistically greater flexion contracture in the unoperated contralateral limbs compared to the limbs of animals that received no surgery(8.4 ± 8.9° vs. 0 ± 0°; p-value = 0.03). When animals were remobilized for an additional 16 weeks, the significance between groups was lost (11.9 ± 21.4° vs. 8.9 ± 9.5°; p = 0.38). Similarly, there was a statistically significant increase in nine genes at 8 weeks (p < 0.001). However, at 24 weeks, only the PMCA 1 gene was statically increased (p < 0.001). In our rabbit model, the non-operated limb develops a small flexion contracture at 8 weeks. After 16 weeks of remobilization, there is no biomechanical or genetic difference between contralateral non-operated limbs and limbs of animals not undergoing any surgical intervention. Given the biomechanical and genetic findings, the contralateral non-operated limb can be used as a valid control. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1581–1585, 2012
Effects of Yariv phenylglycosides on Rosa cell suspensions: evidence for the involvement of arabinogalactan-proteins in cell proliferation

Treatment of ‘Paul's Scarlet rose (Rosa sp.) cell suspensions with β-D-glucosyl Yariv phenylglycoside (β-D-Glc)3, a chromophoric molecule that selectively binds arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), caused inhibition of cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner, with complete inhibition of growth occurring at 50 μM (β-D-Glc)3 in the culture medium. Growth was not inhibited by either α-D-galactosyl or β-D-mannosyl Yariv phenylglycosides which do not bind AGPs. Staining of cells with fluorescein diacetate indicated that (β-D-Glc)3 did not affect cell viability. Upon transfer of 50 μM (β-D-Glc)3-treated cells to control conditions, cell growth recovered with a time-course similar to that of control cells. Cell sizes in control and (β-D-Glc)3-treated cultures were similar, indicating that the mechanism of growth inhibition by (β-D-Glc)3 involved suppression of cell division. Two different analyses of (β-D-Glc)3-treated cells both showed that approximately 95% of the bound (β-D-Glc)3 was in the cell wall. Molecules that bound (β-D-Glc)3 were extracted from the cell wall and were identified as AGPs, as judged by their carbohydrate and amino acid compositions.
Binormal association-marginal models for empirically evaluating and comparing diagnostics

Anew method for empirically evaluating and comparing two diagnostics is introduced. Specifically, correlated ordinal rating data from a paired-comparison study are modelled using a flexible, new cl...
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SIMULATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC DRIVEN MICROFLUIDIC INKJET

Piezoelectric inkjet technology is critical to documentation, graphic arts and manufacturing applications. Physical modeling plays an essential role in the development of this technology. In this paper, we present a comprehensive, multi-level, inter-disciplinary simulation approach for piezoelectric inkjet design. This includes a high-fidelity, inter-disciplinary detailed simulation method for architecture investigation, and a much faster reduced-order modeling approach that enables interactive design of voltage waveforms. Simulation results are compared with experimental data. The multi-level inter-disciplinary simulation methodology presented here can be applied to designing MEMS and microfluidic devices and systems [1].Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Molecular genetic analysis of the Drosophila trithorax-related gene which encodes a novel SET domain protein

The products of the trithorax and Polycomb groups genes maintain the activity and silence, respectively, of many developmental genes including genes of the homeotic complexes. This transcriptional regulation is likely to involve modification of chromatin structure. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a new gene, trithorax-related (trr), which shares sequence similarities with members of both the trithorax and Polycomb groups. The trr transcript is 9.6 kb in length and is present throughout development. The TRR protein, as predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame, is 2431 amino acids in length and contains a PHD finger-like domain and a SET domain, two highly conserved protein motifs found in several trithorax and Polycomb group proteins, and in modifiers of position effect variegation. TRR is most similar in sequence to the human ALR protein, suggesting that trr is a Drosophila homologue of the ALR. TRR is also highly homologous to Drosophila TRITHORAX protein and to its human homologue, ALL-1/HRX. However, preliminary genetic analysis of a trr null allele suggests that TRR protein may not be involved in regulation of homeotic genes (i.e. not a member of the trithorax or Polycomb groups) or in position effect variegation.
Enhanced EUV performance of Wolter type II telescopes

This analysis of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) performance of Wolter type II telescopes as degraded by state-of-the-art optical fabrication errors is motivated by NASA's upcoming Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) mission. The primary goal of the FUSE mission is to perform high resolution spectroscopy in the spectral range of 912 angstroms - 1200 angstroms. The optical performance of the FUSE telescope will degrade drastically toward the EUV and of the spectrum. This image degradation is caused by the scattering effects of residual surface irregularities inherent in the optical fabrication process. NASA's Optical Surface Analysis Code is used to parametrically model the image degradation due to optical fabrication errors over the entire range of relevant spatial frequencies and allows us to determine the optical fabrication tolerances necessary to achieve improved performance in the EUV.
The Iowa Managed Substance Abuse Care Plan: Access, Utilization, and Expenditures for Medicaid Recipients

The Iowa Managed Substance Abuse Care Plan (IMSACP) used a behavioral health care organization to manage expenditures for treatment of alcohol and drug dependence financed through Medicaid, block grants, and state appropriations but maintained relatively distinct eligibility and benefit structures for Medicaid-eligible individuals. Medicaid claims, encounters, and eligibility files were reviewed for 2 years before and 3 years after implementation of IMSACP to evaluate changes in access, utilization, and expenditures. The rate of substance abuse treatment doubled, use of inpatient hospital services decreased, and residential and outpatient services increased. Direct care costs decreased, while total expenditures held steady. The Iowa experience suggests that a well-planned initiative can control costs and improve access and utilization.
New Specimens of a Titanosaur Sauropod from the Maastrichtian of Big Bend National Park, Texas

ABSTRACTNew specimens of a titanosaur sauropod from Maastrichtian strata in Big Bend National Park, Texas, include well-preserved dorsal vertebrae in association with pelvic elements. Anterior dorsal vertebrae are characterized by postspinal and centroprezygapophyseal laminae, with spinodiapophyseal laminae convergent on the anterior base of the neural spine. Posterior dorsal vertebrae are characterized by postzygodiapophyseal laminae and divided spinodiapophyseal laminae, with spinoprezygapophyseal laminae contributing to the prespinal lamina. The ilium and pubis differ from specimens previously collected, indicating a greater morphological disparity among titanosaurs in the Maastrichtian of West Texas than previously recognized. This disparity may be attributable to intraspecific variation or to the presence of multiple taxa. The new material is compatible with the only presently known North American titanosaur, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, but is not formally referred due to lack of overlap with the hypod...
Multiphoton Exchange Amplitudes at Infinite Energy

We illustrate in detail the summation of multiphoton exchange diagrams for $\mathrm{ee}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}e$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ elastic scattering amplitudes at the high-energy limit using the infinite-momentum technique reported earlier. These diagrams are shown to give rise to amplitudes proportional to $s$, the center-of-mass energy squared, multiplied by simple combinations of the eikonal forms of high-energy scattering.
The use of pharmacological tests in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

Abstract 1. 1. A partial review of the literature concerning pheochromocytoma is presented. 2. 2. A patient in whom the correct diagnosis was made preoperatively and the tumor successfully removed is discussed. 3. 3. Attention is called to the variability of the clinical picture associated with pheochromocytoma and its correlation with the type of epinephrine elaborated by the tumor. 4. 4. The benzodioxane, histamine, tetraethylammonium, and Mecholyl tests are reviewed and evaluated in the reported case. 5. 5. An explanation for the mechanism of action of tetraethylammonium in pheochromocytoma is advanced. 6. 6. It is concluded that a battery of pharmacological tests has a definite and useful place in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
The Alloimmunized Patient: Monitoring and Therapeutics

The sensitization of renal transplant patients in the form of antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies often constitutes significant risk to allograft function. Testing for these antibodies is done before, at the time of, and after renal transplantation. Correct interpretation of the results necessitates an understanding of the principles of the tests and of the clinical factors in the patients, especially those receiving another transplant. Treatment remains difficult, although preliminary trials with intravenous gamma globulin have shown promising results in some patients.
Association of Leisure-Time Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss:Asociación entre exposición a ruido durante el tiempo libre e hipoacusia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of noisy leisure activities with hearing loss. Participants (n=3571) were examined in a population-based study of age-related hearing loss conducted in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Hearing thresholds were determined by audiometry. Hearing loss was defined as the pure-tone average of the frequencies 500,1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz greater than 25 dB HL in either ear. Information regarding exposure to leisure-time noise was obtained by interview. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals who engaged in leisure activities with average sound levels greater than 90 dBA were significantly more likely to have a hearing loss than participants who did not engage in noisy leisure activities (OR=1.11, 95 per cent 0=1.01-1.22). Individuals who engaged in woodworking were 30 per cent more likely to have a hearing loss than those who had never done woodworking. There was a 6 per cent increased risk of hearing loss for each 5-year period of participation...
EXPERIMENTAL TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA IN MONKEYS : II. TREATMENT WITH AN ENZYME WHICH DECOMPOSES THE SPECIFIC CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III.

The effects of specific enzyme therapy upon experimental Type III pneumococcus pneumonia in monkeys were studied by comparing the course and outcome of the disease in treated animals with that in animals which received no therapeutic aid. Enzyme treatment was found to exert a distinctly favorable influence upon the experimental pneumonia. Treatment was followed by cessation of spread of the pneumonic lesion, sterilization of the blood, and early recovery, except in animals in which the severity of the disease was extreme. While in the untreated animals a high incidence of empyema and pericarditis was observed, suppurative sequelae were apparently prevented by adequate enzyme therapy. The limitations of the therapeutic action of the specific enzyme in the presence of marked depression of the cellular reaction in infected animals are again emphasized.
LEARNING DISABILITY AND CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION

Lateralized cerebral dysfunction in children is associated with specific clusters of cognitive deficits that impair learning. Right hemisphere learning disabilities may be etiologically related to childhood endogenous depressive illness, while left hemisphere learning disabilities may be reversibly worsened by such depression. It is suggested that diagnostic evaluation of learning disability should routinely include a search for childhood depressive illness.
Ion levels and membrane potential in chick heart tissue and cultured cells.

Intracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as well as resting potentials and overshoots have been determined in heart tissue from chick embryos aged 2–18 days. Intracellular potassium declined from 167 mM at day 2 to 117–119 mM at days 14–18. Intracellular sodium remained nearly constant at 30–35 mM during the same period. The mean resting potential increased from -61.8 mV at day 3 to about -80 mV at days 14–18. The mean overshoot during the same period increased from 12 to 30 mV. PNa/PK calculated from the ion data and resting potentials declined from 0.08 at day 3 to 0.01 at days 14–18. Thus, the development of embryonic chick heart during days 2–14 is characterized by a declining intracellular potassium concentration and an increasing resting potential and overshoot. Heart cells from 7- to 8-day embryos, cultured either in monolayer or reassociated into aggregates, were compared with intact tissue of the same age. The intracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium were similar in the three preparations and cultured cells responded to incubation in low potassium medium or treatment with ouabain in a manner similar to that of intact tissue. Resting potentials and overshoots were also similar in the three preparations.
Localized eigenstates in disordered systems: Application to photons

Abstract The recently developed localization function method is applied to the problem of lattice vibrations in isotopically disordered systems with nearest neighbor coupling. Higher value eigenfrequencies correspond to higher degree of localization. Under a crude approximation explicit results are obtained, which are in qualitative agreement with available calculations.
Volatile Constituents of Fish Protein Concentrate

SUMMARY— Progress in an investigation of the chemistry of flavor in fish protein concentrate (FPC) prepared by extraction of red hake (Urophycis chuss) with iso-propanol is described. Lyophilization of slurries of FPC yielded condensates from which a neutral fraction and a mixture of amine hydrochlorides were isolated. The quantity of amine mixture present was dependent on processing conditions used in the FPC preparation and was related to the flavor intensity observed. The contribution of neutral components to flavor was not determined. Based on chromatographic separations and direct investigation of components by mass spectrometry, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ammonia, ethylamine, diethylamine, n-propyl-amine and a butylamine were identified. The probable presence of methylamine, methylethylamine and iso-propylamine was indicated.