cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A low-power DS-CDMA RAKE receiver utilizing resource allocation techniques

This paper presents architectural and implementation innovations made to realize a self-contained front-end processor for any DS-CDMA-based system. At the heart of the ASIC is a highly flexible RAKE processing engine that utilizes a unique resource allocation technique for maximum flexibility. The front-end of the chip consists of a matched filter and an all digital timing and frequency recovery loop based on interpolation and direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS) techniques. A highly configurable multipath combiner is used to generate the final demodulated symbols by combining contributions from different multipath in a maximal ratio combining scheme. The combiner is also instrumental in performing channel estimation/correction and in closing the loop on the timing and frequency recovery circuits. The chip also features a multipath searcher which performs an energy scan of the wireless channel to decide on new valid multipath. To minimize power consumption and enhance the flexibility of the architecture a unique data tagging technique is utilized to decouple the sampling rate of the incoming data from the processing frequency of different blocks of the ASIC. All resources are programmable via a microcontroller interface that provides firmware control over system resources. Furthermore, the architecture supports the concept of design reuse by enabling simple modular expansion as a means of increasing resources. The resulting layout area is 8.29 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.18-/spl mu/m 1-poly 6-metal CMOS process and consists of 320000 equivalent gates. The core consumes a total of 4.032 mW in a typical load scenario including full demodulation of two RAKE fingers and simultaneous searching for new multipath.
Synthesis of dopamine transporter selective 3-diarylmethoxymethyl-8-arylalkyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives.

Abstract A series of diarylmethoxymethyltropane-GBR hybrid analogues with all three possible stereochemical orientations at C3 were synthesized and evaluated at dopamine and serotonin transporters. The 3α derivatives were found to be the most potent compounds with the 3α-di(4-fluorophenyl)methoxymethyl-8-(3-phenylpropyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 15b ( K i = 5 nM) being the most potent compound of the series. The corresponding 3-di(4-fluorophenyl)-methoxymethyl-8-(3-phenylpropyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene 12b ( K i = 12 nM) was slightly less potent than the 3α-analogue, while the 3β-di(4-fluorophenyl)methoxymethyl-8-(3-phenylpropyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 23b ( K i = 78 nM) exhibited only modest affinity for the dopamine transporter. Only the 3α-analogue 15b (SERT/DAT = 48) exhibited higher SERT/DAT selectivity than GBR 12909. These results indicate that the dopamine transporter can tolerate some variability in proximity of the benzhydryl ether to the basic nitrogen atom of the tropane without loss in potency. In addition, the structure–activity data for these tropane-GBR 12909 hybrid analogues support previous findings that the stereochemical and conformational effects imparted by unsaturation at C3 are important for dopamine transporter selectivity over the serotonin transporter.
Comment on ab initio ground state potential energy surfaces for anions of polar molecules

Abstract A new and simple proof is given of the theorem that ab initio Born—Oppenheimer energy calculations for any polar molecule having an electric dipole moment μ > 1.625 debye must yield a positive electron affinity.
THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS

Assimilating disadvantaged workers in labor markets has been the focus of national policy initiatives for at least two decades. In recent years, public policies have been formulated which will not only provide incentives for the private sector to employ the disadvantaged, but also afford the private sector a larger responsibility in formulating and implementing targeted employment programs. The Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) and Target Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC) are two major examples. This paper initially reviews the public and private employment and training efforts between 1962 and 1982. Considerable attention is given to summarizing and evaluating the performance of these efforts, especially in light of recent program initiatives by the Reagan Administration.
Electrophysiologic consequences of experimental acute ischemia superimposed on healed myocardial infarction in cats.

Abstract Electrophysiologic studies were carried out in 61 cats studied 2 to 4 months after healing of experimental myocardial infarction, 38 cats studied 90 to 120 minutes after an acute myocardial infarction, and 24 cats in which acute myocardial infarction was superimposed on a 2 to 4 month old healed myocardial infarction (AMI/HMI). The frequency and grade of spontaneous arrhythmias, and the ability to induce sustained ventricular activity in tissue bath, were similar in the cats with acute and those with healed myocardial infarction, but greater in those with acute infarction superimposed on healed infarction. Spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 42 percent of the cats with acute infarction, in 31 percent of those with healed infarction, and 62 percent of those with acute infarction superimposed on healed infarction. Similarly, sustained ventricular activity initiated by premature stimuli in tissue bath was achieved in 67 percent of the isolated hearts with acute infarction superimposed on healed infarction compared with 34 percent of the hearts with acute and 33 percent of those with healed infarction. The correlation between spontaneous arrhythmias and inducibility of sustained ventricular activity in tissue bath was significant in all three groups, but attained the highest level of significance in the hearts with healed infarction and those with healed and superimposed infarction. The duration of transmembrane action potentials at 90 percent repolarization (APD 90 ), recorded from surviving cells overlying an acute infarct, was shorter than that of those recorded from normal cells in the same heart. In contrast, APD 90 values recorded from surviving cells overlying areas of healed infarction were longer than APD 90 values of normal cells. Refractory periods tended to parallel action potential durations, particularly in hearts with healed or healed with superimposed acute infarction. The greatest degree of dispersion of action potential duration and refractory periods was observed in the latter hearts, which also had the greatest incidence of spontaneous arrhythmias and of inducibility of sustained ventricular activity in tissue bath. It is concluded that healing of surviving cells after myocardial infarction leaves in its wake long-term electrophysiologic cell abnormalities. These may interact with a new acute ischemic event to cause greater electrophysiologic instability than observed with acute infarction in the absence of previously injured tissue.
Routine neurological examination of the newborn

With an ultrasound machine available in most neonatal intensive care units, it may be considered no longer necessary to perform a neurological examination of the newborn, a procedure which has often in the past been regarded as difficult and unreliable. However, it was recently shown by Prechtl that pure observation of the movement pattern of a premature infant, may yield important information. Together with Cioni’ he reported how they made video recordings of spontaneous movements of premature infants in an incubator for an hour. When replaying the tape, the gross movements involving the whole body were noted to have a gradual onset and end with waxing and waning in intensity, force and speed in the normal infants, while infants with severe brain lesions showed disorganisation of general movements, with a sudden onset, a stereotyped appearance lacking variability, elegance and fluency. They concluded that this qualitative assessment of motor activity has a high predictive value for subsequent neurodevelopment and stressed the value of pure observation. A more commonly used neurological assessment of premature infants was devised by Dubowitz and Dubowitz.’ This proforma enables us to study premature infants sequentially, thus recording the changes in tone and movement, primitive reflexes, hearing and vision, response to handling and stimulation from birth up till 40 weeks postmenstrual age. This easy examination can be used by junior doctors who do not have any expertise in neonatal neurological assessment. The best way to get experience in examining a newborn infant, is by going to the maternity ward and examine some normal full term infants. Do not start examining preterm infants without this experi-
The Comprehensibility Theorem and the Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Problem-solving software that is not-necessarily infallible is central to AI. Such software whose correctness and incorrectness properties are deducible by agents is an issue at the foundations of AI. The Comprehensibility Theorem, which appeared in a journal for specialists in formal mathematical logic, might provide a limitation concerning this issue and might be applicable to any agents, regardless of whether the agents are artificial or natural. The present article, aimed at researchers interested in the foundations of AI, addresses many questions related to that theorem, including differences between it and results of Godel and Turing that have sometimes played key roles in Minds and Machines articles. This study also suggests that--if one is willing to assume a thesis due to Donald Knuth--the Comprehensibility Theorem is the first mathematical theorem implying the impossibility of any AI agent or natural agent--including a not-necessarily infallible human agent--satisfying a rigorous and deductive interpretation of the self-comprehensibility challenge. Some have pointed out the difficulty of self-comprehensibility, even according to presumably a less rigorous interpretation. This includes Socrates, who considered it to be among the most important of intellectual tasks. Self-comprehensibility in some form might be essential for a kind of self-reflection useful for self-improvement that might enable some agents to increase their success. We use the methods of applied mathematics, rather than philosophy, although some topics considered could be of interest to philosophers.
Study of Unsteady Flows with Concave Wall Effect

This paper presents computational fluid dynamic studies of the inlet turbulence and wall curvature effects on the flow steadiness at near wall surface locations in boundary layer flows. The time-stepping RANS numerical solver of the NASA Glenn-HT RANS code and a one-equation turbulence model, with a uniform inlet turbulence modeling level of the order of 10 percent of molecular viscosity, were used to perform the numerical computations. The approach was first calibrated for its predictabilities of friction factor, velocity, and temperature at near surface locations within a transitional boundary layer over concave wall. The approach was then used to predict the velocity and friction factor variations in a boundary layer recovering from concave curvature. As time iteration proceeded in the computations, the computed friction factors converged to their values from existing experiments. The computed friction factors, velocity, and static temperatures at near wall surface locations oscillated periodically in terms of time iteration steps and physical locations along the span-wise direction. At the upstream stations, the relationship among the normal and tangential velocities showed vortices effects on the velocity variations. Coherent vortices effect on the velocity components broke down at downstream stations. The computations also predicted the vortices effects on the velocity variations within a boundary layer flow developed along a concave wall surface with a downstream recovery flat wall surface. It was concluded that the computational approach might have the potential to analyze the flow steadiness in a turbine blade flow.
All-CSS processing of CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells with thin CdS layers

Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride (CdS/CdTe) thin-film solar cells were fabricated by an in-line, close-space-sublimation (CSS) process at Colorado State University. Source temperature control was used to reduce the deposited CdS thickness. Quantum efficiency (QE) showed CdS thicknesses that varied over a range from 250 to 10 nm. Current-Voltage (J-V) measurements showed increased J sc as CdS was thinned. Thin CdS resulted in reduced voltage (800 mV to 350 mV) and fill factor, which offset gains in current, and caused efficiencies to drop from 12.6% for thick CdS layers to 4.5% for devices with the thinnest CdS. These performance trends are consistent with calculations assuming parallel junctions of CdS/CdTe and SnO 2 /CdTe. Localized weak-junction formation was characterized by high-resolution laser-beam-induced current (LBIC) mapping. Greater incidence of spatial non-uniformities in photocurrent response accompanied thinning of the CdS layer, with 638-nm spectral response varying spatially by 4.5% for thin CdS devices compared to variations less than 1% for devices with thicker CdS. Non-uniformities of cells with thin CdS are highly sensitive to voltage bias and are likely indicative of parallel p-n and Schottky-type junctions.
Congenital brain cysts in infancy: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up

Eleven cases of congenital brain cysts—two encephaloclastic intracerebral, five noncommunicating pia-arachnoid, and four either communicating pia-arachnoid or intracranial meningoencephalocele congenital type cysts—were diagnosed in infancy based on suspicious cephalomegaly, skull asymmetry, and abnormal transillumination. Complete diagnosis differentiated primary congenital cysts from trauma and infection, both of which complicate congenital cysts as well as being etiologic for brain cyst formation. Early diagnosis coupled with surgical exploration and cerebrospinal fluid shunting have allowed seven to live in a functional, socially acceptable way to the age of 11/2 to 121/2 years. Two of the remaining four are now dead, and two are severely retarded. Retardation was due to congenital malformation and a shunt obstruction. Death resulted from infectious epiglottis and cardiac arrest during cystostomy.
Transjugular percutaneous inoue balloon mitral commissurotomy in a patient with inferior vena cava obstruction after liver transplantation.

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy was performed successfully via the transjugular approach in a patient with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis and obstruction of the inferior vena cava due to prior liver transplantation. This case demonstrates the advantage of the jugular approach in patients with difficult anatomy.
Trading rule profits in european currency spot cross-rates

Abstract The moving average (MA) trading rule is applied to six European spot cross-rates — JY/BP, DM/BP, JY/DM, SF/DM, SF/BP, and JY/SF — to see if opportunities for profitable trading exist. The results suggest that MA trading rules are marginally profitable only for the JY/DM and the JY/SF cross-rates, while trading rules are not profitable for the other four cross-rates. Bootstrapping and out-of-sample tests provide similar results. Examination of subsamples characterized by central bank intervention do not produce different results. Computation of Box-Pierce statistics adjusted for heteroscedasticity show that daily returns for all six cross-rates are serially uncorrelated. Overall, the results suggests that cross-rates are sufficiently transparent to eliminate MA trading rule profit.
Liposomes as a topical drug delivery system

Abstract In the past decade, liposomal formulations have been extensively employed to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery via several routes of administration. In a number of instances, liposomal drug formulations have been shown to be markedly superior to conventional dosage forms, especially for intravenous and topical modes of administration of drugs. The major advantages of topical liposomal drug formulations accrue from their demonstrated ability: (i) to reduce serious side effects and incompatibilities that may arise from undesirably high systemic absorption of drug; (ii) to enhance significantly the accumulation of drug at the site of administration as a result of the high substantivity of liposomes with biological membranes; and (iii) to readily incorporate a wide variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Liposomes are also non-toxic, biodegradable and are readily prepared on a large scale. This paper presents a review of topically applied liposomal formulations with emphasis on the evaluation of liposomal systems in a wide variety of animal models and human skin using both in-vivo and in-vitro techniques. The mechanism by which liposomes facilitate deposition of drugs into the skin and potential applications of topically applied liposomes are discussed.
Hole capture at acceptors in p -type germanium

Hole capture data obtained by capacitance transient spectroscopy on eleven different acceptors in high-purity germanium are presented over the temperature range 8–160 K. Capture invariably proceeded faster than predicted by the cascade theory and did not follow theZ3T−3 dependence predicted by cascade theory, whereZ is the acceptor charge andT is the temperature. Instead it was found that capture followed the phenomenological relationship $$\frac{{N_\upsilon }}{{gp\tau _c }} = kT/h\{ \eta exp (---E_a /kT) \} $$ whereNυ is the effective density of states at the valence band edge,g is the degeneracy of the ground state (four),p is the hole concentration,τc is the mean capture time for the acceptor,k is Boltzman’s constant, andh is Planck’s constant.η is a dimensionless efficiency factor and exp (—Eα/kT) is an activation term required to fit the data of some centers. The authors propose that transitions to the electronic ground state from band states or from bound excited states must be faster than previously considered.
Detecting controversy on the web

A useful feature to facilitate critical literacy would alert users when they are reading a controversial web page. This requires solving a binary classification problem: does a given web page discuss a controversial topic? We explore the feasibility of solving the problem by treating it as supervised k-nearest-neighbor classification. Our approach (1) maps a webpage to a set of neighboring Wikipedia articles which were labeled on a controversiality metric; (2) coalesces those labels into an estimate of the webpage's controversiality; and finally (3) converts the estimate to a binary value using a threshold. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by validating it on a set of webpages drawn from seed queries. We show absolute gains of 22% in F_0.5 on our test set over a sentiment-based approach, highlighting that detecting controversy is more complex than simply detecting opinions.
Regional, Very Heavy Daily Precipitation in CMIP5 Simulations

AbstractThe authors analyze the ability of global climate models (GCMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel ensemble to simulate very heavy daily precipitation and its supporting processes, comparing them with observations. Their analysis focuses on an upper Mississippi region for winter (December–February), when it is assumed that resolved synoptic circulation governs precipitation. CMIP5 GCMs generally reproduce well the precipitation versus intensity spectrum seen in observations to intensities as strong as 20 mm day−1. Most models do not produce the highest precipitation intensities seen in observations. Models show good agreement at the 95th percentile, while the coarsest resolution models generally show lower precipitation at high-intensity thresholds, such as the 99.5th percentile. There is no dominant month for simulated very heavy events to occur, although observed very heavy events occur most frequently in December. Further analysis focuses on precipitati...
Effects of storage environment and duration on impermeable seed coat in soybean

Abstract Seed of commercially grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars have a highly permeable, or normal, seed coat (NSC) that allows them to imbibe water rapidly, sprout, and emerge uniformly when sown. The quality of such seed may decline, however, if they experience high temperature and humidity in the field before harvest or during storage. A possible solution is to use cultivars having an impermeable seed coat (ISC) characteristic. A study was conducted at Stoneville, Mississippi, using field-grown seed of Forrest and Sharkey (NSC cultivars) and D86-4565 and D87-4647 (ISC lines) to evaluate the effect of storage environment and duration on impermeability and germination. Storage environments were: (1) a ventilated shed subject to prevailing temperature and humidity; (2) a cold room having a constant temperature of 10°C; (3) an indoor laboratory with temperatures ranging from 21 to 27°C; and (4) a standard freezer with a constant temperature of −2°C. Germination and impermeability measurements were made at 1.5, 8, 15, and 20 months after harvest. Impermeability of seed of the ISC lines did not change significantly and germination of unscarified seed of all cultivars and lines was not appreciably affected by storage in the latter three environments. After storage in the shed, germination of Forrest and Sharkey declined from 96 to 12% and from 93 to 21% after 20 months, respectively, while germination of seed of the ISC lines that had been stored in the shed and then scarified had only declined from 96 to 78% (D87-4647) and from 98 to 75% (D86-4565). These results are evidence that the ISC character can maintain viability of soybean seed during long periods of storage under natural conditions of temperature and humidity.
Ion Implantation Damage in Silicate Glasses

Ion implantation is a rapid technique for simulating damage induced by α-recoil nuclei in nuclear waste forms. The simulation has been found to be quite good in TEM comparisons with natural α-decay damage in minerals, but leach rate differences have been observed in glass studies and were attributed to dose-rate differences. The similarities between ion implantation and recoil nuclei as a means of producing damage suggest that insights into the long-term behavior of glass waste forms can be obtained by examination of what is known about ion-implantation damage in silicate glasses. This paper briefly reviews these effects and shows that leaching results in certain nuclear waste glasses can be understood as resulting from plastic flow and track overlap. Phase separation is also seen to be a possible consequence of damage-induced compositional changes.
Maintenance of glucokinase activity in primary hepatocyte cultures.

When primary cultures of hepatocytes are maintained for 2 weeks from the time of perfusion, the activity of the enzyme glucokinase decreases rapidly, so that the activity can no longer be detected after the fourth day in culture. Concomitantly, there occurs an increase in the activity of hexokinases, the low-KM isozymes, which predominate in fetal liver. We have made several modifications of the culture medium in an attempt to prevent the decrease in glucokinase activity. When the medium was supplemented with a mixture of insulin, thyroxine, glucagon, dexamethasone, testosterone, and estradiol, the activity of the enzyme in the hepatocytes was present at approximately 15% of in vivo levels after 2 weeks in culture. When this hormone mixture was present during the first 4 hrs of culture and when the hepatocytes were allowed to attach to the collagen support and were maintained thereafter in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, insulin, and dexamethasone, the activity of glucokinase increased after an initial decrease for 3 days and was maintained thereafter at levels comparable to those observed in vivo. This effect of the hormone mixture was found to be the result of the presence of glucagon in the mixture, since the presence of glucagon with no other hormones added, except insulin, during the attachment period produced the same pattern of increased glucokinase activity. Immunoprecipitation of glucokinase from the hepatocytes, using monospecific antibody, indicated that the increase in enzyme activity was the result of increased glucokinase enzyme protein and not an increased synthesis of the other hexokinase isozymes. These studies demonstrate the specific hormonal requirements for the maintenance of glucokinase levels in primary hepatocyte culture at those seen in vivo and lends support to the hypothesis that fetal gene expression in primary hepatocyte cultures is selectively regulated rather than being a general effect with a common regulatory mechanism.
The Klein paradox and superradiance

Abstract The classic Klein paradox, particle creation due to the presence of very strong electromagnetic potentials, is reconsidered. Vacuum expectation values of the current and momentum operators are calculated for both massive spin zero and massive spin one-half fields. These new results, used as a measure of the number of particles produced, are compared with the results of others for the vacuum expectation value of the number operator. The relationship between superradiance and pair creation is explained and common conceptual errors are pointed out.
The surgeon as gatekeeper

The author pays tribute to three deceased members of the North Pacific Surgical Association who directed his own career. The gatekeeper function of surgical specialists is discussed, and surgeons are urged to become more active in this role. Increased involvement in managed care planning and cost control, particularly in smaller communities, is encouraged.
Bioreactors for H2 production by purple nonsulfur bacteria.

Two types of laboratory-scale bioreactors were designed for H2 production by purple nonsulfur bacteria. The bioreactors employed a unique type of hydrogenase activity found in some photosynthetic bacteria that functions in darkness to shift CO (and H2O) into H2 (and CO2). The mass transport of gaseous CO into an aqueous bacterial suspension was the rate-limiting step and the main challenge for bioreactor design. Hollow-fiber and bubble-train bioreactors employing immobilized and free-living bacteria have proven effective for enhancing the mass transfer of CO. The hollow-fiber bioreactor was designed so that both a growth medium and CO (10% in N2) passed from the inside of the fibers to the outside within the bioreactor. Bacteria were immobilized on the outer surface of the hollow fibers. Hydrogen production from CO at an average rate of 125 ml g cdw−1 h−1 (maximum rate of 700 ml g cdw−1 h−1) was observed for more than 8 months. The bubble-train bioreactor was built using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing, wound helically on a vertical cylindrical supporting structure. Small bubbles containing CO were injected continuously through a needle/septum connection from the gas reservoir (20% CO). Up to 140 ml g cdw−1 h−1 of H2 production activity was observed using this bioreactor for more than 10 days.
A lower closure theorem for abstract control problems withLp-bounded controls

A lower closure theorem for an abstract control problem is proved. The functional isJ(ϕ,u)=∝ G f 0(t, (Mϕ)(t),u(t))dt and the state equations areNϕ(t)=f(t, (Mϕ)(t),u(t)). It is shown that, if {(ϕ k ,u k)} is a sequence of admissible controlsu k and corre-sponding trajectories ϕ k such that lim infJ(ϕ k ,u k)<+∞ and such that ϕ k → ϕ weakly,Mϕ k →Mϕ strongly,Nϕ k →Nϕ weakly, and {u k} is bounded in someL p norm, then there is a controlu such that (ϕ,u) is admissible and lim infJ(ϕ k ,u k)≧J(ϕ,u).
Kairoscope: managing time perception and scheduling through social event coordination

If everyone says time is relative, why is it still so rigidly defined? There have been many attempts to address the issue of coordinating schedules, but each of these attempts runs into an issue of rigidity: in order to negotiate an event, a specific time must be designated in advance. This model is inherently poor at accommodating life's unpredictability. Kairoscope looks at time from a human perspective, focusing on time as made up of a series of events, rather than simply a series of events in time. By removing our reliance on a fixed time system, events are coordinated socially and on the fly, without worrying about precision. This paper explores the creation of Kairoscope, rooted in ideas of time perception and aiming to reduce time-related stress, optimize time usage, and increase social interaction. The result is a socially-coordinated, constantly adapting, and highly malleable guide through time.
The effect of topic variation in performance testing: the case of the chemistry TEACH test for international teaching assistants

Topic is believed to be an important test-method characteristic in many types of language tests. Some test developers choose neutral test topics in order to nullify the effect of background knowledge. Yet there is a need to determine how well prospective international teaching assistants can communicate within their own field. Recent studies have compared test results between general and field-specific oral English tests. Yet field-specific performance tests for international teaching assistants often provide different topics within the same field for each examinee, assuming equivalency between topics. The comparison of general topics versus field-specific topics is unable to capture the full effect of topic. This study reports research into topic features and the effect topic variation has on a performance test, the chemistry TEACH test, designed for intrnational teaching assistants. Results suggest a relationship between topic of input (as defined by the topic features of concepts, math and calculations...
Leucocyte locomotion and its inhibition by antimitotic drugs.

Abstract Cinemicrographic methods have been developed for recording and quantitating the locomotory behavior of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro. The effects of intercellular contact and exposure to several metabolic inhibitors have been studied by these methods, which allow the determination of actual average speed over time. Colchicine and vinblastine were found not to inhibit locomotion significantly except at concentrations much higher than those required to prevent mitosis in fibroblasts. Very high concentrations of these drugs produced morphological changes and a gradual slowing of cell locomotion, both these effects being reversed only gradually after removal of the drug from the medium. Cytochalasin B was found to produce a rapid diminution in leucocyte speed when applied at the same concentrations required to prevent fibroblast locomotion. This effect was rapidly reversible. Ouabain was found to have little or no effect on motility.
Association of resistance to bile salts and virulence in Salmonella typhimurium strains.

Summary and ConclusionsA strain of Salmonella typhimurium, RIA, unable to grow-in the presence of high concentrations of bile salts was less virulent for mice than 3 mutants which were not inhibited under the same conditions. Two of these were isolated on inhibitory medium, the third independently from a mouse which died following infection with avirulent strain RIA. A sensitive reversion from one of the resistant mutants exhibited a virulence pattern similar to that of the sensitive parent strain. Resistant bacteria produced greater damage to internal organs and were able to persist for longer periods of time in host animals although the incidence of fatal infection was only somewhat higher than in mice infected with bile sensitive organisms. Limited studies comparing bile sensitive and resistant strains of Salmonella paratyphi B yielded similar but less striking results(7). These observations indicated that salmonellae able to withstand the effect of bile salts were also better able to establish chronic...
Powers of ten thousand: navigating in large information spaces

How would you interactively browse a very large display space, for example, a street map of the entire United States? The traditional solution is zoom and pan. But each time a zoom-in operation takes place, the context from which it came is visually lost. Sequential applications of the zoom-in and zoom-out operations may become tedious. This paper proposes an alternative technique, the macroscope, based on zooming and planning in multiple translucent layers. A macroscope display should comfortably permit browsing continuously on a single image, or set of images in multiple resolutions, on a scale of at least 1 to 10,000.
Probability density function of fluctuating intensity of a laser beam propagating in marine atmospheric turbulence

We report on the analysis of experimental data collected at the United States Naval Academy in the Summer and Fall of 2010. A low-power red He-Ne laser source was used to generate a Gaussian beam. The beam was directed horizontally above the ground and over the water for 400 m during daytime. The transverse cross-section of the beam was projected on a white screen and imaged using a ccd camera. The histogram of the fluctuating intensity at the center of the beam was obtained from the sequence of photographs. Comparison was made of the histogram and probability density functions of fluctuating intensity based on two existing analytic models, Gamma-Gamma and Gamma-Laguerre. Also the comparison of the beam statistics above the ground and over the water was performed.
Parent and peer evaluations of the social competence of children with mild asthma

Abstract The social competence of children with asthma has been studied primarily using self- and parent reports; peer evaluations rarely have been used. This research examined parent and peer reports of the social competence of 22 children (ages 6 to 12) with mild asthma compared to a group of children without asthma. Young children with asthma (Grades 1–3) had lower social competence based on parent reports using the Achenbach and Edelbrock Social Competence Scale, and had fewer close friends based on both parent and peer reports compared to 1. a) older children with asthma (Grades 4–6) and to 2. b) children without asthma (Grades 1–6). Children with asthma did not differ from children without asthma on peer measures of popularity or social acceptability. Although parents and peers both perceived reduced social competence of young children with asthma (as measured by number of friends), parents considerably underestimated their child's social competence, as indicated by measures of peer standing. That is, young children with asthma were as popular and as socially acceptable as their classmates without asthma. The present study highlights the importance of considering both parent and peer reports of social competence of children with asthma, as well as developmental differences.
Insulin and glucagon immunoreactivity during high-intensity exercise under opiate blockade.

Eight fit men [maximum oxygen consumption (\(\)O2max) 64.6 (1.9) ml · kg−1 · min−1, aged 28.3 (1.7) years (SE in parentheses) were studied during two treadmill exercise trials to determine the effect of endogenous opioids on insulin and glucagon immunoreactivity during intense exercise (80% \(\)O2max). A double-blind experimental design was used with subjects undertaking the two exercise trials in counterbalanced order. Exercise trials were 20 min in duration and were conducted 7 days apart. One exercise trial was undertaken following administration of naloxone (N; 1.2 mg; 3 ml) and the other after receiving a placebo (P; 0.9% NaCl saline; 3 ml). Prior to each experimental trial a flexible catheter was placed into an antecubital vein and baseline blood samples were collected. Immediately after, each subject received either a N or P bolus injection. Blood samples were also collected after 20 min of continuous exercise (running). Glucagon was higher (P < 0.05), while insulin was lower (P < 0.05), during exercise compared with pre-exercise values in both trials. However, glucagon was higher (P < 0.05) in the P than in the N exercise trial [141.4 (8.3) ng · l−1 vs 127.2 (7.6) ng · l−1]. There were no differences in insulin during exercise between the P and N trials [50.2 (4.3) pmol · l−1 vs 43.8 (5) pmol · l−1]. These data suggest that endogenous opioids may augment the glucagon response during intense exercise.
Enhanced caspase activity during ethanol-induced apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule cells.

The effects of ethanol on cerebellar granule cell death were examined in cultures maintained for either 5 days in vitro (immature) or 8 and 12 days in vitro (mature). Ethanol did not alter cell survival under the usual growth conditions (i.e., 10% serum and 25 mM KCl). However, in mature cultures ethanol enhanced apoptosis induced by either serum withdrawal or incubation in non-depolarizing media. In immature cultures, serum deprivation, but not non-depolarizing media, resulted in granule cell death that was enhanced by ethanol. Serum removal increased both cleavage of the caspase-specific substrate N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7 amino-4-methylcoumarin (Ac-DEVD-amc) and the amount of active caspase-3. Inclusion of ethanol during the serum deprivation augmented Ac-DEVD-amc cleavage without further increasing the amount of active caspase-3. This study demonstrates that when neurotrophic factors are limiting, ethanol is toxic to cerebellar granule cells regardless of maturation status. The ability of ethanol to promote apoptosis involves an increase in caspase activity, but this does not entail an increase in the proteolytic activation of caspase-3.
Effects of a circulating-water garment and forced-air warming on body heat content and core temperature.

Background:Forced-air warming is sometimes unable to maintain perioperative normothermia. Therefore, the authors compared heat transfer, regional heat distribution, and core rewarming of forced-air warming with a novel circulating-water garment.Methods:Nine volunteers were each evaluated on two rand
Current practice patterns in the treatment of perforated appendicitis in children.

Abstract Background The treatment of perforated appendicitis in children often involves a combination of surgical and medical therapy. The aim of this study was to document the degree of consensus in the current management of perforated appendicitis in children. Study design A survey was sent to all practicing pediatric surgeons in North America in April 2000 who were members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association for 1999–2000. Survey questions pertained to preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative practice patterns, particularly those issues related to use of antibiotic therapy. Results Among eligible surgeons, 80.2% completed the survey. Although more than 80% of respondents practiced in an academic setting, only 17% of surgeons used a formal clinical practice guideline to direct care. Responses varied substantially in the duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy, the use of intravenous or oral agents or both, and the duration of hospitalization. A considerable number of patients are receiving a portion of their intravenous antibiotic therapy as outpatients. Conclusions There is little apparent consensus in the many aspects of perioperative and postoperative care of perforated appendicitis in children across North America. Only a fraction of surgeons currently uses a formal clinical practice guideline for treatment of perforated appendicitis, although increased pressures to develop more cost-effective therapeutic strategies can encourage development of additional guidelines. Definitive evidence to inform development of such guidelines and enhance consensus is lacking. Further studies are needed across institutions to better inform clinical decisions in light of a changing practice environment and treatment alternatives.
On a canonical form of a 3×3 Hermitian matrix over the ring of integral split octonions

Abstract We show that a 3×3 Hermitian matrix over the ring of integral split octonions has a unique canonical diagonal form under the action of the group E 6,6 ( Z ) . This confirms the conjecture of J. Maldacena, G. Moore, and A. Strominger [hep-th/9903163] on a standard form of a charge vector.
Plaque assay ofHeliothis zea baculovirus employing a mixed agarose overlay

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus ofHeliothis zea has been titrated inHeliothis zea cells by the plaque method, using 1 percent mixed agarose containing a mixture of Seakem and Ultra pure agarose. Visible plaques, formed 8 days postinfection, ranged in diameter from 0.5 to 2 mm. Dose-response experiments indicated that a single particle initiated the formation of a plaque. The titration ofHeliothis zea baculovirus by the newly described plaque method provides an accurate technique for the determination of virus concentration.
The mumechanical mechanisms of cleavage fracture in martensitic stainless steels

Abstract Coupled measurements of tensile and blunt and sharp notch fracture properties were made on a prototypical heat of HT-9, which is a 12% Cr martensitic stainless steel. Based on these data, it was found that cleavage fracture is controlled by a critical stress-critical distance criteria. The mucleavage fracture stress is 2400 MPa, consistent with the observed martensite lath packet size; and the critical distance is ~ 55 μm which is consistent with observed prior austenite grain size.
Studies on the formation of D-arabitol by osmophilic yeasts.

The formation of D-arabitol by a strain of osmophilic yeast has been studied. Both D-ribulose and D-xylulose were good substrates for the respiration of yeast, but D-xylulose was a better growth su...
Effects of Computer-Based Test Administrations on Test Anxiety and Performance

Abstract This study examined the degree to which computer and test anxiety had a predictive role in performance across three computer-administered placement tests (math, reading, written English). Subjects (72 college undergraduates at a Midwestern university) were measured with the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale, the Test Anxiety Inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the three achievement areas. Age and gender were added to the prediction model for completeness. Results showed that age and test anxiety were significant predictors for math performance, with lower values on the two variables associated with better performance. When reading was the outcome variable, age and computer anxiety were statistically significant performance predictors, with older readers faring better and less anxious individuals achieving higher scores. No predictors were statistically significant for the written English essay. The hypothesis that “thinkers” and “intuitives” on the MBTI would have lower anxiety scores was only partially confirmed. Thinkers had lower anxiety scores than “feelers,” but there was no difference on the intuitive-sensor dimension. The results suggest that much of what is considered computer anxiety may in fact be a manifestation of test anxiety. It is possible that, by giving examinees more perceived control, anxiety levels can be reduced.
Tracking three-dimensional magnetization trajectories by the radiation damping feedback field for differential spin control

In solution magnetic resonance (MR), manipulating the spin system in real time is difficult to implement in part due to the challenge of measuring the longitudinal magnetization within the constraints of MR detection hardware. Here we exploit the dynamical frequency shift induced by the radiation damping feedback field to estimate the longitudinal magnetization of individual spin species in one-, two-, and three-component spin systems. The calculated longitudinal magnetization is found to be in excellent agreement with that measured through independent experiments. Targeting the goal of differential spin control, extensions of this approach to real-time tracking of magnetization trajectories are discussed.
An investigation of the bearing strength of three aluminum alloys

Recent studies examining the ultimate load carrying capacity of bolted joints have demonstrated the conservative nature of bearing strength provisions within the 1994 Aluminum Design Manual (ADM). In this research paper, the bearing capacity and hole deformation characteristics of three widely used aluminum alloys are examined. The contribution of sheet confinement and bolt pre-load to bearing strength is elaborated and the recommendation for design rules is highlighted.
Calculation of grounding resistance

Abstract This paper introduces an algorithm for the calculation of grounding resistance based on the boundary element method (or current simulation method). A series of computer results for different kinds of grounding systems is presented. On the basis of the computer results, an evaluation is made of commonly used formulas for grounding resistance and an expression is given whereby tower grounding systems can be designed.
THE IMPACT OF ACCEPTOR DOPANT MAGNESIUM AND OXYGEN VACANCY DEFECTS ON THE LATTICE OF BARIUM STRONTIUM TITANATE

ABSTRACT The effects of defects on the local and long range lattice parameters of barium strontium titanate were examined with ab-initio, density function theory (DFT) models, and the theoretical results were experimentally verified. Magnesium was examined as a B-site acceptor dopant in conjunction with oxygen vacancy defects. DFT results indicated that the lattice length between nearest titanium atoms would contract when magnesium was introduced onto the titanium site; however, the long-range titanium-titanium length would expand, resulting in an average lattice expansion for low magnesium dopant concentrations. Oxygen vacancies caused an expansion of the local lattice constant, the degree of which was influenced by the local strontium to barium ratio. The experimental results verified the generally observed theoretical trends.
Immunotherapy of murine leukemia. I. Protection against Friend leukemia virus-induced disease by passive serum therapy.

Passive serum therapy with chimpanzee anti-serum raised against Friend leukemia virus (FLV) or the major viral envelope glycoprotein of FLV, gp71, has been shown to be effective in protecting mice against the development of virus-induced disease. The heterologous serum was administered in four doses beginning 3 days after virus inoculation and the mice were followed for the development of splenomegaly, virus level, and the induction of a host anti-viral immune response. The latter was measured by an in vitro humoral cytotoxicity assay using FLV-releasing mouse cells as targets, as well as by direct radioimmunoassay for the presence of mouse antibodies capable of binding FLV gp71. The results indicate a close correlation between the development of anti-viral humoral immunity and protection against splenomegaly, with both of these parameters being inversely related to serum and spleen infectious virus titers. Recognition of and response to the administered heterologous immunoglobulin in by the recipient animal does not appear to represent an integral part of the mechanism leading to protection, as determined by the absence of mouse antibodies capable of binding chimpanzee γ-globulin, as well as by the equal efficacy of the passive serum transfer protocol in mice after induction of tolerance to chimpanzee γ-globulin. It is suggested that passive serum therapy protection may function via a mechanism involving the reduction of the virus burden below a level which is immunosuppressive, allowing the development of a host anti-viral immune response which is necessary for elimination of virus and/or infected cells leading to long-term resistance.