cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are long‐term bond yields excessively volatile?

There is a debate on the excess volatility of long‐term bond yields. It is found that whether long‐term bond yields are excessively volatile or excessively smooth depends critically on the knowledge of the long‐run properties of the short‐term interest rate process. Uses a span of 200 years of data on interest rates and finds that the short rates from the USA and the UK are characterized by stationarity after the tests for unit root have accounted for structural breaks. Volatility tests reveal for the whole and sub‐sample periods that the long rates are excessively smooth.
American management reinvigorated by OR/MS information-based modeling

Abstract This paper describes the significant influence that Operations Research/Management Science has had on American management. Specific examples of this influence in three well-known United States corporations are discussed. The three corporations which were selected are Burger King Corporation, Citgo Petroleum Corporation and Ryder Systems. Implications concerning the general impact of OR/MS in US industry are also discussed.
Shock predictability and gastric secretion in the chronic gastric fistula rat

Abstract In Experiment 1 rats exposed to unpredictable grid shock demonstrated a significant decrease in gastric secretion and total acid output as compared to rats exposed to predictable shock and rats exposed only to the tone stimulus. In Experiment 2 rats were immobilized in restraint cages. Restraint plus predictable shock and restraint plus unpredictable shock resulted in a significant decrease in stomach acid output as compared to restrained no-shock controls. These results do not support a gastric hypersecretion hypothesis for studies which have reported the development of stomach ulcers by using unpredictable shock stress.
Evidence for a Gene Influencing Serum Bilirubin on Chromosome 2q Telomere: A Genomewide Scan in the Framingham Study

There is an inverse relationship between serum bilirubin concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease. The strength of the association is similar to that of smoking, systolic blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol. We carried out a genomewide scan in a Framingham Heart Study. Our study sample consisted of 330 families with 1,394 sibling pairs, 681 cousin pairs, and 89 avuncular pairs. Using variance-component methods, the heritability was estimated to be 49%±6%, and the genome scan demonstrated significant evidence of linkage of serum bilirubin to chromosome 2q, with a LOD score of 3.8 at location 243 cM. The peak multipoint LOD score is located 1 cM away from the uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 1 (UGT1A1) gene. UGT1A1 catalyzes the conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid and thus enhances bilirubin elimination; therefore, it is an important candidate gene for serum bilirubin. Gilbert syndrome, a hyperbilirubinemic syndrome, has a population frequency of 2%–19% and is mainly due to a TA insertion at the promoter region of UGT1A1. Only one other region in the genome produced a multipoint LOD score >1 (LOD = 1.3). Our findings suggest that UGT1A1 may be a major gene controlling serum bilirubin levels in the population.
Production of negative ions by dissociative electron attachment to SO2

Dissociative electron attachment cross section measurements for the production of O−, S−, and SO− have been performed utilizing a crossed target SO2 molecule beam–electron beam geometry. The relative flow technique is employed to determine the absolute values of cross sections. The attachment energies corresponding to various cross section maxima are: 4.30 and 7.1 eV for O−/SO2; 4.0, 7.5, and 8.9 eV for S−/SO2; and 4.7 and 7.5 eV for SO−/SO2.
Fermion mass relations from a superstring inspired model

It is assumed that theE8 gauge group of theE8×E8 heterotic superstring can be broken intoSO(10). A model to give the mass relationm u /m d =m c /m s =m t /m b is presented and Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing is discussed.
Inhibition of hKv2.1, a major human neuronal voltage-gated K+ channel, by meclofenamic acid.

Abstract Using the standard patch clamp whole cell recording method, we assessed the pharmacological activity of four fenamate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid and niflumic acid, on hKv2.1, a major human neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel stably expressed heterologously in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Meclofenamic acid inhibited hKv2.1 in a concentration-dependent manner whereas the other three fenamates had weaker or no effect on these channels at a concentration of 100 μM. The estimated IC50 of meclofenamic acid was 56.0 μM for hKv2.1 compared an IC50 of 155.9 μM for another human neuronal K channel (hKv1.1). Meclofenamic acid reached its maximum inhibition within 5 min of bath application and its effect was readily reversed upon wash. Kinetic analysis revealed that this drug did not alter the channel activation or deactivation time courses. Moreover, the effect of meclofenamic acid on hKv2.1 channels was not voltage-dependent. Indomethacin, another inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase that catalyses the synthesis of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid, had no effect on either hKv2.1 or hKv1.1. These results indicate that meclofenamic acid inhibits hKv2.1 more potently than hKv1.1 and it is likely that this compound acts directly on the channel proteins.
Clomiphene in the Evaluation of the Pituitary–Gonadal Axis in Acromegaly

The pituitary–gonadal axis was evaluated in 6 normal men, 2 men with pituitary chromophobe adenomas and hypogonadism, and 12 acromegalic male patients complaining of decreased libido. A single oral dose of clomiphene citrate, 100 mg/day, was given for 5 days to all the subjects. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in the basal state and for 7–10 days after starting clomiphene. Plasma levels of testosterone were determined in the basal state and on the sixth and seventh days after clomiphene was started. Normal subjects demonstrated a rise in gonadotropins and testosterone after clomiphene, with a mean maximum increase above basal values of 10.5 ± 2.7 mIU/ml for LH, 6.3 ± 0.9 mIU/ml for FSH, and 572 ± 116 ng/100 ml for testosterone. The 2 patients with pituitary chromophobe adenomas and hypogonadism had low basal values of LH, FSH, and testosterone, and did not respond to clomiphene. Ten of the 12 acromegalic patients showed significant gonadotrop...
Multi resolution touch panel with built-in fingerprint sensing support

In today's technology driven world, it is essential to build secure systems with low faulty behavior. Authentication is one of the primary means to gain access to secure systems. Users need to be authenticated in order to gain access to the services and sensitive information contained within the system. Due to the surge in the number of touch based smart devices, there arises a need for a compatible authentication system. Historically, fingerprints have served in its fullest capacity to establish the uniqueness of an individual's identity. It can be detected using capacitive sensing techniques. In this paper we present a novel unified device using transparent electronics for both fingerprint scan and multi-touch interaction. We discuss a high resolution transparent touch sensitive device and a read out circuit that drives the capacitive sensor array for touch interactions at low resolutions and for fingerprint sensing at higher resolutions. Using circuit simulation and custom Verilog-A model for transparent thin-film transistors, we verified that our design can sense fingerprints in 8.25 ms and detect touches in 0.6ms with an efficient power consumption of 1 mW. The results show that such a device can be realized and can serve as a very efficient means of user authentication. Furthermore, from the usability aspect, the proposed device is essential as it provides user transparent and non intrusive authentication.
Automated catheter detection in volumetric ultrasound

Ultrasound guided catheter insertion is a common procedure in current clinical practice, but it requires a skilled ultrasound practitioner to correctly acquire the images so that the catheter and tip are well visualized. Automated detection of the catheter location in ultrasound images can help in procedural guidance as well as surveillance of catheter position post placement, especially when the ultrasound imaging is being performed by a non-sonographer. Accurate and fast localization of the catheter is a very challenging task because of the poor observability of the catheter in ultrasound images. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for fast catheter detection in 3D ultrasound images. We begin by generating a catheter-likelihood map using a physical model of the catheter. For fast detection, we perform a greedy optimization, where the likelihood map is projected onto a single image plane using a variation on the maximum-intensity-projection approach. The highest likelihood curves on this plane then help us to determine the curved planes on which the catheter may be located. The potential catheter locations are then detected on these curved planes. We finally apply some post-processing to enable robust detection of the catheter. We illustrate the performance of our proposed method through quantitative comparisons with expert annotations as well as qualitative results on 26 images obtained from 7 subjects (of which 15 are with and 11 are without a catheter).
Intergroup dialogue: A critical-dialogic approach to learning about difference, inequality, and social justice

The authors describe and evaluate an approach to engaging students in exploring social identities, understanding inequality, and identifying avenues for individual and collective action for greater social justice.
The Governor and the Enslaved: An Archaeology of Colonial Modernity at Marshall’s Pen, Jamaica

The rise of modernity in Europe resulted in the redefinition of social relations between those in control of the apparatus of the state and economy on the one hand, and those who worked and lived within that apparatus on the other. This shift in the definition of the basic social unit from subject to individual citizen was fraught with tension, and resulted in vast changes in the lives of colonized people throughout the European sphere of control. The social and material manifestations of these historical processes were many; this article considers how phenomena associated with colonial modernity impacted the lives of people enslaved at Marshall’s Pen, a Jamaican coffee plantation, in the opening decades of the nineteenth century. To this end, this article examines the negotiation of the social and material realities of nineteenth-century colonialism through the spread of mass-produced goods mediated through the rise of consumerism visible through archaeologically recovered material culture, the imposition of age-grade, gendered, ethnic and racial categorizations as manifestations of a rationalized social order, the increased focus on the individual as a self-regulating member of a moralized social order, and shifting definitions of the relationships between space and social organization reflecting in changing settlement patterns of village life.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Early Embryonic Aortic Arch-Ligation

Congenital heart disease occurs in 8 out of every 1000 live births in the US and more than half of this population is associated with great artery lesions. Selective remodeling of the paired, bilaterally symmetric embryonic aortic arches (AA) is a crucial stage in vascular morphogenesis and has known association with biomechanical forces [1]. Fetal cardiac interventions are currently explored clinically as an alternative repair technique for congenital anomalies, in-utero [2]. Several computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have been performed focusing on subject specific embryonic cardiovascular anatomies [3–5]. These developments could benefit fetal interventions that are planned in-silico before execution. To demonstrate this possibility, we computed the hemodynamic variation and wall shear stress (WSS) patterns resulting from systematic in-silico AA ligation intervention performed on normal chick AA models viz. Hamburger Hamilton (HH) stage 18 and 24 (3 and 4 days, respectively). A unique methodology employing CFD-computed WSS for modeling short-term biological growth response on AA morphogenesis is also presented.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies as potential anti-cancer agents.

Abstract The EGF receptor is a potential target for antitumor therapy, because it is expressed at high levels on many human tumor cells and appears to be involved in autocrine stimulation of cell growth in a number of experimental studies. Anti-EGF receptor MAbs, which block ligand binding, can prevent the growth in culture of cells that are stimulated by EGF or TGF-α. Growth of human tumor xenografts bearing high levels of EGF receptors is also inhibited. A Phase I trial in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung has demonstrated the capacity of a single dose of 120 mg anti-EGF receptor MAb to localize in such tumors and to achieve saturating concentrations in the blood for more than 3 days, without causing toxicity.
Techniques to understand the changing needs of library users

This paper demonstrates a set of techniques development by the River Campus Libraries at the University of Rochester (USA) which have facilitated a tight alignment between the services, collections, facilities, and digital presence of the Libraries with the academic needs of the undergraduate students, graduate students and faculty at the University of Rochester. At the heart of what has come to be called the �Rochester method� is a belief that a greater understanding of the academic work practices of a university or college community can reveal unintentional misalignments between a library�s services and user needs, as well as overlooked opportunities for a library to provide new services. The focus and study of academic work practices has been achieved through the adoption and adaptation of methods from anthropological and ethnography, which are then applied to the study of segments of a university community. The process begins with the identification of a question, such as ��what does a student do between the time a research paper is assigned and the paper is complete?�� A suite of research methods are then developed to explore the question, such as in situ interview, photo elicitation exercises, design charettes, and academic diaries. The application of those study methods results in data in various forms including photographs, drawings, interview transcripts, and bluesky descriptions of ideal tools, spaces, and services. Diverse teams of staff from across the library study the data and develop findings. At this point in the cycle, those findings require an organizational response that results in real change which can vary from improved marketing, altered physical facilities, new services and web tools. The success at the University of Rochester has demonstrated that a greater understanding and appreciation of the academic needs of library users is not overly difficult nor costly to obtain. While the findings of the Rochester studies are unique to the unique community of the University of Rochester, the methods of study can and have been applied successfully to the study of library users on other campuses.
Analysis of Absorption Profiles of Autoionizing Lines

Scattering theory for parameterization of absorption cross sections and refractivity for autoionizing spectral lines
Fibrinogen and albumin synthesis during fetal development in mice

Abstract The hepatic synthesis of fibrinogen and albumin in mice during fetal development (12 to 20 days gestation) was determined. Fetal hepatic synthesis of fibrinogen matures relatively rapidly and reaches adult levels by the 16th day of gestation. In contrast, albumin production develops more slowly, attaining 80% of adult values immediately prior to birth at 20 days. Autoradiography of fetal hepatocytes cultured in agar established that, in the earliest obtainable hepatocytes (12 days gestation), all cells were producing fibrinogen but a fraction of hepatocytes (about 8%) were not yet producing albumin.
MISR multi-angular spectral remote sensing for temperate forest mapping at 1.1-km resolution

Accurate information about temperate forest distribution and extent is important to quantify the carbon sink in the northern temperate forest. While Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) multi-temporal spectral information has been extensively studied for this purpose, it has not been fully studied whether Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) information is helpful for temperate forest mapping at 1.1-km resolution. This Letter addresses the potential use of 1.1-km multi-angular MISR data to improve temperate forest mapping based on a study area in eastern USA. Classification accuracy using nadir-only MISR data is compared with results derived from the combined use of some off-nadir MISR data. The results show a substantial increase in forest mapping accuracy when off-nadir spectral measurements are used.
Windows to cell function and dysfunction: signatures written in the boundary layers

The medium surrounding cells either in culture or in tissues contains a chemical mix varying with cell state. As solutes move in and out of the cytoplasmic compartment they set up characteristic signatures in the cellular boundary layers. These layers are complex physical and chemical environments the profiles of which reflect cell physiology and provide conduits for intercellular messaging. Here we review some of the most relevant characteristics of the extracellular/intercellular space. Our initial focus is primarily on cultured cells but we extend our consideration to the far more complex environment of tissues, and discuss how chemical signatures in the boundary layer can or may affect cell function. Critical to the entire essay are the methods used, or being developed, to monitor chemical profiles in the boundary layers. We review recent developments in ultramicro electrochemical sensors and tailored optical reporters suitable for the task in hand.
Game-theory based power and spectrum virtualization for maximizing spectrum efficiency over mobile cloud-computing wireless networks

Mobile cloud-computing is a wireless network environment that focuses on sharing the publicly available wireless resources. Wireless network virtualization provides an efficient technique to implement the mobile cloud-computing by enabling multiple virtual wireless networks to be mapped onto one physical substrate wireless network. One of the most important challenges of this technique lies in how to efficiently allocate the wireless resources of physical wireless networks to the multiple virtual wireless network users. To overcome these difficulties, in this paper we propose the game-theory based schemes to resolve the wireless resources allocation problem in terms of transmit power and wireless spectrum. We formulate this wireless resources allocation problem as the gaming process where each mobile user bids for the limited wireless resources from physical substrate wireless networks, and competes with the other mobile-user players bidding for the same resources. Regulating the mobile users' bidding aggressiveness, our proposed game is guaranteed to converge to the Nash Equilibrium, where the benefits of physical substrate wireless network and the virtual wireless networks are both optimized, maximizing the aggregate spectrum efficiencies for our resources-virtualized mobile cloud-computing wireless networks. The extensive simulation results obtained validate and evaluate our proposed schemes.
Detection of Pulsed Terahertz Waves Using Ambient Air as the Sensor

We report the first demonstration of both incoherent and coherent detection of pulsed terahertz waves using ambient air or laser-induced air plasma as the sensor through a third-order nonlinear optical process with femtosecond laser pulses.
Effect of gibberellic Acid and actinomycin d on the formation and distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum in barley aleurone cells.

Analysis of structural changes in barley aleurone cells during germination or following incubation of isolated layers in gibberellic acid with or without actinomycin D revealed extensive development of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Following the assembly of stacked rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesiculation occurred mainly in basal regions of the cell, resulting in a polar distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicles. It is postulated that these vesicles are involved in protein secretion, because smooth vesicles, derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, apparently become appressed to the plasma membrane. The increased α-amylase in the ambient medium and in cell homogenates correlated directly with formation and subsequent vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, when cells were treated with actinomycin D and gibberellic acid, α-amylase synthesis was inhibited by 45% and secretion by 63%. These cells were characterized cytologically by large areas of disarrayed segments of fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum, corresponding to a high intracellular level of α-amylase. In addition, small lipid bodies common to the segmented regions of rough endoplasmic reticulum were surrounded by fine fibrous material, short segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes, suggesting that actinomycin D had interfered with development and organization of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Dietary enrichment with wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) affects the vascular reactivity in the aorta of young spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract We have previously reported on the positive effects of wild blueberries on arterial contractile response to α 1 adrenergic stimuli and on endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation. Our present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the dietary enrichment with wild blueberries on aortic function and reactivity in the developmental phase of essential hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We investigated the possible influence blueberries may have on the acetylcholine (Ach)-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in young SHRs, as well as the contribution of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways in each of the above responses in an animal model with dysfunctional endothelium. Vascular ring studies were conducted in 3-mm isolated rat aortic ring preparations to investigate vasoconstriction induced by l -Phenylephrine (Phe, 10 −8 to 3×10 −6 M) and vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine (Ach, 10 −9 to 3×10 −6 M). The major findings of our study were that in Phe-induced vasoconstriction, SHR-BB aortas relaxed to a greater degree in comparison to controls when mefenamic acid (MFA) was present and that the incubation with this COX inhibitor failed to restore — and in fact decreased — the maximum vasodilator response to Ach, in comparison to controls. Our vessel reactivity index ( p D 2 ) observations indicate that blueberries appear to modulate cell membrane–agonist (Ach) interactions primarily in response to Ach in the young SHR model, but not to the α 1 adrenoreceptor agonist. Incorporating wild blueberries in the diet seems to affect the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by modulating alternative metabolic pathway(s) (such as affecting the production/activity of COX-derived products) in the young SHR aorta.
Diabetes and corneal endothelial cell characteristics: a study based on Eye Bank data

The aim of the article is to determine whether corneal endothelial cell density and other characteristics, such as cell area, pleomorphism and polymegathism, are affected by diabetes. Corneal endothelial cell density and other characteristics of donor eyes collected during 2007 and 2008 in a local Eye Bank were measured by the HAI Eyebank Specular Microscope System. Adult donors aged 21 or older who consented to research were divided into healthy versus compromised eye-status groups based on eye disease or past eye surgeries. Differences in corneal measures between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were analyzed separately in each group via Mixed Models ANCOVA, with Diabetes as the fixed effect, Donor as the random effect, and Age as the continuous covariate. A total of 253 subjects met study criteria, of which 81 (32%) had diabetes. In the 180 subjects with healthy eye status, the medians (ranges) of age were 62 (29-78) years among 52 diabetics (29%), versus 57 (21-79) years among non-diabetics (P=0.013). In the 73 subjects with compromised eye status, the medians (ranges) of age were 70 (32-78) years among 29 diabetics (40%), versus 70 (29-79) years among nondiabetics (P=0.77). Between diabetics and non-diabetics, eye disease and past eye surgeries were well-balanced in the compromised eye-status group, while race and sex were wellbalanced in both eye-status groups. Results from separate analyses on the two groups indicated that diabetes did not affect corneal cell density or other corneal-cell characteristics analyzed. Even though diabetics constituted a large percentage of the Eye Bank donor population, this disease did not have a statistically significant impact on corneal endothelial cell density, cell area, pleomorphism or polymegathism.
2-D companding for noise reduction in strain imaging

Companding is a signal preprocessing technique for improving the precision of correlation-based time delay measurements. In strain imaging, companding is applied to warp 2-D or 3-D ultrasonic echo fields to improve coherence between data acquired before and after compression. It minimizes decorrelation errors, which are the dominant source of strain image noise. The word refers to a spatially variable signal scaling that compresses and expands waveforms acquired in an ultrasonic scan plane or volume. Temporal stretching by the applied strain is a single-scale (global), 1-D companding process that has been used successfully to reduce strain noise. This paper describes a two-scale (global and local), 2-D companding technique that is based on a sum-absolute-difference (SAD) algorithm for blood velocity estimation. Several experiments are presented that demonstrate improvements in target visibility for strain imaging. The results show that, if tissue motion can be confined to the scan plane of a linear array transducer, displacement variance can be reduced two orders of magnitude using 2-D local companding relative to temporal stretching.
Combinatorial library strategies for synthesis of cationic lipid-like nanoparticles and their potential medical applications

The past two decades have witnessed the high efficiency and efficacy of cationic lipids and liposomal formations for drug delivery. The tedious synthesis of conventional lipids and the inefficiency in studying structure-activity relationships, however, have hindered the clinical translation of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems. Combinatorial synthesis of lipid-like nanoparticles ('lipidoids') has recently emerged as an approach to accelerate the development of these delivery platforms. Utilizing a high-throughput screening strategy, the libraries of lipidoids are sorted and prime candidates for the delivery in the intended application can be identified and optimized for the next generation. In this review, we outline methods used for combinatorial lipidoid synthesis, the application of high-throughput screening, and the current medical applications of candidate lipidoids.
Myasthenia gravis: Immunological mechanisms and immunotherapy

This review of the immunological aspects of myasthenia gravis and the immunotherapy of the disease emphasizes the current state of knowledge of the immunological events at the neuromuscular junction, and the immunoregulatory abnormalities noted in myasthenic patients. The treatment modalities available to the clinician are discussed in an attempt to provide information that will allow for a rational approach to therapy.
Gender and Depression in Men

Four conceptual frameworks are presented for understanding the role of gender in the way men experience, express, and respond to depression. The sex differences framework is often limited by the absence of relevant theory to guide research. The masked depression framework assumes that depression in men can be hidden by substance abuse and other externalizing problems. The masculine depression framework assumes that gender norms affect the presentation of depression and create a phenotypic variant of the disorder. The gendered responding framework assumes that gender norms affect how different men respond to negative affect in general. Each framework is evaluated in light of relevant theory and empirical work, and recommendations are made for future research directions.
Accuracy of clinician-performed point-of-care ultrasound for the diagnosis of fractures in children and young adults

Abstract Introduction Injury is a major cause of death and disability in children and young adults worldwide. X-rays are routinely performed to evaluate injuries with suspected fractures. However, the World Health Organisation estimates that up to 75% of the world population has no access to any diagnostic imaging services. Use of clinician-performed point-of-care ultrasound to diagnose fractures is not only feasible in traditional healthcare settings, but also in underserved or remote settings. Our objective was to determine the accuracy of clinician-performed point-of-care ultrasound for the diagnosis of fractures in children and young adults presenting to an acute care setting. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients aged Results Point-of-care ultrasound was performed on 212 children and young adults with 348 suspected fractures. Forty-two percent of all bones imaged were non-long bones. The prevalence rate of fracture was 24%. Overall: sensitivity—73% (95% CI: 62–82%), specificity—92% (95% CI: 88–95%); long bones: sensitivity—73% (58–84%), specificity—92% (86–95%); non-long bones: sensitivity—77% (58–90%); specificity—93% (87–97%); age ≥ 18 years: sensitivity—60% (39–78%), specificity—92% (87–96%); age 85%) occurred at the ends-of-bones. Conclusions Clinicians with focused ultrasound training were able to diagnose fractures using point-of-care ultrasound with a high specificity rate. Specificity rates to rule-in fracture were similar for non-long bone and long bone fractures, as well as in skeletally mature young adults and children with open growth plates. Clinician-performed point-of-care ultrasound accuracy was highest at the diaphyses of long bones, while most diagnostic errors were committed at the ends-of-bones or near joints. Point-of-care ultrasound may serve as a rapid alternative means to diagnose midshaft fractures in settings with limited or no access to X-ray.
On sequential delay estimation in wideband digital communication systems

The problem of estimating the symbol timing in wideband data communication signals is considered. Conventional approaches to this problem suffer from several drawbacks, including possible lack of consistency due to multiple extrema in the error surface, and very slow convergence due to exceedingly sharp waveform correlation functions. In the paper sequential detection-estimation algorithms that alleviate these problems are constructed and analyzed. These algorithms are based on two techniques: the use of regularization (i.e., prefiltering) to produce a consistent initial estimate at the expense of higher mean-square error, and the coupling of recursive maximum-likelihood with this consistent estimator to produce the desired goal-a recursive consistent and efficient estimator. >
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Eccentric Atomization Spray Cooling Nozzle Designs for Micromachining

A recent development of cooling and lubrication technology for micromachining processes is the use of spray cooling. Atomization spray cooling systems have been shown to be more effective than traditional methods of cooling and lubrication for micromachining. Typical nozzle systems for atomization spray cooling incorporate the mixing of high speed air and atomized fluid. In a two-phase atomization spray cooling system, the atomized fluid can easily access the tool-workpiece interface, removing heat by water evaporation and lubricating the region by oil droplet spreading. The success of the system is determined in a large part by the nozzle design, which determines the droplet behavior at the cutting zone. In this study, computational fluid dynamics are used to investigate nozzle design and droplet delivery to the tool. An eccentric-angle nozzle design is evaluated through droplet flow modeling. This study focuses on the design parameters of initial droplet velocity, high speed air velocity, and the angle change between the two inlets. The system is modeled as a steady-state multiphase system without phase change. Droplet interaction with the continuous phase is dictated in the model by drag forces and fluid surface tension. The Lagragian method with a one-way coupling approach is used to analyze droplet delivery at the cutting zone. Following a factorial experimental design, deionized water droplets and a semi-synthetic cutting fluid are evaluated through model simulations. Statistical analysis of responses (droplet velocity at tool, tool positioning, and droplet density at tool) show that droplet velocity is crucial for the nozzle design and that modifying the parameters does not change droplet density in the cutting zone. Based on results, suggestions for future nozzle design are presented.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Drosophila CK1-γ, gilgamesh, controls PCP-mediated morphogenesis through regulation of vesicle trafficking

Cellular morphogenesis, including polarized outgrowth, promotes tissue shape and function. Polarized vesicle trafficking has emerged as a fundamental mechanism by which protein and membrane can be targeted to discrete subcellular domains to promote localized protrusions. Frizzled (Fz)/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling orchestrates cytoskeletal polarization and drives morphogenetic changes in such contexts as the vertebrate body axis and external Drosophila melanogaster tissues. Although regulation of Fz/PCP signaling via vesicle trafficking has been identified, the interplay between the vesicle trafficking machinery and downstream terminal PCP-directed processes is less established. In this paper, we show that Drosophila CK1-γ/gilgamesh (gish) regulates the PCP-associated process of trichome formation through effects on Rab11-mediated vesicle recycling. Although the core Fz/PCP proteins dictate prehair formation broadly, CK1-γ/gish restricts nucleation to a single site. Moreover, CK1-γ/gish works in parallel with the Fz/PCP effector multiple wing hairs, which restricts prehair formation along the perpendicular axis to Gish. Our findings suggest that polarized Rab11-mediated vesicle trafficking regulated by CK1-γ is required for PCP-directed processes.
The structure of human mitochondrial ­branched-­chain aminotransferase

X-ray crystal structures of three forms of human mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) were solved by molecular-replacement methods, using Escherichia coli BCAT as the search model. The enzyme is a homodimer and the polypeptide chain of each monomer has two domains. The small domain is composed of residues 1–175 and the large domain is composed of residues 176–365. The active site is close to the dimer interface. The 4′-aldehyde of the PLP cofactor is covalently linked to the ∊-amino group of the active-site lysine, Lys202, via a Schiff-base linkage in two of the structures. In the third structure, the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated by Tris. The overall fold of the dimer in human mitochondrial BCAT is similar to the structure of two bacterial enzymes, E. coli BCAT and d-amino acid aminotransferase (d-AAT). The residues lining the putative substrate-binding pocket of human BCAT and d-AAT are completely rearranged to allow catalysis with substrates of opposite stereochemistry. In the case of human mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase, a hydrogen-bond interaction between the guanidinium group of Arg143 in the first monomer with the side-chain hydroxyl of Tyr70 in the second monomer is important in the formation of the substrate-binding pocket.
Fluorescent imaging and localization with angle sensitive pixel arrays in standard CMOS

We demonstrate an optical sensor array which is capable of locating multiple, small fluorescent objects in three-dimensional space. Manufactured in an unmodified 130nm CMOS process, the sensor requires no external optics or post-processing. Instead, the array employs a diverse collection of angle-sensitive pixels. Each pixel has a distinct response to light intensity and incident angle. The array of pixels collectively gathers sufficient structural information to perform localization. These sensors will be useful whenever the micro-structure, rather than raw intensity, of a fluorescent sample is of interest.
Recognition of articulated and occluded objects

A model-based automatic target recognition system is developed to recognize articulated and occluded objects in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, based on invariant features of the objects. Characteristics of SAR target image scattering centers, azimuth variation, and articulation invariants are presented. The basic elements of the new recognition system are described and performance results are given for articulated, occluded and occluded articulated objects, and they are related to the target articulation invariance and percent unoccluded.
Studies on RNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells extraction and properties of labeled RNA.

Abstract 1. 1. Techniques have been developed for extracting labeled RNA from the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of Ehrlich ascites cells. 2. 2. Over 90 % of the rapidly labeled RNA is found in the nuclear fraction. It sediments in a rather diffuse band which includes two components that sediment more rapidly than ribosomal RNA. 3. 3. Approx. 60 % of the rapidly labeled nuclear RNA is labile and does not appear to be a precursor of ribosomal RNA. 4. 4. Throughout the 6-h labeling period which is studied, the rate of appearance of labeled RNA in the cytoplasmic fraction is considerably slower than that observed in the nuclei. At no time do appreciable amounts of what might be termed “messenger” RNA appear in the cytoplasmic fraction.
New sulfone-based electron-transport materials with high triplet energy for highly efficient blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

A series of new electron transport materials, which combines a diphenylsulfone core with different electron withdrawing end groups, has been synthesized, characterized, and found to exhibit high triplet energy (ET > 2.8 eV) for use in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The new materials, including 3,3′-(4,4′-sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))dipyridine (SPDP), 5,5′-(4,4′-sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(3-phenylpyridine) (SPPP), and 3,3′-(4,4′-sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))diquinoline (SPDQ) had wide band gaps (3.6–3.8 eV) and LUMO levels of −2.4 to −2.7 eV. The triplet energy measured from phosphorescence spectra at 77 K varied from 2.53 eV for SPDQ and 2.81 eV for SPPP to 2.90 eV for SPDP, which are in good agreement with density functional theory calculated values. High performance blue PhOLEDs using the sulfone-based materials are exemplified by devices containing a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) host and SPDP electron transport layer, which had a high quantum efficiency (19.6%) and a high current efficiency (33.6 cd A−1) even at very high luminances (4500 cd m−2). These results demonstrate that sulfone-based molecules are promising electron transport materials for application in developing highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs.
Nurturing Dialogic Hermeneutics and the Deliberative Capacities of Communities in Focus Groups

Dialogue is a central feature of focus groups. It is also a primary component of philosophical hermeneutic theories of understanding. Using a focus group with parents on the topic of state standard...
The Last Laugh: Skill Building through a Liberal Arts Political Science Curriculum

Quite often, people make jokes at the expense of political science majors. These jokes suggest that political science majors—and especially those graduating from liberal arts colleges and universities—have not acquired the necessary practical skills to make a living, let alone to acquire a lucrative career.
Multicollinearity and the use of regression analyses in discrimination litigation

Multicollinearity is a problem that can adversely affect the estimation of coefficients in regression equations. The types of regression models used as evidence in employment discrimination cases may be particularly susceptible to estimation problems resulting from multicollinearity, yet courts have in most instances failed to address this difficulty. This paper discusses the problems associated with multi- collinearity and suggests possible sources of the multicolli- nearity, particularly in the context of employment discrimination litigation. An academic example demonstrates how multicollinearity can be identified and corrected. Other possible techniques for curing the multicollinearity or reducing its effects are also presented. The related problem of "tainted" variables, often discussed by courts in employment discrimination litigation, is differentiated from the multicollinearity problem. For regression equations to be reliable and for inferences regarding discrimination to be accurately made, courts should concern themselves with multicollinearity, and not so-called "tainting." Language: en
Serving Rural Families of Developmentally Disabled Children: A Case Management Model

Family-centered, community-based case management is a key feature of new federal legislation mandating educational and preschool services for all developmentally disabled children. Social work skills, including counseling, planning, coordination, and knowledge of family and community dynamics, are germane to this task. The goal of family-centered case management is the empowerment of parents as caretakers and planners for their children. Highly skilled case managers will be particularly needed in rural areas where families must deal with scarce resources and other environmental constraints. The authors describe a program employing master's-level social work case managers who serve rural Appalachian families with developmentally disabled children. Included is a case illustration that delineates both case management activities and the contextual elements important in working in an Appalachian rural community.
Maintenance of risk factor control in diabetic patients with and without mental health conditions after discharge from a cardiovascular risk reduction clinic.

Background:Diabetes and hypertension can be challenging to manage in patients with mental health conditions. While the effectiveness of a cardiovascular risk reduction clinic (CRRC) has been shown not to differ between those with and without mental health conditions, it is unknown whether patients with mental health conditions would differ in durability of success following discharge from the CRRC.Objective:To determine the effect of mental health conditions on the maintenance of glycemic control and blood pressure control in patients with diabetes following successful completion of a CRRC program.Methods:Patients were discharged from the CRRC when therapeutic goals of hemoglobin A1c (A1C) <7% and blood pressure <130/80 mm Hg were achieved. We performed a retrospective chart review of a cohort of 231 patients by quarterly intervals for A1C and systolic blood pressure (SBP), providing up to 3 years of data following discharge from the CRRC. We assessed the time to failure to maintain goal A1C and SBP follo...
Critical nature of oxide/interface quality for SiC power devices

Abstract In this paper, the influence of the oxide and interface quality on the performance of silicon carbide power MOSFETs is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the specific on-resistance of SiC devices will be severely degraded by the poor surface inversion mobility reported in the literature. An accumulation-mode MOSFET device structure is proposed to solve this problem.
Reversal of chemosensitivity and induction of cell malignancy of a non-malignant prostate cancer cell line upon extracellular vesicle exposure

Extracellular vesicle (EV) trafficking is a fundamental cellular process that occurs in cells and is required for different aspects of pathophysiology. EV trafficking leads to changes in cellular function including apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation required for increased tumor formation. We report several phenotypic changes mediated by EVs isolated from non-malignant and malignant prostate cells as well as patient biopsied prostate tumor samples. EVs can reverse the resistance of prostate cancer cells to camptothecin EVs isolated from non-malignant PrECs (Prostate Epithelial Cells) can reverse soft agar colony formation of malignant DU145 cells, with the reciprocal effect observed. Isolation of EVs from 2 Gleason grade 8 prostate cancer patients significantly induced soft agar colony formation of non-malignant PrECs. We have identified proteins via antibody and Mass spectrometry analysis that may be responsible for the phenotypic changes. Mass spectrometry analysis of protein lysates using ProteoIQ revealed protein candidates associated with gene ontology annotations that may be responsible for this phenotypic change. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify statistically relevant canonical pathways and functions associated the protein IDs and expression values obtained using ProteoIQ. Western blot analysis confirmed the increase of 14-3-3 zeta, pRKIP and prohibitin protein levels in PrEC cells co-cultured with patient EVs. 14-3-3 proteins were also found as common proteins of 3 other Gleason grade 8 patients. Our study provides a rational basis to further investigate putative proteins, such as 14-3-3 and prohibitin and genetic factors that may be responsible for phenotypic changes that are associated with prostate cancer progression.
Response: Re: Magnesium Intake and Depression in Adults

To the Editor: We thank Slumiers and colleagues[1][1] for highlighting the challenges of interpreting outcomes from cross-sectional, population-based data. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate low magnesium intake may be associated with depressive symptoms. For instance, Singewald et al[2][2]
Vietnam's Christians: A century of growth in adversity, Reg Reimer : book review

Vietnam's Christians fits squarely in the genre of western missionary accounts of a missionary planted Church in the Southern Hemisphere. In the first half of the book, Reimer takes the reader through the internal national political contradictions of modern Vietnam, it's many cultures and religions, and the history of the Catholic and Protestant Churches. But all that is simply to prepare the reader for the amazing story of the growth of Vietnamese Christianity under severe persecution from 1975 to 2010. Unlike many missionary accounts this one recounts the experience of both the Catholic and the Protestant perseverance in faith.
Comment on “High-pressure synthesis of orthorhombic SrIrO3 perovskite and its positive magnetoresistance” [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 103706 (2008)]

In their article, Zhao et al. report the synthesis of SrIrO3 at high temperature and high pressure [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 103706 (2008)]. Under these conditions, the crystal structure of SrIrO3 can be stabilized as an orthorhombic perovskite with space group Pnma. They refine the lattice parameters and list the Wyckoff orbits and atomic coordinates. We believe that Zhao and coworkers made an unintentional error in reporting the crystal structure, which may adversely affect the description of the electronic structure. Indeed, we show the reported structure does not define a standard perovskite with nearly rigid IrO6 octahedral tilts and rather exhibits a structural discrepancy with respect to the equilibrium structure obtained from density functional calculations.