cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric time series regression

Consider ak-times differentiable unknown regression functionθ(·) of ad-dimensional measurement variable. LetT(θ) denote a derivative ofθ(·) of orderm<k and setr=(k−m)/(2k+d). Given a bivariate stationary time series of lengthn, under some appropriate conditions, a sequence of local polynomial estimators of the functionT(θ) can be chosen to achieve the optimal rate of convergencen−r inL2 norms restricted to compacts; and the optimal rate (n−1 logn)r in theL∞ norms on compacts. These results generalize those by Stone (1982,Ann. Statist.,10, 1040–1053) which deals with nonparametric regression estimation for random (i.i.d.) samples. Applications of these results to nonlinear time series problems will also be discussed.
Gonadoblastoma. A review of 74 cases

A clinicopathologic analysis revealed the gonadoblastoma to be composed of germ cells and immature cells of Sertoli or granulosa type; cells resembling Leydig and lutein cells were usually present as well. Calcification was common, occasionally appearing on roentgenograms of the pelvis. All the patients were sexually abnormal. The gonad bearing the tumor was generally of indeterminate nature but was sometimes identifiable as a streak or a dysgenetic cryptorchid. Four fifths of the patients were phenotypic females, who were commonly virilized, while the remainder were phenotypic males, who almost always had cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and female internal secondary sex organs. Eighty-nine percent of the patients were chromatin-negative, and the most common karyotypes were 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY. There was strong evidence of androgen production by some tumors. The gonadoblastoma may be regarded as an in-situ cancer from which germinomas and occasionally other types of invasive germ-cell tumor can develop.
Microsensors and MEMS for health monitoring of composite and aircraft structures in flight

Microsensors and Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are currently being applied to the structural health monitoring of critical aircraft components. The approach integrates acoustic emission, strain gauges, MEMS accelerometers and vibration monitoring devices with signal processing electronics to provide real-time indicators of incipient failure of aircraft components with a known history of catastrophic failure due to fracture.
Persistence of Rosette-forming Cells in Long Term Spleen Cell Tissue Cultures

THERE are reports on the morphological evolution of lymphoid cells from adult mouse spleen fragments1 and suspensions2, and from newborn mouse thymus fragments maintained in vitro for up to 22 months3. Immunological activity has been studied in vitro for short periods4–13 up to 35 days14. The presence of antibodies in the medium for as long as 108 days was detected in cultures of spleen and lymph node fragments from rabbits immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA)15.
Auditory and visual serial position functions obey different laws

Rhesus monkeys were tested in serial probe recognition tasks with either travel slide pictures or natural sounds. Tests with four-item lists produced serial position functions that were essentially opposite in shape for the two modalities and changed in opposite ways with retention interval. For visual memory, the primacy effect grew and the recency effect dissipated with retention interval. Capuchin monkeys, humans, and pigeons showed similar results. For auditory memory with rhesus monkeys, the recency effect grew and the primacy effect dissipated with retention interval. These results taken together, along with results from rehearsal tests of monkeys and humans, implicate two passive memory processes with different time courses. Interference among items within auditory lists was manipulated by varying the time between items and categories of items. Interference across lists was manipulated by varying the item pool size and, hence, item repetitions. Changes in the auditory serial position functions indicated that proactive and retroactive interference may have been instrumental in these dynamically changing serial position functions. Implications for theories and models of memory are discussed.
The Curious Case of the IARC Working Group on Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Cell Phones [Health Effects]

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced on 31 May 2011 that it has classified radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs), including those employed by cellular mobile telephones, as possibly carcinogenic to humans [1]. This implies that there could be some cancer risk associated with the use of cell phones.
An innovative extensional viscometer for low-viscosity and low-elasticity liquids

A spinline-type extensional viscometer is described in which an innovative method of tensile stress measurement is employed. A limited amount of liquid flows through a vertical capillary at a constant flow rate under the influence of a constant pressure head. The drainage time decreases when the liquid stream leaving the capillary is stretched by the application of vacuum. These drainage times are measured in a manner similar to that used for intrinsic viscosity measurements. The measured difference in drainage times, with and without stretching, is trivially related to the extensional stress at the capillary exit, and this provides a very simple method of accurately determining fluid stretching forces having a magnitude as low as 10–4 N; stresses at other axial locations in the stretched liquid jet are obtained by means of a force balance in the usual manner. The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated by obtaining the expected results for a Newtonian oil having a shear viscosity of 56.2 mPa-s. Also presented are preliminary data on polyethylene oxide-in-water solutions having an even lower shear viscosity.
BRCA1-IRIS activates cyclin D1 expression in breast cancer cells by downregulating the JNK phosphatase DUSP3/VHR.

Cyclin D1 plays an important role in cell cycle progression. In breast cancer, Cyclin D1 expression is deregulated by several mechanisms. We previously showed that in breast cancer cells, overexpression of BRCA1-IRIS induces Cyclin D1 overexpression and increases cell proliferation. BRCA1-IRIS alone or in complex with steroid receptor co-activators was targeted to the cyclin D1 promoter pre-bound by the c-Jun/AP1 and activated its transcription, which could explain the co-overexpression of BRCA1-IRIS and Cyclin D1 in breast cancer cells coupled with their increased proliferation. We report here an alternate or a complementary pathway by which BRCA1-IRIS activates Cyclin D1 expression. BRCA1-IRIS overexpression decreases the expression of the dual specificity phosphatase, DUSP3/VHR, an endogenous inhibitor of several MAPKs, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Although, the mechanism by which BRCA1-IRIS overexpression accomplishes that is not yet known, it is sufficient to induce Cyclin D1 overexpression in a human mammary epithelial cell model. Cyclin D1 overexpression could be blocked by co-overexpression of VHR in those cells. Furthermore, in 2 breast cancer cell lines that overexpress both BRCA1-IRIS and Cyclin D1 (MCF-7 and SKBR3) depletion of BRCA1-IRIS by RNA interference attenuated the expression of Cyclin D1 by elevating the expression level of VHR. These data demonstrate a critical role for BRCA1-IRIS in human breast cancer cell-cycle control and suggest that deregulated expression of BRCA1-IRIS is likely to reduce dependence on normal physiological growth stimuli, thereby providing a growth advantage to tumor cells and a potential mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
2½-Year-Old Children Use Animacy and Syntax to Learn a New Noun

We examine how attention to animacy information may contribute to children's developing knowledge of language. This research extends beyond prior research in that children were shown dynamic events with novel entities, and were asked not only to comprehend sentences but to use sentence structure to infer the meaning of a new word. In a 4 × 3 design, animacy status (e.g., animate agent, inanimate patient) and labeling syntax (agent, patient, nonlabel control) were varied. Across most events, 2½-year-old participants responded as if they expected animate entities to be named. However, in a prototypical (animate agent–inanimate patient) event condition, children responded differentially across different syntactic structures. Thus, the clearest evidence for attention to syntactic cues was found in the prototypical event condition. These results suggest that young children attend to the animacy status of unfamiliar entities, that they have expectations about animacy relations in events, and that these expectat...
DNA Repair in Cultured Keratinocytes

Most of our understanding of DNA repair mechanisms in human cells has come from the study of these processes in cultured fibroblasts. The unique properties of keratinocytes and their pattern of terminal differentiation led us to a comparative examination of their DNA repair properties. We have examined the relative repair capabilities of the basal cells and the differentiated epidermal keratinocytes as well as possible correlations of DNA repair capacity with respect to age of the donor. In addition, since portions of human skin are chronically exposed to sunlight, we have assessed the repair response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (254 nm) when the cells are conditioned by chronic low-level UV irradiation. The methods of Liu and Karasek were used to grow pure keratinocytes on collagen gels following their isolation from abdominal skin of newborns and adults at autopsy. Density labeling with 5-bromodeoxyuridine was used to resolve repair replication from the semiconservative mode. We found similar repair characteristics in human epidermal keratinocytes to those previously reported for cultured flbroblasts, However, the DNA repair response in basal cells was much greater than that in differentiated cells from the same skin preparation. Our comparative studies of DNA repair in keratinocytes from infant and aged donors have revealed no significant age-related differences for repair of UV-induced damage to DNA. Sublethal UV conditioning of cells from infant skin had no appreciable effect on either the repair or normal replication response to higher, challenge doses of UVL, However, such conditioning resulted in attenuated repair in keratinocytes from adult skin after 1317 doses above 25 J/m 2 . In addition, a surprizing enhancement in replication was seen in conditioned cells from adult following challenge UV doses.
Determinants of head injury mortality: importance of the low risk patient

Data were obtained prospectively for 7,912 head-injured patients admitted from 1980 to 1981 to 41 hospitals in 3 U.S. metropolitan areas. Highly significant independent predictors of mortality were motor score, number of reactive eyes, systolic blood pressure, abdominal injury, chest injury, age, and hospital unit (hospital or group of hospitals). The difference between the number of deaths observed and the number expected, by hospital unit, ranged from 43% below expectation to 52% above expectation. The 2 hospital units with the lowest mortality had only 1 death, where 9.4 would be expected, in patients whose risk of death was estimated to be less than 10%. In the single hospital with clearly excess mortality, however, the standardized mortality ratios were 208, 135, and 144% for the risk groups whose probabilities of death were 0 to 50, 50 to 80, and 80 to 100%, respectively. The lack of deaths in those hospitals with the best mortality experience and the excess mortality in the hospital with the worst mortality experience appear to be explained largely by differences in patients who, by clinical criteria, seem to be at low risk for death, and not by severely injured patients.
Pediatric Trigger Digits

Pediatric trigger thumb presents not at birth but early in childhood. Most evidence suggests that it is caused by a developmental size mismatch between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and its sheath. Patients generally present with the thumb interphalangeal joint locked in flexion. Surgical reviews report near universally excellent outcomes after open release of the A1 pulley. However, recent reports indicate that there may be a role for nonsurgical treatment for families that are willing to wait several years for possible spontaneous resolution of the deformity. Triggering in digits other than the thumb in children is generally associated with an underlying diagnosis including anatomic abnormalities of the tendons, and metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious etiologies. Although some have advocated nonsurgical treatment, surgery is often necessary to address the underlying anatomic etiology. More extensive surgery beyond simple A1 pulley release is often required, including release of the A3 pulley and resection of a slip of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon.
Electrical transport properties of graphene nanoribbons produced from sonicating graphite in solution

A simple one-stage solution-based method was developed to produce graphene nanoribbons by sonicating graphite powder in organic solutions with polymer surfactant. The graphene nanoribbons were deposited on a silicon substrate, and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Single-layer and few-layer graphene nanoribbons with a width ranging from sub-10 nm to tens of nanometers and lengths ranging from hundreds of nanometers to 1 µm were routinely observed. The electrical transport properties of individual graphene nanoribbons were measured in both the back-gate and polymer–electrolyte top-gate configurations. The mobility of the graphene nanoribbons was found to be over an order of magnitude higher when measured in the latter than in the former configuration (without the polymer–electrolyte), which can be attributed to the screening of the charged impurities by the counter ions in the polymer–electrolyte. This finding suggests that the charge transport in these solution produced graphene nanoribbons is largely limited by charge impurity scattering.
Moment simulation of aerosol evaporation

Abstract A moment method for calculation of aerosol evaporation is described and applied to a free molecular evaporation model. For this model at moderate evaporation levels, agreement between exact and moment solutions for the distribution function is reasonable in both phase and amplitude. Number concentrations from exact and moment solutions agree over the entire range of evaporation to within less than the order of 10% for initial lognormal distributions with geometric standard deviations, β, less than the order of 3, agreement improving as β is reduced. The method is easily applied and is computationally efficient.
Exemplar-based low-rank matrix decomposition for data clustering

Today, digital data is accumulated at a faster than ever speed in science, engineering, biomedicine, and real-world sensing. The ubiquitous phenomenon of massive data and sparse information imposes considerable challenges in data mining research. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework, Exemplar-based low-rank sparse matrix decomposition (EMD), to cluster large-scale datasets. Capitalizing on recent advances in matrix approximation and decomposition, EMD can partition datasets with large dimensions and scalable sizes efficiently. Specifically, given a data matrix, EMD first computes a representative data subspace and a near-optimal low-rank approximation. Then, the cluster centroids and indicators are obtained through matrix decomposition, in which we require that the cluster centroids lie within the representative data subspace. By selecting the representative exemplars, we obtain a compact "sketch"of the data. This makes the clustering highly efficient and robust to noise. In addition, the clustering results are sparse and easy for interpretation. From a theoretical perspective, we prove the correctness and convergence of the EMD algorithm, and provide detailed analysis on its efficiency, including running time and spatial requirements. Through extensive experiments performed on both synthetic and real datasets, we demonstrate the performance of EMD for clustering large-scale data.
THE COTTON ACREAGE EFFECTS OF BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION: A COUNTY-LEVEL ANALYSIS

The success of the Boll Weevil Eradication (BWE) Program is believed to be one factor underlying the recent increase in cotton acreage in the Southeast, We find weak evidence that the initial, eradication phase of the BWE program decreases cotton acreage, and strong evidence that the second, maintenance phase of the program increases acreage, The full benefits associated with a BWE program may not become apparent until acreage adjustments occur, four to five years after program initiation. Our results indicate that for a representative sample county neglecting acreage effects may lead to underestimation of BWE program net benefits by 9 percent-12 percent,
Direct Current Bias Aging Effects in Lead Magnesium Niobate‐Lead Titanate Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics

The effect of aging upon the dielectric properties of MnO-doped lead magnesium niobate-lead titantate (0.9PMN·0.1PT) ceramics has been measured for samples aged at room temperature (25°C) both under zero and under high (22 kV/cm) dc fields. In the 0.9PMN·0.1PT composition, 25°C is above the limit for stable remanent polarization, P=0, in the absence of an external field; nonetheless, aging under a high dc bias at 25°C, then cooling to low temperature under zero bias produces a stable remanence at lower temperature and a loss of the dispersive character of the micropolar state. It is suggested that dipolar defects induced by MnO doping in the PMN-PT can slowly reorient to stabilize the existing domain structure acting like a local bias field. Evidence is presented to show the stabilization of both random (unpoled) and ordered (poled) micropolar states. By comparing the remanent polarization induced by cooling after aging under dc field with that produced by straight dc poling of deaged samples, it appears that the defect ordering is macroscopically equivalent to a field of order 2 kV/cm. This field is in rough accord with the field to be expected from the known defect concentration, when the defects are ordered.
Compliance with International Humanitarian Law: Democratic Third Parties and Civilian Targeting in Interstate War

This article examines compliance with international laws prohibiting the intentional targeting of noncombatants in interstate war, specifically focusing on the role of third-party states in enforce...
Designing Cognitive Stimulating Environments for Infants and Toddlers

The purpose of the study was to review existing literature on the development of cognitive functioning and subsequent interpretations of environmental stimuli to develop an evidence-based hypothetical design for a prototype nursery to enhance the perception and cognition of infants and toddlers. To this end, literature on the cognitive development of both humans and animals was analyzed as it relates to the evolution of neurobiological processes to identify specific developmental capacities of infants and toddlers in the perception and detection of environmental stimuli. From this evidence-based knowledge, the researchers developed hypothetical designs as a starting point for further study. The methodology used for the study centered on a review of existing literature about biological and neurological development of sensory perception and the detection of stimuli. More specifically, the researchers looked at the neurobiological processes that enable infants and toddlers to detect sensation, and at the ways in which environmental sensations may be enhanced in order to strengthen neural connections. As part of this analysis, the researchers considered evolutionary perspectives, particularly as they relate to elements found in nature, and analyzed literature pertaining to children who were denied access to sensory stimulation during their formative years. The result was the development of a hypothetical prototype interior environment that could replicate the variations of basic stimulation patterns found within nature. The subsequent data were then analyzed and cross-referenced with existing research to form suppositions on safety and feasibility. The end result was the development of a prototype nursery as a hypothetical solution to enhancing sensory stimulation of children in their formative years, one that can now be implemented and studied further to determine its efficacy and impact on the development of infants and toddlers.
Adult Attachment and High‐Risk Sexual Behavior Among HIV‐Positive Patients

The present study investigated the relationship between adult attachment style and sexual behavior among HIV-positive patients. HIV-positive (HIV+) participants (A' = 48) completed questionnaires assessing number of sexual partners, adult attachment, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Results revealed that insecure attachment styles (particularly negative attachment representations of self and fearful attachment) were associated with having multiple sexual partners, including at-risk HIV-negative (HIV-) partners. These relationships remained significant after controlling for sexual orientation, self-esteem, and depressive symptomatology. These results suggest that interpersonal issues may play a key role in high-risk sexual behavior among HIV+ individuals. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a chronic and terminal illness that is frequently associated with disruptions in many aspects of patients' daily lives. Sexuality, in particular, can be affected as HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals carry a deadly virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Although most of these individuals are aware that their HIV status requires particular care with regard to sexual activity, they nevertheless continue to experience the natural emotional and physical drives for having sexual relationships. As such, many HIV+ individuals continue to be sexually active. Unfortunately, a significant minority of HIV+ individuals engage in risky sexual activities. A recent study found that 42% of HIV+ men and 42% of HIV+ women reported at least one instance of unprotected intercourse during a 6-month period, frequently with partners with unknown or seronegative HIV status (Kalichman, 1999). Another study reported that 25% of serodiscordant heterosexual couples (couples in which only one partner is HIV+) do not consistently use condoms during sexual intercourse (Kennedy et al., 1993). These findings are primarily of concern because of the possibility that HIV-negative (HIV-) individuals might become infected with the virus. Yet even high-risk contact between two HIV+ individuals can have negative repercussions on health. Other sexually transmitted
Heterodyne frequency measurements on N2O at 5.3 and 9.0 microns

Heterodyne frequency measurements on the 01(1)1-00(0)0 band of N2O have been made with the use of a tunable-diode laser, CO laser transfer oscillator, and a CO2 laser frequency synthesizer. A beat frequency was measured between a CO laser and tunable-diode laser whose frequency was locked to the peak of N2O absorption features. The frequency of the CO laser was simultaneously determined by neasuring the beat frequency with respect to a reference synthesized from two CO2 lasers. New rovibrational constants are given for the 01(1)1 state of N2O, which are in excellent agreement with previous results, although the band center is 4 MHz higher than in the previous measurements. A table for the line frequencies and their absolute uncertainties is given for the N2O absorption lines in the wave-number region from 1830 to 1920 kaysers. Some additional frequency measurements near the lower-frequency end of the 02(0)0-00(0)0 band have also been made with respect to a C-12)(0-18)2 laser.
Selection of instruction set extensions for an FPGA embedded processor core

A design process is presented for the selection of a set of instruction set extensions for the PowerPC 405 processor that is embedded into the Xilinx Virtex family of FPGAs. The instruction set of the PowerPC 405 is extended by selecting additional instructions from the full 32-bit PowerPC instruction set architecture (ISA), of which the PowerPC 405 ISA is a subset. The selected instructions are supported in hardware using the reconfigurable resources of the FPGA. The proposed design process gathers execution statistics for a target application through profiling or simulation. These statistics are then used to estimate the speedup that would be achieved if selected instructions from the full PowerPC ISA are added to the ISA of the PowerPC 405 processor. An experimental study of two embedded benchmarks show significant speedup when this approach is used to extend the PowerPC 405 processor to support various floating-point operations through the use of floating-point cores developed by QinetiQ.
The American Automatic Control Council

An international meeting of automatic control was held in Heidelberg, Germany, September 25–29, 1956, under the auspices of the joint control Committee of the German electrical and mechanical engineering societies. This committee is known as the VDI/VDE — Fachgruppe Regelungstechnik. Other international meetings on automatic control had been held previously. On July 16–21, 1951, one took place in Cranfield, England. This was called the “Conference on Automatic Control.” It was followed by the “Frequency Response Symposium” in New York City, December 1–2, 1953. The Heidelberg meetings were such a success that a demand arose for an international federation which could assist the host country in the matter of publicity, securing papers, and other aspects of the organization of future international control meetings.
Current Value Orientations of American Indians in Northern California The Hupa

To determine the extent to which the Hupa have retained traditional values, 21 Hupa men and women (ages 18-70) were administered the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) questionnaire on four value orientations: activity, relational, time, and man-nature. Results were compared with traditional Hupa value orientations inferred from the literature. Current orientations indicated significant preferences for (1) expression of oneself through accomplishment rather than self-actualization, (2) primacy of individual goals and group welfare over lineal concerns, (3) focus on the present rather than the past, and (4) mastery over nature rather than harmony with nature. The most visible change from earlier value orientations was found in time, which shifted from traditional emphasis on future to present. The inconsistency of responses to time items further indicated a struggle to maintain the uniqueness of their cultural identity without forfeiture of their identity as participants in the mainstream culture. It was conc...
Stress-related cognitive interference predicts cognitive function in old age.

Both subjective distress and cognitive interference have been proposed as mechanisms underlying the negative effects of stress on cognition. Studies of aging have shown that distress is associated with lower cognitive performance, but none have examined the effects of cognitive interference. One hundred eleven older adults (Mage 80) completed measures of working memory, processing speed, and episodic memory as well as self-report measures of subjective distress and cognitive interference. Cognitive interference was strongly associated with poorer performance on all 3 cognitive constructs, whereas distress was only modestly associated with lower working memory. The results suggest that cognitive process related to stress is an important predictor of cognitive function in advanced age.
Inactivation of the PRDM1/BLIMP1 gene in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

PR domain containing 1 with zinc finger domain (PRDM1)/B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) is a transcriptional repressor expressed in a subset of germinal center (GC) B cells and in all plasma cells, and required for terminal B cell differentiation. The BLIMP1 locus lies on chromosome 6q21-q22.1, a region frequently deleted in B cell lymphomas, suggesting that it may harbor a tumor suppressor gene. We report here that the BLIMP1 gene is inactivated by structural alterations in 24% (8 out of 34) activated B cell–like diffuse large cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), but not in GC B cell–like (n = 0/37) or unclassified (n = 0/21) DLBCL. BLIMP1 alterations included gene truncations, nonsense mutations, frameshift deletions, and splice site mutations that generate aberrant transcripts encoding truncated BLIMP1 proteins. In all cases studied, both BLIMP1 alleles were inactivated by deletions or mutations. Furthermore, most non–GC type DLBCL cases (n = 20/26, 77%) lack BLIMP1 protein expression, despite the presence of BLIMP1 mRNA. These results indicate that a sizable fraction of ABC-DLBCL carry an inactive BLIMP1 gene, and suggest that the same gene is inactivated by epigenetic mechanisms in an additional large number of cases. These findings point to a role for BLIMP1 as a tumor suppressor gene, whose inactivation may contribute to lymphomagenesis by blocking post–GC differentiation of B cells toward plasma cells.
A Case Study: Massage, Relaxation, and Reward for Treatment of Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata, a common cause of hair loss, is generally considered the consequence of an autoimmune process. Both physiological and psychological factors have been implicated. Previous studies have not incorporated behavior modification in their treatment designs. In this study, three treatment techniques (hair massage, relaxation procedures, and monetary reward) were applied to a 16-year-old male with a five-year history of alopecia areata. Comparison for seven months without treatment versus seven months with treatment showed that loss of hair was markedly reduced after three months of treatment. During the last four months of the study, new hair growth was evidenced.
Previously reappraised: the lasting effect of description type on picture-elicited electrocortical activity

To examine whether reappraisal modifies responses to subsequent encounters with stimuli, participants viewed neutral and unpleasant pictures that were preceded by negative or neutral descriptions which served as reappraisal frames. A half an hour later, the same pictures were presented, without preceding frames; EEG was recorded and participants rated each picture on arousal and valence. In line with previous work, unpleasant compared to neutral pictures elicited more positive early- (359 ms), mid- (1074 ms) and late-latency (2436 ms) centrally-distributed ERP components. Pictures previously preceded by negative compared to neutral reappraisal frames were rated as more unpleasant and more emotionally arousing; these pictures elicited a larger mid-latency (1074 ms) occipital positivity. Together, the data suggest that reappraisal exerts an enduring effect on both subjective and neural responses to stimuli.
Acting on One's Attitudes: The Role of a History of Choosing Situations

Three investigations examined the contributions of a history of choosing attitudinally relevant situations to attitude-behavior relations. Study I showed that differing histories of choosing attitudinally relevant situations were predictive of differing degrees of willingness to engage in an attitudinally consistent behavior for low self-monitors but not for high self-monitors. Study 2 showed that manipulated frequency of attitude expression increased attitude accessibility for low, but not for high, self-monitors. Study 3 showed that histories of choosing attitudinally relevant situations were predictive of attitude accessibility for low self-monitors but not for high self-monitors. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Developing a common machine language for banking: the ABA technical subcommittee story

In the mid-1950s a volunteer committee of bankers managed the development of a check processing standard that transformed the banking industry. The standard forced business machine manufacturers to adopt the new system rather than continuing to incrementally increase their own market share. The result was a new system allowing economies of scale through the exploitation of emerging electronic technologies. In tracing these developments, this story illustrates an interesting episode of how the "manager's guiding hand" works to allow markets to shape technology.
Symmetry of Human Growth and Aging

Many of the deepest questions in biology and medicine originate in the processes of growth and development, which are unimaginably intriguing whether considered in terms of complexity, mechanism, or scale. Set aside the question of how the microscopic germ line has been passed along intact over a period of billions of years, yet somehow unfolds to produce creatures that are individually mortal and dispensable. In terms of scale, the human begins with a fertilized ovum weighing a fraction of a milligram, and may attain adulthood at weights of 50–100 kg. My own 15-year-old son, still in his growth years, weighs 113 kg. That represents an increase in mass from conception of much more than one million-fold! It is daunting to consider that we as parents must purchase the groceries to support mass increases on this scale!
Antibodies to a synthetic peptide that react specifically with rainbow trout hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a specific immunological probe to rainbow trout cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). Three oligopeptides corresponding to different regions of trout CYP1A1 (amino acids 162-181, 250-267, 277-294) were coupled to keyhole limpet hemo-cyanin (KLH) using two different methods. All three peptides were coupled to KLH through side-chain amine and carboxyl groups of the peptide; peptides 162-181 and 277-294 were also coupled to KLH through the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue of each peptide. These five peptide-KLH conjugates were used to immunize rabbits. Antibody production and specificity were monitored by Western immunoblot analyses. All of the antipeptide antisera showed strong reactivity with the corresponding peptides used to generate the antisera. Four of these five antisera, however, did not react with the trout CYP1A1 protein. In contrast, the antiserum directed against peptide 277-294 (which was coupled to KLH through a sulfhydryl linkage) reacted strongly and specifically with the trout CYP1A1 protein. These antipeptide antibodies had a high affinity for CYP1A1 in liver microsomes from rainbow trout that had been exposed to β-naphthoflavone G3-NF), a known CYP1A1 inducer in trout. Microsomal proteins from control trout were not recognized by the antipeptide antibodies. Preimmune serum from the rabbits did not recognize any proteins in control or β-NF-treated trout. These findings demonstrate that antipeptide antibodies directed against peptide 277-294 can be easily produced in large quantities and used in research or biomonitoring studies for the detection of CYP1A1 in rainbow trout.
We Are What We Think We Are: Professionalization in Nuclear Medicine Technology

The medical radiation science (MRS) professions, including nuclear medicine, are often portrayed as being unprofessional. Our results show signs of positive internal perception and professionalization of the nuclear medicine science profession. Methods: The competency-based standards (CBS) project results were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical interpretation method for evidence of professionalization. Results: Major outcomes of the CBS document include the following signs of professionalization: name change, involvement in research, refinement of ethical content and an expected high level of professional functioning (competence beyond task performance) by entry-level practitioners (ELPs). Conclusion: Nuclear medicine technologists, especially ELPs, saw their profession as broad and developing in a positive manner. The signs of growth in our unique body of knowledge auger well for the professionalization of nuclear medicine technology in Australia.
{3,3',5,5'-Tetra-meth-oxy-2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenolato}nickel(II).

The title square-planar nickel complex, [Ni(C20H22N2O6)], has Ni—N and Ni—O bond lengths of 1.8448 (14)/1.8478 (14) and 1.8536 (12)/1.8520 (12) A. There is a slight twist in the two benzene rings at each end of the complex [dihedral angle = 11.11 (5)°]. All the atoms of the meth­oxy substitutents are in the plane of the ring to which they are attached except for one which deviates slightly [0.365 (3) A]. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O inter­molecular inter­actions connect the mol­ecules.
Issues in the Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children

The assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children is of considerable interest because of the need for the rapid and accurate identification of children who are experiencing excessive stress following a natural or human-made disaster. Immediately following a disaster, the available resources must be efficiently used and mental health workers would like to be able to identify those individuals who are the most in need of services. In order to study or treat the disorder, we must be able to identify it. In addition, if we are going to treat the disorder and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, we need a reliable and valid measure of the disorder.
Institutional Racism, Numbers Management, and Zero‐Tolerance Policing in New York City

Institutional racism is a concept that has gotten into a muddle. Ubiquitous in policing in the UK, but relegated to the margins of discussion in the US, this important and useful idea has been misunderstood on both sides of the Atlantic as a pervasive form of unconscious or cultural bias. This article argues that a clearer distinction is needed between cognitive bias and institutional racism especially with regard to the racial disparities in the enforcement outcomes in New York City. The numbers-driven management system, often called Compstat, paired with zero-tolerance enforcement of violations and misdemeanors, facilitates a pattern of institutional racism in which police motivation need not be bias, but, if anything, careerist: “activity” in the form of stop-question-and-frisk reports, summonses, and arrests in higher crime neighborhoods is the measure of “productivity” for officers and supervisors. Ultimately, this article argues that clarification of institutional racism is an important step bureaucratically and politically toward the positive reform of policing. The clarification of this distinction is also important in other fields.
Growth of eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) related to forest floor consumption by prescribed fire in the Southern Appalachians

Chainsaw felling, burning, and planting of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) have been prescribed on degraded pine/hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachians to improve over story composition and productivity. The desired future condition of the over story is a productive pine/hardwood mixture, with white pine, which is resistant to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), as the dominant pine. We evaluated the growth of white pine planted after fell-and-burn treatments through eight growing seasons after planting on three sites that differed in their fire characteristics and carbon and nitrogen losses. The three sites (JE, JW, andDD) differed in heat penetration and forest floor consumption. Although very little consumption of the Oe+Oa humus layer occurred during burning, consumption of the Oi litter layer was 94%, 94%, and 63% at JE, JW, and DD, respectively. Corresponding to the forest floor layer consumption (Oi and Oe+Oa combined), 46% of forest floor N was lost at JE, 45% of forest floor N was lost at JW, and less than 0.1% of the forest floor N was lost at DD. Biomass and density of woody competitor species were not significantly related to white pine size or growth. By the eighth growing season, no differences in white pine size or growth were detected between JE and JW, but DD had significantly smaller white pine trees. The size difference between DD and the other two sites was attributed to the replanting of seedlings atDD in 1992. However, relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly higher on DD in 1998 than the other two sites. Eight growing seasons after planting, white pine growth was negatively related to percent Oi layer consumed on the JE and JW sites. We also found significant relationships between white pine RGR and percent Oi consumed using data from all three sites. Although fire severity had a long-term effect on pine growth, fire severity was considered low overall on these sites because there were limited losses from the forest floor Oe+Oa layer. However, white pine increment and RGR were significantly related to percent forest floor Oi mass and N loss. This loss of site N capital could have a significant negative effect on growth of planted white pine over the long term. South. J. Appl. For.
A Case of Pulmonary Embolism Episode Inserted IVC Filter for Prevention of Recurrence in Operation for Femoral Bone Fracture

We report a case of femoral bone fracture with a history of pulmonary embolism, which was successfully treated by hemiarthroplasty with the insertion of an IVC filter. A 70-year old woman with a past history of pulmonary embolism was admitted to our hospital, suffering from femoral bone fracture. The hemiarthroplasty was performed under preoperative insertion of an IVC filter. 6 days later her leg swelled, and deep venous thrombosis caught by the IVC filter was found when CT scanning. Warfarin and heparin were administered. 52 days after the operation, she was discharged from the hospital without recurrence. The preoperative insertion of an IVC filter is a useful method for the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients that have a previous history of it.
Histoplasmosis in Israeli travelers.

Histoplasmosis is a common endemic human mycoses acquired mostly in the Americas. We reviewed 23 cases of histoplasmosis in Israeli travelers; 22 had traveled to Central or South America and one to North America. Fourteen cases had been exposed to bat habitats and were symptomatic, presenting ≤ 3 months after their return. Asymptomatic patients (N = 9) were diagnosed during the evaluation of incidental radiological findings or because a travel partner had been suspected of Histoplasma infection, 16–120 months after their return. Serological testing was positive in 75% of symptomatic cases but only 22% of asymptomatic cases. Histoplasmosis should be considered in travelers returning from the Americas with respiratory or febrile illness within weeks of return, particularly if exposed to bat habitats. Travel history is essential in patients presenting with pulmonary nodules, even years after travel to endemic countries.
Spin Polarized Inverse Photoemission Study of Fe and Co Thin Films on W(001)

Spin- (and angle-) resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy (SPIPES) has beenused for studying magnetic thin films. The spin dependence of the unoccupiedelectronic structure has been investigated for in-situ-grown epitaxial, ultrathin Fe and Cofilms on W(001). The Fe overlayers have a square lattice and exhibit in-plane magneticremanence in the $$\bar \Sigma $$ direction of the surface Brilluoin zone. Four or more atomic layersof Fe show bulklike SPIPES spectra with a majority spin peak at the Fermi energy (EF)and a broad minority peak 1.3 eV above EF The Co overlayers on W(001) showdistorted hexagonal structures in the plane with an atomic density twice that of theW(001) plane. Two atomic layers of Co show strong in-plane magnetic remanence withthe minority peak at 0.7 eV. The SPIPES results in general are consistent with thetheoretical electronic structure for momentum-conserving radiative transition from freeelectron-like bands down to the unoccupied 3d bands.
X10 and APGAS at Petascale

X10 is a high-performance, high-productivity programming language aimed at large-scale distributed and shared-memory parallel applications. It is based on the Asynchronous Partitioned Global Address Space (APGAS) programming model, supporting the same fine-grained concurrency mechanisms within and across shared-memory nodes.We demonstrate that X10 delivers solid performance at petascale by running (weak scaling) eight application kernels on an IBM Power--775 supercomputer utilizing up to 55,680 Power7 cores (for 1.7Pflop/s of theoretical peak performance). For the four HPC Class 2 Challenge benchmarks, X10 achieves 41p to 87p of the system’s potential at scale (as measured by IBM’s HPCC Class 1 optimized runs). We also implement K-Means, Smith-Waterman, Betweenness Centrality, and Unbalanced Tree Search (UTS) for geometric trees. Our UTS implementation is the first to scale to petaflop systems.We describe the advances in distributed termination detection, distributed load balancing, and use of high-performance interconnects that enable X10 to scale out to tens of thousands of cores. We discuss how this work is driving the evolution of the X10 language, core class libraries, and runtime systems.
Two-Photon Near-Infrared Cancer Imaging

We present a way of optical detection of malignant cancer cell colonies by using multi-wavelength two-photon excited fluorescence from environmentally sensitive Styryl-9M dye, allowing distinguishing between samples containing no cells, normal cells and cancer cells.
Cost Estimates of Near-Term, Fully-Reusable Space Access Systems *

The Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Center have completed in-house and contracted conceptual design analyses of near-term, two-stage, vertical takeoff and horizontal landing, fully-reusable space access systems to transport passengers and cargo to and from low Earth orbit. These efforts have identified closed vehicle designs using mature technologies. These designs and related estimates for ground support requirements have been used to prepare rough order of magnitude (ROM) estimates for the development, production, and recurring operational costs of these systems. The costing methodology in Koelle's Handbook of Cost Engineering for Space Transportation Systems has been used to estimate the development and production costs. A separate methodology, based on estimates of the direct support labor requirements, has been used to prepare an estimate of the recurring costs. This paper summarizes the conceptual reusable space access system design results, describes the application of Koelle's costing methodology, reports the ROM cost estimates, and compares these costs against prevailing space access costs. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of an infrastructure-style funding approach to develop and acquire these near-term, fully-reusable space access systems.
Basal Ganglia Gliosis in a Case of Rapid‐Onset Dystonia‐Parkinsonism (DYT12) with a Novel Mutation in ATPase 1A3 (ATP1A3)

Keywords: dystonia; Parkinsonism; ATPase NA+/K+ transporting subunit α3 (ATP1A3); gliosis; amantadine