cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of occupational stress with waking, diurnal, and bedtime cortisol response in police officers.

OBJECTIVE Police officers have higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality than the U.S. general population. Officers are exposed to conventional and unexpected workplace stressors. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a major role responding to stressor exposure by releasing cortisol. Prolonged release or excessive levels may result in disease. Our study investigated cross-sectional associations between self-reported work stress and various salivary cortisol parameters. METHODS A total of 285 police officers (76.5% male) from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004-2009) completed the Spielberger Police Stress Survey, reporting frequency and severity of work events during the past month and year to calculate stress indices. Officers provided saliva samples to measure levels of cortisol secretion. Linear regression assessed associations between stress indices and various cortisol parameters, adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, abdominal height, and smoking status. RESULTS Significant positive associations were observed between stress indices (overall stress, physical danger stress, and past-month lack of support) and diurnal cortisol (AUCg: total area under the curve). Administrative, overall, and physical danger stress in the past year were significantly associated with the diurnal slope. Overall, administrative, and physical danger stress were significantly associated with bedtime levels. There were no significant associations between the stress indices and the awakening cortisol parameters. CONCLUSIONS Higher stress ratings were related to blunted diurnal decline in cortisol, suggesting conventional and unexpected police stressors may result in HPA axis dysfunction. Future studies investigating possible associations between elevated cortisol and subclinical CVD are needed.
Accumulation-layer Surface Plasmons

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have attracted a great deal of interest in the past few years as alternative materials for plasmonics in the near-infrared region. In contradistinction to noble metals, TCOs such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) display a vast tunability of their optical and electronic properties via doping and electric bias. The possibility of actively switching between a low-loss dielectric regime and a high-absorption plasmonic regime has been exploited for the design and realization of ultra-compact electro-absorption modulators, as well as for the proposal of novel multimode modulator architectures. At the heart of the applications outlined before is the electron accumulation layer that is created at the interface between a TCO layer and an insulator under appropriate electric bias. Here a rigorous study of the electromagnetic characteristics of these electron accumulation layers is presented. The unique modal properties of these systems that emerge as a consequence of the graded nature of their permittivity profiles are highlighted. The concept of Accumulation-layer Surface Plasmons is introduced and the conditions for the existence or for the suppression of surface-wave eigenmodes are analyzed.
Environmental Stress Screening and Strength of Screen Evaluation for Dormant-Storage Components

We present an approach to the development and evaluation of environmental stress screening (ESS) for a dormant-storage, multi-shot component. The ESS is developed to precipitate and detect latent manufacturing defects without significantly degrading the component's probability of successful function under normal operating environments. The evaluation of the ESS is achieved by using an additional strength of screen (SOS) operation to test for escapes from the screen. The resulting data are pass/fail data only, because the characteristics of this type of component do not allow a standard “time to failure” analysis. The calculated SOS efficiency f is then used to estimate initial field “reliability.” We illustrate the use of the methodology with a case study involving an electrical component manufactured within the Nuclear Security Enterprise (NSE). In development and qualification, twelve failures were detected by the ESS, and the SOS operations detected one escape. The resulting analysis showed the SOS efficiency to be approximately 92%, adequate for the component reliability goal. The resulting initial field reliability was estimated to be 99.3%, acceptable for this electrical component. Failure investigations were conducted to determine the root cause of each of these failures. Information from these investigations resulted in changes to the manufacturing process to eliminate or minimize the reoccurrence of these failures. The number of ESS failures have been reduced, and no additional failures have been observed at the SOS operation.
A limited role for autophagy during arbovirus infection of mosquito cells

Abstract Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It can additionally function as an innate immune response to viral infection as has been demonstrated for a number of arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses. Arboviruses are maintained in a transmission cycle between vertebrate hosts and invertebrate vectors yet the majority of studies assessing autophagy-arbovirus interactions have been limited to the mammalian host. Therefore we evaluated the role of autophagy during arbovirus infection of the invertebrate vector using the tractable Aag2 Aedes aegypti mosquito cell culture system. Our data demonstrates that autophagy is significantly induced in mosquito cells upon infection with two flaviviruses, dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), as well as an unrelated mosquito-borne virus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Togaviridae). While assessing the role of autophagy during arbovirus infection, we observed a somewhat paradoxical outcome. Both induction and suppression of autophagy via torin 1 and spautin-1, respectively, resulted in increased viral titers for all three viruses, yet suppression of autophagy-related genes had no effect. Interestingly, chemical modulators of autophagy had either no effect or opposite effects in another widely used mosquito cell line, C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells. Together, our data reveals a limited role for autophagy during arbovirus infection of mosquito cells. Further, our findings suggest that commonly used chemical modulators of autophagy alter mosquito cells in such a way as to promote viral replication; however, it is unclear if this occurs directly through autophagic manipulation or other means. Author Summary Arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses, specifically those transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, cause significant morbidity and mortality and pose a continued public health threat worldwide. Many of these viruses lack vaccines or therapeutics and current mosquito control strategies are underperforming. For these reasons, identifying vulnerabilities within the transmission cycle that can be targeted will be critical to the development of novel control interventions. Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular pathway and previous studies manipulating this pathway have shown promise in minimizing viral infections in mammalian hosts. In this study we examined arbovirus-autophagy interactions within vector mosquitoes. The goal was to elucidate the role of autophagy during infection of mosquitoes in hopes of identifying critical interactions that can be targeted by novel approaches to block infection of and transmission by vector mosquitoes.
Implementing Social Determinants of Health Screening at Community Health Centers: Clinician and Staff Perspectives:

Purpose: Screening for social determinants of health (SDOH) during primary care office visits is recommended by pediatric and internal medicine professional guidelines. Less is known about how SDOH screening and service referral can be successfully integrated into clinical practice. Methods: Key informant interviews with 11 community health center (CHC) clinicians and staff members (medical assistants and case managers) were analyzed to identify themes related to integrating a SDOH screening and referral process (augmented WE CARE model) into their workflow. Results: CHC clinicians and staff believed the augmented WE CARE model benefited their patients and the CHC's mission. Most clinicians found the model was easy to implement. Some staff members had difficulty prioritizing the nonclinical intervention and were confused about their roles and the role of the patient navigator. The eligibility requirements and time needed to access local SDOH resources frustrated clinicians. Discussion: SDOH screening and referral care models can help support the mission of CHCs by identifying unmet material needs. However, CHCs have organizational and administrative challenges that successful interventions must address. CHCs need clinical champions for SDOH models because the screening and follow-up processes involve clinical staff. Additional support for SDOH models might include piloting the SDOH screening model workflow and formalizing the workflow before implementation, including the specific roles for clinicians, staff, and patient navigators.
A Political Uncanny: The Homelessness of Photographs

Since its inception, photography has been a hybrid technology: extending the thread of the doubleness of photography, this book explores photography’s uncanniness especially focusing on its representation of home as a troubled, threatened, lost, or melancholy space and place. The photograph as a space that has no place, that complicates location in space-time, lends itself to modernity’s troubled patterns of rootlessness, homelessness, and displacement. I interrogate ways that the development of photography as a technology coincides with cultural shifts and traumas of the early nineteenth century in the West, extending this meditation through interpretation of images that exemplify a photographic uncanny. The book considers twenty-first century responses to the haunted condition of postcolonial societies, and the photography that as a technology is our lingua franca, investigating the works of Bear Allison (Eastern Band Cherokee), Shelley Niro (Mohawk, Turtle Clan), and Devin Allen. In the introduction, I define the uncanny, discuss the history of the term, and argue for its application to photography.
Evaluation of the Element point‐of‐care blood gas analyzer for use in horses

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Element point‐of‐care (POC) portable blood gas analyzer with a laboratory‐based bench‐top reference analyzer using whole blood samples obtained from horses presenting to a referral center with various disorders in order to determine agreement between these analyzers. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a university teaching hospital at moderate altitude. ANIMALS: One hundred paired samples from 80 horses >1 year of age were collected after obtaining informed client consent. Fifty paired samples were from patients admitted for elective procedures and considered to be healthy, and 50 paired samples were emergency admissions and considered to be critically ill. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Paired whole blood samples were evaluated on both the Element POC and Radiometer ABL 800 FLEX analyzers simultaneously, and results were compared. Pearson correlation coefficients between analyzers were calculated. To assess agreement, scatter and Bland–Altman plots were evaluated, and mean difference and 95% limits of agreement were calculated for each analyte. Correlation was either good (0.8–0.92) or excellent (>0.93) for the majority of analytes. All analytes apart from hemoglobin had acceptable agreement, with ≥80% of individual results within agreement targets. Precision targets were acceptable for most analytes, with partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) and calcium (Ca²⁺) exceeding precision targets. CONCLUSIONS: The portable Element POC system had acceptable agreement with the ABL 800 FLEX bench‐top analyzer currently in use at the study center when evaluating the majority of analytes from equine whole blood samples.
Clinical Trial Drug Safety Assessment With Interactive Visual Analytics

In this article, we provide guidance on how statisticians can use interactive visual analytics to assist medical personnel through the entire clinical safety review process. For the general assessm...
Continuous opioid monitoring along with nerve agents on a wearable microneedle sensor array

There are urgent needs for sensing devices capable of distinguishing between episodes of opioid overdose and nerve agent poisoning. This work presents a wearable microneedle sensor array for minimally invasive continuous electrochemical detection of opioid (OPi) and organophosphate (OP) nerve agents on a single patch platform. The new multimodal microneedle sensor array relies on unmodified and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme-modified carbon paste (CP) microneedle electrodes for square wave voltammetric (SWV) detection of the fentanyl and nerve agent targets, respectively. Such real-time simultaneous sensing provides distinct unique information, along with attractive analytical performance, including high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, for real-time on-body OPi-OP analysis. The patch represents the first sensing device capable of continuously monitoring fentanyl down to the nanomolar level through a nanomaterial-based multilayered surface architecture. Applicability of the sensor array toward opioids screening is demonstrated for morphine and norfentanyl. Successful OPi-OP detection conducted in a skin-mimicking phantom gel demonstrates the suitability of the device for rapid on-body sensing. Such progress toward continuous minimally invasive transdermal analysis of drugs of abuse and nerve agents holds promise for rapid countermeasures for protecting soldiers, civilians, and healthcare personnel.
Solutions of Problems: Derivatives and its Applications

In this chapter, the problems of the fifth chapter are fully solved, in detail, step-by-step, and with different methods. The subjects include definition of derivative, differentiation formulas, product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, derivatives of trigonometric functions, derivatives of exponential, derivatives of logarithm functions, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivatives of hyperbolic functions, implicit differentiation, higher-order derivatives, logarithmic differentiation, applications of derivatives, rates of change, critical points, minimum and maximum values, and absolute extrema.
Predicting Parkinson's disease trajectory using clinical and neuroimaging baseline measures.

Abstract Introduction Predictive biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease progression are needed to expedite neuroprotective treatment development and facilitate prognoses for patients. This work uses measures derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, including regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), to predict an individual's current and future severity over up to 4 years and to elucidate the most prognostic brain regions. Methods ReHo and fALFF are measured for 82 Parkinson's Disease subjects and used to train machine learning predictors of baseline clinical and future severity at 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years follow-up as measured by the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Predictive performance is measured with nested cross-validation, validated on an external dataset, and again validated through leave-one-site-out cross-validation. Important predictive features are identified. Results The models explain up to 30.4% of the variance in current MDS-UPDRS scores, 55.8% of the variance in year 1 scores, and 47.1% of the variance in year 2 scores (p Conclusion These results identify an accurate prognostic neuroimaging biomarker which may be used to better inform enrollment in trials of neuroprotective treatments and enable physicians to counsel their patients.
The recent emergence of Arctic Amplification

Arctic Amplification is robustly seen in climate model simulations of future warming and in the paleoclimate record. Here, we show that in the instrumental record Arctic Amplification is only a rec...
Outlining the Orientation Toward Socially Relevant Issues in Competitive R&D Funding Instruments.

While project-based funding in public R&D investments has grown in importance in all European countries over the last two decades, there is widespread concern among decision makers about the actual orientation of project funding instruments to promote innovation and well-being. The capability of public R&D investment to improve the quality of citizens' lives implies the pursuit of 'relevant' social objectives related to existing and/or emerging problems affecting individuals' lives and society. Particularly, when referring to project-funded research, the question of ‘relevance' in research objectives recalls the never-ending debate over how to translate policymakers' request for producing value from public investments in research activities into ‘usable results'. The manuscript explores, using existing recent data collected at European level on government R&D funding, the portfolio of research project funding policy instruments of various public research funding organizations (RFOs) in order to shed light on how and to what extent it is oriented to address socially relevant topics. The authors examine the characterization of the single project funding instruments, which are intended to incorporate the motivations and targeted goals of public action, and the RFOs that manage them. In particular, they assume that, beyond the declared objectives, the actual orientation of funding instruments is influenced by specific features related to their implementation operated by the RFOs, such as those related to the process for selecting beneficiaries, thus evaluation criteria and their importance, and the composition of evaluation panels.
Geodesic Forests

Together with the curse of dimensionality, nonlinear dependencies in large data sets persist as major challenges in data mining tasks. A reliable way to accurately preserve nonlinear structure is to compute geodesic distances between data points. Manifold learning methods, such as Isomap, aim to preserve geodesic distances in a Riemannian manifold. However, as manifold learning algorithms operate on the ambient dimensionality of the data, the essential step of geodesic distance computation is sensitive to high-dimensional noise. Therefore, a direct application of these algorithms to high-dimensional, noisy data often yields unsatisfactory results and does not accurately capture nonlinear structure. We propose an unsupervised random forest approach called geodesic forests (GF) to geodesic distance estimation in linear and nonlinear manifolds with noise. GF operates on low-dimensional sparse linear combinations of features, rather than the full observed dimensionality. To choose the optimal split in a computationally efficient fashion, we developed Fast-BIC, a fast Bayesian Information Criterion statistic for Gaussian mixture models. We additionally propose geodesic precision and geodesic recall as novel evaluation metrics that quantify how well the geodesic distances of a latent manifold are preserved. Empirical results on simulated and real data demonstrate that GF is robust to high-dimensional noise, whereas other methods, such as Isomap, UMAP, and FLANN, quickly deteriorate in such settings. Notably, GF is able to estimate geodesic distances better than other approaches on a real connectome dataset.
Modern Republicanism. Or The Flight from Substance

In their separate contributions to this issue of the Yale Law fournal, Professor Frank Michelman1 and my colleague Professor Cass Sunstein2 sketch out their respective modern visions of republicanism in both consti? tutional law and political theory. In this brief comment it is impossible to address the many issues that they raise, or to follow each author down the many byways that he chooses to travel. But it is both possible and impor? tant to isolate several themes, recurrent in both pieces, that seem central to their conception of modern republicanism. These themes, when fully un? derstood, point out the serious weaknesses of modern republicanism as a comprehensive political theory. The overall conclusion can be stated very quickly. No political theory can concentrate on process and deliberation to the exclusion of substantive concerns. Yet that is precisely what Michelman and Sunstein heroically try to do. The different parts of this essay in their separate ways all pursue their failure to come to grips with the substantive components of republicanism. The first section explores the extent to which Michelman and Sunstein can separate the procedural and deliberative elements of modern republi? canism from the substantive and controversial outlook of the classical re?
Sixty years before the homicide: The Vieques movement and trauma resolution

This article focuses on the intersection of cultural trauma and social movements research to bridge the two in an effort to expand the application of trauma theory and to enrich the social movements research field. Focusing on the case of the antimilitary movement in Vieques, Puerto Rico (1943–2004), I examine the way trauma narratives informed the mobilization process, and how the movement engaged in a meaning-making process that contributed to its success. The article addresses the concept of trauma resolution through social movement research as a way for social actors to change their social conditions and re-establish control over the means of self-representation.
Nucleation, growth, electronic and magnetic properties of epitaxial Co-doped TiO/sub 2/ anatase

Co-doped TiO/sub 2/ anatase (Co/sub x/Ti/sub 1-x/O/sub 2-x/), as grown by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, has been shown to be strongly ferromagnetic up to /spl sim/700 K. The robust magnetism is tied to the presence of a secondary phase of Co-enriched anatase, which appears as nano- and mesoscale epitaxial particles that nucleate on the surface of continuous anatase epitaxial films. Co in both secondary (concentrated) and primary (dilute) phases substitutes for Ti, and is in the +2 formal oxidation state. The magnetization is proportional to the n-type conductivity, suggesting electron mediated exchange interaction. This material may thus be useful in the rapidly developing field of spintronics for which ferromagnetic semiconductors with Curie points well above room temperature are critically important.
A framework for selecting indicators of bioenergy sustainability

A framework for selecting and evaluating indicators of bioenergy sustainability is presented. This framework is designed to facilitate decision-making about which indicators are useful for assess- ing sustainability of bioenergy systems and supporting their deployment. Efforts to develop sustain- ability indicators in the United States and Europe are reviewed. The fi rst steps of the framework for indicator selection are defi ning the sustainability goals and other goals for a bioenergy project or pro- gram, gaining an understanding of the context, and identifying the values of stakeholders. From the goals, context, and stakeholders, the objectives for analysis and criteria for indicator selection can be developed. The user of the framework identifi es and ranks indicators, applies them in an assess- ment, and then evaluates their effectiveness, while identifying gaps that prevent goals from being met, assessing lessons learned, and moving toward best practices. The framework approach emphasizes that the selection of appropriate criteria and indicators is driven by the specifi c purpose of an analysis. Realistic goals and measures of bioenergy sustainability can be developed systematically with the help of the framework presented here. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Developing Trust with Intelligent Agents: An Exploratory Study

Trust is threaded through our interpersonal relationships, our group interactions, contracts and culture. The positive effects of trust on social dilemmas has been shown in a number of instances (Alcock, 1977). And, trust has been given a critical role in labor — management relations (Early, 1986), problem solving ((Zand, 1972), organizational performance (Hart et. Al., 1986), organizational communication (Robert et al, 1974), prosocial behavior (Rotter, 1980), and accepting feedback (Early, 1986).
Costs and inconsistencies in US IRB review of low-risk medical education research.

Context Advances in communication technologies over the last two decades have transformed the way medical education research is conducted, creating opportunities for multi-institution national and international studies. Although these studies enable researchers to gain broader understandings of educational processes across institutions, they increase the need for multiple institutional review board (IRB) reviews to ensure the protection of human subjects. Objectives This study describes the process of obtaining multiple IRB approvals of the same protocol for a multi-site, low-risk, medical education research project in the USA. The burden of obtaining those reviews and their consistency are assessed. The associated time and costs, and implications for the research process are detailed. Methods Following review by the investigators' parent institution IRB, the project team circulated a uniform protocol for conduct of a low-risk, medical education survey to the IRBs of 89 US medical schools for review. The processes and time required to obtain approvals were recorded to estimate associated research team personnel costs. Results Approval could not be obtained from five IRBs as a result of insurmountable procedural barriers. A total of 67 IRBs eventually deferred to the parent IRB determination. The remaining IRBs required a variety of additional procedural processes before ultimately agreeing with the original determination. The personnel costs associated with obtaining the 84 approvals amounted to US$121 344. Conclusions Considering the value of multi-site designs to address a range of research questions, enhance participant diversity and develop representative findings, solutions must be found to counter inefficiencies of current IRB review processes for low-risk research, such as that usually conducted in medical education. Although we acknowledge that local review is an essential protective measure for research involving identifiable communities that are uniquely susceptible to social or economic harm, this report suggests that proposals to modernise and streamline IRB review processes for low-risk research are timely and relevant.
Synthetic aperture radar range - Azimuth ambiguity design and constraints

Problems concerning the design of a system for mapping a planetary surface with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are considered. Given an ambiguity level, resolution, and swath width, the problems are related to the determination of optimum antenna apertures and the most suitable pulse repetition frequency (PRF). From the set of normalized azimuth ambiguity ratio curves, the designer can arrive at the azimuth antenna length, and from the sets of normalized range ambiguity ratio curves, he can arrive at the range aperture length or pulse repetition frequency. A procedure based on this design method is shown in an example. The normalized curves provide results for a SAR using a uniformly or cosine weighted rectangular antenna aperture.
Scyllac feedback stabilization experiments

For feedback stabilization experiments the magnetic field in a 120$sup 0$ sector of the Scyllac torus has been lowered to 17 kG, and the plasma parameters adjusted accordingly to reduce the m = 1 instability growth rates to values which are compatible with the response time of the feedback system. Initial plasma studies have been completed and compared with MHD sharp-boundary theory. Studies of the effectiveness of l = 0 and l = 2 feedback fields are reported. Modifications of the Scyllac feedback stabilization system have resulted in improved reliability, decreased response times, and increased output currents. (auth)
Blood salvage after total hip arthroplasty

We performed a prospective, randomized study to determine the effect of postoperative collection and reinfusion of unwashed, filtered, salvaged blood on the transfusion requirements of 232 patients managed with a total hip replacement. Patients who were scheduled to have a primary or revision procedure were advised to predeposit two or four units of autologous blood, respectively, before the operation. In addition, intraoperative blood salvage was performed for all patients who had a revision procedure. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the first group was managed with postoperative blood salvage with use of the Autovac Postoperative Orthopaedic Autotransfusion Canister and the second, with closed suction drainage with use of the Hemovac system. In the first group, blood was collected from wound drains for four hours postoperatively; if at least 300 milliliters of blood was collected, the unwashed blood was reinfused through a microaggregate filter during a two-hour period. A maximum of 1000 milliliters of salvaged blood was reinfused; any blood that had not been reinfused within six hours after the beginning of collection was discarded. No complications or episodes of hypotension, confusion, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, febrile reaction, or coagulopathy were observed during or after the reinfusion of the unwashed, filtered, salvaged blood. No reinfusions were interrupted or discontinued. We found that postoperative reinfusion of unwashed, filtered, salvaged blood was associated with a decreased prevalence of homologous transfusion after a total hip replacement among patients for whom preoperatively donated autologous blood was not available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Location of high-frequency P wave microseismic noise in the Pacific Ocean using multiple small aperture arrays

We investigate source locations of P wave microseisms within a narrow frequency band (0.67–1.33 Hz) that is significantly higher than the classic microseism band (~0.05–0.3 Hz). Employing a backprojection method, we analyze data recorded during January 2010 from five International Monitoring System arrays that border the Pacific Ocean. We develop a ranking scheme that allows us to combine beam power from multiple arrays to obtain robust locations of the microseisms. Some individual arrays exhibit a strong regional component, but results from the combination of all arrays show high-frequency P wave energy emanating from the North Pacific basin, in general agreement with previous observations in the double-frequency (DF) microseism band (~0.1–0.3 Hz). This suggests that the North Pacific source of ambient P noise covers a broad range of frequencies and that the wave-wave interaction model is likely valid at shorter periods.
The Flag Salute Cases Reconsidered

First, my very warmest thanks to the Supreme Court Historical Society for inviting me, to Chief Justice Roberts for his most gracious introduction (which I can only hope will not be retracted silently by the time I finish), and to all of you for coming inside on a glorious spring day to listen to an old professor talk about constitutional law.
Extended Anomalous Foreground Emission in the WMAP Three-Year Data

We study the spectral and morphological characteristics of the diffuse Galactic emission in theWMAPtemperature data using a template-based multilinear regression, and obtain the following results. (1) We confirm previous observationsof abumpinthedust-correlatedspectrum,consistentwiththeDraine&Lazarianspinningdustmodel.(2)We alsoconfirmthe‘‘haze’’signalintheinnerGalaxy,andarguethatitdoesnotfollowafree-freespectrumasfirstthought, but instead is synchrotron emissionfrom a hard electron cosmic-raypopulation. (3) In a departure from previous work, we allow the spectrum of H� -correlated emission (which is used to trace the free-free component) to float in the fit, andfind that it does not follow the expectedfree-free spectrum. Instead there is a bump near 50 GHz, modifying the spectrum at the 20% level, which we speculate is caused by spinning dust in the warm ionized medium. (4) The derived cross-correlation spectra are not sensitive to the map zero points, but are sensitive to the choice of CMB estimator. In cases where the CMB estimator is derived by minimizing variance of a linear combination of the WMAP bands, we show that a bias proportional to the cross-correlation of each template and the true CMB is always present. Thisbiascanbelargerthananyof theforegroundsignalsinsomebands.(5)Lastly,weconsiderthefrequencycoverage andsensitivityof thePlanckmission,andsuggestlinearcombinationcoefficientsfortheCMBtemplatethatwillreduce boththestatisticalandsystematicuncertaintyinthesynchrotronandhazespectrabymorethananorderof magnitude. Subject headingg diffuse radiation — dust, extinction — ISM: clouds — radiation mechanisms: nonthermal — radio continuum: ISM
CHARACTERIZATION OF AMINO TERMINAL TRUNCATIONS OF PLAQUE-ASSOCIATED Aβ AFTER COMBINATION BACE INHIBITOR AND ANTIBODY THERAPY IN AGED PDAPP MICE

TRUNCATIONS OF PLAQUE-ASSOCIATED Ab AFTER COMBINATION BACE INHIBITOR AND ANTIBODY THERAPY IN AGED PDAPP MICE Margaret Racke, John Tzaferis, Justin Hole, Feng Liu, Cynthia DeLong, Patrick May, Michael Hutton, Christer Nordstedt, Ronald DeMattos, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States; Eli Lilly and Company, Ltd., Windlesham, United Kingdom; 5 Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Contact e-mail: racke_margaret@ lilly.com
Meson-cloud contributions to baryon magnetic moments

Abstract The Coleman-Glashow sum rules of the baryon magnetic moments are investigated in the naive NRQM and chiral bag model in the SU(3) flavor symmetric limit so that the bag could be phenomenologically suggested as an effective NRQM in the adjoint representation. Other model-independent relations such as I -spin symmetry and Cheshire-cat properties are also shown to support the effective NRQM conjecture with meson cloud, in the multi-quark structure with U -spin symmetry breaking.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum. IX. The permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.

Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) membranes isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle are impermeable to inulin-14C (mol wt 5,000), and dextran-14C (mol wt 15,000–90,000) at pH 7.0–9.0, yielding an excluded space of 4–5 µl/mg microsomal protein. In the same pH range urea and sucrose readily penetrate the FSR membrane. EDTA or EGTA (1 mM) increased the permeability of microsomes to inulin-14C or dextran-14C at pH 8–9, parallel with the lowering of the FSR-bound Ca++ content from initial levels of 20 nmoles/mg protein to 1–3 nmoles/mg protein. EGTA was as effective as EDTA, although causing little change in the Mg++ content of FSR. The permeability increase caused by chelating agents results from the combined effects of high pH and cation depletion. As inulin began to penetrate the membrane there was an abrupt fall in the rate of Ca++ uptake and a simultaneous rise in ATPase activity. At 40°C inulin penetration occurred at pH 7.0 with 1 mM EDTA and at pH 9.0 without EDTA, suggesting increased permeability of FSR membranes. This accords with the higher rate of Ca++ release from FSR at temperatures over 30°C. The penetration of microsomal membranes by anions is markedly influenced by charge effects. At low ionic strength and alkaline pH acetate and Cl are partially excluded from microsomes when applied in concentrations not exceeding 1 mM, presumably due to the Donnan effect. Penetration of microsomal water space by acetate and Cl occurs at ionic strengths sufficiently high to minimize charge repulsions.
Methods to Assess Potential Reduced Exposure Products

The availability of tobacco products purported to reduce toxin exposure or potentially reduce health risks necessitates the development of methods and identification of biomarkers that can be used to assess these products. These assessments occur on multiple levels and stages, from identifying constituents in the tobacco products and smoke, to human exposure and health effects trials, to postmarketing surveillance. A conference of multidisciplinary experts was convened to present and discuss methods and biomarkers to assess these products and to consider the infrastructure necessary to facilitate the evaluation process. Although no currently available set of measures was thought to be sufficient for determining the relative health risk of potential reduced exposure products, this paper provides a blueprint for future research toward this end.
Adaptive Wavelet Method for Incompressible Flows in Complex Domains

An adaptive wavelet-based method provides an alternative means to refine grids according to local demands of the physical solution. One of the prominent challenges of such a method is the application to problems defined on complex domains. In the case of incompressible flow, the application to problems with complicated domains is made possible by the use of the Navier-Stokes-Brinkman equations. These equations take into account solid obstacles by adding a penalized velocity term in the momentum equation. An adaptive wavelet collocation method, based on interpolating wavelets, is first applied to a benchmark problem defined on a simple domain to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. Then the penalty technique is used to simulate flows over obstacles
Developmental aspects of China’s trade pattern: The role of imported intermediate goods

This paper studies the relationship between China’s trade and its economic development. More than two centuries ago Adam Smith argued that it is the use of imported intermediate goods that constitutes the vector through which openness improves productivity. Imported intermediate goods can relieve what would otherwise be key constraints allowing faster growth, together with better human development. While China’s trade reform is often related to its productivity growth, there has been remarkably little attention to the relationship between imports and productivity growth at the industry-sectoral level. Our paper examines the sector-specific impact of intermediate goods utilizing a time series for the share of imported intermediate goods in each sector derived from our model calculations. Our study indicates that imported intermediate goods are playing an important role in the growth of Chinese productivity.
Incorporationism, Conventionality, and the Practical Difference Thesis

H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law is the most important and influential book in the legal positivist tradition. Though its importance is undisputed, there is a good deal less consensus regarding its core commitments, both methodological and substantive. With the exception of an occasional essay, Hart neither further developed nor revised his position beyond the argument of the book. The burden of shaping the prevailing understanding of his views, therefore, has fallen to others: notably, Joseph Raz among positivists, and Ronald Dworkin among positivism's critics. Dworkin, in particular, has framed, then reframed, the conventional understanding, not only of Hart's positivism, but of the terms of the debate between positivists and him. While standing on the sidelines, Hart witnessed the unfolding of not only a lively debate between positivists and Dworkin, but an equally intense one among positivists as to positivism's (and his) core claims. The most important debate has been between so-called inclusive and exclusive positivists: a debate as much about Hart's legacy as about the proper interpretation of legal positivism.
Thermal annealing, irradiation, and stress in multilayers

Abstract The evolution of the microstructure of a TiN/B–C–N multilayered thin film during thermal annealing and irradiation has been studied by low angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Stress has been determined by curvature measurements. After deposition, TiN is crystalline while B–C–N is amorphous. Thermal anneals in vacuum at 600–1000°C lead to an increase of the bilayer repeat length and to a phase separation at the interfaces. After the 600°C annealing, ion irradiation (Ar ions, 300 keV 1 × 1015 ions/cm2) causes an additional increase of the bilayer repeat length but a decrease of the quality of the interface. After annealing at 800°C or 1000°C, the irradiation causes a major decrease of the bilayer repeat length (more than 20% after annealing at 1000°C and irradiation). The stress is highly compressive after deposition (σ=−2000 MPa). After the 600°C annealing, the stress is totally relaxed (σ=0) and becomes tensile after annealing at higher temperatures (σ=+1200 MPa after 800°C annealing, σ=+1500 MPa after 1000°C annealing). TEM confirms the decrease of the bilayer repeat length after an irradiation of the samples subjected to high temperature anneal and reveal an increase of the roughness of the interfaces. These phenomena are discussed in terms of stress driven diffusion during irradiation.
Two years of “The Digital World”: portable courseware for technological literacy

We report here our cumulative 2-year experience with the “The Digtal World”, a course designed to increase the technological literacy of non-science students. The course relies heavily on computer-aided instruction, including the extensive use of electronic lectures and multimedia. Students were able to acquire a surprising level of sophistication by working with examples of digital technology chosen from their daily lives. Students were also able to identify weaknesses in areas of current technology and public policy similar to those identified by experts.We describe our successes and failures, and present cumulative data on performance, by major, class, and gender. All courseware and applications for “The Digital World” are available from the author.
Introduction and background: the International Angiographic Compression study.

The current issues (April issue) of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC) and the European Heart Journal (Eur Heart J) contain three related manuscripts that report the findings of a major international clinical study of the impact of digital data compression on the diagnostic
Poultry science--today, tomorrow.

Abstract BEING president of the Poultry Science Association has been an exciting experience. The Association, like the industry we serve, is changing rapidly; new faces, new procedures, and new problems. The industry is eager to accept the new technological changes that are developed. Occasionally I am sure our industry has made changes even before the new development was confirmed. This proves that our industry wants the services we can perform but it also challenges us as teachers, researchers, and leaders to be in the forefront of both technological developments and industry demands. Because the industry, and the scientist behind the industry, are both dynamic, we do have change. One of the changes that has developed has been in the structure of departments or sections of Poultry Science throughout the country. We have heard about this in the hallways and dining halls at meetings of the Poultry Science Association and at other…
Office-based lower airway endoscopy (OLAE) in pediatric patients: A high-value procedure

Abstract Objectives Office-based lower airway endoscopy (OLAE) is not a widespread practice in children due to concerns about its safety and efficacy. In 2003, we reported on OLAE in 105 children presenting with airway symptoms and found it both safe and effective as a diagnostic tool. The current study is a follow-up to the 2003 study that reports on an additional 122 pediatric patients who received OLAE with special attention to the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Methods A retrospective review at a tertiary–quaternary pediatric institution of 122 consecutive pediatric patients in which an airway lesion, by history and initial physical exam, was determined to be present at the level of the supraglottic larynx to the carina. In all patients, airway endoscopy was performed in the office using flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) and the endoscope was passed beyond the glottis to assess the lower airway, including the subglottis, trachea, and carina. The diagnoses were recorded and the number of times each diagnosis was encountered as well as the percent of patients who had each diagnosis was calculated. All cases requiring operating room procedures for further diagnosis or therapy were assessed for office-based and operating room diagnostic agreement. The ease of performing the lower airway assessment and the ease with which the subglottis, trachea, and carina were visualized were graded. An assessment for complications was also performed. Results There were no complications with OLAE in any of the 122 patients. The percent of patients rated as having good visualization of anatomic structures were: 97% for visualization of the subglottis, 98% for visualization of the trachea, and 92% for visualization of the carina. In 93% of the cases the procedure was easily performed. There was excellent correlation between OLAE and operative endoscopy. Conclusion OLAE continues to be a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective tool for the diagnosis of lower airway pathology in pediatric patients.
Increasing prevalence of femoral lysis in cementless total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract A follow-up study was made of 94 primary total hip arthroplasties in 86 patients with a Harris—Galante (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) porous-coated femoral component implant to determine the change in prevalence of femoral lysis and its clinical significance. At a mean follow-up period of 53 months (range, 16–86 months), femoral lysis was present in 31% of the femurs. In the first report of this condition, the incidence was 3%. The mean patient age was 54 years (range, 30–69 years). The most common diagnosis was osteoarthritis (62 hips). Of the 29 hips with femoral lysis, 11 were graded as extensive. Of the 14 hips in which the femoral component was defined as loose, 12 had femoral osteolysis; however, the mean Harris hip score among those with lysis was not reduced in those with femoral osteolysis (88 compared with 90 the entire group). Pelvic osteolysis, in contrast, was present in only one hip, around a screw. In this series, femoral lysis was a major complication, whether the femoral component was stable or not, and the prevalence of lysis increased sharply over time.
Synergism of dopamine plus furosemide in preventing acute renal failure in the dog

The protective effects of a combination of dopamine and furosemide were studied in dogs during the initial phase of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by intravenous uranyl nitrate (10 mg/kg). Fifteen minutes after injection of the nephrotoxin, and infusion of dopamine (3 micrograms/kg/min), furosemide (1 mg/kg/bolus followed by 1 mg/kg/hr), or both drugs simultaneously were given for 6 hours. Exogenous creatinine clearance was measured for 6 hours, and the intrarenal blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres before and 3 hours after the induction of ARF. Treatment with both dopamine and furosemide produced renal vasodilatation, high urine flow rate, and attenuation of the fall in GRF seen in untreated animals. In contrast, single use of dopamine or furosemide was totally ineffective in producing renal vasodilation, a diuresis, or the maintenance of the GFR. These data indicate that dopamine plus furosemide have a synergistic effect in preventing the early pathophysiologic changes associated with ARF in this animal model. Maintenance of a high GFR correlated best with the enhancement of solute excretion and urine flow rate. Potential protective effects of dopamine plus furosemide in other models of ARF deserve careful investigation.
Tabletop Lensless Imaging Using Coherent High Harmonic Beams

We present the first demonstration of lensless imaging using coherent high harmonic beams. This coherent imaging technique avoids traditional diffractive optics, and is transparently extendable to shorter wavelengths without aberrations.