cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tapia Syndrome, Resulting from Internal Carotid Artery Dissection in the Setting of Yoga and Review the Localization and Mechanism of Injury to the Vagal and Hypoglossal Nerves (P03.025)

Objective: To describe a case of Tapia syndrome, resulting from internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) in the setting of yoga. Background ICAD is an uncommon cause of stroke, accounting for 2–3% of all strokes. The absence of cerebral ischemic symptoms may lead to a delay in the diagnosis. Yoga is becoming increasingly popular. It is unclear if yoga practitioners are aware of the mechanism of ICAD. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: A sixty-eight year old gentleman with a medical history significant for GERD presented with slurred speech for five days and difficulty swallowing for 1 day. The patient had started practicing yoga, for left shoulder pain, approximately three weeks prior to admission. The yoga regimen included hyperflexion of the neck. He first noticed slurred speech along with neck discomfort five days prior to admission. This persisted without progression and on the day of admission he had sudden onset of trouble with swallowing both solid and liquid food. There were no other focal neurological symptoms noticed at this time. His general physical exam was unremarkable. His neurological exam was significant for hypophonia and dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, especially with liquids, tongue deviation to the left, without atrophy or fasciculations, and a symmetric gag reflex. A left vocal cord paralysis was noticed on endoscopy. The remainder of the neurological exam was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a significant decrease in flow and caliber of lumen of the cervical portion suggestive of left ICAD. Conclusions: ICAD should be considered in the differential of mononeuritis multiplex involving lower cranial nerves. ICAD can be caused by hyperflexion of the neck. Increasing awareness of the mechanism of ICAD among yoga practitioners will help avoid extreme postures involving the neck and decrease the incidence of an avoidable cause of neurologic dysfunction and stroke. Disclosure: Dr. Arcot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liff has received personal compensation for activities with E-Rewards Medical. Dr. Horowitz has nothing to disclose.
Thumbs-Up

Thumbs-Up explores a novel sensing method for detection of hand-to-mouth compulsive habits. Using electrical bio-impedance spectroscopy and inertial measurement units, a prototype system was implemented. The system can easily be worn around the arm and may perhaps be integrated into future wearable devices. It recognises occurrences of the habits in real-time, allowing monitoring and immediate interventions. These have so far been very limited, impeding behavioural studies and the development of therapeutic treatments. Throughout this paper the methodâs feasibility is demonstrated and aspects of its performance are explored. We present an approach to process the bio-impedance signals and associate them with possible body postures. A positioning strategy optimises the deviceâs sensitivity and increases its efficacy. Machine learning algorithms are leveraged to infer the hand-to-mouth detection. We achieve 92% detection accuracy for recurrent usage and 90% accuracy for users that have not been previously encountered.
Spatio-temporal hydro forecasting of multireservoir inflows for hydro-thermal scheduling

Abstract Hydro-thermal scheduling is the problem of finding an optimal dispatch of power plants in a system containing both hydro and thermal plants. Since hydro plants are able to store water over long time periods, and since future inflows are uncertain due to precipitation, the resulting multi-stage stochastic optimization problem becomes challenging to solve. Several solution methods have been developed over the past few decades to compute practically useful operation policies. One of these methods is stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP). SDDP poses strong restrictions on the forecasting method generating the necessary inflow scenarios. In this context, the current state-of-the-art in forecasting are periodic autoregressive (PAR) models. We present a new forecasting model for hydro inflows that incorporates spatial information, i.e. , inflow information from neighboring reservoirs of the system, and that also satisfies the restrictions posed by SDDP. We benchmark our model against a PAR model that is similar to the one currently used in Brazil. Three multi-reservoir basins in Brazil serve as a case study for the comparison. We show that our approach outperforms the benchmark PAR model and present the root mean squared error (RMSE) as well as the seasonally-adjusted coefficient of efficiency (SACE) for each reservoir modeled. The overall decrease in RMSE is 8.29 percent using our approach for one month-ahead forecasts. The decrease in RMSE is achieved without additional data collection while only adding 11.8 percent more state variables for the SDDP algorithm.
Applications of multiple seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) model on predictive incidence of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Objective To forecast the number of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Qingdao by multiple seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) model,so as to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of prevention and control.Methods The ARIMA model was established based on the monthly numbers of HFRS in Qingdao from January 2007 to July 2013 by SPSS18.0 software.Results There were significant difference of the fitted multiple seasonal moving average coefficients with the non-seasonal and the seasonal moving average coefficients being 0.816 and0.685 respectively.Through the test of parameters and goodness of fit as well as white-noise residuals,we finalize the ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1) 12,of which BIC = 5.41.Conclusions Forecast by ARIMA model suggests an increase tendency for the number of HFRS in Qingdao from August to December in 2013.Prevention and control strategies should be further strengthed.
Studies on platelets. II. The effect of transfusion of platelet-rich polycythemic blood on the platelets and hemostatic function in "idiopathic" and "secondary" thrombocytopenic purpura.

Abstract 1. Direct transfusions of platelet-rich polycythemic blood, using the multiple syringe technic and siliconized apparatus, were performed in 14 cases of "idiopathic" ("megakaryocytic") and 8 of "secondary" ("amegakaryocytic") thrombocytopenia. Effects on platelet number and function, and on hemorrhagic manifestations were studied. 2. Platelets disappeared very rapidly from the circulation (one-half to twelve hours) in the 12 patients with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenia and in 1 patient with chronic thrombocytopenia with a low platelet count. They disappeared more slowly (twenty-four hours) in the other case of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia in which there was a higher platelet count. Essentially similar platelet disappearance curves were obtained in 2 patients, before and after unsuccessful splenectomy. In the patients with secondary thrombocytopenia, the survival of platelets in the circulation was much longer (average forty-eight to ninety-six hours). 3. Behavior of clot retraction and prothrombin activity of serum paralleled closely that of the platelet count. The bleeding time and capillary fragility usually remained improved for twenty-four to forty-eight hours after the platelet count had fallen to the initial level. Likewise, the hemorrhagic manifestations were improved in every case for many hours after the platelet level had returned to its original value. Similar, but less marked beneficial effects on the hemorrhagic manifestations were also obtained with transfusions of fresh blood from donors with normal platelet counts, provided fresh blood was used and precautions taken to prevent excessive loss of platelets. 4. Remissions were observed in 2 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia following direct transfusion of polycythemic blood. In both cases, the injected platelets disappeared promptly from the circulation but within twenty-four hours the platelet count began to rise and a long-sustained remission became established. This finding suggests the possibility that polycythemic blood may contain a stimulatory principle which can determine or accelerate a spontaneous remission. 5. Conclusions. The prompt disappearance of injected platelets from the circulation of patients with "idiopathic" thrombocytopenia suggests a humoral destructive mechanism, which is not present in the "secondary" or "amegakaryocytic" cases. This destructive mechanism does not appear to originate in the spleen. Our observations do not exclude an inhibitory effect upon platelet production from the megakaryocytes of the bone marrow. Polycythemic blood may contain a platelet stimulatory factor.
The new information frontier: toward a more nuanced view of social movement communication

AbstractThe information environment that social movements face is increasingly complex, making traditional assumptions about media, messaging, and communication used in social movement studies less relevant. Building on work begun within the study of digital protest, we argue that a greater integration of political communication research within social movement studies could offer substantial research contributions. We illustrate this claim by discussing how a greater focus on audiences and message reception, as well as message context, could advance the study of social movements. Specifically, we discuss a range of topics as applied to movement research, including information overload, selective attention, perceptions of bias, the possibilities that entertainment-related communications open up, and priming, among other topics. We suggest the risks of not adapting to this changing information environment, and incorporating insights from political communication, affect both the study of contemporary (includ...
Do Personnel Policies Matter for Organizational Mission Coherence? A Public School Test

Public administration theory suggests that building mission coherence within an organization is important for its effectiveness. Personnel policies may influence the capacity to foster mission coherence. Through hiring or dismissal, managers could compose a staff of workers who match with the organizational mission and abide by its associated norms and values. Policies that limit the manager’s influence over personnel may have the opposite effect. This article empirically tests this link between personnel policies and mission coherence within the U.S. public schools system. Ordinary least squares regression is used to analyze a nationally representative sample of nearly 6,500 schools. Results indicate that schools where administrators have greater influence over hiring decisions or face fewer formal barriers against dismissing teachers tend to have teachers who report greater mission coherence. Implications for theory and practice as well as study limitations are also discussed.
Model-based animation of micro-traffic simulation (WIP)

Testing discrete-event simulation models is often done at the level of traces. However, visual feed-back to the modeler is crucial as he is very often a domain expert with limited computing knowledge. We propose a generic framework for graphically animating the visualization of DEVS simulations to enable testing of the simulation model at the domain-specific level. This paper reports initial work for animating micro-traffic simulation with our framework.
Turn-ON Analysis for a Thyristor-Based Photoreceiver

An analysis of the turn-ON time for a thyristor-based photoreceiver is presented. Using an equivalent circuit that incorporates internal bipolar current gain, the time to trigger and switch the detector on is quantified analytically. For typical device parameters and applying values of photocurrent gain obtained from experimental data, turn-ON times on the order of 25 ps are predicted for a $10~\mu \text{m}$ device diameter.
What’s At Stake in a High-Stakes Math Test? Analysis of Multimodal Challenges for Emergent English Bilingual Learners

This chapter examines how instruction for standardized math examination proctors aid or impede them in guiding linguistic and culturally diverse students to perform their best in unfamiliar high-stakes exams. Drawing on critical multimodal analyses (Kress and van Leeuwen, Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge, 2006), this chapter makes visible the multimodal assumptions in these instructions and how institutionalized examination practices neglect culturally and linguistically diverse learners, jeopardize their access to higher education, and decrease their chances for becoming productive contributing members in their communities. A research agenda that sustains and nurtures English as additional language learners’ first language resources is suggested to direct attention to areas that could aid them in negotiating unfamiliar high-stakes multimodal texts.
Persistent Sciatic Artery: A Favorable Anatomic Variant in a Setting of Trauma.

Background: Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare congenital anomaly of the circulation of the lower limb that results from the persistence of an artery that normally regresses early in embryonic development. PSA is usually an incidental finding and is exceedingly rare to find bilaterally. Case Report: We present the case of a rare presentation of PSA that resulted in a favorable outcome for a patient who sustained a gunshot wound to his midthigh and discuss the history, embryology, anatomy, classification schema, imaging evaluation, complications, diagnosis, and management of PSA. Conclusion: PSAs are of doubtful clinical significance when found incidentally at imaging; however, individual patient symptoms, unique arterial anatomy, and the PSA classification best determine the appropriate treatment options.
The African Body as an Ethico-aesthetic Site

Every human body tells a story, not always a story that is already there, but also a story in the making. In either case, the body authors its own story. The African body is not an exception. It is where the story of the sense of being African is constituted and where it is expressed. Prior to the constitution and expression, it is nothing. It is this nothing that makes constitution and expression possible. Even after constitution and expression has taken place, nothing remains as an ever abiding presence, always open to reconstitution and to other constitutions and expressions. This is illustrated in the manner in which the African’s body presents itself to the African.
Abstract P252: Duration and Life-stage of Antibiotic Use and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Background and Aims: Growing data suggest that antibiotic use, which may alter the gut microbiome, is related to risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is still scarce; and no large prospective study has investigated associations between cumulative antibiotic use during adulthood and risk of CVD. We aimed to examine duration of antibiotic use and risk of CVD among apparently healthy women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). Methods: This study included 36,922 women without history of myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, stroke, or cancer in the NHS and with available data on total days of antibiotics use per year (0 to <15 days, 15 days to <2 months, or 2 months or more) during ages 20-39, 40-59 and after age 60, as reported on the 2004 questionnaire. Incidence of CVD (MI or stroke) over 8 years was assessed. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated as categories of duration of use compared with the none to <15 days per year group, using multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model including traditional risk factors (such as demographic variables, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, physical activity, Alternative Healthy Eating Index score, body mass index, aspirin, and anti-inflammatory medication), and reasons for antibiotics use (respiratory infection, urinary tract infections, acne or rosacea, chronic bronchitis, or dental), as well as other medications (such as H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors), and other diseases (such as lung or kidney disease). Results: As compared to women with “none to <15 days per year of use” during age 40-59 y, those with a history of antibiotics use “15 days to < 2 months” or “2 months or more” had a significantly increased risk of CVD with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR [95%CI])_ of 1.19 (1.03, 1.38) and 1.34 (1.08, 1.66), respectively. Reported use of antibiotics for 2 months or more per year after age 60 was also associated with a HR of 1.24 (1.02, 1.51) for CVD. A longer exposure of antibiotics use was more strongly associated with increased risk of stroke than MI Antibiotic use during young adulthood (age 20-39) was not significantly associated with elevated risk of CVD. Conclusions: Our results suggest greater duration of exposure to antibiotics in middle- and older adulthood may be related to an increased risk of future CVD, independent of traditional risk factors.
Distributed tree search and its application to alpha-beta pruning

We propose a parallel tree search algorithm based on the idea of tree-decomposition in which different processors search different parts of the tree. This generic algorithm effectively searches irregular trees using an arbitrary number of processors without shared memory or centralized control. The algorithm is independent of the particular type of tree search, such as single-agent or two-player game, and independent of any particular processor allocation strategy. Uniprocessor depth-first and breadth-first search are special cases of this generic algorithm. The algorithm has been implemented for alpha-beta search in the game of Othello on a 32-node Hypercube multiprocessor. The number of node evaluations grows approximately linearly with the number of processors P, resulting in an overall speedup for alpha-beta with random node ordering of P.75. Furthermore we present a novel processor allocation strategy, called Bound-and-Branch, for parallel alpha-beta search that achieves linear speedup in the case of perfect node ordering. Using this strategy, an actual speedup of 12 is obtained with 32 processors.
Glycan Reader is improved to recognize most sugar types and chemical modifications in the Protein Data Bank.

Motivation Glycans play a central role in many essential biological processes. Glycan Reader was originally developed to simplify the reading of Protein Data Bank (PDB) files containing glycans through the automatic detection and annotation of sugars and glycosidic linkages between sugar units and to proteins, all based on atomic coordinates and connectivity information. Carbohydrates can have various chemical modifications at different positions, making their chemical space much diverse. Unfortunately, current PDB files do not provide exact annotations for most carbohydrate derivatives and more than 50% of PDB glycan chains have at least one carbohydrate derivative that could not be correctly recognized by the original Glycan Reader. Results Glycan Reader has been improved and now identifies most sugar types and chemical modifications (including various glycolipids) in the PDB, and both PDB and PDBx/mmCIF formats are supported. CHARMM-GUI Glycan Reader is updated to generate the simulation system and input of various glycoconjugates with most sugar types and chemical modifications. It also offers a new functionality to edit the glycan structures through addition/deletion/modification of glycosylation types, sugar types, chemical modifications, glycosidic linkages, and anomeric states. The simulation system and input files can be used for CHARMM, NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, GENESIS, LAMMPS, Desmond, OpenMM, and CHARMM/OpenMM. Glycan Fragment Database in GlycanStructure.Org is also updated to provide an intuitive glycan sequence search tool for complex glycan structures with various chemical modifications in the PDB. Availability and implementation http://www.charmm-gui.org/input/glycan and http://www.glycanstructure.org. Contact wonpil@lehigh.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Implementation of Adaptive Filters Using Residue Number Systems

Abstract Implementation of adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filters using residue number is presented. Earlier, Jenkins and his co-workers have considered implementation of IIR filters with fixed coefficients, and Soderstrand has implemented an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Here, we extend the earlier work to the adaptive IIR filter. An output and equation error adaptive identification algorithm which has been shown by Johnson to be convergent at low convergence rates is used. Residue arithmetic decomposes the arithmetic operations which are well suited for high speed ROM table look-up, for computations on parallel microcomputers, or for special computer architectures involving only shift registers and adders.
Teaching Fraud and Abuse Law: Seeing Both the Forest and the Trees

How can you effectively teach health care fraud and abuse, in light of the highly complex and ever-changing requirements? How can you ensure that students do more than simply skim the surface, without overwhelming them with information that is likely to undergo significant changes by the time they enter practice? To do so requires a combination of factors: an honest awareness of both the school’s and the professor’s own limitations; a focus on familiarizing students with the underlying goals and approaches of the anti-fraud legal framework rather than simply inundating them with details; a teaching methodology that encourages students, when possible, to apply what they learn to real-life examples; and, above all, a commitment to teaching students an overall approach to fraud and abuse issues.
Phase control for a legged microrobot operating at resonance

We present an off-board phase estimator and controller for leg position near the resonance of the Harvard Ambulatory MicroRobot's (HAMR) two degree-of-freedom transmission. This control system is a first step towards leveraging the significant increase in stride length at transmission resonance for faster and more efficient locomotion. We experimentally characterize HAMR's transmission and determine that actuator phase is a sufficient proxy for leg phase across the range of useful operating frequencies (1–120Hz). An estimator is developed to determine actuator phase using off-board position sensors and it converges within a cycle on average. We also fit a nonlinear dynamic model of the transmission to the experimental data, and utilize the model to determine a suitable open-loop resonant leg trajectory and define feed forward control inputs. This resonant (100Hz) trajectory is theoretically 50% more efficient than pre-resonant high speed running trajectories. The controller converges to this trajectory in 0.05 ± 0.02 seconds (5.3 ± 2.4 cycles) in air, and in 0.05 ± 0.01 seconds (4.7 ± 0.6 cycles) under perturbations that approximate ground contact.
P4.38 “i met him on jack’d” – exploring hiv risk perceptions and risk mitigation strategies of young black msm meeting sex partners on geosocial networking apps“

Introduction Young Black MSM (YBMSM) continue to experience HIV disparities in the US. Increasingly evidence suggests these disparities are perpetuated by exposure to sexual networks with higher HIV incidence and untreated prevalence. In Baltimore, there is high use of geosocial networking (GSN) apps to meet sex partners among newly diagnosed HIV-infected YBMSM, yet little is known about how they navigate these potentially risky environments. We interviewed app users to explore perceptions of and strategies to mitigate HIV risk in these spaces. Methods We actively recruited YBMSM (n=17) age 18–24 (mean=21.5/SD=1.8) from the most frequently reported GSN-app among new MSM HIV cases in Baltimore. Participants were recruited by direct messaging while logged-on in high HIV transmission venues or census tracts identified using surveillance and community viral load data. Participants completed 60–90 min in-depth interviews which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed using categorical analysis including a 3-stage analytic coding strategy and were double-coded until consistency was achieved. Results Participants perceived a high risk of acquiring HIV from partners met on the app but also described strategies they felt mitigated those risk. Some participants described direct sexual health communication with potential partners – often involving a discussion of HIV status. A second more commonly described strategy was to presume a potential partner was safe or not safe based on social cues or profile characteristics. The third strategy involved limiting numbers of partners or limiting sex to activities believed to involve less HIV risk. Conclusion Sexual networks are an important driver of HIV risk among YBMSM and GSN apps are increasingly becoming a central node in these networks. We found that young men are aware of their risk while navigating these social spaces, but may be using ineffective strategies to mitigate those risk. Future research examining strategies to reach youth in these spaces to help them make healthier sexual connexions is needed.
Upping the Ante: Enhancing Deal Value

Organizations decide to sell their business units for a variety of reasons, including: Turning strategic focus back to the core business Increasing shareholder value Generating funds for other priorities Reducing overall risk
Prehospital Lactate Predicts Need for Resuscitative Care in Non-hypotensive Trauma Patients.

Introduction: The prehospital decision of whether to triage a patient to a trauma center can be difficult. Traditional decision rules are based heavily on vital sign abnormalities, which are insensitive in predicting severe injury. Prehospital lactate (PLac) measurement could better inform the triage decision. PLac’s predictive value has previously been demonstrated in hypotensive trauma patients but not in a broader population of normotensive trauma patients transported by an advanced life support (ALS) unit. Methods: This was a secondary analysis from a prospective cohort study of all trauma patients transported by ALS units over a 14-month period. We included patients who received intravenous access and were transported to a Level I trauma center. Patients with a prehospital systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg were excluded. We measured PLac’s ability to predict the need for resuscitative care (RC) and compared it to that of the shock index (SI). The need for RC was defined as either death in the emergency department (ED), disposition to surgical intervention within six hours of ED arrival, or receipt of five units of blood within six hours. We calculated the risk associated with categories of PLac. Results: Among 314 normotensive trauma patients, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for PLac predicting need for RC was 0.716, which did not differ from that for SI (0.631) (p=0.125). PLac ≥ 2.5 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 74.6% and a specificity of 53.4%. The odds ratio for need for RC associated with a 1-mmol/L increase in PLac was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.40 – 4.12]) for PLac < 2.5 mmol/L; 2.27 (1.10 – 4.68) for PLac from 2.5 to 4.0 mmol/L; and 1.26 (1.05 – 1.50) for PLac ≥ 4 mmol/L. Conclusion: PLac was predictive of need for RC among normotensive trauma patients. It was no more predictive than SI, but it has certain advantages and disadvantages compared to SI and could still be useful. Prospective validation of existing triage decision rules augmented by PLac should be investigated.
Photoluminescence Study of Amorphous InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors

The defects within optical gap of the amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) before and after bias temperature stress (BTS) are studied using in situ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. After applying positive BTS, the TFT threshold voltage (Vth) increased, and intensity of deep-level PL emission peak at 1.82 eV became stronger. The exact opposite is observed when negative BTS is applied. Both the 250-nm bulk a-IGZO film and 50-nm channel region TFT show the same PL peak locations of 3.35 and 1.82 eV. From the measured results and density of state model of a-IGZO, the radiative recombination between electrons trapped in oxygen-related acceptor-like states and holes in the valence band is responsible for the deep-level PL emission. This method of measuring the PL response within the TFT channel region could be used as a tool to evaluate the quality of a-IGZO TFT manufacturing processes.
Online Health-Information Seeking Among Older Populations: Family Influences and the Role of the Medical Professional

There are myriad technological devices, computer programs, and online information sources available for people to manage their health and the health of others. However, people must be technologically and health literate and capable of accessing, analyzing, and sharing the information they encounter. The authors interviewed middle-aged and older adults about their online health information seeking behavior and discovered that technology and health literacy are influenced by a collective ability to manage the health and technological needs of a family. We used information management theory to frame participants' experiences of their self-efficacy using technology to manage the health of loved ones. Findings suggest that health can be co-managed if at least one person in a family unit is technologically "savvy" and able to effectively share health information. However, individuals' confidence in their own literacy often depends on others, usually family members who tend to "do" instead of "teach."
The role of diversification in community assembly of the oaks (Quercus L.) across the continental U.S.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Evolutionary and biogeographic history, including past environmental change and diversification processes, are likely to have influenced the expansion, migration, and extinction of populations, creating evolutionary legacy effects that influence regional species pools and the composition of communities. We consider the consequences of the diversification process in shaping trait evolution and assembly of oak-dominated communities throughout the continental United States (U.S.). METHODS Within the U.S. oaks, we tested for phylogenetic and functional trait patterns at different spatial scales, taking advantage of a dated phylogenomic analysis of American oaks and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA). KEY RESULTS We find (1) phylogenetic overdispersion at small grain sizes throughout the U.S. across all spatial extents and (2) a shift from overdispersion to clustering with increasing grain sizes. Leaf traits have evolved in a convergent manner, and these traits are clustered in communities at all spatial scales, except in the far west, where species with contrasting leaf types co-occur. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypotheses that (1) interspecific interactions were important in parallel adaptive radiation of the genus into a range of habitats across the continent and (2) that the diversification process is a critical driver of community assembly. Functional convergence of complementary species from distinct clades adapted to the same local habitats is a likely mechanism that allows distantly related species to coexist. Our findings contribute to an explanation of the long-term maintenance of high oak diversity and the dominance of the oak genus in North America.
Equal oxygen delivery may not result in equal oxygen consumption.

This communication presents our recent modeling and experimental study on the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and delivery rate. Oxygen consumption rate \((\dot{\text{V}}\text{o}_{2})\) by an organ is regarded to represent its tissue O2 metabolic rate. Under steady state, \((\dot{\text{V}}\text{o}_{2})\) is usually determined from the product of blood flow rate and the arteriovenous O2 concentration difference across the organ. Oxygen delivery rate \((\dot{\text{D}}\text{o}_{2})\) is defined as the product of arterial O2 concentration and blood flow rate. Numerous investigations of the relationship between \((\dot{\text{D}}\text{o}_{2})\) and \((\dot{\text{V}}\text{o}_{2})\) have been reported. Many of these studies were related to the biphasic supply-dependent O2 consumption concept for tissue hypoxia determina-tion[1][2]. The biphasic concept states that, for a given energy demand by the tissue, a plot of \((\dot{\text{V}}\text{o}_{2})\) versus \((\dot{\text{D}}\text{o}_{2})\) displays two distinct regions (or phases). In one region, \((\dot{\text{V}}\text{o}_{2})\) remains constant regardless of changes in \((\dot{\text{D}}\text{o}_{2})\). When \((\dot{\text{D}}\text{o}_{2})\) declines below a threshold value (the “critical \((\dot{\text{D}}\text{o}_{2})\)”), \((\dot{\text{V}}\text{o}_{2})\) becomes an approximately linear function of \((\dot{\text{D}}\text{o}_{2})\).
Rhizopus oryzae: Genetic Secrets of an Emerging Human Pathogen

Rhizopus oryzae is a zygomycetous fungus with both commercial and medical importance. It has been exploited for centuries for its fermentation capabilities and has also been harnessed commercially for its ability to produce a number of important organic compounds. Unfortunately, R. oryzae is also an important and growing human fungal pathogen that is capable of causing fatal infections. The recently completed genome sequence has provided some explanations for the dual importance of this fungus as both a pathogen and commercial asset. Basic research on R. oryzae at the molecular level has made steady progress and some important contributions have been made because of this research into the areas of both strain improvement and disease management. Continued progress is needed and new investigators entering the field are required in order to continue advancing what we know about this fungus.
Using eDNA, sediment subfossils, and zooplankton nets to detect invasive spiny water flea ( Bythotrephes longimanus )

In light of the ongoing spread and adverse impacts of invasive species, there is an urgent need to develop more effective monitoring and management strategies. Such efforts are constrained by our limited capacity to efficiently detect invasive species. Here, we present the case of Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny water flea) invasion into Wisconsin lakes. Detecting Bythotrephes has proven to be challenging due to its capacity to persist at low densities and its highly seasonal population dynamics. We use Bythotrephes to explore detection using three monitoring methods: zooplankton net tows, environmental DNA (eDNA), and sampling of Bythotrephes tail spine subfossils in sediments. Detection probabilities were highly seasonal for both the net tow and eDNA sampling methods—though detections occurred one to two weeks earlier in net tows—and seasonal targeting substantially improved detection by both methods. Conversely, Bythotrephes spine subfossils were found in all 10 lakes with confirmed Bythotrephes populations and in all five samples taken from each lake, except for a single lake where four of the five samples had subfossils. This method was insensitive to seasonally varying population densities as sediments integrate over variation in population densities. In this case, detection and abundance estimation were well covered by sediments and zooplankton nets, respectively, and eDNA provided little additional benefit to surveillance. Our work highlights the importance of choosing methods that address both species life history and monitoring objectives when designing surveillance programs.
Negative-Stiffness Inclusions as a Platform for Real-Time Tunable Phononic Metamaterials

Tunable phononic metamaterials, which change their response to elastic wave propagation upon actuation, have important applications in cloaking, wave guiding, active noise reduction, superlensing, and acoustic mirrors. Most systems either require substantial morphological changes for actuation, or exhibit only high-frequency band gaps. The authors present a framework for developing tunable phononic metamaterials with low-frequency band gaps, using negative-stiffness inclusions in an elastic matrix, and demonstrate two implementations of this concept. The designs are robust and achieve substantial band-gap manipulation, without elastic instability or significant structural changes.
In situ observation of material flow in composite media under shock compression

When a shock wave enters a heterogeneous material, local differences in density and compressibility drive pressure and velocity gradients which can be nearly as sharp as the incident shock. Subsequent momentum equilibration is comparatively slow, relying on shock reverberation, particle collisions, and shear flow. The latter phenomenon depends on constitutive behavior that is often poorly known and so the process can be problematic to simulate. This is compounded by the fact that conventional diagnostics, such as velocimetry, blend the response of both phases and provide only a homogenized comparison for modeling efforts. For these reasons, we have collected spatially resolved and phase-specific measurements on a model particulate composite using in situ synchrotron-based radiography. This revealed the post-shock internal motion, including nanosecond resolution measurement of the metal particles' trajectories and snapshots of the flow field within the polymer. Comparing this data to analytical and numerical predictions allowed the polymer's shear response to be inferred. The resulting constitutive model was then used in conjunction with direct numerical simulations to demonstrate the physical origins of the observed bulk composite response.
The duality of glm|n and glk Gaudin models

Abstract We establish a duality of the non-periodic Gaudin model associated with superalgebra gl m | n and the non-periodic Gaudin model associated with algebra gl k . The Hamiltonians of the Gaudin models are given by expansions of a Berezinian of an ( m + n ) × ( m + n ) matrix in the case of gl m | n and of a column determinant of a k × k matrix in the case of gl k . We obtain our results by proving Capelli type identities for both cases and comparing the results.
La audaz intelectualidad afro de Teófilo Potes

espanolTeofilo Roberto Potes es una figura clave en la historia del Pacifico colombiano, pero poco se aprecian su importancia y complejidad hoy en dia. El presente articulo sugiere que la vida y obra de Potes ameritan reconsiderarse hoy. Utilizando fuentes orales de sus discipulos, fuentes primarias y una ignorada publicacion de el mismo; y contextualizandolos en su momento, se reconstruye la biografia de Potes y se esbozan los principales elementos de su pensamiento. Asi se da cuenta de la importancia de un personaje que, incluso mas alla de ser el primero en valorizar y mostrar la cultura afropacifica, da luces de un concepto de la intelectualidad afro, de la herencia africana, del contenido politico de la cultura y de una radical horizontalidad entre lo occidental y lo afropacifico, para considerar en la coyuntura actual. EnglishTeofilo Roberto Potes is a central figure in the history of the Colombian Pacific region, but his importance and complexity are poorly understood today. The present article suggests that Potes’ life and work merit reconsideration today. By using oral histories of his students, primary sources, and an unknown publication of Potes himself, and by contextualizing them in their moment, the article reconstructs Potes’ biography and sketches the principal elements of his thought. In that way, it traces the importance of a person who, even beyond being the first one to valorize and reveal the Afro-Pacific culture, demonstrates a concept of the African heritage, of the political component of culture, of being a black intellectual, and of the radical horizontality of the Western and Afro-Pacific worlds to be considered in the present historical conjuncture.
Employee Testing, Tracing, and Disclosure as a Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to devastate the United States, the federal government has largely failed to implement a national program to prevent and contain the virus. As a result, many employers have undertaken their own workplace coronavirus mitigation efforts. This essay examines, in three parts, the legal framework surrounding employer systems of workplace testing, tracing, and disclosure. It first examines the legal issues surrounding employer-mandated COVID-19 testing and temperature checks, especially issues arising under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Regarding employer contact tracing efforts, the essay next reviews the multitude of new digital tools and applications designed to aid in contact tracing and how these may implicate various state and federal privacy laws. Finally, the essay looks into employer disclosure of employee infections, including legal ramifications under the ADA, HIPAA, and other privacy laws. Our conclusion: employer testing, tracing, and disclosure programs are legally feasible but require careful planning and execution to protect employee privacy interests.
The Design and Implementation of a Scalable Deep Learning Benchmarking Platform

The current Deep Learning (DL) landscape is fast-paced and is rife with non-uniform models, hardware/software (HW/SW) stacks. Currently, there is no DL benchmarking platform to facilitate the evaluation and comparison of DL innovations, be it models, frameworks, libraries, or hardware. As a result, the current practice of evaluating the benefits of proposed DL innovations is both arduous and error-prone - stifling the adoption of the innovations. In this work, we first identify 10 design features that are desirable within a DL benchmarking platform. These features include: performing the evaluation in a consistent, reproducible, and scalable manner, being framework and hardware agnostic, supporting real-world benchmarking workloads, providing in-depth model execution inspection across the HW/SW stack levels, etc. We then propose MLModelScope, a DL benchmarking platform that realizes these 10 design objectives. MLModelScope introduces a specification to define DL model evaluations and provides a runtime to provision the evaluation workflow using the user-specified HW/SW stack. MLModelScope defines abstractions for frameworks and supports the board range of DL models and evaluation scenarios. We implement MLModelScope as an open-source project with support for all major frameworks and hardware architectures. Through MLModelScope's evaluation and automated analysis workflows, we perform a case-study analysis of 37 models across 4 systems and show how model, hardware, and framework selection affects model accuracy and performance under different benchmarking scenarios. We further demonstrate how MLModelScope's tracing capability gives a holistic view of model execution and helps pinpoint bottlenecks.
Clinical characterization of primary hyperoxaluria type 3 in comparison to types 1 and 2: a retrospective cohort study.

Background Primary hyperoxaluria type 3 (PH3) is caused by mutations in the HOGA1 gene. PH3 patients often present with recurrent urinary stone disease (USD) in first decade of life, but prior reports suggested PH3 may have a milder phenotype in adults. The current study characterized clinical manifestations of PH3 across the decades of life in comparison to PH1 and PH2. Methods Clinical information was obtained from the Rare Kidney Stone Consortium Primary Hyperoxaluria Registry (PH1 n = 384; PH2 n = 51; PH3 n = 62). Results PH3 patients presented with symptoms at a median 2.7 yrs old compared to PH1 (4.9 yrs) and PH2 (5.7 yrs) (p = 0.14). Nephrocalcinosis was present at diagnosis in 4 (7%) PH3 patients while 55 (89%) had stones. Median urine oxalate excretion was lowest in PH3 patients compared to PH1 and PH2 (1.1 vs 1.6 and 1.5 mmol/day/1.73m2, respectively, p Conclusions Patients with all forms of PH experience lifelong stone events often beginning in childhood. Kidney failure is common in PH1 but rare in PH3. Longer term follow up of larger cohorts will be important for a more complete understanding of the PH3 phenotype.
Will Formalities in Louisiana: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Louisiana’s form requirements for wills are a curious amalgam of civil and common law rules. Although the current law, which provides that a will may be executed in either olographic or notarial form, was premised upon good intentions and designed with the goal of simplicity in mind, the current state of affairs has regrettably resulted in law that is artificially and unnecessarily complex and rigid. It is a unique Louisiana product that has crystalized in the law and, in practice, results in many unnecessary intestacies today. It is time for reform. This Article dissects each of the individual requirements necessary for the making of a will in Louisiana with a goal not only of descriptive assessment but also of ascertaining whether each requirement is still necessary. This Article suggests that many — perhaps most — of the current form requirements for wills should be reconsidered, and it is hoped that this Article will provide a basis for discussion of future revision.
Counseling Women With Peripartum Cardiomyopathy About Subsequent Pregnancies

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially catastrophic form of heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction that develops during pregnancy or in the early postpartum period. After the initial diagnosis and treatment, many women desire another pregnancy; however, risks of a subsequent pregnancy need to be considered, as PPCM may lead to significant adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. The goal of this review is to provide information about risk stratification prior to subsequent pregnancy, strategies to mitigate the risk of subsequent pregnancy, and long-term maternal outcomes. The degree of myocardial recovery is currently the most effective predictor of heart failure relapse and adverse outcomes during a subsequent pregnancy. Women with persistent left ventricular systolic dysfunction have worse maternal and fetal outcomes during subsequent pregnancy. Pharmacologic options for the acute management of heart failure during pregnancy are limited to diuretics, beta-blockers, hydralazine, isosorbide dinitrate, and digoxin. After delivery, however, most guideline-directed heart failure medications can be used safely, including in women who are breastfeeding. Because of the risks of subsequent pregnancy, options for contraception should be discussed with women with PPCM. Finally, women with PPCM should be under the care of a multidisciplinary cardio-obstetrics team for preconception counseling and management during a subsequent pregnancy. An essential component of caring for women with PPCM includes detailed counseling about the risks of a subsequent pregnancy.