cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Fission Yeast Homolog of the Human Transcription Factor EAP30 Blocks Meiotic Spindle Pole Body Amplification

Summary Centrosome aberrations caused by misregulated centrosome maturation result in defective spindle and genomic instability. Here we report that the fission yeast homolog of the human transcription factor EAP30, Dot2, negatively regulates meiotic spindle pole body (SPB, the yeast equivalent of centrosome) maturation. dot2 mutants show excess electron-dense material accumulating near SPBs, which we refer to as aberrant microtubule organization centers (AMtOCs). These AMtOCs assemble multipolar spindles, leading to chromosome missegregation. SPB aberrations were associated with elevated levels of Pcp1, the fission yeast ortholog of pericentrin/kentrin, and reducing pcp1 + expression significantly suppressed AMtOCs in dot2-439 cells. Our findings, therefore, uncover meiosis-specific regulation of SPB maturation and provide evidence that a member of the conserved EAP30 family is required for maintenance of genome stability through regulation of SPB maturation. EAP30 is part of a transcription factor complex associated with acute myeloid leukemia, so these results may have relevance to human cancer.
New solvent for polyamides and its application to the electrospinning of polyamides 11 and 12

Polyamides with long hydrocarbon chains, e.g. PA11 and PA12, are generally dissolved in phenolic or fluoric solvents that prevent these polymers from being electrospun and used in many applications because of their high boiling point and/or prohibitive cost. We demonstrate that a mixture of formic acid and dichloromethane can lead to the dissolution of various polyamides enabling their subsequent electrospinning. Nanofibers and nanoribbons of 130 nm and greater in average diameter were obtained and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse models for dark interstellar clouds

Properties of self-consistent numerical hydrodynamic models are compared with observed properties of several dark clouds. The results are consistent with the view that these clouds are undergoing gravitational collapse. The clouds appear to have evolved from similar initial states and to have ages comparable to their free-fall times. Derived cloud masses range between 10 and 1000 solar masses, correlating with cloud size. The models reproduce observed cloud-to-cloud variations in the (C-13)O abundance, and they offer additional evidence that the (C-13)O abundance varies within individual clouds.
Psychiatric disorders in spouse caregivers of care recipients with Alzheimer's disease and matched controls: a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology

To test a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology, the authors examined the rates of current and lifetime psychiatric disorders in 82 spouse caregivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 86 demographically matched controls. Caregivers and controls did not differ in the prevalence of disorders before the onset of care recipients' AD (or during a similar time period for the controls); caregivers experienced more depressive-anxiety disorders after the onset of patient's AD than controls. This study strongly supported the 3 key components of a diathesis-stress interaction. First, caregivers with a psychiatric history prior to the onset of patient's AD were more likely than caregivers with no history to receive a diagnosis after the onset of AD. Second, a similar relationship existed for controls. Finally, caregivers with a psychiatric history were more likely to experience a recurrence after the onset of AD than controls with a psychiatric history. These findings indicate that the diathesis of psychiatric history and the stress of caregiving interact, resulting in the observed group differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.
Failure recovery mechanism caused by secondary defect

This paper addresses how an observed secondary defect could be induced during the failure analysis and caused the original failure mode to be recovered. Two cases studies will be presented with the systematic approach of Failure analysis and successful attempt of finding the original failure defect while extrapolating the data at the time of failure recovery. Understanding the working of the circuitry in question is necessary to trace the original failure.
ELECTROMAGNETIC PENETRATION THROUGH A SLOT IN A SCREEN COVERED BY A DIELECTRIC SLAB

ABSTRACT An Integro-differential equation is formulated for the problem of TM illumination of an infinite slot in a conducting screen situated between two dielectric slabs having different electromagnetic properties. Numerical results are given for the slot tangential electric field (or equivalent magnetic current) for selected cases where the slab exists only on the shadow side of the screen. Far-zone magnetic fields are computed by a method combining numerical and analytical techniques and are presented for several cases.
Metrics to evaluate treatment summaries and survivorship care plans: A scorecard

Purpose The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Commission on Cancer have called for provision of treatment summaries (TSs) and survivorship care plans (SCPs) at the end of primary cancer therapy and endorsed guidelines for content. Institutions are providing TS/SCPs but with little guidance concerning concordance with IOM recommended content. This manuscript presents a recently developed tool to allow rating of breast cancer-specific TS/SCPs as a model for assessing concordance with IOM recommendations and facilitating research and clinical fidelity.
Management history as told by popular culture: the screen image of the efficiency expert

This exploration of management history focuses on mass entertainment media to determine the history of the efficiency expert in popular culture. It reviews the history of the image of the efficiency expert in film and on American‐produced television programs. The review shows that this profession is a universal and pervasive one, permanently embedded in our culture and catholic in background, occupation and workplace. It is generally a man’s job. The most significant historical trend is a sharp change from the efficiency expert as an amusing and relatively harmless character to a malevolent one who is to be feared. Although television has only existed for about half as long as motion pictures, the depiction of the efficiency expert on TV is similar to his movie image. This widely recognized profession needs no introduction to the viewer. He is a negative figure, often laughed at but never admired.
The President and Congress

Mustered out after four years of service in the Union army Captain Oliver Wendell Holmes was back home in Boston. Presently he went out to call on his old philosopher friend at Concord. Emerson's conversation flowed on smoothly as he aired his transcendental abstractions of life and death, conscience and duty. The veteran of many a bitterly contested battle left convinced that Emerson was out of touch with reality. Battle experience had made Captain Holmes a stark realist who would henceforth translate life in terms of struggle. In 1872 Lord Justice Brett, under the Criminal Law Amendment of 1871, sentenced the London gas-stokers' leaders to prison for a year for merely preparing tu strike.1 Thereupon the act was condemned as class legislation, which criticism induced Holmes to expound his theory of legislation in a brief but illuminating article published in the American Law Review of which he was now editor.
2537 Å Mercury Photosensitization of Liquid Water

THE solubility of mercury in water is 0.32 µM at 25° C and 1.7 µM at 90° C (ref. 1). The dissolved mercury absorbs the 2537 A resonance line although not to the same extent as in the vapour phase due to the solvation broadening of its absorption band2. It has been shown that mercury-saturated liquid hydrocarbons will undergo photosensitization3–6 and the results of these investigations have been compared with those from high-energy radiolysis indicating that the process can be of value in the study of the behaviour of molecular fragments and excited states in the liquid. This communication reports some preliminary results in the photosensitization of liquid water and its application to the characterization of the intermediates involved in the radiolysis.
Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halocarbons on Porapak Q Porous Polymer Beads

Abstract Kovats retention indices can be used to characterize the gas chromatographic behavior of C1 and C2 halocarbons on Porapak Q. Within each series of halocarbons the retention index increases with chlorine content, decreases with fluorine and hydrogen content, and is directly proportional to molecular weight and boiling point. Substitution of a fluorine or a bromine atom for a chlorine atom in these compounds results in characteristic changes in the retention index. The heats of adsorption are in the neighborhood of the latent heats of vaporization for the compounds examined.
The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Sleep Disturbance and Dementia Family Caregiver Distress and Burden

The aim of this study was to determine whether distress and burden were associated with objective measures of sleep disturbance in dementia caregivers. Using wrist actigraphy, sleep was measured in 60 female, Caucasian dementia family caregivers (mean age, 64.8 years). Caregivers completed questionnaires about demographics, health, depression, duration of caregiving and care recipient nighttime behavior. Care recipients completed a mental status exam. We investigated whether these measures were associated with actigraphic sleep parameters. Greater depressive symptoms among caregivers were associated with poorer sleep efficiency. Older caregiver age and poorer self-rated health were associated with longer time in bed. Sleep disturbance, which is common among dementia caregivers, might be an important index of caregiver distress (ie, depression) but might not be associated with burden (based on the care recipient's general cognitive impairment or nighttime awakenings.)
Experiences with model-based controllers based on neural network process models

Abstract An earlier paper introduced the MANNIDENT (multivariable artificial neural network identification) approach to process modelling in which approximate linear models determine the topology and initial weights of a neural network and which provides a structure for interpretation of the final model. This paper introduces the MANNCON (multivariable artificial neural network control) system, in which these models are incorporated into model-based controllers. Designs using internal model control (IMC) and direct synthesis control (DSC) as well as a supervisory ANN-based controller are presented. These methods are applied to the task of controlling a non-isothermal CSTR in which a first-order exothermic reaction is occurring. The nonlinear ANN-based controllers perform much better than their linear counterparts in controlling the process over a wide range of conditions. Furthermore, the superivosyr ANN controller showed better robustness properties with respect to disturbance rejection and to plant-model mismatch than the other controllers studied.
Expression of the Alzheimer amyloid-promoting factor antichymotrypsin is induced in human astrocytes by IL-1

Abstract The amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease contain, in addition to the β protein (Aβ), lesser amounts of other proteins including the protease inhibitor α 1 -antichymotrypsin (ACT). We have recently shown that ACT acts as a pathological chaperone, binding to the β protein and strongly promoting its polymerization into amyloid filaments in vitro. The data of this paper show that ACT synthesis is induced in cultured human astrocytes by IL-1, a lymphokine whose expression is strongly up-regulated in microglial cells in affected areas of Alzheimer's disease brain. Furthermore, unfractionated glial cultures containing both astrocytes and microglia from human cortex (which develops amyloid in Alzheimer's disease) spontaneously express IL-1 and ACT as they reach confluence. In contrast, confluent mixed glial cultures similarly prepared from human cerebellum or brain stem, or from rat brain—tissues not prone to amyloid formation—do not express ACT unless supplemented with exogenous IL-1. The same regional difference in IL-1 expression by microglia is seen in vivo in Alzheimer's disease. These results indicate that the IL-1-induced expression of ACT may help direct the region-specific production of mature amyloid filaments in the Alzheimer brain.
Predator Responses to Sequestered Plant Toxins in Buckeye Caterpillars: Are Tritrophic Interactions Locally Variable?

Recent studies demonstrate that generalist insect herbivores may be more subject to predation than specialists and suggest that this pattern is related to the availability and utilization of plant-derived natural products in diets of the latter. This intuitively attractive hypothesis has seldom been tested under natural conditions, however. A well-described plant-insect system, the buckeye butterfly, Junonia coenia, and its iridoid glycoside-containing host plants, was used to test the hypotheses: (1) that larval sequestration of iridoids reduces predation in the field, and (2) that this protection varies among populations. Fifth-instars reared in the laboratory on leaves of two host-plant species, Kickxia elatine (Scrophulariaceae) or Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), or on artificial diets were attached to monofilament tethers and set out into four natural populations. Only larvae fed on the locally available host plant and artificial diet-fed caterpillars were used at each site. Despite high overall predation, significantly more leaf-fed caterpillars survived than did artificial diet-fed caterpillars in Plantago sites, but the trend was not significant in Kickxia sites. The results reflect the differences in iridoid glycoside availability in these two host-plant species. They indicate that predators exert a strong selective force on this insect, that sequestered iridoid glycosides can be effective deterrents to predation, and that host-plant choices by ovipositing females and feeding larvae have consequences for mortality from natural enemies. This protection, however, is not absolute, and depends on local predator abundance and/or selectivity. The ecological interactions between buckeye caterpillars, their host plants, and their natural enemies are locally variable in nature.
Determination of Authorship Credit in Published Dissertations

Assignment of publication credit in student—faculty collaborations was examined using vignettes. Three levels of advisor input into developing and conducting the research and two objectives (dissertation vs. nondegree research) were systematically varied to create six scenarios. As hypothesized, authorship credit increased with input, as it should; students were given more credit by faculty on published dissertations than on nondegree research; and second authorship for dissertation advisors was largely automatic, with more credit given to faculty than available guidelines recommend. Contrary to expectation, comparison of faculty and graduate student responses indicated that students were more generous to advisors than advisors were to themselves. Post hoc analyses suggested a cohort effect, with senior faculty giving greater credit to graduate students than did junior faculty.
Miscibility and phase behaviour in poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and poly(fluorostyrene-co-bromostyrene) blends

Abstract Copolymers of ortho(para) fluorostyrene and ortho(para) bromostyrene with a range of copolymer compositions were prepared by free radical polymerization in toluene solution using azobis(isobutyronitrile). The miscibility and phase behaviour of these copolymers in blends with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Of the four possible copolymer systems, miscibility was observed only for PPO/poly( o -fluorostyrene-co- p -bromostyrene) blends in which the copolymer contains between 11 and 73 mol% p -bromostyrene. High temperature phase separation in the miscible blends is a function of copolymer composition and of the thermal history. The results can be explained on the basis of the mean field theory of phase behaviour for homopolymer-copolymer systems.
Ethical Principles and Values of Health Care Reform

This paper covers 14 principles and values, rooted in the fundamental moral ideals of the American nation, that can guide policy decisions and choices about health care reform. They are useful not ...
Guanine nucleotide metabolism in a mutant strain of Escherichia coli with a temperature sensitive lesion in rRNA synthesis.

We have described a mutant of Escherichia coli (designated 2S142) which shows specific inhibition of rRNA synthesis at 42°C. ppGpp levels increase at the restrictive temperature, as expected. However, when the cells are returned to 30°C, rRNA synthesis resumes before ppGpp levels have returned to normal. Furthermore, when ppGpp levels are decreased by the addition of tetracycline or choramphenicol, rRNA synthesis does not resume at 42°C. Also, a derivative of 2S142 with a temperature-sensitive G factor (which cannot synthesize either protein or ppGpp at 42°C) shows identical kinetics of rRNA shut-off at 42°C as 2S142. Thus, the elevated ppGpp levels in this mutant do not appear to be directly responsible for the cessation of rRNA synthesis at 42°C.
The complementary role of computerized axial transmission tomography and radionuclide imaging of the brain.

Computerized axial transmission tomography and radionuclide imaging are complementary procedures, and the following recommendations are made as to their use. Where there is no real clinical suspicion of the intracranial disease, either modality can be used for "rule out" screening; the choice can frequently be made on the basis of which modality is cheaper or more quickly available. It should be remembered that "quicker" is often "cheaper." Total cost is determined, not only by the cost of the procedure, but also the per diem costs incurred in waiting for that procedure. Thus the more expensive modality may, in effect, be cheaper if delays are shorter. Screening of the elderly patient, particularly when atrophy or communicating hydrocephalus is of clinical concern, should be by the CT method because of its ability to visualize cerebrospinal fluid spaces. When clinical signs and symptoms point to intracranial abnormality, both modalities should be utilized. If either study done first is normal, use of the other modality is mandatory . When the first study is positive with pathognomonic findings for a specific disease, which totally explains the patient's neurologic problems, the second study need not be employed. Such examples might include the fresh cerebral hemorrhage demonstrated by CT imaging, the AV malformation defined by dynamic-static radionuclide imaging, or multifocal metastatic lesions defined by either. However, when the clinical picture is not totally and satisfactorily explained by the demonstrated disease, the other modality should also be employed. Under many circumstances, neither study will be so reliable, specific, and free of falsenegative or false-positive findings as to warrant ignoring the additional information potentially available from the other study.
Freeze-thaw-refreeze cycle to prepare lymphocytes for HLA antibody detection or tissue typing

Abstract Human lymphocytes stored in the frozen state may be thawed, placed on cytotoxicity plates, refrozen, rethawed and used for screening sera or tissue-typing of the cells. The simple procedure described uses only a −90 °C refrigerator for both freezing and storage of the cells. The technique permits a laboratory to collect a variety of cells over a long period, so that a set of test plates with cells from 10 to 20 donors can be prepared when a convenient number of donor cells are available. Also, the refrozen cells in cytotoxicity test plates may be warmed to the temperature of dry ice for 24 hr, returned to the refrigerator set at a slightly lower temperature, and at a later time, these cells may be thawed and used for serum screening. In view of these results, it appears possible to ship the refrozen cells from one laboratory to another using simple dry ice storage during the transfer. Negative reactions due to soluble antigens in the suspending sera can be obviated by washing out these sera and replacing them with medium 199 or alternatively, fetal calf serum can be used to replace the human serum in the suspending media.
General Sports Encyclopedias

“The family you can depend on — all year long.” That was the lead on an ad for the Books in Print “family” of R.R. Bowker. The acquisitions/reference librarian interested in obtaining a sports encyclopedia could raise an eyebrow at the claim. Of the seven titles listed in the bibliography to this article, titles taken from the 1981–82 Subject Guide to Books in Print under the heading SPORTS — DICTIONARIES, three are actually not in print. The o.p. titles are included in the discussion below because many libraries may either have one or more of them on the shelves or because they still might be obtainable. All went out of print over the year just past, and they might be findable in an infrequently weeded bookstore or secondhand shop. But to further reduce the choice of the four still in print, one, the Encyclopaedia of Sport, while of historic interest (see the discussion of that title below), should not be consulted by anyone looking for up‐to‐date information.
Implementation Considerations in Enabling Visually Impaired Musicians to Read Sheet Music Using a Tablet

In this paper, we present the issues to be addressed and the practical solutions to these issues in a mobile application framework for reading and displaying musical scores enhanced to assist the visually impaired in reading and perform the pieces. This framework, currently operating on MusicXML input files, provides the structures and methods for developers to adapt for other music encoding file formats. It also provides the flexible user-settable colors and enlargement parameters to meet the needs of users with various visual impairments. The development challenges fall into three categories: Variable visual impairment driven requirements, Musical notation complexity, and screen real-estate limitations of a 10-inch tablet. The framework's practical solutions to each of these challenges are presented and contrasted with traditional solutions and competing solutions.
A theoretical model for the elevated temperature deformation of dispersion hardened metals.

A theoretical model is presented to describe the elevated temperature (above 1/2Tm@#@) deforma-tion of dispersion hardened metals such as TD-nickel and SAP alloys. The model is based on two proposals: 1) Both dislocation glide and climb are influenced by matrix stresses at small, incoherent, second phase dispersed particles produced by surface tension effects at the particle-matrix interface. 2) Two concurrent processes may contribute to the elevated temperature deformation of polycrystalline dispersion hardened metals, dislocation motion and diffusion controlled grain boundary sliding. The model may explain the origins of high apparent activation enthalpies and large stress sensitivities which have been observed in dispersion hardened metals. It may also provide guidelines for optimization of elevated temperature strength.
Strategy Changes as a Response to Alterations in Tax Policy

This study examines how firms in the pharmaceutical industry responded to the R&D tax credit which was enacted in 1981. The change in research intensity (research/sales) subsequent to the tax change was estimated for the firms. An increase in research intensity was associated with the adoption of the tax credit. The strong response by the firms to the tax credit and the effort to maintain their relative position in research intensity indicate that research intensity is an important strategic dimension and driving force in the industry.
Maximum a-posteriori probability 3-D surface reconstruction using multiple intensity images directly

Reconsiructing 3D surfaces using multiple intensity-images is an important problem in computer vision. Most approaches for this problem require either finding the 2D features correspondence or estimating the optical flow first. The probabilistic model-based approach shown in this paper utilizes the intensity data directly (i.e., no feature extraction) for reconstructing 3D surfaces without first solving the correspondence problem or estimating optical flow explicitly. We model 3D objects as surface patches where each patch is described as a function known up to the values of a few parameters. Surface reconstruction is then treated as the problem of parameter estimation based on two or more images taken by a moving camera. By constructing the likelihood function for the surface parameters and modeling prior knowledge about 3D surfaces with a Markov random field, we are able to compute the maximum posterior probability 3D surface reconstruction based on the observed images. This paper presents some experimental results based on a sequence of intensity images taken by a moving camera. Our approach has the advantages of: (i) directly estimating shape for surface patches, thus making object recognition simpler; (ii) formally incorporating prior knowledge about 3D surfaces; (iii) being highly parallel in required computation, hence promising for real-time operation; (iv) producing optimal accuracy in a probabilistic sense; (v) being algorithmically simple; (vi) being robust with real data.
Uterine didelphys and occult spinal dysraphism: an unusual case

This report describes a case of uterine didelphys, lipomeningocele, meatal stenosis, and inguinal hernia presenting in a single individual. This unusual group of birth defects suggests a common mechanism of malformation in tailbud maturation which involves both the mullerian duct and the distal spinal cord.
Spectral Response of Certain Stored-Product Insects to Electromagnetic Radiation

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the spectral response of seven species of stored-product insects. Nine wavebands of radiation between 280.4 mµ and 600.0 were used for the tests. Four species preferred a waveband which peaked near 500 mµ and one a waveband between 334 to 365 mµ. Another species showed no preference but generally migrated to the light for all wavelengths between 334 and 546 mµ. The seventh species showed insufficient reaction to be conclusive. Additional studies showed that males were generally attracted in greater numbers than females. The reaction of all tested species of insects was increased significantly by an increase in intensity. In general, no change in waveband preference was indicated as the intensity was increased.
Moderating influences of hypnotic susceptibility on signal-detection task performance

This study investigated the differential influence of hypnotic susceptibility level on signal detection task (SDT) performance in waking and hypnotic conditions. As assessed by the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS: A) and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS: C), 20 high (9–12), 20 medium (4–8), and 20 low (0–3) hypnotizables participated. In counterbalanced conditions of waking and hypnosis, Ss (Subjects) were given 36 signal detection trials, consisting of 12 strong signals, 12 weak signals, and 12 “no” signals. No differences were observed in the waking condition between low, medium, and high hypnotizables on strong and weak signal trials. In hypnosis, high hypnotizables exhibited significantly superior performance on the strong signal trials in comparison with low hypotizables, and performed significantly better on the weak signal trials than did the low and medium hypnotizables. Low and medium hypnotizables performed similarly in waking and hypnotic conditions, while high hypnotizables showed significant enhancements in performance for strong and weak signal trials during hypnosis.
Inactivation of microbiological activity of crystalline vitamin B12 by reducing agents.

Summary and conclusionWhen a solution of crystalline vit. B12 was subjected to a series of reducing agents between pH 4 and 7, at which range this vitamin is stable, a marked loss of the microbiological activity occurred. This loss of microbiological activity can be attributed to the reducing power of the agents, but is not necessarily related to the disappearance of the intensity of the red color. Our preliminary data also demonstrate that the destruction of the microbiological activity was not accompanied by the destruction to an equal extent of the APF activity.The authors are indebted to Dr. A. Langlykke of E. R. Squibb and Sons for some of the microbiological assays of vit. B12.
Cost-effectiveness of the bird's nest filter for preventing pulmonary embolism among patients with malignant brain tumors and deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities

Patients with malignant brain tumors and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities are at high risk of developing pulmonary embolism (PE). We developed a Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of two strategies to prevent PE in such patients: intra-vena-caval bird's nest filter (BNF) with anticoagulation versus anticoagulation alone. Using the benchmark of 50,000 US dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), BNF was not cost-effective in this population as it reduced the rate of PE at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 198,852 dollars per QALY gained. However, after adjusting the model to reflect the 5-year mortality rate of hypothetical breast cancer patients, BNF was more effective and less expensive than anticoagulation alone. BNF was effective in reducing the rate of PE but was not cost-effective for patients with brain tumors. BNF could be cost-effective for patients with longer life expectancies.
Differential effects of vitamin D receptor activators on vascular calcification in uremic rats

Vascular calcification is associated with cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with CKD are treated with vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs); therefore, we determined if this treatment affects vascular calcification. Uremic rats were given vehicle, calcitriol, paricalcitol, or doxercalciferol three times a week for 1 month. Calcitriol significantly increased the serum calcium–phosphate product and aortic calcium content. Paricalcitol had no effect but the same dose of doxercalciferol significantly increased the calcium–phosphate product and the aortic calcium content, the latter being confirmed by von Kossa staining. To see if the increased aortic calcium was due to an increased serum calcium–phosphate product or to a differential effect of the two VDRAs, we lowered the dose of doxercalciferol and increased the dose of paricalcitol. A lower doxercalciferol did not increase the calcium–phosphate product but increased the aortic calcium content. A higher dose of paricalcitol still had no effect. Doxercalciferol treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression of the bone-related markers Runx2 and osteocalcin in the aorta, whereas paricalcitol did not. Hence, different VDRAs have different effects on vascular calcification in uremic rats. The effects are independent of the serum calcium–phosphate product suggesting independent mechanisms.
Influence of the pile shape on wind erosion CFD emission simulation

When designing an open storage system for bulk material like coal or iron ore, operational and investment parameters are to be considered. Those inputs are always managed by engineers and prolific literature can be found. But entering into environmental parameters like wind erosion, few methodologies are available, US EPA being one of the most extensive. This source is focused on certain conditions of wind direction, pile shape, etc. what sometimes are not matching the most interesting way of storing the material: area restrictions, stacking means, etc. Based on state of the art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, in this case we have used ANSYS CFX 5.7., modelling system was developed and compared to EPA results for conical and oval with flattop piles. After adjusting the calculation process and selecting the most effective variables, the semicircular shape was studied finding that for the same amount of material stored, lower emissions and wind erosions are to be expected; however depending on wind direction higher values of friction per surface unit are found but due to its higher volume of storage per square metre, the balance is positive to the semicircular pile.
A novel approach to laser tomography

By combining near-infrared intensity-modulated illumination with frequency domain detection methods, we have obtained the first detailed optical images of thick tissues (1–3 cm). The raw data of these images are characterized by millimetre resolution and high contrast. The method employs a pulsed laser coupled to a cross-correlation frequency domain detection scheme. The near-infrared imaging method is non-invasive and inexpensive, uses non-ionizing radiation and is potentially fast enough for real-time imaging in the seconds time range. In the frequency domain, diffusional wave optics provides the framework for a description of the light propagation in tissues. Our approach results in a theoretically and experimentally simple way to exploit the advantages of time resolution in optical imaging of inhomogeneous highly scattering materials. At any given modulation frequency, the light wavefront advances at constant velocity in a spherical wave. Objects with scattering or absorption coefficients that are different from the surrounding medium cause a deformation of the propagating wavefront that can be accurately measured using frequency domain detection methods. The visualization (on a computer screen) of these wavefront deformations provides a projection of the interior's image.
A comparative study on the performance of MIMO MRC systems with and without cochannel interference

This paper presents exact closed-form expressions for the performance of multiple-input/multiple-output systems employing maximal ratio combining in the absence and presence of cochannel interference. The results are applicable to systems operating over Rayleigh fading channels, and in which the minimum number of antenna elements at the transmitter and receiver is two. The mathematical formalism is illustrated by some numerical examples which study the effects of various parameters on the system performance.
New concept in precision dowels

A new type of dowel pin facilitates all indirect impression technics commonly used in restorative dentistry. Auxiliary personnel can be taught how to place a dowel pin accurately to eliminate problems of inaccurate pin placement.
Three-dimensional nonlinear statics of pipelaying using condensation in an incremental finite element algorithm

Abstract The problem of static, nonlinear three-dimensional deformation of pipelaying used in construction and installation of underwater pipelines is studied within the limits of small strain theory. The mathematical model consists of the pipeline model and geometric constraints imposed by the seabed and the lay vessel in stinger or J-type pipelaying. The pipeline is modeled as a thin-walled, slender, extensible or inextensible tubular beam-column. It is subject to gravity, lateral friction from the seabed, nonlinear three-dimensional deformation dependent hydrodynamic loads, torsion and distributed moments, varying axial tension, and internal and external static fluid forces. The problem is solved numerically by developing a nonlinear incremental finite element algorithm which features condensation and principles of contact mechanics. Condensation is used along with the geometric constraints to formulate a condensed problem which produces reaction forces. Strong nonlinearities present in the model are handled by an incremental finite element approach. The developed computer code is used to study stinger pipelaying for various stinger configurations, investigate the effect of water depth, and compare stinger to J-type pipelaying in deep water.
Electronic structure and magnetic coupling in copper oxide superconductors.

The electronic structure and magnetic coupling in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ have been analyzed using the results of all-valence-electron calculations for (${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{11}$${)}^{18\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, (${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$${)}^{16\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and (${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{20}$${)}^{32\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ clusters, and their p- and n-doped variants, embedded in a Madelung potential to represent the crystal environment. The calculations employ the semiempirical incomplete neglect of differential overlap (INDO) method, which is parametrized on the basis of atomic and molecular spectroscopic data, but which makes use of no data from copper oxide materials. The energies of the low-lying cluster spin states are fitted to a Heisenberg Hamiltonian and yield values of J (134 meV for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and 117 meV for ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$) in close agreement with experiment. The evaluation of J can be compactly represented in terms of the parameters (t, U, and V) of a one-band Hamiltonian that controls resonance among covalent and ionic valence-bond structures. The resonance mixing is achieved by configuration interaction (CI) among valence-band structures defined in terms of localized molecular orbitals (LMO's) obtained from self-consistent field (SCF) INDO calculations. P doping is found to involve strong hybridization of the 2p\ensuremath{\sigma} orbitals of the in-plane oxygen ions and the 3${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{y}}^{2}$ orbitals of the Cu ions, and the resulting holes are predominantly (\ensuremath{\sim}60%) located in the 2p\ensuremath{\sigma} orbitals. The lowest-energy n-doped cluster states involve addition of electrons to the 4s/4p Cu atom manifolds. However, the separation of these states from low-spin (3${\mathit{d}}^{10}$) alternatives is uncertain because of apparent sensitivity to the representation of the crystal potential, as found by Martin.
Heat Transfer in Rotating Rectangular Channels with V-Shaped and Angled Ribs

An experimental study was performed to measure the regionally averaged heat-transfer distributions in a rotating ribbed channel with an aspect ratio of 4:1. The Reynolds number, based on hydraulic diameter, varies from 5 × 10 3 to 40 × × 10 3 . The rotation number ranges from 0 to 0.3, and the inlet coolant-to-wall density ratio (∆ρ/ρ )i smaintained around 0.122. Six different configurations of ribs, oriented at an angle of 45 deg to the direction of flow, are placed on both the leading and trailing surfaces: 1) parallel V-shaped ribs without gaps, 2) staggered V-shaped ribs without gaps, 3) parallel V-shaped ribs with gaps, 4) parallel angled ribs without gaps, 5) staggered angled ribs without gaps, and 6) parallel angled ribs with gaps. The rib-height-to-hydraulic-diameter ratio (e/Dh )i s0.078, and the rib-pitch-to-height ratio (P/e )i s10. The channel orientation with respect to the plane of rotation is 135 deg. The results show that the V-shaped rib configuration produces more heat-transfer enhancement than the angled rib configurations. It is also shown that there is only a negligible difference between the heat-transfer enhancement due to the staggered V-shaped ribs without gaps and the enhancement due to the parallel V-shaped ribs without gaps. The same is true for the staggered and parallel angled ribs without gaps. Also, the parallel V-shaped ribs without gaps produce more heat-transfer enhancement than the V-shaped ribs with gaps, whereas the parallel angled ribs with gaps produce more heat-transfer enhancement than the angled ribs without gaps. Finally, rotation further increases the heat transfer from all surfaces above that of the stationary channels.
A Possible Ecologial Effect of Upwelling in a Submarine Canyon

DURING July–November 1956, an exploratory ecological survey along the south-west edge of the La Jolla submarine canyon was conducted over a sandy bottom using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus1 diving techniques (for a chart of the region see Shepard and Emery2), and the following preliminary information may be of general interest.
Reproductive Responses of Aphidophagous Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Nonaphid Diets: an Example from Alfalfa

Aphidophagous lady beetles feed on a variety of prey in addition to preferred aphids. These alternative foods may serve only to maintain the predator but do not permit immature growth or adult reproduction. We tested whether larvae of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), are alternative foods for adults of 2 species of lady beetles, Coccinella septempunctata L. and C. transoersoguttata Brown, that breed in alfalfa while feeding on the larvae as well as aphids. When collected from alfalfa fields and placed on diets of weevils only, adults of both species generally gained weight. However, in contrast to females fed pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), females fed weevils produced very few eggs, almost all of which were laid in the first few days after the predators were placed on the weevil diet. When dissected, females fed weevils had only very small (previtellogenic) eggs in their ovaries. Similarly, females produced very few eggs, and held only previtellogenic eggs of very small size in their ovaries, when provided only sucrose (dissolved in water in 15% solution). When provided both weevils and sucrose, however, females of both species laid eggs in modest numbers. These results indicate that weevil larvae serve as alternative foods for the lady beetles, and that reproduction nevertheless can occur in the absence of preferred aphid prey when weevil larvae are combined in the diet with sucrose, another alternative food. Because nectar can serve as a natural source of sucrose in or near alfalfa fields, some reproduction by lady beetles may occur in fields infested with weevil larvae even in the absence or low abundance of aphids.
Role of Affect and Cognition in Lay Judgments About the Need for Mental Health Treatment and Willingness to Help

Mental illness has become a major public health concern, but it is rarely studied from the point of view of laypeople. The current research used surveys to investigate ordinary people's perceptions of the need for mental health treatment in a target individual and willingness to help the target. It also investigated the mediating role of affect and cognition in these evaluative processes. Four experiments found that affect mediated the relationship between mental illness and evaluations of the need for treatment, but that cognition mediated the relationship between mental illness and people's willingness to provide help. We concluded that negative affective responses to the presence of mental illness result in increased perceptions of the need for treatment. When personal responsibility for helping was requested, people relied on cognitive processes likely associated with their own ability, knowledge, and willingness to help. This research provides a preliminary understanding of how to approach the treatm...
Radiative Decay of Excitons in Model Aggregates of π-Conjugated Oligomers

Spontaneous emission from exciton states in an aggregate of fy-conjugated oligomers is studied theoretically. Each oligomer is taken as a ring of N carbon atoms and is treated using a PPP Hamiltonian. Coulombic interactions between rings are treated to first order. The radiative decay rate γ from an exciton state in an aggregate of M aligned oligomers is superradiant, being M times faster than the decay rate of an isolated oligomer exciton. Inter-oligomer interactions have little effect on the exciton size and energy when the oligomer size N is large compared to the interoligomer spacing. However, when N is small, both the exciton size and energy are strongly affected by these interactions, leading to a markedly different N dependence for fy.
Air-isolated through-wafer interconnects for microsystem applications

This paper reports a through-wafer interconnect structure using air-isolated p/sup ++/ silicon columns suspended by metal beams. The approach minimizes parasitic capacitance and does not require the lightly-doped wafers and DC bias associated with pn-junction isolation. The interconnects are therefore well suited for use in battery-operated microsystems. The through-wafer conductors have a calculated series resistance of approximately 5 /spl Omega/ and a capacitance to the substrate of 10 fF. Including the metal support frame, the area of each feedthrough is 0.01 mm/sup 2/, and using clustered columns, the per-feedthrough area is still smaller.
Vowel articulation training aid for the deaf

The signal processing strategy for a computer-based vowel articulation training aid for the deaf is described. This processing is based on a nonlinear/linear artificial neural network transformation of 16-channel filter bank data to a two-dimensional space which approximates an F1/F2 space. Speaker-independent vowel training displays have been developed with vowel identity cued by spatial location and color. Testing with both normally-hearing and hearing-impared listeners indicates that the display is very easy to interpret and that the relationship between the pattern and the spoken vowel is consistent. The continuous relationship between phonetic perception and display patterns provides feedback for fine tuning of vocal tract settings. >
Patient Satisfaction and the Curse of Kelvin

Almost 30 years ago, Alvin Feinstein coined the phrase, ‘‘the curse of Kelvin,’’ to refer to the unthinking and inappropriate worship of quantifiable information in medicine. Lord Kelvin (who was addressing physicists, not physicians), had been quoted as saying in effect, that if your knowledge could not be expressed in numbers, then it was of a meager and unsatisfactory kind. Health care, because of its desire to be ‘‘scientific,’’ has not only been stricken by the curse of Kelvin, but has positively embraced it; this despite the fact that many prominent scientists (including some of Kelvin’s contemporaries, eg, Darwin or Virchow) succeeded while completely ignoring his advice. Thus, we see a proliferation of scales and measurement instruments aimed at quantifying the hitherto unquantifiabledfor example, patient satisfaction. Although the desire for quantification and mensuration is understandable, and the practice is occasionally even useful, the most pernicious effects of Kelvin’s curse lie in how we respond to quantitative information. What utility might be derived from approximate measurements of qualitative, multidimensional attributes such as satisfaction is often destroyed by unthinking responses, motivated by misguided ideas of ‘‘science’’ or (worse) opportunistic attempts to advance other social or political agendas. Of the many things that bedevil those who manage emergency departments, dealing with the reaction to patient satisfaction surveys must be one of the worst. While satisfying patients is a goal we all share, poorly thought out reactions to patient satisfaction survey results may not advance, or might even impede our progress, for the following reasons. First, the entire field of satisfaction evaluation has been much more driven by marketing than by underlying science. Few of the most popular satisfaction instruments have undergone independent, peer-reviewed assessments of their reliability and validity. It is only in the past few years that vendors have even begun to claim reliability or validity, however established. What published evaluations exist show that these instruments are highly approximatedlike weather reports with the ambient temperature rounded off to the nearest 20 F. Subtle effects of setting, phrasing, timing, and medium can distort at least some dimensions of survey data; this plus sampling variation means that small, short-term fluctuations are largely uninterpretable.