cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature Compensated Time Synchronization

Time synchronization in embedded sensor networks is an important service for correlating data between nodes and communication scheduling. While many different approaches to the problem are possible, one major effect of clock frequency difference between nodes, environmental temperature changes, has often been left out of the solution. The common assumption that the temperature is static over a certain period of time is often used as an excuse to assume constant frequency errors in a clock. This assumption forces synchronization protocols to resynchronize too often. While there exists hardware solutions to this problem, their prohibitive high cost and power consumption make them unsuitable for some applications, such as wireless sensor networks. Temperature compensated time synchronization (TCTS) exploits the on-board temperature sensor existing in many sensor network platforms. It uses this temperature sensor to autonomously calibrate the local oscillator and removes effects of environmental temperature changes. This allows a time synchronization protocol to increase its resynchronization period, without loosing synchronization accuracy, and thus saves energy and communication overhead. In addition, TCTS provides a stable clock source when radio communication is impaired. We present the theory behind TCTS, and provide initial results of a simulated comparison of TCTS and the flooding time synchronization protocol.
Axon Guidance by Growth Cones and Branches: Common Cytoskeletal and Signaling Mechanisms

Growing axons are guided to appropriate targets by responses of their motile growth cones to environmental cues. Interstitial axon branching is also an important form of axon guidance in the mammalian CNS. Visualization of growing axons in cortical slices and in dissociated cortical cultures showed that growth cone pausing behaviors demarcate sites of future axon branching. Studies of vertebrate and invertebrate growth cones suggest common mechanisms that regulate growth cone behaviors and axon branching. These include reorganization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, dynamic interactions between microtubules and actin filaments, effects of axon guidance molecules, actions of actin regulatory proteins, and dynamic changes in intracellular calcium signaling. Future challenges will be to extend high-resolution imaging of single neurons to studies of intracellular events in the intact nervous system and to apply knowledge of developmental mechanisms to the promotion of axon sprouting after injury in the adult CNS.
Hyperbolic geometry and spaces of Riemann surfaces

Classifying Riemann surfaces is a problem that has fascinated mathematicians for more than a century. Real analytic, complex analytic, and geometric solutions have been found using a variety of techniques. In this article I shall examine several approaches; I shall restrict myself to the situation where the surface is a torus or a punctured torus and make the description very explicit.
A numerical method for backward parabolic problems with non-selfadjoint elliptic operators

A method of solution of backward parabolic problems with non-selfadjoint elliptic operators is presented. The method employs a quasisolution approach and is based on the separation of the problem into a sequence of well-posed forward problems on the entire mesh and an ill-posed system of algebraic equations on a coarser submesh. For the corresponding forward problem the continuous dependence of the solution on the initial profile is proved. From this result a stability estimate on the final time T is obtained. The estimate shows a decrease in stability of the forward (hence, the backward) problem, as the final time T is increased. Using the stability result the existence of a quasisolution of the backward problem is proved. For the solution of the intermediate non-selfadjoint forward problems a modified alternating-direction finite difference scheme is presented. The ill-conditioned system of algebraic equations is solved by using truncated singular value decomposition. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on a numerical test problem with exact and noisy data.
Mitral Valve Prolapse in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

Four adult women with histories of rheumatic fever and clinical findings of mitral stenosis and regurgitation had echocardiograms demonstrating moderately severe mitral stenosis (EF slope
The evolution of occupational therapy practice for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

therapy for infants in the neonatal in­ tensive care unit (NICU), and it repre­ sents a landmark in the publication of occupational therapy literature. Never before have therapists with expertise in this area had an opportunity to consoli­ date their thoughts and communicate the state of the art of practice, research, and education in one publication. This issue represents the profession's ac­ knowledgment that occupational ther­ apy for neonates is a growing and changing area of practice. Therapists need to critically examine their current roles and functions in light of the grow­ ing body of knowledge in neonatology and the studies describing the develop­ mental outcomes of neonates and their families.
Renal disease, age, and oxazepam kinetics.

Effects of renal insufficiency and age on oxazepam kinetics were assessed in 13 normal subjects (21 to 72 yr old), four patients with renal insufficiency, and eight patients on hemodialysis. Normal intact oxazepam results were: mean elimination half-life (t1/2), 10 hr; area under the curve (AUC), 6.0 microgram.hr/ml; unbound oxazepam fraction (fup), 3.2%; maximum concentration of unbound oxazepam (Cmax,u), 16 ng/ml; and intrinsic (unbound drug) clearance (Clint), 2.9 l/hr/kg. Less than 1% of the dose was excreted intact in urine. Age differences had no influence on results. In renal insufficiency patients, t1/2 was prolonged to 25 hr, fup increased to 7%, and Cmax,u and Clint were unchanged. Volume of distribution of unbound oxazepam (Vu) increased, thereby prolonging t1/2. In dialysis patients, t1/2 was prolonged to 33 hr, fup increased to 6.2%, and Cmax,u and Clint again were unchanged. Oxazepam was undialyzable; since unbound oxazepam disposition kinetics are not altered, no dosage adjustment for patients is necessary.
Remote Laboratories for Optical Circuits

This paper presents a remote laboratory implementation for an optical circuits course. The process from design and implementation towards assessment and continuous improvement phase is outlined. The design of the experiments involved the research on remote access technology and the investigation of best practices for an experimental setup. The first pilot implementations were used to determine the possible shortfalls during an ldquoIntroduction to an Optical Communicationsrdquo course in fall 2004 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and an ldquoOptical Circuitsrdquo course in fall 2005 at the University of Houston, Houston, TX. After improvements, two experiments were pilot tested during spring 2006 at the University of Houston. Assessment of learning outcomes and teaching methods were performed. The remote access methods, in addition to the delivery of the class and lectures, are presented in the paper. Delivery of a class with remote laboratories and videotaped lectures are also outlined under future directions of this project.
Parallel Models in Software Life Cycle

Demand for high quality software has led to the infusion of several innovative techniques for use in different phases of the software life cycle. The knowledge based techniques proposed by Yau and Liu (1986), Yau and Tsai (1987) and high quality testing proposed by DeMillo (Aeree, DeMillo, Budd, and Sayward, 1979) are just two examples of such innovation. One of the major impediments to the use of these techniques is their high computational requirements. A trivial solution to this problem is the use of parallel computers. However, arbitrary use of parallel computers may lead to poor utilization efficiency of the machine.
Gifted students with a coexisting disability: The twice exceptional

The twice exceptional are students who have both high ability and a disability or disorder. The ability can be in any culturally-valued domain, including high intelligence, academics, the visual or performing arts, and athletics. The co-existing disability can be physical, medical, or psychological. There is a growing literature of scholarly opinion about twice exceptionality; however, there are few well-designed empirical investigations of gifted students with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, conduct problems, or medical, physical or sensory disabilities. This article examines a few key issues about the twice exceptional student and then discusses what we know about the gifted students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and gifted students with learning disabilities. The article also provides a brief discussion on suicide and the gifted student.
Dynamic 3-D MR Visualization and Detection of Upper Airway Obstruction During Sleep Using Region-Growing Segmentation

Goal : We demonstrate a novel and robust approach for visualization of upper airway dynamics and detection of obstructive events from dynamic 3-D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the pharyngeal airway. Methods: This approach uses 3-D region growing, where the operator selects a region of interest that includes the pharyngeal airway, places two seeds in the patent airway, and determines a threshold for the first frame. Results: This approach required 5 s/frame of CPU time compared to 10 min/frame of operator time for manual segmentation. It compared well with manual segmentation, resulting in Dice Coefficients of 0.84 to 0.94, whereas the Dice Coefficients for two manual segmentations by the same observer were 0.89 to 0.97. It was also able to automatically detect 83% of collapse events. Conclusion: Use of this simple semiautomated segmentation approach improves the workflow of novel dynamic MRI studies of the pharyngeal airway and enables visualization and detection of obstructive events. Significance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant public health issue affecting 4–9% of adults and 2% of children. Recently, 3-D dynamic MRI of the upper airway has been demonstrated during natural sleep, with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution to noninvasively study patterns of airway obstruction in young adults with OSA. This study makes it practical to analyze these long scans and visualize important factors in an MRI sleep study, such as the time, site, and extent of airway collapse.
Zombie Dawn: Slavery and the Self in the Twenty-First Century

This chapter attempts to explain the emergence of the ‘hard problem’ of consciousness in the late twentieth century. Hawkes connects this theoretical development to the spread of wage labor. He points out that wage labor meets the classical definition of slavery, and he notes that slavery has traditionally been conceived as producing a materialist cast of mind among the enslaved, as well as eliminating their capacity for autonomous, subjective reflection. David Chalmers’s famous concept of the ‘philosophical zombie’ is located in its historical context, and connected to the rise of zombie myths in societies newly introduced to an economic system based on the systematic sale of human life.
Low Urinary Iodine Concentrations Associated with Dyslipidemia in US Adults.

Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormone which plays crucial roles in healthy thyroid function and lipid metabolism. However, the association between iodine status and dyslipidemia has not been well established at a population level. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the odds of dyslipidemia including elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, and lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL/LDL ratio are associated with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in a population perspective. Data of 2495 US adults (≥20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012 were used in this study. Two subgroups (i.e., UIC below vs. above the 10th percentile) were compared of dyslipidemia as defined based on NCEP ATP III guidelines. The differences between the groups were tested statistically by chi-square test, simple linear regressions, and multiple logistic regressions. Serum lipid concentrations differed significantly between two iodine status groups when sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates were controlled (all, p 200 mg/dL) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.23) and elevated LDL cholesterol (>130 mg/dL) (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11–2.23) and lowered HDL/LDL ratio (<0.4) (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18–2.33), compared to those with UIC above the 10th percentile. In US adults, low UIC was associated with increased odds for dyslipidemia. Findings of the present cross-sectional study with spot urine samples highlight the significant association between UIC and serum lipids at population level, but do not substantiate a causal relationship. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the causal relationship among iodine intakes, iodine status, and serum lipid profiles.
ITERATION, LEVEL SETS, AND ZEROS OF DERIVATIVES OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS

Let f be a meromorphic non-entire function in the plane, and suppose that for every k ≥ 0, the derivative f (k) has only real zeros. We have proved that then f(az + b) = P(z)/Q(z) for some real numbers a and b where a 6 0, where Q(z) = z n or Q(z) = (z 2 + 1) n , n is a positive integer, and P is a polynomial with only real zeros such that degP ≤ degQ + 1; or f(az +b) = C(z −i) −n or f(az +b) = C(z −�)/(z −i) whereis real and C is a non-zero complex constant. In this paper we provide part of the proof of this theorem, by obtaining the following result. Let f be given by f(z) = g(z)/(z 2 + 1) n where g is a real entire function of finite order with g(i)g(−i) 6 0 and n is a positive integer. If f , f ' , and f '' have only real zeros then g is a polynomial of degree at most 2n + 1. Conversely, if f is of this form where g is a polynomial of degree at most 2n with only real zeros, then f (k) has only real zeros for all k ≥ 0. If the degree of g is 2n + 1 then f (k) has only real zeros for all k ≥ 0 if, and only if, f and fhave only real zeros.
PYROLYSIS STUDIES OF ORGANIC OXYGENATES VI. THERMAL CHEMISTRY OF LONG CHAIN ALIPHATIC ACIDS

ABSTRACT The thermal chemistry of two long-chain fatty acids, decanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid (myr1st1c add), has been determined at temperatures of 400-450°C under Inert {helium and nitrogen) and reactive (hydrogen) atmospheres. In general the thermal chemistry pathways are similar to those found with aromatic acids. Secondary cracking type reactions were found to be much more Important for the fatty acids, leading to a very complex product mix. As expected, decarboxylation and subsequent radical reactions are Important whether the pyrolysis is carried out In the presence of an Inert gas such as helium or whether a hydropyrolysis occurs. Consistent with what was previously demonstrated with an aromatic acid(7) and an aryl alkyl ether(5), hydropyrolysis suppresses COx formation and tends to generate more aldehydes and alcohols than are produced under conventional pyrolysis conditions. For fatty acids under Inert atmosphere pyrolysis conditions, the major initial products are the alkanes and alkenes d...
Empirical Spirits: Islam, Spiritism, and the Virtues of Science in Iran

This article examines some aspects of the reception of French Spiritism and psychical research in twentieth century Iran: its promotion by Iranian modernist intellectuals before the Second World War, and its appropriation by Shi‘i Muslim ‘ulama in the 1940s and 1960s. Spiritism appealed to those intellectuals and scholars who sought to reconcile their commitments to science with their religious longings and dedication to moral reform. In comparing these encounters with spirit communication, I show that the adoption of putatively scientific claims in contexts that professional scientists usually disavow can be about much more than strategic appropriation and attempts to justify preexisting doctrines. They also allow us to understand science's power to mold the moral subjectivities of reformers through selective absorption into long-continuous traditions of virtue.
Surface Modes in Photonic Band-Gap Fibers

We describe a class of modes that appear in optical fibers with periodic claddings. These bound modes are localized near the core-cladding interface and are related to surface modes encountered in semi-infinite planar periodic structures.
Mars Science Laboratory's Parachute Qualification Approach

The Mars Science Laboratory mission will use a 21.5 meter reference diameter Viking scaled disk-gap-band parachute to slow the entry body from supersonic to low subsonic speeds during its entry into the Martian atmosphere. This parachute is larger than any diskgap-band parachute tested or flown in the high Mach, low dynamic pressure opening conditions that are required for use on a Mars surface mission. Early in the development process it was decided that qualification of the parachute via high altitude high Mach testing was cost prohibitive so direct testing would not be performed. Instead, the JPL team formed a qualification strategy to address readiness for flight by breaking the parachute’s function down into five key phases of operation: mortar deployment, canopy inflation, inflation strength, supersonic performance, and subsonic performance, which are then independently assessed. This paper addresses the salient aspects of these five phases and the Mars Science Laboratory’s methodology and test results that were used to qualify the parachute for flight in the absence of a full scale high altitude test program.
Analysis of situation of disease control agencies involved in equalization of basic public health services

Objective To know the participation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) in the equalization of essential public health services in Zhejiang province and provide basis for relevant policy making. Methods A questionnaire based survey about the understanding and participation of essential public health services, existing barriers and corresponding strategies was conducted among workers from CDCs at each level. Results The respondents have a good knowledge(90%) of the equalization of the basic public health services but poor understanding of the service provider(38.27%) and service characteristics(29.50%); The CDC that had designed and carried out essential guidance of basic public health services for community health care organizations, conducted training programs, participated in assessment accounts for 94.90%, 96.94% and 92.86% respectively. The barriers for CDC to participate in essential public health services are personal inadequacy(91.10%), insufficient government fund guarantee(86.64%), poor resource integration between CDCs and community health care organizations as well as the lack of joint efforts(82.07%). Conclusion CDC's staffs generally have a high recognition and participation rate of essential public health services but the initiative is not sufficient. Personal inadequacy, insufficient fund guarantee and poor resource integration between medicine and public health are the major barriers for CDC to participate in essential public health services. To enable CDC to play a key role in the equalization of essential public health services, increase CDC's personnel, guarantee the working investment and enhance the integration of medicine and public health are of great importance
Forecasting coalbed gas's reserve and favorable exploration plot in Huhehu Depression

In view of the low exploration characteristics of Huhehu depression in Hailar Basin,using the well and seismic data inversion and interpretation,the spatial distribution of coal、coal seam thickness and the geological reserves of coal in Huhehu Depression are evaluated and predicted.Combined with parameters of gas content,the amount of coalbed gas resource of Huhehu Depression is about 7.43×1011m3.It is about 68.83% in the total coalbed gas resources in Hailar Basin.The depth of the Daer section is moderate and the forecasted resources is larger.So it is advantageous section for exploratory development of coalbed gas.The depth of Naner section is mostly about 2000m,but its resources quantity is the most.Thereby it deserve research effort.
Osmolarity-stimulated urea transport in rat terminal IMCD: role of intracellular calcium

We showed previously that both increasing osmolality by adding NaCl or manitol (hyperosmolarity) or adding vasopressin can stimulate urea permeability in rat terminal inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD). Vasopressin acts via adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), but the mechanism by which hyperosmolarity acts is unknown. To study the mechanism, we determined the effect of varying osmolality (with NaCl) on two potential second messenger systems, i.e., cAMP and intracellular calcium. There was no significant difference in cAMP production among tubules incubated at 290, 490, 690, or 890 mosmol/kg. In contrast, cAMP did increase significantly after vasopressin (10(-8) M) addition. Intracellular calcium increased significantly when osmolality was increased from 290 to 490 mosmol/kg in the absence of vasopressin. To examine whether changes in intracellular calcium affect urea permeability, we added thapsigargin (and removed bath calcium) while maintaining osmolality at 290 mosmol/kg. Both intracellul...
Cognitive ability, social desirability, body mass index and socioeconomic status as correlates of fourth-grade children's dietary-reporting accuracy.

Cognitive ability, social desirability, body mass index and socioeconomic status as correlates of fourth-grade children’s dietary-reporting accuracy
“Weg Da—Wir Wollen Lernen!” Education Reform in Hamburg, Germany in Neoliberal Times:

Background/ContextThis paper is in dialogue with critical policy scholarship that has developed a certain consensus about what neoliberalism is and what its impact has been on recent education poli...
Quantification of Hematoma Hounsfield Units on Noncontrast CT Does Not Predict Clearance of Acute Intraventricular Hemorrhage after Intraventricular Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (P07.240)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of hematoma Hounsfield Units(HU)quantification as a predictive marker of IVH clearance after intraventricular Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) administration. BACKGROUND: Thin-section noncontrast CT (NCCT) provides a measure of thrombus composition based on HU and may predict resistance to thombolytics in acute ischemic stroke. Hematoma composition may affect thrombolytic efficacy of TPA in acute intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). DESIGN/METHODS: Serial NCCT was performed on 52 patients who received intraventricular TPA as part of the CLEAR IVH trial (Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of IVH) and 12 controls with IVH treated with external ventricular drainage alone. A blinded investigator calculated HU values for IVH volumes on admission, day 3-4 and day 6-9 NCCT for each patient. RESULTS: Median IVH volume on admission for TPA-treated patients was 38.3(iqr 34.1)cc, and decreased to 4.9(14.5)cc at day6-9. Mean(SD) HU for IVH was 52.1(4.3) on presentation and decreased significantly to 50.1(4.5) on day3-4, and to 45.1(4.95) on day6-9. IVH HU count was significantly correlated with IVH volume at all CT timepoints: admission:p=0.002; day3-4:p CONCLUSIONS: Hounsfield Unit counts of IVH decrease significantly over the first week on NCCT and the decrease is greater in TPA-treated patients. Unlike thrombus HUs in large intracranial vessels, IVH HUs are not associated with erythrocyte or platelet concentrations. Higher HU is not an independent predictor of success of intraventricular thrombolysis. Disclosure: Dr. Kornbluth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nekoovaght-Tak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ullman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hanley has received research support from Genentech. Dr. Ziai has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Oakstone Medical Publishing.
Preoperative imaging for staging of cutaneous melanoma in the United States: A population-based analysis.

9034 Background: Routine imaging for staging of early stage cutaneous melanoma is not recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Besides the low probability of finding ...
Active Mediation of Plasmon Enhanced Localized Exciton Generation, Carrier Diffusion and Enhanced Photon Emission

Understanding the enhancement of charge carrier generation and their diffusion is imperative for improving the efficiency of optoelectronic devices particularly infrared photodetectors that are less developed than their visible counterpart. Here, using gold nanorods as model plasmonic systems, InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an InGaAs quantum well as an emitter, and GaAs as an active mediator of surface plasmons for enhancing carrier generation and photon emission, the distance dependence of energy transfer and carrier diffusion have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Analysis of the QD emission enhancement as a function of distance reveals a Forster radius of 3.85 ± 0.15 nm, a near-field decay length of 4.8 ± 0.1 nm and an effective carrier diffusion length of 64.0 ± 3.0 nm. Theoretical study of the temporal-evolution of the electron-hole occupation number of the excited states of the QDs indicates that the emission enhancement trend is determined by the carrier diffusion and capture rates.
Correlation of mammographic breast density with Ki-67 expression in benign breast epithelial cells obtained by random periareolar fine needle aspiration of high risk women

1011 >Background: Known risk factors for breast cancer development include elements incorporated into the Gail risk model, mammographic breast density and cytologic atypia detected by Random Periareolar Fine Needle Aspiration (RPFNA). Ki-67 expression is a possible risk biomarker and is currently being used as a response biomarker in chemoprevention trials. We have previously shown that Ki-67 expression is higher in RPFNA specimens of benign breast cells exhibiting cytologic atypia. It is not known whether there is a correlation between mammographic density and Ki-67 expression in benign breast ductal cells obtained by RPFNA. Methods: 344 women at high risk of developing breast cancer (based on personal or family history) seen at The University of Kansas Medical Center high risk breast clinic, who underwent RPFNA with cytomorphology and Ki-67 assessment, plus a mammogram were included in the study. Mammographic breast density was assessed using the Cumulus program. Categorical variables were analyzed by...
Manufacturing energy analysis of lithium ion battery pack for electric vehicles

Abstract Lithium ion batteries (LIB) are widely used to power electric vehicles. Here we report a comprehensive manufacturing energy analysis of the popular LMO-graphite LIB pack used on Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Volt. A 24 kWh battery pack with 192 prismatic cells is analysed at each manufacturing process from mixing, coating, calendaring, notching till final cutting and assembly, with data collected and modelled from real industrial processes. It is found that 29.9 GJ of energy is embedded in the battery materials, 58.7 GJ energy consumed in the battery cell production, and 0.3 GJ energy for the final battery pack assembly.
Sum rate of massive MIMO downlink with simultaneous relayed and direct transmissions

The sum rate performance of simultaneous relay and direct massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink transmissions is investigated for the imperfect channel state information (CSI) case. In this context, a massive MIMO base-station transmits simultaneously to spatially distributed relayed and direct user nodes by using two independent zero-forcing based precoders. The uplink CSI at the base-station is estimated by using the non-orthogonal pilots transmitted by relayed and direct user nodes, and hence, the channel estimates are affected by pilot contamination. To this end, the detrimental effects of intra-cell pilot contamination are quantified by deriving the achievable sum rates when the number of antennas at the base-station is allowed to grow without bound. Furthermore, the performance degradation due to concurrent relayed and direct transmissions is quantified by analyzing the intra-cell interference effects for imperfect CSI cases. Our analysis and numerical results reveal that massive MIMO can be exploited for spectral efficient aggressive spatial multiplexing for simultaneous relayed and direct downlink transmissions.
Duplex ultrasound scanning of the renal arteries had 98% sensitivity and 98% specificity for diagnosing significant renal stenosis

Source Citation Olin JW, Piedmonte MR, Young JR, et al. The utility of duplex ultrasound scanning of the renal arteries for diagnosing significant renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Jun 1;...
Bellman function in stochastic control and harmonic analysis

The stochastic optimal control uses the differential equation of Bell-man and its solution—the Bellman function. We show how the homonym function in harmonic analysis is (and how it is not) the same stochastic optimal control Bellman function. Then we present several creatures from Bellman’s Zoo: a function that proves the inverse Holder inequality, as well as several other harmonic analysis Bellman functions and their corresponding Bellman PDE’s. Finally we translate the approach of Burkholder to the language of “our” Bellman function.
Biomarker-Integrated Neoadjuvant Dasatinib Trial in Resectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Abstract Introduction Window of opportunity trials in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are challenging but can yield important translational information about a novel agent. Methods We treated patients with MPM (N = 24) with 4 weeks of oral dasatinib followed by surgery with or without radiotherapy and then an optional 2 years of maintenance dasatinib. The primary end point was biomarker modulation of phosphorylated (p) Src Tyr419 . Results For all patients, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.5 months and the median overall survival was 19.1 months. No significant responses were seen after 4 weeks of dasatinib therapy; however, modulation of median p-Src Tyr419 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores was seen: the median pretreatment score was 70 (interquartile range 37.5–110), and the median posttreatment score was 41.9 (interquartile range 4.2–60) ( p = 0.004). A decrease in p-Src Tyr419 levels after dasatinib correlated with improved median PFS (6.9 months versus 0.94 months [ p = 0.03]), suggesting that p-Src Tyr419 is a viable pharmacodynamic biomarker for dasatinib in MPM. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway analysis correlated high PDGFR beta [PDGFRB) level (in the cytoplasm [hazard ratio] (HR) = 2.54, p = 0.05], stroma [HR = 2.79, p = 0.03], and nucleus [HR = 6.79, p = 0.023]) with a shorter PFS. Low (less than the median) cytoplasmic p-PDGFR alpha IHC levels were predictive of a decrease in positron emission tomography/computed tomography standard uptake values levels after dasatinib therapy ( p = 0.04), whereas higher-than-median IHC scores of PDGFRB (cytoplasmic [HR = 2.8, p = 0.03] and nuclear [HR = 6.795, p = 0.02]) were correlated with rising standard uptake values levels. Conclusions In conclusion, there was no significant efficacy signal, and dasatinib monotherapy will not continue to be studied in MPM. However, our study demonstrated that PDGFR subtypes (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and PDGFRB) may have differential roles in prognosis and resistance to antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors and are important potential therapeutic targets that require further investigation.
Supermarket Use and Exclusive Clauses, Part Six

Supermarkets and supermarket leases are intertwined and mutually ependent. Most American supermarkets are located in leased stores situated in shopping centers. Their rights to occupy the stores and they way they function in them depend on leases. Conversely, many provisions of supermarket leases including use and exclusive clauses depend on a keen understanding of the supermarket business.Use and exclusive clauses are among the most difficult to negotiate of all lease provisions. Use clauses govern what a Tenant is allowed to do in its store, and exclusive clauses restrict what other tenants of the shopping center are allowed to do in their stores.Supermarket Use and Exclusive Clauses, Part 6 traces the monumental changes in supermarket merchandising during World War II. Wartime labor shortages forced supermarket operators to streamline they way they sold meat, produce, baked goods, and dairy products. The process was facilitated by technological advances, in part, spurred by the War and the mobilization that preceded the War. The methods they adopted to overcome the shortages enhanced sales, consumer satisfaction, and profits and, in time, became the very essence of this institution.Lawyers negotiating supermarket use and exclusive clauses need to know what supermarkets are, how they function, and how they originated. What they need to know can't be found in case law or statutes but in the industry's business model and its history. This article and its five predecessors are dedicted to providing sources of this knowledge for lawyers who negotiate supermarket and other shopping center leases and for students who aspire to do so.
Diagnostic full thickness resection—Motility disorders, neurologic disorders, and staging of mucosal neoplasms

Abstract Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) allows for minimally invasive acquisition of all layers of the gastrointestinal wall. The method was initially developed for therapeutic purposes. More recently EFTR has been successfully implemented for diagnostic applications such as diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases or as a staging procedure for superficial GI neoplasia in select cases. It represents a step forward from the previous standard laparoscopic tissue biopsy and allows shorter recovery time at the same time decreasing the risk of potential side effects of a major procedure. EFTR has significant diagnostic value in its ability to provide a full thickness gastrointestinal wall specimen allowing appropriate histological review with the potential to determine a therapeutic plan.
Increased Cocaine Motivation Is Associated with Degraded Spatial and Temporal Representations in IL-NAc Neurons

Summary Craving for cocaine progressively increases in cocaine users during drug-free periods, contributing to relapse. The projection from the infralimbic cortex to the nucleus accumbens shell (IL-NAc) is thought to inhibit cocaine seeking. However, it is not known whether and how IL-NAc neurons contribute to the increased motivation associated with a drug-free period. We first performed cellular resolution imaging of IL-NAc neurons in rats during a drug-seeking test. This revealed neurons with spatial selectivity within the cocaine-associated context, a decrease in activity around the time of cocaine seeking, and an inverse relationship between cocaine-seeking activity and subsequent cocaine motivation. All these properties were reduced by a drug-free period. Next, we transiently activated this projection, which resulted in reduced drug seeking, regardless of the drug-free period. Taken together, this suggests that altered IL-NAc activity after a drug-free period may enhance cocaine motivation without fundamentally altering the projection’s ability to inhibit drug seeking.
Linoleic acid–good or bad for the brain?

Increased intake of omega-6 rich plant oils such as soybean and corn oil over the past few decades has inadvertently tripled the amount of n-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in the diet. Although LA is nutritionally "essential", very little is known about how it affects the brain when present in excess. This review provides an overview on the metabolism of LA by the brain and the effects of excess dietary LA intake on brain function. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that excess dietary LA increases the brain's vulnerability to inflammation and likely acts via its oxidized metabolites. In humans, excess maternal LA intake has been linked to a typical neurodevelopment, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. It is concluded that excess dietary LA may adversely affect the brain. The potential neuroprotective role of reducing dietary LA merits clinical evaluation in future studies.
BH3 mimetics selectively eliminate chemotherapy-induced senescent cells and improve response in TP53 wild-type breast cancer.

TP53 wild-type breast tumors rarely undergo a complete pathological response after chemotherapy treatment. These patients have an extremely poor survival rate and studies show these tumors preferentially undergo senescence instead of apoptosis. These senescent cells persist after chemotherapy and secrete cytokines and chemokines comprising the senescence associated secretory phenotype, which promotes survival, proliferation, and metastasis. We hypothesized that eliminating senescent tumor cells would improve chemotherapy response and extend survival. Previous studies have shown “senolytic” agents selectively kill senescent normal cells, but their efficacy in killing chemotherapy-induced senescent cancer cells is unknown. We show that ABT-263, a BH3 mimetic that targets antiapoptotic proteins BCL2/BCL-XL/BCL-W, had no effect on proliferating cells, but rapidly and selectively induced apoptosis in a subset of chemotherapy-treated cancer cells, though sensitivity required days to develop. Low NOXA expression conferred resistance to ABT-263 in some cells, necessitating additional MCL1 inhibition. Gene editing confirmed breast cancer cells relied on BCL-XL or BCL-XL/MCL1 for survival in senescence. In a mouse model of breast cancer, ABT-263 treatment following chemotherapy led to apoptosis, greater tumor regression, and longer survival. Our results reveal cancer cells that have survived chemotherapy by entering senescence can be eliminated using BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL-XL or BCL-XL/MCL1. These drugs could help minimize residual disease and extend survival in breast cancer patients that otherwise have a poor prognosis and are most in need of improved therapies.
A corpus-driven exploration of U.S. language planning and language ideology from 2013 to 2018

Abstract Language planning is influenced by ideological stances, and exports those ideologies through the policy making process. Residing beneath policy documents lies a language policy of the texts themselves, policing their structure and linguistic forms by which ideologies are managed. Thus, a careful collection of such documents should offer rich grounds for analysis, to leverage claims of ideology against empirically founded patterns, and offer rigorous comparison across actors, genres, and policy areas. We conducted a corpus-driven exploration of all bills from Congressional sessions 113 to 115 (33,968 documents, 85,612,752 words), and describe the collocational character of U.S. language policy, the semantic preferences of those collocations, and discuss the exposed ideological structure of these bills. By utilizing such a large corpus, this study responds to two issues in corpus-aided language policy analysis: (1) a paucity of very large corpora analyses; (2) further utilizes corpus-driven methods to naively investigate ideologies in status planning.
Fire at the Oakland Ghost Ship Warehouse: A disaster life cycle-based analysis.

Objective: Structural fires remain a prominent threat to public health and safety even in several regions of the developed world, where rising housing costs force many to reside in unsafe environments. This case report of the Ghost Ship Warehouse fire in Oakland, California, highlights deficiencies in the emergency management system in the context of similar nightclub incidents to inform recommendations that might prevent such events from occurring in the future. Design: The characteristics of the Ghost Ship warehouse and circumstances surrounding the fire, as described in government documents and news media sources, were examined using the disaster life cycle framework. The Ghost Ship fire was also compared with two prior fire disasters at the Happy Land nightclub in New York City and Station nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island. Results: The following risk factors were identified as common features of deadly nightclub fires: large crowd size, limited access to exits, multiple code violations, lack of required permits, inadequate fire suppression systems, and poor building maintenance. Conclusions: To prevent the recurrence of such disasters, Oakland and other cities should adopt measures to improve interdepartmental communication; streamline reporting of fire and safety hazards, and allocate sufficient resources and staff capable of identifying hazardous buildings, performing inspections, and enforcing building and fire codes. Equally importantly, the urban affordable housing crisis needs to be adequately addressed to mitigate vulnerable populations living in unsafe dwellings that place them at risk of deadly fires.
Comparison of telemedicine and in-person psychotherapy for CPAP adherence in a population of veterans

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the second most common sleep disorder among Veterans and carries risk of serious health complications when untreated. The gold standard for OSA treatment is Positive Airway Pressure (PAP). However, adherence to PAP therapy is chronically low. Interventions to enhance adherence include education, practical support, and psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing have been shown to improve CPAP usage by approximately 1 hour per night. Telemedicine-delivered CPAP education and telemonitoring-with-feedback has demonstrated improved adherence in patients with OSA. Our study evaluated the effectiveness of a telemedicine group psychotherapy intervention for Veterans diagnosed with OSA and found to be nonadherent to CPAP therapy. The intervention is delivered in four weekly 60-minute sessions. Methods: We identified a cohort of 29 patients who participated in the intervention via telemedicine from April 2020 - September 2020 (Telemedicine Psychotherapy cohort). The cohort was compared to a historical control of 35 patients who participated in the in-person group psychotherapy from April 2019 - September 2019 (In-Person Psychotherapy cohort). Through retrospective chart review, we analyzed baseline and post-intervention data from both cohorts. Demographics collected included age, sex, BMI, ethnicity, zip code, as well as medical and mental health comorbidities. Data collected from the medical record included: OSA severity, pre- and post-psychotherapy 90-day average nightly CPAP usage (in minutes), number of psychotherapy classes attended (out of 4) and number of sleep clinic visits at 90-days post-psychotherapy. We used descriptive statistics to provide summary data of this sample and t-test to evaluate Veteran's average CPAP usage per night and number of sleep clinic visits at 90-days post-psychotherapy between cohorts. Results: Compared to a cohort of in-person group psychotherapy to improve CPAP adherence, a telemedicine-based cohort demonstrated improvement in 90-day average nightly CPAP usage by an average of 76 minutes per night. (p=0.08) Additionally, patient engagement with the sleep clinic at 90 days following completion of telemedicine psychotherapy was significantly higher compared to in-person psychotherapy (p<0.001). Conclusion: In a haphazardly-collected convenient sample of veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine psychotherapy led to improved CPAP usage. Veterans who underwent telemedicine intervention also significantly increased engagement with the sleep clinic.
Correlations to improve room temperature ductility of refractory complex concentrated alloys

Abstract Room temperature tensile and compressive properties of refractory complex, concentrated alloys (RCCAs) have been analyzed to explore correlations capable of anticipating ductility in this growing class of structural materials. The Pugh-Pettifor and Rice-Thomson ductility criteria are generally satisfied by the current dataset, but the dataset does not cover a sufficiently wide range to provide a critical evaluation. A previously suggested ductility criterion based on the average valence electron concentration (VEC) of an alloy, i.e. abrupt ductile to brittle transition at VEC = 4.5, is not supported in the present study. A revised VEC criterion is suggested, but the data supporting this trend is sparse and additional work is needed. These three ductility criteria are evaluated using only single-phase RCCA data. A new ductility criterion based on the RCCA yield strength (σy) is suggested from the present work, using both single-phase and multi-phase data. RCCAs with commercially relevant tensile ductility have σy ≤ 1200 MPa, and alloys with compressive ductility of ≥30% (analyzed here to provide useful tensile ductility) have σy ≤ 1500 MPa. Strengthening models to predict σy in RCCAs may thus be used to anticipate alloys that may also possess useable levels of ductility.
Evaluating evaluation methods for generation in the presence of variation

Recent years have seen increasing interest in automatic metrics for the evaluation of generation systems. When a system can generate syntactic variation, automatic evaluation becomes more difficult. In this paper, we compare the performance of several automatic evaluation metrics using a corpus of automatically generated paraphrases. We show that these evaluation metrics can at least partially measure adequacy (similarity in meaning), but are not good measures of fluency (syntactic correctness). We make several proposals for improving the evaluation of generation systems that produce variation.
Modification of Cysteine

This unit describes a number of methods for modifying cysteine residues of proteins and peptides by reduction and alkylation procedures. A general procedure for alkylation of cysteine residues in a protein of known size and composition with haloacyl reagents or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) is presented, and alternate protocols describe similar procedures for use when the size and composition are not known and when only very small amounts of protein are available. Alkylations that introduce amino groups using bromopropylamine and N-(iodoethyl)-trifluoroacetamide are also presented. Two procedures that are often used for subsequent sequence analysis of the protein, alkylation with 4-vinylpyridine and acrylamide, are described, and a specialized procedure for 4-vinylpyridine alkylation of protein that has been adsorbed onto a sequencing membrane is also presented. Reversible modification of cysteine residues by way of sulfitolysis is described, and a protocol for oxidation with performic acid for amino acid compositional analysis is also provided. Gentle oxidation of cysteine residues to disulfides by exposure to air is detailed. Support protocols are included for recrystallization of iodoacetic acid, colorimetric detection of free sulfhydryls, and desalting of modified samples.
Data and device protection: A ToF‐SIMS, wetting, and XPS study of an Apple iPod nano

An important aspect of the robustness of an electronic device is its ability to resist water, fingerprints, dirt, and smudges that may compromise its ability to function and/or the information within it. Here, we report a chemical analysis by ToF-SIMS, wetting, and XPS of the surfaces in a commercially available Apple iPod nano (8GB, MC525LL/A), which showed good resistance to its environment. This analysis reveals that the front panel (touchscreen) of the device is coated with a low free energy fluorinated polymer that may consist of short segments of a fluorinated hydrocarbon connected through ether linkages. No other part of the device appears to have this hydrophobic coating. A plasma treatment of the device leads to a deterioration of its performance. This work demonstrates how different analytical techniques can complement each other and contribute to a better understanding of a surface or a material. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.