cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Links between within‐person fluctuations in hyperactivity/attention problems and subsequent conduct problems

Background The onset of hyperactivity/impulsivity and attention problems (HAP) is typically younger than that of conduct problems (CP), and some research supports a directional relation wherein HAP precedes CP. Studies have tested this theory using between-person and between-group comparisons, with conflicting results. In contrast, prior research has not examined the effects of within-person fluctuations in HAP on CP. Method This study tested the hypothesis that within-person variation in HAP would positively predict subsequent within-person variation in CP, in two population samples of youth (N = 620) who participated in identical methods of assessment over the course of 30 months. Three-level, hierarchical models were used to test for within-person, longitudinal associations between HAP and CP, as well as moderating effects of between-person and between-family demographics. Results We found a small but significant association in the expected direction for older youth, but the opposite effect in younger and non-Caucasian youth. These results were replicated across both samples. Conclusions The process by which early HAP relates to later CP may vary by age and racial identity.
Methods of Geologic Evaluation of Pollution Potential at Mountain Homesitesa

Development of mountain homesites is accelerating in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado. These homesites often require individual water wells and sewage disposal systems. Unfortunately, the widely used septic tankleach field system generally is not suited for use in the mountainous terrain where soils are thin or missing. Although current federal regulations call for six feet or more of soil at the leach field site, many of the individual sewage disposal systems now in operation in the Rocky Mountain Region of Colorado fail to meet this requirement. Sewage effluent at these sites may directly enter bedrock fractures and travel large distances without being purified. As a consequence, contamination of streams, lakes, and ground water from these malfunctioning leach fields has become a problem of increasing magnitude. Investigations of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic conditions at over 100 homesites in the Rocky Mountains of north-central Colorado have resulted in the development of objective criteria for evaluating pollution potential at mountain homesites. In addition, the results of these investigations indicate that contamination of water wells may be decreased significantly where geologic conditions are considered in the selection of sites for leach fields and wells. Although the results of these studies should be considered preliminary, they do tend to confirm that the orientation of jointing surfaces in the bedrock significantly affects the travel path of contaminants.
Measuring Alcohol-Specific Communication with Friends: Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Communication as Multidimensional

According to primary socialization theory, adolescents develop beliefs about alcohol by interacting with peers, as well as other socialization agents. Although communication is essential to this belief-formation process, few studies have identified the specific alcohol-related messages that adolescents exchange with their peers, and more specifically friends, that lead to certain anti- and/or pro-alcohol-related beliefs. Consequently, the goal of this study was to develop a multidimensional measure of alcohol-specific communication with friends. Based on survey data from 259 high school students, the results indicated that communication with friends involving warnings against drinking alcohol, disapproval of alcohol consumption, and making fun of others for drinking alcohol was negatively related to pro-alcohol beliefs and intentions. Communication with friends involving rumors, teasing each other about drinking alcohol, intentions to drink alcohol, different types of alcohol, experiences with alcohol, and talking about how many peers drink alcohol was positively related to pro-alcohol beliefs and intentions.
Subgroup Reporting and School Segregation

One of the more prominent features of the federal No Child Left Behind Act is the requirement that schools and districts track the performance of subgroups of students. While the law identifies several subgroups, including low-income and English-language learners, the low performance of black and Hispanic students should be of particular concern.
Plastic Design of Cover Plated Continuous Beams

Alternative plastic designs for 2-span beam loaded with concentrated forces; experimental evidence submitted to serve as justification for simple plastic method of design of nonprismatic members and to show some of short-comings in simple plastic theory. (J Eng Mechanics Div)
Estimating the Effect of Potential Entry on Market Outcomes Using a Licensure Threshold

We study the effects of potential entry on market outcomes in the context of Washington state's 2012 switch from a state-run monopoly to private liquor sales. Concern about alcohol-related crime prompted regulators to institute a 10,000 square foot licensure requirement to curtail entry. This store size threshold generates plausibly exogenous variation in the number of eligible entrants in local liquor markets across the state. We find that widening the pool of potential entrants has a small effect on pricing, but a significant effect on product offerings. In particular, markets with more potential entrants see a compositional shift in product offerings towards cheaper goods. Further, we find that the size requirement changes the composition of entrant size, rather than the aggregate number of entrants.
An Implantable Biofuel Cell for a Live Insect

A biofuel cell incorporating a bienzymatic trehalase|glucose oxidase trehalose anode and a bilirubin oxidase dioxygen cathode using Os complexes grafted to a polymeric backbone as electron relays was designed and constructed. The specific power densities of the biofuel cell implanted in a female Blaberus discoidalis through incisions into its abdomen yielded maximum values of ca. 55 μW/cm(2) at 0.2 V that decreased by only ca. 5% after ca. 2.5 h of operation.
Radiation Prevention in Children of Head CT Scan

Objective:To evaluate the measures of radiation prevention and decrease radiation level for head ct scan in children.Methods:with the principles of standardization in radiological practice and optimization in radiation prevention,appropriate scan parameters were selected and proper radiation prevention measures were performed.Results:Decreasing radiation level of child subjects could effectively protect them from radiation through above methods.Conclusions:radiation prevention must be enhanced in children CT scan from the recognition that children are much radiosensitive in the growth of development.
Informatization of Provincial Disease Control Institution in Context of Medical Reform

The requirements for the information resources management and information technical support of national reform program of medical and health system since the eleventh five-year plan are discussed.Some innovative ideas are put forward for the disease control institutions to accelerate the realization of national medical information goal by analyzing the current situation of the information construction,along with the main problems and tasks of informatization under the new situation in Tianjin CDC.
Detection of virulence genes by PCR in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from infants in Zhejiang

Objective:To comprehend the main serotypes and carriage status of virulence genes of EIEC,EPEC,ETEC causing diarrhoea among infants in Zhejiang.Methods:Fecal samples were inoculated to EC broth(without novobiocin) and after enrichment,then diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(E.coli) were isolated and identified with biochemical reactions and serum agglutination test.Finally all these isolates were screened for their virulence genes including ipaH gene in EIECs,BfpA(bundle-forming pilus) and eaeA genes in EPECs,ST and LT genes in ETECs.Results:Out of 200 fecal samples from diarrhea infants,6 EIECs,25 EPECs and 20 ETECs were obtained,with detective rates of 3.0%,12.5% and 10.0% respectively.1 EIEC was detected possessing ipaH with carriage rate of 16.7%(1/6);9 EPECs were detected possessing Bfpa gene with carriage rate of 36.0%(9/25) and 2 EPECs possessing eaeA gene with carriage rate of 8.0%(2/25);And 1 ETECs were detected possessing ST gene with carriage rate of 5.0%,no LT gene was detected.Conclusion:Because of its speediness and accuracy,PCR can be used to detect virulence genes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli on the basis of classic bacterial identification,thus providing supportive evidences for diarrhoea diagnosis in infants.
Conclusion: A New Technologic Synthesis: The Children's Vaccine Initiative

If the visionary goals of the Children's Vaccine Initiative (CVI) are to be achieved, it will have to be an initiating, integrating, and propelling force in the development, manufacturing, and use of vaccines. Success in solving the major technological challenges may depend first on solving the problem of incorporating the major players into the CVI. Today's relationship between private vaccine manufacturers and publicsector purchasers must give way to a new era of cooperation and coordination.
SU-F-T-167: Measurement of Proton Beam Spot Size Using a 2D Ion Chamber Array for Daily QA

Purpose: To develop an algorithm which can calculate the Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of a Proton Pencil Beam from a 2D dimensional ion chamber array (IBA Matrixx) with limited spatial resolution (7.6 mm inter chamber distance). The algorithm would allow beam FWHM measurements to be taken during daily QA without an appreciable time increase. Methods: Combinations of 147 MeV single spot beams were delivered onto an IBA Matrixx and concurrently on EBT3 films for a standard. Data were collected around the Bragg Peak region and evaluated by a custom MATLAB script based on our algorithm using a least squared analysis. A set of artificial data, modified with random noise, was also processed to test for robustness. Results: The Matlab script processed Matixx data shows acceptable agreement (within 5%) with film measurements with no single measurement differing by more than 1.8 mm. In cases where the spots show some degree of asymmetry, the algorithm is able to resolve the differences. The algorithm was able to process artificial data with noise up to 15% of the maximum value. Time assays of each measurement took less than 3 minutes to perform, indicating that such measurements may be efficiently added to daily QA treatment. Conclusion: The developed algorithm can be implemented in daily QA program for Proton Pencil Beam scanning beams (PBS) with Matrixx to extract spot size and position information. The developed algorithm may be extended to small field sizes in photon clinic.
Use of Omnipaque Intraoperative Dye in the Surgical Treatment of Pan-Spinal Epidural Abscesses: Technical Case Report.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Spinal epidural abscesses are difficult to diagnose and could have high morbidity and mortality if left untreated. If patients present with acute neurological deficits and evidence of a multilevel ventral spine abscess on neuroimaging, blood cultures should be taken and the abscess emergently evacuated in patients able to tolerate surgical interventions. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 57-year-old man presented with lower back pain, which progressed to include urinary retention and evidence of lumbar discitis/osteomyelitis on magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was started on antibiotic therapy. After the patient developed new cervical pain, interval magnetic resonance imaging showed extension of the abscess to involve the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine with intraventricular extension. The decision was made to perform a C4 corpectomy and insert a flexible ventriculoperitoneal catheter to serially flush out the abscess. Omnipaque dye was then used to ensure that the entire abscess was evacuated and no septations existed in the anterior epidural space. CONCLUSION The patient's neurological deficits completely resolved, and he is intact a year after the operation. In selected patients with pan-spinal epidural abscesses associated with acute neurological deficits, a combination of an open approach and a catheter-based procedure in addition to an intraoperative monitoring option to ensure complete evacuation of the abscess and absence of septations in the anterior epidural space is a low-morbidity option in the armamentarium of the surgeon.
Cultural, pathological, and environmental factors influencing treatment of soybean seeds with fungicides

Current recommendations that soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seeds be treated with fungicides, if they are of poor quality or to be planted in cool, wet soils, are too vague for the grower to be sure when treatment is warranted in the upper Midwest. This paper evaluates the effects of fungicide treatments on seeds with different quality characteristics under more precisely defined soil conditions than in previ­ ously reported studies. Seedlots of 'Cumberland', 'Wells', and 'Williams' with inferior quality due to age, damage, small size, or infection by Phomopsis spp. were treated with captan (N-trichloromethyl-thio-4-cyclohexene-l,2dicarboximide), carboxin-thiram (5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l, 4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide 17%, tetramethyithiuram disulfide 17%), metalaxyl (methyl D, L-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2methoxyacetyl) alanine methyl ester) or untreated. These were tested for emergence and yield in the field on two soil types at three different planting times in both 1980 and 1981. Captan and carboxin-thiram seed treatments were equally ef­ fective in increasing emergence in the laboratory and field of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infec­ tion, but metalaxyl did not. No seed treatment consistently improved field emergence of seeds with reduced quality because of mechanical damage, age, or size. There were no obvious differences in fungicide performance in relation to planting
Computational analysis of a pipe flow distributor for a thermocline based thermal energy storage system

The overall efficiency of a Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plant depends on the effectiveness of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system [1]. A single tank TES system consists of a thermocline region which produces the temperature gradient between hot and cold storage fluid by density difference [2]. Preservation of this thermocline region in the tank during charging and discharging cycles depends on the uniformity of the velocity profile at any horizontal plane. Our objective is to maximize the uniformity of the velocity distribution using a pipe-network distributor by varying the number of holes, distance between the holes, position of the holes and number of distributor pipes. For simplicity, we consider that the diameter of the inlet, main pipe, the distributor pipes and the height and the width of the tank are constant. We use Hitec® molten salt as the storage medium and the commercial software Gambit 2.4.6 and Fluent 6.3 for the computational analysis. We analyze the standard deviation in the velocity field and compare the deviations at different positions of the tank height for different configurations. Since, the distance of the holes from the inlet and their respective arrangements affects the flow distribution throughout the tank; we investigate the impacts of rearranging the holes position on flow distribution. Impact of the number of holes and distributor pipes are also analyzed. We analyze our findings to determine a configuration for the best case scenario.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Rama Raya (1484–1565): élite mobility in a Persianized world

Rama Raya appears in recorded history in 1512, when Sultan Quli Qutb al-Mulk enrolled this Telugu warrior as a military commander and holder of a land assignment in the newly emerged sultanate of Golkonda. By the early sixteenth century, royal patrons at Vijayanagara were building the monumental temples that have become today, in the popular imagination, iconic images of the state. In 1515 armies of Bijapur, one of Sultan Quli's rivals to the west and another Bahmani successor-state, invaded the districts under Rama Raya's charge. The view of Vijayanagara as the victim of Islamic aggression, and therefore of Talikota as some sort of titanic 'clash of civilizations', is informed by a highly reductionist view of the presumed essential character of both Vijayanagara and the northern sultanates. Most of the political culture of both Vijayanagara and its northern neighbors was Persian, whether elements of that culture had originated in Iran itself or had been transmitted through Iran en route to India.
Simple broadband Gysel combiner with a single coupled line

A coupled-Gysel broadband combiner/divider is proposed and demonstrated. The new concept relies on using a single coupled line segment in the design. Significant improvement in bandwidth are realized while maintaining low-loss, ease of design, and flexibility. The coupled-Gysel is demonstrated with a 2.5 – 8 GHz (105% fractional bandwidth) divider with 0.1 dB divider loss, and a 3.4 – 10.2 GHz (100% fractional bandwidth) with 0.2 dB divider loss.
LC-MS Data Analysis for Differential Protein Expression Detection

In proteomic studies, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a common platform to compare the abundance of various peptides that characterize particular proteins in biological samples. Each LC-MS run generates data consisting of thousands of peak intensities for peptides represented by retention time (RT) and mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values. In label-free differential protein expression studies, multiple LC-MS runs are compared to identify differentially abundant peptides between distinct biological groups. This approach presents a computational challenge because of the following reasons (i) substantial variation in RT across multiple runs due to the LC instrument conditions and the variable complexity of peptide mixtures, (ii) variation in m/z values due to occasional drift in the calibration of the mass spectrometry instrument, and (iii) variation in peak intensities caused by various factors including noise and variability in sample handling and processing. In this chapter, we present computational methods for quantification and comparison of peptides by label-free LC-MS analysis. We discuss data preprocessing methods for alignment and normalization of LC-MS data. Also, we present multivariate statistical methods and pattern recognition methods for detection of differential protein expression from preprocessed LC-MS data.
Intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular therapy for large vessel strokes can lead to significantly higher hospital costs without improving outcomes.

Background Limited efficacy of IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for large vessel occlusions (LVO) raises doubts about its utility prior to endovascular therapy. Purpose To compare outcomes and hospital costs for anterior circulation LVOs (middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery terminus (ICA-T)) treated with either primary endovascular therapy alone (EV-Only) or bridging therapy (IV+EV)). Methods A single-center retrospective analysis was performed. Clinical and demographic data were collected prospectively and relevant cost data were obtained for each patient in the study. Results 90 consecutive patients were divided into EV-Only (n=52) and IV+EV (n=38) groups. There was no difference in demographics, stroke severity, or clot distribution. The mean (SD) time to presentation was 5:19 (4:30) hours in the EV-Only group and 1:46 (0:52) hours in the IV+EV group (p Conclusions IV rt-PA did not improve recanalization, thrombectomy efficacy, functional outcomes, or length of stay. Combined therapy was associated with significantly higher total and direct hospital costs than endovascular therapy alone.
MicroRNA Transfer Between Bone Marrow Adipose and Multiple Myeloma Cells.

Purpose of Review Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, largely due to the tumor-supportive role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is one component of the fertile microenvironment which is believed to contribute to myeloma progression and drug resistance, as well as participate in a vicious cycle of osteolysis and tumor growth.
The Virtues of Nonviolent Struggle

There is an emerging consensus in the study of mass-based political resistance that successful nonviolent campaigns leave in their wake political conditions suitable for democracy and stability. The following paper subjects this claim to closer scrutiny. Using theory grounded in the study of conflict, revolution, and democratic transition, we make the case that a resistance campaign’s duration is an important driver of its downstream effects. Sudden victory is likely to leave important questions about the balance of capabilities between and within interest groups unanswered. It may also create a destabilizing legitimacy deficit for the entity endowed with the status of incumbency once calm is restored. Further complicating matters, we argue, is the fact that the benefits of struggling en route to victory are not distributed equally across violent and nonviolent movements. To test our precise hypotheses on these points, we examine four post-campaign outcome variables in a large-N framework: levels of democracy, electoral manipulation, coup detat attempts, and violent conflict. With the aid of flexible modeling and sensitivity analysis, we make the case that campaign duration significantly moderates the long-term political effects of mass-based nonviolent resistance, with harder-fought victories yielding more positive outcomes.
Multi-Kernel, Deep Neural Network and Hybrid Models for Privacy Preserving Machine Learning

The rapid rise of IoT and Big Data can facilitate the use of data to enhance our quality of life. However, the omnipresent and sensitive nature of data can simultaneously generate privacy concerns. Hence, there is a strong need to develop techniques that ensure the data serve the intended purposes, but not for prying into one's sensitive information. We address this challenge via utility maximizing lossy compression of data. Our techniques combine the mathematical rigor of Kernel Learning models with the structural richness of Deep Neural Networks, and lead to the novel Multi-Kernel Learning and Hybrid Learning models. We systematically construct the proposed models in progressive stages, as motivated by the cumulative improvement in the experimental results from the two previously non-intersecting regimes, namely, Kernel Learning and Deep Neural Networks. The final experimental results of the three proposed models on three mobile sensing datasets show that, not only are our methods able to improve the utility prediction accuracies, but they can also cause sensitive predictions to perform nearly as bad as random guessing, resulting in a win-win situation in terms of utility and privacy.
Fractionated Proton Beam Therapy for Acoustic Neuromas: Tumor Control and Hearing Preservation

Abstract Purpose: This prospective cohort evaluated patients with acoustic neuroma treated with proton irradiation at Loma Linda University Medical Center. A dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions was given to improve hearing preservation while maintaining tumor control. Patients and Methods: Ninety-five patients were treated from March 1991 to March 2008. Fractionated proton radiotherapy at daily doses of 1.8 Gy was employed. Patients were treated to 1 of 3 total doses: 59.4 Gy, used initially for patients without serviceable hearing; 54 Gy, used for patients with serviceable hearing through October 2000; and 50.4 Gy used since 2001 for patients with serviceable hearing. Survival and local control were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic regression analysis was preformed comparing dose, tumor size, and tumor location with hearing preservation. Results: Ninety-four patients were assessable; the median follow-up was 64 months. Five-year local control rates for the 59.4 Gy, 54 Gy, and 50.4 Gy groups...
Melting of scalar hadrons in an AdS/QCD model modified by a thermal dilaton

Abstract We consider an AdS/QCD model at finite temperature with a dilaton field that we call thermal because, in addition to depending on the holographic coordinate, it also depends on temperature. We study two thermal dilatons in this work such that at T = 0 they are reduced to the dilatons used by some authors. With these dilatons it is possible to obtain melting temperatures for mesons close to 180 MeV and also make predictions for other hadrons. We use a procedure based on the analysis of the holographic potential related to the E.O.M. for modes dual to hadrons to calculate melting temperatures. This technique is easy to implement, and it produces results close to the one obtained from a more rigorous working with spectral functions to calculate hadron melting temperatures; therefore, it could be considered a first fast testing criterion for soft wall-like models at finite temperature.
Near-Quantum-Limited Double-Sideband Noise Temperatures through Room-Temperature Plasmonic Heterodyne Terahertz spectrometrs

We characterize sensitivity of plasmonic heterodyne terahertz spectrometers using standard Y-factor noise temperature measurements and demonstrate near-quantum-limited sensitivities at room temperature. We demonstrate double-sideband noise temperatures of 120–270 Kover 0.1-2 THz.
Methode zur Auslegung tragender Bauteile aus Faserverbundkunststoff

Vermehrt wird untersucht, wie Faserverbundkunststoffe auch bei tragenden und sicherheitsrelevanten Bauteilen im Fahrzeug verwendet werden konnen. Eine Studie der Volkswagen Forschung hatte zum Ziel, eine B-Saule aus Faserverbundmaterial auszulegen und dabei eine robuste und effiziente Designmethode zu entwickeln, um die Komponente hinsichtlich Leistungsfahigkeit, Gewicht und Herstellungskosten wettbewerbsfahig zu gestalten. Das Projekt wurde mit Unterstutzung von Altair Engineering durchgefuhrt.
Organization Promotes Safety: A Step Forward

This chapter outlines the accidental instillation of lidocaine instead of bupivacaine into the intrathecal space in a healthy patient undergoing a cesarean section. Luckily, no adverse outcome was noted; however, not all syringe swaps are so benign. With patients living longer and disease processes becoming more advanced, anesthetic management has become more complicated. Multiple drugs may be drawn up rapidly in order to acutely manage a sick patient. With the growing need for efficiency in the operating room comes the increased risk of drug errors, accidental needlestick injuries, and contamination. In order to protect both the patient and the provider from these hazards, a well-organized and systematic approach that addresses the potential for error at all stages is necessary. This chapter proposes a standardized way to organize drugs for a basic general anesthetic case, syringes and instruments for placing central venous catheters, as well as offers a unique approach for organizing the spinal and epidural trays in a way that should theoretically decrease these potential hazards. It is important to note that the most crucial aspect of establishing patient and provider safety in the workplace is having a method that is well thought out and practiced routinely by its providers.
Design and characterization of Ion sources for CHIP-TRAP

At Central Michigan University, we are developing a high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometer (CHIP-TRAP) for precise mass measurements with stable and long-lived isotopes. Ions will be produced using external ion sources and then transported to the Penning trap at low energy using electrostatic ion optics. Ion sources that will be utilized with CHIP-TRAP include a laser ablation ion source (LAS) that has already been commissioned, and a low current Penning ion trap (PIT) source that is currently being developed. The LAS enables ion production from solid targets via ablation and ionization with a high-powered laser pulse. The PIT source is a novel Penning ionization gauge (PIG) type source, consisting of a 0.55 T NdFeB ring magnet, cylindrical Penning trap, and low current thermal electron emitter that enables ion production via electron impact ionization of gaseous samples. For both ion sources, small bunches of ∼100 – 1000 ions can be produced from a minimal sample of source material. The ion bunches are then transported along the CHIP-TRAP beamline, where time-of-flight mass filtering can be performed before they are captured in the CHIP-TRAP Penning traps.
Get Rich or Die Tryin': Perceived Earnings, Perceived Mortality Rates, and Migration Decisions of Potential Work Migrants from Nepal

This article reports on a randomized field experiment in which potential work migrants from Nepal to Malaysia and the Persian Gulf countries are provided with information on wages and mortality inc...
Beyond a House of Sticks: Formalizing Metadata Tags with Brick

Current efforts establishing semantic metadata standards for the built environment span academia [3], industry [1] and standards bodies [2, 28]. For these standards to be effective, they must be clearly defined and easily extensible, encourage consistency in their usage, and integrate cleanly with existing industrial standards, such as BACnet. There is a natural tension between informal tag-based systems that rely upon idiom and convention for meaning, and formal ontologies amenable to automated tooling. We present a qualitative analysis of Project Haystack [1], a popular tagging system for building metadata, and identify a family of inherent interpretability and consistency issues in the tagging model that stem from its lack of a formal definition. To address these issues, we present the design and implementation of the Brick+ ontology, a drop-in replacement for Brick [3] with clear formal semantics that enables the inference of a valid Brick model from an informal Haystack model, and demonstrate this inference across five Haystack models.
Graded exposure and orthopedic manual physical therapy for kinesiophobia and function in chronic temporomandibular dysfunction: A case report

This case report describes the successful use of multi-modal physical therapy (PT), including orthopedic manual physical therapy (OMPT) and graded exposure, in a patient with chronic temporomandibu...
Corrigendum: Zika Virus Infection Results in Biochemical Changes Associated With RNA Editing, Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses in Aedes albopictus.

Rapid and significant range expansion of both the Zika virus (ZIKV) and its Aedes vector species has resulted in the declaration of ZIKV as a global health threat. Successful transmission of ZIKV by its vector requires a complex series of interactions between these entities including the establishment, replication and dissemination of the virus within the mosquito. The metabolic conditions within the mosquito tissues play a critical role in mediating the crucial processes of viral infection and replication and represent targets for prevention of virus transmission. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive metabolomic phenotyping of ZIKV infected and uninfected Ae. albopictus by untargeted analysis of primary metabolites, lipids and biogenic amines. We performed a comparative metabolomic study of infection state with the aim of understanding the biochemical changes resulting from the interaction between the ZIKV and its vector. We have demonstrated that ZIKV infection results in changes to the cellular metabolic environment including a significant enrichment of inosine and pseudo-uridine (Ψ) levels which may be associated with RNA editing activity. In addition, infected mosquitoes demonstrate a hypoglycemic phenotype and show significant increases in the abundance of metabolites such as prostaglandin H2, leukotriene D4 and protoporphyrinogen IX which are associated with antiviral activity. These provide a basis for understanding the biochemical response to ZIKV infection and pathology in the vector. Future mechanistic studies targeting these ZIKV infection responsive metabolites and their associated biosynthetic pathways can provide inroads to identification of mosquito antiviral responses with infection blocking potential.
Inside the Black Box of Organizational Life: The Gendered Language of Performance Assessment:

Organizations implement formalized procedures to eliminate the biasing effects of gender and other characteristics on evaluations. Prior work shows managers play a key role, but researchers have be...
Investigation of Racial Bias in an Epilepsy Machine Learning Algorithm Trained on Physician Notes

Purpose: There are 470,000 children with epilepsy in the United States, of which 20-40% are drug-resistant and may be candidates for resective epilepsy surgery. Surgical treatment has drastically better outcomes than continuing pharmacotherapy alone. Racial disparities in the utilization of epilepsy surgery are well documented. It is unknown if a machine learning (ML) algorithm trained on physician notes would produce biased recommendations for epilepsy presurgical evaluations. Our objective was to assess the impact of patient demographics on ML recommendations for epilepsy surgical candidacy. Methods: …
Comparison of time to healing and major complications after surgical fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck stress fractures: A systematic review

Abstract Introduction There is no recent literature review comparing outcomes of fixation methods for nondisplaced stress fractures of the femoral neck. Methods A systematic review of the literature on operative fixation of femoral neck stress fractures was performed. Inclusion criteria consisted of diagnosis of nondisplaced femoral neck stress fractures, implants used for fixation, articles in English language or available English translation, all ages, and Level 1-5 evidence, documented time to healing, and incidence of complications. Statistical analysis was performed to compare outcomes. Results Eight studies with 13 subjects and 15 fractures undergoing operative fixation were included. Six fracture were compression sided, five were tension sided, and four were complete. Radiographic healing occurred on average at 32.7 ± 36.3 weeks (range 8-121 weeks). Four subjects were noted to have a metabolic disturbance. Six subjects did not participate in vigorous exercise. There were no complications. There was no significant difference in radiographic healing time between: cannulated screws or SHS ± osteotomy (p = 0.21); compression sided, tension sided, or complete fractures (p = 0.41); ages (p = 0.09); sex (p = 0.09) or individuals with or without metabolic disturbances (p = 0.92). There was no difference between use of cannulated screw fixation, SHS + osteotomy, and SHS alone based on the subject's age (p = 0.27) or cannulated screw vs SHS ± osteotomy given subject's age (p = 0.19) or sex (p = 1.0). Time to full weight bearing (FWB) did not significantly differ between implants (p = 0.22). However, >8 weeks restricted weight bearing had increased healing times (p = 0.002). Discussion Time to healing was not dependent on subjects’ sex or age, fracture location, implant choice, or presence of metabolic abnormality. No complications were reported. Time to full weight bearing was not dependent on implant choice. However, restricted weight bearing beyond 8 weeks can lead to prolonged healing times. Fixation should be safe, effective and promote early weight bearing and mobilization.
Cryo-EM structures of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 visualize coupled substrate, sodium, and proton binding and transport

Human excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (hEAAT3) mediates glutamate uptake in neurons, intestine, and kidney. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of hEAAT3 in several functional states where the transporter is empty, bound to coupled sodium ions only, or fully loaded with three sodium ions, a proton, and the substrate aspartate. The structures suggest that hEAAT3 operates by an elevator mechanism involving three functionally independent subunits. When the substrate-binding site is near the cytoplasm, it has a remarkably low affinity for the substrate, perhaps facilitating its release and allowing the rapid transport turnover. The mechanism of the coupled uptake of the sodium ions and the substrate is conserved across evolutionarily distant families and is augmented by coupling to protons in EAATs. The structures further suggest a mechanism by which a conserved glutamate residue mediates proton symport.
Immunotherapy Is Associated with a Survival Benefit in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy (IT) has led to improved survival in several common cancers but success in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been limited. We analyzed if combination IT–chemothe...
Peak Reduction in a Residential Community Through Bayesian Optimization of Transactive Control Signals

Daily residential power consumption in aggregate tends to have a large peak that places stress on the distribution system and induces high operational costs. This work shows that coordinated transactive control of noncritical loads within a residential community or microgrid can help to alleviate peak-time stress on the distribution system by flattening the aggregate load curve. Treating the load forecaster as a high-fidelity, expensive black-box function, a new algorithm utilizing Bayesian optimization (BO) is proposed to achieve the best solution under uncertainty with minimal computing effort. The proposed BO algorithm manipulates the shape of the load based on transactive signals sent to each home. The thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) act out of self-interest in response to the given price while maintaining comfort, and the optimizer exploits the thermal energy retention of the homes for the benefit of the community. Simulations confirm consistent neighborhood-level peak power reduction and energy cost savings.
A nanoscale study of size scale, strain rate, temperature, and stress state effects on damage and fracture of polyethylene

Abstract The mechanical properties and damage behavior of amorphous polyethylene are investigated using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The influence of time, temperature, size scale, and stress state are extensively studied to gather insights into the complex nature of glassy polymers and the related damage process of void formation during dynamic loading conditions. The Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) is employed to model interatomic interactions, balancing computational efficiency with a superior description of free surfaces and void formation to provide a detailed analysis of the progression of damage in the form of nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids. The MD simulations capture the evolution of the number and size of voids and are shown to correlate to specific regimes of the stress-strain response. Particular attention is given to the quantification of void coalescence and the influence coalescence has on the growth and nucleation rates of voids. A nanoscale parameter, the critical Inter-void Ligament Distance (ILD), is defined for the initiation of void coalescence, and is found to be about 0.75 void diameters resulting in the enhancement of void growth and the restriction of void nucleation once the critical ILD is achieved. This study provides important insight into the damage progression of glassy polymers that cannot be defined through current experimental techniques.
Multilevel barriers and facilitators of communication in pediatric oncology: A systematic review.

Multiple factors can facilitate or impede the fulfillment of communication functions in pediatric cancer. In this systematic review, we evaluated 109 studies from the preceding 20 years that presented qualitative or quantitative evidence of barriers or facilitators to communication in pediatric cancer. Using a multilevel framework developed in our prior study, we then analyzed and categorized the levels of barriers and facilitators identified in included studies. The vast majority of studies focused on individual-level barriers, rather than team, organization/system, collaborating hospital, community, or policy-level barriers. Future studies should explore the full range of factors that affect communication.
WIENER ANALYSIS OF THE HODGKIN-HUXLEY EQUATIONS

Scientific efforts to understand the basic mechanisms of information processing and coding in the nervous system have produced a lot of remarkable work on the generation mechanism of action potentials (spikes), the properties of excitable membranes and the dynamic transformations of spike trains as they travel through the nervous system. Since the pivotal work of Hodgkin and Huxley (1952), who first proposed a quantitative dynamic model for the generation mechanism of action potentials in the squid axon, many competent investigators have explored mathematical aspects (for review see Cronin, 1987) and modifications of the original Hodgkin Huxley (H-H) model, motivated by a variety of reasons. Attempts to simplify the H-H model (i.e., reduce its complexity while maintaining its essential functional characteristics) have been motivated by the need to develop workable models of neuronal aggregates (networks) that incorporate the essential features of the spike generation mechanism while, at the same time, retain manageable computational complexity.
Do you hear what I hear, do you see what I see

Under the theoretical framework of the General Aggression Model (Anderson & Bushman, 2002), this study investigated the effects of watching and listening to violent rap music videos and rap audio recordings on aggressive cognitions using a mixed betweenwithin subjects design. We hypothesize that violent content would prime aggressive cognitions regardless of media mode (song alone or music video). Additionally, an interaction between mode and content was hypothesized in which we predicted that violent music videos would have a greater effect on aggression cognitions than violent audio tracks. Aggressive cognition was measured using a word pronunciation task that recorded reaction times to violent and non-violent words. The results lend support to both hypotheses. The results are discussed with regard to the General Aggression Model. Implications for theory, as well as future directions for research are discussed.
New Directions in Solitons and Nonlinear Periodic Waves: Polycnoidal Waves, Imbricated Solitons, Weakly Nonlocal Solitary Waves, and Numerical Boundary Value Algorithms

Publisher Summary This chapter describes polycnoidal waves, periodic waves as exact imbricate series of solitons, and numerical boundary value algorithms for direct computation of solitons. Polycnoidal waves are the spatially periodic generalizations of multiple solitons. Their theory explores what happens when solitary waves are not solitary, but instead form periodic wave trains. The nonlinear Fourier transform and theta function formalism are both extensions of inverse scattering. In contrast, the Stokes series and the Newton/Fourier/continuation polyalgorithm are direct methods that bypass inverse scattering completely. Imbricate series is an offshoot of polycnoidal theory that has acquired a life of its own. Inverse scattering-soluble equations often allow an exact nonlinear superposition principle. Imbricate series show that each soliton may behave as an independent dynamical system even when very close to other solitary waves. Crude finite difference discretizations have been replaced by exponentially accurate pseudospectral algorithms. Truncated domains have been rendered obsolete by new spectral basis sets, such as rational Chebyshev functions, which compute on the infinite domain. The generalization of the concept of a solitary wave is also presented.
The Problem of Unemployment

This chapter focuses on the problems of unemployment. Unemployment is a devastating problem. Economists have studied the unemployment problem for years, but their efforts have not produced a final solution. Unemployment is all the more serious because it affects both those who lose their jobs and those who keep them. Unemployment is usually measured by the government's unemployment rate. The numerator of the unemployment rate is the number of unemployed workers. The chapter discusses the unemployment rate and reasons for the uncertainty about the number of employed people. Full employment is an economic goal, but the definition of full employment is uncertain. Employers (labor demand) and workers (labor supply) meet in the labor market. Rising unemployment rates are observed in a variety of situations. Falling aggregate demand is one cause. Unemployment is made worse when wages are sticky and refuse to fall. Sticky wages create unemployment even when demand is stable—if the supply of labor increases.
Germany Homeschoolers as "Particular Social Group": Evaluation Under Current U.S. Asylum Jurisprudence

Thirty years after the enactment of the Refugee Act of 1980, the Board of Immigration Appeals and U.S. courts and have not reached consensus on a uniform definition for the protected category of “particular social group.” The lack of consensus has created much confusion and inconsistent results for applicants seeking asylum in the United States. This Note examines one family’s grant of asylum as a vehicle for analyzing the two main approaches to “particular social group” and argues that the current treatment of the two standards as mutually exclusive by the BIA and the federal courts is inconsistent with the U.N. Guidelines. The Note concludes that U.S. jurisprudence on “particular social group” should mirror the approach of the U.N. Guidelines, which envisions broader protection under that category.
Repurposing climate reconstructions for drought prediction in Southeast Asia

Climate information may help smallholder farmers in Southeast Asia takeinformed risks and reduce their climate vulnerability. Model-based seasonalforecasts are limited in the skill they offer with longer lead times, and intheir accessibility to farmers in remote regions. Climate reconstructions derivedfrom tree rings can complement model-based forecasts, providing probabilisticestimates of future climate at an annual resolution. This study demonstratesthe skill of PDSI reconstructions derived from the Monsoon Asia DroughtAtlas (MADA) to forecast a climate signal several years into the future, andillustrates the advantage of such information vis-a-vis the simple strategy ofassuming climate to persist from year to year. This work shows the potentialfor such climate reconstructions to improve inter-annual decisions on SoutheastAsian farms, and highlights the social research necessary to transmute thispotential into a valuable climate decision aid.In much of Southeast Asia the capacity of smallholder farmers to predict andprotect against drought is limited. Farmers commonly employ conservative, risk-averse strategies to farm planning and operation that reduce losses to climate-relateddamages, but that also reduce surpluses in years of favorable climate (Meinke andStone 2005). Farmers operating close to thresholds of sustenance and self-sufficiencywho fail to take advantage of these rents can fall into ‘poverty traps’ (Holling 2001;Sachs 2005), unable to lift themselves from degraded land conditions and a lackof capital. To help smallholders become informed risk takers and capitalize on the