cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2290: Crosstalk between ER and PI3K signaling pathways in human luminal type breast cancer and its therapeutic implications

Background: We have recently shown that the luminal B subtype breast cancer (BC) is associated with PI3K molecular signature. Breast tumors of the luminal B subtype generally have lower ER expression levels and/or activity and are more aggressive and less sensitive to endocrine therapy when compared to the luminal A tumors. To further investigate the role of PI3K signaling in BC luminal types and endocrine resistance, we have characterized an array of luminal A and B cell lines, as well as their endocrine resistant derivatives, to examine how modulation of the PI3K pathway can influence ER activity and endocrine sensitivity. Materials and Methods: We focused on endocrine resistant derivatives of two luminal A (ZR75-1 and BT483) and two luminal B (ZR75-B and CAMA-1) cell lines. Resistant clones were developed by long-term (>6 months) endocrine treatment [estrogen deprivation (ED) or ED plus Tamoxifen (Tam)]. IC50 values of the PI3K inhibitor BEZ-235 were determined in the parental and the endocrine resistant lines, and qRT-PCR was performed to measure the effect of the inhibitor on mRNA levels of ER and its regulated genes (e.g. PR, CAV1, IGF1R and IRS1). Cells were also treated (4 days) with Tam, BEZ-235, or the combination and growth inhibition assays were conducted to assess the drugs efficacy. Inducible PTEN knockdown clones were established in MCF7L and BT483 cell lines. Endocrine sensitivity of these clones was studied in vitro and in vivo, using xenograft mouse models. Results: Ten days of treatment showed that all parental lines were sensitive to endocrine therapy. In contrast, stabilized endocrine resistant cell lines showed similar cell growth rate under Tam or ED treatment compared to control E2 treatment (p>0.05). ZR75-1 endocrine resistant derivatives acquired higher sensitivity to BEZ-235 treatment compared to the parental (p Discussion: The inverse association between PI3K and ER pathways in luminal BC cell lines validates the relevance of these models for further studies. Endocrine resistant phenotype may be partially caused by activated PI3K signaling. Our data suggest that inhibition of PI3K signaling can restore ER levels and/or activity, thereby reversing the aggressive and hormonal-refractory phenotype of the tumors, and achieving improved endocrine therapy response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2290. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2290
A study of the domain structure of carbon black by both high-resolution dark-field electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction

High-resolution dark-field electron microscopy was used to observe the domain structure in IRB-2 carbon black. The domains are equiaxed with a dia. of 16±0.5 A. Most of them have their layerplanes tangent to the surface of the surface of the particle, but occasional domains are observed that are not oriented in this manner. The same carbon black has also been studied by X-ray diffraction techniques. The measured value of the domain size normal to the layer-planes is 16.5 A; this is in excellent agreement with the electron-microscopic observations. However, the measured values of the layer-plane size varies from 30 A to 43 A, depending on the method used to analyze the data.
The World Wide Web and the U.S. Political News Market

We propose a framework for understanding how the Internet has affected the U.S. political news market. The framework is driven by the lower cost of production for online news and consumers' tendency to seek out media that conform to their own beliefs. The framework predicts that consumers of Internet news sources should hold more extreme political views and be interested in more diverse political issues than those who solely consume mainstream television news. We test these predictions using two large datasets with questions about news exposure and political views. Generally speaking, we find that consumers of generally left-of-center (right-of-center) cable news sources who combine their cable news viewing with online sources are more liberal (conservative) than those who do not. We also find that those who use online news content are more likely than those who consume only television news content to be interested in niche political issues.
Autoionization and Exciton Annihilation in Anthracene

Abstract Evidence is presented that the intrinsic carrier generation process in anthracene is one of autoionization (AI) rather than a band-to-band transition. These results are also consistent with the assertion that at least at 6.3 eV, the AI intermediate state is the same, regardless of whether the energy is delivered by a single photon, or by an exciton-exciton process. We have shown that in many cases of “pure” anthracene crystals, there exist impurities that have an effective surface concentration of ∼5 × 10−5 mol fraction, as indicated by exciton quenching properties. These impurities are presumed to be oxygen. The effective exciton lifetime in the surface region is about 5 × 10−9 sec. We have also indicated how the Millikan condenser technique can be used to measure a variety of properties of the exciton.
The effect of OTK18 upregulation in U937 cells on neuronal survival

The intent of this study was to characterize the effect OTK18 upregulation in monocytic cells had on neuronal survival. The human monocytic cell line, U937, was differentiated into macrophages or left as an undifferentiated monocyte. These cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein and OTK18 (pEGFP-OTK18) or an empty control vector (pEGFP-N3). The supernatants from the transfected U937 cells were used to culture rat neuronal cells (PC12). A live/dead assay was performed to determine the effect of culturing on cell survival. The protein levels of the neurotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the neurotrophin, neurotrophin three (NT3), were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The results of the live/dead assay showed differential cell survival between conditions with pEGFP-OTK18 when compared to the control empty vector. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that OTK18 had an increased expression level when compared to the control. Lastly, NT3 protein levels were upregulated in treated cells with increased OTK18 expression, suggesting that OTK18 may play a role in neurotrophin production and consequently support neuronal survival.
Ultrasound elastography: enabling technology for image guided laparoscopic prostatectomy

Radical prostatectomy using the laparoscopic and robot-assisted approach lacks tactile feedback. Without palpation, the surgeon needs an affordable imaging technology which can be easily incorporated into the laparoscopic surgical procedure, allowing for precise real time intraoperative tumor localization that will guide the extent of surgical resection. Ultrasound elastography (USE) is a novel ultrasound imaging technology that can detect differences in tissue density or stiffness based on tissue deformation. USE was evaluated here as an enabling technology for image guided laparoscopic prostatectomy. USE using a 2D Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm was applied on data from ex vivo human prostate specimens. It proved consistent in identification of lesions; hard and soft, malignant and benign, located in the prostate's central gland or in the peripheral zone. We noticed the 2D DP method was able to generate low-noise elastograms using two frames belonging to the same compression or relaxation part of the palpation excitation, even at compression rates up to 10%. Good preliminary results were validated by pathology findings, and also by in vivo and ex vivo MR imaging. We also evaluated the use of ultrasound elastography for imaging cavernous nerves; here we present data from animal model experiments.
Effect of plate working length on plate stiffness and cyclic fatigue life in a cadaveric femoral fracture gap model stabilized with a 12-hole 2.4 mm locking compression plate

There are several factors that can affect the fatigue life of a bone plate, including the mechanical properties of the plate and the complexity of the fracture. The position of the screws can influence construct stiffness, plate strain and cyclic fatigue of the implants. Studies have not investigated these variables in implants utilized for long bone fracture fixation in dogs and cats. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plate working length on construct stiffness, gap motion and resistance to cyclic fatigue of dog femora with a simulated fracture gap stabilized using a 12-hole 2.4 mm locking compression plates (LCP). Femora were plated with 12-hole 2.4 mm LCP using 2 screws per fracture segment (long working length group) or with 12-hole 2.4 mm LCP using 5 screws per fracture segment (a short working length group). Construct stiffness did not differ significantly between stabilization techniques. Implant failure did not occur in any of the plated femora during cycling. Mean ± SD yield load at failure in the short plate working length group was significantly higher than in the long plate working length group. In a femoral fracture gap model stabilized with a 2.4 mm LCP applied in contact with the bone, plate working length had no effect on stiffness, gap motion and resistance to fatigue. The short plate working length constructs failed at higher loads; however, yield loads for both the short and long plate working length constructs were within physiologic range.
1024 APGAR SCORES IN INFANTS LESS THAN 1500 GRAMS (LBW)

Apgar scores have been used to assess intrapartum asphyxia and to predict the association of perinatal insult with ultimate outcome. We tested the association of the one-minute Apgar Score and intrapartum asphyxia in LBW infants (n-38) by measuring umbilical artery pH and base excess (BE) from double clamped cord and by comparing infant survival with One- and Five-minute Apgar scores (n=153). There was no correlation between Apgar score and cord pH or BE. pH varied from 6.91 to 7.55 and BE from -18 to -3 in the LBW infants with one-minute Apgar scores of 3 or less. In infants with Apgars of 4-7, pH varied from 7.13 to 7.50 and BE from -13 to -4. No consistent effect of anesthesia was apparent Survival was not predicted by cord pH or BE. 85% of LBW infants with one minute Apgars of 7 or greater survived. 46% of LBW infants with Apgars of 3 or less survived. The 5 minute Apgar score was also imprecise in predicting survival, since 25% of LBW infants with Apgars 7 expired. The Apgar score is not a reliable reflection of the intrapartum condition in LBW infants and is an imprecise predictor of survival. Low Apgar scores in LBW infants should not be used, formally or informally, to decide intervention in the delivery room.
Traumatic ileocolic pseudoaneurysm: diagnosis and transcatheter treatment.

Injuries to branches of the superior mesenteric artery are unusual and often difficult to diagnose, yet require prompt recognition and treatment to prevent exsanguinating hemorrhage or bowel ischemia. This report describes a unique case of an ileocolic artery pseudoaneurysm diagnosed using delayed CT imaging and definitively treated by transcatheter embolization. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 48:217–219, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Visual Dominance in a Lateral Plane Motor Learning Task

Visual dominance was investigated in a motor learning task with the criterion movement being in the lateral plane of the body. The criterion movement was a 10-in. abduction of the arm. All subjects received four presentation trials for the criterion movement in each of the following conditions: dominant rotated arm, dominant unrotated arm, nondominant rotated arm, and nondominant unrotated arm. Three independent groups of 10 college-age subjects differed according to sensory stimuli given during presentation trials. The Kinesthetic group was blindfolded for presentation trials. The Visual and Kinesthetic group was unblindfolded for presentation trials. The Alternating group was blindfolded on half of the presentation trials and unblindfolded on the other half. All subjects carried out five blindfolded reproduction trials for each of the four conditions. Absolute error for the length of the reproduced movements was measured and no significant difference between groups was found. This suggests that visual d...
Paradoxes of pure curiosity

We consider how a rational decision theorist would justify committing resources to an investigation designed to satisfy pure curiosity. We derive a strange result about the need to be completely open-minded about the outcome.
Caspase-9 mediates synaptic plasticity and memory deficits of Danish dementia knock-in mice: caspase-9 inhibition provides therapeutic protection

Background: Mutations in either Aβ Precursor protein (APP) or genes that regulate APP processing, such as BRI2/ ITM2B and PSEN1/PSEN2, cause familial dementias. Although dementias due to APP/PSEN1/PSEN2 mutations are classified as familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) and those due to mutations in BRI2/ITM2B as British and Danish dementias (FBD, FDD), data suggest that these diseases have a common pathogenesis involving toxic APP metabolites. It was previously shown that FAD mutations in APP and PSENs promote activation of caspases leading to the hypothesis that aberrant caspase activation could participate in AD pathogenesis. Results: Here, we tested whether a similar mechanism applies to the Danish BRI2/ITM2B mutation. We have generated a genetically congruous mouse model of FDD, called FDDKI, which presents memory and synaptic plasticity deficits. We found that caspase-9 is activated in hippocampal synaptic fractions of FDDKI mice and inhibition of caspase-9 activity rescues both synaptic plasticity and memory deficits. Conclusion: These data directly implicate caspase-9 in the pathogenesis of Danish dementia and suggest that reducing caspase-9 activity is a valid therapeutic approach to treating human dementias.
The Experimental Measurement of a Social Hierarchy in Gallus Domesticus: V. The Post-Mortem Measurement of Anatomical Features

Resume LA MESURE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE HIERARCHIE SOCIALE CHEZ GALLUS DOMESTICUS: V. LA MESURE POST MORTEM DES TRAITS ANATOMIQUES Les cinq membres survivants d'une hierarchie sociale, Gallus domesticus mǎle, ont subi diverses mesures physiques et analyses du sang. Dans les mesures physiques il s'agit surtout de la těte, du bec, de la crěte, de la barbe, des jambes, des orteils, des eperons, des intestins, des glandes endocrines, etc. Les analyses du sang se sont composees d'un compte du sang et de la determination chimique du nitrogene non proteine et de la creatinine. Aucunes de ces mesures n'ont indique une relation reguliere avec les reflexes sociaux. Il ne semble pas du tout probable que la grandeur de la structure anatomique seule ait une relation importante avec les reflexes sociaux. Ce resultat ne repond pas tout de bon a la question de la fonction physiologique quant au rang dans une hierarchie sociale, et cette question reste ouverte pour l'investigation experimentale. On suggere que l'on fait de t...
2,6‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylpyridine (DTBMP)

[38222-83-2] C14H23N (MW 205.34) InChI = 1S/C14H23N/c1-10-8-11(13(2,3)4)15-12(9-10)14(5,6)7/h8-9H,1-7H3 InChIKey = HVHZEKKZMFRULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (sterically hindered non-nucleophilic Bronsted base that may be protonated by Bronsted acids but does not react with Lewis acids) Alternate Name: 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylpyridine, DTBMP. Physical Data: mp 34 °C; bp 223 °C/760 Torr, 150 °C/95 Torr; nD20 1.4763; Fp 84 °C; enthalpy of vaporization: 45 kJ/mol; vapor pressure 0.087 Torr at 25 °C; pKa 4.41 (50% EtOH). Solubility: sparingly soluble in H2O at pH > 7, slightly soluble at pH 4, and soluble at pH 1; soluble in EtOH, AcOH, Et2O, Me2CO. Form Supplied in: white solid at temperatures lower than 30 °C. Purification: chromatography on activated alumina, recrystallization from cold pentane, sublimation, or distillation under reduced pressure. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: may be stored indefinitely; irritant, potentially toxic, handle with care. Use in a fume hood. salts trifluoromethanesulfonate, mp 203 °C; hexachloroplatinate mp 213–214 °C (dec.).
Characterization of the split ends-like gene spenito reveals functional antagonism between SPOC family members during Drosophila eye development

The novel family of SPOC domain proteins is composed of broadly conserved nuclear factors that fall into two subclasses, termed large and small, based on protein size. Members of the large subgroup, which includes Drosophila SPEN and human SHARP, have been characterized as transcriptional corepressors acting downstream of a variety of essential cell signaling pathways, while those of the small subclass have remained largely unstudied. Since SPEN has been implicated in Drosophila eye development, and the small SPOC protein NITO is also expressed in the developing eye, we have used this context to perform a structure–function analysis of NITO and to examine the relationship between the two SPOC family subclasses. Our results demonstrate that the phenotypes obtained from overexpressing NITO share striking similarity to those associated with loss of spen. Dosage-sensitive genetic interactions further support a model of functional antagonism between NITO and SPEN during Drosophila eye development. These results suggest that large and small SPOC family proteins may have opposing functions in certain developmental contexts.
Compact Millimeter-wave filters using distributed capacitively loaded CPW resonators

In this paper, a method for reducing the size of coplanar-waveguide (CPW) resonators, used in the design of compact bandpass filters, is presented. This is accomplished by incorporating a distributed array of capacitive loads along a resonant CPW line. Design of a miniaturized bandpass filter using capacitively loaded CPW resonators, which are inductively coupled, is presented. Inductively coupled bandpass filters with the proposed capacitively loaded CPW line resonators are designed and a size reduction of 25%, compared with filters using a standard CPW line resonator, is demonstrated. It is shown that, through this size reduction, the insertion loss is minimally increased (<0.4 dB). A hybrid algorithm, combining the method of moments (MOM) and circuit simulation is used to facilitate design process. Few filters using this technique are designed, fabricated, and measured at W-band. An excellent agreement between the simulation and measurement responses of these filters is presented.
CLIQUE clustering approach to detect denial-of-service attacks

We propose a grid based technique to mine the KDD Cup '99 data. We propose a novel idea of using mixed clustering technique called clustering in quest (CLIQUE) (R. Agrawal et al., 1998) in experiments with KDD Cup '99 data to detect attacks efficiently. Novelty lies in the fact that CLIQUE was never used on network traffic data. The results produced by CLIQUE when evaluated on synthetic data sets improved as the dimensionality of the data increased. Based on these results we assumed that CLIQUE can handle large database of high dimensional network traffic data efficiently. CLIQUE clustering technique is a combination of grid-based clustering and density-based clustering (R. Agrawal et al., 1998).
Mice heterozygous for the Mdr2 gene demonstrate decreased PEMT activity and diminished steatohepatitis on the MCD diet.

Background/Aims The administration of a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet to mice serves as an animal model of NASH. The multidrug resistant 2 (Mdr2) P-glycoprotein encodes for the canalicular phospholipid transporter, and Mdr2 (+/−) mice secrete 40% less phosphatidylcholine than wild-type mice. We have hypothesized that phosphatidylethanolamine- N -methyl transferase (PEMT) up-regulation is a consequence of MCD diet administration, and is important for the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis in this model. However, the effect of decreased phosphatidylcholine secretion and modulation of PEMT on the development of diet-induced steatohepatitis in Mdr2 (+/−) mice has not been explored. Thus, the purpose of the study is to examine the effects of the MCD diet on Mdr2 (+/−) mice. Methods Mdr2 (+/−) and Mdr2 (+/+) mice were treated with an MCD or control diet for up to 30 days, and the severity of steatohepatitis, PEMT activity and hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels were measured. Results Serum ALT levels, hepatic inflammation, and PEMT activity were significantly lower, and hepatic SAM:SAH ratios were significantly higher in Mdr2 (+/−) mice at 7 and 30 days on the MCD diet. Conclusions Mdr2 (+/−) mice have diminished susceptibility to MCD diet-induced NASH, which is associated with a relative decrease in PEMT activity and increased SAM:SAH ratios.
Staging queues in material handling and transportation systems

In most physical queueing applications, customers join a queue and move forward after each service, leaving room for others to join behind them. Some queues found in material handling and transportation systems do not operate like this because the queued entities (pallets or unoccupied cars, for example) are incapable of moving forward autonomously. We develop a model for the resulting staging queue, and give simulation results for several configurations.
Acylated proteins in Acholeplasma laidlawii

The covalent modification of membrane proteins by long-chain fatty acids was determined in two strains of Acholeplasma laidlawii by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled membranes. Of the more than 50 membrane polypeptides detected, approximately 30 were labeled with [3H]palmitate, whereas covalent binding of [3H]oleate to membrane proteins could not be demonstrated. We suggest that in these wall-less bacteria, membrane protein acylation with saturated fatty acids may serve to ensure the structural integrity of the membrane.
Towards knowledge-sharing and learning in virtual professional communities

This paper describes a program of research designed to understand how knowledge-sharing and learning can be supported in virtual communities. To conduct this research, we propose the development of a series of knowledge sharing tools and procedures followed by a rigorous evaluation of the use of these tools in real virtual community environments. The paper starts with a brief examination of relevant theory in knowledge management and learning. This leads to a comprehensive set of research questions. To investigate these questions, we next propose a set of tools for supporting collaboration, knowledge sharing and learning for distributed communities. Evaluation is also a vital element of this research.
Dynamic analysis of the relay cache-coherence protocol for distributed transactional memory

Transactional memory is an alternative programming model for managing contention in accessing shared in-memory data objects. Distributed transactional memory (TM) promises to alleviate difficulties with lock-based (distributed) synchronization and object performance bottlenecks in distributed systems. In distributed TM systems, both the management and consistency of a distributed transactional object are ensured by a cache-coherence protocol. The Relay protocol is a cache-coherence protocol that operates on a fixed spanning tree. The protocol efficiently reduces the total number of abortions for a given set of transactions. We analyze the Relay protocol for a set of transactions which are dynamically generated in a given time period, and compare the protocol's time complexity against that of an optimal offline clairvoyant algorithm. We show that Relay is O(log D)-competitive, where D is the diameter of the spanning tree, for a set of transactions that request the same object, given the condition that the maximum local execution time of transactions is sufficiently small.
Effects of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Ligands on Rat Brain γ‐Aminobutyric AcidB Receptors

This study shows that low nanomolar concentrations of the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine displaced [3H]baclofen labeling of gamma-aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) receptors, whereas similar concentrations of two calcium channel agonists stimulated this GABAB receptor labeling. Neither effect was likely to be due to dihydropyridine (DHP) binding to baclofen recognition sites, because the inhibitory ligand nifedipine primarily affected apparent receptor density rather than affinity. Although these results could reflect the coupling of GABAB receptors with calcium channels, they do not rule out other, possibly more direct interactions between GABAB receptors and DHP binding sites. These DHP effects occur at much lower concentrations and display other significant differences from previously reported effects of DHPs on other transmitter receptors.
Curvature measurement of 3D objects: evaluation and comparison of three methods

Many computer vision techniques (e.g., object recognition) use curvature as an image feature. Arbitrary, discrete, 3D surfaces are often encountered, for instance, in medical images (MRI is used as a particular example), but relatively few methods for estimating the curvature of these 3D surfaces have been proposed. Three such methods (the surface triangulation, cross patch, and partial derivative techniques) are described. These methods are used to locate curvature extrema (corners) in 3D images. The suitability of the methods for this application is evaluated and compared.
Design of built-in test generator circuits using width compression

We present a method for designing test generator circuits (TCCs) that incorporate a precomputed test set T/sub D/ in the patterns they produce. Our method uses width compression based on the property of d-compatibles as well as compatibles and inverse compatibles and does not require access to a gate-level model of the circuit under test. The TGC consists of a counter, which generates a set of encoded test patterns T/sub E/ and a decompression circuit, which consists of simple binary decoders that generate a final sequence containing T/sub D/. We show that partially specified test sets, i.e., those that contain a large number of don't-cares, lead to more efficient TGCs. These TGCs are applicable to embedded core circuits whose detailed designs are not available. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by presenting experimental results on width compression for the ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits and the full-scan versions of the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.
Economic returns of groundwater management sustaining an ecosystem service of dust suppression by alkali meadow in Owens Valley, California

Abstract This paper addresses the economic tradeoff between pumping groundwater and maintaining a native plant community that provides an ecosystem service of dust suppression. A dynamic ecological economic simulation model was created to assess net benefits of production (i.e., economic rent) from groundwater management while requiring a producer to maintain or restore native groundwater dependent vegetation in a well-field in Owens Valley, California. Historic groundwater withdrawal during dry conditions followed by recharge during wet conditions has reduced vegetation cover, soil stability and contributed to the drying of springs and seeps. Findings indicate adaptive management that pumps less water, but high volumes in wet years and low volumes in dry years, generates greater economic rent while supplying water, sustaining alkali meadow and maintaining dust suppression. Adaptive management generates economic rent of $82.6 million (in 2011 $) compared to status quo management of $30.5 million over 50 years pumping less annual groundwater than status quo at respective levels of 73% (6830 acre-ft; baseline conditions) and 56% (4952 acre-ft; climate change scenario). Under a climate change scenario and a 2.0 m root-zone or less, it would be cost effective to cease groundwater pumping rather than incur substantial restoration costs of the native plant community.
The Mefloquine Intoxication Syndrome: A Significant Potential Confounder in the Diagnosis and Management of PTSD and Other Chronic Deployment-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Intoxication with the antimalarial drug mefloquine (previously marketed as Lariam) is a potentially life-threatening condition marked by changes in affect, behavior, cognition, and thought that may be associated with a risk of central nervous system (CNS) neuronal injury as well as chronic neurological and psychiatric sequelae. The acute symptoms of mefloquine intoxication may mimic and be mistaken for a number of acute psychiatric disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Particularly in deployed settings, this may delay the correct diagnosis of mefloquine intoxication, risking subsequent morbidity. As the subacute and chronic psychiatric and neurologic sequelae of acute mefloquine intoxication may also confound the later diagnosis and management of PTSD, as well as other chronic neuropsychiatric disorders prevalent among deployed cohorts, health-care providers must screen for prior mefloquine exposure and consider the diagnosis of mefloquine intoxication in patients with appropriate history and findings on clinical evaluation.
A Quartic Spline Based on a Variational Approach

The C 2 continuous cubic spline can be viewed as the solution of a variational problem. The spline derived in this paper is obtained by solving a slightly different variational problem that depends on the input data. The goal is to obtain a spline that may have high second derivatives at the interpolated points and low second derivatives between two consecutive interpolated points. The solution is a C 2 continuous quartic spline.
Endocrine and neurogenic regulation of the Orphan nuclear receptors Nur77 and Nurr-1 in the adrenal glands

nurr77 and nurr-1 are growth factor-inducible members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor gene superfamily. In order to gain insight into the potential roles of nur77 in the living organism, we used pharmacologic treatments to examine the expression of nur77 in the mouse adrenal gland. We found that nur77 and nurr-1 are induced in the adrenal gland upon treatment with pentylene tetrazole (Ptz; Metrazole). This induction is separable into distinct endocrine and neurogenic mechanisms. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrates that nur77 expression upon Ptz treatment in the adrenal cortex is localized primarily to the inner cortical region, the zona fasciculata-reticularis, with minimal induction in the zona glomerulosa. This induction is inhibitable by pretreatment with dexamethasone, indicating involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the activation of adrenal cortical expression. When mice were injected with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), nur77 expression in the adrenal gland spanned all cortical layers including the zona glomerulosa, but medullary expression was not induced. Ptz also induces expression of both nur77 and nurr-1 in the adrenal medulla. Medullary induction is likely to have a neurogenic origin, as nur77 expression was not inhibitable by dexamethasone pretreatment and induction was seen after treatment with the cholinergic neurotransmitter nicotine. nur77 is also inducible by ACTH, forskolin, and the second messenger analog dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the ACTH-responsive adrenal cortical cell line Y-1. Significantly, Nur77 isolated from ACTH-stimulated Y-1 cells bound to its response element whereas Nur77 present in unstimulated cells did not. Moreover, Nur77 in ACTH-treated Y-1 cells was hypophosphorylated at serine 354 compared with that in untreated cells. These results, taken together with the previous observation that dephosphorylation of serine 354 affects DNA binding affinity in vitro, show for the first time that phosphorylation of Nur77 at serine 354 is under hormonal regulation, modulating its DNA binding affinity. Thus, ACTH regulates Nur77 in two ways: activation of its gene and posttranslational modification. A promoter analysis of nur77 induction in Y-1 cells indicates that the regulatory elements mediating ACTH induction differ from those required for induction in the adrenal medullary tumor cell line PC12 and in 3T3 fibroblasts.
Audience in computer learning: a constructionist interpretation

In 1993, a group of individuals from The Computer Museum, in collaboration with MIT Media Lab, responded to the challenge to close the "digital divide" by organizing a new type of computer center, the Computer Clubhouse, aimed at promoting true "technological fluency," allowing participants not only to consume computer applications but also to create, design, and implement their own ideas through technical mediation (Resnick & Rusk, 1996; Resnick, Rusk, & Cooke, 1998). The Intel Computer Clubhouse network uses a radical constructionist model, advocating learning through working on personally meaningful projects (Harel & Papert, 1991).
Malignant cerebral edema related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Abstract Background The neurological manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are varied and incompletely described. A few case series report a benign idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) related to SLE, which is responsive to immunotherapy. There are limited reports of patients with malignant cerebral edema, and diffuse white matter changes in the absence of central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis. Methods Case series from our tertiary care center and review of the relevant literature. Results Case one was a 32 year-old woman admitted with nausea, vomiting and cranial nerve palsies. Serology was significant for a diagnosis of probable SLE. MRI was performed and showed bilateral symmetric diffuse T2/FLAIR hyperintensities throughout the white matter and cerebral angiography was unremarkable. The patient developed recalcitrant cerebral edema with intracranial hypertension despite immunosuppressive therapies and subsequently expired. Post mortem evaluation showed a white matter inflammatory process, but no vascular changes consistent with CNS vasculitis. Case two was a 29 year-old woman with known SLE that presented with a loss of consciousness. Imaging included a CT that showed diffuse cerebral edema with white matter involvement and a normal cerebral angiogram. Again, despite maximal medical management the patient herniated resulting in death by neurologic criteria. Conclusions These two cases represent a syndrome of white matter changes and diffuse cerebral edema associated with SLE that have yet to be reported in the literature. It is unclear if this process has a similar pathology to SLE related IIH. Because this syndrome causes a fulminant cerebral edema, further research is needed to better understand the underlying pathology and identify potential treatment options.
A Principal Ideal Domain That Is Not a Euclidean Domain

(1988). A Principal Ideal Domain That Is Not a Euclidean Domain. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 9, pp. 868-871.
Distance Estimation Training: A Proposed Model of Transfer

Distance estimation is neither universally good nor universally bad. Rather, the level of accuracy generally depends on the task being performed. When misestimation does occur, training protocols have been implemented to improve one's ability to estimate distance. Unfortunately, results are mixed with regards to the effects of distance estimation training on subsequent task performance. Consequently, reliable statements regarding the conditions within which transfer will occur are limited. As a result, the ability to apply these mixed findings to real world situations is hampered. As a solution, a transfer model was created using the Two Visual Systems Hypothesis as a foundation. Interestingly, one area of the model lacks evidence. Specifically, the effects of perceptual-motor recalibration training on subsequent ventrally-guided distance estimation tasks are unclear.
Conversion of (R4N+)4[S4M4(SPh)16]4− Molecular Solids to Bulk Metal Sulfides

In this paper we report on the mechanism of the solid state conversion of a series of II/VI precursors of general formula (R4N+)4[S4M10(SPh)16]4- (R=Me, Et; M=Cd, Zn) to the bulk metal sulfide structure. This family of cluster compounds was first reported by Dance et al [1]. On heating these solids in vacuum or inert atmosphere, we find that they convert to the corresponding extended metal sulfide lattice in two discrete reaction steps. The overall reaction appears to be general, but there are interesting differences in the rates and mechanistic details as R and M are varied. The first step, -200°C, can be characterized as a nucleophilic substitution or elimination initiated by the attack of a fragment of the anion cluster on the tetra-alkyl ammonium counterion. The intermediate solid produced in this step has been isolated and recrystallized. It consists of charge neutral M10S16Ph12 clusters that retain the cluster size present in the starting material but appear to aggregate to varying degrees in the solid or solution.
Morphological imaging of the breast with multi-spectral diffuse optical tomography

We report on initial ex vivo and in vivo results for morphological imaging of the breast using our multi-spectral diffuse optical tomography (MSDOT) method.
Genetic diversity and association analysis of leafminer (Liriomyza langei) resistance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea).

Leafminer (Liriomyza langei) is a major insect pest of many important agricultural crops, including spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Use of genetic resistance is an efficient, economic, and environment-friendly method to control this pest. The objective of this research was to conduct association analysis and identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with leafminer resistance in spinach germplasm. A total of 300 USDA spinach germplasm accessions were used for the association analysis of leafminer resistance. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used for genotyping and 783 SNPs from GBS were used for association analysis. The leafminer resistance showed a near normal distribution with a wide range from 1.1 to 11.7 stings per square centimeter leaf area, suggesting that the leafminer resistance in spinach is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes with minor effect in this spinach panel. Association analysis indicated that five SNP markers, AYZV02040968_7171, AYZV02076752_412, AYZV0209...
Caregiving Tasks Among Family Caregivers of Patients With Lung Cancer

Purpose/objectives To describe family caregivers' perceptions of time spent and difficulty experienced with performing specific caregiving tasks for patients with lung cancer. To compare adult child and spousal caregivers in relation to time and difficulty of tasks. Design A secondary analysis of data from a study using a cross-sectional, descriptive, comparison design. Setting A university outpatient oncology center, two veterans administration outpatient clinics, and a private outpatient oncology practice. Sample 78 family caregivers of patients with lung cancer (62 spouses and 16 adult children). Methods Data that previously had been collected using a structured interview guide were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparison of item means, and multivariate analysis of variance. Main research variables Time and difficulty with caregiving tasks. Findings The most time-consuming tasks for adult children and spouses were providing emotional support, transportation, and monitoring symptoms. The most difficult duties were emotional support, behavioral management, monitoring symptoms, and household tasks. Time and difficulty of tasks did not differ significantly between adult child and spousal caregivers. Conclusions Some caregivers may require guidance in providing transportation, emotional support, behavioral management, and symptom management. Implications for nursing practice Oncology nurses can make a significant impact in assisting family members in providing care by addressing the provision of transportation, emotional support, behavioral management, and symptom management.
Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Investigate Complex Genetic Psychiatric Disorders

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from human patient tissue samples, differentiated into any somatic cell type, and studied under controlled culture conditions. We review how iPSCs are used to investigate genetic factors and biological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, and considerations for synthesizing data across studies. Results from patient specific-iPSC studies often reveal cellular phenotypes consistent with postmortem and brain imaging studies. Unpredicted findings illustrate the power of iPSCs as a discovery tool, but may also be attributable to limitations in modeling dynamic neural networks or difficulty in identifying the most affected neural subtype or developmental stage. Technological advances in differentiation protocols and organoid generation will enhance our ability to model the salient pathology underlying psychiatric disorders using iPSCs. The field will also benefit from context-driven interpretations of iPSC studies that recognize all potential sources of variability, including differences in patient symptomatology, genetic risk factors, and affected cellular subtype.
Demonic Warfare: Daoism, Territorial Networks, and the History of a Ming Novel

In his book, Demonic Warfare: Daoism, Territorial Networks, and the History of a Ming Novel, Mark Meulenbeld synthesizes his knowledge of Chinese religion, history, and literature to explain why th...
A generalization of the matrix transpose map and its relationship to the twist of the polynomial ring by an automorphism

A generalization of the notion of symmetric matrix was introduced by Cassidy and Vancliff in 2010 and used by them in a construction that produces quadratic regular algebras of finite global dimension that are generalizations of graded Clifford algebras. In this article, we further their ideas by introducing a generalization of the matrix transpose map and use it to generalize the notion of skew-symmetric matrix. With these definitions, an analogue of the result that every n × n matrix is a sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew-symmetric matrix holds. We also prove an analogue of the result that the transpose map is an antiautomorphism of the algebra of n × n matrices, and show that the antiautomorphism property of our generalized transpose map is related to the notion of twisting the polynomial ring on n variables by an automorphism.
The of Ice Game Hockey

(1935). The of Ice Game Hockey. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 28-55.
Physical gate based preamble obfuscation for securing wireless communication

As wireless devices hold prominent roles as means of communication, developing strong security methods against sophisticated cyber-attacks has become paramount. A novel physical layer based technique for securing wireless communication between the transmitter and receiver is described in this paper. The technique involves obfuscating the preamble data of the baseband signal through unique keys that are independently generated at both the transmitter and the receiver based on channel characteristics known only to the pair. The obfuscation technique is developed on the Drexel Software Defined Communication testbed on a Xilinx Virtex 6 ML605 board.
What About Taking More Land Away from Farming

We need to grow less food. Although a great many people have left farming and still others are leaving, this big movement is not likely to rid us of the food surplus. How else can we cut food supplies? One obvious way is to use less land for farming.
Neuro-dynamic programming method for MPC 1

Abstract In this paper, we present how the approach of Neuro-Dynamic Programming(NDP) can be used to combat two important deficiencies of the conventional Model Predictive Control (MPC) formulation, the sometimes exorbitant on-line computational requirement and the inability to consider the evolution of uncertainty in the optimal control calculation. We use a simple Van de Vusse reactor to investigate the feasibility of the proposed approach and identify further research issues.
A Matter of Scale and Dimensions: Chromatin of Chromosome Landmarks in the Fungi

Chromatin and chromosomes of fungi are highly diverse and dynamic, even within species. Much of what we know about histone modification enzymes, RNA interference, DNA methylation, and cell cycle control was first addressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Aspergillus nidulans, and Neurospora crassa. Here, we examine the three landmark regions that are required for maintenance of stable chromosomes and their faithful inheritance, namely, origins of DNA replication, telomeres and centromeres. We summarize the state of recent chromatin research that explains what is required for normal function of these specialized chromosomal regions in different fungi, with an emphasis on the silencing mechanism associated with subtelomeric regions, initiated by sirtuin histone deacetylases and histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methyltransferases. We explore mechanisms for the appearance of "accessory" or "conditionally dispensable" chromosomes and contrast what has been learned from studies on genome-wide chromosome conformation capture in S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, N. crassa, and Trichoderma reesei. While most of the current knowledge is based on work in a handful of genetically and biochemically tractable model organisms, we suggest where major knowledge gaps remain to be closed. Fungi will continue to serve as facile organisms to uncover the basic processes of life because they make excellent model organisms for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and evolutionary biology.
Pathogen Decontamination of Food Crop Soil: A Review

The purpose of this review is to delineate means of decontaminating soil. This information might be used to mitigate soil-associated risks of foodborne pathogens. The majority of the research in the published literature involves inactivation of plant pathogens in soil, i.e., those pathogens harmful to fruit and vegetable production and ornamental plants. Very little has been published regarding the inactivation of foodborne human pathogens in crop soil. Nevertheless, because decontamination techniques for plant pathogens might also be useful methods for eliminating foodborne pathogens, this review also includes inactivation of plant pathogens, with appropriate discussion and comparisons, in the hopes that these methods may one day be validated against foodborne pathogens. Some of the major soil decontamination methods that have been investigated and are covered include chemical decontamination (chemigation), solarization, steaming, biofumigation, bacterial competitive exclusion, torch flaming, microwave treatment, and amendment with biochar. Other innovative means of inactivating foodborne pathogens in soils may be discovered and explored in the future, provided that these techniques are economically feasible in terms of chemicals, equipment, and labor. Food microbiology and food safety researchers should reach out to soil scientists and plant pathologists to create links where they do not currently exist and strengthen relationships where they do exist to take advantage of multidisciplinary skills. In time, agricultural output and the demand for fresh produce will increase. With advances in the sensitivity of pathogen testing and epidemiological tracebacks, the need to mitigate preharvest bacterial contamination of fresh produce will become paramount. Hence, soil decontamination technologies may become more economically feasible and practical in light of increasing the microbial safety of fresh produce.