cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Simulation Reveals Passive Proton Transport Through SERCA on the Microsecond Timescale

The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) transports two Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm to the reticulum lumen at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. In addition to transporting Ca2+, SERCA facilitates bidirectional proton transport across the sarcoplasmic reticulum to maintain the charge balance of the transport sites and to balance the charge deficit generated by the exchange of Ca2+. Previous studies have shown the existence of a transient water-filled pore in SERCA that connects the Ca2+-binding sites with the lumen, but the capacity of this pathway to sustain passive proton transport has remained unknown. In this study, we used the multiscale reactive molecular dynamics (MS-RMD) method and free energy sampling to quantify the free energy profile and timescale of the proton transport across this pathway while also explicitly accounting for the dynamically coupled hydration changes of the pore. We find that proton transport from the central binding site to the lumen has a microsecond timescale, revealing a novel passive cytoplasm-to-lumen proton flow beside the well-known inverse proton countertransport occurring in active Ca2+ transport. We propose that this proton transport mechanism is operational and serves as a functional conduit for passive proton transport across the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
An Academic Coaching Training Program for University Professionals: A Mixed Methods Examination

Using an embedded mixed methods design, a randomized control trial assessed the effects of in-person and online academic coaching professional development training on university faculty and staff b...
Factors associated with short- versus long-term survival after lung transplant.

Abstract Objective A small but growing proportion of lung transplant recipients survive longer than a decade post-transplant. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with survival beyond a decade after lung transplant. Methods We queried the United Network for Organ Sharing registry for adult (age ≥18 years) recipients undergoing first-time isolated lung transplantation between the introduction of the Lung Allocation Score in 2005 and 2009. Recipients were stratified into 3 cohorts: those who survived less than 1 year, 1 to 10 years, and greater than 10 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with early mortality ( 10 years) survival. Results A total of 5171 lung transplant recipients and their associated donors met inclusion criteria, including 964 (18.6%) with early mortality, 2843 (55.0%) with intermediate survival, and 1364 (26.3%) long-term survivors. Factors independently associated with early mortality included donor Black race, cigarette use, arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen ratio, diabetes, recipient Lung Allocation Score, total bilirubin, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridge requirement, single lung transplantation, and annual lung transplant center volume. The only factors independently associated with long-term survival among those who survived at least 1 year was donor age and single lung transplantation. Conclusions Of patients undergoing lung transplantation after the implementation of the Lung Allocation Score, approximately one-quarter survived 10 years post-transplant. There was minimal overlap between the factors associated with 1-year and 10-year survival. Of note, the Lung Allocation Score was not associated with long-term survival. Further research is needed to better refine patient selection and optimize management strategies to increase the number of long-term survivors.
Bearing Health Assessment Based on Different Types of Masses Voting Match and Mahalanobis Distance under Different Operating Conditions

In order to solve the problem about low precision of bearing health assessment model caused by the error of model selection under varying operating conditions, a health assessment method based on different types of masses voting match and Mahalanobis distance is first proposed in this paper. Firstly, the method of different types of masses voting match is first used to determine the health assessment model under different operating conditions. This method combines three algorithms with simple structure, good generalization performance and different matching principles. Then Mahalanobis distance is applied to measure the health of the bearing. The experimental results demonstrate its ideal health assessment performance. Simultaneously, the health assessment method proposed in this paper helps managers to take timely maintenance measures and prevent equipment failure as early as possible.
CLL-229: Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Melanoma (MM) Patients with Concurrent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Context CLL patients have a high incidence of melanoma, and checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) are approved for treatment of patients with metastatic disease. However, patients with CLL are known to have a profoundly impaired immune system with various types of T-cell abnormalities, and the impact of these defects on response to (CPI) is not known. We sought to evaluate the response to treatment with CPI in patients with concomitant MM and CLL. Objective Primary objective included objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST1.1 criteria. Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and duration of response (DOR). Setting Retrospective study of patients with concurrent CLL and MM treated with CPI therapies at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1997 and 2020. Patients Twenty-four patients were included, with a median age of 64 years. Seventy-one percent were male, 67% had early-stage CLL, and 71% were untreated. Thirty-three percent had prior melanoma treatment; 83% of patients had stage IV, and 17% had stage III melanoma. Interventions Thirty-eight CPI therapies were administered to 24 patients: single-agent PD-1 inhibitors pembrolizumab or nivolumab (53%), CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab (29%), and combination therapies (18%). Results The ORR was 25% after first-line CPI and 21% for subsequent treatments, with a DOR of 50 and 16 months, respectively. After a median follow-up of 37 months, 12 patients died, 9 due to melanoma progression. The OS and PFS were 26 and 6 months, respectively. Increased LDH was associated with lower OS, and high LDH, and intermediate/high-risk CLL with a lower PFS. There were no significant changes in absolute lymphocyte counts during CPI. 2 patients received CPI while on ibrutinib or ibrutinib+venetoclax therapy with ongoing CLL responses. Conclusions CPIs are an effective treatment option for patients with MM and concurrent CLL, with a portion of patients able to achieve durable responses. A lower ORR was observed after first-line CPI; however, the number of patients in this group is small, and 33% of them had received prior treatments. Further studies are needed to determine if concurrent treatment for CLL could improve the efficacy of treatment with CPIs by reducing some of the disease-related immunodysfunction.
The Connection between Animal Abuse and Family Violence: A Selected Annotated Bibliography

This Selected Annotated Bibliography assembles legal and social literature that examines the link between domestic violence and animal abuse. Drawing from an ever-growing body of written works dedicated to the issue, the Bibliography presents the works that are most informative and useful to the legal community. These include case studies, current and proposed legislation, and social services guides that address the occurrence of and response to the animal cruelty-family violence correlation. In doing so, the Bibliography creates a resource that will prove helpful to a variety of legal practitioners, law makers, and professionals within the criminal justice system, and will serve as a tool to promote further understanding of the patterns of abuse that often concurrently victimize both humans and animals.
Anesthesia for Lower Extremity Bypass

Arterial disease of the lower extremities is usually due to obstructing atherosclerosis. The primary goal of vascular surgery is to restore blood flow and preserve limb function. Patients undergoing surgical revascularization of the lower extremities often have several comorbidities, which can be challenging for the anesthesia provider. The goal for perioperative care in these patients is to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality, especially from major adverse cardiovascular events. In this chapter, we present a brief description of preoperative assessment and optimization of patients, general versus regional anesthesia, perioperative monitoring, intraoperative goals, and postoperative care for patients undergoing vascular bypass operations of the lower extremities.
A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Mother–Child Attachment and Externalizing Trajectories in Boys and Girls

In clinically referred children, boys and those with disorganized mother–child attachments tend to show the most maladaptive externalizing trajectories; however, additional research is necessary to test whether these findings hold in a community sample. Therefore, 235 community children (106 boys) were followed from ages 6 to 15 years across six time points. Multiple-group linear growth curves with mother–child attachment as a time-invariant covariate were fit to the data to explore externalizing trajectories for boys and girls. Results showed that boys had higher initial externalizing levels than girls, and children generally experienced a decline in symptoms over time. No significant trajectory differences were found for girls, and boys with different attachment classifications did not differ on their initial externalizing levels; however, boys with avoidant attachments (with resistant attachments trending) experienced a steeper decline in externalizing symptoms longitudinally. Implications for intervention and prevention are discussed.
Lifelong Knowledge-Enriched Social Event Representation Learning

The ability of humans to symbolically represent social events and situations is crucial for various interactions in everyday life. Several studies in cognitive psychology have established the role of mental state attributions in effectively representing variable aspects of these social events. In the past, NLP research on learning event representations often focuses on construing syntactic and semantic information from language. However, they fail to consider the importance of pragmatic aspects and the need to consistently update new social situational information without forgetting the accumulated experiences. In this work, we propose a representation learning framework to directly address these shortcomings by integrating social commonsense knowledge with recent advancements in the space of lifelong language learning. First, we investigate methods to incorporate pragmatic aspects into our social event embeddings by leveraging social commonsense knowledge. Next, we introduce continual learning strategies that allow for incremental consolidation of new knowledge while retaining and promoting efficient usage of prior knowledge. Experimental results on event similarity, reasoning, and paraphrase detection tasks prove the efficacy of our social event embeddings.
Death by Expert: Cognitive Bias in the Diagnosis of Mild Intellectual Disability

In Atkins v. Virginia, the Supreme Court held that executing individuals with intellectual disability violates the Constitution. Due to this categorical exemption, the accuracy and reliability of an intellectual disability determination is literally a matter of life or death. We tested the influence of context on mild intellectual disability diagnosis in a sample of 179 people with intellectual disability expertise. We found that experts diagnosed intellectual disability at nearly identical rates in death penalty and disability benefits cases. Men, Republicans, and people who believed intellectual disability is not an excuse for a crime were significantly less likely to diagnose intellectual disability in both types of cases. These findings suggest that in this sample, the facts of the crime did not cause the experts to refrain from diagnosing intellectual disability.
We’d Go Well Together: A Critical Race Analysis of Marijuana Legalization and Expungement in the United States

In the U.S., many state and local governments have either legalized or decriminalized small quantities of marijuana for recreational or medicinal use. Reforming these laws has had significant publi...
SU-E-T-134: Assessing the Capabilities of An MU Model for Fields as Small as 2cm in a Passively Scattered Proton Beam

Purpose: To assess and expand the capabilities of the current MU model for a passively scattered proton beam. The expanded MU model can potentially be used to predict the dose/MU for fields smaller than 2cm in diameter and reduce time needed for physical calibrations. Methods: The current MU model accurately predicted the dose/MU for more than 800 fields when compared to physical patient calibrations. Three different ion chambers were used in a Plastic Water phantom for physical measurements: T1, PIN, and A-16. The original MU model predicted output for fields that were affected by the bolus gap factor (BGF) and nozzle extension factor (NEF). As the system was tested for smaller treatment fields, the mod wheel dependent field size factor (MWDFSF) had to be included to describe the changes observed in treatment fields smaller than 3cm. The expanded model used Clarkson integration to determine the appropriate value for each factor (field size factor (FSF), BGF, NEF, and MWDFSF), to accurately predict the dose/MU for fields smaller than 2.5cm in effective diameter. Results: The expanded MU model demonstrated agreement better than 2% for more than 800 physical calibrations that were tested. The minimum tested fields were 1.7cm effective diameter for 149MeV and 2.4cm effective diameter for 186MeV. The inclusion of Clarkson integration into the MU model enabled accurate prediction of the dose/MU for very small and irregularly shaped treatment fields. Conclusion: The MU model accurately predicted the dose/MU for a wide range of treatment fields used in the clinic. The original MU model has been refined using factors that were problematic to accurately predict the dose/MU: the BGF, NEF, and MWDFSF. The MU model has minimized the time for determining dose/MU and reduced the time needed for physical calibrations, improving the efficiency of the patient treatment process.
Depth from stationary blur with adaptive filtering

This work achieves an efficient acquisition of scenes and their depths along long streets. A camera is mounted on a vehicle moving along a path and a sampling line properly set in the camera frame scans the 1D scene continuously to form a 2D route panorama. This paper extends a method to estimate depth from the camera path by analyzing the stationary blur in the route panorama. The temporal stationary blur is a perspective effect in parallel projection yielded from the sampling slit with a physical width. The degree of blur is related to the scene depth from the camera path. This paper analyzes the behavior of the stationary blur with respect to camera parameters and uses adaptive filtering to improve the depth estimation. It avoids feature matching or tracking for complex street scenes and facilitates real time sensing. The method also stores much less data than a structure from motion approach does so that it can extend the sensing area significantly.
Cruelty to the mentally ill: an Eighth Amendment challenge to the abolition of the insanity defense.

This Comment addresses the present gap in insanity-defense laws created by the defense’s abolition and offers an Eighth Amendment based remedy. Part I reviews the history and evolution of the insanity defense in Anglo-American law. It then describes how four states have statutorily abolished the defense. It concludes with a discussion of Clark v. Arizona, the Court’s most recent decision on the constitutionality of the insanity defense. Part II turns to the Eighth Amendment, examining its historical understanding and the contemporary evolving-standards-of-decency analysis, through which the Court assesses the constitutionality of modern-day punishments. Part II concludes with a discussion of Robinson v. California and Powell v. Texas, two non-death-penalty Eighth Amendment decisions that illustrate contrasting approaches to Eighth Amendment
Second Nonocular Tumors in Retinoblastoma Survivors: Are They Radiation-induced?

A review of 693 patients with bilateral retinoblastoma and 18 patients with unilateral/germinal retinoblastoma was carried out to find the incidence, time, course and pattern of second nonocular tumors in retinoblastoma survivors. Of 688 patients who survived therapeutic radiation for retinoblastoma, 89 developed second tumors: 62 in the field of radiation and 27 out of the field. Of 23 patients who received no radiation, five developed second tumors: one in the field and four out of the field. The most common tumor found was a sarcoma both in and out of the field of radiation. The incidence of second tumors increases with time, although the mean latent period is 10.4 years. At 10 years, the incidence of second tumors is 20%, at 20 years, it is 50% and at 30 years, 90%. The incidence of tumors in patients treated without radiation and where tumors developed outside the field was 10% at 10 years, 30% at 20 years and 68% at 32 years. There was no relationship between incidence of tumors and dose of therapeutic radiation when analyzed with life tables. A second course of radiation therapy did not increase the incidence of second nonocular tumors.
High-Order/Low-Order Methods for Ocean Modeling

We examine a High Order/Low Order (HOLO) approach for a z-level ocean model and show that the traditional semi-implicit and split-explicit methods, as well as a recent preconditioning strategy, can easily be cast in the framework of HOLO methods. The HOLO formulation admits an implicit-explicit method that is algorithmically scalable and second-order accurate, allowing timesteps much larger than the barotropic time scale. We demonstrate how HOLO approaches, in particular the implicit-explicit method, can provide a solid route for ocean simulation to heterogeneous computing and exascale environments.
Tenuate® (Merrell-National)

Tenuate, used to treat obesity, is a sympathomimetic amine with some pharmacologic activity similar to the amphetamines. Its actions include some central nervous system stimulation and elevation of blood pressure. Tolerance has been demonstrated with all drugs of this class.
Sensitivity of bandwidth allocation algorithms for unidirectional networks to voice parameters

A comparative performance evaluation of a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm is made using different voice traffic models. It is shown that the voice clipping rate performance is very sensitive to characteristics of the speech arrival process and higher than previously reported. Simulation results indicate that the average clipping rate increases almost linearly with the talkspurt rate but is essentially independent of the coefficient of variation of the silence period. The hyperexponential and the exponential speech models give the same average clipping rate if their parameters are adjusted to produce the same talkspurt rates. These results suggest that, since the average clipping rate is sensitive to the average talkspurt rate of the speech model, this parameter must match accurately the desired speech input signal. On the other hand, the coefficient of variation of the silence period need not be matched to the desired speech signal with as much accuracy. >
Making Meaning of Whiteness: Exploring Racial Identity with White Teachers

Making Meaning of Whiteness: Exploring Racial Identity with White Teachers. Alice Mclntyre. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997. 193 pp.
The isolation and identification of the adenovirus group C tumor antigens

Abstract Monkey or human cells infected with type 5 adenovirus were labeled with [ 35 S]methionine at early or late times after viral infection. Two independently derived preparations of antisera (14b and Adl-SV40) from hamsters bearing group C adenovirus-induced tumors were employed to immunoprecipitate the viral-induced antigens found in adenovirus-infected cells. The specific immunoprecipitates were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the molecular weights of the adenovirus-infected cell antigens that reacted with the antibody from these sera. One antiserum preparation (14b) immunoprecipitated predominantly a single protein of 58,000 MW. No homologous protein was detected in uninfected cells and normal hamster serum failed to immunoprecipitate this antigen from infected cell extracts. The second antisera (Adl-SV40) specifically immunoprecipitated this 58,000 MW protein and in addition reacted with viral-specific antigens of 72,000 and 44,000 MW. All three of these viral-specific proteins (72,000, 58,000, and 44,000 MW) were synthesized at early times after viral infection prior to the start of viral DNA replication. The 72,000 and 58,000 MW antigens could be labeled with either [ 35 S]methionine or inorganic [ 32 P]phosphate. At late times after viral infection, the Adl-SV40 serum immunoprecipitated or coprecipitated a 120,000 MW protein. The 72,000 MW protein was shown to be immunologically related to the adenovirus single-strand specific DNA binding protein. Some or all of the 44,000 MW protein resulted from the proteolytic breakdown of the 72,000 MW protein. The adenovirus type 5 transformed cell line 14b contained the left-hand 40% of the adenovirus genome. In this cell line only the left-hand 7% of the genome was transcriptionally active [ Flint, S. J., Sambrook, S., Williams, J. F., and Sharp, P. A. (1976) . Virology 72 , 456–470]. The early adenovirus genes carried in the 14b DNA segment are common to all adenovirus-transformed cell lines. Thus it is likely that the 58,000 MW protein found in adenovirus-infected cells is an adenovirus-specific tumor antigen common to all tumors and transformed cells.
Intake of high-fat diet stimulates the risk of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin tumors and malignant progression of papillomas to carcinoma in SKH-1 hairless mice

Previously, we showed that administration of a high-fat diet (HF-diet) to C57BL/6 mice exacerbates their response to short-term UVB radiation-induced inflammation in the skin. To explore the effects of an HF-diet on UVB-induced tumorigenesis, we have used the SKH-1 hairless mouse model in which the mice are exposed to UVB radiation (180mJ/cm(2)) three times a week for 24weeks. The development of UVB-induced skin tumors was rapid and the tumor multiplicity and tumor size were significantly higher (P<0.01-0.005) in the mice fed an HF-diet than the mice fed a control-diet (C-diet). Moreover, the malignant progression of UVB-induced papillomas to carcinomas was higher in HF-diet-fed mice. On analysis of tumors and tumor-uninvolved skin samples from the tumor-bearing mice, we found that administration of an HF-diet significantly enhanced the levels of UVB-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (P<0.01), and PGE2 receptors, and activation of NF-κB in the UVB-exposed skin as well as in tumors. In addition the HF-diet enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (P<0.01), interleukin (IL)-1β (P<0.01) and IL-6 (P<0.05) in the UVB-exposed skin as well as in tumors. Western blot analysis revealed that HF-diet enhanced the levels of epidermal cell proliferation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphorylation of Akt at Ser(473) in UVB-exposed skin and skin tumors. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the regular consumption of an HF-diet increases the risk of photocarcinogenesis in mice and that this is associated with enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators in the UVB-exposed skin and tumors.
Evaporation Minus Precipitation and Density Fluxes for the North Atlantic

Abstract Estimates of evaporation (E) over the North Atlantic Ocean by Bunker have been combined with estimates of precipitation (P) by Dorman and Bourke to produce new annual and seasonal maps of E–P and surface density flux. Although uncertainties about precipitation algorithms and exchange coefficients still presist, it is felt that the high spatial resolution of these data set permits an estimate of E–P that is a significant improvement over previous work. The maps of E–P show considerably more detail than earlier maps, including a previously uncharted minimum with a northeast to southwest trend across the subtropical gyre. The two regions of maximal E–P display a close connection with continental air flows off Africal and North America, suggesting that the relative narrowness of the North Atlantic contributes to its status as a net evaporation basin. The zonally integrated E–P values are combined with river runoff estimates to obtain the meridional flux of freshwater, which can be compared with fluxe...
Calculation of the nuclear cascade in steel initiated by 10- and 19.2-GeV/c protons and comparison with experiment

Abstract One-dimensional nucleon-meson cascade calculations have been carried out for the cases of 10- and 19.2-GeV/ c protons incident on steel. The star density and track intensity from the 19.2-GeV/ c beam and the track intensity from the 10-GeV/ c beam are compared with experimental values. In general, the calculated star density is higher than the experimental values and the calculated track intensities are lower than the experimental values.
Screening: Your brain on drugs.

Manipulation of stem cells is an important therapeutic goal that has proven difficult to achieve. A recent report describes a novel in vivo small-molecule screen and identifies a modulator of mammalian neurogenesis that partially reverses age-related declines in cognition.
cDNA cloning and characterization of vinculin mRNA

Abstract Vinculin and meta-vinculin are related proteins that localize to adherens junctions. To facilitate studies on the biology of these proteins cDNA clones were isolated from a chick embryonic library made in λ gt 11. Three clones, accounting for 1 2 of the vinculin message, were identified by immunological analyses of fusion proteins and by hybrid-arrested translation. Sequence analyses of the 3′ ends of these clones reveal allelic variants. Northern blot analyses suggests the presence of multiple vinculin messages, the most prominent one at 6.2 kb, almost twice the size needed to encode vinculin.
An Experimental Study of Streamwise Vortices in a Compressor Cascade

An experimental study on the production and development of streamwise vortices in a compressor cascade is reported.At four locations inside and one location outside the blade passage, the mean velocity components, three turbulent intensities and three Reynolds stresses were measured with a “x” hot wire probe. The results obtained describe the flow structure in the corner between the end-wall and blade suction surface in detail. Besides a passage vortex within the passage, there exist a shed corner vortex pair and a secondary vortex pair in the corner. The characteristics of two vortex pairs were different from that of the passage vortex.The mechanism causing the shed corner vortex pair and secondary vortex pair and the effect of these vortices on the cascade losses are discussed.Copyright © 1988 by ASME
Neurologic Manifestations of Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Objective To determine the frequency and the types of neurologic involvement in a series of patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). Design We reviewed the medical records of 47 consecutive patients with CSS who were examined at the Mayo Clinic between January 1974 and June 1992. Material and Methods The study patients were classified into two groups: (1) those with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of CSS who had evidence of either vasculitis or Churg-Strauss granuloma, the presence of asthma, and peripheral eosinophilia (more than 10% eosinophils) on at least one differential leukocyte count (N = 33) and (2) those with a clinical diagnosis of CSS who had evidence of vasculitis based on either multiple mononeuropathy or necrotizing cutaneous lesions, the presence of asthma, and peripheral eosinophilia (more than 10% eosinophils) on at least one differential leukocyte count (N = 14). Results Of the 47 patients, 29 (62%) had neurologic involvement. Peripheral neuropathy was detected in 25 patients: 17 had multiple mononeuropathy, 7 had distal symmetric polyneuropathy, and 1 had an asymmetric polyneuropathy. Three patients had cerebral infarctions. Less commonly identified problems included radiculopathies, ischemic optic neuropathy, and bilateral trigeminal neuropathy. Asthma preceded the onset of neurologic involvement in all cases (mean duration, 6.7 years). Follow-up data, when available, showed that corticosteroid therapy usually yielded improvement or stabilization. Conclusion Neurologic involvement is common in CSS, usually manifesting as peripheral neuropathy. In this series of patients, asthma preceded the neurologic manifestations.
Empirical Antibiotic Choice for the Seriously Ill Patient: Are Minimization of Selection of Resistant Organisms and Maximization of Individual Outcome Mutually Exclusive?

Mortality related to serious infections in intensive care units (ICUs) is highest if empirical therapy is not active against the organism causing the infection. However, excessive empirical therapy undoubtedly contributes to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, in turn potentially contributing to poor patient outcome. We have reviewed 3 strategies that are increasingly practiced to reduce the hazards of broad empirical therapy, while aiming to ensure that empirical therapy is adequate. The most widely practiced strategy is discontinuation or streamlining of empirical therapy when culture results are available. The second approach is to withdraw certain antibiotic classes (most notably, third-generation cephalosporins) from the ICU antibiotic armamentarium. The third strategy employed is antibiotic cycling. Although this has also appeared to be a successful strategy, currently published studies have used historical controls and thus may be subject to significant bias. Computer-assisted antibiotic prescribing in ICUs may supplement or replace such strategies in the future.
Nonlinear behavior of a parametrically forced temperature-dependent model for a mite predator-prey interaction

Abstract The nonlinear behavior of a particular predator-prey differential equation system, with model parameters chosen appropriately for a temperature-dependent mite interaction on fruit trees and with forcing incorporated through environmental temperature, is examined numerically by means of the birfurcation code AUTO-86 as well as by calculation of Lyapunov exponents. A variety of dynamical behavior is demonstrated, including periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic attractors, multiple attractors, intermittency, and transient chaos. Resiliency is discussed with respect to basins of attraction and population perturbations in the parameter regions with multiple attractors. The ecological implications of the demonstrated nonlinear behavior are discussed.
Colon preparation for magnification endoscopy: a rapid novel approach.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Minute lesions in the colon are of increasing clinical interest. Conventional endoscopic techniques are inadequate for visualizing these lesions, and magnification chromoendoscopy is required to identify them. This study compared the effectiveness of a simpler colon preparation method with the standard technique. Patients and Methods : Seven patients received dilute methylene blue (0.05 %) by enema prior to the endoscopic evaluation. The extent, quality, and ease of dye delivery were compared with the standard methods. RESULTS Dye delivery by enema extended to the splenic flexure and was uniformly applied, and advancement of the endoscope was easier. This alternative method was better tolerated by patients (visual analogue scale 1.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.8; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION This rapid and reliable method of visualizing the entire left colon with dye magnification allows magnification chromoendoscopy to be carried out in a convenient manner that is also less painful for the patient.
Long-term risk of atrial fibrillation with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophagitis.

The mechanisms underlying the triggers and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) are not fully understood. One potential unproved mechanism is that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which acid reflux induces local and systemic inflammation, may increase triggered activity in the myocardium and pulmonary veins and increase AF risk. A self-report questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 5,288 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 25 to 74 years to assess the presence and frequency of GERD from 1988 to 1994. The long-term risk for AF over a period of 11.4 ± 5.0 years was determined through review of clinical evaluations and the electrocardiographic database in those without previous AF. The average age was 53 ± 17 years, and 2,571 subjects (49%) were man. Of these patients, 741 developed AF (cumulative probability of AF at 18 years 20%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17% to 22%). Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.10, p
Effects of Warning Explicitness on Product Perceptions

A common assumption of manufacturers is that explicit warning labels will deter consumers from purchasing products. This study explored people's reactions to explicit and nonexplicit warning labels, where explicitness refers to how specifically the potential injury consequences were described. 108 subjects completed a 12-item questionnaire for each of nine familiar consumer products. The questions covered the severity of potential injury, product familiarity, product hazards and dangerousness, manufacturer's concerns, and potential purchasing decisions. Results suggest that products are perceived as more dangerous and related injuries as more severe when warnings are explicit. Also, with explicit warnings subjects report that they better understand the hazards, that they are being provided with all the necessary safety information, and that manufacturers are more concerned about safety. There was no clear indication that more explicit warnings either deter people from purchasing a product or increase the ...
p38 MAP kinase mediates endotoxin-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in enterocytes

Abstract Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occurs only after bacterial colonization of the intestine, suggesting that bacterial products, including lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin,) interact with enterocytes in the pathogenesis of this disease. Inflammatory molecules such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are important mediators of the septic response leading to NEC. We therefore hypothesized that endotoxin activates production of COX-2 in enterocytes and explored the relative contributions of known mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways in this process. Methods IEC-6 enterocytes were treated with 5 μg/mL endotoxin, or various stresses, or media alone, and COX-2 protein levels were assayed by immunoblots with anti-COX-2 antibodies. Activation of MAPK was examined by immunoblots with phospho-MAPK antibodies. MAPK activity was blocked by treatment with pharmacologic inhibitors or transfection with dominant-negative MAPK constructs. Results Endotoxin treatment caused increased expression of the COX-2 protein 24 hours after treatment. This was preceded by rapid and transient activation of the 3 major MAPKs: extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38, but not U0126 (ERK inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), blocked endotoxin-induced accumulation of COX-2 protein. This response was also blocked by expression of dominant-negative p38 but not by the dominant-negative ERK construct. Genotoxic stress that activated p38 but not ERK was an effective inducer of COX-2, whereas stresses that activated both p38 and ERK were not effective. ERK inhibition by U1026 enhanced endotoxin-induced production of COX-2, consistent with negative regulation of COX-2 by ERK. These data point to p38 as the MAPK that mediates endotoxin-induced production of COX-2 in enterocytes. Conclusions Endotoxin may be capable of inducing the production of COX-2 in enterocytes via the p38 MAPK pathway, which may be relevant to the development of NEC.
iAuth: An HTTP Authentication Framework Integrated into HTML Forms

Current Web authentication frameworks have well-known weaknesses. HTTP provides an access authentication framework, but it is rarely used because it lacks presentational control. Forms and cookies, which are most commonly used, have the long-standing privacy issue raised by tracking. URI sessions, which are used in some mobile services like i-mode 1.0, disclose session identifiers unintentionally. This paper proposes iAuth, which integrates better parts of the existing frameworks and fixes their problems; iAuth allows servers to provide log-in forms, and introduces a session header to avoid servers' tracking and unintentional disclosure. Since iAuth has backward compatibility with the major legacy browsers, developers can freely introduce iAuth into their Web sites or browsers as needed. Experiments confirm its correct operation; an iAuth server is shown to support not only an iAuth client but major legacy browsers. We believe that iAuth will resolve the long-standing issues in Web authentication.
Complex dynamics in a model microbial system

The forced double-Monod model (for a chemostat with a predator, a prey and periodically forced inflowing substrate) displays quasiperiodicity, phase locking, period doubling and chaotic dynamics. Stroboscopic sections reveal circle maps for the quasiperiodic regimes and noninvertible maps of the interval for the chaotic regimes. Criticality in the circle maps sets the stage for chaos in the model. This criticality may arise with an increase in the period or amplitude of forcing.
Trace element levels and their enrichment processes in terrestrial vegetation

Abstract Sampling sites have been installed in the native plant communities northwest and southeast of Colstrip, Montana. Spring and fall foliage has been sampled from three perennial grasses and two deciduous shrubs. Analysis for over thirty elements is reported and their relationships to site, species, and season is statistically evaluated. Elemental enrichments of vegetation due to physiological processes, soil, and power plant plume aerosols are assessed. These processes and the sensitivity for detecting certain contaminating elements are discussed in the light of the data reported and its statistical treatment.
Induction of the "stretching response" by vagino-cervical stimulation in the rat.

Abstract This paper describes a “stretching response” which occurs in some female laboratory rats during the course of mating. It is most obviously characterized by an indentation of the abdominal wall and tonic limb and pelvic movements, which occur in irregularly spaced pulses of variable duration. The response was not seen in 10 rats in which intromissions had been prevented by a vaginal mask. In contrast, stretching was displayed by 9 of 10 non-masked subjects. This indicates that vagino-cervical stimulation is necessary for the induction of the stretching response. Vagino-cervical stimulation delivered by a plunger assembly was found to be sufficient to induce the response in 9 of 10 rats. Temporal summation of this stimulation was seen and ovarian hormones were found to increase the amount of stretching. Hypotheses concerning causes and effects of the stretching response are presented.
Characterizing and treating dizziness after mild head trauma.

Objective:The objectives of this study were to characterize patterns of dizziness seen after mild head trauma and to examine the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.Study Design:Prospective patient registry.Setting:Tertiary referral center.Patients:Fifty-eight cases of active duty and retired m
Plasma column changes at small solar elongations

The differenced range versus integrated Doppler (DRVID) technique was used to study charged particle changes in the ray path between earth and Mariner 9. For plasma activity near the sun, DRVID data were obtained from August 10 to October 24, 1972, surrounding the Mariner 9 superior conjunction on September 7. If the records are viewed in terms of range change or range change rate, the day-to-day fluctuations in these quantities mask the changes expected due to the varying solar elongation. Thus, while the steady-state total electron content varies by a factor of 4, the columnar content changes show no systematic variations.
The distribution and origin of serotonin immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellum

Abstract The distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellum was studied using the indirect antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique of Sternberger. Furthermore, the origin of these chemically defined cerebellar afferents was studied using a procedure which combines the rotragrade transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with the PAP technique. Serotoninergic fibers and varicosities distribute throughout the cerebellar cortex. However, within the cortex there are density variations in the distribution of this indoleamine to the granule cell and molecular layers as well as differences in the spatial orientation of labeled elements, especially in the latter lamina. Serotonin-positive fibers are also present in the Purinje cell layer. Some of the fibers pass from this layer into the overlying molecular layer while others form a plexus around the somata of Purkinje cells. Subsequent to injections of HRP into the vermis and immediately adjacent portions of the cerebellar cortex, several reticular and raphe nuclei (n.) were found to project to the cerebellum including the paramedian reticular nucleus, n. raphe pallidus, n. raphe obscurus, n. raphe magnus, n. reticularis gigantocellularis, n. reticularis paragigantocellularis, n. pontis oralis, n. reticularis tegmenti pontis and n. centralis superioris. Double-labeling experiments, however, reveal that the neurons giving rise to serotonergic afferents to the cerebellum are located almost exclusively in the n. reticularis gigantocellularis, the n. reticularis paragigantocellularis and the n. pontis oralis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study further support the view that the cerebellar cortex is not uniform in its histological structure. Although serotoninergic elements are distributed throughout the cerebellar cortex, there are lobular variations in the laminar distribution of this indoleamine. These data suggest that serotonin may be exerting its physiological effect on different populations of cortical neurons in different lobules. Thus this putative neurotransmitter may play different roles in the circuitry of the cerebellum in disparate regions of the cortex. Further, the data obtained in the double-label experiments demonstrate a fairly restricted origin for serotoninergic afferents in the medullary and pontine reticular formation. Moreover, the majority are not located in the raphe nuclei.
Process Design for the Flow of Ethanol Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Vertically Aligned Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received much attention from both the scientific and industrial communities due to their structural properties and unique morphology. There has also been growing interest in vertically aligned single walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWNTs) because of their suitability for building devices such as solar cells and nanomembrane. Various methods including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been developed for growing VA-SWNTs. Among them is alcohol catalytic CVD which is well known for its economic viability, comprehensive substrates selectivity and good yield of VA-SWNTs. This work studies the length assurance of VA-SWNTs growth by an experimental design and an artificial neural network (ANN) metamodel. Process analysis shows that the interaction between gas flow rate and growth time are the most significant input factors. In addition, with high probability flow rate less than 150 sccm and a growth time of 20 minutes are suitable for the repeatability of medium length VA-SWNTs.© 2012 ASME
The social construction of gender in physical education

Abstract This paper presents some findings from a case study of the social reproduction of gender in one university physical education programme. It explores how knowledge about gender is organized in courses in the programme and examines students' interpretations of and reactions to this knowledge. The curriculum in this programme is organized around a distinction between biological and behavioural courses on the one hand and socio-cultural courses on the other. Each type of course provides students with alternative views of gender. When gender is taught in biological and behavioural courses it is examined as a personal attribute and the focus of attention is on how differences between males and females explain the gap in their performance levels. When gender is taught in socio-cultural courses it is viewed as a social issue, and the focus of attention is upon analyses of the ways in which play, games, and sport have been socially constructed to produce and legitimize male hegemony. Despite this diversity in the curriculum students' definitions of important knowledge lead them to view knowledge from biological and behavioural courses as “really useful” and knowledge from socio-cultural courses as peripheral. Students see biological and behavioural explanations of sex differences in performance capabilities as information they can use to improve performance. Information about the social construction of gender issues is seen as peripheral as it does not help them to function within the existing social frameworks.
Conversion of an amine-substituted arene-manganese tricarbonyl complex to a functionalized cyclohexenone

Abstract The synthesis of functionalized cyclohexenones can be achieved via double nucleophile addition, with intermediate reactivation by ligand exchange, to aminoarene-manganese tricarbonyl cationic complexes by adjusting the electron donating power of the amine.
Statistics and bioinformatics in nutritional sciences: analysis of complex data in the era of systems biology

Over the past 2 decades, there have been revolutionary developments in life science technologies characterized by high throughput, high efficiency, and rapid computation. Nutritionists now have the advanced methodologies for the analysis of DNA, RNA, protein, low-molecular-weight metabolites, as well as access to bioinformatics databases. Statistics, which can be defined as the process of making scientific inferences from data that contain variability, has historically played an integral role in advancing nutritional sciences. Currently, in the era of systems biology, statistics has become an increasingly important tool to quantitatively analyze information about biological macromolecules. This article describes general terms used in statistical analysis of large, complex experimental data. These terms include experimental design, power analysis, sample size calculation, and experimental errors (Type I and II errors) for nutritional studies at population, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. In addition, we highlighted various sources of experimental variations in studies involving microarray gene expression, real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteomics, and other bioinformatics technologies. Moreover, we provided guidelines for nutritionists and other biomedical scientists to plan and conduct studies and to analyze the complex data. Appropriate statistical analyses are expected to make an important contribution to solving major nutrition-associated problems in humans and animals (including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, ageing, and intrauterine growth retardation).