cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genesis and diagnostic value of soft-sediment deformation structures—A review

Abstract Soft-sediment deformation structures are recognized as important diagnostic features in the rock record for determination of depositional environments and slope processes. The diagnostic value of these structures is reevaluated by analysis of the parameters controlling sediment deformation. Soft-sediment deformation is contemporaneous with deposition and occurs dominantly in course silt to fine sand. The high depositional rate, low permeability and low shear strength of grains within this sediment range maximize the occurrence of deformation. The dominant mechanisms responsible for sediment deformation include: (1) liquefaction or fluidization; (2) reverse density gradation; (3) slumping or slope failure; and (4) shear stress. In most cases a combination of these mechanisms occurs. The processes function in a continuum, producing features that are microscopic to megascopic in scale. It is shown that the processes, and thus the structures, are not environment specific. The true diagnostic value of the structures may be in defining hydrodynamic conditions, and in interpreting paleocurrents and paleoclimatic and paleoseismic events. Ultimately, for the best diagnostic results, soft-sediment deformation structures should be studied in association with all other available lithologic, structural and paleontological information.
Physics and scaling of the H-mode pedestal

The transport barrier which exists at the plasma edge in the high-confinement (H-mode) regime is now recognized as important to global energy confinement. Recently, detailed measurements of the width and height of barriers in electron and ion density and/or temperature have been made on several divertor tokamaks. These results are reviewed, with an emphasis on scalings of the pedestal height and width. Many experiments observe situations in which the limiting pedestal pressure gradient is well described by ideal ballooning stability. In some cases the extreme edge is in the `second stable' regime. Differences between the widths ? of pedestals in electron and ion temperature and densities are noted in several experiments. Some reported scalings are ?Ti = 3.3(?)1/2?i,pol on JT-60U, and ?Pe/R?pol,ped0.4 on DIII-D. ?Te is independent of plasma current in many experiments. Theoretical modelling of the fully developed H-mode pedestal is reviewed. Several recent predictions of the pedestal parameters and their scalings are outlined and compared with experiments.
Opposition to family planning in Latin America: conservative nationalism

While opposition to family planning in Latin America stems primarily from the Church Marxists and Nationalists this paper focuses on the published views of 3 outspoken Nationalists. Felix Cruzat Alegre a Lima lawyer states that Latin American poverty is caused by archaic socioeconomic structures rather than a lack of natural resources or land. The North Americans in his view wish to keep the underdeveloped nations weak and underdeveloped via lagging population growth and eventually export people to the less developed and less populous nations. Dr. Herman Vergara a psychiatrist and professor of psychology in Colombia fears that supporters of family planning within the nation are politically opportunistic economically opportunistic or anti-Catholic and that the basic motivation and strategy for the movement is alien. Napoleon Viera Altamirano the El Salvadoran journalist considered by the articles writer to be Latin Americas most articulate pro-natalist charges family planners with attempts at racial genocide. The author concludes that North Americans should listen carefully to the arguments since beneath what appear to be illogical arguments and irrational fears lie the deeper perhaps more justified sentiments of national pride and resentment over a sad history of relations with powerful nations.
Class of nonperturbative configurations in Abelian-Higgs models: Complexity from dynamical symmetry breaking

We present a numerical investigation of the dynamics of symmetry breaking in both Abelian and non-Abelian $[SU(2)]$ Higgs models in three spatial dimensions. We find a class of time-dependent, long-lived nonperturbative field configurations within the range of parameters corresponding to type-1 superconductors, that is, with vector masses (${m}_{v}$) larger than scalar masses (${m}_{s}$). We argue that these emergent nontopological configurations are related to oscillons found previously in other contexts. For the Abelian-Higgs model, our lattice implementation allows us to map the range of parameter space\char22{}the values of $\ensuremath{\beta}=({m}_{s}/{m}_{v}{)}^{2}$\char22{}where such configurations exist and to follow them for times $t\ensuremath{\sim}\mathcal{O}({10}^{5}){m}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. An investigation of their properties for $\stackrel{^}{z}$-symmetric models reveals an enormously rich structure of resonances and mode-mode oscillations reminiscent of excited atomic states. For the $SU(2)$ case, we present preliminary results indicating the presence of similar oscillonic configurations.
Dangers and Joys of Stock Trading on the Web: Failure Characterization of a Three-Tier Web Service

Characterizing latent software faults is crucial to address dependability issues of current three-tier systems. A client should not have a misconception that a transaction succeeded, when in reality, it failed due to a silent error. We present a fault injection-based evaluation to characterize silent and non-silent software failures in a representative three-tier web service, one that mimics a day trading application widely used for benchmarking application servers. For failure characterization, we quantify distribution of silent and non-silent failures, and recommend low cost application-generic and application-specific consistency checks, which improve the reliability of the application. We inject three variants of null-call, where a callee returns null to the caller without executing business logic. Additionally, we inject three types of unchecked exceptions and analyze the reaction of our application. Our results show that 49% of error injections from null-calls result in silent failures, while 34% of unchecked exceptions result in silent failures. Our generic-consistency check can detect silent failures in null-calls with an accuracy as high as 100%. Non-silent failures with unchecked exceptions can be detected with an accuracy of 42% with our application-specific checks.
Letter from America: A Short History of Tourism Oriented Policing Services

Ever since the 1980s, when the state of Florida received a great deal of negative publicity due to the unfortunate murders of and assaults on foreign tourists, the United States has become aware that its tourism industry requires a safe and secure environment in which to thrive. Prior to that, few US police departments were aware of their responsibilities toward the tourism industry. In fact, when early studies of US police departments' involvement with tourism were written, most departments stated that they took pride in the fact that they treated tourists just like anyone else. The idea that tourists were at high risk of crime, that local police might need special training in working with a location's out-of-town guests, or that the industry needed special protection was simply unknown to most US police departments.
Atmospheric tracer dispersion over a 24-H time span

Abstract Dust lofted by a large explosion was tagged with an elemental tracer and sampled by aircraft at times between 42 min and 24.5 h following the detonation. The tracer adhered to the finer particles of dust, and provided a sensitive technique for measuring the dispersion of the cloud. Over the entire time span, the tracer was diluted by factors ranging from 2.4 × 10−4 to 1.6 × 10−3. The dilution predicted by a random-force diffusion theory is 4.4 × 10−4. Particle size analyses show the expected removal of larger dust particles over the time span.
Hemodynamics and coronary blood flow during exercise after coronary artery bypass grafting with internal mammary arteries in children with Kawasaki disease.

BACKGROUNDSaphenous vein grafts (SVG) and internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts have been used for coronary artery bypass grafting. In adult patients with bypass grafting for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, IMA grafts have been reported to have long-term patency; however, results are conflicting on whether the graft is sufficient to meet increased myocardial oxygen demand during exercise. There have been no studies on hemodynamics and blood flow during exercise after bypass grafting with IMA in pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease.METHODS AND RESULTSWe studied 17 pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease (average age, 7.5 +/- 3.1 years), who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with the IMA. The average number of coronary artery bypass grafts was 2.1 +/- 0.7/patient. For all patients, the left IMA was anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery; for eight patients, the right IMA was also anastomosed to the right coronary artery. In addition, 11 SVGs were used. The postopera...
A Monochromator Based On W/C Multilayers Of 40Å Layer Spacing

The design and preliminary performance data are presented for a monochromator based on two multilayer X-ray mirrors. The monochromator is based on mirrors with a d-spacing of 40 A and is designed to operate in the 5-75 A wavelength regime which can be varied by interchanging the mirrors with ones of different d-spacing. The multilayer mirrors are fabricated using sputter deposition and typically consist of 40 layer pairs of W and C. Except for W/Si, which shows 1-2 percent better reflectivities over the 7-40 A range but 4-10 percent poorer reflectivities for wavelengths longer than 40 A and shorter than 7 A, calculations performed using other combinations of materials generally show poorer reflectivities over the wavelength range of interest. Plans for a four-mirror version of the monochromator that will have increased resolution are also presented.
Refractory Hypertension and Anemia in End-Stage Renal Disease: An Unusual Manifestation of Kimura's Disease

Hypertension and anemia are common in uremic patients. This article describes a 35-year-old uremic Taiwanese who was admitted to our hospital with refractory hypertension and refractory anemia following chronic hemodialysis for more than two years. He was diagnosed with Kimura's disease finally. Refractory hypertension and refractory anemia were noted over two years before an enlarged inguinal lymph node was observed. The symptoms lead to the diagnosis of Kimura's disease. Unlike most cases, refractory hypertension and refractory anemia were first noted before the inguinal mass and eosinophilia were presented. The inflammatory parameters increased when the disease was active. Steroid treatment was conducted, and the symptoms including hypertension and anemia promptly decreased. To the authors' knowledge, this case is for first one in which Kimura's disease has induced refractory hypertension and anemia in an ESRD patient and in which these symptoms rapidly subsided following steroid treatment. The activity of Kimura's disease is closely related refractory hypertension, suggesting that inflammation may be involved in refractory hypertension and anemia in a dialytic patient with Kimura's disease.
Excel as a teaching platform for managerial economics

Managerial economics is one of the most applied areas of economics. Managerial economics teaches students how to use the tools of economics to make decisions. As a result, this class is most effective if it simulates what students face when working in a business setting. Students should therefore be taught using the same toolkit on which business managers rely. Today, that means using Excel as the platform on which to teach the course. Excel is integrated into the course content not only during computer labs and in homework but also during class. Such integration requires more than a set of spreadsheet exercises to accompany a text; it requires Excel programs that faculty can use to interactively introduce concepts during lectures. This article describes a series of exercises and programs that teach students how to use Excel, and how to use Excel to analyze data needed to make reasoned decisions.
Rock Glaciers and Block fields, Review and new data

Tongue-shaped and lobate rock glaciers are recognized in most alpine regions today. For the tongue-shaped, two situations emerge: those with buried glacier ice (debris-covered glaciers) called ice-cored rock glaciers, and those with interstitial ice known as ice-cemented rock glaciers. Those with ice cores are revealed by depressions between rock glacier and headwall cliff (where a former glacier melted), longitudinal marginal and central meandering furrows, and collapse pits. Ice-cemented rock glaciers ordinarily do not possess these features. As applied to 18 rock glaciers in the Colorado Front Range, 11 of 12 east of the Continental Divide are ice-cored, 6 west of the Divide are ice-cemented. The majority of lobate rock glaciers in the Colorado Front Range are on the south sides of valleys, and, except for talus, are the most voluminous form of mass wasting. All those active and above treeline have characteristics common to all rock glaciers. In addition, they originate from talus, contain interstitial ice, move outward from valley walls at 1–6 cm/yr, and transport more debris as a process of erosion than heretofore realized. Block fields and block slopes, in polar and alpine regions, are thin accumulations of angular to subrounded blocks, on bedrock, weathered rock, or transported debris. They extend along slopes parallel to the contour. Block streams are similar but extend downslope normal to the contour and into valleys. They are made of interlocked blocks without interstitial detritus, but many have finer material deeper inside. The fabric of surface blocks indicates that motion most likely occurred during a periglacial time when interstitial debris, now washed or piped out, permitted movement of the whole deposit.
Misannotations of rRNA can now generate 90% false positive protein matches in metatranscriptomic studies

In the course of analyzing 9,522,746 pyrosequencing reads from 23 stations in the Southwestern Pacific and equatorial Atlantic oceans, it came to our attention that misannotations of rRNA as proteins is now so widespread that false positive matching of rRNA pyrosequencing reads to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein database approaches 90%. One conserved portion of 23S rRNA was consistently misannotated often enough to prompt curators at Pfam to create a spurious protein family. Detailed examination of the annotation history of each seed sequence in the spurious Pfam protein family (PF10695, 'Cw-hydrolase') uncovered issues in the standard operating procedures and quality assurance programs of major sequencing centers, and other issues relating to the curation practices of those managing public databases such as GenBank and SwissProt. We offer recommendations for all these issues, and recommend as well that workers in the field of metatranscriptomics take extra care to avoid including false positive matches in their datasets.
Serial RapidlO: Benefiting System Interconnects

Legacy interconnect technology has proven to be deficient for the complex transactions that occur between system on chip (SoCs) devices in modern embedded systems. The intention of the new serial-based RapidIO interconnect, is to address the needs of embedded applications. This relatively new interconnect technology is poised to lead in this applications space. Embedded systems consist of multiple processing elements, which provide data processing and/or control functions. Some systems may have several thousands of devices that need to intercommunicate. This communication must be reliable, peer-to-peer, low latency, and bandwidth scalable. It must support a wide range of system topologies. Additionally, interconnect must be efficient in the areas of transaction, silicon, and software overhead. RapidIO had the benefit of being designed from the ground up. With this flexibility in mind, the specification targets embedded applications, with primary goals being reliability, efficiency, and protocol flexibility. RapidIO chose a three layered approach based in hardware. The lowest layer is the physical layer, which specifies electrical signaling and link level handshaking mechanisms. The transport layer sits above the physical layer and dictates how packets are routed in the switched environment. Finally, the logical layer is the highest layer which defines packet types and function
Evidence-Based Approach and Standardization of Nutraceuticals

Evidence-based approach for the use and selection of nutraceuticals are presented as well as the need and challenges to creating a method for the standardization of these products. A systematic review was completed to analyze the impact of evidence-based and standardization of nutraceuticals. Evidence-based approach for nutraceuticals allow for the evaluation of these products. This process involves utilizing current and best evidence to provide individualized care for patients. Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) are regulations enforced by the FDA to ensure that drug manufacturing processes meet basic standards. Under these practices, design, monitoring, and control of manufacturing processes are regulated. These practices can track and provide tools to prevent contamination of products available to consumers. Using evidence-based approach for nutraceutical can provide healthcare providers and consumers with evidence that is patient specific, for a given intervention and desired outcome. The global market for nutraceuticals is growing and all manufacturers should comply with cGMP to ensure safe, quality products for consumers. The goal is to have all nutraceutical manufacturers worldwide embrace cGMP in order to provide consumers with safe, effective and high quality products.
Syntheses and Structures of the First Heavy Alkaline Earth Metal Bis(tris(trimethylsilyl))silanides

The first heavy alkaline earth metal bis(tris(trimethylsilyl))silanides were obtained in high yield and purity by a straightforward metathesis reaction involving the treatment of potassium tris(trimethylsilyl)silanide, K(THF)nSi(SiMe3)3, with calcium, strontium, and barium iodides. The addition of specific donors provided either contact or separated species in the solid state, whereas in aromatic solvents the compounds dissociate into separated ions, as shown by 29Si NMR spectroscopic studies. We here report on the syntheses and characterization of compounds displaying M−Si bonds in the solid state with the general formula of M(THF)n(Si(SiMe3)3)2 (M = Ca, n = 3, 1; Sr, n = 3, 2; and Ba, n = 4, 3) and Sr(TMEDA)(THF)(Si(SiMe3)3)2, 4 (TMEDA = N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine). Compound 5, [Ba(HMPA)6][(Si(SiMe3)3)2], displays separated ions, while 6, [Ba(18-crown-6)(Si(SiMe3)3)2][Ba(HMPA)6][(Si(SiMe3)3)2], is a rare example containing both contact and separated ions in the asymmetric unit. All compounds w...
A design methodology for neutral buoyancy simulation of space operations

Neutral buoyancy has often been used in the past for EVA development activities, but little has been done to provide an analytical understanding of the environment and its correlation with space. This paper covers a set of related research topics at the MIT Space Systems Laboratory, dealing with the modeling of the space and underwater environments, validation of the models through testing in neutral buoyancy, parabolic flight, and space flight experiments, and applications of the models to gain a better design methodology for creating meaningful neutral buoyancy simulations. Examples covered include simulation validation criteria for human body dynamics, and for applied torques in a beam rotation task, which is the pacing crew operation for EVA structural assembly. Extensions of the dynamics models are presented for powered vehicles in the underwater environment, and examples given from the MIT Space Telerobotics Research Program, including the Beam Assembly Teleoperator and the Multimode Proximity Operations Device. Future expansions of the modeling theory are also presented, leading to remote vehicles which behave in neutral buoyancy exactly as the modeled system would in space.
Fuzzy logic control system for micro-hole electrical discharge machining

An advanced micro-hole electrical discharge machining (EDM) system with the adaptive fuzzy logic control and precision piezoelectric stage is developed in this study. A high-speed EDM monitoring system is implemented to measure the gap voltage, current, and ignition delay time, which are used to derive three input parameters, the average gap voltage, deviation of spark ratio, and change of deviation of spark ratio, for the fuzzy logic control. Servo displacement and speed of the piezoelectric stage during each data acquisition cycle are real-time synthesized by the adaptive fuzzy logic controller. Effects of the single and multiple input parameters, ignition delay threshold value, and maximum servo displacement and speed on the EDM drilling process are experimentally studied. Design of experiments (DOE) is applied to investigate the correlation of fuzzy logic control parameters. The optimal EDM parameter values are searched via the genetic algorithm. The optimal search result is experimentally validated. The fuzzy logic EDM control system has demonstrated the efficiency and stability in micro-hole drilling by reducing the frequency of irregular discharges and the drilling time.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Role of Competitive Cation Exchange on Chromatographic Displacement of Cesium in the Vadose Zone beneath the Hanford S/SX Tank Farm

Migration of radionuclides under the SX-tank farm at the Hanford nuclear waste complex involves interaction of variably water saturated sediments with concentrated NaOH–NaNO3–NaNO2 solutions that have leaked from the tanks. Constant K d models for describing radionuclide retardation are not valid under these conditions because of strong competition for sorption sites by abundant Na+ ions, and because of dramatically changing solution compositions with time as the highly concentrated tank fluid becomes diluted as it mixes with infiltrating rainwater. A mechanistic multicomponent sorption model is required that can account for effects of competition and spatially and temporally variable solution compositions. To investigate the influence of the high ionic strength tank fluids on Cs+ migration, numerical calculations are performed using the multiphase-multicomponent reactive transport code FLOTRAN. The computer model describes reactive transport in nonisothermal, variably saturated porous media including both liquid and gas phases. Pitzer activity coefficient corrections are used to describe the high ionic strength solutions. The calculations take into account multicomponent cation exchange based on measured selectivity coefficients specific to the Hanford sediments. Solution composition data obtained from Well 299-W23-19, documenting a moderately concentrated leak from the SX-115 tank, are used to calibrate the model. In addition to exchange of cations Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cs+, aqueous complexing and a kinetic description of precipitation and dissolution of calcite are also included in the calculations. The fitted infiltration rate of 0.08 m yr−1, and fitted cation exchange capacity of 0.05 mol kg−1 are consistent with measured values for the Hanford sediments. A sensitivity analysis is performed for Na+ concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 m to investigate the mobility of Cs+ interacting with a highly concentrated background electrolyte solution believed to have been released from the SX-108/SX-109 tanks. The calculations indicate that during the initial period of the tank leak when Cs+ is associated with high Na+ concentrations, there is little retardation of the Cs+ plume. However, as time increases the Na+ and Cs+ profiles become chromatographically separated due to differences in their selectivity coefficients and dilution of the tank leak plume with infiltrating rainwater. Eventually the two species become separated spatially, and Cs+ becomes highly retarded and remains essentially fixed in the sediments by cation exchange. For the 20 m Na+ simulated tank leak, the sorbed Cs+ profile is in close agreement with data obtained from the slant borehole and consistent with the estimated tank supernatant concentration. The simulations suggest that natural attenuation processes should result in strong fixation of Cs+ in the vadose zone in spite of the release of high Na+ concentrations during a tank leak event.
The Human Histidine Decarboxylase Promoter Is Regulated by Gastrin and Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate through a Downstream cis-Acting Element

Transcriptional regulation of the human histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene by gastrin and the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was studied using transient transfection of human HDC promoter-luciferase constructs in a human gastric carcinoma cell line (AGS-B) that expresses the human cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor. The transcriptional activity of the human HDC promoter was stimulated 3-4-fold by gastrin and 13-fold by PMA, effects that could be blocked by down-regulation or antagonism of protein kinase C. 5'- and 3'-deletion analysis demonstrated that the sequence responsible for gastrin- and PMA-stimulated transactivation (gastrin response element (GAS-RE)) was located in a region (+2 to +24) downstream of the transcriptional start site (+1) in the human HDC promoter and contained a palindrome (5'-CCCTTTAAATAAAGGG-3'). When ligated upstream of the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase promoter, a single copy of the GAS-RE was sufficient to confer responsiveness to gastrin and PMA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with specific competitors and factor-specific antibody supershifts showed that the labeled GAS-RE bound a novel nuclear factor(s). In addition, both gastrin and PMA increased binding of this factor to the GAS-RE. Hence, the palindromic GAS-RE site is sufficient to explain the gastrin/PMA responsiveness of the human HDC promoter and appears to bind a novel transcription factor.
Television as escape from self: Psychological predictors of media involvement

Abstract The present study extends prior research investigating psychological predictors of media preferences by examining various indicators of psychosocial functioning (self esteem, social anxiety, attachment anxiety/avoidance, negative affect, effortful control) in the context of two specific forms of media involvement: parasocial interaction with media characters and transportation into media programs. Results of a questionnaire study reveal that negative affect and decreased attentional/impulse control are most strongly predictive of both forms of media involvement. Additionally, attachment anxiety was found to predict increased transportation tendencies, and increased TV viewing hours predicted greater parasocial involvement with favorite characters. Results are discussed in light of the gratifications that may motivate individuals toward emotional involvement with entertainment media.
Growth, condition factor, and bioenergetics modeling link warmer stream temperatures below a small dam to reduced performance of juvenile steelhead.

Abstract We investigated the growth and feeding performance of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss using field measures and bioenergetics modeling. Juvenile steelhead populations were sampled from mid-June through August 2004 at study sites upstream and downstream of Hemlock Dam. The growth and diet of juvenile steelhead were determined for a warm (summer) and subsequent (late summer) transitional period at each study site. Empirical data on the growth and diet of juvenile steelhead and mean daily temperatures were used in a bioenergetics model to estimate the proportion of maximum consumption achieved by juvenile steelhead by site and period. Modeled estimates of feeding performance were better for juvenile steelhead at the upstream compared to the downstream site during both periods. The median condition factor of juvenile steelhead did not change over the summer at the upstream site, but showed a significant decline over time at the downstream site. A negative trend in median condition factor at the...
The ‘trade diversion’ episode of the ‘thirties

(1968). The ‘trade diversion’ episode of the ‘thirties. Australian Outlook: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 7-14.
Effect of Bipolar Cuff Electrode Design on Block Thresholds in High-Frequency Electrical Neural Conduction Block

Many medical conditions are characterized by undesired or pathological peripheral neurological activity. The local delivery of high-frequency alternating currents (HFAC) has been shown to be a fast acting and quickly reversible method of blocking neural conduction and may provide a treatment alternative for eliminating pathological neural activity in these conditions. This work represents the first formal study of electrode design for high-frequency nerve block, and demonstrates that the interpolar separation distance for a bipolar electrode influences the current amplitudes required to achieve conduction block in both computer simulations and mammalian whole nerve experiments. The minimal current required to achieve block is also dependent on the diameter of the fibers being blocked and the electrode-fiber distance. Single fiber simulations suggest that minimizing the block threshold can be achieved by maximizing both the bipolar activating function (by adjusting the bipolar electrode contact separation distance) and a synergistic addition of membrane sodium currents generated by each of the two bipolar electrode contacts. For a rat sciatic nerve, 1.0-2.0 mm represented the optimal interpolar distance for minimizing current delivery.
Uterine Contractions and Fertility Following Clitoral Massage of Dairy Cattle in Estrus

Lactating and nonlactating Holstein cows received 30 s of gentle clitoral massage to determine its effect on uterine contractility and oxytocin concentrations in blood. Clitoral stimulation caused an immediate single uterine contraction, and this could be repeated at 2.5-min intervals. Oxytocin concentrations did not change during intensive blood sampling following clitoral massage. Thus, the uterine response is interpreted as neurally mediated. Eighteen full-time inseminators were allotted to two groups, balanced so that each day half were inseminating control and half treated animals (5 s of clitoral massage following insemination). The 56-day nonreturns for 2090 controls were 74.3% versus 74.0% for 2049 animals receiving clitoral massage. Heifers were more fertile than cows (81.9% versus 70.6% nonreturns), but there was no indication that clitoral massage altered the nonreturn rate in either age group. Also, the time of day animals were inseminated did not affect nonreturn rate.
Skin Facilitates Candida albicans Mating

Mating between natural a/a and α/α strains of Candida albicans requires that cells first switch from the white to opaque phase phenotype. However, because cells expressing the opaque phase phenotype are induced to switch back to the white phase phenotype at physiological temperature (37°C) and because opaque phase cells are highly efficient at colonizing skin, we tested whether skin, which is several degrees lower than physiological temperature, is conducive to mating. Using a model in which a mixture of a/a and α/α cells are incubated for 24 h under a cotton patch on the hairless skin of newborn mice and using scanning electron microscopy to visualize cells on skin, it was demonstrated that skin facilitates mating. In some regions of the skin, 40% of all cells had fused. All of the stages of mating observed in vitro were observed in vivo. However, some unique morphological characteristics of mating on skin were observed and are attributable to parent cell immobilization on the skin. In control experiments on glass, plastic, and silicone elastomer surfaces at 32°C, cells either failed to fuse or did so at an extremely low frequency, suggesting that unique features of the skin surface other than reduced temperature also facilitate fusion.
Interpersonal Esteem Enhancement The Relationship Between Attachment and Perceptions of Esteem Support Messages

The relationship between attachment, situational factors (type of esteem threat, target responsibility, and problem severity), and ratings of the helpfulness of esteem support messages was examined in two studies (Study 1, N = 196; Study 2, N = 506). Esteem support is a particular form of emotional support intended to improve how the recipient feels about him or herself. In both studies, participants rated the helpfulness of esteem support messages for three types of esteem threat and completed measures of (a) attachment dimensions, (b) perceived situational severity, and (c) perceived target responsibility. Results indicate that attachment avoidance is related to ratings of message helpfulness and that situational features moderate the relationship between the attachment dimensions and esteem support message ratings.
Thiobarbituric-Acid-Reactive Substances from Autoxidized or Ultraviolet-Irradiated Unsaturated Fatty Esters and Squalene

SUMMARY The water-soluble 2-thiobarbituric.acid-reactive substances (TBRS) from oxidized and UV-irradiated unsaturated fatty acid esters and squalene were fractionated on Sephadex G-10 columns, and the fractions were characterized by elution volume, UV-absorption spectra, and behavior on TLC plates. By these criteria the main component in all eases was unequivocally identified as malonaldehyde (MA). Other TBRS accompanied MA but were clearly distinguishable. They were not identified, how. ever. With squalene, the total TBRS per double bond were only one-sixth of those of the fatty acid esters, and MA accounted for about half.
Numerical simulation of Stochastic Differential Algebraic Equations for power system transient stability with random loads

This paper summarizes numerical methods for Stochastic Differential Algebraic Equations (SDAEs) with which power system are modeled. The loads are modeled as random variables which appear in algebraic equations. The properties of numerical methods for Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) and Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) are reviewed and the first-order backward euler method is proposed for SDAE in power system transient stability simulation. Illustration examples are given on a single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) system.
Assessing the source of mercury in foliar tissue of quaking aspen

Foliar accumulation of mercury has been demonstrated to occur as plants leaf out, yet the primary source of this mercury is not known. Using closed-system growth chambers, uptake of mercury by quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) foliage was measured over time as a function of soil mercury concentrations (0.01, 6.2, and 25.6 microg/g) and atmospheric mercury exposure concentrations (1.4, 14.9, and 68.5 ng/m3). Foliar mercury concentrations increased as a function of time for all exposures. Twice during the experiment, leaf washes were analyzed for mercury to assess surface deposition, and little mercury was removed (0.02-0.04 ng/m2), suggesting that direct deposition to the leaf surface was not significant during this experiment. At the end of the four-month experiment, whole-plant mercury concentrations were determined. It was found that whereas mercury in the atmosphere primarily influenced foliar uptake, root concentrations were related to the soil mercury concentration. The implication of this study is that litterfall may serve as a pathway for new, atmospherically derived mercury to be deposited to forest soils. This has significant implications for watershed management of ecosystems where mercury is of concern.
RELIGION AND GLOBALIZATION

Abstract There are three paradigms regarding the role of religion in the globalization process: the modernist, the post-modernist, and the pre-modernist. In the past two decades, secularization has been accelerated and accentuated by globalization. The United States has promoted globalization and the American Creed of individualism. Expressive individualism—with its contempt for and protest against all hierarchies, communities, traditions, and customs—represents the logical conclusion and the ultimate extreme of the secularization of the Protestant religion. Yet the American Creed has generated resentment and resistance in societies whose religious traditions are different from the Christianity of the West.
Development of a baccalaureate major in information technology: adding a third dimension to a comprehensive computing program

The Information Technology discipline has become increasingly important both to higher education, business and industry. Although there has been a continuous growth of IT technical support jobs, several research studies claim that there are many unfilled information technology jobs because of the lack of workers who possess adequate knowledge and skills, even in the current economic climate. In response to this need in the computing industry, a new baccalaureate program in Information Technology was created. Creating this new Information Technology major in a school that already has an accredited CS major and IS major adds a third dimension to the available computing majors. In order to develop a program that is able to meet the market needs as well as being eligible for accreditation, a Model for Curriculum Development was designed as a guide that would provide a manageable and organized development process.This paper presents the process that the Information Technology committee at the School of Computing and Information Systems at Grand Valley State University is following in order to develop an Information Technology major degree. Specially, the paper focuses on the internal environmental scan section of the needs assessment phase. Additionally, this paper introduces the results of a survey that was conducted to determine students' interest in the proposed Information Technology major. Data was collected from 150 students of diverse majors who were taking computing courses. The results of the survey indicate that students viewed the knowledge areas that are covered in IT as important skills for their professional life.
The Roles of Climate Variability and Habitat Heterogeneity in Structuring a Forested System: An Integrated Accumulation Function of Species Richness

As forested systems are impacted by both natural and anthropogenic factors such as climate change, the biodiversity supported by those forests is likely to change. Quantifying that change, however, remains a difficult task due to variations in the sizes and conditions of forested systems. Species accumulation curves are a commonly used tool to scale estimates of species richness and provide an avenue for comparing biodiversity among habitats through rarefaction. However, we found that the ranked biodiversity among forested systems depends on the sample unit used, and there is a need to integrate landscape heterogeneity in spatially scaleable estimates of biodiversity. Both of these biodiversity assessment issues can be addressed using a new approach we term the Integrated Accumulation Function (IAF), a method based on combining component species accumulation curves. Using this approach on communities of canopy arthropods found in pinyon pine forests in the southwestern United States, we found three major ...
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Symptoms Associated with Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard therapy for many cancers. This chapter summarizes the various effects of RT on different tissues of the body and presents considerations for the use of acupuncture as an integrated treatment for symptoms referable to RT in terms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. Many common side effects of RT are presented, including xerostomia, skin irritation and burns, nausea, vomiting, neutropenia and fatigue. The mechanisms of acupuncture's effects are discussed, including increase of fibroblast, decrease of inflammatory cytokines, as well as increase of T lymphocytes, adenosine, neuropeptides, opioid peptides and peptide hormones. A brief explanation is given on how TCM theory is applied to enhance a patient’s overall wellness from both the TCM and Western medical perspectives. The concept of “symptom clusters” is addressed, showing how TCM is well-suited for this phenomenon. Acupuncture may be used as a safe adjunct to help preventing and minimizing the side effects of RT, enabling cancer patients to continue and complete their RT on schedule.
Opening a Course

Professor C. Roland Christensen, once remarked that the management of beginnings and endings was among the most important, but least appreciated, professional skills. Professors are trained to focus on the substantive middle, the beef, as it were, in the intellectual burger. All too often the buns must fend for themselves. Such neglect can be costly. A faulty start to a course can create a legacy that will haunt the instructor for the rest of the course, or worse. A bad beginning makes a bad ending said Euripides. The reality is that first impressions are hugely important within the classroom. How can one get a course launched well? Several instructors shared ideas with me; their comments addressed a variety of aims and tactics.
Effects of Feeding Fumonisin B1 Present in Fusarium moniliforme Culture Material and Aflatoxin Singly and in Combination to Turkey Poults

Abstract Diets containing 200 mg fumonisin B1/kg of feed and .75 mg aflatoxin/kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female turkey poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 10% by fumonisin B1, 39% by aflatoxins, and 47% by the combination. Relative weights (grams/100 g body weight) of the kidney and pancreas increased in poults fed the diet containing aflatoxins alone, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Relative weights of the liver and pancreas increased in the poults fed the fumonisin diet. Relative weights of the kidney, pancreas, and gizzard increased in the poults fed the combination diet, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Most serum constituents, hematology values, and activities of enzymes measured were altered in poults receiving the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B1. No major histological lesions were observed in tissues from control poults or poults fed the diet containing fumonisin alone. Lesions associated with aflatoxins were only observed in the liver and occasionally in the kidney of poults fed the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B1. The primary hepatic change was bile duct hyperplasia with some hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis and megalocytosis. Occasional necrotic and degenerating tubular epithelial cells were observed in the kidneys. The increased toxicity in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables showed less than additive toxicity. Although toxicity due to fumonisin B1 was shown, it must be pointed out that these concentrations are not likely to be encountered under field conditions. However, other stress factors may be present that could alter the toxicity observed under these controlled experimental conditions.
Formation of Silver Oxalate Films on Silver Electrodes from Supersaturated Silver Oxalate Solutions

Silver oxalate films have been formed on silver electrodes by polarizing them slightly cathodically in dilute aqueous solutions containing Ag+ ions and dimethyl oxalate. The solutions were supersaturated with silver oxalate which was produced as a result of the hydrolysis of dimethyl oxalate and was sparingly soluble. The supersaturation was maintained during the film formation.The potential of the silver electrode with silver oxalate formed at a very low current density, showed a linear response to the oxalate ion concentration between 10-4 and 10-1 M.
Serving Security: A History of Security Management Education at John Jay College of Criminal Justice

John Jay College has offered a degree in security management since 1972. The program now includes three degrees (AS, BS, and MS in Protection Management), two non-matriculate certificate programs, and a facility to provide education and training to the community at large, the Security Management Institute. The article describes the origin of the programs. Emphasis on research and international connections are also discussed. Since the blow to the city and the nation on 9/ 11/01, courses have been revised to include more emphasis on counter-terrorism, cybercrime, and emergency response and mitigation.
Use of a perfusion index to confirm the presence of sciatic nerve blockade in dogs.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate perfusion index (PI) as a determinant of regional nerve block success following sciatic nerve blockade with bupivacaine in dogs undergoing stifle surgery. Study design Prospective clinical trial. Animals Ten adult dogs, aged 5.6 ± 2.6 years and weighing 36.9 ± 16.8 kg, undergoing a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Methods Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg−1) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg−1) intramuscularly, and anesthetized with propofol (up to 4 mg kg−1) intravenously and isoflurane in oxygen. An ultrasound‐guided femoral and sciatic (F+S) nerve block was performed on the surgical limb with bupivacaine (0.75%), 0.2 mL kg−1 at the femoral site and 0.3 mL kg−1 at the sciatic site, with a maximum volume of 10 mL per site. Physiological variables were recorded every 5 minutes throughout anesthesia. A pulse co‐oximeter probe was placed between the third and fourth digits of both pelvic limbs, and the PI was recorded 5 minutes before infiltration with bupivacaine, immediately afterwards, and every 5 minutes for 30 minutes. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of the sciatic nerve was performed on the surgical limb 5 minutes before and 20 minutes after bupivacaine administration to confirm nerve block. Results The PI of the surgical limb was significantly greater than the contralateral pelvic limb at 10 minutes (p = 0.03) and 15 minutes (p Conclusions and clinical relevance The PI provided a reliable indication of successful sciatic nerve blockade in the clinical patients in this study. No increase in the PI by 15 minutes after bupivacaine administration around the sciatic nerve could indicate partial or total failure of anesthetic blockade.
A Case of Cutaneous Infections Due to Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Child

A three and half-year-old girl presented with lesions on her right buttock 3 years ago. She was bitten by mosquito before the symptoms. The manifestation of lesions was presented with well-demarcated prunosus ulcerated plague. Histopathological examination revealed tuberculoid granuloma. Acid-fast staining of the tissue of lesions was positive. Diagnosis: non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. The patient was cured with rifampicin and clarithromycin for 3 months.