cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Two Swords: Religion-State Connection and Interstate Disputes

Beginning with the 1979 Iranian Revolution, religion has come to be accepted as a relevant element of international relations. Yet, for every example of religion driving a state’s behavior, numerous counterexamples exist. What explains this variation in the effects of religion on state behavior? Existing studies of religion and international relations, while useful, focus too exclusively on demonstrating its relevance or analyzing religion as an identity; more attention is needed to the political and institutional conditions under which it comes to influence state behavior, especially in interstate crises. This paper approaches religion as a type of domestic politics, whose influence over crisis behavior depends on two factors: the extent of institutional connections between religion and state, and the level of these connections in the other parties to the dispute. It tests this theory through a quantitative analysis of interstate disputes since 1990. This paper contributes to the study of religion by moving beyond a focus only on religious identity; it also contributes to the broader study of interstate crises, by demonstrating the relevance of both material and ideational factors.
An ACVR1R375P pathogenic variant in two families with mild fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Genetic variants are vital in informing clinical phenotypes, aiding physical diagnosis, guiding genetic counseling, understanding the molecular basis of disease, and potentially stimulating drug development. Here we describe two families with an ultrarare ACVR1 gain-of-function pathogenic variant (codon 375, Arginine > Proline; ACVR1R375P ) responsible for a mild nonclassic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) phenotype. Both families include people with the ultrarare ACVR1R375P variant who exhibit features of FOP while other individuals currently do not express any clinical signs of FOP. Thus, the mild ACVR1R375P variant greatly expands the scope and understanding of this rare disorder.
Odum–Tennenbaum–Brown calculus vs emergy and co-emergy analysis: A reply

In a recent communication, Le Corre et al. (2015) criticize the method of calculating emergy using the co-emergy/emergy formulation given in Tennenbaum (2014). I will attempt to show that this method conforms to both the definition and the “rules of emergy algebra” laid out by Brown and Herendeen (1996). The note does raise some interesting points that should be open to discussion.
Applying classification algorithms in practice

In this paper we present a perspective on the overall process of developing classifiers for real-world classification problems. Specifically, we identify, categorize and discuss the various problem-specific factors that influence the development process. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the iterative nature of the process of applying classification algorithms in practice. In addition, we present a case study of a large scale classification application using the process framework described, providing an end-to-end example of the iterative nature of the application process. The paper concludes that the process of developing classification applications for operational use involves many factors not normally considered in the typical discussion of classification models and algorithms.
Short migration of methane into a gas hydrate-bearing sand layer at Walker Ridge, Gulf of Mexico

[1] The mechanisms governing distribution of natural gas hydrates in marine sediment systems are not well understood. We focus on a hole in the Gulf of Mexico, Walker Ridge Block 313 Hole H, where a 2.5-m-thick gas hydrate-bearing sand occurs within a 152-m-thick fine-grained mud interval containing gas hydrate in fractures. The gas hydrate-bearing sand is surrounded by two distinct hydrate-free zones (10-m-thick above and 3-m-thick below). We hypothesize that microbial methane generated within the hydrate-free zones diffused into the sand and formed gas hydrate. We show that the amount of methane produced in the hydrate-free zones is likely enough to explain the gas hydrate content of the sand layer. Additionally, we show that there is enough time for dissolved methane to diffuse from the hydrate-free zones into the sand. We conclude that methane transport over significant distances via fluid flow is not required but that microbial methane could migrate short distances to form gas hydrate in the sand layer.
Don't Count Them Out Just Yet: Toward the Plausible Use of Race-Preference Student Assignment Plans

Contrary to conventional wisdom, the Supreme Court's recent decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 could serve to broaden the permissible use of race beyond the boundaries presently permitted by the Court. In this highly fractionalized decision, five justices ultimately agreed that the race-based student assignment plans before their review could not withstand judicial scrutiny. One of these justices, Justice Kennedy, agreed with the plurality's conclusion, but rejected the plurality's assessment that it is never permissible to use race-preference student assignment plans absent evidence of de jure segregation. His concurrence, when read together with the reasoning of the Court's four dissenting justices, offers a plausible scenario under which future courts could find precedential support to uphold challenged race-preference student assignment plans as constitutionally permissible.
Chapter 10 Program trading and stock index arbitrage

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the development of the market in stock-index futures. The theoretical relationship between the futures price on a stock-index contract and the current level of its underlying index are described along with how prices are kept in line by arbitrage. In describing how the arbitrage is actually done, a program trading is discussed and the cost of carry model is generalized in the chapter to include the effects of transactions costs and the possibility of unwinding an arbitrage trade early. Reviewing the literature on empirical tests of the pricing model, it is found that most analysts found apparent futures mispricing, both in the U.S. and in foreign markets. Mispricing tended to be larger at the outset and to diminish over time as arbitrageurs developed more efficient information and execution procedures, such as electronic transmission of computer-generated orders into the market. The chapter presents the arguments that trading in stock-index futures, and especially arbitrage against the underlying stocks, led to increased volatility in the stock market. Except for the Triple Witching Hour where the link between futures and the potential for sharp price changes in the underlying stock is clear, the claim that index futures destabilize the stock market is not supported.
What Has Computer Graphics to Offer

The computing capability of second and third generation computers has far outdistanced the growth rate of accompanying input/output equipment. This statement is not intended to minimise the increased efficiency and flexibility of card readers, tapes, discs, key punches and printers. However, it is meant to point out the need for convenient new means of communicating with computers.
Food policies and prospects: Insights from global modelling

Abstract The author describes the application to international food problems of a simulation model of the world economy developed by the Systems Analysis Research Unit (SARU) of the UK Department of the Environment. He examines the role of food trade under alternative future conditions of abundance and adversity. Comparisons are drawn with some of the conclusions of other world models. The results highlight the potential of food trade as a contributor to higher income and consumption in poor regions, notably South and Southeast Asia.
3D unstructured mesh ALE hydrodynamics with the upwind discontinuous galerkin method

The authors describe a numerical scheme to solve 3D Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics on an unstructured mesh using a discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) and an explicit Runge-Kutta time discretization. Upwinding is achieved through Roe's linearized Riemann solver with the Harten-Hyman entropy fix. For stabilization, a 3D quadratic programming generalization of van Leer's 1D minmod slope limiter is used along with a Lapidus type artificial viscosity. This DGM scheme has been tested on a variety of hydrodynamic test problems and appears to be robust making it the basis for the integrated 3D inertial confinement fusion modeling code (ICF3D). For efficient code development, they use C++ object oriented programming to easily separate the complexities of an unstructured mesh from the basic physics modules. ICF3D is fully parallelized using domain decomposition and the MPI message passing library. It is fully portable. It runs on uniprocessor workstations and massively parallel platforms with distributed and shared memory.
Effect of Residual Stress on the J-R Curve of HY-100 Steel

Fabrication processes in structural components can result in intended or inadvertent material behavior changes due to plastic deformation and residual stresses. In this study, the effect of a residual stress field caused by prior plastic deformation of a beam in four-point bending on the J-R curve of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) thick specimens of HY-100 steel was investigated. Specimen blanks were deformed in four-point bending to two different levels of deflection prior to machining the starter notch. The resulting residual stress field in a companion test specimen was measured on side surfaces and through-the-thickness by a multiple exposure X-ray diffraction technique. J-testing was performed in three-point bending on undeformed specimens and the two deformed specimen sets using a modified multiple-specimen technique. A decrease in J Q and tearing modulus, T, with increasing specimen deflection was observed. The decrease in J Q was comparable to that observed previously in uniformly prestrained specimens.
The concept of cellular robotic system

The author discusses the conceptual basis for the theory and engineering of a new type of robotic system. The system is composed of autonomous robotic units which accomplish tasks in cooperation. After describing the relevance of this system and contrasting it with cellular automata and neural networks, the author establishes the fundamental properties of the system and their consequences for the structure of the robotic units, the space on which they operate, and the algorithms by which they accomplish the global tasks. The significance of the concept of cellular robotic systems for distributed computing, molecular computing, self-organization, and reliability is explained. >
Mesothelin-Targeted CARs: Driving T Cells to Solid Tumors

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are synthetic receptors that target T cells to cell-surface antigens and augment T-cell function and persistence. Mesothelin is a cell-surface antigen implicated in tumor invasion, which is highly expressed in mesothelioma and lung, pancreas, breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Its low-level expression in mesothelia, however, commands thoughtful therapeutic interventions. Encouragingly, recent clinical trials evaluating active immunization or immunoconjugates in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma or mesothelioma have shown responses without toxicity. Altogether, these findings and preclinical CAR therapy models using either systemic or regional T-cell delivery argue favorably for mesothelin CAR therapy in multiple solid tumors. Significance: Recent success obtained with adoptive transfer of CAR T cells targeting CD19 in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies has generated much enthusiasm for T-cell engineering and raises the prospect of implementing similar strategies for solid tumors. Mesothelin is expressed in a wide range and a high percentage of solid tumors, which we review here in detail. Mesothelin CAR therapy has the potential to treat multiple solid malignancies. Cancer Discov; 6(2); 133–46. ©2015 AACR.
Nonlinear Shock Acceleration with an Application to SNR G347.3 - 0.5

(ReceivedMarch 26, 2001) Some aspects of diffusive shock acceleration are reviewed with an emphasis on nonlinear effects from efficient acceleration. A direct application to G347.3 – 0.5, a supernova remnant showing a featureless X-ray spectrum believedprod ucedby synchrotron emission from TeV electrons, is also presented.
Retrieval of aerosol properties over the ocean using multispectral and multiangle Photopolarimetric measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter

The evaluation of the direct and indirect aerosol forcings of climate requires precise knowledge of the aerosol optical thickness, size distribution, chemical composition, and number density. Global monitoring of these parameters from satellites requires instruments that make full use of the information content of the scattered solar radiation. In this paper we analyze multispectral and multiangle photopolarimetric observations performed with an airborne version of the Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter over the ocean and demonstrate their exceptional retrieval potential. Using the 0.865- and 2.250-µm channels, we are able to determine the parameters of a bimodal size distribution, identify the presence of water-soluble and sea salt particles, and retrieve the optical thickness and column number density of aerosols. We also demonstrate that less comprehensive measurements by existing instruments would fail to provide retrievals of comparable completeness and accuracy.
Scalp abscess: a rare complication of fetal monitoring.

Summary Seven instances of scalp abscesses in newborninfants are described which seemed to be associated with the application of scalp electrodes for fetal monitoring during labor. The incidence of these abscesses is extremely low, occurring in 7 neonates out of a total of 2,003 who were monitored. One patient had 2 small pustules from which β-hemolytic streptococcus was isolated; the other 6 large abscesses must be considered sterile in light of the repeatedly negative bacteriologic cultures. The large, mostly bilateral abscesses were noted by the end of the first week of life and responded promptly to spontaneous or surgical drainage. The general condition of the neonates was always remarkably good. Maternal complications of labor, caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, and lacerations of the scalp did not seem to play a role in predisposing to the formation of the abscesses. The pathogenesis of the scalp abscesses remains obscure.
Aggregation and disaggregation kinetics of human blood platelets: Part II. Shear-induced platelet aggregation.

A population balance equation (PBE) mathematical model for analyzing platelet aggregation kinetics was developed in Part I (Huang, P. Y., and J. D. Hellums. 1993. Biophys. J. 65: 334–343) of a set of three papers. In this paper, Part II, platelet aggregation and related reactions are studied in the uniform, known shear stress field of a rotational viscometer, and interpreted by means of the model. Experimental determinations are made of the platelet-aggregate particle size distributions as they evolve in time under the aggregating influence of shear stress. The PBE model is shown to give good agreement with experimental determinations when either a reversible (aggregation and disaggregation) or an irreversible (no disaggregation) form of the model is used. This finding suggests that for the experimental conditions studied disaggregation processes are of only secondary importance. During shear-induced platelet aggregation, only a small fraction of platelet collisions result in the binding together of the involved platelets. The modified collision efficiency is approximately zero for shear rates below 3000 s-1. It increases with shear rates above 3000 s-1 to about 0.01 for a shear rate of 8000 s-1. Addition of platelet chemical agonists yields order of magnitude increases in collision efficiency. The collision efficiency for shear-induced platelet aggregation is about an order of magnitude less at 37 degrees C than at 24 degrees C. The PBE model gives a much more accurate representation of aggregation kinetics than an earlier model based on a monodispersed particle size distribution.
On nonlinear wave groups and crest statistics

We present a second-order stochastic model of weakly nonlinear waves and develop theoretical expressions for the expected shape of large surface displacements. The model also leads to an exact theoretical expression for the statistical distribution of large wave crests in a form that generalizes the Tayfun distribution (Tayfun, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 85, 1980, p. 1548). The generalized distribution depends on a steepness parameter given by μ = λ3/3, where λ3 represents the skewness coefficient of surface displacements. It converges to the Tayfun distribution in narrowband waves, where both distributions describe the crests of all waves well. In broadband waves, the generalized distribution represents the crests of large waves just as well whereas the Tayfun distribution appears as an upper bound and tends to overestimate them. However, the theoretical nature of the generalized distribution presents practical difficulties in oceanic applications. We circumvent these by adopting an appropriate approximation for the steepness parameter. Comparisons with wind-wave measurements from the North Sea suggest that this approximation allows both distributions to assume an identical form with which we can describe the distribution of large wave crests fairly accurately. The same comparisons also show that third-order nonlinear effects do not appear to have any discernable effect on the statistics of large surface displacements or wave crests.
Pertinacious prescription of practice paradigms: the ethical burden of coercive clinical guidelines.

Introduction For millennia, the authoritative standards of medical practice were the prudently accepted pronouncements of prestigious physicians. During the latter part of the twentieth century, physician-patient practice often evolved from the posture of pontifical pronouncement to one of informed negotiation, authoritatively conditioned by drug detail salesmen and medication advertisements on television. Often, unfortunately, review of consensus testimonials and even evidence-based research fails to justify unqualified enthusiasm. Not only informed consent decisions, but evaluation of professional competence and malpractice imputations may derive from controversial judgments that deviate from the standard party line. My personal list of pejorative neurologic issues is surely incomplete.
Intramolecular van der waals interactions and chemical shifts: A model for β‐ and γ‐effects

A correlation has been discovered between the local steric van der Waals energy as calculated by the MM2 force field and the chemical shift of a resonant nucleus within classes of saturated aliphatic phosphines, amines, hydrocarbons and monofunctional alcohols. Root-mean-square errors found for 37 phosphorus, 35 nitrogen and 164 carbon nuclei are 10.9, 5.9 and 2.8 ppm, respectively. It is found that repulsive van der Waals interactions are associated with deshielding effects in the observed chemical shifts, and attractive interactions with smaller shielding effects. A simple physical picture emerges which describes both β- and γ-effects under one common model. It is found that β-effects are associated with repulsive interactions while, contrary to earlier approaches γ-effects are due basically to attractive interactions.
Immunofluorescence microscopy is superior to fluorescent beads for detection of antinuclear antibody reactivity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and one of its key diagnostic criteria. Recently, new technologies based on antibody binding to fluorescence beads (FB) have been widely employed for ANA screening. We conducted a formal study in 385 consecutive patients who underwent both traditional immunofluorescence (IF) and FB testing and evaluated each patient for the diagnosis of SLE. The distribution of ANA test results was significantly different (chi(2)=73.12; p<0.0001) due to a marked discordance of double-negative and double-positive results. The concordance of the FB-negative and IF-negative test results was 240/256 (95.6%), while the concordance of double-positive results was 54/129 (41.9%). The sensitivity of IF was markedly higher (48/53; 90.6%) than that of the FB (26/53; 49.1%; p<0.0001) for the diagnosis of SLE. IF had a lower specificity (76%) than FB (87%; p=0.0002). The present data show that the IF assay has superior sensitivity for detection of ANA and should continue to be used as the primary screening test for the diagnosis of SLE.
Rate and predictability in rate-tracking tasks☆

Target displacement and track coherence in pursuit tracking tasks experiments for human performance studies
Biologic assay of adrenal cortex hormones by the method of unstained cell counts.

Summary and ConclusionsThe proposed method of assay consists of incubating cellular suspensions derived from the rabbit thmus with adrenal cortex preparations at 37°C for 24 and 44 hours. The number of viable cells in the incubated and treated suspensions were determined by the method of unstained cell counts. The cytocidal unit was defined as that amount of reagent which killed 50% of the cells as compared to a control, incubated suspension. The cytocidal unit was found to be 0.025 γ for 17-hydroxycorticosterone and 0.1 γ for corticosterone and cortisone.Small doses of the adrenal cortex preparations had a delayed cytocidal effect whereas large doses of adrenal cortex extract and corticosterone had an immediate effect.
Dealing with dysfunctional tutorial groups

Background: The popularization of problem‐based learning has introduced management of small groups as a critical skill for medical faculty. Some faculty have found themselves in dysfunctional groups without the skills necessary to correct the learning climate. Purpose: This study was conducted to generate strategies faculty can use to deal with difficult tutorial groups. Methods: Twenty‐three experienced tutors were arranged into 5 groups, then rotated through 5 training stations. Each station consisted of 5 students trained to behave according to a dysfunctional scenario. Tutor groups assessed the problem of each station group, planned an intervention, and intervened via one of the group's tutors. Results: Assessments of the difficulties in each group varied according to the particular station group scenario being observed. Interventions were tailored to the specific assessments tending from less invasive (i.e., asking questions while the case is being discussed to influence the direction of discussion) ...
Ranking fuzzy subsets over the unit interval

We are interested in investigating the question of ranking fuzzy subsets in the unit interval. We present some initial ideas and concepts toward a solution of this problem.
Thinking Long Term: Physical Education's Role in Movement and Mobility.

This paper addresses the role of physical education in promoting physical activity and mobility. It is assumed that attitude is an important component that influences physical activity and, ultimately, mobility. A variety of factors and the way they impact children's attitudes toward physical education are discussed. In particular, the outcomes of physical education, motor skill development and student skill level, and student attitude are presented. The factors that influence student skill development and attitude are interrelated and occur over many years both in and out of school. I conclude that to promote physical activity, physical education must address attitude and be enjoyable.
Development and Maintenance of Somatotopic Maps of the Skin: A Mosaic Hypothesis Based on Peripheral and Central Contiguities (Part 1 of 2)

The somatotopic mapping of tactile information from the skin onto structures in the brain is ubiquitous in the somatosensory system of mammals. This paper reviews evidence which suggests that the soma
(p, n) Angular Distributions from Mirror Nucleus Targets: C 13 , B 11 , and Be 9

Neutron angular distributions from the ($p, n$) reactions in ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$, and ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$ have been measured using a long-counter detection technique in conjunction with the Livermore 90-inch variable-energy cyclotron. Proton energies ranged from threshold (2.0 Mev to 3.2 Mev) up to 5.7 Mev. The aim here was to find qualitative experimental evidence bearing on the direct reaction mechanism proposed by Bloom, Glendenning, and Moszkowski wherein the ($p, n$) reaction connecting the ground states of mirror nuclei should go via a direct mode which is derived principally from the residual two-body interaction between the incoming proton and the bound neutron (or neutrons). It is found that the experimental evidence supports this hypothesis in that the angular distribution changes slowly in the direction of increasing complexity with increasing energy, largely ignoring the occurrence of resonances except in their immediate vicinity. Also a tentative grouping by pairs of the ($p, n$) angular distributions for (${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$, ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$) and (${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$) shows marked similarities between the members of each pair in conformity with the twin-reaction picture stemming from the same theory. Finally, preliminary results are presented of an IBM-704 computation program using a distorted-wave Born approximation theory formulated originally by Glendenning. The comparison between theory and experiment, although based on early returns, is in general encouraging. It is found that a triplet-singlet interaction strength ratio is required here which is about $\frac{2}{3}$ of that derived from the Gammel-Thaler phenomenological potential. However, in view of the basic differences between the free and the bound two-body problem it is felt that more knowledge will be required in order to properly compare the present results with the free-scattering analyses.
Social desirability of the Runner studies of attitude patterns.

Edwards ( 1957) noted that endorsement of personality test items correlated .87 with item social-desirability ratings. Many studies since then have verified that the probability of item selection is directly linked with its social desirability. One may infer that some personality tests may measure a social-desirability response set rather than the dimensions described in its manual. Edwards' method was used in the present study to examine the social desirability of the Runner Studies of Attitude Patterns (1970), a phenomenological personalily measure used in counselling and in selection. The 102 statements from the Rumer Studies of Attitude Patterns common to the 1964 and 1970 editions were administered to 119 female and 135 male entering freshmen at Shippensburg State College, Pennsylvania. Ss were instructed to rate each item on a 9-point scale on the basis of how socially desirable or undesirable they judged it to be in describing others. The mean rating of an item was its social desirability value. Each S rated approximately one-thud of the items. Then, 359 male and 444 female entering freshmen from the same college were asked to describe themselves by responding either true or false to each of the personality statements. Item endorsement was determined by the proportion of true responses. Sex differences were noted for both the mean SD ratings of many items and proportion of endorsement. SD ratings for the female group ranged from 3.039 to 7.546 with the mean and standard deviation of all items 5.035 and 1.002 respectively. SD ratings for the male group ranged frrom 3.427 to 6.600 with the mean and standard deviation of all items 5.079 and .796 respectively. These data clearly indicate that the items on the Runner are generally neutral with respect to social desirability. The correlations between social-desirability value and proportion endorsement were .488 for males, .294 for females and .476 for the total group. Thus, although the items are neutral with respect to social desirability, item endorsement is moderately related to its SD value.
Peripheral and central dopamine receptors in respiratory control

The role of peripheral and central dopaminergic mechanisms in respiratory control was studied in anesthetized cats. In one series, we simultaneously measured carotid chemoreceptor and ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia before and after a saturation dose of intravenous domperidone, a peripheral dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist. Both carotid chemoreceptor and ventilatory responses were augmented by domperidone essentially in proportion, suggesting that they reflected the increase of peripheral chemoreceptor activity. Haloperidol which crosses into the brain from blood, given subsequent to domperidone, did not further affect carotid chemoreceptor responses but attenuated ventilatory responses to hypoxia without significantly altering those to hypercapnia. Thus, the additional ventilatory effect of haloperidol is mediated through central dopaminergic mechanisms involving peripheral chemoreflex pathway alone. In another series, the anesthetized cats were paralyzed and artificially ventilated to study carotid chemoreceptor responses to step increases in the end-tidal PCO2 before and after domperidone. Domperidone significantly augmented the responses to CO2. The results support the hypothesis that both peripheral and central dopaminergic mechanisms play a significant modulatory role in chemoreflex respiratory control.
Bootstrap confidence interval estimates of cpk: an introduction

The interpretation of Cpk:, a common measure of process capability and confidence limits for it, is based on the assumption that the process is normally distributed. The non-parametric but computer intensive method called Bootstrap is introduced and three Bootstrap confidence interval estimates for C^ are defined. An initial simulation of two processes (one normal and the other highly skewed) is presented and discussed
NEONATAL MEPIVICAINE (CARBOCAINE R ) POISONING

A 23-year-old primigravida received 300 mg of mepivicaine via paracervical (100 mg) and pudendal (200 mg) injections, 60 min. and 30 min., respectively, prior to delivery of a term 3.1 kg infant. At delivery the baby was apneic and flaccid with a heart rate of 40. There were needle marks over the right parietal region. Despite resuscitation, placement of chest tubes for pneumothoraces, exchange transfusion and ventilatory support, the infant died of cardiac arrest associated with status epilepticus at 23 hours. Autopsy showed moderate hyaline membrane formation and intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Serum levels (μg/ml) by GLC were 16 at 7 hours, 15.4 at 11 hr (pre-exchange), 11.6 (post exchange), 9.8 at death, with a CSF level of 13 at 10 hr. GLC of fluid from scalp subcutaneous tissue at the site of needle marks showed a high concentration of mepivicaine. Post mortem tissue levels (μg/g wet weight) by GC-mass spectrometry using a multiple ion detector method with lidocaine internal standard were cortex 80.9, midbrain 77.1, pons 83.5, medulla 60.9, spinal cord 78.0, cerebellum 78.4, liver 87.8, kidney 58.6, fat 14.9, muscle 10.9. This case documents a fatal complication of the use of local anesthetics during labor. It demonstrates that mepivicaine may be concentrated in the neonatal CNS. The high CNS levels with lower serum levels suggest that exchange transfusion, if it is to be helpful, must be performed as soon as possible after delivery.
Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase: possible artifact of analysis due to a pyridine nucleotide-dependent carboxylation.

Abstract Addition of pyridine nucleotides to a microsomal system which is commonly used to study the vitamin K-dependent microsomal carboxylase promoted carboxylation of unknown endogenous compounds. Upon gel filtration, the carboxylated products were found to be of lower molecular weight (MW range 180–650) than the peptide substrate of the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Synthesis of these products was not inhibited by vitamin K antagonists nor did pyridine nucleotides stimulate carboxylation of the peptide substrate for vitamin K-dependent carboxylation in the absence of vitamin K. Thus the reaction appears to be mediated by a different enzyme. Dialysis of the microsomal system removed this pyridine nucleotide-stimulated carboxylation and activated the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and epoxidation reactions. These data point out a possible artifact in the routine study of this enzyme and suggest that dialysis should be carried out prior to studying these two vitamin K-dependent reactions.
Measurement of preheat due to fast electrons in laser implosions

The emission of hard x-rays, coincident with 3(omega) L/2 emission, has been measured in laser-interaction experiments on the OMEGA laser system, indicating fast electrons due to the two-plasmon-decay instability. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine the preheat level due to these electrons. In a calibration experiment a flat target containing titanium and vanadium layers was irradiated and the preheat was determined using two signatures: the intensity of K(alpha) lines from the high-Z target layers and the spectrum of hard x-rays measured by an array of BaF2 scintillation detectors. The intensity of both signals can be directly related to the preheat energy; therefore, the two preheat measurements can be cross calibrated. This comparison lends support to the determination of preheat in spherical target experiments, where only the hard x-ray diagnostic is available. For CH shell implosions and square laser pulses the preheat energy deposited in the target amounts to approximately 0.1 percent of the laser energy. The maximum rise in temperature due to the preheat is approximately 10 eV. Finally, the temperature of fast electrons is deduced from the measured spectrum of MeV protons accelerated from the surface of the target; the result agree with the temperature deduced from hard x-rays, namely, T approximately 100 to 200 keV.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of oxygen partial pressure during pulsed laser deposition on the orientation of CeO2 thin films grown on (100) silicon

The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the preferred orientation of CeO 2 thin films was investigated by depositing CeO 2 thin films and Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 /CeO 2 multilayers on Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. CeO 2 thin films exhibited random polycrystalline grain structures at high oxygen partial pressure (≥40 mtorr), a result that is contrary to previous reports. The relationship of the preferred orientations observed between Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 films and the CeO 2 layer underneath confirmed that random polycrystalline CeO 2 was obtained at high oxygen partial pressure. It was suggested that x-ray diffraction data in previous reports might have been misinterpreted.
Isolation and functional analysis of a Kluyveromyces lactis RAP1 homologue.

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAP1 ( Sc RAP1) is an essential protein which interacts with diverse genetic loci within the cell. RAP1 binds site-specifically to the consensus sequence, 5′-AYCYRTRCAYYW ( UAS RPG , where R = A or G, W = A or T, Y = C or T). In Kluyveromyces lactis (Kl ) ribosomal protein-encoding genes ( rp ) retain functional RAP1-binding elements, suggesting the presence of a RAP1-like factor. Kl extracts display an activity capable of specifically binding to rp fragments bearing UAS RPG ,. We subsequently isolated the Kl RAPl-encoding gene by homology to a subfragment which encodes the N terminus of the DNA-binding domain of Sc RAP1. The predicted amino acid (aa) sequence of Kl RAP1 indicates it is smaller than Sc RAP1 (666 vs. 827 aa) with the N terminus being truncated. The DNA-binding domain is virtually identical between the two RAP1 proteins, while the RIF1 domain is moderately conserved. The region between these two domains and the N-termini are highly divergent. Two potential UAS RPG were identified in the 5' flanking region, suggesting an autoregulatory role for RAP1. Despite the similarities between the two proteins, KI RAP1 is unable to complement Sc rap 1 ts mutants, suggesting that domains essential for function in Sc are absent from the KI protein.
A randomized, double-blind pilot study of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for intensive care unit sedation: patient recall of their experiences and short-term psychological outcomes.

Introduction:Sedation with dexmedetomidine may facilitate ventilator liberation and limit the occurrence of delirium. No trial has assessed patient recall or the development of psychological outcomes after dexmedetomidine sedation. This pilot study evaluated whether transitioning benzodiazepine sedation to dexmedetomidine alters patient recall and the incidence of anxiety, depression, or acute stress disorder (ASD).Methods:This investigation was a randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Existing continuous benzodiazepine sedation was converted to dexmedetomidine or midazolam when patients qualified for daily awakenings. Sedation was titrated to achieve Riker sedation agitation scores of 3 to 4. The intensive care unit (ICU) Stressful Experiences Questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the impact of event scale-revised were administered before hospital discharge to assess recall, anxiety, depression, and manifestations of ASD.Results:A total of 11 patients received dexmedetomidine,...
Connections between Tomboulis vortices and projection vortices

Abstract By using the freedom of picking a representative we explore connections between the Tomboulis SO(3) × Z(2) form of the partition function and the SU(2) form. We are able to express the monopole and vortex observables of the former in terms of configurations of the latter. Also we can measure Tomboulis and projection vortex counters on the same configuration to search for correlations.
Deformation stage for quantitative acoustic emission measurements

A deformation stage capable of fully reversed fatigue loading for use in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described. This stage incorporates a novel surface displacement transducer for the detection of acoustic emission (AE) signals, which has a flat response over a wide band and can be used as a receiver up to 12 MHz. Also described is a method for analysis of these signals to obtain the size, speed, and location of the source event. A special grip geometry is introduced such that the dynamic Greens function describing the surface displacement at the transducer contains an initial p-wave delta function which is utilized to determine the source properties.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendage Function and Spontaneous Contrast Formation After Chemical or Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation

Changes in left atrial (LA) appendage pulsed-wave Doppler velocities and changes in grades of spontaneous contrast occur immediately after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The effect of sequential ineffective electrical cardioversion attempts or chemical cardioversion on these parameters is unknown. TEE was performed in 23 patients with chronic AF. Doppler velocities and grades of spontaneous contrast were assessed before and after each cardioversion attempt until sinus rhythm was achieved. Doppler emptying and filling velocities were significantly decreased after electrical (0.39 +/- 0.14 vs 0.27 +/- 0.16 [p = 0.01] and 0.43 +/- 0. 18 vs 0.30 +/- 0.14 m/s [p = 0.01]) or chemical cardioversion to sinus rhythm (0.65 +/- 0.18 vs 0.31 +/- 0.06 [p = 0.03] and 0.64 +/- 0.22 vs 0.44 +/- 0.17 m/s [p = 0.04]). Spontaneous contrast developed in 1 of 3 patients after chemical conversion to sinus rhythm and was present in 11 of 20 patients before electrical cardioversion, developing in 4 patients and intensifying in 2 patients immediately after successful cardioversion. These phenomena were not seen after ineffective electrical or chemical cardioversion attempts. This suggests that restoration of sinus rhythm is in itself responsible for these phenomena, not the method by which sinus rhythm is achieved.
FOREIGN ENTRY INTO U.S. MANUFACTURING BY TAKEOVERS AND THE CREATION OF NEW FIRMS

Using US Bureau of Economic Analysis data from 1988 to 2006, we investigate the relationship between foreign acquisitions and new foreign establishments (greenfields) and the comparative advantage of the investing country. Unlike previous studies, we analyze the value of assets acquired by foreign investors and assets in newly established foreign firms in manufacturing industries. We find foreign acquisitions are in industries in which the investing country has a comparative advantage but are not in industries of US comparative advantage or disadvantage. Foreign-owned newly established firms are in industries of investing country comparative advantage and US comparative disadvantage.
ESTIMATING SIZE OF GEAR TOOTH ROOT CRACK USING EMBEDDED MODELLING

Abstract This paper describes an embedded modelling approach for identifying gear meshing stiffness from measured gear angular displacement or transmission error. An embedded model integrating a physical based model of the gearbox and a parametric representation, in the form of truncated Fourier series, of meshing stiffness is established. A solution method is then used to find the meshing stiffness that minimises the discrepancy between model output and measured output. Furthermore, an algorithm is also developed to estimate the size of tooth crack from identified meshing stiffness. Both simulation and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate if identified tooth meshing stiffness can reveal a tooth crack more effectively, and if the crack size can be estimated with an adequate level of accuracy.
Parametric study of water vapor absorption into a constrained thin film of lithium bromide solution

Abstract This study presents a two-dimensional numerical simulation of a membrane-based absorber. A comprehensive parametric study is performed to quantify the influence of different operational and geometrical parameters such as solution film thickness, velocity, and concentration, cooling water temperature, and membrane thickness, pore size, and porosity on the absorption rate. In addition, the effect of membrane surface roughness on the absorption rate is investigated. The results indicate that the most critical parameters that affect the absorption rate are the solution film thickness and velocity. While it is impossible to control these parameters independently in a conventional absorber, they can be readily adjusted in the proposed membrane-based absorber to achieve the optimal performance. The simulation results suggest up to 3-fold enhancement in the absorption rate when a solution film thickness in the range of 50–100 μm is used.
Dimensions of Biological and Psychological Function in Two Samples of Children in the Third Grade

-Two factor analyses of two intercorrelation matrices of 35 selected achievement, inrellectual, personality, sociometric, physiological, and maturational variables that were obrained for two representative samples of 336 boys and 336 girls in the third grade furnished evidence in only modest support of a holistic hypothesis of the interdependence of psychological and biological function.
Brainstem Stimulation Increases Functional Connectivity of Basal Forebrain-Paralimbic Network in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Rats

Brain states and cognitive-behavioral functions are precisely controlled by subcortical neuromodulatory networks. Manipulating key components of the ascending arousal system (AAS), via deep-brain stimulation, may help facilitate global arousal in anesthetized animals. Here we test the hypothesis that electrical stimulation of the oral part of the pontine reticular nucleus (PnO) under light isoflurane anesthesia, associated with loss of consciousness, leads to cortical desynchronization and specific changes in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. BOLD signals were acquired simultaneously with frontal epidural electroencephalogram before and after PnO stimulation. Whole-brain FC was mapped using correlation analysis with seeds in major centers of the AAS. PnO stimulation produced cortical desynchronization, a decrease in δ- and θ-band power, and an increase in approximate entropy. Significant increases in FC after PnO stimulation occurred between the left nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM) as seed and numerous regions of the paralimbic network. Smaller increases in FC were present between the central medial thalamic nucleus and retrosplenium seeds and the left caudate putamen and NBM. The results suggest that, during light anesthesia, PnO stimulation preferentially modulates basal forebrain-paralimbic networks. We speculate that this may be a reflection of disconnected awareness.
Output, Error, Equivocation, and Recalled Information in Auditory, Visual, and Audiovisual Information Processing with Constraint and Noise

Past controversies over the relative effectiveness of auditory, visual, and audiovisual channels are seen as the results of nondifferentiation of error and equivocation. Seventh grade students were used as Ss in an experiment consisting of noise and no noise conditions with constrained and nonconstrained communication in A, V, and AV treatments. Data were examined in terms of output, error, equivocation, and recalled (shared) information based upon information theory. The superiority of the AV treatment was substantiated in all respects of information processing, making less error and equivocation, but recalling more information correctly as compared with the A or V channel. Comparisons between A and V unequivocally established the fact that V made less error but more equivocation, whereas A processed more output information and also made more error; however, there was no significant difference between them in recalled information. The dependence of A upon constraint was found to be far greater than that of AV whose dependence in turn was greater than that of V. Noise was found to affect A most, V the next most, and AV the least. With between-channel redundancy AV seemed to be capable of reducing the effect of noise.
Reasonable Design Space Approach to Response Surface Approximation

Response surface approximations have become very popular as a tool for multidisciplinary optimization. However, the accuracy of these models is a major concern. One method to increase the accuracy of response surface approximations is to construct them only for the portion of the design space that represents reasonable designs. Our paper describes the methodology underlying this reasonable design space approach. This methodology is illustrated using two examples involving multidisciplinary optimization of a high-speed civil transport model. In these examples, low-fidelity analyses are used to estimate the boundary of the reasonable design space. Within the reasonable design space, response surface models are constructed, based on results from higher-fidelity analyses. The accuracy of the response surface models created with and without using the reasonable design space approach is compared, and the advantages of employing response surface models created via the reasonable design space approach are demonstrated.