cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurements and interpretation of normal mode attenuation

summary. Measurements of Q for modes of free oscillation provide the most accurate information about the anelastic properties of the whole Earth in the period range from 100 to 3000 s. We have obtained more than 230 Q measurements, by using two different techniques. Individual LaCoste—Romberg gravimeter recordings of three large earthquakes were used to observe the time rate of decay of spectral peaks corresponding to different modes. This method provided measurements of Q for 37 different modes. By stacking 211 WWSSN recordings of two deep earthquakes, we were able to measure Q for 197 modes, including many overtones which cannot be analysed using the spectra of individual recordings.
Photovoltaic hybrid system performance comparisons: prediction versus field results

A photovoltaic hybrid power system consists of a PV array and inverter that operate either alternately or in parallel with a conventional engine-driven generator. At present, hybrid power systems are being used to supply single-family residences, communications, and village power. This paper analyzes the various design constraints of such systems and suggests design changes that can improve overall system performance in some cases. The Southwest Technology Development Institute (New Mexico State University), under contract to Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has installed data acquisition systems (DAS) on a number of hybrid PV power systems. These range from small residential systems to village-scale systems. At present, even larger systems are being installed with hundreds of kilowatts of PV modules, multiple wind machines, and multiple diesel generators.
Pigment vs cholesterol cholelithiasis: bacteriology of gallbladder stone, bile, and tissue correlated with biliary lipid analysis.

Although pigment (calcium bilirubinate) gallstones in Japanese subjects are associated with bacterial infection, the role of infection in Americans with pigment gallstones has not been assessed. Anaerobic and aerobic cultures of gallbladder bile, stone, and wall were obtained at cholecystectomy from nine patients with pigment stones and 25 with cholesterol stones. Among pigment-stone subjects, only 1 of 9 grew organisms in greater than 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml or g in gallbladder bile or wall. Likewise, growth greater than 105 CFU/ml or g was present in only 1 of 26 biles and 2 of 26 walls from cholesterol-stone patients.Propionibacterium acnes was found in less than 105 CFU/g or ml in at least 1 specimen from 6 of 9 pigment- and 12 of 26 cholesterol-stone patients. This organism was considered a contaminant because propionic acid concentrations in bile, an index of active bacterial metabolism, were similar in specimens with or without low-titer growth. The concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, and bilirubin in gall-bladder bile was unaffected by the type of bacteria in low-titer growth. But the lipid concentrations were markedly depressed in two biles with bacterial growth greater than 105 CFU/ml. The molar ratio of bile salts and phospholipids to cholesterol was significantly higher in biles surrounding pigment stones than those surrounding cholesterol stones (P 105 CFU/ml) is not associated with pigment or cholesterol stones in asymptomatic American subjects at cholecystectomy. These data suggest that pigment-stone formation in the United States is not primarily related to bacterial alteration of bile composition, as the experience with Japanese patients would suggest.
A condition monitoring vector database approach for broken bar fault diagnostics of induction machines

In this paper, a condition monitoring vector database (CMVDB) approach for broken bar fault diagnostics of squirrel-cage induction machines is presented. In this approach, a database of so-called "condition monitoring vectors" (CMVs) is generated for healthy and broken bar fault conditions using the time-stepping finite-element method. The CMV consists of the negative sequence components of winding voltages, currents, and impedances, the frequency spectrum sideband components of motor currents, and the space-vectors of motor terminal quantities (currents and voltages) from which the motor magnetic field pendulous oscillations are derived, as well as the motor speed and developed torque. This CMV will serve as the fault index (signature) for the faults under investigation in this work. This database is intended for use as a reference database in an on-line condition monitoring and fault diagnostic system. In this work, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques based on a statistical machine learning approach are used to detect and distinguish the type of fault and its severity based on the on-line measurements of the motor terminal voltages and currents, as well as the motor speed and developed torque, in comparison to the available CMVDB. To demonstrate the proof-of-principle of the database approach, simulation and experimental results for a 2-hp induction motor are given here to verify the viability of this approach
Targeted ultrasound contrast agents: In vitro assessment of endothelial dysfunction and multi‐targeting to ICAM‐1 and sialyl Lewisx

An ultrasound-based molecular imaging technique capable of detecting endothelial cell markers of inflammation may allow early, non-invasive assessment of vascular disease. Clinical application of targeted, acoustically-active microbubbles requires optimization of microbubble-endothelial adhesion strength to maximize image signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the ability to discern the degree of inflammation along a continuum of dysfunction. Accordingly, we hypothesized that adhesion of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-targeted microbubbles is dependent on the degree of endothelial inflammation, and that microbubbles multi-targeted to both ICAM-1 (via anti-ICAM-1 antibodies) and selectins (via sialyl Lewisx) demonstrate greater adhesion strength than microbubbles targeted to either inflammatory marker alone. In a radial flow chamber, microbubbles were perfused across endothelial cells activated with interleukin-1β to four different levels of inflammation, as assessed by quantitative ICAM-1 expression. ICAM-1-targeted microbubble adhesion strength increased with increasing degree of inflammation, with a relationship that was both positive and linear (r > 0.99). Microbubble adhesion strength was significantly higher for the multi-targeted microbubbles than either of the single-targeted microbubbles. These data thus demonstrate that multi-targeting of contrast microbubbles may offer improved adhesion characteristics, allowing for greater sensitivity to inflammation. Furthermore, the adhesion strength of targeted microbubbles is linearly dependent on the degree of inflammation, suggesting that targeted ultrasound imaging may offer differentiation between various degrees of endothelial dysfunction, and thus detect not only the presence, but also the severity of inflammatory disease processes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technology Implementation and Workarounds in the Nursing Home

Objective: This study sought to explore the relationship of workarounds related to the implementation of an electronic medication administration record and medication safety practices in five Midwestern nursing homes. Design: As a part of a larger study, this qualitative evaluation was conducted to identify workarounds associated with the implementation of an electronic medication administration record. Data were collected using multimethods including direct observation, process mapping, key informant interviews, and review of field notes from medication safety team meetings. Measurements: Open and axial coding techniques were used to identify and categorize types of workarounds in relation to work flow blocks. Results: Workarounds presented in two distinct patterns, those related to work flow blocks introduced by technology and those related to organizational processes not reengineered to effectively integrate with the technology. Workarounds such as safety alert overrides and shortcuts to documentation resulted from first-order problem solving of immediate blocks. Nursing home staff as individuals frequently used first-order problem solving instead of the more sophisticated second-order problem solving approach used by the medication safety team. Conclusion: This study provides important practical examples of how nursing home staff work around work flow blocks encountered during the implementation of technology. Understanding these workarounds as a means of first-order problem solving is an important consideration to understanding risk to medication safety.
Potassium Channel Blockers Attenuate Hypoxia- and Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death In Vitro and In Vivo

Background and Purpose— In light of recent evidence suggesting that an upregulation of K+ efflux mediated by outward delayed rectifier (IK) channels promotes central neuronal apoptosis, we sought to test the possibility that blockers of IK channels might be neuroprotective against hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal death. Methods— Membrane currents were recorded with the use of patch clamp recordings in cultured murine cortical neurons. Protective effects of K+ channel blockers were examined in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 14-day reperfusion. Results— The K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA) (5 mmol/L) selectively blocked IK without affecting N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor–mediated current or voltage-gated Ca2+ currents. Both TEA and a lipophilic K+ channel blocker, clofilium, attenuated neuronal apoptosis induced by hypoxia in vitro and infarct volume induced by ischemia in vivo. Conclusions— These data are consistent with the idea that K+ channel–mediated...
A taxonomy of Wiki genres in enterprise settings

A growing body of work examines enterprise wikis. In this paper, we argue that "enterprise wiki" is a blanket term describing three different genres of wiki: single contributor wikis, group or team wikis, and internal-use encyclopedias emulating Wikipedia. Based on the results of a study of wiki usage in a multinational software company, we provide a taxonomy of enterprise wiki genres. We discuss emerging challenges specific to company-wide encyclopedias for which platforms such as Wikipedia provide surprisingly little guidance. These challenges include platform and content management decisions, territoriality, establishment of contribution norms, dispute resolution, and employee turnover.
Vegetative and Invertebrate Community Characteristics of Conservation Reserve Program Fields Relative to Gamebirds In Western Kansas

ABSTRACT We examined vegetation and invertebrate characteristics, including insect biomass, insect-prey, six Families and seven Orders in four varieties of Conservation Reserve Program (CP10, improved CP10, CP2 and CP25) and wheat fields in western Kansas during Jun. and Jul., 2004 and 2005 relative to gamebird chick ecology. CP10 fields had less bare ground and forbs compared to the other Conservation Practices and CP25 fields had lost much of their original forb component by the end of the study. Although there was little forb component, CP10 fields had high invertebrate biomass. However, CP10 fields demonstrated sizeable declines in the estimated effect size of examined invertebrate characteristics between sampling periods unlike the other mixes. Unharvested wheat (Triticum aestivum), CP10 and improved CP10 fields had the greatest number of insect-prey. Overall, most fields had adequate insect-prey availability suggesting that in terms of insect availability for gamebird chicks, these fields provide ex...
Open Heavy Flavor Production in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt(s)= 200$ GeV

PHENIX results for open charm production from semi-lepton decay in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions in a wide rapidity ranges at $\sqrt(s)= 200$ GeV are presented. Keywords: Relativistic Heavy-ion Collision, Open Charm production, Nuclear Medium Effect PACS: 25.75.-q, 25.75 Dw, 13.20.Gd
Microchondrules in three unequilibrated ordinary chondrites

We report on a suite of microchondrules from three unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs). Microchondrules, a subset of chondrules that are ubiquitous components of UOCs, commonly occur in fine-grained chondrule rims, although may also occur within matrix. Microchondrules have a variety of textures: cryptocrystalline, microporphyritic, radial, glassy. In some cases, their textures, and in many cases, their compositions, are similar to their larger host chondrules. Bulk compositions for both chondrule populations frequently overlap. The primary material that composes many of the microchondrules has compositions that are pyroxene-normative and is similar to low-Ca-pyroxene phenocrysts from host chondrules; primary material rarely resembles olivine or plagioclase. Some microchondrules are composed of FeO-rich material that has compositions similar to the bulk submicron fine-grained rim material. These microchondrules, however, are not a common compositional type and probably represent secondary FeO-enrichment. Microchondrules may also be porous, suggestive of degasing to form vesicles. Our work shows that the occurrence of microchondrules in chondrule rims is an important constraint that needs to be considered when evaluating chondrule-forming mechanisms. We propose that microchondrules represent melted portions of the chondrule surfaces and/or the melt products of coagulated dust in the immediate vicinity of the larger chondrules. We suggest that, through recycling events, the outer surfaces of chondrules were heated enough to allow microchondrules to bud off as protuberances and become entrained in the surrounding dusty environment as chondrules were accreting fine-grained rims. Microchondrules are thus byproducts of cyclic processing of chondrules in localized environments. Their occurrence in fine-grained rims represents a snapshot of the chondrule-forming environment. We evaluate mechanisms for microchondrule formation and hypothesize a potential link between the emergence of type II chondrules in the early solar system and the microchondrule-bearing fine-grained rims surrounding type I chondrules.
History of Community Pediatrics.

The community is the setting where the many determinants of childhood health, which include biologic, physical, economic, and social factors, exert much of their impact.1 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has defined Community Pediatrics as a perspective that enlarges the pediatrician's focus from one child to all in the community and includes advocacy, especially for those who face barriers to health care because of social or economic conditions.2 The pediatricians who established Pediatrics as a specialty in the late 19th century believed correctly that if they ignored the community, pediatricians ultimately would fall short in its efforts to improve child health.2 The history of Community Access to Child Health (CATCH) by Hutchins and colleagues3 in this supplement details the dramatic CATCH story and adds a chapter to the history of Community Pediatrics. Today, CATCH is well-established as part of the new AAP Department of Community Pediatrics.2 The CATCH evaluation contains two major findings that have their origin in Community Pediatrics. The first is the pivotal role of early educational experiences in preparing a pediatrician for his/her community-based activities. The second is that established practitioners as volunteers can impact on the important health problems of his or her community. For more than 100 years, medical education … Address correspondence to Vince L. Hutchins, MD, MPH, National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 2000 15th St N, Suite 701, Arlington, VA 22201.
Abstract T P382: Urgent Primary Care Physician Follow up is Associated with Reduced Stroke Readmission after Acute Ischemic Stroke Hospitalization

Introduction: Readmission after acute ischemic stroke is common and costly, with an average rate of 14.8% within 30 days of discharge1. In 2010, as part of a hospital performance improvement strategy, ischemic stroke patients who were discharged to home had an urgent (within 7 days) appointment with Primary Care Physician (PCP) scheduled. We compared 30-day readmission rates for those who kept and did not keep their appointment. Methods: Data from an electronic medical record system was retrospectively evaluated. The cohort included all patients with hospital admission for ICD 9 diagnosis of ischemic stroke (433, 434, 435) during the years 2010 - 2013. Only those with a discharge disposition of home were included. Group 1 included patients discharged to home who kept follow up appointment. Group 2 included those who did not keep their scheduled appointment. Significant predictors of readmission such as age, heart failure, diabetes, LACE score were compared. Fisher’s Exact test was used for categorical variables. Results: A total of 349 ischemic stroke patients were discharged to home during the study period. Of these, 250 had appointments scheduled, and 167 (66.8%) kept these appointments (Group 1). The average age was 69.2 and 68.3 with average LACE of 9.7 and 9.5 for groups 1 and 2 respectively. There was no significant difference in rates of diabetes or heart failure between groups. There were 7 (3.6%) readmissions in group 1 and 19 of 83 (22.9%) in group 2. Five patients were readmitted prior to appointment time in group 2, so were not entered into final calculation; this left readmission rate of 14/83 (16%); p =0.004. Conclusion: Urgent follow up with PCP may prevent hospital readmission in those with mild strokes. Reverse causation, from missing appointment due to hospital readmission did not account for these results. Although NIHSS was not compared, our cohort consisted of those with mild symptoms, given home disposition. Further study is needed to determine which elements of the PCP follow up visit are most effective in reducing hospital readmission. Reference: 1. Lichtman, JH. Leifheit-Limson, EC. Predictors of Hospital Readmission after Stroke: A Systematic Review Stroke. 2010; 41(11): 2525-2533.
The Allocation of Interstage Buffer Capacities in Production Lines

Abstract A flow-shop-type production line where the stations are subject to breakdown is modeled as a series of queues. The objective is to find the allocation of interstage buffer capacities that maximizes total profit. The stations, which are modeled as single-server queueing systems, have completion-time distributions of two-stage Coxian type. After a standard transformation to a phase-type state representation, the new system gives rise to a Markov chain. The balance equations for this chain are solved by successive approximations to find the steady-state probability distribution of the number of items at each station, once the buffer capacities are given. A search procedure has been employed to find the optimal buffer capacities.
Determination of Water Influx in Gas Reservoirs

A study was conducted on the determination of water influx in gas reservoir.A new approach was proposed in this paper,which can calculate the water influx directly from the production index curve of gas reservoirs that is easily obtained by production history without assumption of shape and size of water body.Hence,the tediousness and the uncertainty in conventional calculations are avoided by using this method.The calculation indicates its easier,simpler and more practical in use than that established by van Everdingen and Hurst.
High Quality Newspaper is the Foundation and Guarantee of Cultural Development and Prosperity

The thesis elaborates the direction and tasks of culture establishment and development.The number and force of newspaper in Mainland are investigated to point out that the neccesity of high-quality newpaper and three approaches to improve and develop high-quality newspaper.
Study on Utilization of Health Service and Direct Economic Burden of Diseases Among Residents,Kunming City

Objective To understand the economic burden of disease in Kunming city,so as to provide the basis for the local government to draft the policy of health care reform. Methods Recycling effective questionnaire 11 396 in 3 500 households by using a stratified sampling;Two-step method was used to measure economic burden,Data analysis was done with SPSS software version 15.0. Results Two week outpatient visits rate was 2.44% and the hospitalization rate was7.15%;Two-week treatment per capita cost 564 yuan,inpatients per capita cost 6 406 yuan,social direct economic burden of disease for 155 670 000 yuan. Conclusion The government and the community should jointly participate,seek more reasonable reform policies,improve outpatient clinic visits and hospitalization,and at the same time reduce the economic burden of disease.
Applying modern interpretation techniques to old hydrocarbon fields to find new reserves: A case study in the onshore Gulf of Mexico, USA

AbstractThis study shows how the use of current geological investigative techniques, such as sequence stratigraphy and modern seismic interpretation methods, can potentially discover additional hydrocarbons in old fields that were previously considered depleted. Specifically, we examine the White Castle Field in South Louisiana, which has produced over 84.1 million barrels of oil and 63.1 billion cubic feet of gas but retains additional recoverable hydrocarbons. The field has pay sections ranging from late Oligocene to late Miocene. The upper Oligocene to early Miocene package, which was underexploited and understudied during the previous exploitation phase, contains three primary reservoirs (Cib Haz, MW, and MR). During most of the late Oligocene, the White Castle Salt Dome was located in a minibasin on the continental slope. The Cib Haz and MW reservoirs were deposited in this minibasin and offer great exploitation potential. The Cib Haz interval is an amalgamation of slumped shelfal limestones, sandsto...
Perception and Visual Communication Theory

AbstractThis article takes a convergent evidence approach to visual communication; how the brain functions in perception, how this relates tofeeling and logical reasoning, and how we respond to our visual world, These are the keyprobative areas implicit in every act of seeing.As new medical imagingtechniques make the brain’s inner workings moreaccessible, we take thefirst rudimentarysteps toward developing a unified theory of how the mind works, and therefore toward understanding how we receive, process, and act on visual information, A neurological approach to perception yields insights into those mechanisms that empower the visual image.
Dangling Literate Identities in Imagined Futures: Literacy, Time, and Development in a K–6 Classroom

Using data from a 4-year longitudinal ethnography in a multiage classroom, this study followed one “struggling” reader/writer from his first day of kindergarten into first grade in order to explore...
Engaging consumers and building relationships in social media

An important component of the consuming experience is a consumer's sense of belonging or relatedness. This is true not only in traditional shopping contexts but also in a social media environment. Nonetheless, little empirical research has addressed how the sense of belonging that consumers experience during their brand-related activities in social media-feelings of "social relatedness"-influence the effectiveness of social media marketing programs. The present study explores, across various consumers who have different motivations to engage with brands, the mechanism that enables perceptions of social relatedness to contribute to consumer engagement and relationship building. The results of the study reveal that consumers' perceived social relatedness moderates the effects of consumer motivation on engagement, consuming intention, satisfaction, affective commitment, and trust. The findings highlight the importance of fulfilling consumers' need for social relatedness in the context of social media, especially for those who are motivated to engage in brand activities via extrinsic factors. This study explores consumers' perceptions of social relatedness in social media.Social relatedness contributes to consumer engagement and relationship building.Social relatedness interacts with different types of consumer motivation.Extrinsically motivated consumers are more greatly enhanced by social relatedness.
Patterns of Change in Weekend Drinking Cognitions Among Non-Treatment-Seeking Young Adults During Exposure to a 12-Week Text Message Intervention.

Objective:We sought to identify patterns of response (latent classes) to a text-message (short message service) intervention based on weekend drinking cognitions (e.g., drinking plans, commitment to a low consumption goal), and to examine how the latent classes differed in baseline characteristics and alcohol consumption outcomes.Method:We conducted a secondary analysis of 384 non–treatment seeking young adults with hazardous alcohol use randomly assigned to a 12-week short message service intervention. Responses to weekly short message service queries related to weekend drinking cognitions were categorized as (a) planned not to drink, (b) planned to drink but did not plan a heavy drinking episode (HDE), (c) planned to have an HDE but willing to limit alcohol consumption, (d) planned to have an HDE and not willing to limit alcohol consumption We used repeated-measures latent class analysis to identify distinct classes based on these categories and examined associations of the classes with baseline covaria...
A Lag in Speech Motor Coordination During Sentence Production Is Associated With Stuttering Persistence in Young Children

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if indices of speech motor coordination during the production of sentences varying in sentence length and syntactic complexity were associated wit...
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt prior to abdominal surgery: Outcomes in cirrhotic patients

Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-0559 / Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt prior to abdominal surgery: outcomes in cirrhotic patients." by: "M. Shoreibah1, M. Naseemuddin1, A. Abouarab1, K. Mahmoud1, S. Moawad1, A. M. K. Abdel Aal2; 1Birmingham/US, 2Birmingham, AL/US"
Internet Censorship in the Digital Divide: Why ICT Does Not Effectively Increase Chinese Worker Activism Publicity

The tentative study explores why information and communication technology (ICT) does not show effective power in increasing Chinese worker activism publicity with the digital divide framework. I conducted in-depth interviews with worker activism participants that are motivated to adopt ICT for mobilising and gaining public awareness and support for their collective actions. The study found that in addition to strategic skills and motivations, perceived importance of the media in activism as well as media censorship and users’ coping strategies are influential in preventing them from effectively using ICT for activism. A typology is accordingly developed to position workers’ perception of adopting the Internet and mass media in activism. The two constructs are then incorporated into a revised pyramid model of the digital divide to describe two advanced divides when people already have access, skills and motivations to use ICT for political pursuits in societies with media censorship.
Leveraging intra-class variations to improve large vocabulary gesture recognition

Large vocabulary gesture recognition using a training set of limited size is a challenging problem in computer vision. With few examples per gesture class, researchers often employ exemplar-based methods such as Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). This paper makes two contributions in the area of exemplar-based gesture recognition: 1) it introduces Multiple-Pass DTW (MP-DTW), a method in which scores from multiple DTW passes focusing on different gesture properties are combined, and 2) it introduces a new set of features modeling intra-class variation of several gesture properties that can be used in conjunction with MP-DTW or DTW. We demonstrate that these techniques provide substantial improvement over DTW in both user-dependent and user-independent experiments on American Sign Language (ASL) datasets, even when using noisy data generated by RGB-D skeleton detectors. We further show that using these techniques in a large vocabulary system with a limited training set provides significantly better results compared to Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approaches.
The renal excretion of hydrogen ion in renal tubular acidosis: III. An attempt to detect latent cases in a family; comments on nosology, genetics and etiology of the primary disease

Abstract We have presented herein a study of the family of one patient with primary renal tubular acidosis associated with nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. A genetic factor in the disease in this patient is suggested by the following observations. The patient's father had unilateral nephrocalcinosis, staghorn calculus and hydronephrosis; one brother and three children were found to have mild depression of the serum carbon dioxide level but no other clinical signs or symptoms. Two of these three children were found to show a low or borderline hydrogen ion "clearance" index when loaded with ammonium chloride. The study illustrates the possibility of detecting latent impairment of the ability of the kidney to excrete acid by use of a standardized provocative test assessed by careful criteria. We have reviewed and analyzed 162 cases in the literature of primary renal tubular acidosis, excluding certain syndromes with multifactorial defects (e.g. the Fanconi syndrome, Lowe's syndrome, and some secondary types). The 162 cases appear to fall into at least two disease groups: (1) infantile primary renal tubular acidosis with appearance in the first year of life, a high rate of recovery, and a preponderance of males involved; and (2) late primary renal tubular acidosis appearing after the first year of life and through adult life, showing a low recovery rate and a preponderance of females involved. The disease in the infantile group may be due to a recessive gene or a delay in maturation of renal function due to some other cause; in the late group, the disease may be due to an autosomal dominant gene with fuller expressivity and penetrance in females. Although the underlying biochemical disorder in the disease is not known, some inconclusive data are cited to suggest that it may be in the Krebs citric acid cycle. Some patients in the late group may have acquired the syndrome from pyelonephritis or renal calcific damage of other origins, but the evidence on this question is scanty.
Wearable Computing: Retrospectives on the first decade

When I started at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in 1972, I joined Gordon Bell's research group just as he started to explore multiprocessor systems. Later in 1972, Sam Fuller joined the research group and the Computer Module project was born. Cm* (Computer module replicated one or more times as indicated by the Kline star) was an extensible architecture with shared address space across a local bus, extending to a cluster bus, and to intercluster links realizing the first non-uniform memory access (NUMA) multiprocessor [18]. By the end of the 1970s, industry became very interested in multiprocessor systems and it became difficult for university design teams primarily composed of students to keep pace with professional engineering teams with more resources in designing higher speed and ever more complex logic.
Ceratolithus Acutus Gartner and Bukry, N. Sp. and Ceratolithus Amplificus Bukry and Percival- Nomenclatural Clarification

The calcareous nannofossil Ceratolithus acutus Gartner and Bukry n.sp., is a birefringent certatolith from early Pliocene sediment. It is distinct from Ceratolithus amplificus Bukry and Percival, the holotype of which is from late Miocene sediment. Ceratolithus dentatus Bukry is a junior synonym of C. amplificus.
The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30: An Examination of a Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance Among Men and Women in a Community Sample

The Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) is a self-report measure that assesses metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about thinking). Prior research has supported a correlated five-factor model, but no known published study has examined the tenability of second-order or bifactor models of the MCQ-30. Results supported a bifactor model of the MCQ-30 in a sample of community adults from the United States ( N = 785), as well as separately among men ( n = 372) and women ( n = 413). Multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis supported the configural and metric/scalar invariance of the bifactor model among men and women. Results further supported the incremental validity of one of the MCQ-30 domain-specific factors in accounting for unique variance in an index of health anxiety beyond the general metacognition factor. Results provide support for a bifactor conceptualization of the MCQ-30 and the invariance of that model across men and women.
The feasibility of imaging subglacial hydrology beneath ice streams with ground-based electromagnetics

Subglacial hydrologic systems in Antarctica and Greenland play a fundamental role in ice-sheet dynamics, yet critical aspects of these systems remain poorly understood due to a lack of observations. Ground-based electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods are established for mapping groundwater in many environments, but have never been applied to imaging lakes beneath ice sheets. Here, we study the feasibility of passive- and active-source EM imaging for quantifying the nature of subglacial water systems beneath ice streams, with an emphasis on the interfaces between ice and basal meltwater, as well as deeper groundwater in the underlying sediments. We describe a suite of model studies that exam the data sensitivity as a function of ice thickness, water conductivity and hydrologic system geometry for models representative of a subglacial lake and a grounding zone estuary. We show that EM data are directly sensitive to groundwater and can image its lateral and depth extent. By combining the conductivity obtained from EM data with ice thickness and geological structure from conventional geophysical techniques, such as ground-penetrating radar and active seismic surveying, EM data have the potential to provide new insights on the interaction between ice, rock and water at critical ice-sheet boundaries.
Care of the Voice

Our ability to speak and sing are precious possessions and should be guarded from injury. Yet we usually take our voices for granted until serious vocal problems arise. When minor difficulties develop we have a tendency to simply hope they will go away. This chapter is devoted to a consideration of those factors which are of importance in protecting the voice (3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 17) and a brief consideration of the effects of pulmonary disease upon phonation. The problems of detecting the causes for vocal disabilities and correction of the underlying faults before irreversible injury has developed will be discussed in Chap. 10.
Adham Ismaʿil’s Arabesque: The Making of Radical Arab Painting in Syria

The essay explores how the Syrian artist Adham Ismaʿil (1922­–63) linked his modernist painting strategies to the activism of the Baʿth political movement during Syria’s independence decade through a conceptual reworking of the “arabesque”—the rhythmic pattern of unending line and pure color that Orientalist scholars considered a product of the Arab and Muslim episteme and French modernist painters adopted as a fresh compositional device. It draws on a new archive of correspondence, writings, and sketches, supplemented by political memoirs detailing Ismaʿil’s experience of displacement after the 1939 transfer of his native Alexandretta to Turkey, to uncover his efforts to forge new aesthetic unities as a mechanism for Arab activation and rebirth. Ismaʿil and his comrades accorded a radical charge to the concept of vital Arab energy in particular; once manifested in the sensory experience of line and color, it promised to assemble audiences in new collectivities and to help topple the Syrian status quo. The essay thus analyzes Ismaʿil’s radical Arab painting as evidence of not only the complexity of the intellectual debates in the Middle East but also the generative fragmentation of modernist tenets under the (not quite) postwar, postcolonial world order.
Trends in Sodium Content of Menu Items in Large Chain Restaurants in the U.S.

Introduction Consuming too much sodium is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and restaurant foods are a primary source of sodium. This study assessed recent trends in sodium content of menu items in U.S. chain restaurants. Methods Data from 21,557 menu items in 66 top-earning chain restaurants available from 2012 to 2016 were obtained from the MenuStat project and analyzed in 2017. Generalized linear models were used to examine changes in calorie-adjusted, per-item sodium content of menu items offered in all years (2012–2016) and items offered in 2012 only compared with items newly introduced in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. Results Overall, calorie-adjusted sodium content in newly introduced menu items declined by 104 mg from 2012 to 2016 (p Conclusions Average, adjusted, per-item sodium content was lower in newly introduced items in large chain restaurants. However, sodium content of core and new menu items remain high, and reductions are inconsistent across menu categories and restaurant types.
An efficient MQTT framework for control and protection of networked cyber-physical systems

As more components of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSes) get interconnected, their protection becomes imperative. For instance, Networked CPSes (NCPSes) which consist of multiple CPSes have greater attack surfaces given the added communication layer among member CPSes, and the inter-dependency between their physical and cyber subsystems. In particular, an attack on one subsystem may affect both. While there are many studies for CPS attack mitigations, NCPS attack scenarios were under-explored due to limitations of testbed development capabilities. To address this need, in this paper, an NCPS environment comprising two remote, identical IEEE 9-bus CPS testbeds is created. It is connected over a unique framework that uses Message Queueing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol for secure communication. One CPS, called the “controlling” testbed, provides relay settings for the other CPS which is called the “controlled” testbed. To analyze the attack behaviors, at the communication level, message integrity, delay and packet drop attacks are conducted on this controlled testbed. These attacks trip the testbed's relays, triggering four coordinated, sequential scenarios at both cyber and physical subsystems that ultimately result in cascading failures. The paper's primary contribution lies in demonstrating the feasibility of coordinated cyber-physical attacks on a NCPS, and evaluating the proposed communication framework under such scenarios. The experiment results indicate that NCPS brings advantages in detecting and mitigating known attacks to CPSes.
Community land trusts: releasing possible selves through stable affordable housing

Housing affordability – a long-standing issue for low-income households – is crucial for the flourishing of both households and communities. When housing is unaffordable, households struggle to att...
Does Han Fei have a conception of justice

Han Fei’s political theory is widely characterized as eschewing any connection with morality; so, can he have any conception of justice? In this paper, I accept the interpretation of Han Fei jettis...
NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES TO TYPE A INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN SHOREBIRDS AT DELAWARE BAY, NEW JERSEY, USA.

Influenza A virus (IAV) infections in shorebirds at Delaware Bay, New Jersey, US, have historically included avian hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes H1–13 and H16. In a given year, infections are characterized by a limited number of HA and neuraminidase subtypes and a dominant HA subtype that often represents >50% of all isolates. Predominant HA subtypes shift between consecutive years. In addition, infection prevalence is consistently higher in Ruddy Turnstones (RUTU; Arenaria interpres morinella) compared to Red Knots (REKN; Calidris canutus rufa), despite comparable rates of exposure. To investigate a potential immunological basis for this phenomenon, a virus microneutralization assay was used to detect subtype-specific, neutralizing antibodies to H1–H12 in sera collected from RUTUs from 2012–16 and REKNs in 2012, 2013, and 2016. Neutralizing antibodies to one or more subtypes were detected in 36% (222/611) of RUTUs. Prevalence of antibodies to subtypes H6 and H11 remained high throughout the study, and these virus subtypes were isolated every year, suggesting a continual source of exposure. Antibody prevalence was intermediate for most IAV subtypes that were isolated in 2–3 of 5 yr (H1, H3, H5, H9, H10, and H12) but was low for H7 viruses, despite the isolation of this virus subtype in 3 of 5 yr. This suggests a reduced antigenicity of H7 IAVs compared to other subtypes. Antibody prevalence was low for H4 virus that was isolated once, and H2 and H8 viruses that were never isolated. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 66% (169/257) of REKNs and subtype-specific antibody prevalences were higher in REKNs than RUTUs with few exceptions. The results suggest that population immunity influences which species is infected at Delaware Bay, indicate that IAV dynamics are subtype-dependent, and demonstrate the utility of the microneutralization assay as a supportive tool for field research.
Training in Psychotherapy Integration: Introduction to Current Efforts and Future Visions

This article serves as an introduction to a series on training in psychotherapy integration. There exist very few formal training programs at the graduate level to systematically guide clinicians in the application of integrative and eclectic treatments. The goal of this series is to present current efforts and ideal training models from three major pathways toward psychotherapy integration: theoretical integration, prescriptive eclectic, and common factors.
Monohedral Idemvalent Polyhedra that are Toroids

In this article we describe polyhedra of genus one that satisfy the following two properties: They have all faces congruent (monohedral) and they have the same number of faces at each vertex (idemvalent). In particular, the construction given yields polyhedra with six congruent triangles at each vertex. The construction given is a generalization of one given half a century ago by Alaoglu and Giese, and leads to many interesting toroidal polyhedra. We end by showing how the construction can yield a monohedral idemvalent toroidal polyhedron that is knotted.
A Splitting Formula for Lower Algebraic K -Theory

Let Γ be a three-dimensional crystallographic group with lattice L and point group H. (We do not assume that Γ is a split crystallographic group.) In this chapter, we describe a simple construction of \(E_{\mathcal{V}\mathcal{C}}(\varGamma )\) and derive a splitting formula for the lower algebraic K-theory of any three-dimensional crystallographic group.
Rivaroxaban or aspirin for patent foramen ovale and embolic stroke of undetermined source: a prespecified subgroup analysis from the NAVIGATE ESUS trial

Summary Background Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a contributor to embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Subgroup analyses from previous studies suggest that anticoagulation could reduce recurrent stroke compared with antiplatelet therapy. We hypothesised that anticoagulant treatment with rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, would reduce the risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke compared with aspirin among patients with PFO enrolled in the NAVIGATE ESUS trial. Methods NAVIGATE ESUS was a double-blinded, randomised, phase 3 trial done at 459 centres in 31 countries that assessed the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus aspirin for secondary stroke prevention in patients with ESUS. For this prespecified subgroup analysis, cohorts with and without PFO were defined on the basis of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE). The primary efficacy outcome was time to recurrent ischaemic stroke between treatment groups. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding, according to the criteria of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The primary analyses were based on the intention-to-treat population. Additionally, we did a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of studies in which patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO were randomly assigned to receive anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Findings Between Dec 23, 2014, and Sept 20, 2017, 7213 participants were enrolled and assigned to receive rivaroxaban (n=3609) or aspirin (n=3604). Patients were followed up for a mean of 11 months because of early trial termination. PFO was reported as present in 534 (7·4%) patients on the basis of either TTE or TOE. Patients with PFO assigned to receive aspirin had a recurrent ischaemic stroke rate of 4·8 events per 100 person-years compared with 2·6 events per 100 person-years in those treated with rivaroxaban. Among patients with known PFO, there was insufficient evidence to support a difference in risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke between rivaroxaban and aspirin (hazard ratio [HR] 0·54; 95% CI 0·22–1·36), and the risk was similar for those without known PFO (1·06; 0·84–1·33; pinteraction=0·18). The risks of major bleeding with rivaroxaban versus aspirin were similar in patients with PFO detected (HR 2·05; 95% CI 0·51–8·18) and in those without PFO detected (HR 2·82; 95% CI 1·69–4·70; pinteraction=0·68). The random-effects meta-analysis combined data from NAVIGATE ESUS with data from two previous trials (PICSS and CLOSE) and yielded a summary odds ratio of 0·48 (95% CI 0·24–0·96; p=0·04) for ischaemic stroke in favour of anticoagulation, without evidence of heterogeneity. Interpretation Among patients with ESUS who have PFO, anticoagulation might reduce the risk of recurrent stroke by about half, although substantial imprecision remains. Dedicated trials of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy or PFO closure, or both, are warranted. Funding Bayer and Janssen.
Circadian misalignment has differential effects on affective behavior following exposure to controllable or uncontrollable stress.

Abstract In modern 24 h society, circadian disruption is pervasive, arising from night shift work, air travel across multiple time zones, irregular sleep schedules, and exposure to artificial light at night. Disruption of the circadian system is associated with many adverse health consequences, including mood disorders. Here we investigate whether inducing circadian misalignment using a phase advance protocol interferes with the ability to cope with a stressor, thereby increasing susceptibility to the negative consequences of stress. Male rats were maintained on a standard 12:12 light: dark (LD) cycle or subjected to a chronic phase advance (CPA) protocol involving 4 weekly 6 h phase shifts (earlier light onset) of the LD cycle. Rats were then exposed to escapable stress (ES), inescapable stress (IS), or no stress (home cage control; HC) and performance on juvenile social exploration and active escape learning in the two-way shuttlebox test was assessed 24 h and 48 h following stress, respectively. CPA alone had no effect on pre-stress juvenile social exploration, and it also did not interfere with the protective effect of ES on the stress-induced reduction in juvenile social exploration. In contrast, CPA impaired escape learning in the two-way shuttlebox to the same extent as IS in all subjects, regardless of stress history. Additionally, CPA produced somatic alterations that included increased body mass, increased epididymal adiposity, and decreased adrenal mass. These data indicate that CPA differentially modulated the stress-protective effects of behavioral control depending on the type of affective behavior examined.