cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can the state create Campesinos? A comparative analysis of the Venezuelan and Cuban repeasantization programmes.

I examine Venezuela's repeasantization programme Vuelta al Campo, which was part of a larger effort to pursue a redistributive path to development. Through exploring this case and contrasting it with Cuba's repeasantization programme in the 1990s, I draw conclusions that extend our understanding of what makes such a state-led development programme work. The state in Venezuela played an indispensable role by providing many forms of necessary support for launching such an ambitious project – e.g. financial resources and legal title to the land – but failed to truly increase participation in decision-making. Increased participation by those affected by the Vuelta al Campo programme could have prevented or minimized some of the problems that arose. Moreover, the programme had the unintended consequence of demobilizing participants who had previously been politically engaged. This demobilization undermined the larger national social project – building ‘21st-century socialism’.
Monitoring Oxygen Delivery in the Critically Ill

An accurate assessment of regional tissue oxygen delivery (DO(2)) may help the intensivist to attenuate end-organ damage in critically ill patients. Transport of oxygen from the ambient air to the mitochondria occurs by convection and diffusion, and is tightly regulated by neural and humoral factors. This article reviews the basic principles of DO(2) and the abnormal oxygen supply-demand relationship seen in patients with shock. It also discusses approaches to monitoring DO(2), including clinical symptoms/signs, acid-base status, and gas exchange, which provide global assessment, as well as gastric tonometry, which may reflect regional DO(2). Some new experimental methods, such as near-infrared spectroscopy and positron emission tomography, are still in development but may in the future provide useful clinical devices for quantifying the adequacy of regional tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients.
Immunocytochemical detection of Ehrlichia platys antigens in canine blood platelets.

An avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase complex (ABC) immunocytochemical (ICC) stain procedure was optimized for detection of Ehrlichia platys antigens. Positive immunoreactivity was detected with dilutions of canine immune serum on acetone-fixed smears of platelet-rich plasma from E. platys-infected dogs. No E. platys antigens were detected when this ICC stain was applied to frozen or paraffin-embedded formalin- or acetone-fixed tissue sections from dogs with acute E. platys infection. Acetone fixation and freezing preserved ICC staining of ehrlichial antigens in infected blood platelets, whereas formalin treatment of similarly preserved E. platys -infected platelets nullified positive immunoreactivity. Significant E. platys infection of cells and tissues other than platelets may not occur.
Oxide/III-V Compound Semiconductor Interfaces

Native oxides readily grow on the III-V compounds and can form very thick layers. They also often appear at deposited insulator/III-V interfaces where they can strongly affect the electrical properties. The native oxides can be used to seal or passivate the III-V surface or serve as an insulating layer. This chapter provides insight into the mechamisms of oxide growth and how the oxide/III-V interface is formed. Unfortunately, the growth of oxides on the III-Vs is far more complex than on Si. This is caused by a “competition” between the two or more elements of the III-V substrate, for example, one element may diffuse, evaporate, or dissolve faster than the other. Thus, the chemical composition of bulk oxide layer or its interface may be highly nonuniform.
Development of Gastric Ulcers and Decrease in Reducing Power of Adrenals Following Injection of Bile Salts

Sellards1 reported the development of acute gastric ulcers in guinea pigs following intraperitoneal bile salt injection. His observations have been confirmed and extended by Tashiro and coworkers.2...
Metallations of 5 H‐dibenz [b, f] azepine and 10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenz [b, f] azepine. Synthesis of 4‐substituted derivatives

The synthesis of 4-substituted 5 H-dibenz [b, f] azepines and 10, 11-dihydro-5 H-dibenz [b, f] azepine resulting from the reaction of the corresponding 4, 5-dilithio derivatives and different N, N-dimethylamides is reported. The total assignment of the pmr spectra of the prepared formyl derivatives based on decoupling experiments is also described.
Fluoride content of urinary and biliary tract calculi.

SummaryThirty-three samples of urinary and 9 samples of biliary tract calculi from individuals with known histories of exposure to water-borne fluoride were analyzed for fat, ash, calcium, phosphate and fluoride. (1) Concentration of fluoride in urinary tract calculi was significantly higher than that in the bones. (2) Mean concentration of 0.25% fluoride in urinary tract calculi of individuals from low fluoride area was not significantly different from that (0.37%) of calculi of individuals whose drinking water contained 2.6 ppm fluoride. (3) No relation was apparent between the calcium and fluoride concentrations of urinary tract calculi. (4) Fluoride was present in biliary tract calculi in very low concentration (0.000-0.006%).
Ectomycorrhizal development on pine by Pisolithus tinctorius in bare-root and container seedling nurseries. II: Efficacy of various vegetative and spore inocula

Vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) produced by Sylvan Spawn Laboratories (C:N 50) and by research methods (IMRD), spore-encapsulated seeds, spore pellets, and sprayed spores were compared for efficacy in forming Pt ectomycorrhizae on pines in operational bare-root nurseries in South Carolina, Florida, and Indiana and in microplots and containers in Georgia. Two rates of application (0.33 and 0.16 liter/m2 of soil) of both sources of vegetative inoculum were similar in effect and formed abundant Pt ectomycorrhizae (Pt index > 50) and fruit bodies in all studies. Spore treatments formed consistently fewer Pt ectomycorrhizae than vegetative inoculum. The most effective spore treatment was spore encapsulated seeds. These results indicate that at a bed density of 270 seedlings/m2, 0.6 to 0.7 liter of vegetative inoculum is needed to obtain Pt indices > 50 on 1,000 pine seedlings.
Pappus Implies Desargues

(1976). Pappus Implies Desargues. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 190-192.
Population structure and paternity in an American black bear ( Ursus americanus ) population using microsatellite DNA

We report genetic microsatellite data from analysis of 71 American black bears ( Ursus americanus ) from the East Tavaputs Plateau in eastern Utah. Heterozygosity was 52.9%, which is lower than other mainland North American populations and possibly reflects low recruitment into the study area. We used a combination of known pedigrees (mother/cubs), relatedness estimates, and paternity estimation using CERVUS to infer single and possible multiple paternity within litters, breeding by pairs over consecutive years, and the possibility of a single male successfully breeding with multiple females in a single year. Estimates of inbreeding effective population size indicate the East Tavaputs Plateau population is part of a larger black bear population.
Investigation of apparent diffusion coefficient of solid abdominal organs in preschool healthy children

Objective: To investigate the normal apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values of the abdominal organs of the preschool healthy children on a 1.5T MR. Methods: Sixty healthy preschool children were examined with DWI using b values including 500 s/mm2, 700 s/mm2and 1 000 s/mm2. The ADCs were calculated with ROIs positioned in the parenchyma of the liver, kidney, spleen and pancreas. The ADCs were compared statistically using analysis of variance(ANOVA), P0.05, was considered as significant. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in ADC values among the same parenchyma organs at different b values. There was a statistically significant difference in ADC values among the four solid organs at same b values. Conclusions: The ADCs of parenchyma organs in the abdomen of preschool healthy children were kidneypancreasliverspleen. This study provide valuable refence for the diagnosis of parenchyma organ disease by using DWI.
Getting Down and Dirty: Incorporating Homogeneous Transformations and Robot Kinematics into a Computer Science Robotics Class.

The purpose of this paper is to encourage those instructors who teach Robotics from a Computer Science perspective to include a taste of homogeneous transforms and robot kinematics in their classes. I include some supplemental resources that can help in this endeavor, and some ideas for how to incorporate these topics into mobile robot projects.
Anti- MDR 1 Ribozyme Gene Therapy

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancer seriously limits the efficacy of anticancer agents. Circumvention of MDR is, thus, one of the urgent goals for successful cancer chemotherapy.
Nonredundant Representation of Ancestral Recombinations Graphs

The network structure that captures the common evolutionary history of a diploid population has been termed an ancestral recombinations graph. When the structure is a tree the number of internal nodes is usually [Formula: see text] where K is the number of samples. However, when the structure is not a tree, this number has been observed to be very large. We explore the possible redundancies in this structure. This has implications both in simulations and in reconstructability studies.
Organizational And Economic Mechanisms For Buyer-Supplier Contracts

In this paper, we present an overview of the nature of contracts in a buyer-supplier business environment, and identify factors that affect the contract relationships. Concepts from transaction cost theory and agency theory as well as the resource-based view are applied to develop an outline for mechanisms that can govern buyer-supplier contracts.
Discourses of Childhood

A number of ideas are taken for granted in education: there is a pre-analytic “international” understanding about aims and goals of schooling. The educational discourse is complemented by a parallel, rights-based understanding about childhood, of child labor and of child marriage. Often the Western way of understanding these concepts is clashing with local understanding. Here, we understand discourse not as an abstract phenomenon, but as situated practices that are dynamic, flexible, and changing. There is a dialectics of discourse, since the clash of various discursive practices results in adaptation and transformation. Discourse analysis can help understand and perhaps reformulate the discourse about schools: reinventing schools as protection, instead of being a “pre-packaged solution” to fight child labor or child marriage. A Western view of children as individuals with specific rights would not necessarily be appropriate in many contexts. Hence, we argue that instead of integrating local discourse into an international one, a third space could be generated, in which local discourse engage and interact with international discourse. Such third space could be more useful than trying to convince local communities about the righteousness of the international discourse. In such view childhood would be considered as continuous with adulthood, and the change from education to work not as an abrupt, age-determined shift, but as a gradual transition.
Coming Out and Being Out

This chapter interrogates the coming out experiences of Asian and Pacific Islander LGBT communities. Readers are introduced to Shui Jade Sheung—a typical respondent to the Social Justice Sexuality project. Through Sheung’s experiences readers gain insights into issues of racial and ethnic identity for LGBT people of color, practices of negotiating the “coming out” process, as well as the myriad of experiences of navigating religion and spirituality.
Active Structural Control of Seismic Effects: Limitations and Potential

Publisher Summary This chapter describes an active control method, known as the sliding control method, for seismic response control of civil structures. The main characteristic of the method is its robustness under parametric uncertainties. As a result, it can be applied to linear and nonlinear structures. The chapter describes the basic formulation of the method without going into the details of advanced mathematical subtleties. To examine the applicability of the sliding mode control, and also to investigate the feasibility of active control in practice, an example problem of a typical ten story building, representing a medium size office building with about 400 sq.m. of area per floor, is considered. The numerical results indicate that active control can be used to reduce seismic structural response. However, the magnitude of the control force and especially, the power required for a reasonable reduction in the response seem to be very large for practical application
Development of Cathepsin B Positive Modulators to Treat Multi-Proteinopathic Dementias: Exploiting the Lysosomal Avenue of Protein Clearance to Promote Synaptic Recovery

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by pathological assembly states of Aβ42, tau aggregates, and other age-related protein accumulations. Inefficient clearance contributes to AD, thus our dru...
The Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Regional Homogeneity Metrics-Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance-Regional Homogeneity and Coherence-Regional Homogeneity-Are Valid Indicators of Tumor-Related Neurovascular Uncoupling

The aim of this study is to determine whether regional homogeneity (ReHo) of resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data based on Kendall's coefficient of concordance (KCC-ReHo) and coherence (Cohe-ReHo) metrics may allow detection of brain tumor-induced neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) in the sensorimotor network similar to findings in standard motor task-based BOLD fMRI (tbfMRI) activation. Twelve de novo brain tumor patients undergoing clinical fMRI exams (tbfMRI and rsfMRI) were included in this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study. Each patient displayed decreased/absent tbfMRI activation in the primary ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex in the absence of corresponding motor deficit or suboptimal task performance, consistent with NVU. Z-score maps for motor tasks were obtained from the general linear model (GLM) analysis (reflecting motor activation vs. rest). KCC-ReHo and Cohe-ReHo maps were calculated from rsfMRI data. Precentral and postcentral gyri in contralesional (CL) and ipsilesional (IL) hemispheres were parcellated using an automated anatomical labeling (AAL) template for each patient. Similar region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed on tbfMRI, KCC-ReHo, and Cohe-ReHo maps to allow direct comparison of results. Voxel values in CL and IL ROIs of each map were divided by the corresponding global mean of KCC-ReHo and Cohe-ReHo in bihemispheric cortical brain tissue. Group analysis revealed significantly decreased IL mean KCC-ReHo (p = 0.02) and Cohe-ReHo (p = 0.04) metrics compared with respective values in the CL ROIs, consistent with similar findings of significantly decreased ipsilesional BOLD signal for tbfMRI (p = 0.0005). Ipsilesional abnormalities in ReHo derived from rsfMRI may serve as potential indicators of NVU in patients with brain tumors and other resectable brain lesions; as such, ReHo findings may complement findings on tbfMRI used for presurgical planning.
Multipath exploitation for enhanced defect imaging using Lamb waves

Abstract This paper presents a multipath exploitation approach for defect imaging in thin-walled structures using Lamb waves under the sparse reconstruction framework. An image of the defects in the region of interest is obtained by inverting a multipath propagation model via group sparse reconstruction. This permits accurate imaging of regions close to the structure boundary without the introduction of ‘false’ defects or ghosts. Real-data measurements of defects close to the edge of an aluminum plate are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the multipath exploitation scheme.
Ownership, Access, and Authority: Publishing and Circulating Histories to (Re)Member Community

In gathering and circulating histories, the Filipino American National Historical Society (FANHS) enacts both community publishing and self-publishing models, as they have been defined in literacy studies. As a community institution situated within a larger constellation of counterpublics and dominant publics that have often overlooked, erased, and/ or misrepresented their histories, forms of ownership, access, and authority are central to the purpose of FANHS. In this article, I share how two modes of community/self publishing 1 , historical tours and archival practices, serve to (re)member community and prompt further community-sponsored self-publishing projects.
Vascular Access: Arterial, Venous, and Ultrasound Guidance

In this section, we will outline clinical pointers, tips, and “how we do it” in regards to obtaining access in the femoral, radial, brachial, and popliteal arteries and vascular grafts.
Lack of implementation of eating disorder education and prevention programs in high schools: Data from incoming college freshmen

The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of eating disorder education and prevention programs in high schools retrospectively, as reported by incoming college freshmen, exploring whether characteristics of the school influenced implementation. The sample, 169 first-year students from a public university, participated in an online survey inquiring about exposure to programs and high school characteristics. Results demonstrated few students exposed to any eating disorder programming (29.0%), with no students reporting exposure to prevention programming. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the implementation based on school characteristics, suggesting that this is a universal issue across high schools.
Non-Invasive Detection of Respiration and Heart Rate with a Vehicle Seat Sensor

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a seat sensor designed for occupant classification from a production passenger vehicle to measure an occupant’s respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) in a laboratory setting. Relaying occupant vital signs after a crash could improve emergency response by adding a direct measure of the occupant state to an Advanced Automatic Collision Notification (AACN) system. Data was collected from eleven participants with body weights ranging from 42 to 91 kg using a Ford Mustang passenger seat and seat sensor. Using a ballistocardiography (BCG) approach, the data was processed by time domain filtering and frequency domain analysis using the fast Fourier transform to yield RR and HR in a 1-min sliding window. Resting rates over the 30-min data collection and continuous RR and HR signals were compared to laboratory physiological instruments using the Bland-Altman approach. Differences between the seat sensor and reference sensor were within 5 breaths per minute for resting RR and within 15 beats per minute for resting HR. The time series comparisons for RR and HR were promising with the frequency analysis technique outperforming the peak detection technique. However, future work is necessary for more accurate and reliable real-time monitoring of RR and HR outside the laboratory setting.
Asymptotics and Coding Theory: One of the n → ∞ Dimensions of Terry

Terry joined the Berkeley Statistics faculty in the summer of 1987 after being the statistics head of CSIRO in Australia. His office was just down the hallway from mine on the third floor of Evans. I was beginning my third year at Berkeley then and I remember talking to him in the hallway after a talk that he gave on information theory and the Minimum Description Length (MDL) Principle of Rissanen. I was fascinated by the talk even though I did not understand everything. Terry pointed me to many papers, and before long Terry started to co-advise me (with Lucien Le Cam) as his first PhD student at Berkeley. It was truly a great privilege to work with Terry, especially as his first student at Berkeley since I had the luxury of having his attention almost every day – he would knock on my door to chat about research and to take me to the library to find references. Every Saturday I was invited to have lunch with him and his wife Sally at his rented house in the Normandy Village on Spruce Street, a cluster of rural European styled houses near campus (the most exotic part to me about the lunch was the avocado spread on a sandwich). Through my interactions with Terry, I was molded in n → ∞ dimensions. In particular, I was mesmerised by the interplay shown to me by Terry of data, statistical models, and interpretations – it was art with rigor! I am able to pursue and enjoy this interplay in my current research, even though I ended up writing a theoretical PhD thesis.
Panfacial Fractures: An Approach to Management

Panfacial fractures are defined as fractures involving the lower, middle, and upper face. Treatment can be challenging and requires an individualized treatment plan. A firm understanding of the treatment principles of each individual fracture is necessary before attempting to tackle the patient with panfacial fractures. Advances in rigid fixation, wide exposure, primary bone grafting, and attention to soft tissue reattachment have significantly improved the treatment of the patient with panfacial fractures.
A phase I/II study of bexarotene with carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Rexinoids demonstrate anti-proliferative differentiation-inducing activity in multiple cancer types, including NSCLC. Prior studies have shown promising results when combining rexinoids with chemotherapy. This phase I/II study evaluates the tolerability and activity of a rexinoid, bexarotene, combined with weekly paclitaxel and monthly carboplatin. Methods: Patients with confirmed advanced stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and adequate organ function were enrolled. They were scheduled to receive carboplatin (AUC =6) and 3 doses of weekly paclitaxel (100 mg/m 2 ) every 4 weeks. Oral bexarotene was administered daily at two doses: 300 and 400 mg/m 2 /day. Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled. Fourteen received 300 mg/m 2 /day and 19 received 400 mg/m 2 /day of bexarotene. Hematologic toxicity included grade 3 neutropenia in 7 patients. Hyperlipidemia was a major non-hematologic toxicity which was medically managed. The recommended phase II dose of bexarotene was 400 mg/m 2 /day. Response rate was 35%. Median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 8.3 months with 1-year survival of 43%. Median OS for the 300 mg/m 2 dose of bexarotene was 6.6 versus 9.8 months for the 400 mg/m 2 dose (HR, 0.73; Log rank P=0.37). Patients who experienced hypertriglyceridemia had a median OS of 9.8 months compared to 4.9 months for those who did not (HR, 0.69; Log rank P=0.33). Conclusions: The 43% 1-year survival for patients receiving bexarotene with weekly paclitaxel and monthly carboplatin is encouraging. With the availability of new classes of agents for lung cancer, further evaluation of this regimen in unselected patients is not warranted. Our study confirms prior subgroup analyses showing a significant correlation between bexarotene-induced hypertriglyceridemia and survival. Further research is needed to identify molecular biomarkers to identify this subset of patients and to explore rexinoids in other combinations, especially with immunotherapy.
The Electrostatic Debye Layer Of The Plasma-Liquid Interface

New uses for low-temperature plasma, such as plasma medicine and various chemical synthesis techniques, require a fundamental understanding of the plasma-liquid interface for further development. In this work, we have derived and tested an analytic model for the electrostatic Debye layer formed at a plasma-liquid interface. The theoretical model combines the Gouy-Chapman theory of aqueous electrolytes with a simple parabolic band model for the plasma sheath, and it gives closed form expressions for the electric field and charge distribution at the interface. It also predicts the plasma current density as a function of the solution ionic strength, which we experimentally confirmed using a liquid anode plasma. Fitting the model to the experimental data yields a plasma electron density of $\sim 10 ^{19} \mathrm {m}^{-3}$ and an electric field of $\sim 10 ^{4}\mathrm {V} /\mathrm {m}$ on the liquid side of the interface. Since the Debye layer is such a universal phenomena, we believe that our model can be extended to other plasma-liquid systems such as DBD and RF jets.
Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in SPRINT participants with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: We sought to determine whether intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering was harmful in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate
Where is the Child at Home? Determining Habitual Residence after Monasky

In Monasky v. Taglieri the Supreme Court held that the determination of a child’s habitual residence under the Hague Child Abduction Convention should be based on the totality of the circumstances, taking parental intentions into account without according special weight to this (or any other factor), and subject to deferential appellate review. Resolving a longstanding split between the federal circuits, the ruling aligned the United States with the approach taken in most other jurisdictions. Monasky will prompt changes in the lower courts’ handling of these cases, particularly in those circuits that placed strong emphasis on parental intentions.
COVID-19 effects on shared-biking in New York, Boston, and Chicago

Coronavirus has had a large-scale impact on transportation This study attempts to assess the effects of COVID-19 on biking Bikeshare data was used to understand the impacts of COVID-19 during the initial wave of the disease on biking in New York City, Boston, and Chicago As the cases increased, these cities experienced a reduction in bikeshare trips, and the reductions were different in the three cities Correlations were developed between COVID-19 cases and various bikeshare related variables The study period was split into three phases—no COVID-19 phase, cases increasing phase, and cases decreasing phase—to examine how the residents of the three cities reacted during the different phases of the coronavirus spread While bike trips decreased, the average duration of the trips increased during the pandemic NYC's average trip duration was consistently less than that of Boston and Chicago, which could be due to its sprawl (NYC is considered as more compact and connected compared to the other two cities) © 2020 The Author(s)
Electrical Insulation Design and Accurate Estimation of Temperature via an Electrothermal Model for a 10 kV SiC Power Module Packaging

Wide-bandgap (WBG) power devices can tolerate higher currents and voltages than their silicon (Si)-based counterparts. However, the realization of their superior characteristics is tied to the reliability of their packaging, where thermal management and reliable electrical insulation design are the most challenging tasks to this end. Not taking care of the former one leads to thermal runaway, and the latter one causes the electric breakdown of the whole module. In this paper, the packaging design of a 10-kV SiC diode is studied by addressing both challenges above. Electrical insulation design is carried out through a finite element method (FEM) electric field calculation model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics, meeting both the one-minute insulation and PD tests based on IEC 61287–1. Through developing an electrothermal model and for considered dimensions, an accurate estimation of the junction temperature is obtained to determine the maximum load current of the module.
Comparative structural behavior of bridge deck panels with polymer concrete and UHPC transverse field joints

Abstract Precast bridge deck panels are widely used to accelerate bridge deck erection and provide cost savings, better durability, and solving many constructability challenges. Full-depth deck joints with diamond shear key type and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) are the most recent commonly used field joints in bridge decks. UHPC has superior mechanical properties and leads to simplified details and joints. However, UHPC might have some constructability and finishing as well as cost and bidding challenges. Thus, exploring the viability of alternative materials for field joints could be beneficial. Poly Methyl Methacrylate Polymer concrete (PMMA-PC) is another popular construction material with superior mechanical properties that have been used for overlays and can provide a potential alternative to UHPC for deck joints. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the structural performance of using PMMA-PC and UHPC for full-depth precast deck panel transverse field joints. An experimental program was conducted to test three full-scale specimens under vertical loading at the University of Nevada, Reno. Two specimens were identical except for the material used in the joint, i.e. UHPC versus PMMA-PC, while the third specimen used a new proposed joint detail with PMMA-PC. The structural response was evaluated for connection performance under the AASHTO service and ultimate loads, peak strength, damage progression and mode of failure, and local steel reinforcement strains. The results demonstrated that PMMA-PC, and the proposed joint detail, can be successfully used for bridge deck field joints with comparable performance to UHPC field joints.
Supra-systemic pulmonary hypertension after complicated percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty: a case report and review of literature

Background The World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension in 2018, updated the definition of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as mean pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) > 20 mmHg. Pulmonary venous hypertension secondary to left-heart disease, constitutes the most common cause of PH, and the determination of a co-existent pre-capillary (primary) PH becomes paramount, particularly at the moment of evaluating and managing patients with heart failure. Pulmonary artery pressures above the systemic pressures define supra-systemic PH and generally leads to frank right ventricular failure and high mortality.
Moving Common Lines, Thin Films, and Dynamic Contact Angles

When a common line or three-phase line of contact moves over a rigid solid, an unbounded force must be generated at the common line, if the usual no-slip boundary condition of fluid mechanics is valid.
Involve me and i will understand!: abstract data visualization in immersive environments

Literature concerning the visualization of abstract data in immersive environments is sparse. This publication is intended to (1) stimulate the application of abstract data visualization in such environments and to (2) introduce novel concepts involving the user as an active part of the interactive exploratory visualization process. To motivate discussion, requirements for the visualization of abstract data are reviewed and then related to the properties of immersive environments in order to show its potential for data visualization. This leads to the introduction of a novel concept for immersive visualization based on the involvement of the viewers into the data display. The usefulness of the concept is shown by two examples demonstrating that immersive environments are far more than tools to create visually appealing data representations.
Interpretation of engine cycle-to-cycle variation by chaotic time series analysis

In this paper the authors summarize preliminary results from applying a new mathematical technique- chaotic time series analysis (CTSA)- to cylinder pressure data from a spark-ignition (SI) four-stroke engine fueled with both methanol and iso-octane. Our objective is to look for the presence of deterministic chaos dynamics in peak pressure variations and to investigate the potential usefulness of CTSA as a diagnostic tool. The authors' results suggest that sequential peak cylinder pressures exhibit some characteristic features of deterministic chaos and that CTSA can extract previously unrecognized information from such data.
Improved convergence for linear systems using three-part splittings

Abstract : A survey is presented of the author's theory of 3-part splittings and to its advantages over the 'classical' 2-part splittings (e.g. Gauss-Seidel, SOR). In particular - analysis is made for the case when the 2-part iteration matrix B has real spectrum, and pure complex spectrum. M. Neumann's work on 3-part splittings for rectangular matrices is part of the section of open problems.
Complex Litigation: Antitrust Class Standing

Commentary and analysis of pleading standing in consumer antitrust class action litigation, after the Supreme Court’s heightened pleading standards in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 127 S.Ct. 1955 (2007). This analysis focuses on the Second Circuit’s decision in Ross v. Bank of America, 524 F.3d 217 (2d Cir. 2008), where the Second Circuit held that there is no heightened standard for pleading injury in fact sufficient to satisfy standing under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, simply because the alleged injury is caused by an antitrust violation. The action was brought by a class of credit card holders issued by Bank of America, American Express, and Wells Fargo & Co. The plaintiffs claimed that the banking and financial institutions illegally colluded, in violation of the federal antitrust laws, to impose mandatory arbitration clauses in their cardholder agreements. The defendants filed Rule 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) motions to dismiss arguing that the cardholders lacked Article II and antitrust standing to assert their claims. The Second Circuit held that the plaintiffs had pleaded injuries that were actual and imminent under Lujan standards, and eschewed the argument that there are special, heightened standards for establishing standing in antitrust cases.
Robust Nonlinear Control System Synthesis Method for Electro-Mechanical Pointing Systems with Flexible Modes

This paper describes the design of a robust control system for a gun turret testbed called the ATB1000. The control system incorporates a control scheme based on sinusoidal-input describing function (SIDF) models of the testbed's drive subsystem to reduce the effects of backlash and nonlinear friction, and a dissipative control scheme to make the control system insensitive to the unmodeled dynamics and parameter imprecision associated with the flexible modes of the wheel/barrel subsystem.
Superinfection in Bacteriophage S13 and Determination of the Number of Bacteriophage Particles Which Can Function in an Infected Cell

Bacteriophage S13 shows exclusion of superinfecting homologous phage, but the exclusion is only partial. The superinfecting phage can form infectious replicative form deoxyribonucleic acid (RF), can direct protein synthesis, and can form progeny particles even at a superinfection time as late as 60 min after the first infection. Exclusion is also only partial for the closely related phage phiX174. Seven min after the first infection, the exclusion mechanism begins to operate, requiring continuous phage-specified protein synthesis. The gene A protein (required for synthesis of progeny RF) appears to be involved in the exclusion mechanism. In superinfection experiments, it was found that at least 40 phage particles per cell can replicate and can carry out protein synthesis, though the number of sites for binding of RF to the membrane is only about 15 per cell. The results suggest that attachment of RF to a binding site is not required for protein synthesis. Evidence is presented that non-attached parental RF can serve as a template for single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
Social Sutra: Yoga, identity, and health in New York’s changing neighborhoods

Taking note of the rapid, visible expansion of yoga studios in American cities, this article explores the role of yoga as a social determinant of urban health and yoga’s entanglements with race and class identities. Who are the interpreters of yoga in America, and how has yoga, based on a premise of psychosomatic wholeness, paradoxically served as a prism for refracting social difference? Answers to these questions hold significant implications for the culture of health observed in cities today and possibilities for wellness. Through narrative inquiry, my argument centers on three identities that embody the role of yoga in health: the yoga teacher as healer, the yoga student as seeker of spiritually informed mind-body wellness, and the modern yoga practitioner as consumer of a physically focused, commercialized yoga. A recombination of the identities involved in yoga – healer, seeker, and consumer – can recover the possibilities for yoga to contribute to improved urban health across race and class.
Using Assessment Criteria To Determine Library Quality.

Abstract The assessment and accountability movements brought focus on campus to the measurement of educational outcomes and quality—quality that is, in turn, defined by what and how much students learn. A research library was determined to explore assessment of educational outcomes as an alternative measure of library quality.
A simplified technique for analysis by alkali isomerization

Potassium tertiary butoxide (1.1 M, 15.5%) in t-butanol readily isomerized linoleic and linolenic acids at 60°C. The absorptivity value for linoleic acid during isomerization rose rapidly, then slowly reached a maximum (88.5) after three days. Maximum absorptivity values for linolenic acid at both 233 mμ (68.5) and at 268 mμ (65.0) were attained at 12 hrs.; thereafter absorptivity at both wavelengths decreased with time. Glycerol also reacted with potassium-t-butoxide under the experimental conditions to produce an absorption maximum at 267 mμ; however this absorbance was easily destroyed by treatment with hydrochloric acid. A simple procedure has been described for isomerization with the alkoxide in a reagent bottle at 60° for 20 hrs. Analyses for linoleic and linolenic acids in five seed oils isomerized by the “bottle method” agreed well with results obtained by the A.O.C.S. KOH-glycol method.
TC-99m HMPAO Brain Blood Flow Imaging in the Dementias with Histopathologic Correlation in 73 Patients

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in the diagnosis of the dementias. Tc-99m HMPAO was used with a 3-camera scanner to produce 5 sets of sectional images of the brain. Images were further processed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Diagnosis was made by a physician blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Results in 73 subjects were compared with a neuropathologic study of the brain at autopsy. Data were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy. These results are compared with several other studies performed with Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT with histopathologic correlation. This procedure is widely available and relatively inexpensive and may be of value in patients with dementias and problematic diagnoses. Further, a degree of differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's and Frontotemporal diseases may be effected. The study was approved by our Institutional Review Board.
Calcium localized in juxtanuclear granules of epiphyseal chondrocytes with a dilute glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) solution

The glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) (GBHA) method for staining labile calcium deposits in chondrocytes was modified. Fresh blocks of epiphyseal cartilage stained in this dilute GBHA solution revealed calcium in the juxtanuclear Golgi vesicles, each approximately 1μ in diameter. Prolonged staining revealed previously described 0.5μ granules throughout the cytoplasm which tended to mask the juxtanuclear reaction. The red GBHA reaction product was believed to be a chelate of calcium since it was removable with EGTA, and stable in Na2CO3 and KCN solution. When the tissue blocks stained with the dilute GBHA solution were restained with the original concentrated GBHA solution, refractile bodies containing red GBHA-positive granules were revealed at the periphery of the hypertrophied chondrocytes. The presence of calcium in the juxtanuclear Golgi vesicles and in the pericellular refractile bodies may indicate that the Golgi is involved in the transport of minerals to the matrix.
Reprint of “CFD simulations of circulating fluidized bed risers, part I: Grid study” ☆

Abstract In this work, a detailed grid refinement study was carried out for two well-documented circulating fluidized bed (CFB) systems with the focus on grid convergence of 2D numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that the grid convergence of numerical simulations depends on the flow field variable chosen for verification. For axial pressure gradient, this study shows that no general rule for grid size is available to guarantee the grid-independent results. In addition, the inlet and outlet configuration used in the 2D simulations shows a significant impact on the grid convergence. A 3D grid study is also presented with the intent to probe the differences between 2D and 3D numerical simulations with respect to the grid convergence. For the case considered in this study, the 3D simulation demonstrates better grid convergent behavior than the 2D simulation with comparable grid sizes.
Temporal mode structure of a regenerative amplifier with intracavity étalons

The effects of intracavity etalons on the temporal-mode structure of a regenerative amplifier re studied both theoretically and experimentally. The analysis predicts the temporal profile of the regenerative amplifier output pulse given the temporal profile of the input pulse, the laser-cavity parameters, the etalon parameters, and the number of round trips that the injected pulse makes in the laser cavity. Several experiments were performed. The output pulse width of a regenerative amplifier with a single etalon was measured as we varied the thickness of the etalon and the number of round trips that the injected pulse makes in the laser cavity. With two etalons an injected 70-ps pulse width was stretched to 7 ns with no temporal modulation. The thermal sensitivity of an intracavity etalon was analyzed and measured. All experimental results agree well with theory.
Acidity determination of several catalysts by various procedures

Abstract This paper deals with the acidity determination of a series of supports AlPO 4 , SiO 2 / AlPO 4 (80:20 w/w) and AlPO 4 /Al 2 O 3 (75:25 w/w), and several Pt-supported catalysts having 0.5 wt% Pt. A colorimetric method involving the use of a benzene solution of n-butylamine as titrating agent, at 298 K, and a volumetric method, based upon the determination of the amount of ammonia adsorbed at 823 K, have been applied to the supports. The acidity order found from ammonia adsorption coincides with that found from the catalytic activity corresponding to the cracking reaction of p -cymene (4-isopropyl-toluene) at 823 K. Pt-supported catalysts have been titrated with cyclohexylamine and pyridine by both a spectrophotometric (298 K) and a pulse method (393 K), finding good agreement between the results obtained by both procedures with pyridine as titrating agent. In view of the results found for hydrogenation of monoalkylaromatic hydrocarbons in the gaseous phase, a contribution by the free acidic sites of the support, favouring adsorption of the substrates on the surface, cannot be ruled out.
Feedback control of a macroeconomic system using an observer

Use of some aspects of modern control theory for stabilization and control of an unstable fourth-order macroeconomic model is explored. Satisfactory control algorithms for both instantaneous state feedback and for the more realistic case of output feedback with measurement delays are derived. Application is made of observer theory together with pole placement results for state and observer feedback. A detailed numerical example illustrates the discussion.
American College of Cardiology Meeting Highlights

Dr Patrick Serruys from the Thoraxcenter in Rotterdam presented the preliminary results of the BENESTENT II pilot study, a trial designed to evaluate the safety of reducing or eliminating anticoagulant therapy in patients treated with heparin-coated balloon-expandable coronary stents. The trial was designed in four sequential phases: in phase I, heparin was reinstituted 6 hours after sheath removal, followed by coumadin; in phase II, heparin therapy resumed 12 hours after sheath removal, also followed by coumadin; in phase III, heparin therapy resumed 18 hours after sheath removal, again followed by coumadin; and in phase IV, heparin and coumadin were not used after sheath removal—rather, patients were treated with ticlopidine. Patients in all four groups received aspirin (250 mg/d), dipyridamole (75 mg TID), and diltiazem (120 mg BID). Dextran was administered perioperatively, procedural heparin was administered according to activated coagulation times, and heparin-coated Palmaz-Schatz balloon-expandable stents were used. Vein graft lesions were excluded from the study. A total of 207 patients were enrolled at 32 clinical centers; 202 patients underwent stent placement. Enrollment commenced in February 1994 and ended in November 1994. There were no instances of stent thrombosis in any of the groups. The incidence of vascular surgery (5.9%, 4.1%, 2.0%, and 0% in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively) and blood transfusion (2.0%, 0%, 2.0% and 0% in groups I, II, III, and IV) declined with less intense anticoagulation. In-hospital lengths of stay were reduced dramatically from 7.4 days in group 1 to 3.0 days in group IV. Dr Serruys concluded that progressively delaying heparin resumption and coumadin therapy after sheath removal (to the point of replacing it entirely with antiplatelet agents) has virtually eliminated major bleeding complications and dramatically reduced the length of in-hospital stays. Despite less intense anticoagulation, there was no stent thrombosis in these patients …
Policy Instruments in Injury Crashes: Traffic Law Enforcement and Alcohol Prohibition

Alcohol prohibition and law enforcement deployment are important policies designed to increase traffic safety and reduce injury crashes. This study uses data on county-level law enforcement and injury crashes to analyze the effect of traffic law enforcement and alcohol prohibition. The analysis controls for other factors that affect injury crashes such as age groups, road factors, and behavioral factors including driving under the influence convictions and suspended licenses. Analysis is presented through a negative binomial regression methodology. Results indicate that both increasing law enforcement personnel and alcohol prohibition reduce the number of injury crashes within a county. Moreover, if policymakers' goals are to reduce the count of injury crashes to zero, law enforcement and alcohol prohibition are important combined factors in this goal.
Physical and genetical characterisation of a second sex factor, SCP2, for Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA of uniform monomer size (c. 18×106 daltons) and restriction endonuclease cleavage pattern was isolated from strains of S. coelicolor A3(2) of differing constitution in respect of the SCP1 sex factor: SCP1+, SCP1′, SCP1- and NF (integrated SCP1). No such ccc DNA was found in strains of S. lividans 66 or S. parvulus ATCC 12434 whether or not they contained SCP1. These results confirmed that the 18×106 dalton plasmid is not, and does not include, SCP1, which has not so far been isolated by any of a variety of methods.