cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-14-06: The Utility of Margin Index to Predict Residual DCIS Following Breast Conserving Surgery

Background: Although breast conserving surgery (BCS) is commonly performed for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), patients may require re-excision for close or positive margins to rule out residual disease. The concept of margin index (defined as margin distance/tumor size) has been found to predict residual disease in patients with invasive breast cancer, but this concept has yet to be evaluated for patients with DCIS. We sought to determine if DCIS margin index (defined as the closest margin of DCIS/extent of DCIS) was predictive of residual disease. Methods: We performed a chart review of all in situ breast cancers treated with BCS at an academic breast center in 2009. DCIS margin index was calculated as closest margin distance of DCIS (mm)/extent of DCIS (mm). Non-parametric statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between margin index and residual DCIS. Results: 177 patients with DCIS were treated with BCS in 2009. Of these, 87 (49.1%) underwent resection of additional tissue for close margins or as routine practice, and had recorded quantitative margin distances and tumor sizes such that margin index could be calculated. Of these, 18 (20.7%) had residual DCIS in the additional tissue excised. Median patient age was 60.4 years (range; 31.9–91.4). Of the 50 patients with available immunohistochemistry analysis, 42 (84%) were ER-positive and 36 (72%) were PR-positive respectively. 12 (13.8%) had low grade DCIS, 53 (60.9%) intermediate grade DCIS, and 22 (25.3%) high grade DCIS. Median tumor size was 16mm (range; 1–80 mm); and median margin distance was 2 mm (range; 0–18 mm). Median margin index was 0.125 (range; 0 to 18). Factors correlating with residual DCIS on univariate analysis were high tumor grade (33.3% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.044), PR-negativity (66.7% vs. 22.7%, p = 0.044), increasing tumor size (median 27.5 mm vs. 15.0 mm, p = 0.003), decreasing margin distance (median 1.0 mm vs. 2.1 mm, p = 0.004), and lower margin index (median 0.032 vs. 0.200, p Conclusions: Margin index is a stronger predictor of residual DCIS than either margin distance or extent of DCIS, but loses significance when taking PR status into account. That PR-negativity is strongly associated with residual DCIS (independent of tumor size, grade and margin status) is intriguing and warrants further research. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-06.
Pressure-dependent surface viscosity and its surprising consequences in interfacial lubrication flows

Qualitatively new phenomena occur in the flow of surfactant-laden interfaces, where surfactant surface viscosity depends on concentration. These include ``choking'' of flow through a narrow channel, an upper bound on squeezing flow velocity, and kinematically irreversible particle dynamics near walls.
Causal Inference and Causal Explanation

Wesley Salmon’s account of causal inference and causal explanation is, very briefly, as follows: causality is a feature of processes, a feature they have in virtue of being spatio-temporally connected and of bearing a mark or marks (that is, a property the process acquires in virtue of an interaction with another process) from one space-time region to another, later one, without benefit of subsequent interaction. (“Interaction” is not supposed to be a causal primitive: two processes interact if they occupy a common space-time region — that is, if they intersect — and satisfy a statistical condition.1) The explanation of particular occurrences is always causal explanation, but Salmon allows that the concern of science is seldom to explain particular occurrences, and more often is to explain regularities. I am unsure what form Salmon supposes causal explanations, whether of particular occurrences or of patterns, to have, and I am likewise unsure how the emphasis in his more recent essays on causal explanation and the irreducibility of causal relations to statistical relations combines with his earlier emphasis on statistical explanation as a kind of sui generis form. I will simply construe his views on these matters in what I take to be both the most clear-cut and the most generous way: there is no such thing as statistical explanation per se, merely statistical evidence for (and, perhaps, statistical aspects of) causal explanations. The causal explanation of a particular event consists in the description of any interesting fragment of the causal history leading up to the event.
Can Kohn–Sham density functional theory predict accurate charge distributions for both single-reference and multi-reference molecules?

Dipole moments are the first moment of electron density and are fundamental quantities that are often available from experiments. An exchange–correlation functional that leads to an accurate representation of the charge distribution of a molecule should accurately predict the dipole moments of the molecule. It is well known that Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT) is more accurate for the energetics of single-reference systems than for the energetics of multi-reference ones, but there has been less study of charge distributions. In this work, we benchmark 48 density functionals chosen with various combinations of ingredients, against accurate experimental data for dipole moments of 78 molecules, in particular 55 single-reference molecules and 23 multi-reference ones. We chose both organic and inorganic molecules, and within the category of inorganic molecules there are both main-group and transition-metal-containing molecules, with some of them being multi-reference. As one would expect, the multi-reference molecules are not as well described by single-reference DFT, and the functionals tested in this work do show larger mean unsigned errors (MUEs) for the 23 multi-reference molecules than the single-reference ones. Five of the 78 molecules have relatively large experimental error bars and were therefore not included in calculating the overall MUEs. For the 73 molecules not excluded, we find that three of the hybrid functionals, B97-1, PBE0, and TPSSh (each with less than or equal to 25% Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange), the range-separated hybrid functional, HSE06 (with HF exchange decreasing from 25% to 0 as interelectronic distance increases), and the hybrid functional, PW6B95 (with 28% HF exchange) are the best performing functionals with each yielding an MUE of 0.18 D. Perhaps the most significant finding of this study is that there exists great similarity among the success rate of various functionals in predicting dipole moments. In particular, of 39 functionals designed as general-purpose functionals and that do not have a global value of 100% HF exchange, the average MUE is 0.23 D, with a standard deviation of only 0.04 D. Among gradient approximations, which are especially interesting because of their speed and portability, the best overall performance is by PBE, HCTH/407, OLYP, OreLYP, and GAM, each with MUE of 0.22 D.
Abstract #LB-183: Mitochondrial translocation of STAT5 in leukemic T cells and cytokine-stimulated cells

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) were first identified as key signaling molecules in response to cytokines. Tyrosine-phosphorylated active STATs translocate to the nucleus and regulate genes important in controlling cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. We and others have shown that STAT proteins, mostly STAT3 and STAT5a/b, are constitutively active in a wide variety of tumor cells. These findings point to the critical role of STAT activation in oncogenesis. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we analyzed STAT-associated proteins in a leukemic T cell line LSTRA that exhibits constitutive STAT5 activation. A cellular protein was found to specifically interact with STAT5 in LSTRA cells by coimmunoprecipitation. Sequencing analyses revealed the identity of this STAT5-associated protein as the E2 component of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2). Subcellular fractionation experiments were conducted to isolate mitochondria-enriched heavy membrane fractions. We found that, indeed, tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT5a/b are present in mitochondria of LSTRA cells. To explore the possibility of cytokine-induced STAT5 translocation into mitochondria, we examined IL-2-dependent CTLL-20 and IL-3-dependent BaF3 cells before and after cytokine stimulation. Subcellular fractionation studies showed the presence of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT5 in mitochondria only after cytokine stimulation. Interestingly, IFN-\#947;-induced STAT1 activation and IL-2-induced STAT3 activation did not result in their translocation into mitochondria. A time course experiment further demonstrated the transient kinetics of STAT5 mitochondrial translocation that peaks at 15 minutes after cytokine stimulation. More importantly, mitochondrial STAT5 induced by cytokine stimulation binds DNA in a gel shift assay suggesting a potential role of STAT5 in modulating mitochondrial DNA expression. We cannot exclude the possibility that STAT5 may have other functions in mitochondria. This hypothesis is supported by a recent report demonstrating a role of mitochondrial STAT3 in the activities of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain in mouse cells (Science 323:793, 2009). PDC are the key enzymes in mitochondria that convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA to be used in the citric acid cycle for cellular respiration. The interaction between STAT5 and PDC-E2 suggests a potential role of STAT5 in regulating energy production in mitochondria. Its constitutive mitochondrial localization in tumor cells, therefore, may aid in the higher metabolic rate commonly observed in cancer. Our novel findings represent the first report of cytokine-induced STAT5 translocation into mitochondria in human and mouse cells as well as its link to oncogenesis. Experiments are in progress to further elucidate the functions of mitochondrial STAT5. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-183.
Genetic Variation in Some Phenological Characteristics of Forest Trees

During the night between June 9 and 10, 1972, the temperature at Rhinelander dropped to — 3.5°C. Severe frost damage of new shoot growth of both conifers and hardwoods resulted (Plate 1). Since that dismal June night we have been evaluating the damage to different spruce species, populations within species, and progencies of individual parent trees within populations. At all levels there are significant differences in the amounts of damage. Some differences are caused by actual resistance to frost; the actively growing tissues can withstand freezing temperatures without showing damage (Kiellander, 1953, 1962), but much of the variation is due to frost avoidance. Seasonal development differs among types, and since the phenophases differ in susceptibility to frost, the differences in damage can be seen. Thus frost damage is closely related to the time of the initiation of growth.
Intercountry feedback and spillover effects within the international supply and use framework: a Bayesian perspective*

This paper proposes a new framework for the estimation of product-level global and interregional feedback and spillover (FS) factor multipliers. The framework is directly based on interregional sup...
Markets and Human Well-Being

The preceding chapter was almost entirely about positive economics: how markets work, and how the apparatus of supply and demand analysis can be used to explain economic outcomes or predict how future events may alter the fortunes of individuals and groups tied to the economic system. This is economics as plumbing or dentistry—no values to speak of, just technique. But the great interest most of us have in economic issues is not just technical. We care about meeting human needs, improving living standards and pursuing other goals like liberty, equality and sustainability. This means that we care deeply about the normative side of economics, what it can tell us about whether economic arrangements are good. So this chapter is an introduction to normative models in economics, the foundation for thinking analytically about the desirability of economic institutions and policies.
Coherent feedforward regulation of gene expression by Caulobacter σT and GsrN during hyperosmotic stress

GsrN is a conserved small RNA that is under the transcriptional control of the general stress response (GSR) sigma factor, σ T , and functions as a major post-transcriptional regulator of Caulobacter crescentus survival across multiple stress conditions. We have conducted molecular genetic studies aimed at defining features of GsrN structure that determine cell survival under hyperosmotic stress, and have applied biochemical, transcriptomic and proteomic methods to define molecular regulatory targets of GsrN under hyperosmotic conditions. The 5′ end of GsrN, which includes a conserved cytosine-rich stem loop structure, is necessary for cell survival upon osmotic upshock. GsrN both activates and represses gene expression when cells encounter a hyperosmotic environment. Among the genes most highly activated by GsrN is an uncharacterized open reading frame we have named osrP , which is predicted to encode a 37 kDa glycine-zipper protein. We present evidence that GsrN physically interacts with osrP mRNA through its 5′ C-rich stem loop to enhance OsrP protein expression. Given that σ T directly activates gsrN and osrP transcription, and that GsrN post-transcriptionally activates OsrP protein expression, we conclude that sigT , gsrN , and osrP comprise a coherent feedforward loop. This study delineates transcriptional and post-transcriptional layers of Caulobacter gene expression control during hyperosmotic stress, uncovers a new regulatory target of GsrN, and defines a coherent feedforward motif within the Caulobacter GSR regulatory network.
Structural Engineering Test for Determining the Circumferential Modulus of Circular Pipes and Tubes

This article proposes a structural engineering test method for determining the transverse flexural modulus of circular tubes and pipes made from fiber-reinforced polymer composite. The computed modulus from the proposed test can be used both in the design and in the qualification and acceptance procedures of these structural components. To validate the proposed test method, experiments were conducted on 23 metallic and 4 carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite rings having different material properties, diameters, and thicknesses. In addition, three different test setups and measurement techniques were used where each ring was subjected to two collinear tension forces while recording both the force and the change-in-diameter along the line of action of the two forces. The recorded data was then used to compute the transverse moduli of the circular tubes. The transverse modulus values determined from the proposed test were compared with those obtained from material tensile and flexural coupon tests carried out on the same tube materials. The three test setups and measurement techniques yielded satisfactory results, suggesting that the proposed test method is viable for adoption in both laboratory and field testing while balancing its ease of use and cost.
The Soul: Discipleship that Fosters an Integrated Soul:

Most often when the soul is mentioned, the Church’s only concern seems to be in “saving” it. Yet, the scriptures regularly refer to the care of the soul in much broader, and more holistic ways. So ...
All Ties Are Not Created Equal

This study examines whether and how different types of institutional ties affect new venture performance at different organizational stages. We propose that equity ties to government agencies will enhance the speed and returns of IPO but hinder post-IPO market growth. By contrast, we posit that equity ties to research institutes will contribute positively to both IPO performance and post-IPO market growth. We build our arguments on how the two types of institutional ties meet new ventures’ need to be legitimate and competitive pre- and post-IPO. We test our hypotheses with new ventures in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries that went public in China and find supportive evidence for our arguments.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to Define Intracellular Collagen Interactomes

We present the development, optimization, and application of constructs, cell lines, covalent cross-linking methods, and immunoprecipitation strategies that enable robust and accurate determination of collagen interactomes via mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Using collagen type-I as an example, protocols for working with large, repetitive, and GC-rich collagen genes are described, followed by strategies for engineering cells that stably and inducibly express antibody epitope-tagged collagen-I. Detailed steps to optimize collagen interactome cross-linking and perform immunoprecipitations are then presented. We conclude with a discussion of methods to elute collagen interactomes and prepare samples for mass spectrometry-mediated identification of interactors. Throughout, caveats and potential problems researchers may encounter when working with collagen are discussed. We note that the protocols presented herein may be readily adapted to define interactomes of other collagen types, as well as to determine comparative interactomes of normal and disease-causing collagen variants using quantitative isotopic labeling (SILAC)- or isobaric mass tags (iTRAQ or TMT)-based mass spectrometry analysis.
Mindfulness, autorregulación emocional y reducción de estrés: ¿ciencia o ficción?

Mindfulness —la practica de enfocar y sostener la atencion en el momento presente, sin elaborar juicios de valor— es un modelo de intervencion psicologica basado en evidencia empirica sobre el cual se ha generado un creciente interesdurante las dos ultimas decadas estimulado por el desarrollo de las ciencias neurocognitivas. La magnitud de los efectos de los dos modelos mas importantes de intervencion en mindfulness —reduccion del estres basada en mindfulness (MBSR) y terapia cognitiva basada en mindfulness (MBCT)— en los procesos de regulacion emocional y reduccion de estres se encuentran activamente en constante proceso de evaluacion empirica. Los resultados reportados en los ultimos 18 estudios de metaanalisis sugieren que ambos modelos modulanlos procesos de autorregulacion emocional y cognitiva bajo condiciones de estres. Especificamente, reportan un efecto moderado en sintomas fisicos como el dolor, y psicologicos como la ansiedad, depresion y distres emocional. Sin embargo, a pesar de la elevada produccion cientifica, los reportes presentan dificultades para interpretar los hallazgos reportados en muchos estudios debido a las limitaciones conceptuales y metodologicas inherentes al desarrollo reciente de esta area de investigacion. De hecho, una de las limitaciones mas notorias es la falta de estudios empiricos aleatorizados (randomized controlled trials o RCT’s, por sus siglas en ingles) que incluyan a un grupo “activo de comparacion”. De igual manera, no existe un claro consenso acerca de los mecanismos de accion a traves de los cuales esta forma de intervencion ofrece los beneficios reportados. Por tal motivo, el proposito de este articulo-objetivo es presentar una revision critica del marco conceptual y metodologico de la practica de mindfulness,asi como de sus mecanismos de accion y los resultados reportados en 18 estudios de metaanalisis encontrados en la literatura cientifica actual.
Towards the optical second: verifying optical clocks at the SI limit

The pursuit of ever more precise measures of time and frequency motivates redefinition of the second in terms of an optical atomic transition. To ensure continuity with the current definition, based on the microwave hyperfine transition in Cs133, it is necessary to measure the absolute frequency of candidate optical standards relative to primary cesium references. Armed with independent measurements, a stringent test of optical clocks can be made by comparing ratios of absolute frequency measurements against optical frequency ratios measured via direct optical comparison. Here we measure the S01→P03 transition of Yb171 using satellite time and frequency transfer to compare the clock frequency to an international collection of national primary and secondary frequency standards. Our measurements consist of 79 runs spanning eight months, yielding the absolute frequency to be 518 295 836 590 863.71(11) Hz and corresponding to a fractional uncertainty of 2.1×10−16. This absolute frequency measurement, the most accurate reported for any transition, allows us to close the Cs-Yb-Sr-Cs frequency measurement loop at an uncertainty <3×10−16, limited for the first time by the current realization of the second in the International System of Units (SI). Doing so represents a key step towards an optical definition of the SI second, as well as future optical time scales and applications. Furthermore, these high accuracy measurements distributed over eight months are analyzed to tighten the constraints on variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio, μ=m e /m p . Taken together with past Yb and Sr absolute frequency measurements, we infer new bounds on the coupling coefficient to gravitational potential of k μ =(−1.9±9.4)×10−7 and a drift with respect to time of μ˙μ=(5.3±6.5)×10−17/yr.
Is There a Quantum Geography

In this paper, I argue that a quantum theory may be the appropriate tool for describing phenomena with indeterminate boundaries in the context of the classification and delineation of geographic regions. A motivation for this claim stems from the observation that fundamental aspects of information about the physical world that follow from the success of quantum mechanics also apply to information about certain classes of geographic phenomena. Those aspects include (i) information about the physical [geographic] world is fundamentally relational, (ii) information of the physical [geographic] world is fundamentally granular, and (iii) information about the physical [geographic] reflects the fundamentally indeterminate nature of certain aspects of the world at the respective scales. (The words in the brackets were added by this author). (Rovelli, Int J Theor Phys 35:1637–1678, 1996; Rovelli and Vidotto, Covariant loop quantum gravity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2015). More rigorous support for the above claim comes from recent work in theoretical physics. This work has identified three information-theoretic conditions that, when satisfied for a class of phenomena, call for a quantum theory as the appropriate theoretical framework for that class. In this paper, I show that there are geographic phenomena which satisfy two of the three conditions that call for a quantum theory. I then argue that the third criterium can be validated or refuted in the geographic context by developing a quantum theory for geographic phenomena with indeterminate boundaries with classification and delineation operations as means to obtain information about those phenomena. Such a theory then can produce predictions that will either be verified by observations on the ground and thereby confirm the need for a quantum theory, or rule it out as a viable option.
Pedagogical decision making in a computerized school environment

A focus on pedagogical decision making requires, initially, an understanding of what is meant by the term, “pedagogy”. Pedagogy might mean, differentially, three different views of the teaching process: first, pedagogy as the process of transferring information or knowledge to another person or entity; second, pedagogy as the art, or science, of teaching; and third, pedagogy as the structure in teaching, or information transfer, which facilitates learning effectiveness and efficiency.
Sensitivity of Silicon Photomultipliers to Direct Gamma Ray Irradiation

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) from various manufacturers are shown to be sensitive to gamma-ray ionizing radiation without being coupled to a scintillator. Survey measurements of units from Hamamatsu, SENSL, and KETEK are shown, followed by detailed measurements of units from SENSL. Pulseheight spectroscopy of gamma-ray-induced signals reveals large pulses in excess of 16 microcells excited per event and as large as ~100 excited microcells. We review other examples of direct excitation by ionizing radiation found in the literature and surmise the effect that is related to the scattered charged particles (electrons) passing through the SiPM. We demonstrate that this direct sensitivity extends to cosmic-ray secondaries by a triple-coincidence experiment. The precise signal producing mechanism is unclear. The signal may be due to light producing processes, such as Cerenkov or scintillation in the optical windows, or charged particle ionization in the microcell layer, which may induce avalanches in microcells along the particle track. Possible applications and avenues for future study are suggested.
What SES may explain about work-related health limitations: A temporal-ordered model

While health’s relationship to SES is well established by research, relevant studies in the literature display little uniformity in their conceptualization of SES. The present study sought a tempor...
Stative Inquiries: Causes, Results, Experiences, and Locations

This monograph studies stative predicates from a neo-constructionist perspective and integrates them in a comprehensive theory of event and argument structure. It focuses on two sets of stative verbs: govern-type verbs and object experiencer psychological verbs. For govern-verbs, it shows how notions such as causativity and resultativity can also be ingredients of stative predicates and be derived syntactically. The consequences of this proposal are further pursued in a crosslinguistic investigation of adjectival passives, which are stative predicates of sorts. For object-experiencer psychological verbs, it is shown that their Experiencer theta-role can and should be derived as an aspectual entailment mediated by prepositional structure. In defending this view, this monograph reveals a syntactic parallelism between location verbs and object-experiencer psychological verbs in many languages that has hitherto gone unnoticed. This book will primarily appeal to researchers interested in lexical aspect and its connection to morphosyntax.
Genomics of Aminoglycoside Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections at a United States Academic Hospital

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of antibiotic-resistant infections. Although P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents, aminoglycosides are active against this organism in the absence of acquired resistance determinants and mutations. However, genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) are found in many strains that are resistant to these agents. We examined the prevalence of phenotypic resistance to the commonly used aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in a collection of 227 P. aeruginosa bloodstream isolates collected over two decades from a single U.S. academic medical institution. Resistance to these antibiotics was relatively stable over this time period. High-risk clones ST111 and ST298 were initially common but decreased in frequency over time. Whole genome sequencing identified relatively few AME genes in this collection compared to the published literature; only 14% of isolates contained an AME gene other than the ubiquitous aph(3’)-IIb. Of those present, only ant(2”)-Ia was associated with phenotypic resistance to gentamicin or to tobramycin. One extensively drug-resistant strain, PS1871, contained 5 AME genes, most of which were part of clusters of antibiotic resistance genes embedded within transposable elements. These findings suggest that AME genes play a relatively minor role in aminoglycoside resistance at our institution but that multidrug-resistant strains remain a problem.
What is driving the decreased incidence of preterm birth during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

BACKGROUND Institutions across the world have observed a decrease in the incidence of preterm births during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The reason for this reduction remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore potential causes for the decrease in preterm births by exploring the following 3 hypotheses: (1) do women who are more likely to be able to work from home incur less physical/or emotional stress resulting in longer gestation? (2) Does the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the incidence of preterm births vary by race? (3) Is this change provider driven? STUDY DESIGN Using a retrospective cohort of all singleton deliveries at a single tertiary care center, we compared the deliveries for the period before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (January 1, 2018–January 31, 2020) with those occurring during the pandemic (April 1, 2020–October 27, 2020). Comparisons between the period before and during the pandemic were made using Pearson chi-square or t tests as appropriate. The overall incidence of preterm birth, defined as delivery at RESULTS In a population of 17,687 pre–coronavirus disease 2019 deliveries, and 5396 deliveries occurring during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there was a significant decrease in the overall incidence of preterm births (11.1 vs 10.1%; P=.039). Both spontaneous and indicated preterm deliveries decreased across the entire population. When stratified, decreases in the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth before vs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were limited to deliveries to women from more advantaged neighborhoods (most advantaged, 4.4 vs 3.8%; least advantaged, 7.2 vs 7.4%), white mothers (white, 5.6 vs 4.7%; black, 6.6 vs 7.1%), and those receiving care from nonoutpatient care providers (nonoutpatient care providers, 5.5 vs 4.8%; outpatient care providers, 6.3 vs 6.7%). CONCLUSION The incidence of preterm births has decreased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Decreases in the rate of spontaneous preterm births were limited to deliveries to white women, living in more advantaged neighborhoods, and deliveries at nonoutpatient care facilities. The coronavirus disease 2019 response regulations may have benefited women with more indicators of advantage disproportionately more.
Implementation of a Health Literacy Intervention Improves Medication Adherence in Rheumatology Clinics

Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, communicate, and understand basic health information and services needed to make health decisions effectively. Adequate health literacy is essential for the optimal management of rheumatic diseases due to their multi-organ involvement and complex medication regimens. We review a recent quality assurance study which utilized a universal precautions health literacy approach and demonstrated significant improvement in medication adherence among patients with rheumatic diseases.
Book Review (Reviewing The Export of Legal Education—Its Promise and Impact in Transition Countries )

Both at home and abroad, legal education is in a state of flux. In the domestic market, considerable attention has been devoted to "transnational," "international," and "global" impacts. But our understanding of the direct impact that U.S. legal education of foreign nationals has upon foreign legal education and foreign legal and socio-economic systems remains incomplete. This review of The Export of Legal Education—Its Promise and Impact in Transition Countries, edited by Ronald A. Brand and D. Wes Rist, reflects on the role of U.S. LL.M. programs for foreign lawyers. It concludes with some comments about further lines of research.
Toward long-range adaptive communication via information centric networking

As Internet of Things (IoT) applications become more prevalent and grow in their use, a limited number ofwireless communication methods may be unable to enable dependable, robust delivery of information. It is necessary to enable adaptive communication and interoperability over a variety of wireless communication media to meet the requirements of large-scale IoT applications. This paper utilizes Named Data Networking (NDN), an up-and-coming Information-Centric Network architecture, to interconnect differing communication links via the network layer, and implements dynamic forwarding strategies and routing mechanisms which aid in the efficient dissemination of information. This work targets the creation of an interface technique to allow NDN to be transported via LoRa. This is acheived via the coupling of LoRa and WiFi using the NDN Forwarding Daemon (NFD) to create a universal ad hoc network. This network has the capacity for high range and multi-hop Device-to-Device (D2D) communication together with compatibility with other network communication media. Testing of the system in a real environment has shown that the newly created ad hoc network is capable of communicating over a several kilometer radius, while making use of the features provided by NDN to capitalize upon various links available to enable the efficient dissemination of data. Furthermore, the newly created network leverages NDN features to enable content-based routing within the LoRa network and utilize content-based routing techniques.
Delegating Powers: PATHS OF POLICY MAKING

No axiom is more clearly established in law, or in reason, than that wherever the end is required, the means are authorized; wherever a general power to do a thing is given, every particular power necessary for doing it is included. James Madison, Federalist 44 THE POLITICS OF MILITARY BASE CLOSINGS In 1988 the U.S. Congress established a blue-ribbon Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission. Its powers were broad: to recommend a list of military establishments to be closed, which would become law unless Congress voted to override the commission's decision. Its impact was immense, with foreseen economic consequences, calculated in terms of lost jobs and economic growth, that could devastate the local communities surrounding targeted military bases. Why would Congress delegate authority over a policy area so obviously vital to constituents? And why did delegation take the shape of an independent commission? Let us examine the problem from legislators' point of view. They have three choices: (1) ignore the issue entirely and close no bases; (2) pass a law listing which bases will be closed; or (3) delegate this decision to the executive. Congress had taken the first option after a round of base closings following the Vietnam War, nearly five hundred in all, had left members unhappy both over the loss of jobs in their districts and with the perception that the cuts were politically motivated, coming largely at the expense of Democrats.
Cultural Change and Coping

This chapter focuses on the psychological effects of cultural change and the ways they are being coped with. Sociocultural change is a part of daily lives and most people, as members of a society, adjust to change reasonably well. Sociocultural change may take place from within a society, may occur in association with the special social phenomena of migration or refugees, or may be related to the intense and close interaction between minority and majority groups in a society. However, when sociocultural change occurs with great magnitude and within a relatively short period of time, it tends to become stressful, confusing, and disturbing to a society, and as a result, some people find it difficult to adjust, resulting in certain mental health problems. They could occur as social problems in daily life, such as family disintegration, with an increase in divorce, the emergence of new religious cults, the revitalization of folk beliefs and indigenous healing practices, and the rise of various youth movements; or as minor psychiatric disorders, such as psychosomatic disorders, neuroses, drinking problems, substance abuse, violent behavior, juvenile delinquency, or suicidal behavior. Thus the importance of mental health care increases more when a society is experiences gross social and cultural changes with which the ordinary person is unable to deal with.
The complexity of the Nrf2 pathway: Beyond the antioxidant response

The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signalling pathway provides living organisms an efficient and pivotal line of defensive to counteract environmental insults and endogenous stressors. Nrf2 coordinates the basal and inducible expression of antioxidant and Phase II detoxification enzymes to adapt to different stress conditions. The stability and cellular distribution of Nrf2 is tightly controlled by its inhibitory binding protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Nrf2 signalling is also regulated by posttranslational, transcriptional, translational and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as by other protein partners, including p62, p21 and IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 1. Many studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a promising target for preventing carcinogenesis and other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and pulmonary injury. However, constitutive activation of Nrf2 in advanced cancer cells may confer drug resistance. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 signalling, the diverse classes of Nrf2 activators, including bioactive nutrients and other chemicals, and the cellular functions and disease relevance of Nrf2 and discuss the dual role of Nrf2 in different contexts.
Simulation study of nanoparticle melting behavior for lead free nano solder application

Summary form only given. Silver nanoparticle was used as model system for melting behavior study due to its wide application in the field of microelectronic packaging and the availability of force field. The embedded atom method (EAM) was employed in conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the effect of particle size and temperature ramping up rate on nano silver melting behavior. Silver spheres with diameter of 10 nm and 4 nm were prepared, and the temperature was raised up to 1200 K at a ramping up rate of 0.1K/ps and 1K/ps respectively. [010] projection and pair correlation function (PCF) were applied to study the structural evolution of silver particles as temperature is ramping up. The melting point was derived by observing the abrupt increase in potential energy. The effect of particle size and temperature ramping up rate on melting point was investigated. Surface melting behavior was studied by comparing the micro-structure of silver atoms located in core/shell regions
The Use of a Precipitin Test to Differentiate Candida Albicans from Candida Stellatoidea1

The incidence of Candidiasis (or Moniliasis) has apparently increased since the introduction and use of certain antibiotics (1). For this reason, it is important to recognize cultures of Candida albicans with speed and accuracy. These organisms are usually identified by their morphological characteristics on special agar and their ability to ferment sugars (2, 3, 4, 5). Animal pathogenicity, while helpful is too expensive and time consuming to be used routinely.
The CEBAF N* program

Abstract Physics topics relevant to the excitation of nucleon resonances are discussed. It is argued that measurements of electromagnetic resonance transition amplitudes are sensitive to the QCD structure of the nucleon. The status and experimental schedule of the N ∗ program at CEBAF are outlined.
Structure of Materials: Molecular solids and biological materials

We've discovered the secret of life. Francis Harry Compton Crick, 1953 In this final chapter we widen our horizons a little by moving away from the traditional crystal structures that are of importance to the materials community. We will cover molecular solids, in which the individual building blocks are entire molecules instead of atoms, and a variety of important biological structures, including DNA, RNA, and several virus structures. We will see that many of the techniques and concepts developed for regular materials remain applicable to these classes of structures. Introductory remarks Molecular solids are those for which the building blocks are conveniently described in terms of molecular, rather than individual atomic constituents. We have already seen that it can be useful to represent some ceramic and silicate structures in terms of molecular units. This chapter emphasizes structures based on low atomic number constituents, such as C, H, O, N, … Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of carbon compounds; this encompasses all molecules that occur in living organisms and in materials important for life. An older definition of organic as “compounds derived from living organisms” is broadened here to include synthetic materials, which are important in man-made compounds such as polymers and fullerene-based solids. Molecular crystals often have strong bonding within the molecular units, with weaker intermolecular interactions that give rise to a weak solid cohesion. In many instances, the solid is held together by van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding .
Regulated splicing of the Drosophila sex-lethal male exon involves a blockage mechanism

In Drosophila melanogaster, sex determination in somatic cells is controlled by a cascade of genes whose expression is regulated by alternative splicing [B. S. Baker, Nature (London) 340:521-524, 1989; J. Hodgkin, Cell 56:905-906, 1989]. The master switch gene in this hierarchy is Sex-lethal. Sex-lethal is turned on only in females, and an autoregulatory feedback loop which controls alternative splicing maintains this state (L. R. Bell, J. I. Horabin, P. Schedl, and T. W. Cline, Cell 65:229-239, 1991; L. N. Keyes, T. W. Cline, and P. Schedl, Cell 68:933-943, 1992). Sex-lethal also promotes female differentiation by controlling the splicing of RNA from the next gene in the hierarchy, transformer. Sosnowski et al. (B. A. Sosnowski, J. M. Belote, and M. McKeown, Cell 58:449-459, 1989) have shown that the mechanism for generating female transformer transcripts is not through the activation of the alternative splice site but by the blockage of the default splice site. We have tested whether an activation or a blockage mechanism is involved in Sex-lethal autoregulation. The male exon of Sex-lethal with flanking splice sites was placed into the introns of heterologous genes. Our results support the blockage mechanism. The poly(U) run at the male exon 3' splice site is required for sex-specific splicing. However, unlike transformer, default splicing to the male exon is sensitive to the sequence context within which the exon resides. This and the observation that the splice signals at the exon are suboptimal are discussed with regard to alternate splicing.
The Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers and the Courts

Eighty cases, which cited tentative drafts of the Restatement, present an interesting picture of the evolving law governing lawyers. Purcell v. District Court is one fine example.
Inferior turbinate hypertrophy: review and graduated approach to surgical management.

BackgroundSurgical techniques for managing inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) vary widely and have evolved substantially in the past four decades as new technologies have emerged.MethodsLiteratur...
Oxidation rate of graphitic matrix material in the kinetic regime for VHTR air ingress accident scenarios

Abstract Data on oxidation rates of matrix-grade graphite in the kinetically-controlled temperature regime of graphite oxidation are needed for safety analysis of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors and Very High Temperature Reactors. In this work, the oxidation rate of graphitic matrix material GKrS was measured thermogravimetrically for various oxygen concentrations and with temperatures from 873 to 1873 K. A semi-empirical Arrhenius rate equation was also developed for this temperature range. The activation energy of the graphitic material is found to be about 111.5 kJ/mol. The order of reaction was found to be about 0.89. The surface of oxidized GKrS was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
Social sources of narrative skills at home and at school

L'article examine la nature des contextes sociaux dans lesquels l'enfant developpe son aptitude a produire des recits, en tentant de determiner si les experiences qui facilitent ce developpement sont plus frequentes a l'ecole ou a la maison et si les strategies utilisees a l'ecole et a la maison ont la meme efficacite
Inhibition of isoproterenol-induced DNA and RNA synthesis in rat parotid and pancreas following removal of submandibular-sublingual glands.

[3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA of the parotid (PA) gland of adult and 20-day-old rats and into DNA of the pancreas (PANC) of 20-day-old rats was increased markedly following a 2-day regimen of isoproterenol (ISO) administration. However, when the submandibular-sublingual (SM-SL) glands had been removed just prior to initiation of the ISO injections, the [3H] thymidine incorporation into PA and PANC was inhibited, and cpm/mg protein of these organs was even lower than that of organs of untreated rats with SM-SL glands present. Removal of the PA glands just prior to initiation of the ISO regimen had no effect on the ISO-induced [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA of PANC but partially inhibited that of the submandibular (SM) gland. It is suggested that the inhibitory effects on DNA and RNA synthesis that follow removal of SM-SL glands are attributable to the growth factors (epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor) found in the rat SM gland. These factors appear to regulate normal DNA synthetic activity of exocrine glands as well as β1-adrenoceptor mediated DNA synthesis. Cellular hypertrophy induced by the ISO was less markedly affected by absence of the SM glands, but a partial inhibition of [3H] uridine incorporation into RNA of PA of adult rats also occurred when SM-SL glands were removed prior to initiation of the ISO-regimen.
Models Wagging the Dog: Are Circuits Constructed with Disparate Parameters?

In a recent article, Prinz, Bucher, and Marder (2004) addressed the fundamental question of whether neural systems are built with a fixed blueprint of tightly controlled parameters or in a way in which properties can vary largely from one individual to another, using a database modeling approach. Here, we examine the main conclusion that neural circuits indeed are built with largely varying parameters in the light of our own experimental and modeling observations. We critically discuss the experimental and theoretical evidence, including the general adequacy of database approaches for questions of this kind, and come to the conclusion that the last word for this fundamental question has not yet been spoken.
A Critical Location of the Contemporary Black Church: Finding a Place for the Word Church Formation

This article explores attempts to transform Black forms of Christianity to assess their effectiveness in relationship to advancing African agency and cultural values. Utilizing an Afrocentric perspective that insists on discovering location in phenomenal and intellectual texts as a way of indicating distance from reality and history, this work intends to examine the relevance of the Word Church formation in the African American community. This article does not ask whether one form of religion is superior to another but rather how a certain form of spirituality is congruent to historical realities. Taking the term Colonial Christianity to mean the specific religion transmitted to enslaved and free Africans in the United States of America between the l7th and 20th centuries, this article engages the permutations of that religion in the minds of Africans in order to examine psychological dislocation.