cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
cSeiz: An Edge-Device for Accurate Seizure Detection and Control for Smart Healthcare.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting up to 1% of the world's population and approximately 2.5 million people in the United States. Seizures in more than 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to anti-epileptic drugs. An important biomedical research effort is focused on the development of an energy efficient implantable device for the real-time control of seizures. In this paper we propose an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) based automated seizure detection and drug delivery system (DDS) for the control of seizures. The proposed system will detect seizures and inject a fast acting anti-convulsant drug at the onset to suppress seizure progression. The drug injection is performed in two stages. Initially, the seizure detector detects the seizure from the electroencephalography (EEG) signal using a hyper-synchronous signal detection circuit and a signal rejection algorithm (SRA). In the second stage, the drug is released in the seizure onset area upon seizure detection. The design was validated using a system-level simulation and consumer electronics proof of concept. The proposed seizure detector reports a sensitivity of 96.9% and specificity of 97.5%. The use of minimal circuitry leads to a considerable reduction of power consumption compared to previous approaches. The proposed approach can be generalized to other sensor modalities and the use of both wearable and implantable solutions, or a combination of the two.
Late term hiatal hernia after gastric bypass: an emerging problem

Abstract Background Gastric bypasses were the most common bariatric surgery for many years, and long-term complications after gastric bypass are known to be relatively common. Symptomatic hiatal hernia (HH) with pouch migration is a less-known complication. However, when these are symptomatic, they require surgical repair. Objective We present a case series of late-term HH after gastric bypass and discuss the common presentation and treatment. Setting University program in the United States. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients presenting with late-term HH after gastric bypass performed by a single surgeon during 2002 through 2018. The review captured presentation and symptoms, age, body mass index, time from index surgery, radiologic studies, and the reoperative details. If available, the original operative note was reviewed along with any preoperative imaging studies. A review of the literature was also performed. Results Seven patients were included in the case series. The average time from the index surgery was 11.9 years (range 9–16) and the average age of the patient at time of presentation was 60.1. The average body mass index at the time of the HH repair was 34 kg/m2. The most common presenting symptom was gastroesophageal reflux. Both computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal series were used for diagnosis with a common finding of HH and pouch migration into the mediastinum. HH repair with bioabsorbable mesh was performed in all patients, with an average operative time of 105 minutes. Conclusion HH can present late after gastric bypass become symptomatic. When symptomatic, it needs to be addressed surgically and can usually be done through a minimally invasive approach.
Graded Balloon Atrial Septostomy for Palliation of Congenital Pulmonary Hypertension in a Dog: A Case Report

CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-month-old intact female Maltese dog was presented for acute onset of syncope. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog was presented for collapse upon excitement and exercise. It collapsed at discharge and suffered cardiopulmonary arrest. Echocardiography after resuscitation indicated severe pulmonary hypertension without evidence of intracardiac or extracardiac shunting. A presumptive diagnosis of congenital pulmonary hypertension was made. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Initial treatment with sildenafil was effective at relieving syncope, but the extent of pulmonary hypertension as determined by serial echocardiography was unchanged. Graded balloon atrial septostomy was performed as a palliative procedure. Follow-up echocardiography identified a patent interatrial communication with bidirectional shunting. The dog remained asymptomatic 18 months after treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report in the veterinary literature of graded balloon atrial septostomy performed for therapeutic purposes. Further studies are required to determine if this palliative procedure is a beneficial treatment option for dogs with congenital or severe refractory pulmonary hypertension.
Dynamic Electrothermal Model of a Sputtered Thermopile Thermal Radiation Detector for Earth Radiation Budget Applications

The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is a program sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) aimed at evaluating the global energy balance. Current scanning radiometers used for CERES consist of thin-film thermistor bolometers viewing the Earth through a Cassegrain telescope. The Thermal Radiation Group, a laboratory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, is currently studying a new sensor concept to replace the current bolometer: a thermopile thermal radiation detector. This next-generation detector would consist of a thermal sensor array made of thermocouple junction pairs, or thermopiles. The objective of the current research is to perform a thermal analysis of the thermopile. Numerical thermal models are particularly suited to solve problems for which temperature is the dominant mechanism of the operation of the device (through the thermoelectric effect), as well as for complex geometries composed of numerous different materials. Feasibility and design specifications are studied by developing a dynamic electrothermal model of the thermopile using the finite element method. A commercial finite element-modeling package, ALGOR, is used.
Examining the effects of musical type and intensity in performing the flanker task: A test of attentional control theory applied to non-emotional distractions:

Music alters the interplay between components of cognition and performance; however, there are inconclusive findings on how. One explanation may be Attentional Control Theory, which states that anx...
Mucosal Melanoma: A Rare Entity and Review of the Literature.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare variant of melanoma representing around 1% of total cases of melanoma diagnosed. The usual sites of mucosal involvement are the sino-nasal passages, the oral cavity, and less commonly the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It also has been reported to occur in vulvovaginal and anorectal mucosa. We present a rare case of mucosal melanoma that presented as recurrent epistaxis, headache, and sinus pressure. CT maxillofacial imaging revealed a large mass right nasal cavity. This was biopsied by ENT and shown to be mucosal melanoma. This was treated with palliative radiation followed by immunotherapy with nivolumab. Along with details of the case, we also discuss current treatment options with a focus on the role of immunotherapy and its efficacy in cases of head and neck mucosal melanoma. Our review of literature supports use of combination immunotherapy (including both nivolumab and ipilimumab) as it shows greater efficacy than either therapy alone. When combined with radiation therapy (RT) the overall response rate is improved and RT induces an abscopal effect; where benefits of RT are also seen at nonirradiated locations. In our patient, the use of radiation was essentially palliative as the patient was deemed to not be a surgical candidate. We discuss in our literature review the optimum timing of radiation in relation to definitive surgery or immunotherapy.
Transforming PETE's Initial Standards: Ensuring Social Justice for Black Students in Physical Education.

Calls to transform the initial Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) standards to reflect social justice have garnered little attention. Recent events have magnified the racial injustices inf...
Acute and late administration of colony stimulating factor 1 attenuates chronic cognitive impairment following mild traumatic brain injury in mice.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term neurological disability. Currently there is no effective pharmacological treatment for patients suffering from the long-lasting symptoms of TBI. We recently discovered that colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), an essential regulator of macrophage homeostasis, is neuroprotective and reduces neuroinflammation in two models of neurological disease in mice. Here we used a mouse model of repetitive mild TBI (mTBI) to examine whether CSF1 would attenuate cognitive deficits and improve pathological outcomes in two paradigms. In the acute paradigm, a single bolus treatment of CSF1 administered 24 h after injury significantly reduces memory impairment and astrocyte reactivity assessed 3 months later. In the chronic paradigm, the mice were tested 3 months after mTBI when they showed cognitive deficits. The mice were then randomly assigned to receive CSF1 or PBS (as control) treatment. After one month of treatment, the PBS-treated mice remained cognitively impaired, but the CSF1-treated showed significant improvements in cognitive function. RNA-seq and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis reveals CSF1 treatment alters cognition- and memory-related transcriptomic changes and pathways. The results of this study show that acute as well as delayed CSF1 treatment attenuate chronically impaired cognitive functions and improve pathological outcomes long after mTBI. The wide therapeutic time window of CSF1, together with the fact that CSF1 is approved for human use in clinical trials, strongly supports the potential clinical usefulness of this treatment in patients with mTBI.
Anatomy of the Oral Cavity

In this section, the surface structures of the oral cavity, which is necessary to understand the mimetic muscles and floor of the mouth, will be reviewed.
Preoperative Evaluation in Colorectal Patients

Patients undergoing abdominal colorectal operations are included within the “intermediate” risk group for perioperative morbidity and mortality, with perforated viscera upstaging patients to “high risk” for surgical complications. Careful attention and optimization of preexisting alterations in cardiopulmonary, renal, metabolic, and endocrine physiology and other pathophysiologic risk factors and derangements (such as frailty and immunosuppression) are paramount in minimizing septic (anastomotic leak, surgical site infection) complications, and overall morbidity. Implementation of ACC/AHA guidelines as well as evidence-based medical management leads to improved efficiencies with minimization of extraneous testing and delays, while preserving low complication rates. Corticosteroids and immunosuppression remain significant determinants of morbidity in patients undergoing intestinal colorectal surgery.
Muscarinic and Nicotinic Mechanisms of Seizures Induced by Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Observations on Diazepam and Midazolam as Antagonists

The gross behavioral and EEG seizure-inducing effects of various cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) were compared to the cholinergic agonists arecoline and nicotine, and the classic convulsants pentylenetetrazol and strychnine in unanesthetized rats. It was also our purpose to determine the possible anticonvulsant activity of potential antagonists. Femoral arterial and venous cannulae, EEG (epidural) and EKG (Lead II) electrodes were surgically implanted under halothane-oxygen anesthesia into adult Sprague-Dawley male rats (200–350 gm). Upon recovery from halothane anesthesia each rat received one of the following: 1) a directly acting cholinergic agonist (arecoline or nicotine); 2) a cholinesterase inhibitor, diethyi-p-nitrophenylphosphate (paraoxon), diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), neostigmine, or physostigmine; or 3) a central nervous system convulsant (pentylenetetrazol or strychnine).
Culture-dependent and culture-independent assessment of bacteria in the apple phyllosphere.

Aims: Bacterial communities in the apple phyllosphere were examined quantitatively and qualitatively by applying culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Methods and Results: Populations estimated by viewing cells stained with 4¢,6diamidino-2-phenylindole generally were at least 100‐1000 times greater than populations estimated by culturing on tryptic soy agar (TSA). Of the 44 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; cut-off threshold of 97%) detected in total, five bacterial orders containing 23 OTUs were identified by culturing on TSA, whereas nine orders containing 33 OTUs were identified by 16S rRNA gene cloning of DNA extracted from apple leaf surfaces. Twelve of the 44 OTUs were shared between cultured isolates and 16S rRNA gene clones and included the orders Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, Rhizobiales and Sphingomonadales. Three OTUs within the genus Sphingomonas accounted for 40% of isolates and 68% of clones. The Actinomycetales were found only among isolates, whereas the Bacteroidales, Enterobacteriales, Myxococales and Sphingobacteriales were represented in the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries but were absent among isolates. Conclusions: Culture-independent methods revealed greater numbers and greater richness of bacteria on apple leaves than found by culturing. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study to directly compare culture-dependent and independent approaches for assessing bacterial communities in the phyllosphere. The biases introduced by different methods will have a significant impact on studies related to phyllosphere ecology, biological control of plant diseases, reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes and food safety.
Chapter 16 Tax incidence

Publisher Summary Economics is at its best when it offers important insights that contradict initial, casual impressions. The theory of tax incidence provides a rich assortment of such insights. Tax incidences basic lesson that the real and nominal tax burdens are not necessarily related means that taxes on capital are born by workers, that investment incentives are injurious to capitalists, that taxation of foreigners simply represent indirect domestic taxation, and that generations alive many decades in the future may be supporting those currently alive. The study of tax incidence is both fun, because it offers such surprising findings, and very important, because of its implications about the impacts of government policies. Much of the current tax incidence literature considers the settings of certainty, perfect information, and market clearing. As more sophisticated models relax these assumptions, the theory of tax incidence is enriched and, with all probability, provides even more surprising and exciting economic insights.
Herpetic Folliculitis is Usually a Consequence of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection

Skin biopsies of 8 patients diagnosed with herpetic folliculitis by light microscopy were retrieved from the files of the UCSF Dermatopathology Service. Clinical and microscopical features were reviewed and tabulated, and PCR analysis was employed to seek DNA sequences specific for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). The study group included 4 women and 4 men, ages 15 to 54. Five patients (62%) were immunosuppressed, with underlying conditions including HIV infection, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus with polyarteritis nodosa. Microscopically, herpetic cytopathic changes involved the isthmus in 7/8 cases (87%), and involved the sebaceous apparatus in 4/8 cases (50%). Herpetic viropathic changes were not found within eccrine epithelium. A moderate to dense perifollicular infiltrate, comprised mostly of lymphocytes, was evident in 7/8 cases (87%). After PCR expansion of genetic material extracted from the original paraffin blocks, VZV-specific DNA sequences were detected in 8/8 cases. We conclude that herpetic folliculitis is a consequence of VZV infection. Because follicular herpetic infection is often accompanied by a dense perifollicular lymphoid infiltrate, the microscopical presentation can simulate inflammatory skin diseases such as lupus erythematosus. Level sections may be required for a specific diagnosis to be made.
Virus with a Multipartite Superhelical DNA Genome from the Ichneumonid Parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis

Virus was isolated from the lumen of the calyx region of ovaries in the parasitoid wasp Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and the nature of the viral DNA was analyzed. DNA purified from a homogeneous band of virus contained double-stranded superhelical molecules which were polydisperse in molecular weight. At least 25 different covalently closed circles were present, ranging in molecular weight from 4.0 x 10(6) to 13.6 x 10(6). The virus DNA was analyzed with restriction enzymes, and the nature of the genetic complexity was evaluated by Southern blot hybridization of native superhelical and relaxed circular virus DNA and of SalI- and HindIII-digested DNA. The data suggest that most of the variously sized covalently closed DNAs were composed primarily of nonhomologous sequences. The different size classes of covalently closed viral DNAs did not appear to exist in equimolar concentrations. However, there was no evidence from observation of virus particles in the electron microscope or from virus fractionation experiments that a mixture of viruses was present in the calyx fluid. The results from this study suggest' that the virus isolated from C. sonorensis, like those isolated from other endoparasitic hymenoptera, may belong to a new class of DNA viruses in which the genome is multipartite, with each DNA existing as a superhelical molecule.
Density-Gradient Expansion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the expansion of the exchange and correlation energy density functional. It presents recent developments with regard to first principle derivations of the coefficients of these expansions. It also deals with an analysis of these expansions based on a study of the corresponding Fermi and Coulomb hole charge distributions. The energy of an electron gas is expanded and is subjected to a weak external potential whose average may be taken to be zero.
Prevalence of Congenital Heart Defects in Monochorionic/Diamniotic Twin Gestations A Systematic Literature Review

Objective. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect approximately 0.5% of all neonates. Recent literature points to a possible increase in the CHD prevalence among monochorionic/diamniotic (MC/DA) twin gestations. We hypothesized that MC/DA twin pregnancy is a risk factor for CHD. Methods. A systematic review of all published English literature was conducted on MEDLINE (Ovid and PubMed) from January 2000 through April 2007 using the medical subject heading terms "congenital heart defect" and "monozygotic twins." Four observational studies were included in the final analysis. Published historical data were used for the population background risk of CHD. Relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by fixed and random effect models. Results. We included a total of 40 fetuses with CHDs among 830 fetuses from MC/DA twin gestations. Compared with the population, CHDs were significantly more prevalent in MC/DA twins regardless of the presence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) (RR, 9.18; 95% Cl, 5.51-15.29; P <.001). Monochorionic/diamniotic twin gestations affected by TTTS were more likely to be complicated by CHDs than those that did not have TTTS (RR, 2.78; 95% Cl, 1.03-7.52; P =.04). Ventricular septal defects were the most frequent heart defects. Pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defects were significantly more prevalent in pregnancies complicated with TTTS. Conclusions. Monochorionic/diamniotic twin gestation appears to be a risk factor for CHDs. Conditions that lead to abnormal placentation may also contribute to abnormal heart development, especially in MC/DA twin pregnancies complicated with TTTS. Fetal echocardiography may be considered for all MC/DA twin gestations because ventricular septal defects and pulmonary stenosis are the most common defects.
REIMAGINING LABOR: THE LESSONS OF WISCONSIN

For the past fifty years, the labor movement has experienced a dramatic decline in both its power and membership base. Labor's increasingly dependent and dysfunctional relationship with the Democratic Party is perhaps the dramatic indicator of its declining power. Despite the at best neglectful and at worst hostile relationship of Democratic legislators to the needs of working people, national union leaders continue to behave as though legislative corridors of power are the primary if not the only fix for what ails labor. Clearly, labor leaders have been unwilling to take the risks necessary to build new forms of power commensurate with the present political and economic challenge.
Mean velocity profile in a sheared and thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer.

A stability correction function ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{m}(\ensuremath{\zeta})$ that accounts for distortions to the logarithmic mean velocity profile (MVP) in the lower atmosphere caused by thermal stratification was proposed by Monin and Obukhov in the 1950s using dimensional analysis. Its universal character was established from many field experiments. However, theories that describe the canonical shape of ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{m}(\ensuremath{\zeta})$ are still lacking. A previous link between the spectrum of turbulence and the MVP is expanded here to include the effects of thermal stratification on the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and eddy-size anisotropy. The resulting theory provides a novel explanation for the power-law exponents and coefficients already reported for ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{m}(\ensuremath{\zeta})$ from numerous field experiments.
Optimal coherence for beam propagation through random media

In this paper we consider the optimal coherence for beam propagation through random media. First, we demonstrate that a beam that maximizes the average receiver intensity is fully coherent, and that the upper bounds on received intensity are nearly attained by a beam that is focused for clear air. Second, we demonstrate that a beam that maximizes the scintillation index (along with other criteria that trade-off the mean and standard deviation for the received intensity) is, in general, partially coherent. We conclude with an example in which modal intensities are optimized for a beam that is constructed from Hermite-Gaussian modes.
Spectrum of potential-energy curves for the He 2 + system

Low-energy, collisional excitation of neutral helium in He-He/sup +/ collisions is investigated using the potential-energy curves for the molecular ions. Ground and excited states of the /sup 2/..sigma../sub g//sup +/, /sup 2/..sigma../sub u//sup +/, /sup 2/Pi/sub g/, and /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ states are calculated using an ab initio configuration-interaction method for the n = 2 neutral excitations of helium. A threshold of 23.5 eV is determined for the /sup 1/S-2 /sup 3/S excitation. Thresholds for the /sup 1/S-2 /sup 1/S, -2 /sup 3/P, and -2 /sup 1/P states are also estimated from the potential-energy curves. ..sigma..-Pi interactions are also considered to explain the photon polarization reported in the 2 /sup 1/P excitation cross section. The /sup 2/..sigma../sub g//sup +/ spectrum of potential-energy curves appears to dominate the ..sigma..-..sigma.. radial interactions, while the /sup 2/..sigma../sub u//sup +/ and /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ states are apparently necessary to explain the 2 /sup 1/P cross section. (AIP)
Max flows in O(nm) time, or better

In this paper, we present improved polynomial time algorithms for the max flow problem defined on sparse networks with n nodes and m arcs. We show how to solve the max flow problem in O(nm + m31/16 log2 n) time. In the case that m = O(n1.06), this improves upon the best previous algorithm due to King, Rao, and Tarjan, who solved the max flow problem in O(nm logm/(n log n)n) time. This establishes that the max flow problem is solvable in O(nm) time for all values of n and m. In the case that m = O(n), we improve the running time to O(n2/ log n).
Dissociation of polyatomic ions in the inductively coupled plasma

Abstract A general method for identifying the origin of a particular polyatomic ion is described. Based on a postulated dissociation reaction, measured ion signal ratios (e.g. Ar 2 + /Ar + ) are combined with mass bias corrections and estimates of the density of the neutral product (usually Ar, O or H atoms) to determine a gas kinetic temperature T gas . The temperature can also be measured by the reduction in pressure when the ICP is sampled (compared to room temperature argon), or by other means. Dissociation energies and spectroscopic constants for the ions are necessary. For the particular instrument used, some of the findings of this study are: (a) ArO + and ArN + can be either dissociated (if the plasma potential is high) or created (if the plasma potential is low) by collisions between the sampler and skimmer; (b) the strongly-bound oxide ions O 2 + and MO + for the rare earths are observed at levels consistent with T gas ∼5300 K in a ‘hot’ plasma, but ClO + is formed in excess; and (c) the abundances of most other polyatomic ions like H 2 O + and ArH + correspond to higher densities than would be expected in the ICP itself.
Determination of the absolute specific conductance of primary standard KCl solutions

A determination of the absolute specific conductance of KCl solutions is demonstrated. The measurement is based on the conductance cell with a well defined geometry, having a difference in the removable center tube of accurately measured dimensions. The specific conductance of the solution is obtained from the measured resistances of the cell with and without the center tube and the measured l/A ratio of the center tube. Specific conductances obtained using the cell agree with the previously accepted standards for 0.1 demal and 0.01 demal solutions within 0.02%. Results are also presented for solutions based on molality. The temperature control, bridge, and detector technology used to obtain results of this accuracy are described.
Pattern-Mixture Models for Multivariate Incomplete Data

Consider a random sample on variables X1, …, Xv with some values of Xv missing. Selection models specify the distribution of X1 , …, XV over respondents and nonrespondents to Xv , and the conditional distribution that Xv is missing given X1 , …, Xv . In contrast, pattern-mixture models specify the conditional distribution of X 1, …, Xv given that XV is observed or missing respectively and the marginal distribution of the binary indicator for whether or not Xv is missing. For multivariate data with a general pattern of missing values, the literature has tended to adopt the selection-modeling approach (see for example Little and Rubin); here, pattern-mixture models are proposed for this more general problem. Pattern-mixture models are chronically underidentified; in particular for the case of univariate nonresponse mentioned above, there are no data on the distribution of Xv given X1 , …, XV–1 , in the stratum with Xv missing. Thus the models require restrictions or prior information to identify the paramet...
Using research projects and qualitative conceptual modeling to increase novice scientists’ understanding of ecological complexity

Abstract A new program, Teaching Ecological Complexity, is working to develop a heightened capacity for systems thinking among high school biology and environmental sciences teachers. During a 2-week field-based course, the teachers use qualitative conceptual modeling, participate in all stages of field experimentation, and formulate plans to teach field research with their own classes. Qualitative conceptual modeling was found to be useful in revealing the underlying perceptions of ecosystem functioning for these novice scientists. Preliminary results showed improvement in their ability to recognize and apply some of the attributes of complex ecosystem: non-linear feedback loops, hierarchical organization, patterns illustrating the spatial arrangements of species diversity. In addition to using models, teachers used peer-learning techniques. Collegial discussions about what they understood at particular points in time were useful in improving their understanding of ecosystem phenomenon.
Aqueous phase ozonation of chlorophenols

This research investigates the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions between dissolved ozone and mono-chlorophenols in distilled water. The stoichiometric determination indicates that three moles of ozone are required for complete conversion of each mole of chlorophenol. A stopped-flow spectrophotometer system was applied to obtain the kinetic data. p-Chlorophenol is the most reactive of the three isomers with ozone yielding second order rate constants of 10800–56000 1/M s as the temperature increases from 10 to 35°C. The ozonation reaction is first order in ozone, and independent of the concentration of o- or m-chlorophenol. The kinetic results suggest that the reactions of the three isomers are governed by different pathways though all of the ozonation reactions might be initiated by electrophilic addition.
Observation of gravity waves during the extreme tornado outbreak of 3 April 1974

A continuous wave-spectrum high-frequency radiowave Doppler sounder array was used to observe upper-atmospheric disturbances during an extreme tornado outbreak. The observations indicated that gravity waves with two harmonic wave periods were detected at the F-region ionospheric height. Using a group ray path computational technique, the observed gravity waves were traced in order to locate potential sources. The signals were apparently excited 1-3 hours before tornado touchdown. Reverse ray tracing indicated that the wave source was located at the aurora zone with a Kp index of 6 at the time of wave excitation. The summation of the 24-hour Kp index for the day was 36. The results agree with existing theories (Testud, 1970; Titheridge, 1971; Kato, 1976) for the excitation of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with geomagnetic activity in the aurora zone.
Clogging evaluation of open graded friction course pavements tested under rainfall and heavy vehicle simulators.

Abstract In this study a new procedure is developed to obtain core samples from field sections to assess clogging mechanisms of open graded friction course (OGFC) pavements using X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. The approach compared X-ray computed tomography (CT) images taken before and after: (1) rainfall simulations without trafficking to investigate particle-related clogging and (2) full-scale accelerated pavement rutting tests (APT) to investigate deformation related clogging of OGFC layers. Rainfall simulations were performed with runoff water of known total suspended solids (TSS) and particle size distributions (PSDs). Full-scale accelerated rutting tests were performed under controlled temperature and loads. Both investigations were performed for three different OGFC pavements with different layer thicknesses and mix types. The clogging of rutting test sections were also evaluated by comparing the surface permeability measurements performed before and after APT testing. The results of X-ray CT image processing revealed a significant reduction in air-void content of core samples after APT rutting tests. The highest air-void reduction was concentrated at the bottom of the OGFC layers. Permeability measurements also showed a 40%–90% reduction in permeability after APT trafficking. X-ray CT image processing of core samples tested under simulated rainfall showed that air void content reduction is concentrated in the lower part (2–6 mm from the bottom) of the OGFC layers as a result of particle accumulation. Small changes in air void contents were observed in the upper part of the OGFC layers (10–15 mm) while these reductions in air void contents were not significant to cause surface overflow and hence it is expected that the tested OGFC pavements will have sufficient permeability to infiltrate water during most average storm events.
Consumer Use of Over-the-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Consumer Use of Over-the-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Torsional Dynamics of Closely Coupled Turbine-Generators

This paper presents the results of studies on the torsional vibration characteristics of a group of turbine generators that are operating in parallel in a power station.
Hardening Persona - Improving Federated Web Login.

Federated login protocols for the Web are intended to increase user security by reducing the proliferation of passwords that users are expected to remember and use on a day to day basis, however these protocols are vulnerable to recent attacks against TLS that allow attackers to extract session cookies and other such authentication tokens from within TLS sessions. A recent technique, TLS-OBC (origin bound certificates), allows these tokens to be hardened against extraction. This paper describes the design and engineering of OBC-based extensions to federated login protocols. We present two OBC-based variants on the popular Persona federated login protocol, formalizing them with BAN logic and using the automated proof checker from the related Nexus Authentication Logic. We also present a proof of concept implementation, exploring the necessary browser extensions and server support.
India and Military Power Projection: Will the Land of Gandhi Become a Conventional Great Power?

All three branches of the Indian armed forces have recently articulated the need to operate beyond the country's immediate borders. While the Indian military is highly unlikely to achieve its more ambitious power projection objectives in the medium term, the conventional wisdom that India's traditional foreign-policy orientation precludes military power projection is untenable, especially for an aspiring regional hegemon.
Pupil Cycle Time in Optic Nerve Compression

We measured pupil cycle time before and after treatment in 11 patients with compressive optic nerve disease. Nine patients had chiasmal tumors and two had optic neuropathy of Grave's disease. Pupil cycle time before treatment was abnormal in at least one eye of all patients and in each case, pupil cycle time improved or worsened in accordance with the response to treatment of the patient's visual acuity and visual fields. This suggests that the pupil cycle time may be used as a simple objective office test for following up patients with impaired optic nerve conduction as the result of optic nerve compression. This information is similar to that gained from visual evoked response and may be used together with other objective clinical data such as disk pallor, nerve fiber loss, and relative afferent pupillary defect.
The search for the membrane thyroid hormone receptor.

the 2009 solomon berson award lecture was delivered by Paul Davis, Director of the Ordway Research Institute in Albany, New York. In his invited review ([5][1]), which appears in this issue of the Journal, Dr. Davis presents a compelling argument for the identity of the membrane thyroid hormone
A Perspective of Polyphosphazene Research

The development of polyphosphazene science and technology is traced from its beginnings in the 1960’s to the present day, with a focus on synthesis methods, model compound research, and evolving studies in biomedicine, photonics, energy storage and generation, and aerospace materials. Emphasis is placed on understanding the relationship between molecular structure and properties and drawing lessons from this research that may apply to the challenges of the future.
Centrifugal Distortion in Asymmetric Top Molecules. III. H 2 O, D 2 O, and HDO

Structural and potential constants obtained from infrared data are used with the theory of vibration-rotation interaction to obtain rotational and distortion parameters for the molecules ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O, and HDO; transition frequencies calculated using these parameters are compared with those observed in the microwave region, and, in the case of HDO $Q$-branch lines, a simple relation between the two sets is obtained. The validity of approximation theories as applied to HDO $Q$-branch transitions is discussed. Methods of analyzing the observed spectrum of HDO are described, and so-called "observed" parameters for this molecule are obtained; the rotational constants are found to be $a=7.0396\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ Mc/sec, $b=2.7360\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ Mc/sec, $c=1.9186\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ Mc/sec, $\ensuremath{\kappa}=\ensuremath{-}0.6841\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0002$.
GestureNet: A Common Sense Approach to Physical Activity Similarity

Generalizing knowledge about physical movement often requires significant amounts of data capture. Despite the large effort to collect and process activity examples, these systems can still fail to classify movements due to many reasons. Our system, called GestureNet, uses a very small dataset of activity templates to get useful query results for a generalized set of movements. Thus, many more movement profiles can be generated for activity recognition systems and gesture synthesis algorithms. We demonstrate a system that is able to support a larger set of computer animations based on a small set of base animations. A user can input any motion word recognized by GestureNet, and the system will respond with the closest animation match. GestureNet will also describe the degree to which the new activity is similar to the template profiles. One example is if the user inputs "baseball," the system will show the animation for Run. The commonsense database associates baseball with jogging, which is a type of running. Although the example gesture matrix is small, we demonstrate that our techniques can extend the system to describe variations of these activities (e.g. sitting and squatting) which are not currently represented. We can expect that this solution will be useful in application domains where sensor data capture and activity profiles are costly to acquire (e.g. activity classification, animations and visualisations).
Different Neuropeptides are Expressed in Different Functional Subsets of Cholinergic Excitatory Motorneurons in the Nematode Ascaris suum

Neuropeptides are known to have dramatic effects on neurons and synapses; however, despite extensive studies of the motorneurons in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum, their peptide content had not yet been described. We determined the peptide content of single excitatory motorneurons by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. There are two subsets of ventral cord excitatory motorneurons, each with neuromuscular output either anterior or posterior to their cell body, mediating forward or backward locomotion, respectively. Strikingly, the two sets of neurons contain different neuropeptides, with AF9 and six novel peptides (As-NLP-21.1–6) in anterior projectors, and the six afp-1 peptides in addition to AF2 in posterior projectors. In situ hybridization confirmed the expression of these peptides, validating the integrity of the dissection technique. This work identifies new components of the functional behavioral circuit, as well as potential targets for antiparasitic drug development.
Reductive dehalogenation of halomethanes in iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments. 1. Reactivity pattern analysis.

The incorporation of reductive transformations into environmental fate models requires the characterization of natural reductants in sediments and aquifer materials. For this purpose, reactivity patterns (range and relative order of reactivity) for a series of 14 halogenated methanes were measured in iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments and two representative model systems: adsorbed Fe(II)/goethite [Fe(II)ads/α-FeOOH] and iron sulfide (FeS). Both Fe(II)ads and FeS are naturally occurring reductants. The strong similarity in reactivity patterns between the iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments suggests that the two share a common reductant despite their different chemical compositions (i.e., the sulfate-reducing sediment contained FeS). An orthogonal regression analysis of the halomethane transformation rate data in the sediment and model systems supports the assumption that a common mechanism for halomethane transformation exists between the sediments and the Fe(II)ads/α-FeOOH system and further corrobora...
A note on the length of the black-white border

Abstract Two simple models of racial prejudice and household location predict that the black area in a city will be of the shape that minimizes the length of the black-white border. This note provides a way to test these models by showing, for a variety of assumptions about urban structure, that in a city with a population more than about 10% black, the black-white border will be shorter if the black area is wedge-shaped than if it is circular.
Proteomic profiling of human liver biopsies: hepatitis C virus-induced fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Liver biopsies from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients offer the unique opportunity to study human liver biology and disease in vivo. However, the low protein yields associated with these small samples present a significant challenge for proteomic analysis. In this study we describe the application of an ultrasensitive proteomics platform for performing robust quantitative proteomic studies on microgram amounts of HCV-infected human liver tissue from 15 patients at different stages of fibrosis. A high-quality liver protein database containing 5,920 unique protein identifications supported high throughput quantitative studies using 16O/18O stable isotope labeling in combination with the accurate mass and time (AMT) tag approach. A total of 1,641 liver biopsy proteins were quantified, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified 210 proteins exhibiting statistically significant differences associated with fibrosis stage. Hierarchical clustering showed that biopsies representative of later fibrosis stages (for example, Batts-Ludwig stages 3–4) exhibited a distinct protein expression profile, indicating an apparent down-regulation of many proteins when compared with samples from earlier fibrosis stages (for example, Batts-Ludwig stages 0–2). Functional analysis of these signature proteins suggests that impairment of key mitochondrial processes including fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, and response to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species occurs during advanced stage 3 to 4 fibrosis. Conclusion: The results reported here represent a significant advancement in clinical proteomics providing to our knowledge, the first demonstration of global proteomic alterations accompanying liver disease progression in patients chronically infected with HCV. Our findings contribute to a generally emerging theme associating oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction with HCV pathogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Standard Sub-Thermoneutral Caging Temperature Influences Radiosensitivity of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

The production of new blood cells relies on a hierarchical network of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). To maintain lifelong hematopoiesis, HSPCs must be protected from ionizing radiation or other cytotoxic agents. For many years, murine models have been a valuable source of information regarding factors that either enhance or reduce the survival of HSPCs after exposure of marrow to ionizing radiation. In a recent series of studies, however, it has become clear that housing-related factors such as the cool room temperature required for laboratory mice can exert a surprising influence on the outcome of experiments. Here we report that the mild, but chronic cold-stress endured by mice housed under these conditions exerts a protective effect on HSPCs after both non-lethal and lethal doses of total body irradiation (TBI). Alleviation of this cold-stress by housing mice at a thermoneutral temperature (30°C) resulted in significantly greater baseline radiosensitivity to a lethal dose of TBI with more HSPCs from mice housed at thermoneutral temperature undergoing apoptosis following non-lethal TBI. Cold-stressed mice have elevated levels of norepinephrine, a key molecule of the sympathetic nervous system that binds to β-adrenergic receptors. We show that blocking this signaling pathway in vivo through use of the β-blocker propanolol completely mitigates the protective effect of cold-stress on HSPC apoptosis. Collectively this study demonstrates that chronic stress endured by the standard housing conditions of laboratory mice increases the resistance of HSPCs to TBI-induced apoptosis through a mechanism that depends upon β-adrenergic signaling. Since β-blockers are commonly prescribed to a wide variety of patients, this information could be important when predicting the clinical impact of HSPC sensitivity to TBI.
A new proof of Brooks's chromatic number theorem for graphs

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to present one more proof of a theorem due to Brooks [1, 2, 3].
Re-emergence of Pigeon Fever (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis) Infection in Texas Horses: Epidemiologic Investigation of Laboratory-Diagnosed Cases

Abstract In recent years, Texas has seen a dramatic increase in the number of clinical cases of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (pigeon fever) infection in horses. Equine pigeon fever cases at Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (TVMDL) were analyzed with the objectives of investigating the spatiotemporal distribution and seasonal and annual trends of pigeon fever infection in horses in Texas between 2005 and 2011 and identifying high-risk areas and create a risk map for pigeon fever in horses in Texas. The study population consisted of horses culture-positive for C. pseudotuberculosis between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011 at TVMDL. The Poisson model of scan statistics was fitted to identify disease clusters. Empirical Bayesian smoothing was performed with the crude incidence estimates, followed by the geostatistical method of kriging to delineate high-risk areas. Cases increased 10-fold between 2005 and 2011. The annual cumulative incidence ranged from 9.3 to 99.5 per 100,000 horses at risk. Two seasonal peaks in the number of cases were observed in June and in December. Scan statistics identified a primary cluster in central Texas in 2011 ( P