cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing images using color coherence vectors

Color histograms are used to compare images in many applications. Their advantages are efficiency, and insensitivity to small changes in camera viewpoint. However, color histograms lack spatial information, so images with very different appearances can have similar histograms. For example, a picture of fall foliage might contain a large number of scattered red pixels; this could have a similar color histogram to a picture with a single large red object. We describe a histogram-based method for comparing images that incorporates spatial information. We classify each pixel in a given color bucket as either coherent or incoherent, based on whether or not it is part of a large similarly-colored region. A color coherence vector (CCV) stores the number of coherent versus incoherent pixels with each color. By separating coherent pixels from incoherent pixels, CCV’s provide finer distinctions than color histograms. CCV’s can be computed at over 5 images per second on a standard workstation. A database with 15,000 images can be queried for the images with the most similar CCV’s in under 2 seconds. We show that CCV’s can give superior results to color his∗To whom correspondence should be addressed tograms for image retrieval.
Statistical Significance and Replicability Why the Former Does not Presage the Latter

In spite of arguments to the contrary, psychologists, it is shown here, believe statistical significance (SS) signifies that a finding will replicate. The most visible argument that SS is not an index of replicability, one that is based in notions of Bayesian statistical inference, is considered and shown to be flawed. Two different arguments are presented that demonstrate the irrelevance of SS to replicability: (a) SS may not be taken as a sign of the truth of the research hypothesis; and (b) statistical significance tests do not generate verifiable predictions of replication attempts. Direct tests of replicability and effect-size measures of replicability are shown to have comparable problems. A solution to the replicability problem is proposed for atheoretical research that replaces `once-and-for-all' tests of replicability with the requirement that the treatment effect be demonstrable (a) in the individual, (b) on a continuing basis, and (c) in a way that is clearly discernible. The question of the ro...
ON THE SOLUTION OF CERTAIN EQUATIONS WITH EXPONENT SUM 0 OVER Z2

Let G be a finite group. A Corollary of a result of Gerstenhaber and Rothaus [3] states that all equations in one variable over G with exponent sum nonzero are solvable over G. Lyndon [6] studied equations in one variable with exponent sum zero over Zm. He showed that there was a relatively simple equation with no solution over Z2. In this paper we will initiate a study of equations with exponent sum zero over Z2. In particular we will show whether or not certain equations, which are generalizations of the equation studied by Lyndon, have solutions over Z2. We are grateful to the referee whose suggestion for the case when p<0<q both simplified and generalized our original result. This paper constitutes part of the theses of the first and third named authors.
A high-performance, low-power complementary coupled BiCMOS circuit

Reported is a new complementary technique of full-swing BiCMOS circuit design which, though employs a p-n-p, allows the use of n-p-n-only drivers. The simulated results of this new circuit compare favorably among several representative BiCMOS circuits.
Silicon-micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope

We describe a miniature scanning confocal optical microscope constructed from components micromachined using silicon and fused silica. The design, fabrication, and characterization of the components of the microscope as well as the assembly of the system are described. Sample images acquired using the instrument are also presented.
Bureaucratic Encounters— An Evaluation of Government Services:

The authors have evaluated government services in terms of bureaucratic encounters-the service-seeking transactions reported by 1,431 American adults. Reactions to such transactions are discussed a...
The Succession after Kumāragupta I

Most dynastic lists of the Gupta kings state that Kumāragupta I was succeeded by Skandagupta. However, it is widely accepted that Skandagupta did not accede to the throne peacefully. Nor is it certain that the succession was immediate, since there is a gap between the known dates of Kumāragupta's and Skandagupta's reigns. This paper is concerned with the events following the death of Kumāragupta, using numismatic evidence as the primary source, and inscriptional and other epigraphic evidence as further support. Some of the numismatic evidence is new, and even the evidence that is not new has so far received little attention in the literature on the succession after Kumāragupta. Questions are raised about one particular theory that is presently enjoying some currency, that Skandagupta was challenged primarily by his uncle Ghaṭotkacagupta. Some other possible scenarios for the political events in the period after the death of Kumāragupta I will then be proposed and analyzed.
Firing characteristics of a low-jitter miniature laser-triggered vacuum switch

A miniature laser-triggered high-voltage vacuum switch with a fused KCl and Ni cathode is discussed. The switch uses metal-ceramic construction with a sapphire window in the anode to allow the laser beam to strike the cathode surface. Reliable triggering is achieved with only 20 mu J of laser energy. The switch was operated with a gap voltage ranging from 500 V to 3 kV, with switching currents up to a 5 kA peak. Switch life greater than 1000 shots without performance degradation has been observed on 50 prototype devices. The function time of the switch varies from 10+or-1 ns at 3 kV to 100+or-50 ns at 500 V. >
Reirradiation of head and neck cancer with high-dose-rate brachytherapy: a customizable intraluminal solution for postoperative treatment of tracheal mucosa recurrence.

Abstract Purpose Delivering adequate dose to tracheal mucosa recurrence after multiple prior courses of surgery and radiation presented a challenge for radiation delivery. Tumor bed location and size, combined with previous doses to surrounding areas, complicated the use of external beam therapy with either photons or electrons. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy was explored to provide sufficient dose coverage. Methods and Materials A 45-year-old gentleman presented with recurrent head and neck cancer. After undergoing additional excision of gross tumor in the tracheal region, radiation was recommended to improve local control. The region of residual tumor was confined to a small superficial lesion at the posterior–superior aspect of the trachea, involving mucosa located along the bend of the trachea, immediately deep to the stoma. External beam treatment was discussed but was not recommended based on recurrence location in the prior radiation field and patient’s flexed chin position. HDR technique with a custom applicator was preferred. Results A three-dimensional HDR plan based on computed tomography used a single catheter optimized to cover gross tumor volume as delineated by physician. Prescribed dose was 5 Gy/fraction for six fractions (two fractions/wk). The applicator position was verified daily with computed tomography and physician setup approval before treatment. The patient was positioned on a wing board to allow access to the stoma. HDR brachytherapy was well tolerated. Conclusions Intraluminal HDR brachytherapy is a viable option for providing dose to region inside tracheal stoma. Advantages over photon and electron beam therapy include reduced dose to surrounding tissues previously irradiated, skin dose, and reproducibility of treatment delivery.
Pushing The Limit to Achieve NiTi SMA Actuating Members that are Dimensionally Stable and have High Transformation Temperatures

In binary NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA), the highest martensite (M) and austenite (A) transformation temperatures (TT) occur in the annealed condition. The highest TT also occur in near equiatomic NiTi alloys that have an excess of Ti. However, the NiTi alloy composition and condition that have the highest TT produce actuating elements that are generally short lived, have poor mechanical properties, and plastically deform (creep) under low stress levels. Cold working the SMA followed by a memory imparting stress relieving heat treatment (HT) produces actuating elements that are long lived, have good mechanical properties, and are resistant to creep under moderate stress levels. However, in obtaining these desirable properties through thermal-mechanical processing, the M and A TT are significantly decreased, which limits the upper ambient temperature in which the actuating element can operate. A dimensionally stable actuating member with high TT can be achieved by thermal cycling (under stress) a NiTi SMA wire that has received prior thermal-mechanical processing. Cycling under an applied axial stress can increase the M TT of a SMA wire. Data showing the influence of thermal cycling on the TT of axially stressed SMA wires, that were cold drawn followed by HT at different memory imparting temperatures, are presented and discussed. For a NiTi SMA wire (A finish TT = 111 °C in the annealed condition) having approximately 40% cold reduction in area, 400°C for 1 hour memory imparting HT, and 10 Ksi axial stress, the M start TT (Ms) and A finish TT (Af) increase from 26°C and 79°C respectively after 10 thermal transformation cycles to 62°C and 83.5°C respectively after 10,000 thermal transformation cycles.
Determination of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Stool Ultrafiltrate and Urine

A new method is reported for determining total shortchain fatty acids in stool water and urine. The method uses ion-exchange resins to remove interfering substances, and determines these acids by direct titration. Lactic acid, if present, is determined along with the short-chain (C1-C6) organic acids. Interferences such as carbonate, phosphate, creatinine, bile acids, and uric acid are removed by the ion-exchange treatment. Values obtained by this simplified technique correlate very well with those by gas-chromatographic analyses of the same sample, and the method represents a significant improvement over the Van Slyke technique.
Identification of hydrolytic metabolites of dyfonate in alkaline aqueous solutions by using high performance liquid chromatography – UV detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Organophosphorus compounds, becoming the most commonly used pesticides in agriculture, are garnering more interest to be environment and health issues associated with their usage. These compounds run-off into surface water and leach into groundwater supplies where they have been detected. Dyfonate is commonly applied to the soil as an insecticide for the control of variety of insects. However, critical information on the transformation of dyfonate into its hydrolytic byproducts during water treatment is lacking, even though they have been used in the field for a long time. In this study, dyfonate hydrolysis at elevated pH levels, simulating a water treatment operation or similar process, was investigated. Dyfonate, an organophosphorus insecticide used to treat infestations primarily on corn, was investigated due to its greater rate of hydrolysis observed during our screening studies. The hydrolysis of dyfonate was investigated at pH 10, 11, and 12 in phosphate buffered water over the course of 7 days. Two...
Addressing employer personnel needs and improving employment training, job placement and retention for individuals with disabilities through public-private partnerships

As social and economic forces impact business practices, the significance of delivering effective employer-driven, employment services (i.e., demand-side model) to facilitate employment and retention for individuals who have not traditionally benefited from labor force participation is of increased importance. The purpose of this paper is to provide descriptions of two public-private partnerships (Manpower, Incorporated and Community Rehabilitation Programs; Project Search), that currently operate a market-driven or demand-side model in an effort to increase the labor force participation and job retention of persons with disabilities. Factors that increase employers' interest in collaborating with rehabilitation providers and critical components of effective partnerships are discussed.
Conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed, Sierra Nevada, CA

This study examines the development of a conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed; and we hypothesize how components of the conceptual model may be spatially distributed using a geographical information system (GIS). The conceptual model illustrates key processes controlling sediment dynamics in the upper Yuba River watershed and was tested and revised using field measurements, aerial photography, and low elevation videography. Field reconnaissance included mass wasting and channel storage inventories, assessment of annual channel change in upland tributaries, and evaluation of the relative importance of sediment sources and transport processes. Hillslope erosion rates throughout the study area are relatively low when compared to more rapidly eroding landscapes such as the Pacific Northwest and notable hillslope sediment sources include highly erodible andesitic mudflows, serpentinized ultramafics, and unvegetated hydraulic mine pits. Mass wasting dominates surface erosion on the hillslopes; however, erosion of stored channel sediment is the primary contributor to annual sediment yield. We used GIS to spatially distribute the components of the conceptual model and created hillslope erosion potential and channel storage models. The GIS models exemplify the conceptual model in that landscapes with low potential evapotranspiration, sparse vegetation, steep slopes, erodible geology and soils, and high road densities display the greatest hillslope erosion potential and channel storage increases with increasing stream order. In-channel storage in upland tributaries impacted by hydraulic mining is an exception. Reworking of stored hydraulic mining sediment in low-order tributaries continues to elevate upper Yuba River sediment yields. Finally, we propose that spatially distributing the components of a conceptual model in a GIS framework provides a guide for developing more detailed sediment budgets or numerical models making it an inexpensive way to develop a roadmap for understanding sediment dynamics at a watershed scale. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Dynamic circuits for ternary computation in carbon nanotube based field effect transistors

As we continue downscaling devices, a number of nanoscale materials have been proposed as replacements for Silicon based devices. Carbon nanotubes have attracted widespread attention and numerous researchers have shown that digital circuits can be created using the field-effect properties of these nanoscale devices. This work investigates the design of multi-valued computation in carbon nanotube based field effect transistor (CNTFET). Using a Complete Model technique, we show that dynamic ternary logic can be implemented in CNTFET devices and that the delay and power-consumption of this approach is much lower compared to previous multi-valued implementations.
Warlordism in Comparative Perspective

Warlordism creates significant problems in failed states: it impedes the development of stable and secure societies, thwarts economic growth, and creates new threats to international security. Through a comparative study of four seemingly disparate cases—medieval Europe, Republican China, and Somalia and Afghanistan in the mid-2000s—it is possible to develop an inductive, generalizable definition of warlordism. Warlordism emerges when armed men seize small slices of territory in disintegrating states for their own benefit, using charisma and patronage ties to cement their local authority, and disrupting commerce and investment through their fragmentary rule. Two causal factors were necessary for the demise of warlordism in medieval Europe and Republican China: the presence of a powerful and aggrieved economic interest group, and the appearance of a transformative idea from outside the existing system that supported the interest group's actions. If this same causal relationship holds true today, then warlo...
Mössbauer Parameters Describing Several Intermetallic Phases in Tin-Containing Solders *

We report here on the Mossbauer parameters of two intermetallic phases expected to be present in composite solders: the Cu9Sn3Ni phase present in some forms of eutectic Sn-Pb solders and the Ag-Sn (ζ) phase which may be present in lead-free solders containing appreciable amounts of silver. Both samples were prepared by mechanical alloying techniques. Our results show that the isomer shift of the Ag-Sn ζ phase is + 2.13 mm/sec relative to SnO2 and the phase has a room-temperature recoilless fraction that is 36% of that of SnO2. The results for Cu9Sn3Ni are an isomer shift of + 1.78 mm/sec and a recoilless fraction 58 % of that of SnO2. nt]mis|1 This work is supported in part by the US Army, Harry Diamond Laboratories under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between UMBC and Army-HDL.
Root System Architecture in Arabidopsis Grown in Culture Is Regulated by Sucrose Uptake in the Aerial Tissues

This article presents a detailed model for the regulation of lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown in culture. We demonstrate that direct contact between the aerial tissues and sucrose in the growth media is necessary and sufficient to promote emergence of lateral root primordia from the parent root. Mild osmotic stress is perceived by the root, which then sends an abscisic acid-dependent signal that causes a decrease in the permeability of aerial tissues; this reduces uptake of sucrose from the culture media, which leads to a repression of lateral root formation. Osmotic repression of lateral root formation in culture can be overcome by mutations that cause the cuticle of a plant's aerial tissues to become more permeable. Indeed, we report here that the previously described lateral root development2 mutant overcomes osmotic repression of lateral root formation because of a point mutation in Long Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase2, a gene essential for cutin biosynthesis. Together, our findings (1) impact the interpretation of experiments that use Arabidopsis grown in culture to study root system architecture; (2) identify sucrose as an unexpected regulator of lateral root formation; (3) demonstrate mechanisms by which roots communicate information to aerial tissues and receive information in turn; and (4) provide insights into the regulatory pathways that allow plants to be developmentally plastic while preserving the essential balance between aboveground and belowground organs.
Pharmacodynamics of Tamoxifen and Its 4-Hydroxy and N-Desmethyl Metabolites: Activation of Caspases and Induction of Apoptosis in Rat Mammary Tumors and in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

The antiestrogen tamoxifen (TAM) is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P-450 in humans and rodents. The active, estrogen receptor-binding metabolites, 4-hydroxy TAM (OHT) and N-desmethyl TAM (DMT) have been well characterized. We showed that the s.c. injection of 1 mg/kg TAM in adult female Sprague Dawley rats bearing carcinogen-induced mammary tumors resulted in rapid serum decline of parent TAM but higher exposure of the metabolites, OHT and DMT. We found for the first time that the administration of TAM for a short time resulted in a delayed induction of caspase activity and apoptosis within the mammary tumors. When TAM, OHT, or DMT was added to human breast cancer cell lines in culture, each elicited a time- and dose-dependent induction of caspase activity, preceding apoptosis. Importantly, pretreatment of the cells with a pharmacological inhibitor of caspases [benzyloxy Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (z-VAD-fmk)] blocked apoptosis induced by all three of the compounds, implicating a critical role of caspases in TAM-, OHT-, or DMT-induced apoptosis. The results obtained from these studies suggest that one possible mechanism of inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis and tumor growth in vivo may be the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis, and that the metabolites OHT and DMT may contribute to the antitumor effect of TAM.
The social network-network: size is predicted by brain structure and function in the amygdala and paralimbic regions

The social brain hypothesis proposes that the large size of the primate neocortex evolved to support complex and demanding social interactions. Accordingly, recent studies have reported correlations between the size of an individuals social network and the density of gray matter (GM) in regi ons of the brain implicated in social cognition. However, the reported relationships between GM density and social group size are somewhat inconsistent with studies reporting correlations in different brain regions. One factor that might account for these discrepancies is the use of different measures of 10 social network size (SNS). This study used several measures of SNS to assess the relationships SNS and GM density. The second goal of this study was to test the relationship between social network measures and functional brain activity. Participants performed a social closeness task using photos of their friends and unknown people. Across the VBM and functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses, individual differences in SNS were consistently related to structural and functional differences in three regions: the left amygdala, right amygdala and the right entorhinal/ventral anterior temporal cortex.
Receiving antenna design for ground penetrating tomographic imaging

In this paper, method to develop antennas for "RF geotomography" (RFG) systems is proposed. RFG offers a promising new approach to acquire 3D images of below ground objects, to detect the presence of tunnels or cavities, and to explore for sinkholes and natural resources. This paper addresses the problem of designing a suitable HF receiver for a RFG system. Design procedure for HF antennas is also provided. Also, this paper concludes ferrite core loop antennas are the best choice for receiver systems.
Searching For Lost Decades in U.S and Global Equities

This paper estimates the probability of a “lost decade” where equity investments lose value over a ten year period. The findings are a reminder that equity investments are risky even over longer time periods, and investors should take this into consideration when making portfolio choices. It also introduces a simple method to allow the reader to combine beliefs about long run stock returns along with computer simulated return distributions. Finally, the results for the U.S. are augmented with international data which strengthen the case for long horizon risk.
Multiplexed hydrogel microparticle suspension arrays for facile ribosomal RNA integrity assays

Reliable RNA integrity assay is important for a wide range of applications in genomics and diagnostics, yet the existing technologies have certain limitations such as large amount of sample required, high cost of equipment and/or long turnaround times. We report a simple assay method to analyze bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from complex total RNA samples utilizing shape-encoded and single-stranded DNA-conjugated hydrogel microparticle suspension arrays with no need for target amplification and under standard fluorescence imaging conditions. We show that our simple microparticle-based sensing scheme is reliable, sequence-specific and presents a responsive binding behavior to target RNA concentrations. Moreover, the relative stability of 16S and 23S rRNA can be assessed in a simple shape encoding-based multiplexed format. Combined, these findings represent a significant step toward cheap, fast, simple, and reliable assays for the analysis of rRNA and general RNA integrity.
Scanning electron microscopy of chronically implanted intracortical microelectrode arrays in non-human primates

Objective. Signal attenuation is a major problem facing intracortical sensors for chronic neuroprosthetic applications. Many studies suggest that failure is due to gliosis around the electrode tips, however, mechanical and material causes of failure are often overlooked. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to progressive signal decline by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize structural changes in chronically implanted arrays and histology to examine the tissue response at corresponding implant sites. Approach. We examined eight chronically implanted intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) explanted from non-human primates at times ranging from 37 to 1051 days post-implant. We used SEM, in vivo neural recordings, and histology (GFAP, Iba-1, NeuN). Three MEAs that were never implanted were also imaged as controls. Main results. SEM revealed progressive corrosion of the platinum electrode tips and changes to the underlying silicon. The parylene insulation was prone to cracking and delamination, and in some instances the silicone elastomer also delaminated from the edges of the MEA. Substantial tissue encapsulation was observed and was often seen growing into defects in the platinum and parylene. These material defects became more common as the time in vivo increased. Histology at 37 and 1051 days post-implant showed gliosis, disruption of normal cortical architecture with minimal neuronal loss, and high Iba-1 reactivity, especially within the arachnoid and dura. Electrode tracts were either absent or barely visible in the cortex at 1051 days, but were seen in the fibrotic encapsulation material suggesting that the MEAs were lifted out of the brain. Neural recordings showed a progressive drop in impedance, signal amplitude, and viable channels over time. Significance. These results provide evidence that signal loss in MEAs is truly multifactorial. Gliosis occurs in the first few months after implantation but does not prevent useful recordings for several years. Progressive meningeal fibrosis encapsulates and lifts MEAs out of the cortex while ongoing foreign body reactions lead to progressive degradation of the materials. Long-term impedance drops are due to the corrosion of platinum, cracking and delamination of parylene, and delamination of silicone elastomer. Oxygen radicals released by cells of the immune system likely mediate the degradation of these materials. Future MEA designs must address these problems through more durable insulation materials, more inert electrode alloys, and pharmacologic suppression of fibroblasts and leukocytes.
Comparison of Friedman and Gates Competitive Bidding Models

The Gates-Friedman controversy is reviewed. An example of the application of each probability assessment model is presented. Monte Carlo simulation procedures used to evaluate the effectiveness of both models when applied to a contractor's 3-yr bidding history are described. The following conclusions are made: (1)Friedman's model always gives a lower optimal bid and a smaller probability of winning at optimality than does Gates'; (2)on the average, Friedman's model results in slightly hgher long-range profits than does Gates' but it obtains almost twice as much work; and (3)on the average, the relative frequency of successful bids corresponds more closely to the probability of winning at optimality found by the Gates model than by the Friedman model.
Investigation of the Safety of a Ship Propulsion System by Monte Carlo Technique

The simulation model of safety/risk to investigate ship’s systems, taking into consideration their usage and maintenance process, is presented in the paper. The study of a ship’s propulsion system is presented and discussed as the example of safety/risk analysis in the area of sea going ships. The numerical simulation methods have been used there. The emphasis in the following paper is laid on the presentation of the analysis over the safety/risk and reliability of system. It may be useful for ship’s design.
Cardiac tamponade in hypothyroidism

Pericardial effusion in overt hypothyroidism is common (incidence 3–6%), but cardiac tamponade and pretamponade as a presentation in newly diagnosed hypothyroidism is rare. For patients diagnosed with cardiac tamponade without sinus tachycardia, hypothyroidism should be suspected.1 Evaluation of hypothyroidism is often overlooked during the initial evaluation of patients at risk for this uncommon disease.2 We present a 46-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension, treated with amlodipine, who presented to the emergency department with worsening symptoms of pedal oedema and fatigue. She was seen by her primary care physician a few weeks prior to this admission for bilateral leg …
Suppression of Nuisance Aquatic Midges with a Urea Insect Growth Regulator

Formulations of Bay SIR-8514 [1-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-(2)-chlorobenzoyl)urea] were evaluated in shallow golf course ponds against nuisance aquatic midges. The WP formulation, applied at the rates of 0.11 and 0.28 kg/ha. inhibited adult emergence of species of Tanytarsus, Chironomus , and Procladius for 2 weeks. Bay SIR-8514 granules applied at these two rates effectively suppressed adult eclosion of these midge species for up to 4 weeks after treatment. No difference was found in the duration of control for the two treatment rates. Both formulations showed good activity in reducing midge larval densities.
Abstract 2937: The LKB1-STRADα axis regulates vimentin to control cancer cell metastasis

Lung cancer remains the most lethal form of cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have a 5-year survival rate of only 15-25%. Metastasis is the major cause of death in nearly all cancer cases. Therefore, determining which genes are altered during cancer invasion and the functional consequences of their alteration will broaden our understanding of metastatic disease and unveil novel targets for anti-metastatic therapies. The pleiotropic tumor suppressor LKB1 is mutated in ∼30% of NSCLC cases and is the third most frequently mutated gene in lung adenocarcinoma. Originally recognized as a regulator of the energy stress pathway and cell cycle signaling, we and others have identified LKB1 and its activating co-factor STRADα as regulators of the lung cancer cell polarity program through the small Rho GTPase cdc42 and its downstream binding partner p21-activated kinase (PAK). We expand these studies and investigate the LKB1-STRADα pathway during the transition from cell polarity to cell motility. We show that when a cancer cell becomes motile, STRADα re-localizes to associate with vimentin intermediate filaments in a motility-dependent manner. Vimentin is specifically overexpressed in invasive human tumors, which also correlates with metastatic disease, poor prognosis, and reduced patient survival. To dissect the mechanistic basis of this observation, we tested the hypothesis that STRADα regulates vimentin function to oversee cancer cell motility. STRADα loss results in aberrant lamellipodia formation, uncoordinated movement, and vimentin bundling. Conversely, STRADα overexpression disassembles the vimentin network with no apparent effect on cell survival. A phospho-proteomic screen in isogenic NSCLC cell lines showed that out of 580 possible proteins the cdc42 GEF, VAV2, demonstrated the greatest loss in phosphorylation upon vimentin depletion. Western blot analysis confirmed that vimentin-depletion decreased phosphorylation of VAV2 at residue Y-142. Dual overexpression of LKB1 and STRADα enhances VAV2 phosphorylation in vimentin-positive cells but not in vimentin-depleted cells. These findings suggest a cell polarity-motility program whereby LKB1-STRADα initiates cell polarity through cdc42-PAK, then STRADα re-localizes to the vimentin cytoskeleton to oversee vimentin dynamics. LKB1-STRADα also regulates VAV2 phosphorylation through vimentin signaling. These results link the LKB1-STRADα tumor suppressor pathway to the lung cancer cell polarity and motility programs, and explain how defects in the LKB1-STRADα alter lung cancer invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2937. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2937
Cyanide Scavenging by a Cobalt Schiff-Base Macrocycle: A Cost-Effective Alternative to Corrinoids.

The complex of cobalt(II) with the ligand 2,12-dimethyl-3,7,11,17-tetraazabicyclo-[11.3.1]heptadeca-1(17)2,11,13,15-pentaene (CoN4[11.3.1]) has been shown to bind two molecules of cyanide in a cooperative fashion with an association constant of 2.7 (±0.2) × 105. In vivo, irrespective of whether it is initially administered as the Co(II) or Co(III) cation, EPR spectroscopic measurements on blood samples show that at physiological levels of reductant (principally ascorbate) CoN4[11.3.1] becomes quantitatively reduced to the Co(II) form. However, following addition of sodium cyanide, a dicyano Co(III) species is formed, both in blood and in buffered aqueous solution at neutral pH. In keeping with other cobalt-containing cyanide-scavenging macrocycles like cobinamide and cobalt(III) meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine, we found that CoN4[11.3.1] exhibits rapid oxygen turnover in the presence of the physiological reductant ascorbate. This behavior could potentially render CoN4[11.3.1] cytotoxic and/or interf...
Research on rat density and integrated management for rat control

Objective To lessen the harm of rats in Linyi urban district,ensure sanitation and hygiene,enhance people's life standard and assure people's health.Methods Night trap method was used to supervise rat's density,taking synthetic measures for prevention and control.Results From 2004 to 2006,the positive rates of rat's powder mark were 2.20%,1.90% and 0.90% respectively.Rat's density in Linyi urban district was below the standard of the National Committee of Patriotic Health Campaign. Conclusion In Linyi urban district,the harm of rats could be effectively alleviated by making a good supervision of rat density and synthetic measures for prevention and control.
Metabolic enhancement of myocardial preservation during cardioplegic arrest.

An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the relative efficacy of oxygenated versus unoxygenated cardioplegic solutions and to determine if the addition of certain metabolically active substrates to cardioplegic solutions had any effect on myocardial preservation. Sixty-one pigs were divided into seven groups of animals (5 to 15 animals per group). The impact of different cardioplegic vehicles, i.e., crystalloid versus the oxygen-carrying vehicles, blood and Fluosol-DA, on preservation of high-energy phosphates (adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate) was examined in the first three animal groups. The influence of Krebs cycle intermediates, i.e., glutamate, malate, succinate and fumarate, on adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate preservation was evaluated in the other four animal groups. All hearts underwent 120 minutes of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest at 15 degrees C followed by 60 minutes of normothermic reperfusion. Higher adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate levels were maintained during arrest when oxygenated solutions were used as the cardioplegic vehicle and when any of the four intermediates were added to the crystalloid cardioplegic solution, especially succinate and fumarate. During reperfusion, however, adenosine triphosphate levels were uniformly lower than control whereas creatine phosphate levels rose to either control levels or higher in all groups. No significant intergroup difference could be identified during reperfusion. These findings lead to the conclusion that the presence of either oxygen or certain Krebs cycle intermediates enhances the protective effect of hyperkalemic hypothermic cardioplegia on high-energy phosphates during the arrest period only. This enhancement is not maintained during the reperfusion period.
Evidence that muscarinic cholinergic receptors selectively interact with either the cyclic AMP or the inositol phosphate second-messenger response systems

The relative capacities of muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MR) and bradykinin (BK)-receptor activation to increase phosphoinositide hydrolysis and to increase cytosolic Ca2+ were compared in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma and 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. In 1321N1 cells, the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol and BK each stimulated a concentration-dependent accumulation of inositol phosphates (K0.5 approximately 10 microM and approximately 10 nM respectively) and a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2+ as determined by quin2 fluorescence. In NG108-15 cells, BK alone stimulated a pertussis-toxin-insensitive accumulation of inositol phosphates (K0.5 approximately 10 nM) under conditions in which pertussis toxin completely inhibited MR-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase. BK also stimulated a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in NG108-15 cells. In contrast, no MR-mediated increase in phosphoinositide hydrolysis or change in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was observed in NG108-15 cells. These results support the idea that MR selectively interact with either the cyclic AMP or the inositol phosphate second-messenger systems.
GROWTH FACTORS AND WOUND HEALING IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY

An immense amount of knowledge has been gained over the last decade in the realm of polypeptide growth factors. Only recently has this new information made an impact in otolaryngology. This article is a brief overview of peptide growth factors in relation to wound healing and otolaryngology.
The strong freshwater anomaly during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño

The strong freshwater anomaly in the equatorial Pacific is investigated during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Nino using oceanic observational data sets and atmospheric reanalyzes. The 2015 salinity patterns are marked by a large equatorial freshwater anomaly whose extensive spatial and large amplitude characteristics have not previously been captured in the 2004–2014 Argo record. As the main contributors of the freshwater budget, zonal advection and surface forcing have similar amplitude but with maxima located at different longitudes around the dateline. The comparison of the substantial rainfall and westerly winds observed in 2015 with the 2009 and 1997 El Nino onset years shows that 2015 characteristics combine both typical salinity-related patterns of Central and Eastern Pacific El Ninos. Dynamically, this large freshwater anomaly causes a positive steric height anomaly in the western Pacific and increases eastward surface acceleration at the SSS front due to the zonal pressure gradient.
Integrating analytical hierarchy process and regression for assessing construction organizations’ performance

AbstractThis study proposes a new organization performance assessment model to assist in identifying areas with potential improvements, thus leading to better performance. The model is based on the integration of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The goal of this research is to design a comprehensive performance assessment model through identifying and ranking a set of critical success factors (CSFs). The research findings indicate that the CSFs in construction organizations have different priorities and weights according to different functional units. Four assessment models are developed to reflect the different perspectives of four functional units in construction organizations. The validation results of the models range from 88 to 85%. The models will benefit organizations in assessing their performance according to the different individuals’ perspectives.
Prevention of chemotherapy-induced vomiting in children receiving multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy: A hospital-based, retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Optimal prevention of chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV) has not been established for patients receiving cisplatin in divided doses. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and risk factors of CIV in children who received multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy. PROCEDURE A total of 24 consecutive pediatric patients (age 0-19 years) who received multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy in our hospital were enrolled. Patients with relapsed disease or primary intracranial tumor and those who received concurrent radiation therapy were excluded. The number of chemotherapy cycles reviewed was 107, with a median of five per patient. All patients received granisetron. Dexamethasone and NK-1 receptor antagonists (NK1RA) were used as additional antiemetics for prophylaxis of CIV. RESULTS CIV was observed in 22 of 24 (92%) patients, and 61 of 107 (57%) cycles. Patients who developed CIV had a higher incidence of other chemotherapy-related adverse events (87 vs. 41%, P < 0.001). The incidence of CIV was lower in patients administered with NK1RA than those without (32 vs. 68%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified age less than or equal to 2 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.10-0.63) and administration of NK1RA (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.06-0.43) as independent factors for CIV. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NK1RA is crucial to reduce CIV in children who receive multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy.
Gate tie-down construct in the 22FDX technology: a silicon-based method for layout optimization

In order to allow competitive and low-cost designs in the 22nm FD-SOI technology 22FDX™, novel Middle-of-Line (MOL) constructs have been specifically enabled. The Gate Tie-Down (or “continuous RX”) construct allows an optimal device performance without loss of area. A method for a silicon-based evaluation and optimization of the Gate Tie-Down construct is presented here. We discuss the main design-process failure modes, their severity and the risk mitigation options. A full-factorial Design of Experiment used for the construct validation is presented and analyzed. Two critical failure modes are isolated and discussed. As a final step, the optimized design is validated over a much larger number of occurrences, showing a robust 4-sigma manufacturing design margin.
Introduction: Scalia on Education Law, Philosophy, and Pedagogy

Contributors to this collection explore the application of Scalia’s textualism and originalism to education law and reflect upon Scalia’s teachings and his pedagogy. Education law may seem to be an odd vehicle for considering Scalia’s constitutional approach, but thinking about schools requires attention to political fundamentals—freedom of speech, free exercise of religion, equality of opportunity, federalism, and the proper role of the expert.
Nicotine Increases Activation to Anticipatory Valence Cues in Anterior Insula and Striatum.

Introduction Smoking is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the neurobiology of the rewarding effects of nicotine promises to aid treatment development for nicotine dependence. Through its actions on mesolimbic dopaminergic systems, nicotine engenders enhanced responses to drug-related cues signaling rewards, a mechanism hypothesized to underlie the development and maintenance of nicotine addiction. Methods We evaluated the effects of acute nicotine on neural responses to anticipatory cues signaling (nondrug) monetary reward or loss among 11 nonsmokers who had no prior history of tobacco smoking. In a double-blind, crossover design, participants completed study procedures while wearing nicotine or placebo patches at least 1 week apart. In each drug condition, participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the monetary incentive delay task and performed a probabilistic monetary reward task, probing reward responsiveness as measured by response bias toward a more frequently rewarded stimulus. Results Nicotine administration was associated with enhanced activation, compared with placebo, of right fronto-anterior insular cortex and striatal regions in response to cues predicting possible rewards or losses and to dorsal anterior cingulate for rewards. Response bias toward rewarded stimuli correlated positively with insular activation to anticipatory cues. Conclusion Nicotinic enhancement of monetary reward-related brain activation in the insula and striatum in nonsmokers dissociated acute effects of nicotine from effects on reward processing due to chronic smoking. Reward responsiveness predicted a greater nicotinic effect on insular activation to salient stimuli. Implications Previous research demonstrates that nicotine enhances anticipatory responses to rewards in regions targeted by midbrain dopaminergic systems. The current study provides evidence that nicotine also enhances responses to rewards and losses in the anterior insula. A previous study found enhanced insular activation to rewards and losses in smokers and ex-smokers, a finding that could be due to nicotine sensitization or factors related to current or past smoking. Our finding of enhanced anterior insula response after acute administration of nicotine in nonsmokers provides support for nicotine-induced sensitization of insular response to rewards and losses.
Introduction to Symposium on Law, Ethics, and Affirmative Action in America

This article discusses the language of the opinion in Grutter v. Bollinger. The rhetoric and language that we use to address race is difficult, if not tortured. The article explains why Grutter should have been an easy case and a simple opinion, and the ways in which the final opinion was anything but simple.
Successful blind digital intubation with a bougie introducer in a patient with an unexpected difficult airway.

A critical aspect of providing safe general anesthesia is the preoperative assessment of the patient's airway. Adequate ventilation and oxygenation are essential for the well-being of the patient. Numerous assessment tools and airway management algorithms have been published to help the anesthesia provider make safe decisions and protect the patient (1–6). Despite careful evaluation of the airway preoperatively, the provider can be presented with an unanticipated difficult airway to manage. Therefore, after induction of anesthesia and before a paralytic muscle relaxant medication is administered and a potential “point of no return” has been reached, the prudent practitioner again assesses the airway. The airway is tested to ensure that bag-mask ventilation (BMV) is easily attainable before a muscle relaxant is administered. If it is not possible to utilize BMV, the patient is awakened and a secure airway obtained under local anesthesia and sedation with the patient breathing spontaneously. This case report describes a patient who presented with minimal indicators of a difficult intubation and good BMV after induction of anesthesia. Difficulties were then encountered. Many maneuvers have been described to obtain a successful intubation of the trachea in this situation (7). This report describes another novel technique that might be applied.
Coaching efficacy, moral disengagement, and responses to hostile aggression among high school coaches:

This mixed-methods study examined the association between high school sport coaches’ moral disengagement and their perceived coaching efficacy, and began to explore coaches’ justifications of and c...
Regular Maximal Monotone Operators

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a class of maximal monotone operators on Banach spaces that contains all maximal monotone operators on reflexive spaces, all subdifferential operators of proper, lsc, convex functions, and, more generally, all maximal monotone operators that verify the simplest possible sum theorem. Dually strongly maximal monotone operators are also contained in this class. We shall prove that if T is an operator in this class, then $$\overline {{\text{dom(}}T{\text{)}}} $$ (the norm closure of its domain) is convex, the interior of co(dom(T)) (the convex hull of the domain of T) is exactly the set of all points of $$\overline {{\text{dom(}}T{\text{)}}} $$ at which T is locally bounded, and T is maximal monotone locally, as well as other results.