cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Cold Shock Response of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Mutational Analysis of Its Classical Cold Shock Proteins

This study presents a global transcriptional analysis of the cold shock response of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 after a temperature downshift from 30°C to 8 or 15°C based on time series microarray experiments. More than 700 genes were found to be significantly affected ( P ≤ 0.05) upon cold shock challenge, especially at 8°C. The temporal gene expression patterns of the classical cold shock genes varied, and only some of them, most notably so1648 and so2787, were differentially regulated in response to a temperature downshift. The global response of S. oneidensis to cold shock was also characterized by the up-regulation of genes encoding membrane proteins, DNA metabolism and translation apparatus components, metabolic proteins, regulatory proteins, and hypothetical proteins. Most of the metabolic proteins affected are involved in catalytic processes that generate NADH or NADPH. Mutational analyses confirmed that the small cold shock proteins, So1648 and So2787, are involved in the cold shock response of S. oneidensis . The analyses also indicated that So1648 may function only at very low temperatures.
Implementation of a Hydraulic Routing Model for Dendritic Networks with Offline Coupling to a Distributed Hydrological Model

AbstractThe authors present a new set of tools for solving the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations (1D-SVEs) of flow transport throughout dendritic river networks. The numerical solver is integrated with a set of geoprocessing tools, which include automatic cross-section selection, river bathymetry extraction, and a selection of model parameters, that facilitate the implementation of the 1D-SVE simulation setup. In addition, geographic information systems (GIS)–based preprocessing tools are developed to provide a seamless coupling of the hydraulic model to a hydrological model, which provides estimates of surface and subsurface runoff from hill slopes and performs routing in river networks using simplified ordinary differential equations. The hill slope runoff and streamflow generated by CUENCAS are redistributed as lateral inflows to the channels modeled by the 1D-SVE hydraulic model. The coupling of the hydraulic and hydrologic (H-H) models enables the validation of the hydrological model at internal...
Sensitivity of freedom spaces during flexure stage design via FACT

Abstract The theoretical kinematic design of flexure stages using exact constraint methods is well known. These methods, however, do not take into account practical design considerations such as non-ideal constraint behavior. It is shown via a case study that the freedom space of a one degree-of-freedom (DOF) translation stage is extremely sensitive to both the arrangement and the elastomechanic behavior of the flexural constraints. The results of the case study show that certain combinations of constraint properties and layout yield a 1-DOF system that is more accurately modeled as a 3-DOF system. A non-dimensional constraint quality metric, CQ , is introduced in this paper to help classify the system in the case study as a 1-DOF system, a 3-DOF system, or a combination thereof. This paper is a first step in showing how practical design considerations may negatively influence the kinematics of systems that were previously assumed to have been designed “correctly” using exact constraint methods.
Social Exchange Theory: Premises and Prospects

An exchange perspective places the study of international relations in a framework of negotiation. Central to this perspective are issues of equivalence (fairness) and contingency (responsiveness). The challenge for international actors is to define a precise medium for exchange. The more precise the medium, the less likely actors will misperceive each other's moves. But, the more precise the medium (as in quid-pro-quos) the less likely will actors explore their relationships. The function of exchange processes for regulating relationships is contrasted to problem-solving processes that can lead to changed (and improved) relationships. These issues are discussed in relation to the articles in this issue. Among the themes emphasized by the authors are the idea of calculating actors, the universality of the reciprocity norm, and alternative conceptions of exchange processes. Several conceptual and operational dilemmas for exchange analysis are discussed followed by an agenda of twelve topics for further research.
Pregnancy outcome after maternal poisoning with brodifacoum, a long-acting warfarin-like rodenticide.

Background Brodifacoum is a potent warfarin-like anticoagulant used in many rat-poisoning products. Its availability has led to several reported human ingestions, none previously reported in pregnancy. Case A woman presented at 22 weeks' gestation in hemorrhagic diathesis, attributed to the ingestion of rat poison containing brodifacoum several days earlier. Aggressive vitamin K therapy controlled the maternal coagulopathy, and no fetal hemorrhage was observed by sonography. Her subsequent prenatal course and delivery were unremarkable, and she was delivered of a healthy infant, who has remained well for at least 1 year. Conclusion In this patient, brodifacoum ingestion in pregnancy caused substantial maternal hemorrhage, but no fetal hemorrhage or teratogenic effects were observed.
The major fibrous sheath polypeptide of mouse sperm: structural and functional similarities to the A-kinase anchoring proteins

The accessory structures (fibrous sheath and outer dense fibers) of the mouse sperm flagellum are composed of a heterogeneous array of polypeptides, including a prominent 82,000 M(r) fibrous sheath protein (p82). Using an antiserum against p82, indirect immunofluorescence showed specific reactivity to the entire length of the principal piece of the tail, indicating that p82 was localized to the fibrous sheath. Immunoblot analysis showed that while p82 was present in whole sperm and was highly enriched in the tail fraction, it was not detected in extracts of round and condensing spermatids, the developmental period when the fibrous sheath is assembled. Rather, a band of approximately 97,000 M(r) was recognized in these cells, suggesting that p82 was synthesized as a precursor. A full-length cDNA clone was isolated from a mouse mixed germ cell cDNA expression library following screening with anti-p82. A comparison of amino acid sequences from tryptic peptides and the N-terminus of purified p82 and the deduced amino acid sequence from the clone confirmed that this clone encoded p82. The sequence predicted that p82 has a molecular weight of approximately 72,000 and was synthesized as a precursor of approximately 92,000 M(r). Interestingly, while p82 was a unique spermatid-specific polypeptide, it has regional homologies to those domains within the A-Kinase Anchoring Protein group of polypeptides that are responsible for anchoring protein kinase A (PK-A) to the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, p82 specifically bound the regulatory subunit of PK-A when examined by a ligand blotting assay. These results suggest that p82 acts as a scaffolding protein for the subcellular localization of regulatory proteins in the flagellum.
Maternal Responsivity Predicts the Prelinguistic Communication Intervention That Facilitates Generalized Intentional Communication

Family systems theory posits that the relative effectiveness of early interventions will vary depending on various aspects of the family. This study tested whether maternal responsivity would predict the extent to which Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching (PMT) facilitated generalized intentional communication better than a contrast treatment that was conducted in a small group by a responsive adult (i.e., Responsive Small Group, RSG). Fifty-eight children with developmental disabilities in the prelinguistic communication period of development were randomly assigned to one of the two staff-implemented treatment groups. Thirty were assigned to RSG; 28 were assigned to PMT. Mothers were kept naive to the intervention methods, hypotheses, and measures. In families with mothers who responded to a high percentage of the children's communication acts at the pre-treatment period, the children in the PMT group used more frequent intentional communication in post-treatment generalization sessions with a trainer and moth...
Magnetism and epitaxy in Lu/Dy/Lu trilayers

Thin dysprosium c‐axis films (40–400 A) were grown coherently between 500‐A lutetium layers by molecular beam epitaxy. Bulk magnetization measurements show that these sandwich structures order magnetically at TN≂178 K (=TN of elemental Dy) and undergo ferromagnetic transitions at temperatures which range from 100 K (400 A Dy) to 175 K (40 A Dy), significantly enhanced from the bulk TC=85 K. The Dy basal plane lattice parameters in the films were determined by room‐temperature x‐ray diffraction. We observe a change in these values that correlates with the rise in TC, which suggests that this rise is due to epitaxial strain. The relatively small low‐temperature magnetic susceptibility displayed by these samples indicates the presence of a large anisotropy in the basal plane. We address both the issues of the susceptibility and the high ferromagnetic transition temperature.
PERT Completion Times Revisited

Two sources of PERT completion time bias are well documented in the literature: near critical paths turning critical during execution and misspecified activity time probability models. Although simulation is clearly the most appropriate method for assessing project duration, most introductory discussions touch on these issues and move quickly to standard approximations, implying that PERT offers useful, if only approximate, project duration estimates. This paper uses simulation to illustrate the nature and extent of PERT approximation errors in simple examples from two excellent texts. The examples raise serious questions about the utility of PERT project duration estimates and suggest opportunities for improvement in introductory PERT instruction.
The number of generators for an ideal and its dual in a numerical semigroup

Let S be the numerical semigroup generated by , where the si are positive integers with . Let I be a relative ideal of S Then the dual of I is . Let μ· denote the size of a minimal generating set. A question motivated by the study of torsion in tensor products is under what conditions on S and I do we have the strict inequality μ(I + (S – I)) < μ(I)μ(S –I) Specifically, what is the smallest multiplicity of S, that is, the smallest value of s1 for which equality can hold for some non-principal relative ideal I. We will examine this question in the case μ(I) = μ(S – I) = 2 and see that the smallest multiplicity is ten.
Panic disorder associated with mitral valve prolapse: psychosomatic implications.

Findings of the second part of the clinical study initiated in 1982 are presented. Both aimed to determine possible clinical differences among panic disorder, agoraphobia with panic attacks and mitral
Impact parameter description of multiparticle and elastic scattering

Abstract Impact parameter variables are defined for a multiparticle production process. The equation of unitarity for elastic scattering is written at high energy in terms of these variables. The overall impact parameter can be expressed in terms of the impact parameters of all the produced particles. The unitarity equation becomes an “optical theorem” at each impact parameter — diffractive scattering is given by beam depletion. These features allow this technique to give a much clearer interpretation of unitarity in any model than has therefore been possible. This technique can be used to study existing models, and to suggest new ones.
Propagation Models for Multi-hop Wireless Networks in Ns-2 Simulator

Due to the high cost of wireless network test beds, most of initial research work in this field depends on different network simulation tools to verify their effectiveness. Among those simulators, Ns-2 is one of the most widely used one. In this paper, we described different radio propagation models implemented in Ns-2 simulator in detail and applied two-ray ground propagation and rice an fading model to evaluate the effectiveness of current routing metrics, such as Shortest Path metric(HOP), Expected Transmission Count(ETX), Expected Transmission Time (ETT) and Interference-aware Expected Transmission Time metric(iETT). We verified that iETT metric outperforms other routing metrics in terms of network throughput and average packet delays.
Eyeblink conditioning in the developing rabbit.

Eyeblink classical conditioning in pre-weanling rabbits was examined in the present study. Using a custom lightweight headpiece and restrainer, New Zealand white littermates were trained once daily in 400 ms delay eyeblink classical conditioning from postnatal days (PD) 17-21 or PD 24-28. These ages were chosen because eyeblink conditioning emerges gradually over PD 17-24 in rats [Stanton et al., (1992) Behavioral Neuroscience, 106(4):657-665], another altricial species with neurodevelopmental features similar to those of rabbits. Consistent with well-established findings in rats, rabbits trained from PD 24-28 showed greater conditioning relative to littermates trained from PD 17-21. Both age groups displayed poor retention of eyeblink conditioning at retraining 1 month after acquisition. These findings are the first to demonstrate eyeblink conditioning in the developing rabbit. With further characterization of optimal conditioning parameters, this preparation may have applications to neurodevelopmental disease models as well as research exploring the ontogeny of memory.
Patterns of childhood mortality and growth status in a rural Zapotec community

SummaryInfant and childhood mortality (birth to 14 years), and growth status of 143 schoolchildren (5 to 14 years) are considered for a rural, Zapotec-speaking community (population, 1703) in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Mortality statistics are based on civil records from 1945 to 1970. Growth status is based on weight and height for age, and weight for height. In the Zapotec community, about 59% of all deaths occur in children under 15 years of age; thus, a considerable percentage of individuals die before reaching reproductive age. Children under 5 years of age, however, account for approximately 54% of all deaths, and mortality in children 1 to 4 years of age is especially high (27% of all deaths). The latter figure suggests chronic malnutrition, frequent disease and generally poor circumstances in the community. This suggestion is supported in the heights and weights of schoolchildren, survivors of the rigorous selection processes of the pre-school years. The majority of children are below the 5th ce...
A programmable information system for management and analysis of aquatic species range data in California

The decline of species worldwide is both alarming and difficult to document due to a lack of reliable information on the geospatial extent and corresponding status of a given taxon. Freshwater habitats are disproportionately degraded globally with resultant declines in populations in freshwater fishes and subsequent retractions in biogeographic ranges. Conservation challenges in freshwater are compounded because aquatic taxa are inherently difficult to map. We addressed this problem for California freshwater fishes by developing the software and underlying database. The software consists of a Python program, database, and suite of tools using ESRI ArcGIS scripting interfaces to translate species range data into an electronic record set of occurrences housed in Microsoft Access. The system was designed to capture, store, map, and report on the spatial and temporal dynamics of targeted species by using standard spatial units as primary indexing objects to meet current natural resource management objectives. However, the software not only tracks the provenance of underlying empirical records through space and time, but also is robust to inferential modeling results and expert knowledge, which allows for future empirical discovery and validation. After importing and standardizing 274,555 records from 154 data layers, we found that most existing records are highly concentrated spatially, representing only 39% of the mapping domain. We also determined that most empirical records are skewed toward recreational fisheries, with few records documenting the range of native species found in California. Future biogeographic mapping efforts will be aided by the baseline data and updated range maps contained in the database. Although the system is currently used for the inventory and mapping of native freshwater fish species in California, the underlying informatics framework is agnostic to biological taxonomy or spatial realm allowing other to adapt the computer code and database for their own needs.
Automatic monitoring of the infusion system in a rotary heart assist device

A fault detection algorithm was designed to monitor the infusion system of a ventricular assist device (AB-180 Circulatory Support System [AB-180 CSS], CardiacAssist, Inc.). This algorithm measures the infusion pressure, calculates the pressure derivative, and then compares to the preset thresholds to detect leaks and kinks in the infusion line, abnormal infusion rate, and infusion pump stoppage. The thresholds were identified from an experiment simulating the possible fault conditions of the infusion system. The algorithm was implemented in a data acquisition system and verified by using different pumps and controllers.
Fault tolerant topologies for fiber optic networks and computer interconnects operating in the severe avionics environment

The history of fiber optics technology development for naval aircraft is reviewed, and the current status of network and fly-by-light flight control development is examined. Fiber-optic component selection for aircraft is addressed, covering the fiber and cables, optical sources, couplers, and connectors. Novel fault-tolerant network topologies for both analog and digital fiber optic transmission, which will permit both packet- and circuit-switched operation of robust fiber optic networks are discussed. The application of smart skin technology, i.e. fibers embedded in composite materials, to optical computer backplanes is briefly considered. >
Structural Insight into the Mechanism of Double-Stranded RNA Processing by Ribonuclease III

Members of the ribonuclease III (RNase III) family are double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific endoribonucleases characterized by a signature motif in their active centers and a two-base 3' overhang in their products. While Dicer, which produces small interfering RNAs, is currently the focus of intense interest, the structurally simpler bacterial RNase III serves as a paradigm for the entire family. Here, we present the crystal structure of an RNase III-product complex, the first catalytic complex observed for the family. A 7 residue linker within the protein facilitates induced fit in protein-RNA recognition. A pattern of protein-RNA interactions, defined by four RNA binding motifs in RNase III and three protein-interacting boxes in dsRNA, is responsible for substrate specificity, while conserved amino acid residues and divalent cations are responsible for scissile-bond cleavage. The structure reveals a wealth of information about the mechanism of RNA hydrolysis that can be extrapolated to other RNase III family members.
Thin-film Li-LiMn 2 O 4 batteries

Thin-film rechargeable Li-LiMn 2 O 4 batteries have been fabricated and characterized. Following deposition by electron beam evaporation of LiMn 2 O 4 , the amorphous as-deposited cathode films 1 cm 2 in area by 0.3to 4-μm thick were annealed at 700/spl deg/C to 800/spl deg/C in oxygen in order to form the crystalline spinet phase. The specific capacity of the cells between 4.5 V to 3.8 V ranged from 50 μAh/mg to 120 μAh/mg. When cycled over this range, the batteries exhibited excellent secondary performance with capacity losses as low as 0.001% per cycle. On charging to 5.3 V, a plateau with a median voltage of 5.1 V was observed. The total charge extracted between 3.8 V to 5.3 V corresponded to about 1 Li/Mn 2 O 4 .
How Do Students Participate in Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Discussions

The purpose of the study was to investigate how graduate students (n = 14) participated in on-line discussions over a two-week period to determine the utility of synchronous and asynchronous modes of discussion. The types and amounts of communication statements that participants made in chats and threaded discussions were analyzed using a coding scheme developed by the researchers. Students were randomly assigned to either a small group chat or threaded discussion during one week. In the second week, the groups switched discussion modes and another topic question was provided. The researchers coded the transcribed discussions to determine whether the students' participation was substantive (directly related to the topic) or non-substantive (not directly related to the content) in nature. Results indicated that overall students' discussions included nine types of substantive and non-substantive comments. However, the participants when in the chat showed greater numbers of responding and reacting statements...
Arteriovenous Fistula of the Breast

Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the result of communication occurring between an artery andan adjacent vein. The etiology of an arterio-venous fistula can be either acquired or congenital in nature. They may occur anywhere in the body where arteries and veins are in proximity to each other. This case report involves an iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula discovered by sonographic examination in a female breast. Because of the potential for complications, which may occur with arteriovenous fistulae, it is important to investigate and supervene when patients are suspected of having these lesions.
Measurement of myocardial glycogen synthesis in diabetic and fasted rats

Diabetes and fasting provoke an increase in heart glycogen content, despite a decline in the amount of active glycogen synthase present. To determine if the activity of glycogen synthase i is still rate limiting for glycogen synthesis, we used 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance to measure the in vivo rate of glycogen synthesis and compared this with the activity of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase measured in tissue extracts using physiological concentrations of substrates and activators. In the basal state the activity of glycogen synthase i was depressed in the diabetic and fasted hearts (P less than 0.01). The rate of heart glycogen synthesis was measured during a 50-min infusion of D-[1-13C]-glucose (10 mg/min) and insulin (1 U/min) and averaged 0.32 +/- 0.04 mumol.min-1.g wet wt-1 in controls and was diminished in both the diabetic (0.18 +/- 0.04 mumol.min-1.g wet wt-1) and fasted (0.16 +/- 0.03 mumol.min-1.g wet wt-1) and fasted (0.16 +/- 0.03 mumol.min-1.g wet wt-1) rats (P less than 0.05 for each). During the glucose and insulin infusion the average activity of glycogen synthase i was greater in control than diabetic or fasted hearts (P less than 0.01 for each) and approximated the rates of net glycogen synthesis in each group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in phosphorylase alpha activity, measured in tissue extracts, among the three groups. Furthermore, although this phosphorylase alpha activity greatly exceeded synthase activity, it did not appear to be expressed in vivo. We conclude that in normal, diabetic, and fasted rats, glycogen synthase is rate limiting for glycogen synthesis.
Enhanced Antibody Responses to an HIV-1 Membrane-Proximal External Region Antigen in Mice Reconstituted with Cultured Lymphocytes

We have shown that the protective HIV-1 Ab, 2F5, avidly reacts with a conserved mammalian self-Ag, kynureninase, and that the development of B cells specific for the 2F5 epitope is constrained by immunological tolerance. These observations suggest that the capacity to mount Ab responses to the 2F5 epitope is mitigated by tolerance, but such capacity may be latent in the pretolerance and/or anergic B cell pools. In this study, we use B cell tetramer reagents to track the frequencies of B cells that recognize the HIV-1 2F5 epitope (SP62): in C57BL/6 mice, SP62-binding transitional B cells are readily identified in bone marrow but are lost during subsequent development. Unsurprisingly then, immunization with SP62 immunogen does not elicit significant humoral responses in normal C57BL/6 mice. Reconstitution of Rag1(null) mice with normal congenic B cells that have matured in vitro restores the capacity to mount significant serum Ab and germinal center responses to this HIV-1 epitope. These B cell cultures are permissive for the development of autoreactive B cells and support the development of SP62-specific B cell compartments normally lost in 2F5 Ab knockin mice. The recovery of humoral responses to the 2F5/SP62 epitope of HIV-1 by reconstitution with B cells containing forbidden, autoreactive clones provides direct evidence that normal C57BL/6 mice latently possess the capacity to generate humoral responses to a conserved, neutralizing HIV-1 epitope.
Evolution of ruminant headgear: a review

The horns, ossicones and antlers of ruminants are familiar and diverse examples of cranial appendages. We collectively term ruminant cranial appendages ‘headgear’; this includes four extant forms: antlers (in cervids), horns (in bovids), pronghorns (in pronghorn antelope) and ossicones (in giraffids). Headgear evolution remains an open and intriguing question because phylogenies (molecular and morphological), adult headgear structure and headgear development (where data are available) all suggest different pictures of ruminant evolution. We discuss what is known about the evolution of headgear, including the evidence motivating previous hypotheses of single versus multiple origins, and the implications of recent phylogenetic revisions for these hypotheses. Inclusion of developmental data is critical for progress on the question of headgear evolution, and we synthesize the scattered literature on this front. The areas most in need of attention are early development in general; pronghorn and ossicone development in particular; and histological study of fossil forms of headgear. An integrative study of headgear development and evolution may have ramifications beyond the fields of systematics and evolution. Researchers in organismal biology, as well as those in biomedical fields investigating skin, bone and regenerative medicine, may all benefit from insights produced by this line of research.
Integrating simulation and optimization: an application in fish processing industry

Integration of optimization and simulation modeling can be used to aid industrial decision-making. A decision aid for coordinating fishing (trawler operations on the sea) and fish processing at on-shore plants is described. The system combines a simulation model with a linear programming (LP) optimization model. The simulation model analyzes trawler operations, including catch generation, length of fishing trips, and trawler landings. The LP model uses simulation output to model and analyze plant operations.
Treatment of intermediate bladder carcinoma

Abstract Six patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of Grades II to III, stage A to B, were treated with transurethral resection and also open fulguration. At a later date total cystectomy was done, and on serial sections it was found that in all 6 cases there were residual tumor cells either in the submucosa or in the lymphatic channels. I t was concluded that in the intermediate transitional cell carcinomas, fulguration and transurethral resection probably are not sufficient treatment.
A convenient orthogonally cleavable methionine handle for anchoring amines to polymeric supports.

Methionine has been used to anchor amines to polymeric supports for solid-phase synthesis. Either a “preformed handle” or a stepwise elongation strategy was followed. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) treatment then released amines into solution. CNBr reaction variables were evaluated in order to converge to optimal cleavage conditions, and the strategy was shown to be effective for a range of primary and secondary amines, but not for aromatic amines.
The supravital method in the study of the cytology of blood and marrow cells.

1. Dependable results with supravital staining can be obtained only with apochromatic objectives, compensating oculars, an achromatic condenser, controlled illumination and a transparent daylight filter on the light source. 2. Proper technic is of the utmost importance in making supravital slides. 3. Pinacyanol is preferable to Janus green as a mitochondrial stain. 4. Supravital preparations should be studied in a darkened room to increase the apparent brilliance of the staining. 5. More accurate counts of the number of lobes in the nucleus of neutrophils can be made with the supravital method than from dried stained smears. 6. Myelocytes C in supravital preparations correspond to the myelocytes seen on dried smears, while myelocytes B are the promyelocytes. 7. Myelocyte A has been redefined. The neutrophil granules of these cells do not as a rule stain on dried smears, and these cells are therefore classed as myeloblasts or leukoblasts in the latter type of preparation. They are peroxidase-negative. 8. Myeloblasts may or may not contain neutral red vacuoles, and may or may not contain a rosette. 9. Supravital staining is a good technic for the identification of monocytes from human blood and marrow, and is the method of choice for the study of macrophages. 10. Supravital preparations of the peripheral blood of severe cases of erythroblastosis foetalis show all transition stages between monocytes and macrophages, and there is no reason for regarding these cells as separate types. 11. Lymphocytes contain many more neutral red vacuoles than have been previously described. 12. The lymphocyte of infectious mononucleosis has a characteristic appearance, and can be used as a means of diagnosis. 13. Qualitative changes do not always occur in the lymphocytes of acute lymphatic leukemia. 14. Myeloma cells have a characteristic appearance in supravital preparations. 15. Sarcoma cells in the peripheral blood are more variable in appearance than had been supposed. 16. The precipitation of neutral red in the cytoplasm is a quantitative staining reaction and is not specific for the earliest stages in red cell formation. 17. The appearance of the developing red cells in supravital preparations is described. 18. The megaloblastic line of developing red cells which is present in pernicious anemia cannot be distinguished in supravital preparations from the normoblastic line found in normal marrow or in marrow after hemorrhage or hemolysis. 19. The supravital method therefore cannot be used for diagnostic work involving erythropoiesis. 20. There is no evidence of any kind indicating that a maturation arrest occurs in pernicious anemia. 21. Cells intermediate between pronormoblasts and myeloblasts are occasionally seen in supravital preparations. 22. Differential counts can be made from supravital slides just as accurately as from dried stained smears, and if many fragile cells are present, more accurately. 23. The cytology of the developing blood cells as seen in supravital preparations would support a monophyletic view of hematopoiesis just as well as the polyphyletic theory.
In Sickness and in Health: The Effect of Mate Availability on Intra-Household Bargaining Power

In this paper I specify a marriage market matching model to analyze the impact of the availability of healthy mates on intra-household bargaining power. The main prediction of the model is that provided that frail men marry, an increase in the relative scarcity of healthy women enhances wives' bargaining power, to the detriment of their husbands'. To empirically test the hypothesis, I rely on the prediction of the collective model that bargaining power and labor supply are inversely related. Using Census and CPS data for year 2000, I construct a sex ratio type measure of mate availability at the metropolitan level and estimate labor supplies for white married couples. Disability status is used to describe the gender distribution of healthy and frail populations. I find that higher relative scarcity of healthy women in the couple's metropolitan area significantly reduces wives' labor supply and increases their husbands'. Furthermore, I find a stronger impact for staggered-age couples. The health ratio has no significant effect on the labor supply of unmarried individuals.
Adams, Inc.: Fur Industry Merger Exercise

The set of four cases composing the Fur Industry Merger Exercise affords the opportunity for a merger negotiation among students. Three potential buyers (Adams, Jindo [UVA-F-0962], and Lessard [UVA-F-0963]) compete for two potential sellers (Adams and Gallery of Furs [UVA-F-0965]). The cases give detailed financial forecasts for the target firms that are unique to each party. The forecasts form the basis for valuation of the target companies. The merger opportunities are prompted by major competitive changes in the worldwide fur-garment industry and by adverse changes in demand in U.S. fur retailing. The exercise affords insights into the challenges of cross-border acquisitions. Adams is the largest retailer of fur garments in the United States. Publicly, it appears to be a healthy company, but private information reveals a serious erosion in its business. The current turmoil in the industry provides Adams an opportunity either to buy its next largest competitor (Gallery of Furs) or sell to one of two fur-garment producers (Jindo or Lessard). The "Adams" case may be used on a stand-alone basis to illustrate aspects of corporate valuation in a merger setting.
Computational discovery of gene modules, regulatory networks and expression programs

High-throughput molecular data are revolutionizing biology by providing massive amounts of information about gene expression and regulation. Such information is applicable both to furthering our understanding of fundamental biology and to developing new diagnostic and treatment approaches for diseases. However, novel mathematical methods are needed for extracting biological knowledge from high-dimensional, complex and noisy data sources. In this thesis, I develop and apply three novel computational approaches for this task. The common theme of these approaches is that they seek to discover meaningful groups of genes, which confer robustness to noise and compress complex information into interpretable models. I first present the GRAM algorithm, which fuses information from genome-wide expression and in vivo transcription factor-DNA binding data to discover regulatory networks of gene modules. I use the GRAM algorithm to discover regulatory networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including rich media, rapamycin, and cell-cycle module networks. I use functional annotation databases, independent biological experiments and DNA-motif information to validate the discovered networks, and to show that they yield new biological insights. Second, I present GeneProgram, a framework based on Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes, which uses large compendia of mammalian expression data to simultaneously organize genes into overlapping programs and tissues into groups to produce maps of expression programs. I demonstrate that GeneProgram outperforms several popular analysis methods, and using mouse and human expression data, show that it automatically constructs a comprehensive, body-wide map of inter-species expression programs. Finally, I present an extension of GeneProgram that models temporal dynamics. I apply the algorithm to a compendium of short time-series gene expression experiments in which human cells were exposed to various infectious agents. I show that discovered expression programs exhibit temporal pattern usage differences corresponding to classes of host cells and infectious agents, and describe several programs that implicate surprising signaling pathways and receptor types in human responses to infection. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Foundational Report Series: Advanced Distribution Management Systems for Grid Modernization

This report describes the application functions for distribution management systems (DMS). The application functions are those surveyed by the IEEE Power and Energy Society’s Task Force on Distribution Management Systems. The description of each DMS application includes functional requirements and the key features and characteristics in current and future deployments, as well as a summary of the major benefits provided by each function to stakeholders — from customers to shareholders. Due consideration is paid to the fact that the realizable benefits of each function may differ by type of utility, whether investor-owned, cooperative, or municipal. This report is sufficient to define the functional requirements of each application for system procurement (request-for-proposal [RFP]) purposes and for developing preliminary high-level use cases for those functions. However, it should not be considered a design document that will enable a vendor or software developer to design and build actual DMS applications.
Percutaneous in Situ Fixation of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), a common cause of adolescent hip pain, is a displacement of the femoral head through the proximal femoral physis. The exact etiology of SCFE is unknown, but both biochemical and biomechanical factors, including obesity, femoral retroversion, increased physeal obliquity, puberty, and endocrinopathies, play a role. Patients often present with hip, groin, or knee pain and an antalgic gait. On physical examination, obligate external rotation of the lower limb with passive hip flexion is a hallmark of SCFE. The diagnosis is confirmed with radiographs, with advanced imaging reserved for atypical presentations. Any degree of SCFE is an indication for internal stabilization. Percutaneous in situ fixation remains the gold-standard treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The procedure is performed with the following steps: (1) the patient is positioned supine on a fracture table with the contralateral lower limb in the hemilithotomy position; (2) a 1-cm longitudinal incision is made over the anterolateral aspect of the proximal part of the femur; (3) under fluoroscopic guidance, a guidewire is advanced freehand into the “center-center” of the epiphysis, stopping approximately 3 mm short of the articular surface; (4) the guidewire is overdrilled, and a 6.5-mm partially threaded cannulated screw of appropriate length is inserted into the epiphysis; (5) the proximal part of the femur is brought through a full range of internal-external rotation under fluoroscopy to confirm that the screw has not violated the joint cavity; and (6) the wound is closed in layers and a sterile dressing is applied. Postoperatively, the patient’s weight-bearing status is advanced on the basis of the stability of the SCFE. Radiographic follow-up is performed at six-month intervals to monitor the contralateral hip until skeletal maturity. Treatment outcomes and complications such as osteonecrosis and chondrolysis correlate with the severity and stability of the slip on presentation. Long-term follow-up has shown good-to-excellent outcomes after in situ screw fixation of stable slips.
When Bricks Matter: Four Arguments for the Sociological Study of Religious Buildings

Sociologists of religion have had much to say about the social structures impacting religious belief and practice but surprisingly little to say about the physical structures that both shape and constrain religious communities of nearly all traditions. In this paper, we present four arguments for the sociological study of religious buildings. Although we rely heavily on social theory to make these arguments, we also draw on empirical evidence from religious buildings in Guatemala and the United States in order to illustrate our arguments regarding the impact of buildings on religious groups and the communities in which they are located. We close with suggestions for research questions that could contribute both to the field of sociology of religion and the wider discipline of sociology. Perhaps more than any other social science, sociology is a discipline that employs the language of structures. We discuss social structures, economic structures, superstructures, and structural inertia to name just a few. Even that most basic term of sociology—“social structure”—gets used in so many vast and varied ways that it is not altogether clear what we mean to say when we use the term. One thing is for certain though. Sociologists rarely mean to use the word “structure” in its most basic, literal sense. When we talk about a structure, we are hardly ever referring to a physical structure. In this article, we examine the influence of religious buildings as we take seriously the call to explore the role of physical and embodied objects as well as materiality in social life and interaction (e.g., Collins 2004; Griswold et al. 2013; Knorr Cetina 1997; Latour 1993; Law and Mol 1995; McDonnell 2010; Pels
Employing Control in Entrepreneurial Actions: An Action-to-Action Model

Extant literature suggests that instead of focusing on predictive information, some entrepreneurs use control-based approaches in the course of the actions and events leading to creation of new ven...
Discrete Bubble Modeling of Unsteady Cavitating Flow

A discrete vapor bubble model is developed to simulate unsteady cavitating flows. In this model, the mixed vapor-liquid mixture is modeled as a system of pure phase domains (vapor and liquid) separated by free interfaces. On the phase boundary, a numerical solution for the phase transition is developed for compressible flows. This model is used to study the effect of cavitation bubbles on atomization, i.e., the breakup of a high-speed jet and spray formation. The major conclusion is that a multiscale (three-scale) model is sufficient to achieve agreement with quantitative macroscale flow parameters, such as spray opening angle and spray volume fraction or density, or as a qualitative measure, the occurrence of spray formation. The authors believe this to be the first numerical study of the atomization process at such a level of detail in modeling of the related physics.
Imagining U.S. Labor Relations without Union Security

Attacks on union finances are intensifying. These assaults, which come in various forms, have the potential to jeopardize the current systems of labor relations in the United States in both private and public sectors. This essay analyzes what might happen if the challenges are successful. Unions may shrink further in size or power, or alternatively, respond to new conditions in ways that strengthen them. Removal of union security might prompt legal change such as elimination of the duty of fair representation, elimination of the system of exclusive representation, or permitting the union to charge nonmembers for actual representation. These changes, if they occur, will be disruptive although they might result in a system more suited to today’s workplace. Regardless of the immediate outcome, it seems certain that labor-management conflict will not be eliminated, though it may be diverted for a time or changed in form.
The impact of social interaction and team member exchange on sport event volunteer management

Abstract In the present study, the authors aim to understand the sport event volunteer experience in the context of social interaction and its effect on volunteers’ team member exchange and future intentions. Sport event volunteers (N = 150) in the Northeast region in the United States participated in the survey. The partial least squares method of structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Results indicate that online social interaction ties significantly affect team member exchange, which in turn, predicts volunteers’ intentions to repeat volunteering and also spread positive word-of-mouth about volunteering experience to potential volunteers. The current research specifically demonstrates that establishing social interaction ties through social media promotes positive team member exchange that further impacts volunteers’ future intentions. The research findings also imply that social media can be a cost-effective volunteer management tool in terms of volunteer recruitment and for relatively smaller sport organizations that are generally confronted with limited resources.
Routing and scheduling of spatio-temporal tasks for optimizing airborne sensor system utilization

Airborne image sensing systems are equipped on piloted or remotely-piloted aerial vehicles to collect imagery data. Often the equipped image sensors are mostly underutilized. The objective is to increase the sensor system utilization by enabling dynamic multitasking so that ground operators can access and transmit sensor task requests to an aerial vehicle. However, this may deviate the original route of an aerial vehicle. In this paper, we will be investigating this new problem of generating a new route to follow, as long as the assigned target points and original waypoints are not affected. Our goal is to find an optimal route on the fly between the given original waypoints such that it satisfies the maximum number of sensor task requests from ground users, of minimum sum of deviations subject to maximum deviation from the original route, without violating the original mission and flight maneuvering constraints. With the given constraints, finding an optimal route is an NP-hard problem. Therefore, we proposed two heuristic-based methods: namely, the FPCA approach that utilizes the idea of footprint diameter, and the SWCA approach that tackles this problem via the use of task clustering. The performance of these algorithms are compared through experiments using data from real flight trajectories. Our results show that SWCA outperforms FPCA in most settings.
Banishment and the Right to Live Where You Want

In thirteen states, those convicted of a sexual crime against children are banned from living within a certain distance of childcentered businesses and buildings. These restrictions are civil, not criminal.1 There are no time limits on these bans, and no provision is made for a review of this status.2 Felons affected by such rules have begun to challenge their legality, without success. They have alleged these laws violate a number of rights, including the right to substantive and procedural due process, the right to marry, protection against ex post facto laws, and the right to have a family, among others.3 The plaintiffs in Doe v Miller4 made a novel and interesting claim: Iowa’s law governing the residency of sex offenders violated their fundamental, substantive, unenumerated right to live where they want.5 Washington v Glucksberg6 directs courts to consider three factors when determining whether such a right exists: “[T]his Nation’s