cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Resilience after a Natural Disaster: An Evaluation of a Parental Psycho-educational Curriculum

AbstractNatural disasters are stressful to individuals, families, and communities on multiple levels. In the aftermath the stress of rebuilding homes and lives can make it difficult for caregivers to adequately support their children and family. Studies have shown that parental mental health and wellbeing is a protective factor against negative psychological sequelae in children. The current study assessed (N = 106) parents who participated in the Journey of Hope workshop after a 6.3 magnitude earthquake occurred in Christchurch New Zealand in February, 2011. Paired Samples T-tests indicate statistically significant gains (p < .05) in knowledge and reductions in stress after the workshop. Parents were more able to identify: (1) social supports in their community, (2) the ability to identify signs of stress and how stress affects their body, (3) how to cope with stress, and (4) a more positive outlook for the future.
The influence of circulatory overload on extraalveolar microvessel endothelium of dog lung in vivo.

Abstract In an earlier study from this laboratory, morphometric evaluations of the alveolar capillary endothelium of the lungs of intact dogs were recorded after periods of sustained increases of pulmonary microvascular pressures ( D. O. DeFouw, W. O. Cua, and F. P. Chinard, 1983 , Microvasc. Res. , 25, 56–67). In the present study ultrastructural characteristics of the extraalveolar microvessel endothelium of these dog lungs were evaluated. Small (25- to 50-μm luminal diameter) nonmuscular vessels, which adjoin the alveolar capillaries, and larger (51–200 μm) partially muscular and muscular microvessels were assessed. After increased microvascular filtration, to be expected from the increased hydrostatic pressures, fluid accumulation was found only in the connective tissue sleeves of the larger microvessels. The endothelium of these partially muscular and muscular vessels was markedly affected by fluid distension of the periendothelial interstitium. The endothelial response included the appearance of basal (abluminal) surface invaginations, de novo plasmalemmal vesicle formation, and increased numbers of cytoplasmic vacuoles. The small nonmuscular microvessels lacked both the fluid cuffs and the alterations of endothelial ultrastructure. This latter observation is consistent with the previous report from this laboratory that indicated an absence of both alveolar septal edema and increased capillary endothelial vesicle densities in these lungs ( DeFouw et al. , 1983 ). Thus, it seems likely that the conformational changes of the endothelium of the larger microvessels were related to the formation of the periendothelial fluid cuffs. The mechanisms responsible for this endothelial response have not been determined but can be explained on the basis of the testable hypothesis that they are secondary to an increase of tissue pressure associated with accumulation of tissue fluid. These changes may thus represent a secondary structural adaptation to the increased tissue pressures and may serve as a potential vesicular-vacuolar pathway across the endothelium.
James Web Space Telescope: supporting multiple ground system transitions in one year

Ideas, requirements, and concepts developed during the very early phases of the mission design often conflict with the reality of a situation once the prime contractors are awarded. This happened for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as well. The high level requirement of a common real-time ground system for both the Integration and Test (I&T), as well as the Operation phase of the mission is meant to reduce the cost and time needed later in the mission development for recertification of databases, command and control systems, scripts, display pages, etc. In the case of JWST, the early Phase A flight software development needed a real-time ground system and database prior to the spacecraft prime contractor being selected. To compound the situation, the very low level requirements for the real-time ground system were not well defined. These two situations caused the initial real-time ground system to be switched out for a system that was previously used by the flight software development team. To meet the high-level requirement, a third ground system was selected based on the prime spacecraft contractor needs and JWST Project decisions. The JWST ground system team has responded to each of these changes successfully. The lessons learned from each transition have not only made each transition smoother, but have also resolved issues earlier in the mission development than what would normally occur.
The role of ubiquitin in autophagy-dependent protein aggregate processing.

The efficient management of misfolded protein aggregates is essential for cell viability and requires 3 interconnected pathways: the molecular chaperone machinery that assists protein folding, the proteasome pathway that degrades misfolded proteins, and the aggresomal pathway that sequesters and delivers toxic protein aggregates to autophagy for clearance. Although autophagy is generally considered as nonselective degradative machinery, growing evidence supports the existence of a selective autophagy that specifically targets protein aggregates for clearance. This “quality control autophagy” is established by specific ubiquitin E3 ligases, autophagic substrate ubiquitination, and specific ubiquitin-binding proteins p62 and HDAC6. In this context, quality control autophagy is similar to the proteasome system and utilizes ubiquitin tags for substrate recognition and processing. Here, I will discuss the recent progress toward understanding the molecular basis of this unique form of ubiquitin-dependent autophagy in protein aggregate clearance and its relevance to disease.
Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing In Semiconductors: Application To Phase Conjugation And To Picosecond-Resolved Studies Of Transient Carrier Dynamics

Semiconductors appear to have excellent potential as materials for phase conjugation via degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) because of the large variety of nonlinear optical mechanisms that may be invoked in them. When the optical wavelength is near or above the band gap, mobile particles such as free electrons and holes or free excitons may be created; in such cases, DFWM itself provides a powerful contact-free and nondestructive technique for the study of carrier transport and decay parameters, such as ambipolar diffusion coefficients and recombination times. In this article, we briefly review the various nonlinear mechanisms that may be used for DFWM, as well as the various DFWM and related "transient grating" experiments that have been performed for application to phase conjugation and to carrier dynamics studies.
The Stigma of Bankruptcy: Spoiled Organizational Image and Its Management

Interview, archival, and observational data from four computer firms were used to develop a theory about how Chapter 11 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code spoils the image of top managers and firms. We...
First estimates of global flaring of natural gas

Abstract Appreciable amounts of the world's energy supply are lost through the flaring of gas, and environmental monitoring requires that quantitative information be avilable. From data reported or estimated for 1968–1971 a regression line was fitted to correlate world-wide gas flaring to crude petroleum production and thus arrive at estimates on flared gas for each year since 1935.
Intra-urban workplace and residential mobility under uncertainty

Abstract The decision of the household to change either its residence, or its workplace, or both simultaneously, is treated as an endogenous decision made in the presence of uncertainty regarding the future characteristics of the new job or residence. This decision is analyzed within a model which is explicitly spatial. Risk aversion is found to have implications for equilibrium location and the decision to move. Further, the costs of risk are qualitatively different from those of transactions costs and changes in commuting costs.
Suppression by intradermal administration of heparin of eosinophil accumulation but not oedema formation in inflammatory reactions in guinea-pig skin

1. Heparin is widely used in the treatment of thrombotic disorders and as an aid in surgery. Anti-inflammatory effects of heparin have also been described. In this study, we have investigated the effects of locally-injected heparin on the oedema formation and eosinophil accumulation induced by various inflammatory stimuli in guinea-pig skin. 2. Heparin dose-dependently suppressed the accumulation of 111In-labelled eosinophils induced by i.d. injection of zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP). The 111In-eosinophil accumulation induced by other inflammatory stimuli (compound 48/80, platelet activating factor, interleukin-8 and in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction) was also suppressed by locally-injected heparin. 3. Oedema formation in response to these same stimuli was not altered by the local injection of heparin. 4. Fucoidin, a negatively-charged sulphated algal polymer, had no effect on the 111In-eosinophil accumulation or oedema formation induced by ZAP. Nevertheless, fucoidin significantly suppressed the oedema formation induced by i.d. injection of cationic protein-containing extracts of Schistosoma mansoni larvae. Heparin also inhibited oedema induced by the extracts, suggesting that both fucoidin and heparin were effectively neutralizing the cationic protein of the extracts to inhibit their oedema-inducing activity. 5. Thus, heparin significantly inhibited the accumulation of 111In-eosinophils, but not oedema formation, induced by various inflammatory stimuli. This, taken together with the lack of effect of fucoidin, suggests that heparin interferes with the process of eosinophil trafficking by a mechanism that does not depend on neutralisation of the charge of the stimulatory molecules.
Growth inhibition by some β-arylalanines

2-Pyridinealanine inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli, and phenylalanine competitively prevents the growth inhibition. Tryptophan reverses the toxicity of the inhibitor in a manner which indicates that it stimulates the biosynthesis of increased concentrations of phenylalanine in the organism. Both 4-thiazolealanine and 4-pyrazolelalanine inhibit the growth of E. coli, and the toxicity of each of these compounds is reversed by phenylalanine or tryptophan.
Conjugated Macrocycles Related to the Porphyrins. 25.† Proton NMR Spectroscopic Evidence for a Preferred [18]Annulene Substructure in Carbaporphyrins from the Magnitude of Selected 4JH,H CHCCH3 Coupling Constants

Two new benzocarbaporphyrins with four or five alkyl substituents have been synthesized by the “3 + 1” MacDonald methodology. At lower temperatures, the proton NMR spectrum of the asymmetrically su...
Minimally supported bases for spaces of bivariate piecewise polynomials of smoothness r and degree d ≥ r + 1

Abstract We consider spaces of bivariate piecewise polynomial C r ( r ≥ 1) functions defined on a triangulation of a simply connected polygonal domain. We establish the existence of minimally supported basis functions whenever d ≥ 4 r + 1. In addition, we present a natural approach to constructing these bases explicitly, and show that it succeeds for r ≤ 3 but fails for r > 3. A fundamental tool in the analysis in the Bezier form of a bivariate polynomial.
The sickness impact profile: a global measure of disability in chronic low back pain

This investigation examines the utility of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) for assessing disability associated with chronic pain and presents normative data on a sample of 107 patients experiencing chronic low back pain (CLBP). The results support the validity of the SIP as a measure of functional status with CLBP patients. Specifically, the psychosocial dimension was significantly correlated with the emotional distress categories of the MMPI and the physical dimension score was inversely associated with standing/walking and positively correlated with time spent lying down. In addition, the SIP appears to be a measure with sufficient sensitivity to detect pre-/post-treatment changes. Patients suffering from CLBP show significant impairment in physical, psychosocial, and work and recreational activities. The greatest impairment reported was in the area of work, but disability ratings for recreation, home management, social interaction, emotional behavior, and sleep and rest were also comparatively high. Based upon its reliability, validity, breadth of assessment, and ease of administration, the SIP appears to be well suited for the assessment of patients suffering from chronic pain and evaluating the efficacy of multidisciplinary pain units.
Tropical SST Response to Global Warming in the Twentieth Century

Abstract The trend of sea surface temperature (SST) in the twentieth century is examined in observations and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) twentieth-century simulations. The observed SST neither shows a clear signal of the enhanced equatorial response (EER) warming nor exhibits a clear trend of the El Nino–like warming in the last century. Similarly, the IPCC simulations show neither a clear EER warming nor an El Nino–like warming in the last century. Furthermore, the comparison of heat fluxes in model simulations of the global warming scenario and the twentieth century indicates that the aerosol cooling effect, opposite to the greenhouse gases warming effect, plays an important role in the twentieth century and explains the EER-like signal in the twentieth-century simulations. Therefore, a conclusion that the IPCC model simulations of the twentieth century are consistent with observations within the error bars as well as the future projection of the EER warming pattern in the globa...
Reading up books: Digital control systems: Current texts on continuous and digital control

In a computer-controlled system, the output of a given plant is compared to the desired output; the resulting error signal is sampled and fed in to a digital computer. For example, consider the case of the elevation control of an antenna designed to track a satellite. The tracking error (the difference between the desired antenna position and the actual antenna position) is fed into a digital computer which generates a control signal in digital form. The digital control signal is converted into analog form by a D/A converter, and is amplified and fed to the motor drive of the antenna to move the antenna so as to decrease the tracking error. The azimuth of the antenna can also be controlled in a similar manner.
Almost no points on a Cantor set are very well approximable

We prove that almost no numbers in Cantor9s middle–thirds set are very well approximable by rationals. More generally, we discuss Diophantine properties of almost every point, where ‘almost every’ is understood relative to any measure on the real line satisfying a decay condition introduced in the work of Veech.
Paramagnetic shifts and spin-flop in supertransferred hyperfine structure of 111Cdm in RbMnF3∗

Abstract The signs of the supertransferred hyperfine fields at the Cd nucleus is paramagnetic RbMnF 3 , and KCoF 3 have been measured. In the anti-ferromagnetic phase of RbMnF 3 the effect of the spin-flop transition on the PAC of 111 Cd m has been observed.
E-selectin Expression and Stimulation by Inflammatory Mediators are Developmentally Regulated during Embryogenesis

Leukocyte recruitment during inflammation is specified, in part, by the spatial distribution and temporal regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules. In this study we investigated the developmental onset of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) basal expression and inducibility by inflammatory mediators as indices of lineage-restricted endothelial adhesion molecule expression. We studied both murine embryos and embryoid bodies (EB), derived from differentiated embryonic stem cells, to examine a broad range of endothelial ontogeny. Our results reveal that E-selectin and ICAM-1 are differentially regulated during development and that three stages define the ontogeny of the E-selectin-inducible response. The earliest endothelial lineage cells in Day 4 and Day 5 EB did not express E-selectin in the basal state or after stimulation. A second stage, observed between embryonic Day 9.5 (E9.5) and E11.5 to E12.5 in cultured embryo cells and transiently at Day 6 of EB differentiation, was characterized by basal expression that was not stimulated by inflammatory mediators. A third stage was characterized by both basal and inducible expression of E-selectin and was observed beginning at E12.5 to E13.5 in cultured embryo cells and at Day 7 in EB. In contrast ICAM-1 was stimulated at all of the embryonic stages examined and before the onset of E-selectin inducibility in both embryos and EB. E-selectin expression in embryos was also stimulated by introducing endotoxin into the embryonic, but not the maternal, peritoneum. This suggests that embryos are protected from inflammatory insults present in the maternal circulation. The developmentally regulated acquisition of E-selectin inducibility during embryogenesis likely involves changes in signal transduction cascades, transcription factors, and/or chromatin accessibility that specify inducible expression within the endothelial lineage and further restrict inducibility to particular endothelial subpopulations.
Metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate in humans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: in vivo and in vitro studies.

To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of vanadium salts as oral hypoglycemic agents, 16 type 2 diabetic patients were studied before and after 6 weeks of vanadyl sulfate (VOSO 4 ) treatment at three doses. Glucose metabolism during a euglycemic insulin clamp did not increase at 75 mg/d, but improved in 3 of 5 subjects receiving 150 mg VOSO 4 and 4 of 8 subjects receiving 300 mg VOS0 4 . Basal hepatic glucose production (HGP) and suppression of HGP by insulin were unchanged at all doses. Fasting glucose and hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) decreased significantly in the 150- and 300-mg VOSO 4 groups. At the highest dose, total cholesterol decreased, associated with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). There was no change in systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial blood pressure on 24-hour ambulatory monitors at any dose. There was no apparent correlation between the clinical response and peak serum level of vanadium. The 150-and 300-mg vanadyl doses caused some gastrointestinal intolerance but did not increase tissue oxidative stress as assessed by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). In muscle obtained during clamp studies prior to vanadium therapy, insulin stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1 ), and She proteins by 2- to 3-fold, while phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity associated with IRS-1 increased 4.7-fold during insulin stimulation ( P = .02). Following vanadium, there was a consistent trend for increased basal levels of insulin receptor. She, and IRS-1 protein tyrosine phosphorylation and IRS-1—associated PI 3-kinase, but no further increase with insulin. There was no discernible correlation between tyrosine phosphorylation patterns and glucose disposal responses to vanadyl. While glycogen synthase fractional activity increased 1.5-fold following insulin infusion, there was no change in basal or insulin-stimulated activity after vanadyl. There was no increase in the protein phosphatase activity of muscle homogenates to exogenous substrate after vanadyl. Vanadyl sulfate appears safe at these doses for 6 weeks, but at the tolerated doses, it does not dramatically improve insulin sensitivity or glycemic control. Vanadyl modifies proteins in human skeletal muscle involved in early insulin signaling, including basal insulin receptor and substrate tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PI 3-kinase, and is not additive or synergistic with insulin at these steps. Vanadyl sulfate does not modify the action of insulin to stimulate glycogen synthesis. Since glucose utilization is improved in some patients, vanadyl must also act at other steps of insulin action.
On Curiosity: A Developmental Approach

Curiosity is a powerful motivating force in human behavior. It has a developmental line, from a state of alert wakefulness in the infant to active investigation of the environment, which includes body products and anatomical differences, and then includes a wide range of interests in the outer world as well as in the inner psychological world. The curiosity of the child psychiatrist is traced from motivation for the profession to its use in practicing the profession. Curiosity in adjunctive fields, such as history, archeology, cultural anthropology, and animal psychology, can throw light on issues of child development which need to be researched.
Biochemical and biophysical characterization of the trimerization domain from the heat shock transcription factor.

Previously, we had characterized a 91 amino acid fragment of the heat shock transcription factor from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and had shown it to be highly α-helical and sufficient for formation of homotrimers [Peteranderl, R., and Nelson, H. C. M. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 12272−12276]. Based on those data, as well as the presence of hydrophobic heptad repeats, we postulated that the trimerization domain contains a three-stranded coiled-coil and that it might resemble the trimerization domain found in influenza hemagglutinin. Here, we further characterize the trimerization domain and show that the minimal domain needs 71 residues to remain trimeric and highly α-helical. 19F NMR spectroscopy suggests that the structure contains three parallel strands that are in register along the long axis of the coiled-coil. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies show that the C-termini of the subunits are in close proximity; this is in contrast to the topology of the hemaglutinin trimerization domain...
Flow Behavior of Foam: A Porous Micromodel Study

The flow behavior of foam in porous micromodels has been studied visually by use of etched silicon wafers. Air was injected into homogenous and heterogeneous porous media previously filled with an aqueous surfactant solution. The flow characteristics and the mobility of the injected air were determined under different conditions of pore dimensions, air injection rates, and surfactant concentrations. In the experiments, air was found to be propagated by displacement of lamellae in long bubbles flowing and extending across several pore lengths, while the liquid flowed through the network of films. Propagation of foam bubbles formed at pore constrictions by snap-off was dominant in the heterogeneous model. Liquid and/or gas was trapped in some pores. The mechanisms observed depended on pore structure and surfactant concentration. A considerable reduction of effective air mobility was observed in the presence of foam. Mobility reduction depended on flow mechanisms.
Cross-linking of immune complexes by human mononuclear phagocytes

Incubation of immune complexes (IC) bound to plastic surfaces with human blood monocytes for 48 hours resulted in the cross-linking of a proportion of antibody molecules. This process was largely inhibited by the addition of sodium azide to the cultures. Cross-linking was defined as the inability of strong chaotropic solutions (3 M MgCl2 or 5 M guanidine) or acid pH (0.1 N HCl) to solubilize125J-labeled rabbit anti-human serum albumin attached to plastic-bound antigen. Addition to the cultures of a suitable hydrogen donor such as catechol (0.5 mM) resulted in a large increase in cross-linking of IC. This process was shown to depend on the presence of viable phagocytic cells because incubation with dead monocytes or with viable T lymphocytes failed to induce cross-linking. Quantitation of rabbit immunoglobulin remaining in the wells by enzyme-linked immunoassy techniques excluded the possibility that the increase in125I bound was merely due to a transiodination reaction. Experiments using various oxygen metabolite inhibitors and scavengers indicated that catechol-dependent protein cross-linking depended on the action of hydrogen peroxide and enzyme systems inhibitable by sodium azide, probably monocyte-peroxidase. Superoxide dismutase,1O2, and OH · radical scavengers failed to inhibit cross-linking, whereas addition of catalase resulted in almost complete abolition of the process. These observations suggest that catechol-dependent cross-linking of IC may be due to oxidation of catechol to orthoquinone and that this strong oxidant is responsible for nonenzymic chemical action on proteins leading to intermolecular covalent bond formation. Cell-mediated protein cross-Sinking by oxidative mechanisms may be a prominent feature of drug-related reactions and of acute and chronic inflammatory processes in general. The possible mechanisms involved in catechol-dependent and -independent cross-linking of IC by human mononuclear phagocytes are discussed.
Sources of Human Resource Information and the Link to Organizational Profitability

The human resource (HR) directors of 201 large U.S. organizations responded to a survey concerning the relative use of different sources of new HR information. Academic research-related information sources were used much less frequently than practitioner-related sources. However, analyses suggested that only academic sources were significantly related to organizational profitability. The strength of the relationship between the use of academic information and profitability also varied across industry types.
Carbonate Ramp--Alternative to Shelf Model: ABSTRACT

One of the most common depositional models for carbonate rocks is the "shallow shelf." This model typically is constructed to show a nearly flat platform and a clearly defined shelf-slope break. Typically, there are detrital carbonates on the platforms, reefs or banks at the shelf-margin and basinal rocks seaward of the reefs. The usual analogs are the Florida-Bahamas (recent), the Cretaceous of Texas and northern Mexico (Edwards-El Abra), and the Permian of West Texas-New Mexico (Capitan model). Less commonly presented, but very important, is the ramp depositional model. The ramp model is an inclined platform that extends basinward without a pronounced break in slope. Carbonate facies, therefore, are not protected necessarily by a shelf-margin barrier. Reefs and facies patterns of the detrital carbonates tend to be distributed in bands which parallel the coastline and reflect the greater wave and current activity near the mainland shore. A modern example of the ramp model is the Campeche Bank. The detrital carbonates of the Campeche Bank are in concentric bands which range from grainstones and boundstones in shallow, agitated water to mudstones and wackestones on the seaward reaches of the ramp. Coral-algal reefs are common, but they do not occupy a position at the "margin" of the ramp. The ramp model is appropriate to explain the Jurassic carbonates of the Smackover and Cotton Valley around the ancestral Gulf of Mexico. The Jurassic ramp is modified by, and facies patterns are complicated by, salt tectonics. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1826------------
Indentation of solids with gradients in elastic properties: Part II. Axisymmetric indentors

Analytical and computational results are presented for the evolution of stresses and deformation fields due to indentation from a rigid axisymmetric indentor on an elastic substrate. The theory addresses the variations in Young's modulus, E, of the substrate as a function of depth, z, beneath the indented surface for two cases: (1) a simple power law, E = E0zk, where 0 ≤ k < 1 is a non-dimensional exponent; (2) an exponential law, E = E0eαz, where E0 is Young's modulus at the surface and α is a length parameter. The indentor geometries for which analytic solutions are derived include flat circular punch, sphere and circular cone. The analytical results for the punch are compared with finite element simulations; the latter validate the theory and offer further insights into the effects of the variation in Poisson ratio, v, with depth.
Center for Excellence in Ocean Sciences Education recommended

The natural interdisciplinary context of the ocean sciences has not been used to promote science education integrated across scientific disciplines at all levels, in alignment with the reforms of science education. Moreover, the innate human interest in the ocean has not been used to integrate science—as it should be—with the arts, humanities, and social sciences in the curriculum. In this failure, the ocean sciences have failed to help the public understand the role of the ocean in the quality of life and the nation's economic development and defense. In the past,several opportunities for education coordinated beyond individual efforts have been lost. Ocean sciences research results have not been adequately integrated into educational materials that could engage students' imaginations for a lifetime of experiential science learning.
Reshaping the Plasmonic Properties of an Individual Nanoparticle

When symmetry is broken in plasmonic nanostructures, new optical properties emerge. Here we controllably reshape an individual Au nanoshell into a reduced-symmetry nanoegg, then a semishell or nanocup by a novel electron-beam-induced ablation method, transforming its plasmonic properties. We follow the changes in the plasmonic response at the single nanostructure level throughout this reshaping process, observing the splitting of plasmon modes and the onset of electroinductive plasmons upon controlled, incremental opening of the outer metallic layer of the nanoparticle.
Physical activity, obesity, and cognitive impairment among women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To examine relationships of obesity and physical inactivity to cognitive impairment in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Body composition was measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for 138 women with SLE. Obesity was defined by total percent body fat. Physical activity was ascertained with the self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire; inactivity was defined as expenditure of <600 metabolic equivalent minutes/week. Cognitive function was assessed with a 12-index neuropsychological battery. Impairment was defined as age-adjusted Z scores ≤1.5 SDs below the mean on 1 of 3 of tests completed. Scores were obtained for the total battery and for memory and executive function components. Multivariate analyses examined the relationship of obesity and physical activity, individually and combined, to cognitive impairment, controlling for education, race/ethnicity, disease activity, glucocorticoid use, and depression. Results Fifteen percent of subjects were cognitively impaired, 28% were physically inactive, and 50% were obese. Five percent of active women were impaired on the executive function battery compared to 23% of those who were inactive (P = 0.003). Obese women were more likely to be impaired on the total battery (6% versus 23%; P = 0.007) and on the executive function portion (2% versus 19%) than nonobese women. In multivariate analysis, both inactivity and DXA-defined obesity were significantly associated with impairment in executive function (inactivity: odds ratio [OR] 9.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.7–52.8; obesity: OR 14.8, 95% CI 1.4–151.0). Conclusion Both obesity and inactivity were significantly and independently associated with impairment in cognitive function. If longitudinal studies show that physical inactivity and obesity are precursors to cognitive impairment, these may become important targets for intervention.
Virtual orbitals for obtaining rapid convergence in configuration interaction calculations

Abstract A perturbational method is used to generate virtual orbitals intended to yield rapid convergence in configuration interaction calculations. It is shown that the problem of finding the orbitals and pair functions which maximize the interaction with the Hartree-Fock wavefunction can be solved exactly. The resulting first-order semi-internal virtual orbitals are determined by a simple closed expression. All further semi-internal excitations vanish to first order. As an example, the method of this work is applied to the semi-internal orbitals of the ground state of the carbon +1 ion. The resulting first order orbitals compare very well to corresponding variational virtual orbitals.
The end-state comfort effect in bimanual grip selection.

Abstract During a unimanual grip selection task in which people pick up a lightweight dowel and place one end against targets at variable heights, the choice of handgrip (overhand vs. underhand) typically depends on the perception of how comfortable the arm will be at the end of the movement: an end-state comfort effect. The two experiments reported here extend this work to bimanual tasks. In each experiment, 26 right-handed participants used their left and right hands to simultaneously pick up two wooden dowels and place either the right or left end against a series of 14 targets ranging from 14 to 210 cm above the floor. These tasks were performed in systematic ascending and descending orders in Experiment 1 and in random order in Experiment 2. Results were generally consistent with predictions of end-state comfort in that, for the extreme highest and lowest targets, participants tended to select opposite grips with each hand. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the concept of constraint hi...
Efficient multiphoton ionization of metal carbonyls cooled in a pulsed supersonic beam

Abstract Laser excitation of Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6 and Mo(CO)6 in the region of the charge transfer bands around 2800 A is found to produce Fe+, Cr+ and Mo+ with near unit efficiency in a laser flux as low as 108 W cm−2. The uncomplexed metal ion continues to dominate the photoion yield down to near threshold at a laser flux of 3 × 105 W cm−2. Excitation spectra of this photoion production indicate the absorption in this region is intrinsically diffuse.
Une espèce nouvelle du genre Nesogordonia Baill. (Malvaceae) endémique du Nord de Madagascar

RAKOTOARIVELO, N., S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, P. B. PHILLIPSON & M. W. CALLMANDER (2014). A new species in the genus Nesogordonia Baill. (Malvaceae) endemic from northern Madagascar. Candollea 69: 165170. In French, English and French abstracts. A new species of Nesogordonia Baill. (Malvaceae, Ster culioideae), Nesogordonia chrysocarpa Rakotoar. & Callm., is described from northern Madagascar. The new species is the fourth known species of the genus having all stamens fertile. It differs from other species in having 30 stamens arranged in two whorls: the external with five fascicles of 4 stamens and the internal with five fascicles of 2 stamens, and by a golden stellate indument on the internal surface of the seed locules. In addition to the description of the new species, we provide a discussion on its morphology, line drawings, a distribution map and the assessment of its preliminary risk of extinction according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Capturing knowledge and knowing through improvisation: what managers can learn from the thoracic surgery board certification process

To compete effectively in the information age, managers must take actions in ambiguous, complex, and rapidly changing environments. A thoracic surgeon facilitates actions that are consequential and difficult to reverse, that require individual and group expertise, and that are based on changing, complex inputs and environments that are often ambiguous and interact in unpredictable ways. We suggest that managers can benefit from learning we have gained from studying the thoracic surgery certification process.
Optical scatter as a diagnostic tool for studying bulk defects which cause laser damage in conventional and rapid-growth KDP and DKDP

Single crystals of KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4} (KDP) and (D{sub x}H{sub 1-x}){sub 2}PO{sub 4} (DKDP) will be used for frequency conversion and as part of a large aperture optical switch in the proposed National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). These crystals must have good optical properties and high laser damage thresholds. Currently these crystals have a lower laser damage threshold than other optical materials in the laser chain which has forced designers to limit the output fluence of the NIF in order to avoid damaging the crystals. Furthermore, while more efficient frequency conversion schemes are being explored both theoretically and experimentally, the advantages of these schemes can not be fully realized unless the damage thresholds of the conversion crystals are increased. Over the past decade, LLNL has generated an extensive data base on the laser damage in KDP and DKDP crystals both at the first and third harmonics of Nd-YAG. While the damage thresholds of these crystals have increased over this time period due, in part, to better filtration of the growth solution, the damage thresholds of the best crystals are still far below what is expected from theoretical limits calculated from the band structure of perfect crystals. Thus damage in KDP and DKDP is caused by defects in the crystals. The authors also rely on a process called laser conditioning to improve the damage thresholds of the crystals. Unfortunately, little is understood about the mechanism of laser induced damage, the conditioning process in the crystals, or the defects which are responsible for damage. The authors have recently implemented a scatter diagnostic for locating and studying defects in crystals and as a tool for studying the mechanism of laser damage and laser conditioning.
PU.1 REGULATES THE CXCR1 PROMOTER

The interleukin-8 receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) are specifically expressed at high levels in cells of the neutrophil lineage. In this work we identify promoter elements of the CXCR1 gene and the ets family transcription factor PU.1 as a major regulator for activation of the CXCR1 promoter. We first showed that the upstream sequence of CXCR1 (−800 to +86 base pairs (bp)) directs myeloid-specific expression of reporter gene constructs. Second, we showed the presence of negative elements in the sequence from −800 to −128 bp and positive elements from −128 to +50 bp. Third, we demonstrated that the fragment −22 to +14 bp binds PU.1. Fourth, we showed that PU.1 transactivates the CXCR1 promoter. These data are the first demonstration of PU.1-mediated transcriptional regulation of a neutrophil chemoattractant G protein-coupled receptor.
Deviated-plane varied-line-space grating spectrograph

The limit of resolution for the planar varied line-space grating in a converging beam can be found by analyses of the optical path errors. The errors may be canceled by slight deviations of the planar substrate surface. The cancellation of the path errors leads to a markedly improved spectral resolution. The surface figure for an improved resolution deviated planar varied line-space grating spectrograph is shown. Ray-tracing of this improved spectrograph shows substantial gains in spectral performance.
Inhibition of Gastric Motility in Turkeys by Intraduodenal Injections of Amino Acid Solutions

Abstract The effects of intraduodenal injections of 5 and 10 percent amino acid solutions and comparable solutions without amino acids was studied in unanesthetized turkeys. To observe and record pressure changes occurring in the GI tract, open-tipped tubes connected to pressure transducers were inserted into the glandular and muscular stomachs per os and into the proximal duodenum via a fistula. Intraduodenal injections were made via a second fistula into the distal duodenum. Gastric and duodenal motilities were significantly depressed within about 20–25 seconds after intraduodenal injection of 10 ml. of 10 percent and 15 ml. of 5 percent amino acid solution. No significant depression resulted from injections of 5 ml. of 10 percent amino acid solution, 5 or 10 ml. of 5 percent amino acid solution, or equal volumes of NaCl solution with pH and osmolarity equal to that of each of the amino acid solutions. Thus, an amino acid induced enterogastric reflex exists in turkeys as in mammals. This has not been previously demonstrated.
Rosuvastatin for the Treatment of Patients with Hypercholesterolemia

OBJECTIVE:To review the currently available information on rosuvastatin in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia.DATA SOURCES:MEDLEY (2000–January 2001), MEDLIT, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciSearch, Current Contents, Derwent, Drug, BIOSIS, Adis LMS Drug Alerts, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1994–July 2001) were searched; unpublished data obtained from the manufacturer were also included.STUDY SELECTION:Studies evaluating rosuvastatin including abstracts, proceedings, and data on file from the manufacturer were considered for inclusion. English-language literature was evaluated for pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and adverse effects of rosuvastatin. Additional relevant citations were used in the introductory material and discussion section.DATA EXTRACTION:English-language study abstracts selected for inclusion were limited to those on human subjects. Animal data were included only if human data were not available.DATA SYNTHESIS:Rosuvastatin, a new synthetic h...
Instruction level power profiling

This paper describes a method to model the software component of energy dissipation from an architectural description of an embedded system. An embedded system is characterized by a dedicated processor (a DSP processor or an "off the shelf" microprocessor) and the application specific software that runs on it. The hardware model of the system consists of several interacting modules (e.g. ALU, register file, controller etc.). A black box model of a cell from each module is built which consists of a table of switching capacitances (from IRSIM-CAP) for each combination of previous to present input transitions. Using this black box cell model and the past and present inputs to the module it is possible to accurately calculate the energy dissipation of the module. By performing a simple "bookkeeping" operation of all the modules activated during the instruction, it is possible to exactly estimate the energy dissipation of an instruction. A power profiler (PPROF) is built which takes as an input the program and the model of the basic units of each module and profiles the energy for each instruction of the program. In addition, it also outputs the energy consumption statistics for each type of instruction and for each module. A programmable microprocessor with sixteen instructions has been designed, and programs written for this machine are analysed using PPROF. The results of the estimated instruction energy are within 8% maximum error when compared with IRSIM-CAP.
Developing a fast and inexpensive low power design strategy

A low power circuit design strategy is presented. We believe this methodology can be used to develop fast and inexpensive techniques to aid designers in power optimizations which are generally compute time hungry. The design strategy explored allows for fast sizing of the circuit to get to within 5% of an optimal operating point in terms of energy. Traditional optimization for energy uses time consuming, exhaustive simulations to determine the best possible operating point. The design rules being developed aim to predict the energy optimal point with accuracy but more importantly assist designers to arrive at a minimum energy solution quickly and explore design options better. Furthermore these rules can be used to develop optimization tools which are several orders of magnitude faster than current linear programming and convex optimization tools.
Tunable Cr/sup 4+/:YSO Q-switched Cr:LiCAF laser

Tunable passive Q-switching (781 nm to 806 nm at 300 K) of a flash-lamp pumped Cr/sup 3+/:LiCaAlF/sub 6/ (Cr:LiCAF) laser with a Cr/sup 4+/:Y/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ (Cr/sup 4+/:YSO) broad-band solid-state saturable absorber has been realized. Typical pulse widths of the Q-switched laser output ranged from 40 ns to 80 ns, depending on the lasing wavelength. Spectral narrowing and reduced beam diameter with the use of the saturable absorber were observed. The ground state and the excited state absorption cross sections of the Cr/sup 4+/:YSO absorber were found by bleaching experiments to be (7.0/spl plusmn/1.4)/spl times/10/sup -19/ cm/sup 2/ and (2.3/spl plusmn/0.5)/spl times/10/sup -19/ cm/sup 2/ at 694 nm, respectively. Numerical simulation was utilized to simulate the Cr:LiCAF passive Q-switching with Cr/sup 4+/:YSO solid-state saturable absorber. >
A Review of Medical Errors in Laboratory Diagnostics and Where We Are Today

While many areas of health care are still struggling with the issue of patient safety, laboratory diagnostics has always been a forerunner in pursuing this issue. Significant progress has been made since the release of “To Err is Human.” 1 This article briefly reviews laboratory quality assessment and looks at recent statistics concerning laboratory errors.
Mesenchymal stem cells modified with angiopoietin-1 gene promote wound healing

Introduction Treatment of chronic skin wounds is difficult and largely ineffective. Little improvement has been shown in promoting the healing of these wounds in the past few decades. Innovative treatments to enhance chronic wound healing process are therefore needed.
Closing in on genes for manic-depressive illness and schizophrenia

Advances in the human genetic map, and in genetic analysis of linkage and association in complex inheritance traits, have led to genetic progress in the major psychoses. For chromosome 6 in schizophrenia, and chromosomes 18 and 21 in manic-depressive illness, there are reports of linkage in several independent data sets. These are small effect genes, best detected with affected-relative-pair linkage methods. Association with candidate genes is an alternative strategy to uncovering susceptibility genes for these illnesses, but convincing associations remain to be demonstrated. New clinical and laboratory investigation methods are being developed. Testing every gene in the human genome for association with illness has recently been proposed (Risch and Merikangas 1996). This would require further progress in characterizing the genome and in automated large-scale genotyping. The best type of pedigree sampling for common disease studies, whether for linkage or association, is not yet established. An endophenotype hybrid strategy can combine genetic linkage, association, and pathophysiologic studies. As clinical molecular investigation methods advance, identification of disease susceptibility mutations and delineation of their pathophysiological roles may be expected.
A mother and daughter with phyllodes tumors of the breast

Introduction Phyllodes tumors of the breast are fibroepithelial neoplasms characterized by monoclonal neoplastic stromal cells and epithelial cells. Histologically, these tumors are distinguished by broad ‘leaf-like’ fronds hence the tumor is called phyllodes, which is Greek for ‘leaflike.’ The incidence of phyllodes tumors is highest in the sixth deade of life, and the mean age of diagnosis is 50. Most tumors are detected as a palpable mass and tumor size at presentation is highly variable. The tumors can be as small as a few centimeters or large enough to encompass nearly the entire breast. Biopsy specimens are classified as benign, borderline, and malignant, based on the cellu-
Hardness of Directed Routing with Congestion

Given a graph G and a collection of source-sink pairs in G, what is the least integer c such that each source can be connected by a path to its sink, with at most c paths going through an edge? This is known as the congestion minimization problem, and the quantity c is called the congestion. Congestion minimization is one of the most well-studied NP-hard optimization problems. It is well-known that the elegant randomized rounding technique of Raghavan and Thompson can be used to obtain a solution with congestion at most c � + O( log n log log n ) where �