cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating 3D printed magnetic devices with ferrofluids and liquid metals

Abstract Combining electrical and magnetic materials in the same part has been a challenge in 3D printing due to difficulties co-printing complex materials in many additive manufacturing processes. Past 3D printed inductors and other similar magnetic devices have therefore either lacked the magnetic materials necessary for improved performance, or required sintering at high temperatures for extended periods, beyond the capability of most 3D printable polymers. In this work, we demonstrate a room temperature process for incorporating conductive and magnetic materials into the same 3D printed device. A multi-stage fabrication process based on 3D printing followed by fill with magnetic and conductive fluids is proposed. Multi-layer microfluidic channels for magnetic passives are first printed in a stereolithography process. The microfluidic systems are then filled with room temperature liquid metal, a gallium alloy liquid at room temperature, and ferrofluid to create inductors, transformers and wireless power coils. Through the addition of ferrofluid as a magnetic material, increases in inductance density by nearly a factor of three were demonstrated, in addition to coupling improvements for transformer and wireless power coils compared to the devices before magnetic fill.
Update in the Management of Pleural Effusions.

Pleural effusions are a common clinical problem for the primary care physician. Over the past 10 years, there has been a paradigm shift in the field due to emergence of new evidence, which includes the ubiquitous use of thoracic ultrasound, the reemergence of pleuroscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality, the widespread use of indwelling pleural catheters for malignant pleural effusions, and the evidence-based approach to management of complex parapneumonic effusions. This review focuses on these advancements with an emphasis on practical clinical application.
Rituximab-Associated Retinal Occlusive Vasculopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review

To describe a case of retinal occlusive vasculopathy associated with intravitreal administration of rituximab. A single case report from a tertiary referral center The patient described in the foll...
Age-dependent effects of dopamine receptor inactivation on cocaine-induced behaviors in male rats: Evidence of dorsal striatal D2 receptor supersensitivity.

N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), which irreversibly inactivates dopamine (DA) receptors, causes pronounced age-dependent behavioral effects in rats. For example, EEDQ either augments or does not affect the DA agonist-induced locomotor activity of preweanling rats while attenuating the locomotion of adolescent and adult rats. The twofold purpose of this study was to determine whether EEDQ would: (a) potentiate or attenuate the cocaine-induced locomotor activity of preweanling, adolescent, and adult rats; and (b) alter the sensitivity of surviving D2 receptors. Rats were treated with vehicle or EEDQ (2.5 or 7.5 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PD) 17, PD 39, and PD 84. In the behavioral experiments, saline- or cocaine-induced locomotion was assessed 24 hr later. In the biochemical experiments, dorsal striatal samples were taken 24 hr after vehicle or EEDQ treatment and later assayed for NPA-stimulated GTPγS receptor binding, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6), and β-arrestin-2 (ARRB2). GTPγS binding is a direct measure of ligand-induced G protein activation, while GRK6 and ARRB2 modulate the internalization and desensitization of D2 receptors. Results showed that EEDQ potentiated the locomotor activity of preweanling rats, while attenuating the locomotion of older rats. NPA-stimulated GTPγS binding was elevated in EEDQ-treated preweanling rats, relative to adults, indicating enhanced functional coupling between the G protein and receptor. EEDQ also reduced ARRB2 levels in all age groups, which is indicative of increased D2 receptor sensitivity. In sum, the present results support the hypothesis that D2 receptor supersensitivity is a critical factor mediating the locomotor potentiating effects of EEDQ in cocaine-treated preweanling rats.
Dancing Faces: Why is Emotion Not a Part of the Dance Curriculum?

The dance community is a world of plies, spirals, and jazz hands. The technical elements have slowly but surely become the highest priority for many dance companies, conventions, and festivals. The emotional connection is at the root of dance. We dance to celebrate and express our inner thoughts and ideas? Don't we? Yet, dance educators and choreographers are focusing more on how high the leg is or if the hip is down that the dancers end up frustrated not understanding what to do with their faces and as a result do nothing. This research will explore why these ideas are being perpetuated and emotions are no longer as important in the Western dance aesthetic. In order to create new ideas and techniques that we can use for the 21st century dancer, I will examine dance forms such as Bugaku,Kabuki,and Classical Indian Dance where facial expressions and emotions are of the utmost importance. Also, I will discuss my practical applications in various jazz classes at Western Michigan University and what techniques produce results and what appears to be ineffective. These results will offer new insights for teachers and choreographers on how they can produce dancers that can bring out their emotions naturally and without affectation.
Developing Specialized Graduate Curricula for Health Information Professionals: Integrated Findings of a Scoping Review and an Employer Survey.

With the aim of informing specialized graduate curriculum development, this two-phase study seeks to identify and bridge gaps in expectation and preparation between and among employers of health in...
Dual Surgical Setup May Improve Infection Control Rate of Debridement and Implant Retention Procedures for Periprosthetic Infections of the Hip and Knee.

Abstract Background Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) is an appealing treatment option for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) due to its low cost and low morbidity. There are many nonmodifiable risk factors for DAIR failure that have previously been established. A dual DAIR setup constitutes establishing a new, sterile field after the initial debridement. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the modifiable surgical technique of a dual setup improves the infection control rate following PJI. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017 to identify patients who underwent a DAIR procedure as initial surgical treatment for PJI of the hip or knee. Patients were divided between 2 groups, failed and successful DAIR procedures. Failure was defined as infection recurrence requiring surgical intervention. Demographic (age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, American Society of Anesthesiologists status), preoperative comorbidity (hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes status, depression or anxiety diagnosis, pulmonary disease), operating surgeon, single vs dual setup, hospital, use of long-term antibiotics postoperatively (greater than 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics), joint, and laterality data were compared between cohorts using multivariate regression analysis. Results Two hundred sixty-three patients were identified who underwent DAIR as the exclusive and initial treatment for PJI. Single vs dual setup, knee vs hip joint, cardiac or vascular disease diagnosis, major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder diagnosis, and staphylococcal infections were found to be independent predictive variables for DAIR failure. Conclusion In our series, the dual setup DAIR was a modifiable surgical technique that significantly decreased the risk of infection recurrence compared to single setup DAIR.
Hyperkalemic Cardiac Arrest in a Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Aim To highlight the occurrence of cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Background Diabetic ketoacidosis is a commonly encountered condition. These patients can have normal or mildly elevated levels of potassium. Our patient had severe hyperkalemia due to DKA resulting in cardiac arrest. Her high potassium diet and use of angiotensin receptor blocker along with acute kidney injury (AKI) would have also contributed to hyperkalemia. Case description A 58-year-old female, known case of diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy and hypertension on telmisartan, presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. She was diagnosed to have DKA with AKI precipitated by missed insulin and urinary tract infection. She was also on high potassium diet. Her electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia with prolonged QRS interval. Her potassium levels were elevated. She soon went into asystole and cardiac arrest and was resuscitated. Diabetic ketoacidosis protocols were followed along with antibiotics, and the patient improved. Conclusion Severe hyperkalemia in DKA is uncommon, and this hyperkalemia resulting in cardiac arrest is an unreported scenario. Potassium correction along with DKA management protocol forms the mainstay of treatment. Clinical significance Mild to moderate elevation in serum potassium occurs frequently in DKA. However, severe hyperkalemia is uncommon and is likely to be the result of insulin deficiency, acidosis, hyperosmolality, severe dehydration, and renal potassium retention. Such elevated level of potassium requires urgent correction in order to prevent cardiac arrest. How to cite this article Manappallil RG, Nambiar J. Hyperkalemic Cardiac Arrest in a Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(8):737-738.
Comprehensive auditory rehabilitation in adults receiving cochlear implants: A pilot study.

Objective In the United States, most adults who receive cochlear implants (CIs) do not undergo a comprehensive auditory rehabilitation (CAR) approach, which may result in suboptimal outcomes. The objectives of this pilot study were to demonstrate that a CAR approach incorporating auditory training (AT) by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is feasible in adults receiving CIs and to explore whether this approach results in improved outcomes. Methods Twenty-four postlingually deaf adult CI candidates were serially assigned to one of three groups: (a) a "CAR group" that received standard of care implantation, programming by an audiologist, an additional preoperative counseling session, and eight one-hour AT sessions; (b) a "passive control" standard-of-care group; and (c) an "active control" group that also received the extra preoperative counseling session. Participants were tested preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months after CI using measures of word and sentence recognition in quiet and in babble, as well as measures of quality of life (QOL). Results The CAR approach was feasible, but this pilot study was underpowered to determine efficacy. Differential time courses of speech recognition improvement were seen for sentence and word recognition. All QOL measurements showed improvement from pre-CI to 1 month post-CI activation. Results revealed issues to consider for a larger-scale study of CAR revolving around participant selection, study measures, and sample size. Conclusion The CAR approach is feasible in new CI users. A larger trial is needed to investigate whether CAR leads to better outcomes or faster improvement in this clinical population. Level of evidence 2.
Defining Aesthetic Preferences for the Penis: A Photogrammetric and Crowdsourcing Analysis.

BACKGROUND Achieving an aesthetic phalloplasty result is important for patients with acquired or congenital defects of the penis, or with genital-related dysphoria. However, aside from length and girth, the aesthetic proportions of the male penis have not been defined. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine proportions of the male penis through photogrammetric analysis of nude male photographs and to verify these proportions with a crowdsourcing-based survey. METHODS Nude male photographs (n = 283) were analyzed to define aesthetic proportions of the male penis. Photographs were analyzed for the position of the penis on the torso in relation to the umbilicus and for the ratio of the dorsal and ventral glans of the penis in relation to the entire shaft length. Proportions were then further studied by crowdsourcing 1026 respondents with Amazon mechanical Turk. RESULTS The ideal position of the penis below the umbilicus is about 55% (6/11th) of the distance from the jugular notch to the umbilicus (measured average, 53.6%; survey-weighted average, 58.9%). The dorsal glans of the penis is about 33% (1/3rd) of the length of the entire shaft (measured average, 32.1%; survey-weighted average, 37.5%). The ventral glans of the penis is about 12.5% (1/8th) of the length of the entire shaft (measured average, 12.6%; survey-weighted average, 11.7%). CONCLUSIONS Measured proportions of the human penis follow exact fractions. Crowdsourcing data helped support photogrammetric analysis, with survey-preferred ratios within 5% of measured ratios. With further validation, these data can aid surgeons performing phalloplasty.
Credit Disintermediation and Monetary Policy

Since the early 1990s, the share of loans in total debt of US firms appears to have declined. This paper explores the implications of this trend toward “disintermediation” for the transmission of monetary policy shocks. Empirically, investment among firms with high loan shares is significantly more responsive to monetary policy shocks. Moreover, this pass-through has declined since the early 1990s, when disintermediation started. A model where firms choose debt structure by trading off the flexibility of loans against the lower cost of bonds can account for the higher sensitivity of more bank-dependent firms to monetary shocks. In this model, disintermediation also leads to a decline in the overall pass-through of monetary shocks to investment.
NCSA 2020 Presidential Address: Luck, Weber, and Constant Crisis

The past four years in the United States has been rife with constant crisis, even preceding the COVID19 pandemic. The Trump Administration regularly caused upheaval by refusing to following traditi...
Reaction Diffusion Equations

The method of upper and lower solutions and its associated monotone iteration are introduced for both the time-dependent and the steady-state reaction diffusion equations. Based on the principle of conservation a derivation of the equations, including nonlinear boundary conditions, is given in the general framework of reaction diffusion systems. This derivation formulates either a scalar equation or a coupled system of equations, which lead to the underlying subjects to be analyzed in this book. A number of physical models arising from various fields of biological, chemical, and engineering sciences are briefly derived and are used to illuminate the methods. Some examples involving the nonuniqueness problem for the time-dependent equation are included in the discussion.
A nationwide analysis of healthcare utilization and outcomes of sepsis in HIV versus non-HIV patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

e19520Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a non-AIDS defining malignancy with a high relative risk in people with HIV compared to general population. The incidence is also higher with those with h...
Exploring Why Underrepresented Students Are Less Likely to Study Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

There is little research on why underrepresented minorities are less likely to specifically study Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (ML/AI). We surveyed 159 undergraduate students about their interest in, exposure to, and personal views on ML/AI in order to explore variations in responses by self-reported gender and race/ethnicity groups. We found that students underrepresented by race/ethnicity are ~6 times less likely to take a traditional ML/AI course than those not underrepresented by race/ethnicity, but no significant difference was found between gender representation. Additionally, students underrepresented by race/ethnicity are more likely to report interest in social, cultural, and political impacts of ML/AI rather than the more technical aspects of ML/AI itself, which is a prevalent interest of students not underrepresented by race/ethnicity. We explore potential reasoning for this difference through further analysis of their survey responses. Encouragingly, we find that regardless of representational status 72.0% of students who report lack of interest in a traditional introductory course are interested in a ML/AI course that focuses more on the political, philosophical, and ethical issues raised by ML/AI and its impacts on society. Our findings suggest that a 'CS Principles" style introductory ML/AI course, emphasizing social and political impacts, could be an effective way to promote diversity in ML/AI.
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: How Does Social Media Influence Patients and Caregivers Seeking Information?

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common orthopaedic condition affecting newborns. The rapid and vast adoption of social media has changed how we access medical information. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of the impact of social media as a tool used by caregivers. A search was performed on the Facebook (FB), Twitter (TW), and YouTube (YT) platforms. Information was quantitatively assessed by category, and number of posts and users. Comments and posts from the social medial platforms were then qualitatively assessed by using a thematic analysis. 16 Facebook pages and groups, 135 YouTube videos, and 5 Twitter accounts related to DDH were identified across 15 countries. A total of 25,471 comments/tweets were recorded. Across the social media platforms, the most common comments theme was “information sharing” (36.1%). Facebook groups had a significantly greater number of comments that were characterized as “social media as a second opinion” in comparison to YouTube videos (p < 0.001), whereas YouTube videos had significantly fewer comments characterized as “sharing information” in comparison to Facebook groups and Facebook pages (p < 0.0001). Orthopaedic surgeons may utilize caregiver presence on social media as an opportunity to help share accurate information and facilitate informed decision-making.
Assessments of Aerosol Delivery and Fugitive Aerosol Particle Concentrations Generated During Aerosol Delivery via Two High-Flow Nasal Cannula Devices: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers

Background: Aerosol delivery via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has attracted clinical interest in recent years. Both HFNC and aerosol therapy have been considered as aerosol generating procedure (AGP) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the fugitive aerosol concentrations during trans-nasal aerosol delivery and the effective method to reduce the fugitive aerosol concentrations. Methods: After approval by the ethic committee in Rush University (20121804-IRB01), 7 healthy volunteers were consented and enrolled in the study. Two HFNC devices (Airvo2 and Vapotherm) were utilized with a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) placed at the inlet of humidifier. Aerosol particle concentrations were compared between the two devices, in a random order of HFNC alone, HFNC with a surgical mask, HFNC with a scavenger face tent, HFNC with VMN, HFNC with VMN and a surgical mask, and HFNC with VMN and a scavenger face tent. HFNC flow was set at the highest level subject could tolerate, and 3mL of saline was placed in VMN for each nebulization. This study was implemented in an ICU room, with 2 aerosol particle sizers placed at 1 and 3 feet away from subjects to measure the fugitive aerosol concentrations at sizes of 0.3 to 10 µm at baseline, before, during and after each experiment. Furthermore, a small in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate inhaled dose with albuterol (2.5mg in 3mL) delivered using VMN via the two HFNC devices, three flow settings (20L, 40L, 60L for Airvo2 and 20L, 30L, 40L for Vapotherm) were used. Results: Compared to baseline, both HFNC devices alone did not generate higher aerosol concentrations at all particle sizes. Compared to HFNC alone, nebulization via VMN with Vapotherm device did not generate higher fugitive aerosol concentrations (P > 0.05 for all particle sizes). In contrast, nebulization via VMN with Airvo2 device generated higher fugitive aerosol concentrations at sizes 0.3 to 1.0 µm. Placing a surgical mask or using a scavenger face tent were similar effective in reducing the fugitive aerosol concentrations (Figure 1). In the in-vitro study, the inhaled dose of albuterol was higher with VMN via Airvo2 than Vapotherm with HFNC flow of 20 L ([12.9 ± 0.9]% vs [1.3 ± 0.1]%, P = .05 ) and 40 L ([5.0 ± 0.2]% vs [0.8 ± 0.1]%, P = .05) (Table 1). Conclusions: During aerosol delivery via HFNC, Airvo2 generated higher inhaled dose and fugitive aerosol particle concentrations than Vapotherm. Placing a surgical mask or a scavenger face tent could reduce fugitive aerosol concentrations.
Inefficient quality control of ribosome stalling during APP synthesis generates CAT-tailed species that precipitate hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism is central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the key etiological driver remains elusive. Recent failures of clinical trials targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, the proteolytic fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that are the main component of amyloid plaques, suggest that the proteostasis-disrupting, key pathogenic species remain to be identified. Previous studies suggest that APP C-terminal fragment (APP.C99) can cause disease in an Aβ-independent manner. The mechanism of APP.C99 pathogenesis is incompletely understood. We used Drosophila models expressing APP.C99 with the native ER-targeting signal of human APP, expressing full-length human APP only, or co-expressing full-length human APP and β-secretase (BACE), to investigate mechanisms of APP.C99 pathogenesis. Key findings are validated in mammalian cell culture models, mouse 5xFAD model, and postmortem AD patient brain materials. We find that ribosomes stall at the ER membrane during co-translational translocation of APP.C99, activating ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) to resolve ribosome collision and stalled translation. Stalled APP.C99 species with C-terminal extensions (CAT-tails) resulting from inadequate RQC are prone to aggregation, causing endolysosomal and autophagy defects and seeding the aggregation of amyloid β peptides, the main component of amyloid plaques. Genetically removing stalled and CAT-tailed APP.C99 rescued proteostasis failure, endolysosomal/autophagy dysfunction, neuromuscular degeneration, and cognitive deficits in AD models. Our finding of RQC factor deposition at the core of amyloid plaques from AD brains further supports the central role of defective RQC of ribosome collision and stalled translation in AD pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate that amyloid plaque formation is the consequence and manifestation of a deeper level proteostasis failure caused by inadequate RQC of translational stalling and the resultant aberrantly modified APP.C99 species, previously unrecognized etiological drivers of AD and newly discovered therapeutic targets.
Notes from the Interoperability Front: A Progress Report on the Open Archives Initiative

The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) was first released in January 2001. Since that time, the protocol has been adopted by a broad community and become the focus of a number of research and implementation projects. We describe the various activities building on the OAI-PMH since its first release. We then describe the activities and decisions leading up to the release of a stable Version 2 of the OAI-PMH. Finally, we describe the key features of OAI-PMH Version 2.
Investigating /l/ Variation in English through Forced Alignment

We present a new method for measuring the "darkness" of /l/, and use it to investigate the variation of English /l/ in a large speech corpus that is automatically aligned with phones predicted from an orthographic transcript. We found a correlation between the rime duration and /l/-darkness for syllable-final /l/, but no correlation between /l/ duration and darkness for syllable-initial /l/. The data showed a clear difference between clear and dark /l/ in English, and also showed that syllable-final /l/ was less dark preceding an unstressed vowel than preceding a consonant or a word boundary. Index Terms: gestural phonology, forced alignment, variation
The 5' ends of bacterial RNA. II. The triphosphate-terminated ends of primary gene transcripts.

Abstract Bacterial RNA, pulse labeled with 3 2 P i , was digested with pancreatic RNAase. Oligonucleotides containing a triphosphate group at the 5′-hydroxyl, and therefore derived from the original beginning ends of the RNA transcripts, were purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography and analyzed by two-dimensional paper electrophoresis. A broad diversity of species was found, although the distribution among these species was not completely uniform. Possible methods of utilizing these methods in combination with in vitro synthetic techniques are discussed.
Selective refinement and selection of near-native models in protein structure prediction

In recent years in silico protein structure prediction reached a level where fully automated servers can generate large pools of near-native structures. However, the identification and further refinement of the best structures from the pool of models remain problematic. To address these issues, we have developed (i) a target-specific selective refinement (SR) protocol; and (ii) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based ranking (SMDR) method. In SR the all-atom refinement of structures is accomplished via the Rosetta Relax protocol, subject to specific constraints determined by the size and complexity of the target. The best-refined models are selected with SMDR by testing their relative stability against gradual heating through all-atom MD simulations. Through extensive testing we have found that Mufold-MD, our fully automated protein structure prediction server updated with the SR and SMDR modules consistently outperformed its previous versions.
Integrated Identification and Robust Control Tuning for Large Space Structures

This paper focuses on system identification for the explicit purpose of supporting modern H ? robust control design objectives. In this analysis, the true plant is not assumed to be in the identification model set. An integrated identification/robust control problem is posed, where the optimal solution guarantees the best robust performance relative to the system information contained in a given experimental data set. A numerical example demonstrating an approximate solution to the problem indicates the usefulness of the approach.
Feng Youlan and Greek Philosophy

The article is to examine Feng Youlan's views about the differences and similarities between Chinese and Greek philosophy, to show the role of Greek philosophy in his effort to establish the study of Chinese philosophical thought as a modern discipline. It starts with a discussion of how Feng argues for what he thinks to be the two major features of Chinese philosophy: (a) China is weak in metaphysics/epistemology, and (b) Chinese philosophy concentrates on the philosophy of life. It proceeds to examine to what extent they are really in contrast to Greek philosophy, and it ends up with a reconsideration of the relation of these two features.
Reflection-Mode Bandstop Filters With Minimum Through-Line Length

This paper presents a technique that enables the design of high-order microwave bandstop filters with a total through-line length of significantly less than one quarter-wavelength at the filter center frequency. The total through-line length using this technique can be zero regardless of the filter order in theory, but it is limited in practice by the finite line length required to obtain a desired coupling magnitude between the through line and a resonator. A fifth-order quasi-elliptic reflection-mode bandstop filter design is shown with total through-line length of less than 1/15th of a wavelength in suspended-stripline technology. The measured response has a 42-MHz 30-dB bandwidth at a center frequency of 3 GHz and four reflection zeros. The bandstop filter design technique described in this paper shows great promise for reducing the size and weight of microwave bandstop filters.
The 23 November 2003 Total Solar Eclipse in Antarctica

Totality at the eclipse of 23 November 2003 will cross land only on Antarctica. Details of the path and contact information for safe observation are provided.
The effect of intravenous fresh frozen plasma administration on fibrinogen and albumin concentrations in sick neonatal foals

Summary This study investigated the immediate (6 h or less) effects of fibrinogen and albumin contained in transfused equine origin fresh frozen plasma on those proteins when measured in sick neonatal foals. Fibrinogen and albumin concentrations were measured in the administered plasma and in 31 sick foals at admission to a referral neonatal intensive care unit. Additional samples were obtained from the foals at 2 and 6 h following transfusion. No changes in albumin concentration were recognised. The main determinant of fibrinogen concentration following transfusion was the concentration of fibrinogen in the foal at admission. Importantly, intravenous transfusion of equine fresh frozen plasma did not result in immediate (6 h or less) increases or decreases in the fibrinogen concentration in the recipient foals. Fibrinogen from the donor contained within transfused plasma will not directly affect fibrinogen concentrations measured at later times.
Creation and pinning of vortex-antivortex pairs

Computer modeling is reported about the creation and pinning of a magnetic vortex-antivortex (V-AV) pair in a superconducting thin film, due to the magnetic field of a vertical magnetic dipole above the film, and two antidot pins inside the film. For film thickness $=0.1\ensuremath{\xi}$, $\ensuremath{\kappa}=2$, and no pins, we find the film carries two V-AV pairs at steady state in the imposed flux range $2.10{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}l{\ensuremath{\Phi}}^{+}l3.0{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$, and no pairs below. With two antidot pins suitably introduced into the film, a single V-AV pair can be stable in the film for ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\geqslant}1.3{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$. At pin separation $\ensuremath{\geqslant}17\ensuremath{\xi}$, we find the V-AV pair remains pinned after the dipole field is removed, and, so can represent a 1 for a nonvolatile memory.
The guinea pig model of diisocyanate sensitization. II. Physiologic studies.

Two strains of guinea pigs were parenterally immunized with well-characterized diisocyanate-protein conjugates. Hapten-specific IgE antibodies were detected in the sera of English short-hair strain guinea pigs immunized with either toluene diisocyanate-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA) or hexamethylene diisocyanate-HSA (HDI-HSA) when these sera were analyzed by the 168 hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) technique followed by intravenous challenges with conjugates of respective ligands coupled to an unrelated carrier protein, transferrin. IgG1 antibodies and precipitating antibodies were demonstrated in Hartley strain guinea pigs immunized with TDI/HDI-HSA conjugates. The hapten specificity of these antibodies was proved by PCA inhibition experiments and antibody absorption experiments. In the precipitating antibody system, this was further confirmed by immunoelectrophoretic analysis. Cross-reactivity between HDI and TDI was not observed in the PCA experiments. However, apparent cross-reactivity in the double gel diffusion experiments was due to new antigenic determinants formed by isocyanates after conjugation with proteins. It was therefore apparent that immune responses of guinea pigs immunized with protein conjugates of bifunctional isocyanates were heterogeneous and involved multiple specificities for hapten, carrier protein, and new antigenic determinants. It was postulated that the complex nature of the immune response generated by diisocyanate compounds in the guinea pig may also serve as a more appropriate model of isocyanate-induced human sensitivity reactions, which are known to involve diverse immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms.
New COCORP profiling in the southeastern United States. Part II: Brunswick and east coast magnetic anomalies, opening of the north-central Atlantic Ocean

New COCORP profiles on the coastal plain of Georgia and northern Florida support the hypothesis that the Brunswick anomaly marks a late Paleozoic suture. They do not support the alternate view that this anomaly is caused by a Mesozoic rift basin. The trend of the Brunswick anomaly relative to the Appalachian gravity gradient indicates that in westernmost Georgia and adjacent Alabama, African basement (Suwannee terrane) is in proximity to autochthonous North American basement (Grenville). Farther east one or more Paleozoic accreted terranes intervene between the North American and African sides of the orogen. Offshore, the Brunswick anomaly closely parallels the east coast magnetic anomaly. This relationship implies that the east coast magnetic anomaly marks not only the present continental/oceanic crustal transition but also the northward continuation of the late Paleozoic suture between North America and Africa. Transitional crust beneath the Carolina Trough, Baltimore Canyon trough, and correlative parts of the African Atlantic margin is thus likely to have formed within a preexisting suture zone. The dramatic change in character of the U.S. Atlantic margin southward from the Carolina Trough to the Blake Plateau probably reflects the fact that two different types of prerift crust are juxtaposed in this region.
Accelerating extinction risk from climate change

Current predictions of extinction risks from climate change vary widely depending on the specific assumptions and geographic and taxonomic focus of each study. I synthesized published studies in order to estimate a global mean extinction rate and determine which factors contribute the greatest uncertainty to climate change–induced extinction risks. Results suggest that extinction risks will accelerate with future global temperatures, threatening up to one in six species under current policies. Extinction risks were highest in South America, Australia, and New Zealand, and risks did not vary by taxonomic group. Realistic assumptions about extinction debt and dispersal capacity substantially increased extinction risks. We urgently need to adopt strategies that limit further climate change if we are to avoid an acceleration of global extinctions.
Treatment of Pyogenic Granuloma in Children With the Flashlamp-pumped Pulsed Dye Laser

Objective. Pyogenic granuloma is a common, acquired, vascular tumor of the skin in children, often ulcerates or bleeds, and is commonly localized to the face. The treatment of choice has been surgical removal, either by excision or shave, followed by electrocautery. The site, young age of the patient, and the inherent nature of surgical removal or electrocautery often make this procedure a traumatic experience. Also, surgical treatment usually leads to permanent scarring. Owing to the pulsed dye laser9s ability to cause selective destruction of superficial capillary-sized cutaneous blood vessels, its ease of operation, and its lack of scarring, we evaluated its use in the treatment of pyogenic granuloma in children. Methods. Twenty-two children with solitary pyogenic granulomas were treated with a vascular-specific (585 nm), pulsed (450 microseconds) dye laser using a 5-mm spot size with a laser energy of 6 to 7 J/cm2 without anesthesia. Retreatments were administered every 2 weeks if necessary until the lesion cleared. Posttreatment care consisted of twice-a-day application of bacitracin ointment. Results. In 20 patients (91%), laser treatment was successful. Five patients (25%) required one treatment for resolution, eight patients (40%) required two treatments, and six patients (30%) required three treatments for clearing. One patient required six treatments before the lesion resolved. There was no correlation with the duration, or site of the lesion, with respect to the number of laser treatments required. Lesions in all 20 children healed without scarring and with excellent cosmetic results. In two patients (9%), laser treatment failed in that there was no response to the initial laser treatment on follow-up 2 weeks later. Both had large pyogenic granulomas (1 cm and .5 cm in diameter, respectively) which were elevated over .5 cm above the surface of the skin. These lesions were surgically removed. None of the patients had a recurrence during the follow-up period of 6 months to 3 years. Conclusion. Pulsed dye lasers are effective and safe for the treatment of small pyogenic granulomas in children and should be considered a treatment option.
Quasi-One-Dimsensional Model for Realistic Three-Dimensional Synthetic Jet Actuators

A systematic methodology for approximating realistic three-dimensional synthetic jet actuators by using a reduced-order model based on the time-dependent compressible quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations is presented. The following major questions are addressed: 1) which three-dimensional actuator geometries are amenable to the quasi-one-dimensional approximation; 2) which three-dimensional actuator parameters should be retained in the quasi-one-dimensional model; 3) which actuator flow regions are essentially multidimensional and are not candidates for reduced-order modeling; and 4) which geometrical features practically do not contribute to the fidelity of the actuator solution. Constraints that should be imposed on the actuator geometry and the flow parameters are discussed. The accuracy of the quasi-one-dimensional model is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data and full time-dependent Navier-Stokes simulation of the same realistic actuator.
Physical model of water in a split-root system

A physical model, based on Darcy's law and an Ohm's-law analogy, was developed to show that water can move from a wetter side of a root system to a drier side or vice versa. In the model, a wick in the form of an inverted Y was used, with the two ends of the Y in separate beakers and the third end (stem) of the Y extending into the air. The left root, right root, and stem were about 6,5, and 4 cm long, respectively. The difference in total head (potential) between the left root and the right root was varied for different potentials applied to the stem. Experiments were done either in a darkened laboratory or with a sunlamp shining on the stem. The stem was thus exposed to low-evaporation (in the dark) or high-evaporation (with the sunlamp) conditions. Total heads (sum of head due to gravity and head due to pressure-other heads were negligible) and flows of water were calculated or measured for each part of the split-root system (left root, right root, crown, stem). The results showed that the direction and quantity of water flowing in each part of the system depended upon the total head for the stem, crown, and each half of the root (the flow could be up, down, left, or right), and that the gravity component of the total head was important in moving water down the plant when light intensity was low.
On the assimilation of the concept ‘set’ in the elementary school mathematics texts

Excerpts from U.S. elementary textbooks in which the concept ‘set’ is incorrectly used serve as items in a questionnaire presented to students in elementary education programs. It was found that though these students had repeated instruction in sets at different academic levels, they were unable to detect incorrect uses of the concept ‘set’ in the excerpts. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Volume localization with a single surface coil

Recently surface coils have been used to obtain high S/N spectra from a variety of tissues and organs. Volume localization has been achieved by using DEPTH pulses ( I ) or rotating-frame techniques (2). These surface-coil localization techniques take advantage of inhomogeneity in the RF field to select a volume from the sample. For example, applying the depth-pulse sequence in Fig. la produces transverse magnetization (as a function of pulse angle e) defined by (cos* e/ 3 ) (cos 6/ 5 ) (sin 3 fl) . This eliminates signal from the 450”, 270”, and 180” high-flux contour regions with a drop of 29% in signal intensity from the 90” contour region, or the volume of interest. Effective use of the DEPTH pulse method requires knowledge of the 7r/2 pulse duration. The volume selected by DEPTH pulses and rotating-frame techniques includes unwanted signals arising from superficial regions close to the coil due to the B1 contours which curve back to the surface of the sample. Bendall et al. (3) have used concentric surface coils with DEPTH pulses to eliminate this surface signal. The additional hardware that has been developed to implement this technique (3,4) does not allow double tuning of either coil, and thus time-correlated ‘H and 31P spectra from localized volumes are not possible. Consequently it is important to develop single-surface-coil methods for obtaining well-localized spectra. We report here single-surface-coil methods that, respectively, (i) correlate the 7r/2 pulse duration with depth into the sample; (ii) allow the volume of interest (VOI) to be shimmed, rather than the entire sample; and (iii) eliminate superficial signals in the 90” contour region. Using these methods we have been able to obtain well-localized ‘H and 31P spectra using a single doubly tuned surface coil. These three methods will be discussed sequentially. Correct choice of the 7r/2 duration is critical in DEPTH-pulse localization techniques. Since the correct pulse duration will vary from sample to sample depending on transmitter power, loading of the coil, placement of sample, and the depth of the volume of interest, it is important to determine the ?r/ 2 duration for each experimen-
“Get Ready for Migration: Clean-Up Your Collection”—What Does That Mean?

This article discusses some of the premigration tasks at Minnesota State Mankato in preparation for migration to a new integrated library system, ALEPH. The authors describe the review of circulation policies to make sure that only relevant, current data and practices were carried over. There is emphasis on the need for ongoing review of policies and procedures to keep current even when migration is not looming ahead. The article ends with a general assessment of the victories and difficulties of the migration from the point-of-view of those involved in Access Services.
Regional variations in dietary intake and body mass index of first-generation Asian-Indian immigrants in the United States.

Abstract Asian Indians (AIs) have considerable within-group diversity in education levels, socioeconomic status, language, and diet based on the region of origin in India. The objective of this study was to determine if dietary intake patterns vary based on region of origin among first generation AI immigrants and if these differences influence body mass index (BMI). AI men and women (n=237), over 40 years, in southern US participated in a telephone survey. Responses to the Block food frequency questionnaire suggest that the diet of the study participants was low in dietary fiber while dietary fat intake was within guidelines. Intake of individual foods varied by region of origin. BMI also varied by region of origin ( P J Am Diet Assoc. 2002; 102:1286-1289 .
The Impact of Smoking and Other Substance Use by Urban Women on the Birthweight of Their Infants

The impact of maternal smoking and other substance use during pregnancy on infant birthweight is demonstrated in a sample of 766 urban women, using data collected in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS). Women residing and giving birth in the District of Columbia were interviewed in 1992. A multivariable linear regression model was used to quantify the association between birthweight and the mother's use of cigarettes, alcohol, or illicit drugs during pregnancy, while controlling for possible confounding variables. The analysis focused on factors, including prenatal care and substance use during pregnancy that may contribute to low birthweight infants born to this sample of urban, predominantly black women. A woman's use of cigarettes, marijuana, and heroin during pregnancy was related to infant birthweight, but her use of alcohol and cocaine during pregnancy was not significantly related. Smoking during pregnancy was a strong predictor for low birthweight, suggesting that targeting more smoking cessation programs for pregnant women, particularly those who may also be illicit drug users, could help reduce adverse health consequences for low birthweight infants.
Newkirk Effect: Thermally Induced Dynamic Instability of High-Speed Rotors

The Newkirk Effect is the vibration change due to thermal distortion of a rotor caused by rubbing on stationary components. B. Newkirk first noticed this phenomenon in 1924 and gave a qualitative explanation for it. The effect is not yet well enough understood. This and the importance of it in designing high-speed turbine rotors demand further work in this area. In this work an analytic study was undertaken. The static bow due to an arbitrary heat input can be found from a convolution integral of a source bow function and a heat function. Utilizing the dynamic response of the system, the resulting dynamic bow was computed. This dynamic bow controls the generated heat and the associated heat function. The resulting model can be described by a complex integral equation which can be transformed into two nonlinear differential equations. The stability and the modes of these equations have been studied. The equations themselves were solved with numerical methods. Three modes of the Newkirk Effect were discovered: spiralling, oscillating, and constant modes. It was found that critical speeds only indirectly influence the modes. The important factor is still the dynamic characteristics of the system in the form of a phase angle. It is believed that this analysis can be used for the design of rotors free of rubbing at wide ranges of speeds.Copyright © 1973 by ASME
Nucleation in the presence of shear

Abstract Light scattering is used to investigate nucleation of a binary fluid mixture exposed to uniform steady-state shear S . The shear ruptures all droplets exceeding a certain size, R = R burst . When S is relatively low so that R burst exceeds the critical radius, R c , the system achieves a steady state, with the droplet size distribution narrowly centered on R c . Under strong shear, where R burst is very close to R c , all the existing droplets suddenly disappear. Also studied is the dependence of the droplet size R ( t ) and droplet density N ( t ) that follows the removal of the steady-state shear at t = 0. When the shear is strong, in the sense defined above, N ( t ) increases much more slowly than when it is weak. We know of no theory that explains this phenomenon.
Bacillus subtilis spores on artificial meteorites survive hypervelocity atmospheric entry: implications for Lithopanspermia.

An important but untested aspect of the lithopanspermia hypothesis is that microbes situated on or within meteorites could survive hypervelocity entry from space through Earth's atmosphere. The use...