cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Cytologic Imprints of Stereotactically Guided Core Needle Biopsies of the Breast in the Management of Patients with Mammographic Abnormalities

: Between 1995 and 1996, 96 consecutive patients with nonpalpable breast lesions detected by abnormal mammogram underwent core needle biopsies under stereotactic guidance at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. The cytologic diagnoses rendered on touch imprints and the histopathologic diagnoses made on the core needle biopsies were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the accuracy and the validity of this procedure. These imprints were made of the cores as on-site evaluation in order to assist the radiologist. Separate diagnoses were rendered on the imprints and the cores. Follow-up excisional/open biopsies were then correlated to determine the usefulness of making touch imprints from the core needle biopsies toward the overall management of a patient with an abnormal mammogram. The core needle biopsies were obtained with a 14-gauge needle and biopsy gun. The cytologic diagnoses rendered on touch imprints and histopathologic diagnoses on core needle biopsies were compared and the concordance rate was determined. The subsequent surgical follow-up was analyzed and correlated with the imprint cytology and the core needle biopsy interpretation to ascertain the pathologic outcome. A total of 100 cases were reviewed: 4 patients had two lesions biopsied. Eighty-four cases showed complete cytohistologic correlation, that is, a high concordance rate. These 84 cases were divided into four categories: malignant (24), atypical (2), benign (55), and unsatisfactory (3). Of these concordant cases, there were 34 subsequent excisional biopsies and all except one confirmed the core needle biopsy diagnosis. The exception had a benign touch imprint and core but the excisional biopsy showed multifocal ductal carcinoma in situ. Of the 100 cases, 16 were nonconcordant (the cytologic diagnosis fell into a different category from the histologic diagnosis). Seven of these nonconcordant cases resulted in excisional biopsies and all but one showed the core diagnosis to be correct. The only exception was a case with atypical cytology and a benign core biopsy with the follow-up excision showing atypia. The rest of the nonconcordant cases with atypical imprints and benign cores had no follow-up surgery, showing that the clinicians are inclined to depend on the core biopsy diagnosis. While our study demonstrates the accuracy and concordance of cytologic touch imprints, the surgical follow-up data reveal that there does not appear to be any additive value to rendering a separate diagnosis on touch imprints of core needle biopsies.
A confining model for charmonium and new gauge-invariant field equations

We discuss a confining model for charmonium in which the attractive force are derived from a new type of gauge field equation with a generalized SU3 gauge symmetry. The new gauge transformations involve non-integrable phase factors with vector gauge functions ω ω (x). These transformations reduce to the usual SU3 gauge transformations in the special case ω μ (x) = ∂ μ ξ a (x). Such a generalized gauge symmetry leads to the fourth-order equations for new gauge fields and to the linear confining potentials. The fourth-order field equation implies that the corresponding massless gauge boson has non-definite energy. However, the new gauge boson is permanently confined in a quark system by the linear potential. We use the empirical potentials of the Cornell group for charmonium to obtain the coupling strength f 2/(4π) ≈ 0.19 for the strong interaction. Such a confining model of quark dynamics could be compatible with perturbation. The model can be applied to other quark-antiquark systems.
Hemorrhagic complications in embolization of a meningioma: case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of hemorrhage in a parasellar meningioma shortly after embolization of the dural cavernous carotid artery branches supplying the tumor. This represents the first report of hemorrhage within a meningioma resulting from embolization with small (50- to 150-μm) polyvinyl alcohol particles, as well as the first reported case of hemorrhage complicating meningioma embolization from internal rather than external carotid artery branch embolization. We also review previously reported cases of postembolization hemorrhage from meningiomas.
Implementation of a Reconfiguration Algorithm for Cognitive Radio

In wireless communication systems, advances in computer architecture and processor technology have made it possible for functionality previously implemented in hardware to become tunable via software. These software-defined radios (SDRs) will allow new radio devices to sense, reason, and adapt to changes in the RF environment and/or application requirements making them cognitive radios (CRs). Fully exploiting the flexibility of cognitive radios, however, requires an understanding of how different permutations of radio parameters impact application-specific performance metrics. For example, a CR that is not meeting its bit loss goals could change its operating frequency to reduce the impact of interference. However, the added overhead from changing frequencies could result in an application failing its latency requirements. This paper describes one such method for configuring a cognitive radio and demonstrates the efficacy of the technique on both a simulation based analysis and an in situ evaluation on a software radio platform. Our reconfiguration system quantifies the influence of radio parameters such as frequency agility, bit rate, and transmit power for adapting communication at the application, medium access control, and physical layers. The method calls for exhaustively evaluating a set of CR configurations against a variety of performance metrics and applying statistical processes to determine which settings will have the most significant impact on performance. Once this is done, the experimental results are then used to inform the design of an algorithm that is able to reconfigure to meet performance goals.
Transient blurred vision in a neurologically decompensating patient.

Ahealthywoman in her 50s presented to the emergency departmentwith a severe headache for 2 days. Head computed tomography findings were negative and the following day, the headache subsided. Soon thereafter, she was noted to bemore forgetful and unsteady. She was seen by an otolaryngologist for left-sided hearing loss and diagnosed as having Meniere disease. Symptoms mildly abated with meclizine hydrochloride and a brief course of steroids. After treatment, she continued to decline neurologically. Subsequently, brain magnetic resonance image findings showed numerous foci of enhancement throughout the brain (Figure 1). Shewas subsequently admitted to the hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis results were normal except for mildly elevated protein (108mg/dL). Findings from cerebrospinal fluid Gram stain and cultures were negative. No oligoclonal bands were found. Test results for human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, enterovirus, West Nile virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, hepatitis, Cryptococcus, Lyme disease, Rickettsia, and Ehrlichia were negative. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein findings were normal. Results from antinuclear antibody, extractable nuclear antigen, rheumatoid factor, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody tests were negative. Chest x-ray showed no hilar adenopathy. She was treated for aseptic meningitis but continued to decline. Ophthalmology was consulted to evaluate the patient when she began to experience transiently blurred vision. On examination, the patient had visual acuity of 20/20 OU. Pupils, intraocular pressure, motility, and confrontational visual fields were normal. External and anterior segment examinations were unremarkable. Dilated fundus examination findings were unremarkable. Quiz at jamaophthalmology.com A B Anterior
A functional domain of bacteriophage λ terminase for prohead binding

Terminase is a multifunctional protein complex involved in DNA packaging during bacteriophage lambda assembly. Terminase is made of gpNul and gpA, the products of the phage lambda Nu1 and A genes. Early during DNA packaging terminase binds to lambda DNA to form a complex called complex I. Terminase is required for the binding of proheads by complex I to form a DNA: terminase: prohead complex known as complex II. Terminase remains associated with the DNA during encapsidation. The other known role for terminase in packaging is the production of staggered nicks in the DNA thereby generating the cohesive ends. Lambdoid phage 21 has cohesive ends identical to those of lambda. The head genes of lambda and 21 show partial sequence homology and are analogous in structure, function and position. The terminases of lambda and 21 are not interchangeable. At least two actions of terminase are involved in this specificity: (1) DNA binding; (2) prohead binding. The 1 and 2 genes at the left end of the 21 chromosome were identified as coding for the 21 terminase. gp1 and gp2 are analogous to gpNu1 and gpA, respectively. We have isolated a phage, lambda-21 hybrid 33, which is the product of a crossover between lambda and 21 within the terminase genes. Lambda-21 hybrid 33 DNA and terminase have phage 21 packaging specificity, as determined by complementation and helper packaging studies. The terminase of lambda-21 hybrid 33 requires lambda proheads for packaging. We have determined the position at which the crossover between lambda DNA and 21 DNA occurred to produce the hybrid phage. Lambda-21 hybrid 33 carries the phage 21 1 gene and a hybrid phage 2/A gene. Sequencing of lambda-21 hybrid 33 DNA shows that it encodes a protein that is homologous at the carboxy terminus with the 38 amino acids of the carboxy terminus of lambda gpA; the remainder of the protein is homologous to gp2. The results of these studies define a specificity domain for prohead binding at the carboxy terminus of gpA.
On‐Line Minicomputerized Measurement of Cardiopulmonary Function On a Breath‐By‐Breath Basis

An on-line minicomputer-based system for determining breath-by-breath respiratory gas exchange (oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production), ventilation (tidal volume, respiratory period, and minute ventilation), partial pressures of end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide, and heart rate is described. The system software includes routines for calibration, signal acquisition and processing, and disk storage of breath-by-breath data. The software is written in Fortran IV and runs under Digital Equipment Corporation's RT-11 system monitor. On-line (real time) computations of breath-by-breath data include instantaneous corrections of: 1) expired gas flow for alterations in gas viscosity, and 2) expired gas fractions for gas analyzer response characteristics. Additional programming provides rapid data reduction and averaging over a user-selected time base. Twelve healthy male volunteers were monitored at rest and during 10-min bouts of exercise at 300, 600, and 900 kpm · min-1, and during recovery. Both the transient and steady state alterations in cardiopulmonary response to these exercise tests were found to compare favorably with standard values established in the exercise physiology literature. The sensitivity and accuracy of this method to monitor both phasic and tonic alterations in cardiopulmonary function during stress underscores its suitability for a wide range of psychophysiologic applications.
Sterol content and metabolism during early growth of Digitalis purpurea

Abstract Sterol mixtures isolated from seed and seedlings of Digitalis purpurea contain cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. Total sterol content averages 0.0065 ± 0.0013% of wet tissue weight for all samples and is independent of age or weight of seedlings. Light-grown seedlings of age 25 days have about 8 times higher sterol content than the original seeds on a per-seedling basis. Plants grown in the dark have almost twice as much sterol content as those grown with light. Seedlings of age up to 25 days contain β-sitosterol as main sterol component but in older plants stigmasterol is present in preponderance. Mevalonic acid-2-C 14 is incorporated into β-sitosterol.
Turbulent heat and mass transfer in smooth pipes

Abstract An analysis of turbulent heat and mass transfer is based on velocity and temperature defect laws in the central portion, combined with a sublayer analysis with velocity as the independent variable. The calculations are in satisfactory agreement with experiments over the entire Prandtl (or Schmidt) number range from 10−3 to 103, except for some discordant results of Frank-Kamenetskii which are generally ignored.
An examination of Pavlovian induction phenomena in differential instrumental conditioning

Thirty three albino rats learned a successive B-W discrimination in Phase I and were then tested for induction in Phase II Both positive and negative induction-like effects appeared in Phase II, but no evidence for induction was found during Phase I discrimination training. The results were seen to be more nearly in line with a simple generalization decrement hypothesis rather than the classical Pavlovian induction hypothesis.
Modeling of spectroscopic measurements of edge recycling

The scaling of particle confinement time with density is studied in detail First, we fit the poloidal Hα brightness distributions measured in a density scan series in the TEXT tokamak. Results of the fit suggest that there is not a monotonic decrease of the mean ionization radius with increase in density. While this detailed fitting procedure is an improvement over fitting global Hα data, it still requires the use of free parameters. We show that three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo calculations may be used to compute the expected Hα lineshape. As several experiments have recently reported measurement of this quantity, comparison of theoretical and measured values should allow improvement in confinement analysis. We have carried out experiments in the ORNL Plasma Materials Interaction Test Facility to measure the Hα lineshape in discharges with CH4 injection into pure D2 plasmas. We have observed the production of H0 by CH4 breakup in PMITF, and have measured the lineshape contribution due to dissociation products in a plasma environment. Finally, since many confinement studies are conducted in “carbonized” devices, we have studied the problem of determining the fueling profile in carbon-rich plasmas by calculating the H0 deposition due to CH4 breakup. We find that the penetration of H0 through the scrape-off layer by CH4 breakup should introduce a significant density scaling in the particle fueling source term.
Early behavioral and histological outcomes following a novel traumatic partial nerve lesion

A new partial nerve lesion (PNL) model is needed to better simulate traumatic lesions seen clinically that result in both dysfunction and neuropathic pain. We assessed surgical variability and several outcome measures including histology during the acute postoperative period. A surgical lesion was created in the rat tibial nerve by removing a segment, later confirmed by myelinated axon counts. Variability in the model was assessed with four different outcome measures during the first postoperative week (n=24), with additional histological outcomes at 7 days (n=13) and pain testing at 21 days (n=9). At 7 days postoperative, the PNL resulted in a tibial functional index (TFI) of -41.3% distinct from a percent motor deficit (PMD) of -76.3%. However, the respective deficits from 2 to 7 days were similar. Either test could detect outliers, but PMD measurements had a lower coefficient of variation and were easier to perform and analyze. The deleted segment contained 26% of the myelinated axons and resulted in distal degeneration that was either 46% based on axon counts or 54% based on area. Replicated experiments confirmed the PMD, muscle atrophy, and formation of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our partial lesion histologically progresses twofold during the first postoperative week with profound behavioral deficits involving both motor and sensory loss. These results based on sensitive and correlative outcome measures support the application of this novel model in experimental nerve lesion studies.
Four-quadrant phase mask coronagraph: analytical calculation and pupil geometry

Of the many novel coronagraphic and nulling techniques that have been suggested to improve image contrast for exoplanet detection, one of the most promising is the Quadrant Phase Mask suggested by Rouan et al. Analysis of this optical system has previously been performed by discrete Fourier transform methods, that result in systematic errors due to the implicit assumptions of the methods and mathematical singularities in the transform of the phase mask. In this paper, we describe an analytical treatment of this optical system that treats these singularities explicitly. We calculate the leakage of a Quadrant Phase Mask Coronagraph with these analytical techniques, and show that a Quadrant Phase Mask rejects all on-axis light for an unaberrated, unobscured circular aperture and is therefore a nearly perfect coronagraph. We demonstrate why the Quadrant Phase Mask coronagraph suffers degraded performance with an obscured aperture, and propose modifications to the pupil geometry to mitigate this problem.
The reduction of cytochrome c by iron EDTA-like complexes: implications on charge effect corrections to mediator-protein rate constants

Abstract The reduction of cytochrome c by a series of ferrous EDTA-like complexes was analyzed by the relative Marcus and Tunneling theories. All of the rate constants were calculated at infinite ionic strengths by the use of the Wherland-Gray equation to eliminate electrostatic effects. Both of the theories predicted the rate constants quite well for most of the complexes. But, for those complexes that cannot completely fill all the coordination sites of the iron (HEDTA, NTA), the rate constants were anomalously low. This would be consistent with an increased tunneling distance due to an increase in the size of the complex due to hydrogen bonding between the coordinated hydroxide and the solvent, or due to poorer interaction between the protein and the more hydrophobic mediators.
Wave Analysis of Mode Localization and Delocalization in Elastically Constrained Strings and Beams

The free vibration response of both a string and a Euler-Bernoulli beam supported by intermediate elastic constraints is studied and analyzed. For both the string and beam systems, curve veering and mode localization are observed in the lower modes when the distance between the elastic constraints is varied. As the mode number increases, the modes of the system become extended indicating that the coupling springs have little effect on the systems at higher modes. A wave analysis is employed to show the effects of the constraints on the coupling of the subsystems and high frequency behavior. The beam may exhibit a delocalization phenomenon where a particular mode experiences no localization while other neighboring modes may be localized. The frequency (termed the delocalization frequency) at which this occurs corresponds to a transmission resonance. The delocalization frequency is predicted well by the vibration ratio (Langley, 1995). The existence and behavior of the delocalization are explained analytically by the wave approach.
Overview of AIM: supporting computer vision on heterogeneous high-performance computing systems

The AIM (Adaptive Image Manager) is a client/server based system providing a computer vision and image processing specific protocol that interfaces to potentially numerous varying computing platforms providing image processing and computer vision support. It provides a unified programming interface for the user despite the potential heterogeneity of the underlying hardware supporting the image processing. Computational platforms currently being studied include the Lockheed Martin PAL system, floating point gate arrays, and symmetric multiprocessors. The Open Distributed Processing Reference Model (ODP-RM) is an ISO standards effort (ISO/IEC 10746-1/2/3/4) to address the specification and implementation f distributed processing systems, providing an architecture for integrating distribution support, interworking, and portability. The ODP Reference Model is exploited in the design to support transparent distribution of image processing and computer vision processes to available computational devices. The AIM System's ODP Model is specified using Object-Z, a formal descriptive notation that is commonly employed for ODP specification. Use of Object-Z notation supports formal analysis of the system's properties, helping us verify that its design satisfies its goals. This paper presents an example image processing algorithm (Simple Image Statistic Thresholding) as a framework for understanding both the method of distribution and the benefits obtained from the use of our model description.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Unstructured Mesh Computations on Networks of Workstations

Unstructured mesh technology can be used to create highly efficient scientific and engineering application software. Networks of workstations (NOWs) provide cost-effective platforms for the timely solution of large problems in science and engineering. The performance of unstructured mesh computations on NOWs is investigated in this article. Several parallel unstructured mesh algorithms are shown informally to have computation and communication characteristics similar to those of parallel sparse matrix-by-vector multiplication. These characteristics are discussed, and the requirements they place on an interconnection network are described. Experimental data are given to summarize the communication parameters of four different NOW configurations. Finally, extensive empirical results are given to characterize the performance of unstructured mesh computations on the four NOWs.
Harmonic pitch: Dependence on resolved partials, spectral edges, and combination tones

Abstract Perceptual weights were estimated in a pitch-comparison experiment to assess the relative influences of individual partial tones on listeners’ pitch judgments. The stimuli were harmonic sounds ( F 0 = 200 Hz ) with partials up to the 12th. Low-numbered partials were removed step-by-step, so that the remaining higher-numbered partials would have a better chance of showing any effect. The individual frequencies of the partials were perturbed randomly on each stimulus presentation, and weights were estimated as the correlation coefficients between the frequency perturbations and the listeners’ responses. When the harmonic sounds contained all twelve partials, the listeners depended mostly on the low-numbered, resolved partials within the well-established dominance region. As the low-numbered partials were taken out of the dominance region, the listeners mostly listened to the lowest and highest partials at the spectral edges. For one listener, such an edge-listening strategy took the form of relying on nonlinear combination tones. Overall, there was no indication of any influence on pitch from unresolved partials, thus no evidence of contribution to pitch from temporal cues carried by this group of partials. The estimated patterns of weights were well described by the predictions of Goldstein’s optimal-processor model. The predicted weights were inversely proportional to the amount of error for estimating the individual frequencies of the partials. The agreement between the predicted and measured weights suggests that, for harmonic sounds, partials whose frequencies are perceived with the best precision will likely have the greatest influence on perceived pitch.
A Study of Changes Occurring in Plasmodium lophurae after Three Years of Continuous Existence in Mice

SUMMARY. The characteristics of Plasmodium lophurae infections in mice have been studied for a period of 3 years. The average height of parasitemias increased steadily for several months then leveled off with but minor changes for the remainder of the time. Gametocytes were found during the ninth month after the passages were begun. Comparison of the strain after 3 years in mice with the same species of parasite maintained constantly in chick embryos indicated that the sojourn in the mouse had temporarily disturbed the mean numbers of merozoites produced.
Nanopatterning of periodically strained surfaces: Predictive kinetic Monte Carlo simulation study

We present a method based on kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to atomically control the nanopatterning by using strain-assisted nucleation of adatom islands on periodically strained surfaces. It is presumed in the model that there is a capping layer of optional thickness terminated by an atomically flat surface above a dislocated interface. By varying the dislocation spacing and geometry as well as the capping layer material and thickness, the surface strain field can be modified. For the model system Co on Pt(111) the optimal growth condition is demonstrated for a surface strain field of period 9 nm for structures with an 8–10-ML-thick Pt capping layer. For these parameters strongly enhanced nucleation at maxima in the periodic strain field is achieved. We study also the effects on the self-organization of strain-relaxed adatom islands and the effects of modified potential energy barriers at step edges, i.e., the Ehrlich–Schwoebel (ES) barriers. Both strain relaxation and ES barriers are found to be of large importance for the nanopatterning. Finally, various nanostructures obtained for different strain fields including parallel, rhomboid, and hexagonal geometries are considered. The method described in this investigation is not restricted to the “Co on Pt(111)” and “Ag on Ag(111)” model systems. The simulation model is of general interest to predict strain-assisted growth of metals and also of semiconductors.
Memory reference caching for activity reduction on address buses

Abstract Switching activity on I/O pins of a chip is a measurable contributor to the total energy consumption of the chip. In this work, we present an encoding mechanism that reduces switching activity of external address buses by combining a memory reference caching mechanism with Unit Distance Redundant Codes (UDRC). UDRC are codes that guarantee a Hamming distance of at most one between any pair of encoded symbols. Memory reference caching exploits the fact that memory references are likely to be made up of an interleaved set of sequential streams. Memory reference caching isolates these, otherwise interleaved, streams and limits the communication to an UDRC encoded message that identifies the particular stream, at the cost of at most a single bit-transition. Experiments with 18 embedded system as well as general applications show an average of 58% reduction in switching activity, with the best and worse cases being 86 and 36%, respectively. The maximum performance penalty (i.e. critical-path delay) for a proposed encoder and decoder is 16 and 14 gates, respectively. The area overhead for a proposed encoder and decoder is equivalent to 2033 and 1858 2-input NAND gates, respectively.
Comer’s School Development Program in Chicago: Effects on Involvement With the Juvenile Justice System From the Late Elementary Through the High School Years

In 2000, Cook, Murphy, and Hunt published a multilevel study of Chicago inner-city schools in order to evaluate James Comer’s School Development Program (SDP). One main finding was that SDP reduced the rate of change and final posttest mean when delinquency was assessed annually between Grades 5 and 8 using a self-report measure of acting out. The present study examined whether these same mean and slope effects would be observed when delinquency was measured from juvenile justice system records instead of self-reports. Hierarchical models of official statistics revealed no evidence favoring SDP between Grades 5 and 8, and the same was basically true during the high school years. So the Chicago variant of SDP did not have a general effect on reducing delinquency. Speculations are offered about why the two delinquency measures produced different results.
New Geographies 3: Urbanisms of Color

Review by David L. Hays University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignTo many readers, the title Urbanisms of Color will suggest an exploration of race and space. However, as editor Gareth Doherty notes ...
Endothermic Ion Molecule Reactions.

Endothermic ion-molecule reactions in a tandem mass spectrometer have been used for a number of years for determining thermodynamic quantities, such as heats of formation and proton affinities, for gaseous ions. Recently, the reactive, endothermic collision has been exploited as an analytical technique for the structural analysis of peptides and other biomolecules. The technique is based upon the endothermic transfer of protons associated with amide bonds to ammonia. This reaction proceeds via a long-lived collision complex. When additional beam energy is supplied, other dissociation channels are opened up, leading to the production of sequence ions for the mass-selected, protonated analyte that are normally observed in high energy collision-induced dissociation spectra. The advantage, however, is that such spectra can be produced at very low beam energies. In this article, the rationale for developing this scheme, and its roots in previous ion-molecule studies, are explored.
Automatically Creating Lexical Entries for ULTRA, a Multilingual MT System*

In this paper, we describe both a multi-lingual, interlingual MT system (ULTRA) and a method of extracting lexical entries for it automatically from an existing machine-readable dictionary (LDOCE). We believe the latter is original and the former, although not the first interlingual MT System by any means, may be first that is symmetrically multi-lingual. It translates between English, German, Chinese, Japanese and Spanish and has vocabularies in each language based on about 10,000 word senses.
Relative canine size, behavior and diet in male ceboids

Abstract The relationship between interspecific variation in maxillary canine size (projection and basal crown area) and several variables, including body mass, social behavior, diet, testis size and heritage was assessed for male ceboids. Data indicate that all of these variables contribute to an explanation of variation in male ceboid canine size. Similar results were obtained both from measures of male canine size and from two methodological approaches (residual analysis and rank orderings based on direct measures of relative canine size). These data also show that measures of sexual dimorphism may hide noteworthy differences between species as well as obscure the selective impact some variables have on canine size.
A positive guide to anterior tooth placement

Abstract Measurements on cephalometric roentgenograms were made to indicate the stability of certain anatomic landmarks as related to dentulous and edentulous patients. The findings of the three tests demonstrate: 1. The gingival two thirds rather than the incisal one third of the maxillary central incisors acted as main support of the lip in 70 out of 100 patients. 2. The alveolar bone of maxillary central incisors is anterior to pointA. 3. The most labial portion of the maxillary central incisor is anterior to pointA and to the alveolar bone. 4. After extraction of anterior teeth, pointA remains relatively constant. 5. The labial border of the denture, when fully extended and kept within the physiologic tolerance of the patient, lies in very close proximity to pointA.
Adolescent contraceptive behavior: The impact of the provider and the structure of clinic-based programs

Objective : To characterize general trends in research on the impact of provider variables on adolescent contraceptive behavior and to identify useful frameworks for designing clinic-based programs aimed at reducing unintended adoles cent pregnancy. Data Sources : A computerized search of Psychological Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, and MEDLINE identified English-language articles from 1990 to 1995 on adolescent contraceptive behavior in the United States. All relevant citations within these articles also were examined. Methods of Study Selection : Studies were selected that focused on any aspect of provider characteristics as they relate to adolescent contraceptive behavior. Tabulation, Integration, and Results : Based on a conceptual integration of the articles, three general research issues on provider characteristics were identified; 1) the effectiveness of adolescent-based clinic programs and provider variables that discriminate successful versus unsuccessful programs, 2) the effects of parental notification policies on adolescent clinic use, and 3) whether the presence of clinics promotes sexual activity on the part of adolescents. Issues that must be considered in the structuring of provider-based programs include the strategic focus of the program, the target behaviors, the target population, and the structuring of educational materials. Conclusion : The effectiveness of adolescent-based clinic programs is mixed. Parental notification of adolescent use of a clinic can, in some cases, decrease the likelihood of clinic use. There is little convincing evidence that the presence of adolescent clinics promotes sexual activity.
Further delineation of hydrophobic binding sites in dopamine D2/D3 receptors for N-4 substituents on the piperazine ring of the hybrid template 5/7-{[2-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-propyl-amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-ol

Here we report a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of analogues of 5/7-{[2-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-propyl-amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-ol. Our SAR is focused on introduction of various substitutions in the piperazine ring of the hybrid template. The goal behind this study is to delineate the nature of the binding pocket for N-aryl substitution in the piperazine ring by observing the effect of various hydrophobic and other heteroaromatic substitutions on binding affinity (K(i)), as measured with tritiated spiperone and HEK-293 cells expressing either D(2) or D(3) receptors. Functional activity of selected compounds was assessed with the GTPgammaS binding assay. Compound 8d was the most selective for the D(3) receptor in the spiperone binding assay. An interesting similarity in binding affinity was observed between isoquinoline derivative D-301 and the 2-substituted pyridine derivative 8d, suggesting the importance of relative spatial relationships between the N-atom of the ligand and the molecular determinants of the binding pocket in D(2)/D(3) receptors. Functional activity assays demonstrated high potency and selectivity of (+)-8a and (-)-28b (D(2)/D(3) (ratio of EC(50)): 105 and 202, respectively) for the D(3) receptor and both compounds were more selective compared to the reference drug ropinirole (D(2)/D(3) (ratio of EC(50)): 29.5).
Complex linear polycondensation—I Semi-batch reactor

Abstract A kinetic model which takes into account the presence of zero and monofunctional as well as bifunctional species was shown to correlate experimental ester interchange reaction data from the literature. In a second study, the two-stage production of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in a well-stirred semi-batch reactor was simulated. Zero and monofunctional species present in the product from the “monomerization” stage, which ordinarily result in “end-capping” in the second stage, were shown to lead to a higher molecular weight product under certain conditions of the relative reaction rates.
Rotation sets and monotone periodic orbits for annulus homeomorphisms

Iff is a homeomorphism of the annulus andp/q is a rational in lowest terms that is contained in the rotation set off thenf has a (p, q)-topologically monotone periodic orbit. In addition, iff has ap/q-period orbit that is not topologically monotone then the Farey interval ofp/q is contained in the rotation set off.
Scholarly Belief and Attitude Formation: The Case of the Radical Economics Paradigm*

Abstract Samples of three organizations: The American Economic Association, the Union of Radical Political Economics, and the Association for Evolutionary Economics, were obtained in an effort to determine the social forces which create a radical paradigm in contemporary economics. Radicalism is maintained through the operation of (1) social forces external to the discipline, namely, low levels of religiosity and modest income, as well as prior political socialization through natal family political interest and student activism, and (2) forces internal to the discipline and found within its professional socialization subsystem. A structural model incorporating these variables and emphasizing the adoption of an academic perspective consistent with prior political socialization was tested by means of LISREL VII analysis.
Best Practices for Professional School Counselors Working with LGBTQ Youth

This article provides an overview of best practices for professional school counselors working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) youth. The authors provide a rationale for this work and introduce ethical and legal issues that further support this work. Authors then introduce potential points of professional school counselor collaboration across a comprehensive, developmental model of school counseling. The article concludes with a review of systemic change strategies that can facilitate a school culture that supports the unique needs of all youth, specifically LGBTQ youth.
A Comment on CSWEP

Milton Friedman corresponded with Carolyn Shaw Bell about the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP) in 1973. What follows is a distillation of those remarks.
Environmental learning of first-time travelers

Abstract A major objective in the marketing tourism services is to increase the activities and commerce of tourists within an area or location. The extent of environmental learning and knowledge exerts a significant influence on such an objective. This study addressed the factors influencing the rate and degree of environmental learning of first-time visitors to an international destination. The relative contributions of direct experience, and direct and indirect sources of information to tourists learning of a new environment, were examined in this empirical study of visitors to a European city. Implications for increasing visitors' learning of and commerce with tourist attractions and retail elements in an area through marketing and promotion are discussed.
Evaluation of the spin-orbit interaction within the graphically contracted function method.

The graphically contracted function (GCF) method is extended to include an effective one-electron spin-orbit (SO) operator in the Hamiltonian matrix construction. Our initial implementation is based on a multiheaded Shavitt graph approach that allows for the efficient simultaneous computation of entire blocks of Hamiltonian matrix elements. Two algorithms are implemented. The SO-GCF method expands the spin-orbit wave function in the basis of GCFs and results in a Hamiltonian matrix of dimension N{sub dim} = N{sub a} ((S{sub max} + 1){sup 2} ? S{sub min}{sup 2}). N{sub a} is the number of sets of nonlinear arc factor parameters, and S{sub min} and S{sub max} are respectively the minimum and maximum values of an allowed spin range in the wave function expansion. The SO-SCGCF (SO spin contracted GCF) method expands the wave function in a basis of spin contracted functions and results in a Hamiltonian matrix of dimension N{sub dim} = N{sub a}. For a given N{sub a} and spin range, the number of parameters defining the wave function is the same in the two methods after accounting for normalization. The full Hamiltonian matrix construction with both approaches scales formally as O(N{sub a}{sup 2}{omega}n{sup 4}) for n molecular orbitals. The {omega} factormore » depends on the complexity of the Shavitt graph and includes factors such as the number of electrons, N, and the number of interacting spin states. Timings are given for Hamiltonian matrix construction for both algorithms for a range of wave functions with up to N = n = 128 and that correspond to an underlying linear full-CI CSF expansion dimension of over 10{sup 75} CSFs, many orders of magnitude larger than can be considered using traditional CSF-based spin-orbit CI approaches. For Hamiltonian matrix construction, the SO-SCGCF method is slightly faster than the SO-GCF method for a given N{sub a} and spin range. The SO-GCF method may be more suitable for describing multiple states, whereas the SO-SCGCF method may be more suitable for describing single states.« less
Measurement of Acid Reaction Rates of a Deep Dolomitic Gas Reservoir

A rotating disk instrument was used to measure acid reaction rates, reaction order, and activation energy of reservoir rock from a deep dolomitic gas reservoir in Saudi Arabia. These values are required to optimize acidizing simulations. Results of more than 50 experiments are reported in this paper. Measurements were made from room temperature to 85° C at rotational speeds of 100 to 1,000 r/min and acid concentrations of 0.05 to 5 M HCl (0.2 to 17 wt%). The results show how acid dissolution rates change as the reservoir rock varied from 3 to 100 wt% dolomite. Factors affecting the measured parameters are discussed in detail. It was found that the reactivity of the rock varied from values expected for pure calcite marble to those expected for pure dolomite marble. At grain densities near 2.72 kg/dm 3 (expected for pure calcite), rock dissolution rates varied by more than an order of magnitude, due to rock mineralogy. At grain densities near 2.83 kg/dm 3 (expected for pure dolomite), rock dissolution rates were higher than that observed with pure dolomitic marble. Reaction rates depended on mineralogy and the presence of trace components such as clays.
Mutagenicity of ultrasound in cultured mammalian cells

Chinese hamster V79 cells were exposed in suspension to 1 MHz continuous wave ultrasound at spatial peak intensities of 7 and 35 W/cm2. Exposure durations were from 10 to 180 sec, so as to encompass the first decade of decreased survival at each intensity. Exposure at 35 W/cm2 resulted in the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants. The mutation frequency was approximately one-tenth that induced by x rays at similar survival levels. No mutagenesis was observed at 7 W/cm2. Results are consistent with free radical formation as the mechanism responsible for ultrasound-induced mutagenesis.
HABITAT PATCH OCCUPANCY DYNAMICS OF GLAUCOUS‐WINGED GULLS (LARUS GLAUCESCENS) II: A CONTINUOUS‐TIME MODEL

. The diurnal distribution and abundance dynamics of loafing Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) were examined at Protection Island National Wildlife Refuge, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. Asynchronous movement of gulls among three habitat patches dedicated to loafing was modeled as a function of environmental variables using differential equations. Multiple time scale analysis led to the derivation of algebraic models for habitat patch occupancy dynamics. The models were parameterized with hourly census data collected from each habitat patch, and the resulting model predictions were compared with observed census data. A four-compartment model explained 41% of the variability in the data. Models that predict the dynamics of organism distribution and abundance enhance understanding of the temporal and spatial organization of ecological systems, as well as the decision-making process in natural resource management.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy and social stress on body fat distribution in surgically postmenopausal monkeys

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and social stress on body fat distribution in an animal model of women’s health, the female cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). DESIGN/SUBJECTS: Adult female cynomolgus monkeys were ovariectomized and fed an atherogenic diet for two years while housed in social groups of 3–8 monkeys each. Animals were then fed a lipid-lowering diet and randomized into four experimental groups: a baseline group which was necropsied immediately and not included in the study reported here, 26 females fed diet only (CONTROL), 22 females fed diet plus conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), and 21 females fed the diet plus CEE and medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE+MPA). Treatment lasted 30 months. MEASUREMENTS: During the last nine months of treatment, social status was determined three times at three month intervals. At the end of the study, whole body obesity and fat distribution patterns were determined using anthropometry and computerized tomography (CT). RESULTS: The addition of a progestin to the estrogen replacement regimen administered to surgically postmenopausal monkeys, increased all anthropometric and CT measures of obesity except intra-abdominal fat. HRT had no effect on patterns of fat distribution. Socially-dominant, ovariectomized females were more obese than subordinates using both anthropometric and CT measurements of whole body obesity. Dominant females were more likely to have their fat deposited centrally as measured anthropometrically. However, CT measures revealed a trend for dominants to preferentially deposit fat in the subcutaneous abdominal depot in contrast to subordinates who deposited fat in the intra-abdominal depot. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that progestins, when administered in combination with estrogens, may increase fat deposition, particularly in subcutaneous depots. In addition, the social stress experienced by subordinate monkeys, may have mild effects on fat deposition patterns, even after removal of ovarian function as a factor. These observations may have implications for treatment recommendations in postmenopausal women. Lastly, CT may measure different characteristics of fat distribution than skinfolds and circumferences.
Characterization of nonmelanoma skin cancer for light therapy using spatial frequency domain imaging

The dosimetry of light-based therapies critically depends on both optical and vascular parameters. We utilized spatial frequency domain imaging to quantify optical and vascular parameters, as well as estimated light penetration depth from 17 nonmelanoma skin cancer patients. Our data indicates that there exist substantial spatial variations in these parameters. Characterization of these parameters may inform understanding and optimization of the clinical response of light-based therapies.
Primary care physicians' beliefs and practices toward maternal depression.

Abstract Background: The negative impact of maternal depression on both the mother and her offspring highlight the importance of managing (diagnosing/treating) maternal depression in primary care. Despite this heightened emphasis, many primary care physicians (PCPs) still fail to diagnose and treat maternal depression in their patients. To address this apparent gap between opportunity for care and actual care delivery, the present surveillance study examined the relationships among PCPs' beliefs, knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers toward and practices related to managing maternal depression. Methods: A total of 232 PCPs (obstetrians, pediatricians, and family medicine practitioners) residing in Southeastern Virginia completed a 60-item survey, by either web or mail in 2006. The 60-item survey contained questions pertaining to demographics, attitudes, beliefs, efficacy, current practices, and perceived barriers regarding the management of maternal depression. Chi-square and one-way ANOVAs ana...