cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping with Climate Variability

This chapter reviews the current water situation in Southern California, and explains the predilection, capacity, and strategies of municipal water agencies to innovate. Drawing on data collected in Southern California, as well as in the Pacific Northwest and the Potomac Basin, the values held by municipal water agencies are discussed, as well as the incentives, sources, and processes for innovation. Finally, the chapter relates these findings to the future of equitable distribution of water resources in the far west border region of California, Nevada, Arizona, and northern Mexico.
"Les psychoses passionnelles" reconsidered: a review of de Clérambault's cases and syndrome with respect to mood disorders.

While de Clerambault's name has been linked to erotic delusions, he attempted to describe "pure" erotomania as a paradigm of a broader group of delusions. His own cases and a large number in the English and French literature seem to indicate that severe mood disorder, most likely bipolar affective disorder, is responsible for a portion of the erotomanic delusions. The concept of "les psychoses passionnelles" in the context of French psychiatry is reviewed.
Measuring the specific gravity of small amounts of urine

Summary A simple method has been described, for determining the specific gravity of urine with a few drops of specimen, and of satisfactory accuracy for clinical use.
Loss of IL-4 Secretion from Human Type 1a Diabetic Pancreatic Draining Lymph Node NKT Cells

Altered frequency and function of peripheral invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been implicated in the regulation of murine and human type 1a diabetes. To examine regulatory cells from the site of drainage of autoinflammatory tissue and autoantigenic T cell priming in diabetes, we directly cloned iNKT cells from human pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PLN). From 451 T cell clones from control and diabetic PLN, we derived 55 iNKT cells by two methods and analyzed function by cytokine secretion. iNKT cell clones isolated from control PLN secreted IL-4 and IFN-γ upon TCR stimulation. For type 1a diabetic subjects, PLN iNKT cell clones from three samples secreted IFN-γ and no IL-4. In a rare recent onset diabetic sample with islet-infiltrating CD4+ T cells, the phenotype of PLN iNKT cell clones was mixed. From normal and diabetic PLN, one-third of CD1d tetramer+-sorted T cell clones were reactive with CD1d transfectants or proliferated/secreted cytokine in response to α-galactosylceramide-pulsed PBMCs; tetramer-staining T cell clones from diabetic PLN did not secrete IL-4. This is the first report directly examining iNKT cells from lymph nodes draining the site of autoimmunological attack in humans; iNKT cells were altered in cytokine secretion as previously reported for circulating iNKT cells in human type 1a diabetes.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Effect of Hydroxylamine on Hemoglobin Assembly in Rabbit Reticulocytes

Abstract Rabbit reticulocytes were pulse-labeled with [3H]leucine in a medium supporting protein synthesis in the absence or presence of 10-3 m hydroxylamine. When hydroxylamine was present, incorporation into soluble globin (primarily α chains) and α-hemoglobin intermediates was decreased and that into completed α2β2-hemoglobin was increased compared to the control without hydroxylamine. These results are similar to those found previously (Kruh, J., and Blum, N. (1968) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 161, 215–222). Hydroxylamine also stimulated the conversion of previously synthesized globin and α-hemoglobin into α2β2-hemoglobin in an isolated cell supernatant in the absence of de novo protein synthesis; the incorporated polypeptides were not loosely bound to pre-existing hemoglobin and appeared to be part of α2β2-hemoglobin structure. Methemoglobin was formed during the incubations with hydroxylamine. Moreover, ferricyanide ion also stimulated the conversion of soluble α chain intermediates into completed hemoglobin in a manner similar to that of hydroxylamine. These results and those of other investigations are consistent with the hypothesis that hydroxylamine stimulates the conversion of a small soluble pool of α-hemoglobin chains into α2β2-hemoglobin by an exchange mechanism. This mechanism probably occurs by the following steps: (a) hydroxylamine promotes the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin; (b) some of the ferriheme groups readily dissociate from the methemoglobin β chains, forming a small pool of α2hβ2o-semihemoglobin; (c) the semihemoglobin further partially dissociates into α-hemoglobin and β-globin chains; and (d) α-hemoglobin chains are incorporated into completed hemoglobin by reassociation in the reverse direction.
Photometry of Selected Cepheids

Cepheids with periods around 15 days sometimes show a reversal, or dip, in their light curves near phase 0.85. The theoretical interpretation of this feature is still in doubt. We present a list of suspected dip Cepheids, accessible to small telescopes, which need additional photometry to verify the dip.
“Museveni's Uganda: Paradoxes of Power in a Hybrid Regime” by Aili Mari Tripp

This is a short book, packed with implications for the future of African political regimes. Uganda is a relatively small country in East Africa in comparison to Sudan and Congo, its geographically ...
First Place—Resident Clinical Science Award 1998: Parents cannot detect mild hearing loss in children

Abstract Otitis media with effusion is among the most common illnesses of childhood and is often associated with chronic or persistent middle ear effusion (MEE). Our goal was to develop and validate a self-administered parent survey that would identify children at high risk for mild hearing loss caused by MEE. We evaluated 115 children. Parents rated their child’s hearing using the HL-7, a 7-item self-administered survey, and a global visual-analog scale. Static admittance and gradient were recorded. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the HL-7 were compared with the 4-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) hearing level (HL) for the better hearing ear. The HL-7 had good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Survey scores correlated well with the global hearing rating (R = 0.67, P
HEREDITARY RENAL DYSFUNCTION AND DEAFNESS.

For the past six years we have been engaged in the study of 476 members of seven families with hereditary renal disease and deafness. We have been profoundly impressed with the commonness of the syndrome and by the wide spectrum of clinical findings with which the disorder may present. We have often uncovered the syndrome successfully mimicking acute and chronic nephritis and pyelonephritis in university hospitals and schools for the deaf, and we suspect a much greater frequency than is generally recognized. The clinical features of families with this disorder are remarkedly similar in spite of the broad clinical spectrum of the disease in individual patients. This had led us to consider the syndrome as a single disease state. Males with deafness in the first two decades of life have more severe renal impairment, and risk of early death is much higher in this group. A significant number of males were found to have little hearing impairment early in life and, although urinary sediment abnormalities were present, to run a more chronic course. Late in life this group has unequivocal evidences of renal disease and progressive hearing impairment, but a shortened life span does not seem to be characteristic. Urinary sediment in both groups of males is characterized by red cells; proteinuria and (less frequently) pyuria are sometimes associated with the hematuria, and on rare occasion isolated pyuria may be present. Otitis media is suggestively but not significantly increased in our affected males; eye defects, particularly myopic refractive errors, are significantly increased in the affected females. No single, simple diagnostic test has been found. The importance of a careful history and repeated urine examination and a high index of suspicion when these techniques reveal abnormality has been shown, and certain clinical criteria for diagnosis which have proven of value have been offered.
The impact of legislation on future technology development.

In this paper I examine some of the factors influencing technology development and attempt to explain whether CLIA '88 enhances the opportunities or exacerbates the problems for U.S.-based technology development. The viewpoint I express is concentrated on the clinical chemistry segment of the diagnostics arena.
Selenium volatilization in roots and shoots: Effects of shoot removal and sulfate level

Summary Broccoli plants were grown hydroponically in growth chambers with 20 μM Se supplied as selenate. The separate contributions of root and shoot to the volatilization of Se by plants supplied with six different levels of sulfate (ranging from 0 to 10 mM) in half-Hoagland's nutrient solution were determined. Most of the Se volatilized by broccoli plants was from the roots which volatilized about 26 times faster than the rate of shoots. The removal of the shoot markedly increased the amount of Se volatilized over the following 72 h, the detopped root attaining rates that were 20 to 30 times the rate of the intact root. Comparable results were also obtained for five additional species; rice, cabbage, cauliflower, chinese mustard, and wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea). Part of the volatilization of Se by plants may involve microbes, i.e., bacteria. This is indicated by the fact that when prokaryotic antibiotics were added to the nutrient solution, the total rate of Se volatilization by root (broccoli) and nutrient solution was significantly decreased, much more than could be accounted for by the loss of microbial volatilization from the nutrient solution alone.
Heuristic approach for generic audio data segmentation and annotation

A real-time audio segmentation and indexing scheme is presented in this paper. Audio recordings are segmented and classified into basic audio types such as silence, speech, music, song, environmental sound, speech with the music background, environmental sound with the music background, etc. Simple audio features such as the energy function, the average zero-crossing rate, the fundamental frequency, and the spectral peak track are adopted in this system to ensure on-line processing. Morphological and statistical analysis for temporal curves of these features are performed to show differences among different types of audio. A heuristic rule-based procedure is then developed to segment and classify audio signals by using these features. The proposed approach is generic and model free. It can be applied to almost any content-based audio management system. It is shown that the proposed scheme achieves an accuracy rate of more than 90% for audio classification. Examples for segmentation and indexing of accompanying audio signals in movies and video programs are also provided.
Clinical aspects of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.

Abstract In recent years, interest has grown throughout the radiotherapy community in investigation and clinical application of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. IMRT removes the usual reliance on flat (or uniform-intensity) radiation fields, and instead replaces that simple paradigm with a variable-intensity pattern that is usually determined with the aid of a computerized optimization algorithm. The main goal of much IMRT and optimization work is the delivery of more conformal plans to the patient. Thus, IMRT has the potential to improve target coverage and reduce inhomogeneities observed within the breast (and regional lymph nodes) that are obtained with standard plans. Furthermore, IMRT may be able to reduce doses delivered to the heart and lungs, and may potentially minimize further the probability of complications from radiotherapy. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Portfolio Considerations in the Valuation of Real Estate

When a real asset rises in price faster than inflation (as real estate did in the late 1970s) and rises significantly in price over an extended period (as real estate has done for the last decade and one-half), it concerns valuation and investment professionals who fear about it being over-valued. One of the reasons for such price performance may be an increase in demand due to the portfolio characteristics of the asset during the period of time in question. For real estate this means the proportion included in optimal portfolios should be significant and increasing as individual tax rates increase in an environment of increasing average tax rates. This study uses six tax brackets (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) and portfolios consisting of three traditional assets (NYSE common stocks, corporate bonds and small stocks) plus three types of real estate (residential, business and farmland) to demonstrate that this is what has transpired in the real estate markets. Optimal portfolio weights are derived for each asset for after-tax portfolios. Real estate in general and residential real estate especially increased as a proportion of the optimal after-tax portfolio as individual tax rates increased. Other studies are used to demonstrate an environment of increasing average tax rates.
Mathematics of insulation-aging calculations

Equations are developed for the calculation of insulation aging in apparatus, in which it is recognized that the temperature of the apparatus usually changes in accordance with an exponential relation. The results from this method are compared with the simplification usually made of assuming rectangular temperature cycles and also with the assumption of a triangular temperature cycle. Insulation aging rate is based on the use of the Arrhenius chemical reaction rate theory, which relates insulation deterioration to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. All aging values are in terms of relative aging, which assigns a value of unit aging to a specified temperature. To establish the errors involved in the simplifying assumptions conventionally used in aging computations, the calculations in this paper are carried out to more significant figures than basic aging data and time constants would justify.
Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration with ETgages.

Three years of daily reference evapotranspiration measured by atmometers ( ETg ) were compared to the values computed from the ASCE standardized Penman–Monteith equation ( ETr ) using co-located me...
Till Discord Do Us Part: The Role of Physical and Verbal Conflict in Union Disruption

The focus of this study was the extent to which physical aggression and, to a lesser extent, verbal conflict predict relationship dissolution in a national sample. Data were from a 5- to 7-year follow-up of 3,508 married and cohabiting couples in the National Survey of Families and Households. Controlling for demographic factors and verbal conflict, male violence significantly elevated the risk of disruption between waves. Female violence was not a predictor of disruption. Much of the effect of male violence was accounted for by its association with reduced relationship quality. The impact of male violence did not appear to differ according to the female partner's socioeconomic resources or whether couples were in formal or informal unions.
Nonkinetic changes in heat-treated glasslike carbons part I: Pore size and bulk dimensions☆

Abstract Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements have been used to characterize the radius of gyration R g of the pores in a glasslike carbon heat treated between 1000 and 2800°C for periods up to 150 hours. Measurements were also made of the irreversible bulk dimensional changes Δl . In both cases, a nonkinetic increase occurs when the heat treatment temperature is increased stepwise to a higher value. The relative changes ΔR g / R g and Δl / l exhibit a similar three-region behavior: an initial increase with the annealing temperature up to 1600°C, a plateau up to about 2200°C, and thereafter an increase again. However, the maximum dilatation Δl / l is scarcely 3% whereas the increase in ΔR g / R g is twofold. The first region is attributed to a gas pressure mechanism, and the highest-temperature region results from strain relief due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the layers in graphitic materials. The intermediate region is explained by a combination of both mechanisms.
The dielectrostriction effect for NDE of polymeric materials

A novel approach for NDE of polymeric materials utilizing the dielectrostriction effect is presented. Any dielectric material exhibits dielectrostriction effect which is defined as variation of dielectric properties of the material with deformation. This phenomenon resembles well known photoelastic effect which has been widely used for NDE of transparent materials. The major difference is that dielectrostriction measurements can be conducted using a lower frequency than optical range of electromagnetic field. Thus, the dielectrostriction measurements can be administered to any, even non-transparent, material for in-line monitoring of strains and stresses. In addition, no mechanical contact is required for dielectrostriction measurements. Therefore, there is no problem with interface and attachment of the sensing element to the monitored part. A potential of dielectrostriction phenomenon for NDE is not completely explored at this time and would be the subject of future extensive studies. We will show its feasibility for monitoring undesirable features such as fatigue, cracks and residual stresses in dielectric materials. In this paper, we will present theoretical background and experimental data for dielectrostriction study of polymeric parts manufactured under various processing conditions.
Drug dependence: stress and dysregulation of brain reward pathways.

The motivating factors for the development, maintenance and persistence of drug addiction can be distilled to four major sources of reinforcement in drug dependence: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, conditioned positive reinforceŽ ment and conditioned negative reinforcement Wikler, . 1973 . In addition to the major sources of reinforcement in drug dependence, both the persistence of ongoing addiction, as well as the relapse to drug addiction, days, months or years after the last use of the drug may be due, in part, not only to the conditioned positive and negative reinforcement, and also to the negative reinforcement of protracted abstiŽ nence when that exists as, for instance, has been well . documented in the case of opiate addiction but also to much more subtle factors which result from chronic changes or abnormalities in the brain following chronic exposure to a drug of abuse due to the Ž intrinsic neuroplasticity of the brain Dole et al., . 1966; Kreek, 1987, 1992 . These changes may contribute to a general, ill-defined feeling of dysphoria, anxiety or abnormality and also could be considered a Ž form of protracted abstinence Koob and LeMoal, . 1997 . In addition, genetic factors and early environmental factors may contribute to variations or abnormalities in neurobiologic function which may yield some individuals more vulnerable, both to the initial acquisition of drug addiction, as well as relapse to drug use once achieving the abstinent state. Extensive studies both in animal models of a variety of types, as well as basic clinical research in humans, using neu-
Designing nanogel carriers for antibacterial applications

We have developed a novel and simple synthesis route to create nanosized (∼5nm) silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) embedded in a biocompatible nanogel (NG) comprising degradable, natural polymers, namely dextran and lysozyme. In this study, we prepared hybrid nanogels with varying lysozyme content, evaluated their potential to reduce Ag NPs in situ (using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, cryo-transmission electronic microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and determined their antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Lysozyme was found to enhance nucleation and stabilization of Ag NPs while limiting their growth. As lysozyme concentration increased, larger nanogels with greater loading of smaller Ag NPs were obtained. The antibacterial properties of hybrid NGs were found to depend upon nanogel type and bacterial conditions. Hybrid nanogels with the largest Ag NPs showed the lowest minimum inhibition concentration. However, the greatest bacterial killing efficiency (up to 100%) occurred within 1h if the bacteria were exposed to hybrid nanogels with smaller Ag NPs while agitating the medium. These results suggest that nanogel properties as well as antibacterial activity can be tuned by varying the lysozyme content. By targeting drug delivery (e.g. ligand grafted surface), these nanogels can be used to prevent biofilm formation and control infection without the complications (i.e. overexposure) associated with classical antibiotic delivery platforms.
Spawning Catfish with Mammalian Hormones

WE have already reported1 that the catfish (Heteropneustes, Clarias) available locally respond to large doses of mammalian chorionic gonadotrophins (‘Physex’: Dumex; ‘Antuitrin S’: Parke, Davis), yielding viable eggs hatching into fry. Having tried the other mammalian hormones available, we wish to record the reactions of catfish not only to them but also to the same hormones used in combination with a threshold dose (vide infra) of catfish pituitary gland. In discussing the action of mammalian hormones, Hoar2 stated that “… fish are so unresponsive to many mammalian (and bird) preparations that it is generally impractical to use them. The fish culturist or physiologist who wishes to hasten gonad development in fish is advised to use fish pituitaries”. However, Kirshenblat3 secured viable eggs of Misgurnus using methyl testosterone, progesterone and deoxy-corticosterone acetate.
The effect of leaf-lobing on the interception of direct solar radiation.

The extent to which leaf-lobing influences the interception of direct solar radiation by individual plants was studied by means of computer simulations. The morphology, size and orientation ofAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. leaves were measured and used to construct a prototypeAmbrosia plant upon which a computer simulation was based. The leaf geometries of this simulation were then varied, and daily integrated irradiances (DII) were calculated for each variant plant simulation. Data indicate that lobedAmbrosia leaves do not confer an advantage to light-interception based upon values of DII. Simulated plants identical in all respects to the prototype, but with simple, elliptic leaves, had equivalent DII values to the prototype. Simulations with leaves in which gaps between lobes were “filledin” had reduced light-interception efficiencies compared to the prototype and to a simulation with elliptic-leaves. Lightinterception was maximized when leaves on distal nodes wereAmbrosia-like and leaves on proximal nodes were elliptic. The data are interpreted to indicate that lobingperse is not functionally advantageous to light-interception; however, gradients of leaf-lobing along the length of shoots may be very significant in terms of overall light interception.
Forest edges and habitat selection in birds : a functional approach

Edge effects encompass a complex panoply of biotic and abiotic phenomena across woodland borders. I identify four main explanations which have been proposed to explain avian habitat selection with respect to forest edges: 1) individualistic resource and patch use, 2) biotic interactions; 3) microclimate modification and 4) changes in vegetation structure. 1) relates nest site location in woodlands relative to the edge to the proximity of food resources. It is shown that. all other things being equal, birds which are wholly dependent on resources found within woodlands will tend to avoid forest edges. Woodland species dependent upon resources found in adjacent habitats will tend to be found near to edges to enable their exploitation. 2) identifies competition, predation and brood parasitism as factors which have the potential to influence bird habitat selection near edges. 3) identifies microclimate modification as a potential influence which may act directly on nesting success or indirectly through its effects on food supply; 4) relates the activities of birds. such as nesting, feeding or use of song posts, to vegetation structure and/or floristic composition at the edge. Research on edge effects of birds in woodland has provided few practical recommendations to conservation managers. Forest edge management needs to take into account the multiple cause and effects which influence habitat selection at the edge and to target species of conservation concern.
Role for Gβγ G-proteins in protease regulation during remodeling of the murine femoral artery.

Background Intimal hyperplasia remains the principal lesion in the development of restenosis after vessel wall injury. G-protein coupled receptors are involved in smooth muscle cell proliferation but the role of Gβγ in arterial intimal hyperplasia has not been well defined. The aim of this study is to characterize the expression of Gβγ G-proteins in the developing intimal hyperplasia in a murine model and the impact of disruption of Gβγ signaling on intimal hyperplasia development.
Development and characterization of xenograft model systems for adenoid cystic carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignancies to arise in human salivary glands, and it also arises in the glandular tissue of other organ systems. To address the paucity of experimental model systems for this tumor type, we have undertaken a program of transplanting tissue samples of human ACC into immunodeficient nu/nu mice to create xenograft model systems. In 17 of 23 attempts (74%), xenograft tumors were successfully grown. In all cases, the histologic appearance of the donating tumor was recapitulated in the subsequent xenograft. Characterization of a subset of xenograft models by immunohistochemical biomarkers and by RNA transcript microarray analysis showed good fidelity in the recapitulation of gene expression patterns in the xenograft tumors compared with the human donor tumors. As ACC is known to frequently contain a t(6;9) translocation that fuses the MYB and NFIB genes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of 12 ACC xenograft models was performed that assayed MYB locus break-apart and MYB-NFIB locus fusion. Of 12 xenograft models, 11 (92%) revealed MYB locus rearrangement and 10 (83%) showed evidence of fusion of the MYB and NFIB loci. The two related xenograft models (derived from primary and metastatic tumors, respectively, of the same human subject) were karyotyped, showing a t(1;6) translocation, suggesting MYB translocation to a novel fusion partner gene. Overall, our results indicate that ACC is amenable to xenografting and that ACC xenograft models recapitulate the molecular and morphologic characteristics of human tumors, suggesting utility as valid experimental and preclinical model systems for this disease.
Effects of Postmortem Storage and Temperature on Muscle Protein Degradation: Analysis by SDS Gel Electrophoresis

The proteolytic breakdown of the major contractile proteins of bovine longissimus muscle was examined during postmortem storage by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Samples of muscle stored at 4°C for 14 days exhibited little proteolysis of the major contractile proteins; however, samples stored at 37°C for 1 day showed significant degradation of myosin heavy chains and almost complete proteolysis of this protein by day 14. Major degradation products of the myosin heavy chains included a series of polypeptides having molecular weights between 145,000 and 125,000. These experiments demonstrate that substantial degradation of the myosin heavy chain and other muscle proteins can occur during the storage of meat, and this phenomenon was highly temperature dependent.
A framework for analysis of transboundary institutions for air pollution policy in the United States

Abstract Air pollution is a transboundary problem, disregarding jurisdictional boundaries. To devise and implement effective pollution controls, policy makers must often cross political boundaries. Using recent case studies, we examine air pollution policy at three regional scales: within states, among states, and across national borders. Each scale has a `policy regime' that best operates within its jurisdictional boundaries. As spatial scale increases, policy making becomes more difficult and the resultant policies are less equipped to deal with air pollution or similar environmental problems capable of traveling across human-designated jurisdictions.
RPV-800 Infrared Line Scanner

This paper describes the RPV-800 Infrared Line Scanner, recently developed system that uses a unique split-image gallium arsenide scan element and production DoD common modules. This design reduces system size and weight, eliminates field optical alignments and contributes to a high predicted system mean time between failure. Small size, reduced power and lower life-cycle cost are critical decision elements in the unmanned aerial vehicle environment.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Impact of Teacher Education on the Beliefs, Attitudes, and Dispositions of Preservice Special Educators:

Multiple challenges face special education teacher educators in preparing highly skilled teachers for today's schools. One area of particular concern is developing in preservice teachers beliefs, a...
Evaluation of probabilistic flow in two unsaturated soils

A variably saturated flow model is coupled to a first-order reliability algorithm to simulate unsaturated flow in two soils. The unsaturated soil properties are considered as uncertain variables with means, standard deviations, and marginal probability distributions. Thus, each simulation constitutes an unsaturated probability flow event. Sensitivities of the uncertain variables are estimated for each event. The unsaturated hydraulic properties of a fine-textured soil and a coarse-textured soil are used. The properties are based on the van Genuchten model. The flow domain has a recharge surface, a seepage boundary along the bottom, and a no-flow boundary along the sides. The uncertain variables are saturated water content, residual water content, van Genuchten model parameters alpha (α) and n, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The objective is to evaluate the significance of each uncertain variable to the probabilistic flow. Under wet conditions, saturated water content and residual water content are the most significant uncertain variables in the sand. For dry conditions in the sand, however, the van Genuchten model parameters α and n are the most significant. Model parameter n and saturated hydraulic conductivity are the most significant for the wet clay loam. Saturated water content is most significant for the dry clay loam.
A Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate-Derived Disaccharides from Human Serum

The analysis of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) variations in human serum at the disaccharide level has a great potential for disease diagnosis and prognosis. However, the lack of available analytical methodology for the compositional analysis of HSGAGs in human serum remains to be addressed to delineate the possible role of HSGAGs on the onset and/or progression of a disease. In this study, we have developed a method for the in-depth compositional analysis of the 12 heparin/HS-derived disaccharides from human serum using a combination of technologies – fractionation, exhaustive digestion, solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. The method exhibits high recovery (72%–110%) and good reproducibility (standard deviation of less than 5%) with a low limit of detection and quantification. Errors from the method validation were within 1.1%. Non-detectable non- or low-sulfated disaccharides in human serum were also detected using the optimized protocol. Further applying this method, the comprehensive analysis of HSGAGs compositions in human sera from female donors showed considerable variations in disaccharide patterns and compositions.
Competitive inhibitors of neurohypophyseal hormones on adenylate cyclase from the toad urinary bladder.

Adenylat-Cyclase in plasmamembranreichen Praparationen des Epitheliums von der Harnblase der Krote wird durch Arginine-Vasopressin aktiviert. Diese Aktivierung wird durch mehre Oxytocinanaloge, die alle eine Substitution des Glutaminrestes in Position 4 des Hormones durch Leucin oder Isoleucin gemeinsam haben, kompetitiv gehemmt. Der starkste Antagonist der Serie ist [2,4-diisoleucin]-Oxytocin und die antagonistische Aktivitat nimmt in der Reihenfolge [4-Leucin]-, [2-Isoleucin-4-leucin]-, [2,4-Dileucin]- und [2-Phenylalanin-4-leucin]-Oxytocin ab. Die Resultate werden an Hand der Oxytocinkonformation diskutiert.
Cruciform structures in supercoiled DNA

Specific sites in supercoiled pVH51 and pBR322 DNAs are cleaved by single-strand specific nucleases. These sites are in the loops of potential cruciform structures.
Tumor localization and treatment planning with ultrasound

The successful management of cancer with high energy radiation requires precise knowledge of the tumor position relative to the body surface and normal organs. Diagnostic ultrasound assists in determining the size and location of tumors and vital normal structures in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Radiation fields can be established dynamically under direct ultrasound imaging, and anatomical information about the tumor, normal organs, and body contour utilized in dosimetry calculations. Diagnostic ultrasound is a safe, noninvasive technique of acquiring anatomical information that cannot be obtained by other routine diagnostic methods. Its application in clinical radiation therapy planning has the potential of improving cure rates and decreasing complication rates.
Behavioral and Personality Characteristics of Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder

Abstract The authors compared behavioral and personality characteristics of children with reactive attachment disorder (RAD) with non-RAD children. Participants included parents of children with RAD (n = 21), parents of non-RAD children (n = 21), and some of the children (n = 20). The parents completed questionnaires regarding behavioral and personality characteristics of their children. Parents were also given the option of asking their children to participate in the study by completing self-report measures. Several significant findings were obtained. Children with RAD scored lower on empathy but higher on self-monitoring than non-RAD children. These differences were especially pronounced based on parent ratings and suggest that children with RAD may systematically report their personality traits in overly positive ways. Their scores also indicated considerably more behavioral problems than scores of the control children. Previous research has been generally qualitative in nature. The current research re...
Elevation-Relief Ratio, Hypsometric Integral, and Geomorphic Area-Altitude Analysis

Mathematical proof establishes identity of hypsometric integral and elevation-relief ratio, two quantitative topographic descriptors developed independently of one another for entirely different purposes. Operationally, values of both measures are in excellent agreement for arbitrarily bounded topographic samples, as well as for low-order fluvial watersheds. By using a point-sampling technique rather than planimetry, elevation-relief ratio (defined as mean elevation minus minimum elevation divided by relief) is calculated manually in about a third of the time required for the hypsometric integral.
To the children—to my children

Psychiatric consequences of the Holocaust affect not only survivors, but also second and third generations. This autobiographical poem reflects upon these issues and the mission of psychiatrists to find a greater peace for these survivors and to help their children and grandchildren to escape further pain. The author has had the privilege of treating all three generations and this poem is dedicated to these patients.
Synthetic sequence effects in polyurethane-poly (n-butyl methacrylate) mixtures : grafting and mechanical properties

Morphology, stress–strain properties, and grafting have been investigated in highly phase-separated polyurethane (PU)-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) mixtures as a function of the sequence of formation of the components, both linear (l) and crosslinked (x), in the presence of each other. In the range of 0.3–0.7 weight fraction of PU, a morphology of PBMA particles in a PU matrix results. Particle size depends on matrix viscosity at the time of PBMA formation, decreasing as viscosity increases. The PBMA (l) particles are spherical; PBMA (x) particles are irregular in shape when formed in a fluid medium but tend to become spherical as the delay time before the onset of their formation is increased. Grafting, decreasing with increasing delay time, is observed between PBMA (l) particles and the PU (x) or PU (l) matrix. The grafting results from transesterification between BMA and the polyol precursors to the PU. Two families of mechanical properties are found, depending generally more on particle shape than size. Systematic trends of property values through a series of samples of constant composition, but increasing delay times, are observed with greater variation in the series with PBMA (x) particles; the trends are explainable in terms of matrix immobilization by the particles.
Modeling the Rheology of Commercial Long Chain Branched Polymer Melts

The predictions of a general “hierarchical model” for the rheology of general mixtures of linear and branched polymers are compared to experimental data for well-defined long-chain branched polymers. For a wide range of branched polymer melts, which include star-linear blends, H-polymers, and comb polymers, the predictions of the model agree well with experimental data. We apply the hierarchical model to metallocene-catalyzed polyethylenes (mPEs), in which the branched structures are generated by a Monte Carlo method based on the known reaction kinetics. The hierarchical model captures the shape of the curves of viscoelastic moduli vs. frequency of mPEs well and predicts accurately the effect of long chain branching on the linear viscoelastic properties. The quantitative agreement of the hierarchical model prediction with experimental data of well-defined long-chain branched polymers and mPEs shows that information on branching structure could be inferred from rheological measurements on combinatorial sets of mixtures of an unknown branched with different combinations of linear polymers.
On a modified test of equality of scale parameters of exponential distributions

In this paper, an exact distribution of a modifier likelihood ratio criterion for testing the equality of scale parameters of several two parameter exponential distributions is obtained for the case of unequal sample size in a computational form. A short table of critical values of the proposed statistic is also presented.
Identification and synthesis of nonlinear optical materials for practical applications

Organic materials for optical applications have received considerably attention in recent years. A particularly large effort has been placed on organic materials for nonlinear optical applications. Organic materials are of special interest because they have the potential to provide unusually large nonlinear optical effects compared to inorganic materials and they can be designed by molecular modeling techniques. We currently know much about the type of materials that make good NLO materials, but useful materials for optical components have been difficult to find because of light absorption at the wavelengths of interest, symmetric crystal formation, and poor physical properties. For long term space applications, an additional concern is the need for the materials to withstand ionizing radiation. The net effect is that most of the materials that are synthesized are not generally useful. We have involved molecular modeling techniques (quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics) as well as crystal engineering in order to reduce the number of materials that must be synthesized. We have had good success with molecular modeling techniques, but crystal modeling methods still need improvement. In our synthetic work we have put a great deal of emphasis on compounds related to dicyanovinylbenzene because of their processability.
The metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine by Bacillus cereus.

Abstract The growth-inhibitory purine analog, 6-mercaptopurine, was oxidized by resting cells of Bacillus cereus to the non-inhibitory catabolites, 6-thioxanthine and 6-thiouric acid. In growing cell cultures other pathways of drug metabolism appeared to be more important. Sulfur was rapidly cleaved from the drug, could be recovered as inorganic sulfite, and appeared finally in the proteins. The resulting purine skeleton was incorporated as adenine and guanine into both ribo- and deoxyribo-nucleic acids. No direct evidence could be found that 6-mercaptopurine was incorporated as such into nucleic acids. The upper limit calculated for such incorporation suggests that this pathway of metabolism was most probably insufficient to produce growth inhibition. A compound having the properties of 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleotide was present in the soluble fractions of cells. Metabolism to non-inhibitory compounds, principally the normal purines of the nucleic acids, appeared to be responsible for the cessation of growth inhibition characteristically observed with 6-mercaptopurine. When the rate of growth returned to normal, all the 6-mercaptopurine had been removed from the growth medium. The failure of increasing concentrations of 6-mercaptopurine to increase the magnitude of growth-inhibition, in contrast to the observed increase in the duration of inhibitory action, has been discussed.
A note on “indecomposable parallel maps” by S. Amoroso and I.J. Epstein

Abstract In their paper, “Indecomposable Parallel Maps in Tesselation Structures,” Amoroso and Epstein use the following Lemma 3 in order to prove Lemma 4 and thus their main result. The lemma as stated is not correct:
Commentary: The Operatic Tragedy of Central Europe

The operas of Leos Janacek-such as Jenufa and Katya Kabanova-illustrate the nature of operatic modernism in relation to history and folklore in the context of the Habsburg monarchy and postwar Central Europe. In the performance history of the operas, moving from Janacek's city of Brno, Moravia, to such cosmopolitan capitals as Prague, Vienna, Berlin, and even New York, the case of Janacek also suggests the complex relationship between provincial, national, and transnational elements in the operatic modernism of Central Europe.
Meaningful Automated Statistical Analysis of Large Computational Clusters

As clusters utilizing commercial off-the-shelf technology have grown from tens to thousands of nodes and typical job sizes have likewise increased, much effort has been devoted to improving the scalability of message-passing fabrics, schedulers, and storage. Largely ignored, however, has been the issue of predicting node failure, which also has a large impact on scalability. In fact, more than ten years into cluster computing, we are still managing this issue on a node-by-node basis even though available diagnostic data has grown immensely. We have built a tool that uses the statistical similarity of the large number of nodes in a cluster to infer the health of each individual node. In the poster, we first present real data and statistical calculations as foundational material and justification for our claims of similarity. Next we present our methodology and its implications for early notification of deviation from normal behavior, problem diagnosis, automatic code restart via interaction with scheduler, and airflow distribution monitoring in the machine room. A framework addressing scalability is discussed briefly. Lastly, we present case studies showing how our methodology has been used to detect aberrant nodes whose deviations are still far below the detection level of traditional methods. A summary of the results of the case studies appears below
Impact of bathers on levels of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts in recreational beach waters

Recreational beach water samples collected on weekends and weekdays during 11 consecutive summer weeks were tested for potentially viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts using the multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. The levels of oocysts and cysts on weekends were significantly higher than on the weekdays (P<0.01). Concentrations of oocysts in weekend samples (n=27) ranged from 2 to 42 oocysts/L (mean: 13.7 oocysts/L), and cyst concentration ranged from 0 to 33 cysts/L (mean: 9.1 cysts/L). For the samples collected on weekdays (n=33), the highest oocyst concentration was 7 oocysts/L (mean: 1.5 oocysts/L), and the highest cyst concentration was 4 cysts/L (mean: 0.6 cysts/L). The values of water turbidity were significantly higher on weekends than on weekdays, and were correlated with the number of bathers and concentration of C. parvum oocysts and G. lamblia cysts (P<0.04). The study demonstrated positive relationships between number of bathers and levels of waterborne C. parvum oocysts and G. lamblia cysts in recreational beach water. It is essential to test recreational waters for Cryptosporidium and Giardia when numbers of bathers are greatest, or limit the number of bathers in a recreational beach area.
Three-dimensional vortex formation from an oscillating, non-uniform cylinder

A cylinder having mild variations in diameter along its span is subjected to controlled excitation at frequencies above and below the inherent shedding frequency from the corresponding two-dimensional cylinder. The response of the near wake is characterised in terms of timeline visualisation and velocity traces, spectra, and phase plane representations. It is possible to generate several types of vortex formation, depending upon the excitation frequency. Globally locked-in, three-dimensional vortex formation can occur along the entire span of the flow. Regions of locally locked-in and period-doubled vortex formation can exist along different portions of the span provided the excitation frequency is properly tuned. Unlike the classical subharmonic instability in free shear flows, the occurrence of period-doubled vortex formation does not involve vortex coalescence; instead, the flow structure alternates between two different states.
En bloc staining of bone under load does not improve dye diffusion into microcracks

Microdamage accumulation in bone has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some bone fractures, and in implant loosening. Standard techniques for staining microcracks may not allow all cracks to be stained. We tested the hypothesis that crack closure in bone cortices after removal of a bending load may prevent diffusion of stain to sites of microcrack nucleation. Following cyclic loading, 26 canine femurs were divided into a group stained en bloc while applying a four point bending load, and another group stained without an applied load. No differences in number or length of microcracks were observed, indicating that crack closure does not prevent diffusion of stain to the crack location. Staining under load is unnecessary.