cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Replay: a self-documenting construction kit

Replay is a self-documenting construction kit for children to both share their designs with others and reflect on their own design process. Replay consists of a set of angular pieces that can sense their connection and orientation. A virtual model is rendered in real time as a design is constructed, and an on-screen playback interface allows users to view models from multiple perspectives and watch how a design was assembled. This paper describes the early development of Replay and describes potential directions for the documentation of physical designs.
Circadian molecular clock in lung pathophysiology

Disrupted daily or circadian rhythms of lung function and inflammatory responses are common features of chronic airway diseases. At the molecular level these circadian rhythms depend on the activity of an autoregulatory feedback loop oscillator of clock gene transcription factors, including the BMAL1:CLOCK activator complex and the repressors PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME. The key nuclear receptors and transcription factors REV-ERBα and RORα regulate Bmal1 expression and provide stability to the oscillator. Circadian clock dysfunction is implicated in both immune and inflammatory responses to environmental, inflammatory, and infectious agents. Molecular clock function is altered by exposomes, tobacco smoke, lipopolysaccharide, hyperoxia, allergens, bleomycin, as well as bacterial and viral infections. The deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates the timing of the clock through acetylation of BMAL1 and PER2 and controls the clock-dependent functions, which can also be affected by environmental stressors. Environmental agents and redox modulation may alter the levels of REV-ERBα and RORα in lung tissue in association with a heightened DNA damage response, cellular senescence, and inflammation. A reciprocal relationship exists between the molecular clock and immune/inflammatory responses in the lungs. Molecular clock function in lung cells may be used as a biomarker of disease severity and exacerbations or for assessing the efficacy of chronotherapy for disease management. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of clock-controlled cellular and molecular functions in the lungs and highlight the repercussions of clock disruption on the pathophysiology of chronic airway diseases and their exacerbations. Furthermore, we highlight the potential for the molecular clock as a novel chronopharmacological target for the management of lung pathophysiology.
Diagnosis and Management of Thoracic Aortic Disease

Thoracic aortic aneurysms are typically asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on an imaging study ordered for other indications. Small aneurysms are managed with antihypertensive therapy and surveillance imaging, using either echocardiography, computed tomographic angiography (CTA), or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Aneurysms are repaired when the risk of rupture or dissection exceeds the risk of repair; size thresholds for repair are determined by the underlying etiology of the aneurysm, with lower thresholds for those with genetic aortopathies. In contrast to the silent and asymptomatic nature of aneurysms, acute aortic syndromes-which include aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer-are usually associated with recognizable symptoms and signs. Acute aortic syndromes involving the ascending aorta are treated with emergent surgery, whereas those involving the descending aorta are now often treated with endovascular stent-grafting techniques. After acute aortic syndromes have been successfully treated, prognosis is favorable with close follow-up that includes optimal medical management and regular surveillance imaging.
Clinical Aspects of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a rare entity including hydatidiform moles, invasive moles, choriocarcinomas, placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTTs), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (ETTs). All these conditions arise from the placental villous trophoblast. Choriocarcinomas, PSTT, and ETT are also referred to as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) because they can be associated with progressive or invasive disease.
The PML gene encodes a phosphoprotein associated with the nuclear matrix

The t(15;17)(q22;q12) translocation is the cytogenetic hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The PML and retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR alpha) transcription factor genes are involved at translocation breakpoint. To elucidate the biologic function of PML, antipeptide antibody against PML protein was raised in rabbits. This antibody was able to detect a 90-kD PML protein and a 110-kD PML-RAR alpha fusion protein by Western blotting and a nuclear speckled pattern in all cell lines by immunofluorescent staining. In K562 and NIH/3T3 cells transfected with a PML expression plasmid, we found PML to be associated with the nuclear matrix. Our results also showed that PML is a phosphorprotein. A weak signal was detected in a Western blot containing the immunoprecipitated PML protein using the phosphotyrosine-specific monoclonal antibody. Therefore, at least one of the sites was phosphorylated by a tyrosine kinase. From our analysis of the phosphoamino acids of the PML protein by complete hydrolysis and thin-layer chromatography, we concluded that both tyrosine and serine residues of PML are phosphorylated. To investigate whether expression of the PML protein is cell-cycle related, HeLa cells synchronized at various phases of the cell cycle were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy for PML expression. We found that PML was expressed at a lower level in S, G2, and M phases and at a significantly higher level in G1 phase. Our study showed that PML has many similar properties compared with the tumor suppressor, eg, Rb. These findings further support the important role of PML in APL pathogenesis.
Crystal structure of 3,4-di-meth-oxy-phenol.

The title compound, C8H10O3, has two planar mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit possessing mean deviations from planarity of 0.051 and 0.071 A. In the crystal, there are two distinct infinite chains, both along [010]. The chains are formed by O—H⋯O inter­actions between the phenol and both the 3-meth­oxy and the 4-meth­oxy groups.
Habitat Partitioning of Malaria Vectors in Nchelenge District, Zambia

Nchelenge District in Luapula Province, northern Zambia, experiences holoendemic malaria despite implementation of vector control programs. The major Anopheles vectors that contribute to Plasmodium falciparum transmission in this area had not previously been well defined. Three collections performed during the 2012 wet and dry seasons and the 2013 wet season revealed Anopheles funestus sensu stricto and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto as the main vectors, where 80-85% of each collection was composed of An. funestus Both vectors were found to be highly anthropophilic, and An. funestus has higher sporozoite infection rates (SIRs) and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) year-round compared with An. gambiae: SIRs of 1.8-3.0% and 0-2.5%, respectively, and EIRs of 3.7-41.5 infectious bites per 6-month period (ib/p/6mo) and 0-5.9 ib/p/6mo, respectively. Spatial and temporal changes in each vector's dynamics and bionomics were also observed. Anopheles funestus was the predominant vector in the villages near Kenani Stream in both wet and dry seasons, whereas An. gambiae was found to be the main vector in areas near Lake Mweru during the wet season. The vector data illustrate the need for broader temporal and spatial sampling in Nchelenge and present unique opportunities to further our understanding of malarial transmission and implications for malarial control in high-risk areas.
Separation of sulfated urinary acid mucopolysaccharides utilizing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ethyl alcohol.

SummaryA method for isolation of sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) and corresponding mucoproteins from human urine by absorption on and precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is described. After in vivo labelling with radiosulfur nearly all of the bound radioactivity was found in 2 fractions, one insoluble in 66% alcohol and the other soluble in 66% alcohol, but insoluble in 84% alcohol. The first is essentially free AMPS containing less than 10% protein while the second is a mucopolysaccharide-protein complex containing about 87% protein. Digestion of the second fraction with proteolytic enzymes yields a nondialyzable AMPS with about 26% protein. Chemical analysis indicates no other high molecular weight urinary substances are present in these preparations.
Value Driven Leading: A Management Approach

Ethics and values cover the standards of right and wrong and the personal qualities that sustain the ability to judge and act upon ethical standards. Ethical standards guide decisions and focus behavior for right or wrong action. They anchor our sense of personal and professional integrity and weave the narrative of personal identity that we use to define whom we are as persons. Ethics and values are also embedded in qualities of character. These character virtues such as courage, prudence and fidelity provide the emotional and cognitive dispositions to focus attention, motivate and frame judgment and action. The design of an organization, its incentive structures and above all culture are prime determinants of whether a government or nonprofit organization will maintain high performance informed by public service values. A focus on public values and character provides a lens through which leaders can focus their attention to nurture value informed actions. The managerial leader becomes the critical actor to connect personal integrity and values to the every day life of public organizational behavior and culture. Leaders are the source of generating and maintaining high performing cultures committed to public values as well as engaging the tensions and challenges to these values in the political environment. This essay develops a framework and language of ethical values and character that can help leaders and managers appreciate and articulate the importance of values and character in leading effectively and building strong organizational cultures. The essay develops strong theory of the role of personal integrity in ethical action and evaluates the range of public values and virtues that are needed to sustain strong leadership and build organizational cultures. It provides a primer in: the nature of public service values and commitments; their role in building strong public and nonprofit organizations; the range of values needed; and the strategies, tactics and skills needed by leaders and managers to generate these values and behaviors. It analyzes a wide range of unethical and illegal behaviors that undermine public organizations. The essay identifies leverage points that leaders can focus attention on to avert these dangers and build a value driven organization.
A Comparison in Performance of Low Temperature Co-fired NiCuZn Ferrites Prepared by both Milling Oxides Methods and Sol-Gel Methods

The fine powders and sintered specimens of Ni1-a-xZnxCuaFe2-δO4 (0.15a0.25,0.55x0.65) ferrites ware prepared by both oxide method and sol-gel method. Low temperature (Ts≤900℃) sintering was realized for both method, meeting the demands of co-firing technique. For the same selected composition, the characteristics of specimens prepared by both methods were compared, including initial permeability μi, Q value, μQ product, tanδ/μi, αμ, electronic resistivity ρ and the frequency spectra of μi. The results reveal that the low temperature sintered NiCuZn ferrites prepared by milling oxides exhibit a μiQ product=12.3×104, a tanδ/μi8.4×10-6, and a resistivity of ρ1012 ??cm, 2 times, 1/2 and 3 order higher than that of samples prepared by sol-gel method, respectively, and the same temperature coefficient of αμ1×10-6/℃ for both materials. Due to the higher cost and lower μiQ product of materials prepared by sol-gel method, the ratio of cost to performance of oxide method is much lower than that of sol-gel method with a factor of 20～16 times. The problems of sol-gel method are also pointed out in its serious environment pollution and non-convenience in manufactures.
Discussion on High Intensity Shock Test and Anti-shock Design of Carrier-borne Electronic Equipment

The development of ship shock test and the high intensity shock test method of carrier-borne electronic equipment were introduced.Carrier-borne electronic equipments may encounter high intensity shock due to non-contact explosion produced by torpedo and mine.The anti-shock design method for carrier-borne electronic equipment was discussed according to this character.
Numerical Simulation of Electromagnetic Field and Temperature Field of ESR

3D finite element models for both the magnetic field and temperature field of electroslag remelting( ESR) system w ere developed and validated by the experimental measurements of magnetic flux density and melt pool profile. The effects of current frequency and slag cap thickness on the current density,magnetic flux density,electromagnetic force,joule heat,temperature field and melt pool depth w ere investigated,respectively. The results show ed that w ith the increase of current frequency,the skin effect of current on the external surfaces of electrode and ingot is more significant,but the current frequency has no effect on the current density distribution in slag cap. The maximum joule heat zone is located on the corner of contact position betw een flat head electrode and slag. How ever,the high temperature zone is located in the slag cap below the electrode head and near the slag / melt interface. With the increase of slag cap thickness from 0. 15 m to 0. 21 m,the highest temperature in the axis of slag cap decreases from 1 826 ℃ to 1 721 ℃,and the melt pool depth decreases linearly from 0. 22 m to 0. 16 m.
The core conditions in counseling chronically undecided career decision-makers

ABSTRACTAuthors assert the role of the core conditions from Rogers’ work in increasing effectiveness of career counseling with chronically undecided career decision-makers in college/university settings. After reviewing the needs and context of the population, the authors provide case examples emphasizing the roles of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness in career counseling helping previously stuck clients become unstuck. The core conditions are seen as building psychological contact, motivating the client opening to self-reflection, self-acceptance, and self-realization, including previously inhibited aspects of one’s self discovered as key to career decisions. The authors illustrate an integrated balance of the personal (attending with the core conditions) with the informational (e.g. formal assessments, knowledge of the world of work) helping the counselor deepen her focus on the person within her decision. The authors’ view of the role of the core conditions with chronically undeci...
In the eye of the beholder: using student narratives to explore memorable teachers*

Undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory educational technology course at a large US Midwestern public university completed a “greatest learning experience” narrative assignment, in which...
Relationship Commitment and Trust in Inter-organizational Networks

Inter-organizational networks are important business-to-business marketing relationships composed of two or more organizations that uniquely combine inter-firm resources and core capabilities to enhance performance and ultimately create a mutual competitive advantage (Barney 1991; Mintzberg et al. 2008; Powell 1990; Ring and Van de Ven 1994). In response to competitive pressures, inter-organizational networks are replacing vertically integrated, multi-divisional organizations as a strategy to compete through collaboration (Achrol 1997; Bleeke and Ernst 1993; Weber and Khademian 2008). Such networks knit together specialized organizations in on-going, collaborative exchange relationships to competitively position organizations within the market. The literature indicates that relationship commitment and trust are essential to participation in inter-organizational networks; however, this perspective has not been addressed from the standpoint of a testable research framework.
Self-Reflecting and Mindfulness: Cultivating Curiosity and Decentering Situated in Everyday Life

Research on the use of mobile to promote mindfulness states is still relatively nascent, especially when exploring how such states can be cultivated in everyday life, outside of meditation-based approaches. In this study we investigate the design of a mobile app that seeks to cultivate mindfulness states situated in everyday life. Using reminders to prompt self-reflection and breathing exercises to prompt body awareness, we sought to address the overarching question --- how can we design towards mindfulness situated in everyday living and how might it change what we mean by mindfulness? Our findings suggest that mobile-based approaches can promote curiosity and decentering through self-reflection, and that the valence and likelihood of experiencing certain mental events may influence how self-reflection is experienced, which in turn influences curiosity and decentering factors of mindfulness states.
What Does She Have that I Don’t? The Effect of Sexual Activity on Social Comparisons and Body Dissatisfaction in Emerging Adult Women

Emerging adulthood is a time of exploration when people try to understand themselves as well as their place within the world. According to Social Comparison Theory (Festinger in Hum Relat 7:117–140, 1954), one of the ways we gather such information is by comparing ourselves to others. The current research investigated the frequency and nature of these comparisons, specifically those that are appearance-focused, in emerging adult women. Furthermore, we examined how one type of exploration, sexual activity, impacts these comparisons. Seventy-five emerging adult women, aged 18–23 years old (M Age = 19.53, SD = 1.28), participated in the present study. They were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing current and past sexual activity. The questionnaire also assessed their body dissatisfaction as well as the frequency with which they make appearance-focused comparisons. The results demonstrate that females’ sexual exploration during emerging adulthood predicts a tendency to make more appearance-focused comparisons and that these comparisons are more detrimental to their body image.
Job Expectations and Career Goals of Title IV-E Child Welfare Social Workers with Varying Levels of Work Experience: How Do They Differ?

A comparison of three groups of Title IV-E child welfare workers revealed significant differences among all groups on job expectations and career goals. New workers reported most positive expectati...
Evaluation of Bayesian Estimation of a Hidden Continuous-Time Markov Chain Model with Application to Threshold Violation in Water-Quality Indicators

Natural resource managers require information concerning the frequency, duration, and long-term probability of occurrence of water-quality indicator (WQI) violations of defined thresholds. The timing of these threshold crossings often is hidden from the observer, who is restricted to relatively infrequent observations. Here, a model for the hidden process is linked with a model for the observations, and the parameters describing duration, return period, and long-term probability of occurrence are estimated using Bayesian methods. A simulation experiment is performed to evaluate the approach under scenarios based on the equivalent of a total monitoring period of 5-30 years and an observation frequency of 1-50 observations per year. Given constant threshold crossing rate, accuracy and precision of parameter estimates increased with longer total monitoring period and more-frequent observations. Given fixed monitoring period and observation frequency, accuracy and precision of parameter estimates increased with longer times between threshold crossings. For most cases where the long-term probability of being in violation is greater than 0.10, it was determined that at least 600 observations are needed to achieve precise estimates. An application of the approach is presented using 22 years of quasi-weekly observations of acid-neutralizing capacity from Deep Run, a stream in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The time series also was sub-sampled to simulate monthly and semi-monthly sampling protocols. Estimates of the long-term probability of violation were unbiased despite sampling frequency; however, the expected duration and return period were over-estimated using the sub-sampled time series with respect to the full quasi-weekly time series.
Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection of Nongroin Arterial Pseudoaneurysms

Abstract Purpose To evaluate success and complication rates of percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection of nongroin pseudoaneurysms (PSAs). Materials and Methods Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained institutional database yielded 39 cases of arterial PSAs occurring at nongroin sites that were treated with percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection between 2000 and 2016 (average patient age 69.2 y ± 14.0). Of PSAs, 74.4% (29/39) arose in the upper extremities, and 92.3% (36/39) were iatrogenic. The brachial artery was the most commonly affected vessel (51.3% [20/39]), and arterial access was the most common cause (56.4% [22/39]). Average overall PSA size was 2.4 cm (range, 0.5–7.2 cm); average amount of thrombin injected was 320 IU (range, 50–2,000 IU). Technical success was defined as absence of flow within the PSA immediately after thrombin injection. Treatment success was defined as sustained thrombosis on follow-up imaging obtained at 1–3 days after treatment. Results Technical and treatment success rates of thrombin injections were 100% (39/39) and 84.8% (28/33), respectively. Longer term follow-up imaging (average 71 d; range, 12–201 d) was available for 7 of the treatment successes with 100% (7/7) showing sustained thrombosis. Comparing treatment successes and failures, there was no significant difference in average PSA size (2.3 cm vs 2.0 cm, P = .51) or average amount of thrombin injected (360 IU vs 180 IU, P = .14). There were no complications. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is a safe, efficacious treatment option for PSAs arising in nongroin locations.
Abstract 176: Hypertension in a Rat Model of HELLP Syndrome is Associated with T Helper 1 Type Immune Activation

HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) is a severe form of preeclampsia, which is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy. While the symptoms and consequences of HELLP syndrome are often severe, the physiological mechanisms involved are still unknown. Previous studies demonstrate that simultaneously elevated sFlt-1 and sEndoglin, causes symptoms similar to HELLP syndrome in pregnant rats. In this study we utilized this HELLP syndrome rodent model to determine if an immunological cascade occurs similarly to that seen in HELLP patients. On gestational day (GD) 14 miniosmotic pumps infusing sEndoglin (7ug/kg/day) and sFlt-1 (3.7ug/kg/day) were implanted into normal pregnant (NP) rats. On GD18 carotid catheters were inserted and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded on GD19. Plasma and tissue was also collected to determine adverse pathology and markers of inflammation. MAP increased from NP (n=7) 104+3 to 122+3mmHg in HELLP rats (n=14) (P=0.002). Alanine aminotransferase liver enzymes were also increased from 37.78+4.5 IU/L in NP to 62.85+6.1 IU/L in HELLP rats (P=0.007) and platelets were decreased in HELLP rats (6286+1209uL) compared to NP rats (28375+4547uL, P = 0.0007). TNF alpha and IL-6 were increased in HELLP rats (54.74+12.67pg/mL vs. 25.65+3.5pg/mL n=8; P = 0.04) and (103.6+26.5pg/mL vs. 40.18+ 8.2pg/mL/ P = 0.04) compared to NP rats. Furthermore, HELLP rats had increased CD4+ T lymphocytes compared to NP rats, circulating 14.37% vs. 9% gated; placental 8.67% vs. 5.99% gated; spleen 12.4% vs. 7.84% gated; liver 8.27% vs. 1.7% gated. In this study we demonstrate that hypertension in a newly adapted rat model of HELLP syndrome, is associated with a T helper 1 immune activation similar to that seen in HELLP patients.
Catechol- and ketone-containing multifunctional bottlebrush polymers for oxime ligation and hydrogel formation

We report the synthesis of a highly-functional macromonomer, and subsequent crosslinkable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based bottlebrush polymers prepared via graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). This work makes two important additions to the repertoire of bottlebrush polymers: (1) the first example of a catechol-derived brush adhesive relying on an internal ketone for post-polymerization modification; and (2) the post-polymerization modification is utilized to greatly affect the mechanical properties of the bulk material through oxime functionalization and subsequent metal-free click chemistry beginning from the innocuous, and easily introduced, internal ketone. This form of oxime ligation was demonstrated with a series of oxyamines, with degrees of functionalization on the range of 18–100%, while introducing further functionality in the form of azide groups, which were rapidly converted to corresponding triazoles via metal-free click chemistry using the crosslinker (1R, 8S, 9S)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethyl (BCN) bisfunctionalized PEG (Mn = ∼6000 g mol−1). Under these conditions, the transformation from soluble polymer solution to soft hydrogel occurs within minutes. The polymer described herein stands testament to the ability of modularly-designed macromonomers to dictate the structure and properties of downstream materials in a predicable fashion.
Spectroscopic Determination of Aerosol pH from Acid–Base Equilibria in Inorganic, Organic, and Mixed Systems

Atmospheric aerosol acidity impacts key multiphase processes, such as acid-catalyzed reactions leading to secondary organic aerosol formation, which impact climate and human health. However, traditional indirect methods of estimating aerosol pH often disagree with thermodynamic model predictions, resulting in aerosol acidity still being poorly understood in the atmosphere. Herein, a recently developed method coupling Raman microspectroscopy with extended Debye–Huckel activity calculations to directly determine the acidity of individual particles (1−15 μm projected area diameter, average 6 μm) was applied to a range of atmospherically relevant inorganic and organic acid–base equilibria systems (HNO3/NO3–, HC2O4–/C2O42–, CH3COOH/CH3COO–, and HCO3–/CO32–) covering a broad pH range (−1 to 10), as well as an inorganic–organic mixture (sulfate-oxalate). Given the ionic strength of the inorganic solutions, the H+ activity, γ(H+), yielded lower values (0.68–0.75) than the organic and mixed systems (0.72–0.80). A ...
Asymptotics of determinants of block Toeplitz matrices

This paper is a survey of results that show how, in some cases, to compute the constant term which occurs in the Strong Szego–Widom Limit Theorem for block Toeplitz matrices. While this constant in the scalar case has a long history, it is really only in a few instances that it can be calculated explicitly in the case of matrix-valued symbols.
Intra-arterial Cis-platinum in Osteosarcoma

Conventional radiography continues to be the most important imaging modality in the initial diagnosis and assessment of skeletal neoplasms. However, this technique is usually inadequate to determine the local extent of the tumor, particularly in malignancies. Angiography also fails to define accurately the local extent of most skeletal neoplasms. Computed tomography, however, demonstrates the intramedullary and extraosseous extent of skeletal neoplasms much more accurately and is currently the modality most frequently used for this purpose.
Abstract IA09: Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Large and comprehensive genomic analyses of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are greatly increasing our understanding of the heterogeneity of this disease and identifying the key genomic changes that drive these tumors. HNSCC tumors associated with HPV are distinct from HNSCC disease linked to tobacco exposure (HPV-positive versus HPV-negative). HPV- tumors are characterized by: 1) amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK); 2) genomic loss of TP53 and loss of CKDN2A/RB1 by a variety of mechanisms including truncating mutation, deletion, and/or alternative splicing; 3) amplification of CCND1/CDK4/CDK6; 4) activation of NFE2L2/KEAP1/CUL3; and 5) loss of NOTCH1/FAT1/AJUBA. In contrast, HPV-positive HNSCCs harbor: 1) RTK amplification; 2) FGFR2/3 mutations and/or FGFR3-TACC3 fusions; 3) CDKN2A loss; and 4) E2F1 amplification. Interestingly, activating mutations in the PIK3CA oncogene are found in approximately one third of HPV-negative HNSCC and in over fifty percent of HPV-positive tumors. Mutually exclusive mutations in RAS family genes, specifically RHOA, KRAS, and HRAS, are present but infrequently found in HNSCC (6% of TCGA cases). Amplification of chromosome 3q, a region containing the TP63, SOX2, and PIK3CA genes, is seen in the majority of both HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC. HPV-negative HNSCCs demonstrate clear evidence of molecular heterogeneity, as demonstrated by expression profiling studies indicating diverse biologic subclasses within HPV-negative disease, including a class of tumors without EGFR amplification and/or overexpression, previously termed “atypical” HNSCCs, which consist of approximately 20% of HPV-negative cases and the majority of HPV-positive HNSCCs. An intriguing mutational pattern identified by TCGA was a subset of HPV-negative HNSCC originating in the oral cavity with few to no copy-number alterations statistically enriched for HRAS, CASP8, and PIK3CA mutations and lack of TP53 mutation. With increasing genetic profiling of HNSCC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, there is increasing opportunity to rationally select preclinical models to test specific precision medicine hypotheses. Citation Format: Jennifer R. Grandis. Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Queering the Social Work Classroom: Strategies for Increasing the Inclusion of LGBTQ Persons and Experiences

ABSTRACTThe inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) perspectives and experiences in the social work classroom is necessary to adequately include LGBTQ students and prepare graduates to practice effectively. Drawing from queer theory as a theoretical framework and the authors’ experiences in practice and teaching/learning spaces with LGBTQ youth, this article offers practical strategies for creating classrooms inclusive of LGBTQ persons. Queering the classroom builds skills in students beyond practice with LGBTQ people and communities, thereby enhancing their capacity to engage diversity in practice more generally and to advance human rights and social justice.
Results From the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-Term Study (CAMELS): Primary Anxiety Outcomes

Objective To report anxiety outcomes from the multisite Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS). Rates of stable anxiety remission (defined rigorously as the absence of all DSM-IV TR anxiety disorders across all follow-up years) and predictors of anxiety remission across a 4-year period, beginning 4 to 12 years after randomization to 12 weeks of medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination, or pill placebo were examined. Examined predictors of remission included acute treatment response, treatment assignment, baseline child and family variables, and interim negative life events. Method Data were from 319 youths (age range 10.9−25.2 years; mean age 17.12 years) originally diagnosed with separation, social, and/or generalized anxiety disorders and enrolled in the multi-site Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS). Participants were assessed annually by independent evaluators using the age-appropriate version of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule and completed questionnaires (eg, about family functioning, life events, and mental health service use). Results Almost 22% of youth were in stable remission, 30% were chronically ill, and 48% were relapsers. Acute treatment responders were less likely to be in the chronically ill group (odds ratio = 2.73; confidence interval = 1.14−6.54; p Conclusion Findings suggest that acute positive response to anxiety treatment may reduce risk for chronic anxiety disability; identified predictors can help tailor treatments to youth at greatest risk for chronic illness. Clinical Trial Registration Information Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders (CAMS). http://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT00052078 .
Leg discomfort: beyond the joints

Although simple characterization of discomfort as cramps, heaviness, shooting pains, and so forth can be misleading, history and examination are key to accurate diagnosis. Absence of both dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses strongly suggests peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and the presence of either pulse makes PAD less likely. Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are a common cause of lower extremity myalgias. Restless legs syndrome causes nocturnal discomfort but must be distinguished from confounding“mimics." Neurologic causes of leg symptoms include lumbar spinal stenosis, radiculopathy, distal symmetric polyneuropathy, and entrapment neuropathy. Many common causes of leg discomfort can be managed conservatively.
Contact Dermatitis: Emerging Trends

The field of contact dermatitis is constantly evolving. Trends in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are shaped by the introduction of new chemicals, revival of older allergens, industrial practices, and consumer behaviors. This article discusses the most noteworthy trends within the field, organized by allergen category, with particular attention to newer and/or controversial allergens.
Infectious Disease Imaging

Given the continued high disease burden of infectious diseases worldwide, with communicable diseases still accounting for most deaths in low-income economies, medical imaging can and does play an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases (WHO: Number of deaths: WORLD by cause. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/, 2015). Imaging provides some fundamental advantages in that it is non-invasive and provides results relatively rapidly. Also, given the variety of modalities, e.g., radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), imaging has the potential to provide both basic and highly sophisticated information about the disease processes.
Late open conversion after endovascular abdominal aortic repair: a 20-year experience.

Background With the increasing use of endovascular aortic repair, secondary interventions after aortic stent grafting remain a concern. We retrospectively reviewed open conversion cases with complications following endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR). Methods EVAR due to infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was performed in 566 patients between January 1994 and May 2015. A retrospective review of EVAR requiring late open conversion (>1 month after implant) was conducted. Patient demographics, reasons for conversion, operative techniques, operative outcomes, and late survival were reviewed. Results Thirty of these patients (5.3%) required late conversion to open repair. The median interval to open conversion after EVAR was 48.6 months (range: 2-190 months). Indications of open conversion included type I endoleak (N.=10), stent fracture (N.=4), type V endoleak (N.=4), stent graft infection (N.=4), stent limb obstruction (N.=3), stent migration (N.=3), and type II endoleak (N.=2). Twenty-four operations were elective, and six operations (20%) were emergent due to aneurysm rupture. Compete endograft removal was performed in 14 patients (46.6%) and 16 endografts were partially left in situ. The hospital mortality rate was 10% (3/30) overall, 33.3% in the emergency group and 0% the elective group (P=0.03). Overall survival rate at a mean follow-up of 35 months was 80.7%, with a tendency towards lower survival rate after emergency compared with elective open conversion (89.3% vs. 44.4%; P=0.06). Conclusions Open conversion due to late complications after EVAR seems to be a lifesaving procedure with acceptable initial and mid-term outcomes. Elective conversion has better outcomes compared to those in an emergency setting. Therefore, lifelong surveillance is warranted, and an early decision for open conversion, if indicated, is necessary to achieve the best outcomes.
China’s domestic and foreign influence in the global cobalt supply chain

Abstract In addition to increasing interest in the supply risk of minerals produced in China, there is also concern that China's efforts to mitigate its own mineral supply risk—through overseas foreign direct investment—may limit mineral availability for other countries in the short-term (due to production capacity constraints). However, little is publicly known about the quantity of global mineral production that is subject to Chinese ownership influence or how this influence may mitigate China's exposure to mineral commodity supply risk. In this analysis, we estimate China's ownership-share of foreign production for cobalt mine and intermediate materials (in the year 2016), as well as the net import reliance of China's cobalt refinery industry—which is then adjusted to reflect China's ownership share of foreign production. First, we find that China's foreign cobalt ownership is predominantly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the largest source of cobalt mine and intermediate imports for China's growing cobalt refinery industry. Second, overseas foreign direct investment provided China with ownership influence over roughly 29% of its cobalt mine and intermediate imports in 2016—which may have reduced the supply risk exposure of China's refinery industry from a net import reliance of 97% (on cobalt mine and intermediate materials) to an adjusted net import reliance of 68%. Third, China's global production share jumps from 2% to 14% (for cobalt mine material) and from 11% to 33% (for cobalt intermediate material) when China's ownership-share of foreign production is added to China's domestic production share. Fourth, over time China's foreign direct investment appears to have targeted facilities with progressively larger cobalt production capacities. Finally, China's global production share increases as cobalt material moves downstream (i.e. mine, 14%; intermediate, 33%; refined, 50% in 2016). If a primary motivation of China's Going Out Strategy is to secure natural resources, then China's global production share may be reserved for Chinese manufacturers. As a result, this analysis indicates that—for countries outside China—concerns related to critical mineral availability and supply risk may not be confined to minerals produced in China.
How did the postal vote impact Australian LGBTQ+ residents?: Exploring well-being and messaging

The Australian same-sex marriage postal vote effectively propelled policy change and legalized same-sex marriage. Leading up to the vote, campaigns both for (i.e. “Yes”) and against (i.e. “No”) it ...
Understanding and optimizing laparoscopic videosystems.

As tactile feedback and degree of freedom for instrument movement are restricted in laparoscopic surgery, the video image plays the most crucial role in giving the surgeon information about the performance of the operation. The development of small, reliable, high-resolution imaging systems is essential for the surgeon’s acquisition detailed information about the tissues being manipulated. Image quality depends on each component of the laparoscopic imaging unit. In this context, it is crucial for the surgeon to have an understanding of how the video signal is formed, transmitted, and displayed. Moreover, the surgeon also needs to have an idea about the basic principles and specifications of the surgical video systems (i.e. chargecoupled device (CCD) camera, monitors, and digitizers). This knowledge is essential for choosing pieces of equipment and knowing how to assemble them into a functional operating suite. The aim of this review is to provide the surgeon with the basics of video signaling, and to familiarize him or her with the technical principles of the surgical video systems. An insight into the future of laparoscopic video systems also is made, and practical tips for improving image quality and troubleshooting are given throughout the article.
Reasoning about sequential cyberattacks

Cyber adversaries employ a variety of malware and exploits to attack computer systems, usually via sequential or “chained” attacks, that take advantage of vulnerability dependencies. In this paper, we introduce a formalism to model such attacks. We show that the determination of the set of capabilities gained by an attacker, which also translates to extent to which the system is compromised, corresponds with the convergence of a simple fixed-point operator. We then address the problem of determining the optimal/most-dangerous strategy for a cyber-adversary with respect to this model and find it to be an NP-Complete problem. To address this complexity we utilize an A*-based approach with an admissible heuristic, that incorporates the result of the fixed-point operator and uses memoization for greater efficiency. We provide an implementation and show through a suite of experiments, using both simulated and actual vulnerability data, that this method performs well in practice for identifying adversarial courses of action in this domain. On average, we found that our techniques decrease runtime by 82%.
Redescription of the cicada genus Pycna Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Platypleurini) with the formation of two new genera, one new species, one revised species status and twenty-four new combinations

A recent genetic analysis has shown that the genus Pycna Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 is polyphyletic. New genera are proposed for the species that have been classified together in the genus previously but form distinct clades from the clade containing the true species of Pycna. Pycnoides n. gen. is described for the species inhabiting continental Africa. Pycna antinorii (Lethierry, 1881), Pycna baxteri Distant, 1914, Pycna becarrii (Lethierry, 1881), Pycna dolosa Boulard, 1975a, Pycna hecuba Distant, 1904b, Pycna moniquae Boulard, 2012, Pycna natalensis Distant, 1905b, Pycna neavei Distant, 1912b, Pycna passosdecarvalhoi Boulard, 1975b, Pycna quanza (Distant, 1899a), Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834), Pycna sylvia (Distant, 1899b), Pycna umbelinae Boulard, 1975b, Pycna vitrea Schumacher, 1913, and Pycna vitticollis (Jacobi, 1904) are reassigned to Pycnoides n. gen. to become Pycnoides antinorii (Lethierry, 1881) n. comb., Pycnoides baxteri (Distant, 1914) n. comb., Pycnoides becarrii (Lethierry, 1881) n. comb., Pycnoides dolosa (Boulard, 1975a) n. comb., Pycnoides hecuba (Distant, 1904b) n. comb., Pycnoides moniquae (Boulard, 2012) n. comb., Pycnoides natalensis (Distant, 1905b) n. comb., Pycnoides neavei (Distant, 1912b) n. comb., Pycnoides passosdecarvalhoi (Boulard, 1975b) n. comb., Pycnoides quanza (Distant, 1899a) n. comb., Pycnoides semiclara (Germar, 1834) n. comb., Pycnoides sylvia (Distant, 1899b) n. comb., Pycnoides umbelinae (Boulard, 1975b) n. comb., Pycnoides vitrea (Schumacher, 1913) n. comb., and Pycnoides vitticollis (Jacobi, 1904) n. comb. Pycnoides zambiaensis n. sp. is described as new to increase the diversity of the new genus further and represents the first record of a species in the group for Zambia. Eopycna n. gen. is described for the Asian species previously assigned to Pycna. Pycna coelestia Distant, 1904a, Pycna concinna Boulard, 2005, Pycna himalayana (Naruse, 1977), Pycna indochinensis Distant, 1913, Pycna minor Liu, 1940, Pycna montana Hayashi, 1978, Pycna repanda (Linnaeus, 1758), and Pycna verna Hayashi, 1982 are reassigned to Eopycna n. gen. to become Eopycna coelestia (Distant, 1904a) n. comb., Eopycna concinna (Boulard, 2005) n. comb., Eopycna himalayana (Naruse, 1977) n. comb., Eopycna indochinensis (Distant, 1913) n. comb., Eopycna minor (Liu, 1940) n. comb., Eopycna montana (Hayashi, 1978) n. comb., Eopycna repanda (Linnaeus, 1758) n. comb., and Eopycna verna (Hayashi, 1982) n. comb. Pycna angusta (Butler, 1882) rev. stat. is removed from junior synonymy of Pycna madagascarensis (Distant, 1881). Pycna schmitzi Boulard, 1979 is reassigned to Canualna Boulard, 1985a to become Canualna schmitzi (Boulard, 1979) n. comb. and Pynca tangana (Strand, 1910) is reassigned to Orapa Distant, 1905c to become Orapa tangana (Strand, 1910) n. comb.
Neural Indices Mediating Rhyme Discrimination Differ for Some Young Children Who Stutter Regardless of Eventual Recovery or Persistence

Purpose Previous studies of neural processing of rhyme discrimination in 7- to 8-year-old children who stutter (CWS) distinguished children who had recovered, children who had persisted, and children who did not stutter (CWNS; Mohan & Weber, 2015). Here, we investigate neural processing mediating rhyme discrimination for early acquired real words in younger CWS and CWNS (4;1-6;0 years;months), when rhyming abilities are newly emerging, to examine possible relationships to eventual recovery (CWS-eRec) and persistence in stuttering (CWS-ePer). Method Children performed a rhyme discrimination task while their event-related brain potentials were recorded. CWNS, CWS-eRec, and CWS-ePer had similar speech and language abilities. Inclusionary criteria incorporated at least 70% accuracy for rhyme discrimination. Analyses focused on the mean amplitude of the N400 component elicited by rhyming and nonrhyming words in anterior and posterior regions of interest. Results CWNS, CWS-eRec, and CWS-ePer displayed a classic event-related potential rhyme effect for rhyme discrimination characterized by larger amplitude, posteriorly distributed N400s elicited by nonrhyming targets compared to rhyming targets. CWNS displayed a more robust anterior rhyme effect compared to the CWS groups with a larger amplitude N400 anteriorly for the rhyming targets. This effect was more consistent across individual CWNS than CWS. Conclusions The groups of CWNS, CWS-eRec, and CWS-ePer, who had all developed rhyming discrimination abilities, exhibited similar underlying neural processes mediating phonological processing of early acquired words for the classic central-parietal rhyme effect. However, individual variability of the anterior rhyme effect suggested differences in specific aspects of phonological processing for some CWS-eRec and CWS-ePer compared to CWNS.
Choosing the “Right” Program for Each Child in Autism Early Intervention

As more and more early intervention approaches for children with ASD are tested in clinical trials and implemented in the community, families and professionals must navigate an increasingly complex landscape of treatment options. One critical challenge is selecting the most appropriate intervention for the individual child among the various evidence-supported interventions, given the variability in learning strengths and needs among children with ASD. Additionally, it is difficult to select the right intervention provider in the community, given that the same intervention approach can be implemented differently by different providers. In this chapter, we review current literature and provide recommendations in these areas.