cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic low-level noise exposure alters distortion product otoacoustic emissions.

Abstract Chen et al. (1995) recently reported an altered response to the application of ATP in outer hair cells WHO isolated from guinea pigs continuously exposed for 10 or 11 days to a 65 dB SPL (A-scale) narrow-band noise (1.1–2.0 kHz). The primary goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the continuous low-level noise used by Chen et al. (1995) alters cochlear function. Cubic (2f 1 -f 1 ) and quadratic (f 2 -f 1 ) DPOAEs, as well as, the amount of contralateral suppression of DPOAE amplitudes were chosen for study. Responses were recorded in urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs with sectioned middle ear muscles. The animals had either been exposed to the low-level noise for 3 or 11 days or not exposed at all ( n = 13 animals per group). Results demonstrate that this noise induces frequency-dependent and very localized reductions in 2f 1 -f 2 DPOAE input/output (1/O) functions. However, the f 2 -f 1 DPOAE I/O functions appear to be insensitive to the noise exposure. No noise-related changes were found in the amount of contralateral suppression between the different exposure groups, with the exception of one unexplainable data point (f 2 -f 1 DPOAE = 0.5 kHz; day 3) where it was reduced. The 2f 1 -f 2 DPOAE amplitude alterations lend support to the conclusions of Chen et al. (1995) that chronic low-level noise exposure induces molecular changes in the OHCs which may, in turn, alter cochlear function.
Cyclin' toward dementia: cell cycle abnormalities and abortive oncogenesis in Alzheimer disease.

Recent evidence has associated the aberrant, proximal re-expression of various cell cycle control elements with neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer disease, a chronic neurodegeneration. Such ectopic localization of various cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin inhibitors in neurons can be seen as an attempt to re-enter the cell cycle. Given that primary neurons are terminally differentiated, any attempted re-entry into the cell division cycle in this postmitotic environment will be dysregulated. Since successful dysregulation of the cell cycle is also the hallmark of a neoplasm, early cell-cycle pathophysiology in Alzheimer disease may recruit oncogenic signal transduction mechanisms and, hence, can be viewed as an abortive neoplastic transformation. J. Neurosci. Res. 61:128–133, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sex differences and lateralization in temporal lobe glucose metabolism during mathematical reasoning

Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]deoxyglucose was used to compare brain activation in men and women while they performed mathematical reasoning. Right greater than left‐hemisphere activation was predicted, especially in temporal lobes. Forty‐four participants were selected and matched for high or average Scholastic Aptitude Test‐Math scores. There were no sex differences in cortical glucose metabolic rate (GMR). However, GMR in temporal lobe regions was positively correlated with math reasoning score in men but not in women. The temporal lobes, bilaterally, are implicated in math reasoning ability for men; no specific cortical areas were related to math reasoning performance in women.
Long range correlations and photo effect in nuclei

Abstract A detailed quantum mechanical treatment of the collective model for the giant dipole resonance in the low energy nuclear photo effect is presented. A relation ω D = c k D for the resonance energy ωD is derived from sum rule considerations, where k D is related to the nuclear radius by k D ≈ π 2R and c to the structure factor s( k ) of nuclear matter at small momenta k by s( k ) = k 2mc . The velocity c is calculated and the semiclassical expresssion for c in terms of the symmetry energy K (c = ( 2K m ) 1 2 ) is found to be valid only for extremely strong interactions. For weaker forces one obtains a larger value of c than indicated by this relation and a value of ωD in better agreement with the results of shell model configuration mixing calculations.
Engineering and the social sciences: historical evolution of interdisciplinary approaches to hazard and disaster

Beginning slowly in the late 1970s, but accelerating in the 1990s, scholars in the engineering and social sciences tried to work across theoretical and cultural-disciplinary gaps to understand disasters holistically and to provide the science needed for policies that reduce risk. Alliances of social scientists and engineers specializing in structural, ocean, and environmental engineering have tackled problems relating, for example, to earthquakes and tsunamis, while at the same time advancing studies of crosscutting ideas such as community resilience. Much of that alliance began not in the basic research or laboratory world, but with partnerships of scholars working at the focal point of hazard-oriented policy systems and public education. This paper considers how scholars, research centers, and funding agencies have worked to advance an integrated research agenda.
The Role of Media Property Distribution in HAMR SNR

Generally distributions in anisotropy field and grain-to-grain exchange are considered to be the main sources of noise in heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). Through systematic micromagnetic modeling based upon the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation, however, we show that variation in the Curie temperature from grain-to-grain is the primary contributor to noise in HAMR. Additionally, small and narrowly-distributed exchange coupling turns out to be helpful under certain circumstances or changes the noise format. These could be explained by the recently proposed HAMR noise mechanism and related recording patterns.
Human Capital, Physical Health, and Mental Health of Welfare Recipients: Co‐occurrence and Correlates

Drawing on a large random sample of welfare recipients in the post–welfare reform era, this article examines the prevalence of mental health disorders, substance dependence, and physical health or disability, their co-occurrence with human capital problems, and their relation to employment. Half of the participants have none of these potential barriers to employment. Mental health and human capital problems, when present, tend to occur in isolation about half the time. Women with co-occurring human-capital, mental-health, and physical-health problems have the poorest work outcomes. The findings suggest the need to design and implement more assessment, referrals, and service provision to support women in meeting the challenges in the transition from welfare to work.
Determination of pentosan polysulfate and its binding to polycationic species using polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes

Abstract The use of previously developed polyanion and polycation-sensitive membrane electrodes to determine pentosan polysulfate (PPS), an anti-osteoarthritis drug chemically derived from a natural polysaccharide, in buffered saline and biological samples is examined. Owing to PPS’s very high anionic charge density, an extremely large non-equilibrium EMF response to PPS is observed over the concentration range of 0.3–10 μg/ml using polyanion-sensitive electrodes based on tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMAC) as the membrane ion-exchanger. However, optimal quantitative determinations of PPS at μg/ml levels are accomplished via simple potentiometric titrations with polycationic protamine or poly- l -arginine using a membrane electrode formulated with dinonylnapthalene sulfonate (DNNS) as the potentiometric end point detector. Such titrations yield sharp end points and provide consistent mass stoichiometries for the complexation between the polycation species and PPS (1.55:1 protamine:PPS; 1.20:1 poly- l -arginine:PPS). It is shown that similar titrations with protamine can be utilized to detect PPS quantitatively in undiluted plasma at concentrations ≥0.5 μg/ml. Fundamental studies regarding the binding of PPS to various polycations can also be accomplished using the TDMA-based polyanion sensor as a detector. Scatchard analysis of the EMF data for the titration of protamine and poly- l -arginine with PPS indicate that both species bind PPS with relatively high affinity (4.4 and 9.4 μM−1, respectively).
On the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for nonlinear stochastic systems

The finite element method is applied to the solution of the transient Fokker-Planck equation for several often cited nonlinear stochastic systems accurately giving, for the first time, the joint probability density function of the response for a given initial distribution. The method accommodates nonlinearity in both stiffness and damping as well as both additive and multiplicative excitation, although only the former is considered herein. In contrast to the usual approach of directly solving the backward Kolmogorov equation, when appropriate boundary conditions are prescribed, the probability density function associated with the first passage problem can be directly obtained. Standard numerical methods are employed, and results are shown to be highly accurate. Several systems are examined, including linear, Duffing, and Van der Pol oscillators.
Preliminary identification of a dynamical plant model for the Jason 2 underwater robotic vehicle

Reports the experimental identification of a finite-dimensional dynamical plant model for the Jason 2 Remotely Operated underwater Vehicle. The experiments were conducted in collaboration with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution during sea-trials in July 2002. A least-squares method is employed to identify decoupled single degree-of-freedom plant dynamical models for the X, Y, Z, and Heading degrees-of-freedom from experimental data. Performance of the identified plant dynamical model is evaluated by directly comparing simulations of the identified plant model to the experimentally observed motion data of the actual vehicle.
Impact of remote magnetic catheter navigation on ablation fluoroscopy and procedure time.

BACKGROUND Remote magnetic catheter navigation (RCN) is gaining acceptance in clinical cardiac electrophysiology, but details regarding how RCN affects procedure execution are not well characterized. METHODS From January 1, 2005, to November 30, 2007, 721 cases were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Of these, 127 used RCN and 594 used manual catheter navigation (MCN). Data including procedure time, fluoroscopy time, ablation catheter, procedural success, and complications were extracted from our procedure database and compared between RCN and MCN. RESULTS RCN use significantly decreased fluoroscopy time for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation (-29 minutes, P < 0.001), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation (-14 minutes, P < 0.001), and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia ablation (-18 minutes, P = 0.045). While RCN significantly increased mean procedure time for AF (+36 minutes, P = 0.003) and atypical atrial flutter cases (+116 minutes, P = 0.016), RCN AF procedure time diminished with increasing number of cases performed. Two cases of tamponade occurred during AF ablation using MCN (2.2%, 2 of 91 cases). No tamponade occurred during all 75 AF ablations with RCN. CONCLUSION RCN can reduce fluoroscopy time and may reduce complications during catheter ablation. While it may increase total procedure duration, procedure times decrease with increasing operator experience. (PACE 2008; 31:1399-1404).
Duplication 9q34→qter identified by chromosome painting

We have studied an infant with multiple anomalies and a 46,XY,12p+ karyotype. Parental chromosomes were normal, and it was not possible to determine the identity of the extra material on chromosome 12 cytogenetically. Chromosome painting with probes from a chromosome 9 library identified this material as coming from chromosome 9, and cytogenetics established the duplication as 9q34qter. Comparison of this patient with others reported with partial dup(9q) documented excellent concordance of minor anomalies, most notably dolichocephaly, “;deep-set”; eyes, short horizontal palpebral fissures, beaked nose, micrognathia, arachnodactyly, and developmental delay. Identification of cytogenetically indeterminate abnormalities by molecular cytogenetics is very important, as it permits prognosis to be offered for families of newborn infants with unbalanced karyo-types. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physical layer security in data networks using optical signal processing

Using optical processing techniques, we experimentally enhance the physical layer security of optical communication systems. The multilevel security provided improves the confidentiality and availability of the network. We also introduce the use of optical CDMA as backup channels to achieve a bandwidth-effective way to counter physical infrastructure attacks.
The disparity of cervical cancer in diverse populations

Significant disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates among minority groups have been documented in the United States, despite an overall decline in these rates for the population as a whole. Differences in cervical cancer screening practices have been suggested as an explanation for these disparities, as have differences in treatment among various racial and ethnic groups. A number of factors are attributed to these observed differences. As minority populations continue to grow in size over the next 50 years, persistent disparities will place an ever increasing burden on these populations and on the national healthcare system. Strategies to reduce cervical cancer disparities need to be employed in order to reverse these trends.
Recording Demagnetization in Magnetic Tape Recording

An analysis of the magnetic tape recording process employing supersonic excitation is presented by considering the effect of the spatial distribution of the magnetic field around the recording head air gap on the magnetic history of an unmagnetized element of tape as it tracks across the recording head. This leads to an effect which is termed "recording demagnetization" and serves to explain certain performance characteristics. An experimental technique developed for the measurement of this recording demagnetization is described, as is the method of measuring the air-gap field distribution. Finally, the correlation of the measurements of the recording demagnetization with normal recording performance characteristics is reported.
Tissue and stage-specific distribution of Wolbachia in Brugia malayi.

Background: Most filarial parasite species contain Wolbachia, obligatory bacterial endosymbionts that are crucial for filarial development and reproduction. They are targets for alternative chemotherapy, but their role in the biology of filarial nematodes is not well understood. Light microscopy provides important information on morphology, localization and potential function of these bacteria. Surprisingly, immunohistology and in situ hybridization techniques have not been widely used to monitor Wolbachia distribution during the filarial life cycle. Methods/Principal Findings: A monoclonal antibody directed against Wolbachia surface protein and in situ hybridization targeting Wolbachia 16S rRNA were used to monitor Wolbachia during the life cycle of B. malayi. In microfilariae and vector stage larvae only a few cells contain Wolbachia. In contrast, large numbers of Wolbachia were detected in the lateral chords of L4 larvae, but no endobacteria were detected in the genital primordium. In young adult worms (5 weeks p.i.), a massive expansion of Wolbachia was observed in the lateral chords adjacent to ovaries or testis, but no endobacteria were detected in the growth zone of the ovaries, uterus, the growth zone of the testis or the vas deferens. Confocal laser scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that numerous Wolbachia are aligned towards the developing ovaries and single endobacteria were detected in the germline. In inseminated females (8 weeks p.i.) Wolbachia were observed in the ovaries, embryos and in decreasing numbers in the lateral chords. In young males Wolbachia were found in distinct zones of the testis and in large numbers in the lateral chords in the vicinity of testicular tissue but never in mature spermatids or spermatozoa. Conclusions: Immunohistology and in situ hybridization show distinct tissue and stage specific distribution patterns for Wolbachia in B. malayi. Extensive multiplication of Wolbachia occurs in the lateral chords of L4 and young adults adjacent to germline cells.
Rethinking disability and what to do about it: disability studies and its implications for occupational therapy

Disability studies seeks to reframe rehabilitation's understanding and responses to disability. Disability scholars point out that rehabilitation's perspectives and practices are not objective, but instead reflect particular historical and ideological forces. By demonstrating how rehabilitation practitioners can unintentionally do things that are unhelpful or even harmful, disability scholars challenge the profession of occupational therapy to reconsider aspects of practice, education, and research. In order to provide a context for a special issue devoted to disability studies, this paper examines disability studies' major critiques of rehabilitation and considers their implications for occupational therapy. The paper identifies ways that occupational therapy can continue to respond reflectively to the themes of disability studies. It also identifies a number of questions raised by disability studies that will need to be addressed in practice, education, and research.
Minority carrier injection characteristics of the diffused emitter junction

For the double-diffused transistor, a one-dimensional analysis is presented on the minority carrier injection properties of a diffused emitter junction. This junction is bounded on one side by a reverse biased collector and on the other by an ohmic contact of arbitrary recombination velocity. Furthermore, arbitrary magnitudes of minority carrier lifetime are assumed in both the emitter and base regions of this semiconductor device. Injection efficiency characteristics are graphically illustrated throughout a wide range of physical and geometrical parameters. Assuming, for example, variations in the emitter junction depth, injection properties are demonstrated for transistors exhibiting a fixed collector location and also for transistors exhibiting a fixed base width. A comparison is also shown between the calculated minority carrier injection from this analysis and from other, more approximate, methods.
Importance of the Positive-Strand RNA Secondary Structure of a Murine Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNA Internal Replication Signal in Positive-Strand RNA Synthesis

The RNA elements that are required for replication of defective interfering (DI) RNA of the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) consist of three discontinuous genomic regions: about 0.46 to 0.47 kb from both terminal sequences and an internal 58-nucleotide (nt)-long sequence (58-nt region) present at about 0.9 kb from the 5' end of the DI genome. The internal region is important for positive-strand DI RNA synthesis (Y. N. Kim and S. Makino, J. Virol. 69:4963-4971, 1995). We further characterized the 58-nt region in the present study and obtained the following results. (i) The positive-strand RNA structure in solution was comparable with that predicted by computer modeling. (ii) Positive-strand RNA secondary structure, but not negative-strand RNA structure, was important for the biological function of the region. (iii) The biological function had a sequence-specific requirement. We discuss possible mechanisms by which the internal cis-acting signal drives MHV positive-strand DI RNA synthesis.
Dietary supplements of mixtures of indispensable amino acids lacking threonine, phenylalanine or histidine increase the activity of hepatic threonine dehydrogenase, phenylalanine hydroxylase or histidase, respectively, and prevent growth depressions in chicks caused by dietary excesses of threonine, phenylalanine, or histidine☆

Experiments were carried out to determine whether the addition of a mixture of indispensable amino acids (IAA) lacking in threonine, phenylalanine or histidine, respectively, to a nutritionally complete diet would increase the hepatic activities of the rate-limiting enzymes for catabolism of threonine, phenylalanine or histidine and prevent the adverse effects of the amino acid on growth when the dietary level of the amino acid is excessive. Week old Leghorn chicks were fed semi-purified diets containing 19% crude protein to which were added no IAA supplement or 10% crude protein from an IAA mix and 5 graded levels of either L-threonine, L-phenylalanine or L-histidine in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each amino acid was investigated in a separate experiment involving four replicate pens (seven chicks each) per diet. Weight gains and feed consumptions were determined on the fourteenth day of each experiment. The groups receiving no excess, and 1.0% or 2.0% excesses of amino acids were sampled on the fifteenth day for enzyme activities and plasma amino acid concentrations. Weight gain and/or feed consumption were lower, and plasma concentrations of threonine, phenylalanine and histidine were higher, in chicks receiving 1.5 to 2.0% dietary additions of threonine, phenylalanine, and histidine, respectively, than in chicks that did not receive these amino acids. Chicks that received the amino acids in diets that also contained the IAA supplement had better growth and feed consumption, lower plasma concentrations of threonine, phenylalanine or histidine, higher plasma concentrations of other indispensable amino acids, and higher activities of threonine dehydrogenase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and histidase than chicks receiving excess amino acids in the absence of IAA supplements. We conclude that the dietary level of protein, not the dietary level of individual amino acids, is the primary determinant of the activity of amino acid degrading enzymes in liver. The increased activity of these enzymes may be the mechanism by which dietary protein alleviates the adverse effects of excessive levels of individual amino acids.
Lasing characteristics of iodine monofluoride

Lasing has been observed at 491 and 484 nm from iodine monofluoride in mixtures of He/CF3I/NF3. The emission and lasing spectrum were investigated as well as conditions for optimum lasing. Optimum lasing at E/N of 1.8×10−16 occurred at 1277/0.65/2 Torr with an output reflector of 32% transmission. A media gain of ∼ 2% per cm was measured at optimum lasing conditions. Passivation with CF3I was found to be important for longer‐lifetime operation.
Reversible medetomidine/ketamine anesthesia in captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).

BACKGROUND Medetomidine, an alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist administered with ketamine, induces sedation/anesthesia in non-human primates in a dose-dependent, species-specific manner. METHODS Two adult male capuchin monkeys enrolled in a study of kinematics of mastication were administered intramuscular (IM) injections of 150, 200 and 400 microg/kg medetomidine or medetomidine (microg/kg)/ketamine (mg/kg) at 200/2, 150/4. Medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole. Animals were then fed for 9-75 minutes. A second anesthesia reversal episode allowed return to home cage. RESULTS Medetomidine (150 microg/kg)/ketamine (4 mg/kg) provided anesthesia for handling and restraint within 10 minutes of administration. Atipamezole (750 microg/kg) IM provided reversal sufficient for the animal to eat by 22 minutes or perch by 31 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Medetomidine/ketamine administered IM in Cebus apella results in rapid, reproducible and safe anesthesia which is reversible with atipamezole. Nausea, vomiting or regurgitation were not observed during anesthesia reversal episodes in either the fasted or fed state.
Semantics modeling in diagnostic medical image databases using customized fuzzy membership functions

It is widely recognized that fuzzy methods play an important role in image database retrieval, especially in the context of semantic queries. Known approaches that use crisp hierarchical semantic networks have been studied and applied to content-based image retrieval (CBIR) to narrow the gap between semantics and image features. Unfortunately, most of the studies lack the flexibility to adapt to an individual's preferences and/or to establish a general-purpose semantic network for sharing the perceptual understanding. In this paper, we propose a semantic query system for diagnostic image database retrieval that uses physician-defined linguistic variables. Users can obtain more desirable retrieval results by creating new, customized semantic terms, and by modeling a suite of membership functions to reflect their preferences. The system brings an increased versatility for image retrieval, and a great amount of possibilities for customizing the semantic terms using customized fuzzy mappings. Our unique approach provides various query methods that use the semantic terms within the domain of HRCT images of the lung and allows individual users to bring the contribution to the common knowledge base.
Music as Philanthropy: Making Music and Building Community in Nineteenth-Century America

In nineteenth-century America, music was a form not only of entertainment, but also of philanthropy. Using Indianapolis as a model, this study demonstrates that musical performances raised money for needy people and worthwhile causes, but served an equally important function in helping to build a cohesive community, with both a national patriotism and a local civic pride. Music was a participatory activity, its performers and audiences drawn from the entire community without distinctions of class, wealth, or education. For its performers in particular, organized as they were in voluntary associations, music provided practical training in democracy. Evoking the philanthropic exertions of both musicians and patrons, capable of exercising a decisive moral influence over its listeners, music was explicitly understood to be an indispensable source of positive values.
Pertussis composite nanofibrous membranes as an acellular transdermal whooping cough vaccine

Whooping Cough has globally resurfaced due to the suboptimal quality of the traditional vaccines, cyclic variations in its pattern and discovery of new strains of the causative agent, Bordetella pertussis. Our studies provide a proof of principle for the development of a novel, solid state vaccine to counter the disease by successfully immobilizing Pertussis Toxin (PT), which is 200 times larger than molecules traditionally delivered through the skin, in electrospun nanofibrous membranes of the polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The transdermal delivery of the functional protein was verified using an in vitro assay utilizing Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The semiquantitative assay allowed us to estimate the extent of clumping of the adherent cells in the presence of functional PT from the basal media and homogenized constructs of EFT-200 human skin organotypic models (MatTek). The functionality of PT was compared to that of standard solutions of known concentrations as low as 6.25 ng/ml to quantify the findings. The successful delivery of biologically active PT through a model of uncompromised full thickness human skin indicates that the nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate for a novel transdermal vaccine, and may be employed in future strategies that would supplant traditional vaccination methods.
Predicting Litigation Outcomes

Economic theory asserts that, in general, the only cases going to trial should be cases with unpredictable outcomes. When the law applies to the facts to yield consistent and predictable outcomes, litigants have strong incentives to settle cases before trial. I test this theory using a dataset of decisions from the U.S. Courts of Appeals over a six-year period. My analysis includes over 70 variables such as the issues in the case, detailed information about the appellants and respondents, the legal history of the case, information about the litigants' attorneys, and extensive background information about the judges hearing the case. Employing a series of limited dependent variable models, I find that, despite the theoretical predictions, several case and judge variables are systematically related to case outcomes. Preliminary results from my study of decisions from U.S. District Courts find simlar relationships between case variables and case outcomes. The patterns revealed by the model have important implications for litigation strategy.
Analytical Tools for Investigating Stability and Power Generation of Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters

This paper presents a general linear methodology for analyzing how the choice of electrical load affects stability and average power generation of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. Using bond graph techniques, the entire electromechanical harvesting system is modeled as a dynamically equivalent electrical circuit and ultimately recast as a feedback control system. This modeling approach enables the use of well-established linear control tools to assess the overall stability of the energy harvesting system. These tools are used to show: 1) why the load which would result in maximum power transfer from the harvester to the load, as established by the maximum power transfer theorem (MPTT), can only be achieved at a single frequency, and 2) how to ensure the system will always remain stable if the harvester is used in conjunction with an active load. Moreover, the presented modeling approach enables development of the power harvesting ratio—an analytical method for quantifying the harvester's power generation when multi-frequency excitation is involved. A custom harvester was constructed for experimental evaluation of the power harvesting ratio when varying: 1) the electrical load attached across the harvester leads and 2) the multifrequency vibrations used to excite the harvester.
Comparative Theology: A Review of Recent Books (1989–1995):

L'A. analyse les voies empruntees par la theologie comparative contemporaine. Pour lui, il n'est pas necessaire de definir thematiquement les champs de cette theologie qui reste une discipline recente. Elle touche des domaines divers comme l'education, l'engagement religieux et le particularisme. Les theologiens comparatifs continuent de modeler leur discipline sans etre d'accord sur un ordre thematique precis. En suivant les developpements futurs de cette discipline ainsi que la marque d'interet portee par la communaute theologique en general, il sera possible de savoir cette pratique deviendra un trait crucial des etudes
Transition Metal Chlorides Are Lewis Acids toward Terminal Chloride Attached to Late Transition Metals

Two different neutral tridentate imine-donor pincer ligands interact with excess MCl2 (M = Co or Cu) to form compounds of the same stoichiometry, (LMCl2)2·MCl2, where the assembling force is the electron richness of the terminal chlorides on the LMCl2 unit. Finite aggregation occurs for M = Co, but for M = Cu, an infinite polymeric structure is adopted, all because MCl2 is bifunctional, which thus bridges multiple MCl units. The bis-pyrazolylpyridine ligand has two acidic NH protons, and both of these are involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The generality of this Lewis acid aggregation is discussed.
Effect of Sodium Intake on Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in the Rat

SummaryGentamicin nephrotoxicity was examined in rats on normal, high, and low sodium diets. Low sodium diet markedly potentiated nephrotoxic effects of the drug as evidenced by animal mortality, renal failure, pathological changes, and increased renal cortical concentration of the drug. High sodium intake reduced the cortical concentration of gentamicin but renal function and ultrastructure were similar to normally fed rats given in the same dose.
129Xe,29Si and27Al NMR studies of dealuminated Y zeolite

The dealumination of a commercial Y zeolite by contact with SiCl4 is monitored with NMR spectroscopy of29Si,27Al and129Xe. The results are interpreted in terms of the changes in the material as silicon is incorporated in the framework and aluminum is deposited in the pores.
The United States' national accreditation program for breast centers: a model for excellence in breast disease evaluation and management.

Background: The evaluation and management of patients with breast disease have historically been disorganized and fragmented, leading to inefficiencies in patient flow and increased anxiety. The NAPBC was founded to address this deficiency and optimize the system. Methods: Evidence-based breast center standards were developed by a multinational, multidisciplinary Board and revised after pilot surveys. The Board defined 17 essential components in the continuum of care, available on site or referred. Physician surveyors were trained to conduct triennial site visits to assure compliance with standards. Correction of deficiencies is required within 12 months. Results: Since the first accreditation award in late 2008, the NAPBC has grown rapidly. By the end of 2015, there will be 650 breast centers accredited by the NAPBC, with an additional 50 programs being scheduled for survey. Re-survey for continued accreditation occurs every 3 years. There has been minimal attrition. Survey results from our accredited centers indicate a high level of patient and facility satisfaction. Although only one foreign breast center has been NAPBC-accredited, and two scheduled for survey, the interest level is high. Thirty-two breast centers from 17 countries have requested information. Conclusions: The NAPBC provides an ideal model for facilities to render state of the art evaluation and treatment throughout the continuum of care for patients with breast disease. Accredited centers are afforded internal and external assessment of their performance based on recognized standards that demonstrate a commitment to quality care. The centers attain national recognition and public promotion. Patients, facilities and their providers are the ultimate beneficiaries.
Electrical Instability Suppression in 4H-SiC Power MESFETs

SiC has attracted great interest for high power microwave applications because of its superior intrinsic properties compared to Si and GaAs. Steady demonstrations of increasingly higher power handling capability have been achieved in recent years. However, SiC MESFETs still suffer from significant drain current degradation under RF operation or long-term DC stress. This degradation can be recovered after long periods of relaxation or immediately by illumination under UV light, which is indicative of a trapping effect. The origin of this effect has been attributed to either electron trapping at the device surface between the gate and drain or trapping at the epi-substrate interface due to the presence of electrically active contaminants in the bulk. Newly available “high purity” (non-vanadium compensated) bulk 4H semi-insulating SiC substrates were used in an effort to limit the effect of V-related deep level trapping at the substrate/epilayer interface. To investigate the effect of V on SiC MESFET performance, we compare similar devices fabricated on V compensated, and “high-purity” 4H-SiC substrates without intentional V doping. Presence or absence of V is confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis. Pulsed I-V measurements as well as current- and capacitance-based deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were performed to assess trapping activation energy and density. An assessment of device performance and stability for each substrate type is made using RF load-pull measurements and device long-term DC bias stressing at temperature.
Diabetic wound healing and limb salvage in an outpatient wound care program

Healing wounds and preventing amputations in diabetic patients is a challenge. Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, developed an outpatient Wound Care Center program to treat patients with chronic wounds. This comprehensive program includes wound assessment, vascular studies, revascularization, antibiotic therapy, wound debridement, a topical growth factor solution of platelet-derived wound healing factors, protection devices, and patient education. A retrospective study of wound healing and limb salvage was conducted on 54 diabetic patients with 86 wounds. Average previous wound duration was 8 months. Amputation had previously been recommended for 15 limbs. Healing occurred in 88% of the wounds in an average of 15.8 weeks. Ninety-three percent of the limbs for which amputation had been recommended were salvaged. Healing efficacy and amputation reduction have been demonstrated in this program.
Making a Spectacle of Itself: Magical Realism as Cosmopolitan Form in the Era of Late Globalization

Of the many critical approaches to literary cosmopolitanisms, or ways in which literature and cosmopolitanism are being brought to bear on one another, Tanya Agathocleous’s treatment of cosmopolitan form is among the most provocative. Agathocleous argues that cosmopolitanism poses problems of representation that make questions of literary form germane. The word cosmopolitanism itself engenders problems of competing scales, that of world (cosmos) and city (polis), she points out. Here is Agathocleous on this point: Whether construed as a juxtaposition between citizen and world, city and world, or — more generally — the particular and the universal, cosmopolitanism offers itself up as a representational challenge, thus making it especially congenial to the work of literary critics. Examining the way that cosmopolitanism is incarnated in form, I argue, broadens the conversation about literature and cosmopolitanism, allowing us to bring our particular strengths as literary critics to bear on a fundamentally interdisciplinary conversation. (Urban 12)
Comparative Outcomes after Haploidentical or Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients with Hematological Malignancies.

Abstract Most patients eligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will require identification of an alternate (unrelated or mismatched related) donor. We explored the transplantation outcomes for a sequential series of 54 patients undergoing haploidentical donor transplantation (HAPLO) compared to those from a control group of patients receiving cells from matched or mismatched unrelated donors (URD) selected by diagnosis and stem cell source. Patients undergoing HAPLO transplantations received graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (Cy). Day 15 neutrophil recovery was lower after HAPLO than in URD recipients (43% versus 77%, P 95% by day 28 after transplantation (88% versus 62%, P = .003). The cumulative incidence of grades II to IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) at 6 months after transplantation did not differ for these 2 groups (63% for HAPLO and 53% for URD recipients; P = .269), nor did the cumulative incidence of severe grade III/IV aGVHD (13% for HAPLO and 8% for URD recipients; P = .44). The cumulative incidence of moderate or severe chronic GVHD at 2 years did not differ, with probabilities of 24% for HAPLO and 18% for URD recipients (P = .43). The cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation by day 100 after transplantation did not differ (45% for HAPLO and 46% for URD recipients; P = .96). The HAPLO recipients experienced a lower incidence of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation by day 100 (6% versus 32%, P
The philosopher in the theater.

The moral principles found in philosophy and embodied in law are often strikingly complex, seemingly peculiar, and yet resolutely persistent. For instance, it was long held in Britain that a person could be tried for murder only if the victim died within a year and a day of the crime. And in the United States, if a robber gets into a shootout with a cop and the cop’s bullet hits a bystander, the robber can be charged with murdering the bystander. Naively, one might have assumed that murder could be defined simply as “causing another person to die.” In fact, the modern Model Penal Code requires pages of fine print to explain the details, just as it has over many decades and several comprehensive revisions. Our goal in this chapter is to explain three properties of moral principles: complexity, peculiarity, and persistence. Our argument rests on a simple model of the origins of moral principles. Abstract, general moral principles are constructed from the raw material of intuitive judgments of particular cases, as explained in the next section of the chapter. Those intuitive judgments depend, in turn, on many psychological capacities that are not specific to morality at all. These include attributions of causation (“John harmed Jane...”) and intent (“... on purpose ...”), which are pre-requisite to moral judgment (“... which was wrong”). Consequently, explicit moral principles reflect the complexity of our psychological processes of causal and intentional attribution, which we will explain in detail. That complexity can seem peculiar because our
A metastable liquid melted from a crystalline solid under decompression

A metastable liquid may exist under supercooling, sustaining the liquid below the melting point such as supercooled water and silicon. It may also exist as a transient state in solid–solid transitions, as demonstrated in recent studies of colloidal particles and glass-forming metallic systems. One important question is whether a crystalline solid may directly melt into a sustainable metastable liquid. By thermal heating, a crystalline solid will always melt into a liquid above the melting point. Here we report that a high-pressure crystalline phase of bismuth can melt into a metastable liquid below the melting line through a decompression process. The decompression-induced metastable liquid can be maintained for hours in static conditions, and transform to crystalline phases when external perturbations, such as heating and cooling, are applied. It occurs in the pressure–temperature region similar to where the supercooled liquid Bi is observed. Akin to supercooled liquid, the pressure-induced metastable liquid may be more ubiquitous than we thought. It is experimentally challenging to observe an intermediate liquid in solid–solid phase transitions due to short lifetimes of the resulting metastable states. Here, Linet al. show that a metastable bismuth liquid can be formed from a crystalline solid through decompression and maintained for hours.
Small molecule modulation of voltage gated sodium channels.

Voltage gated sodium channels are fundamental players in animals physiology. By triggering the depolarization of the lipid membrane they enable generation and propagation of the action potential. The involvement of these channels in numerous pathological conditions makes them relevant target for pharmaceutical intervention. Therefore, modulation of sodium conductance via small molecule binding constitutes a promising strategy to treat a large variety of diseases. However, this approach entails significant challenges: voltage gated sodium channels are complex nanomachines and the details of their workings have only recently started to become clear. Here we review – with emphasis on the computational studies – some of the major milestones in the long-standing search of a quantitative microscopic description of the molecular mechanism and modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels.
The benefits and limitations of needle protectors and needleless intravenous systems.

Needleless and needle protector intravenous systems have taken the place of 80% of needles used in i.v. therapy. Although these new systems are marketed as safe, many have not been widely tested and are not fail-safe. Each of the needleless i.v. systems and needle protector systems has limitations and potential benefit when applied in the appropriate circumstances. The benefits and limitations of these devices in today's healthcare market are discussed.
Poster: A Location-Privacy Approach for Continuous Queries

With the prevalence of smartphones, mobile apps have become more and more popular. However, many mobile apps request location information of the user. If there is nothing in place for location privacy, these mobile app users are in great risk of being tracked by malicious parties. Although the location privacy problem has been studied extensively by resorting to a third-party location anonymizer, there is very little work that allows the users to fully control the disclosure of their data using their smartphones alone. In this paper, we propose a novel Android App called MoveWithMe which automatically generates mocking locations. Most importantly, these mocking locations are not random like those generated by original Android location mocking function. The proposed MoveWithMe app generates k traces of mocking locations and ensures that each trace looks like a trace of a real human and each trace is semantically different from the real user's trace.
Site-Selective Growth of AgPd Nanodendrite-Modified Au Nanoprisms: High Electrocatalytic Performance for CO2 Reduction

Environmental impacts of continued CO2 production have led to an increased need for new methods of CO2 removal and energy development. Nanomaterials are of special interest for these applications, because of their unique chemical and physical properties that allow for highly active surfaces. Here, we successfully synthesize AgPd nanodendrite-modified Au nanoprisms in various shapes (nanoprisms, hexagonal nanoplates, and octahedral nanoparticles) by selective metal deposition. This strategy involves coupling galvanic replacement between Ag layers in Au@Ag core–shell nanoprisms and H2PdCl4 with a coreduction process of silver and palladium ions. Synthesis of AgPd nanodendrite-tipped (4.14–11.47 wt % Pd) and -edged (25.25–31.01 wt % Pd) Au nanoparticles can be controlled simply by tuning the concentration of H2PdCl4. More importantly, these multicomponent AgPd nanodendrite-modified Au nanoparticles show exceptional electrocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction. AgPd nanodendrite-edged Au nanoprisms show mor...
Astrophysics: Stellar siblings grow closer with age.

High-mass stars often pair up to form binary systems. Observations reveal that the stars in such systems are born farther apart than was formerly thought, casting fresh light on an enduring debate about star formation.
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases beyond eosinophilic esophagitis

Abstract Objective Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are a rare group of disorders that can have varied clinical presentations dependent on the involved segment within the gastrointestinal tract. Eosinophilic gastritis presents with abdominal pain or vomiting, eosinophilic gastroenteritis presents with diarrhea and anemia or hypoalbuminemia, and eosinophilic colitis can present with diarrhea or bloody stools. These nonspecific symptoms remain poorly understood in their relation to the underlying pathogenesis, but a significant percentage of patients have atopy. In this review, we discuss the current literature on EGIDs to promote a practical approach to diagnosis and care. Data Sources Review of published literature. Study Selections Clinically relevant literature from 1900 through 2018 was obtained from a PubMed search. Those that addressed prevalence, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, natural history, and treatment of EGIDs were reviewed and are summarized in this article. Results Of the 485 articles found in the search, most of which were case reports, 71 were selected for review. The natural history of EGIDs is based primarily on case series and small numbers of patients, making therapeutic decisions difficult. Treatment remains limited to dietary restriction that is not effective in many patients and topical or systemic corticosteroids whose long-term use is to be avoided if possible. Conclusion With the seeming increase in all types of EGIDs, phenotypic descriptions are emerging that will likely promote better understanding of the pathogenesis and identification of novel therapeutic targets.