cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constraints on Long-Period Sea Level Variations from Global Tide Gauge Data

We use monthly, global tide gauge data archived at the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level to search for: (1) the 18.6-year ocean tide; (2) the 14-month pole tide in the deep ocean and in the North Sea region; (3) the response of the ocean to variations in atmospheric pressure; (4) the global rise in sea level; and (5) vertical crustal motions due to post glacial rebound. We typically use data from all of the tide gauges in an individual analysis, employing techniques such as data stacking and least-squares-fitting in time and space. We conclude: (a) the 18.6-year tide and 14-month pole tide in the deep ocean are consistent with equilibrium values to within 20–30%; (b) it is possible that the apparently anomalous pole tide in the North Sea region could, instead, be a response to meteorological forcing of some kind; (c) the response of the deep ocean to variations in atmospheric pressure at periods between 2 months and several decades is consistent with the inverted barometer assumption to within about 5%; (d) the global rise in sea level over the last century has been between 1.45 and 2.60 mm/yr, with a preferred value of 1.75 mm/yr; (e) Peltier’s (1986) model for the vertical uplift caused by post glacial rebound is, in general, in good agreement with the global tide gauge data. Our results suggest the tide gauge data could be useful to help refine post glacial rebound models in the future.
Adults with indolent systemic mastocytosis have elevated peripheral blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells compared to chronic urticaria and healthy controls. (HUM7P.320)

MDSCs are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells shown to be immunomodulatory in many diseases. In humans, they are identified by surface expression of CD33 and CD11b and lack of HLA DR. MDSCs are further divided into monocytic (M-MDSCs, CD14+) and granulocytic (G-MDSCs, CD15+) subsets. Our previous data showed that the prevalence and suppressive activity of murine MDSCs was augmented by the presence of mast cells (MCs). Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) is a human disease caused by the clonal expansion of MCs. We propose that increased MCs and MC mediators frequently associated with mastocytosis produce an increase in peripheral blood MDSCs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood obtained from adults with ISM and from chronic urticaria (CU, drug control), and healthy (H) age-matched controls. PBMCs, labeled with antibodies against HLA-DR, CD33, CD11b, CD15, and CD14, were analyzed by flow cytometry. MDSC concentrations in blood (x 106 cells/mL, mean ± standard error) were calculated. MDSC concentration was elevated (p
Aerobic fitness training and health locus of control

Wenzel, Timothy, M.S., November 1984, Health, Physical Education and Recreation Aerobic Fitness Training and Healt^Locus of Control (55pp) Director: Dr. Kathleen Miller'^^^77 This paper reports the results of a study which sought to investigate the effect of a ten week aerobic fitness training program on a subject's score from the Health Locus of Control Scale. Subjects were 69 students enrolled in the Physical Education (PRED 1115) class in the 1983-84 academic year in the Justice Administration and Youth Development Program at Mount Royal College, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The research hypothesis was that there would be a significant change in the scores from the external to internal indices on the Health Locus of Control Scale with those subjects who improved on their aerobic fitness level over the ten week training program. However, the null hypothesis was accepted. The correlation between the change in the subjects' fitness levels and their scores on the Health Locus of Control Scale was .13. The results however did indicate that i^en the post-test scores were compared between the control group and the experimental group from the Health Locus of Control Scale the mean scores of the control group actually decreased while scores for the experimental group increased. The change for each group was limited however to the same level, specifically the 'moderately internal' level.
The case for run-time replaceable kernel modules

Kernel modules encapsulate too many policy and implementation trade-offs. No matter how you design your VM, IPC, scheduling, or IO subsystems, you will make some customers unhappy. It is argued that an operating system kernel that allows the run-time replacement of modules is an appropriate solution, especially for consumer-oriented environments. The replacement of core kernel modules allows applications to solve feature-deficiency, performance, and version-skew problems. Seamless replacement at run time allows other active applications to continue undisturbed. For example, a primitive virtual memory system might be replaced with one that supports mapped files and copy-on-write. A time-sharing scheduler might be upgraded with one that supports dead-line scheduling. An interprocess communication facility might be replaced to make a particular combination of communication options more efficient. An application known to tickle a bug in an old version of the MMU-handling code might load a more recent version of this machine-dependent code. After reviewing the motivation for this proposal, the author examines existing approaches and dismisses them as inadequate. He then considers run-time module replacement, with the goal of establishing it as a conceivable alternative worthy of further research. >
African-American Substance Use Epidemiology and Prevention Issues

The disproportionate and devastating impact that alcohol and other drug use has had on the Black community is becoming increasingly clear as is the need for rigorous research on the causes of this inequity and ways to prevent it. As this chapter points out, researchers must first understand the culture and diversity of the African-American community and identify ways to effectively involve families and communities in efforts to prevent substance abuse. Increased efforts must be made to understand and reinforce protective factors, such as religious and church activity, education, employment, family support, communal orientations, and ethnic pride. Additionally, the field of drug abuse prevention would be greatly enhanced by the increased involvement of African-American researchers and professionals who have a vested interest in the needs of the population and have a greater advantage in overcoming community barriers. In conclusion, the specific needs of the Black community must be understood and addressed if we are to overcome the disproportionate burden alcohol and other drug use imposes on this community.
Polymer-Polymer Interdiffusion and Adhesion

Abstract Adhesion is a phenomenon related to microscopic and macroscopic interactions between two polymer surfaces brought into intimate contact. This includes microscopic as well as macroscopic interactions. The most important theories of adhesion for polymer-polymer interfaces are the wetting and diffusion theories. The wetting theory describes the initial stage of adhesion in bringing the two polymers into intimate contact. After molecular contact is established, segments of the two polymers diffuse across the interface and the interface heals as a function of time [1, 2]. Therefore, the extent of adhesion at polymer-polymer interfaces is determined by the extent of diffusion and the interfacial thickness between the two polymers.
Surface Characterization of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Films Modified with Fluorinated Additives

The modification of a polymer surface is valuable in applications where specific chemical and physical properties must be presented to other contacting materials. The surface concentration and orientation of linear and branched fluorosurfactant additives and the corresponding surface properties were investigated in fluorosurfactant-modified films of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The results from surface-segregated samples were compared to those from samples that were solution-coated with the same additives to achieve surface coverages similar to those attainable with complete surface segregation. The chemical composition and physical structure of the modified film surfaces were characterized using attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and static water contact angle measurements. Results from ATR-FTIR, XPS, and contact angle measurements indicated that, for the fluorinated additives studied, the linear, l...
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy and Electron Microprobe Microscopy Investigations of Immiscibility Effects in Indium Gallium Phosphide Grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy

We have used Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) to study the topographic and microscopic optical properties of indium gallium phosphide (In1−xGaxP) samples grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) on gallium arsenide substrates. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity images gathered using NSOM exhibit strong, highly localized variations in the optical properties of these samples that are seen to occur roughly in registry with the surface topography. Shifts in the PL peak position (by 27 meV) occur across highly mismatched samples with high In content, whereas no shifts were seen for In1−xGaxP films with a nearly lattice matched composition. Compositional fluctuations lead to these PL peak energy shifts, measured by NSOM with a resolution of 250 nm. These composition fluctuations arise from the known solid-solid miscibility gap in the In1−xGaxP system at temperatures used for the growth of these samples.
Health monitoring for effective management of infrastructure

Significance of effectively managing civil infrastructure systems (CIS) throughout CIS life-cycles, and especially during and after natural or man-made disasters is well recognized. Disaster mitigation includes preparedness for hazards to avoid casualties and human suffering, as well as to ensure that critical CIS components can become operational within a short amount of time following a disaster. It follows that mitigating risk due to disasters and CIS managementare intersecting and interacting societal concerns. A coordinated, multi-disciplinary approach that integrates field, theoretical and laboratory research is necessary for innovating both hazard mitigation and infrastructure management. Health monitoring (HM) of CIS is an emerging paradigm for effective management, including emergency response and recovery management. Challenges and opportunities in health monitoring enabled by recent advances in information technology are discussed in this paper. An example of HM research on an actual CIS test-bed is presented.
Failure of adrenocorticotropin and various stimuli to deplete the ascorbic acid content of the adrenal gland of the quail.

WITHIN recent years a number of procedures have been devised to determine the secretory activity of the adrenal cortex. One of the tests most commonly used is the loss of ascorbic acid from the adrenal gland. The depletion of the adrenal gland of its ascorbic acid and cholesterol following the administration of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) has been amply confirmed by many investigators since it was first reported by Sayers, Sayers, Fry, White and Long (1944) and Sayers, Sayers, Liang and Long (1947). These investigators reported a maximum drop in the adrenal ascorbic acid within one hour and in the adrenal cholesterol within four hours after the injection of ACTH. Exposure of normal animals to such stressful stimuli as cold, scalding, formaldehyde injections etc. likewise produced a decrease in both adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol. As these changes did not occur in hypophysectomized animals it was concluded that the effect was mediated through the release of ACTH from the pituitary gland.
CD40-CD40L and platelet function: beyond hemostasis.

Traditionally, platelets have been thought of as anuclear, subcellular fragments derived from megakaryocytes circulating in blood as small discs and mitigating hemorrhage. This hemostatic process requires platelet activation, a complex chain of events involving rapid structural changes that activate adhesion receptors, remodel the cytoskeleton, and lead to the eventual synthesis and secretion of various platelet-derived factors. The result of this cascade is the formation of platelet-dependent thrombosis that primarily attenuates bleeding but, in pathophysiological settings, contributes to occlusive vascular events. These clinical realities have led to the bias that platelets are primarily involved in thrombosis and hemostasis. This bias has been reflected in the predominant use of platelet aggregometry as the standard method for quantifying platelet activation ex vivo. This technique, however, only identifies platelet-platelet binding (homotypic aggregates) and, in clinical settings, has promoted a relatively simplistic vision of platelet function. The focus on platelet-dependent thrombosis has made the platelet aggregate a common therapeutic target in syndromes involving vascular occlusion. However, merely preventing the process of platelet-platelet binding may not always translate into clinical efficacy as seen in the recent disappointing results associated with the use of the oral IIb/IIIa inhibitors.1 Recently, studies have suggested that platelets also participate in inflammatory reactions. Platelets are known to produce inflammatory mediators including platelet-derived growth factor, platelet factor 4, and transforming growth factor-β. Platelets are also known to bind, via P-selectin (CD62P) expressed on the surface of activated platelets to the leukocyte receptor, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). The relevance of this binding is supported by a study demonstrating that the infusion of recombinant soluble human form of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 in an animal model of vascular injury reduced myocardial reperfusion injury and preserved vascular endothelial function.2 The clinical implications of heterotypic aggregates are shown by studies demonstrating that after …
"Real World" Particulate Explosives Test Coupons for Optical Detection Applications

Trace or residue explosives detection typically involves examining explosives found as solid particles on a solid substrate. Different optical spectroscopy techniques are being developed to detect these explosives in situ by probing how light interacts with the surface bound particles of explosives. In order to evaluate these technologies it is important to have available suitable test coupons coated with particles of explosives. When fabricating test coupons to evaluate detection performance or help train a detection algorithm, it is important to use realistic test coupons and consider how the physicochemical properties of the explosives particles, related chemicals, and substrate may affect the spectra produced or signal intensities observed. Specific features of interest include surface fill factor, particle sizes, areal density, degree of particle contact with a substrate and any other chemicals in addition to the explosives and substrate. This level of complexity highlights the need to fabricate test coupons which mimic “real world” particle coated surfaces. With respect to metrics derived from fingerprints, we compare the properties of test coupons fabricated by sieving and inkjetting for ammonium nitrate, TNT, RDX, and sucrose on stainless steel, automotive painted steel, glass and polyethylene substrates. Sieving provides a random distribution of particles, allows fractionation of relevant particle sizes and allows relevant surface fill factors to be achieved. Inkjetting provides precise control of aerial density but because of complications related to solvent-substrate interactions, relevant fill factors and particle sizes are difficult to achieve. In addition, we introduce a custom image analysis technique, NRL ParticleMath, developed to characterize and quantify particle loadings on test coupons.
Radioimmunoassay for detection of anti-oligodendrocyte antibodies.

Abstract A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection and quantitation of rabbit anti-oligodendrocyte antibody has been developed using bovine oligodendroglia preparation. The assay is simple, rapid, reproducible and economical. It is approximately 150× as sensitive as immunofluorescence. Specificity has been established by using different bovine tissue antigens as substrate and absorption studies. This assays represents a potentially powerful tool for the detection and quantitation of anti-oligodendroglial antibodies and oligodendroglial antigens in serum and CSF of man and experimental animals.
A Generic Platform for Efficient Processing of Spatial Monitoring Queries in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks

A spatial monitoring query (SMQ) retrieves the set of mobile nodes that satisfy some spatial constraints, and provides real-time updates whenever this set of nodes changes. Efficient processing of such queries is essential to moving objects database management. Existing techniques rely on one or more central servers for query management and assume each mobile node can communicate with some server directly. These limitations prevent them from being used in application scenarios where no such server exists. This paper assumes a mobile peer-to-peer system where mobile nodes are the only computing devices, and investigates the challenges of allowing mobile nodes to collaborate in query processing. We present a cost-effective technique to process a primitive type of SMQs and then show that other types of queries can be converted into the primitive type of queries. As such, different types of queries can now be supported within a common platform and without relying on any stationary server. We also evaluate, through both mathematical analysis and simulation, the performance of the proposed platform in terms of mobile communication costs incurred in query processing.
Generalization to novel views from view combination

Four experiments examined whether or not exposure to two views (A and B) of a novel object improves generalization to a third view (C) through view combination on tasks that required symmetry or recognition memory decisions. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that exposure to either View A or View B alone produced little or no generalization to View C on either task. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that exposure to both View A and View B did improve generalization to View C, but only for symmetrical objects. Experiment 3 replicated this generalization advantage for symmetrical but not asymmetrical objects, when objects were well learned at study. The results of Experiment 4 showed that Views A and B did not have to be presented consecutively to facilitate responses to View C. Together, the pattern of results suggests that generalization to novel views does occur through view combination of temporally separated views, but it is more likely to be observed with symmetrical objects.
Influence of variety and storage for up to 22 days on nutrient composition and gossypol level of Pima cottonseed (Gossypium spp.)

Abstract Four varieties of Pima cottonseed ( Gossypium spp.; HTO, PHY 57, S-6 and S-7) were collected from 10 cotton gins located in the southwest USA during the fall of 1999 to determine the extent of varietal differences in nutritional components, as well as gossypol levels. In an associated study, the influence of storage for up to 22 days on nutrient composition, gossypol levels and indices of decomposition was assessed in 5 tonne piles of cracked Pima cottonseed at four cotton gins. The piles were on concrete in large roofed storage sheds with open sides. Samples from both studies were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP), crude fat (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 30 h in vitro rumen degradable NDF (dNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and gossypol content. In general, variation within variety exceeded variation among varieties and so there were few varietal differences in nutrient levels. These differences were restricted to organic matter, CP, Ca, K, Cl, Fe, and Zn. There were no varietal differences in total or free gossypol levels, although there were varietal differences in levels of the ‘+’ and ‘−’ isomers of total gossypol. Temperatures of the 5 tonne piles of cracked Pima cottonseed decreased ( P P P
EOCENE FLORAL EVIDENCE OF LAURACEAE: CORROBORATION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MEGAFOSSIL RECORD'

Numerous megafossils of Lauraceae have been reported from the early Tertiary of North America, but the subfamilial affinities are usually not well understood due to the great morphological variability found in extant taxa. The flowers of Androglandula tennessensis gen. et sp. nov. Taylor, from the Middle Eocene Claiborne Formation, are six-parted, pedicellate, bracteate, and have stamens with paired basal staminal glands. The flowers have ethereal oil cells and paracytic stomates throughout. The fossil species has affinities with the subtribe Cinnamomineae, and this supports suggestions that the Middle Eocene climate of the southeastern U.S. was subtropical. The existence of this fossil, and reports of the subtribe from the Eocene of Europe, indicate a South American-North American-European-southeast Asian paleodistribution suggesting that extinction in North America and Europe was the cause of the tribe's current disjunct distribution. THERE ARE NUMEROUS reports of fossil Lauraceae from the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary of North America (LaMotte, 1952; Table 1). The fossils occur in Greenland, Vermont, and Tennessee in the east, throughout the Rocky Mountain region, and along the Pacific coast from California to Alaska. Many of the older reports incorrectly assign fossils to Lauraceae (Kostermans, 1957), but the more recent reports are better substantiated and the affinities of the fossils to the family are based on diagnostic characters. Unfortunately, more precise indications of the relationships within Lauraceae are difficult as many of the extant taxa lack clearly diagnostic or shared derived characters.
Security issues in the North Pacific

Abstract The North Pacific is generally regarded as the second most strategic region in the world after the North Atlantic. The United States and Canada are on the eastern rim, and the Soviet Union, Japan, the two Koreas, and China are on the western rim. This region encompasses a substantial economic infrastructure, which is highly dynamic and has global effect. In partial recognition of the geostrategic importance of the region, the United States and the Soviet Union have deployed the second largest concentration of their naval forces to the North Pacific. In addition, China has the third largest navy in the world with a significant strategic impact on the region. With the end of the cold war, a gradual reduction of superpower naval forces in the region is now in process, and a new balance of power will have to be struck.
Specification tests and tests for overidentifying restrictions in panel data models with selection

Abstract Standard tests are generally not applicable in panel data models with selection. The paper shows how the Hausman specification test and the Sargan–Hansen test for overidentifying restrictions can be generalized to panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity and sample selection.
Choline and diethylcholine transport into a cholinergic clone of neuroblastoma cells.

Abstract The transport of choline and diethylcholine has been investigated in a cholinergic clone (S20F 3 ) of mouse neuroblastoma cells. Choline transport was linear for the first 20 min of incubation and was temperature dependent at low concentrations ( −5 M). Diethylcholine transport was linear for the first 10 min of incubation and was also temperature dependent at low concentrations. High affinity ( K m −6 M) and low affinity ( K m > 1 × 10 −5 M) components of transport were found for both compounds. The transport system had a greater apparent affinity (lower K m ) for choline than for diethylcholine (3-fold), but maximal transport velocities were about equal. Each compound competitively inhibited the other's high affinity transport. Hemicholinium (1 × 10 −5 M) slightly inhibited high affinity choline transport but triethylcholine (1 × 10 −6 −1 × 10 −4 M) did not. Choline transport was also found to be dependent on the pH and pCO 2 of the medium.
The use of geochemical mass-balance and mixing models to determine groundwater sources

Abstract The groundwater recharge system in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory is complex, with potential recharge from horizontal regional flow from the NE, horizontal flow originating in drainage basins N and NW of the site, streambed infiltration and infiltration of direct precipitation. Groundwater chemistry, tritium,δD/δ 18 O, δ 34 S, δ 13 C and 14 C were measured at 9 wells along 2 groundwater flow paths at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Geochemical mass balance and mixing models were used to determine groundwater sources along the flow paths. Groundwater from the most distal well, NPR-WO I, was found to be a mixture of groundwater flow from the NW, groundwater flow from the NE and water from the Big Lost River. The difference between measured and calculated 14 C concentrations at this well indicate that the source waters are modern, which is consistent with the rapid horizontal flow velocities of groundwater in the Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer.
Monitoring for suspected pulmonary embolism.

Perioperative pulmonary embolism may be caused by a number of substances. Although many of these substances are specific to a disease or a procedure (e.g., air or amniotic fluid), thromboembolism may occur in a wide variety of situations. As discussed in this article, monitoring for and diagnosis of pulmonary embolism represent a significant part of the responsibilities of the anesthesiologist in perioperative management of the surgical patient.
On the coalescence of twisted flux tubes

We study the problem of the coalescence of twisted flux tubes by assuming that the azimuthal field lines reconnect at a current sheet during the coalescence process and everywhere else the magnetic field is frozen in the fluid. We derive relations connecting the topology of the coalesced flux tube with the topologies of the initial flux tubes, and then obtain a structure equation for calculating the field configuration of the coalesced flux tube from the given topology. Some solutions for the two extreme cases of low-β plasma and high-β plasma are discussed. The coalesced flux tube has less twist than the initial flux tube. Magnetic helicity is found to be exactly conserved during the coalescence, but the assumptions in the model put a constraint on the energy dissipation so that we do not get a relaxation to the minimum-energy Taylor state in the low-β case. It is pointed out that the structure equation connecting the topology and the equilibrium configuration is quite general and can be of use in many two-dimensional flux tube problems.
Nuclear Enterprise Performance Measurement

The criticality of the United States Air Force nuclear enterprise demands that commanders have the best possible understanding of system performance, both in the aggregate and at the drill-down levels, sufficient to make timely corrective actions when warranted. We propose a new strategy-linked measurement system for nuclear enterprise sustainment, which includes a set of performance metrics and a new Aggregation h method for aggregating the metrics. Our metrics use United States Air Force approved or adapted metrics that accommodate weighting and enable performance comparisons between organizations or performance within the same organization over time. We demonstrate our method with generated performance data designed to test the sensitivity of our method. Our Aggregation h method provides a simple, intuitive measurement approach that enables unity of effort and influences behavior at each hierarchical level towards achieving strategic goals, and is extendable to performance measurement for other complex...
The qualitative effect of anesthetic gases on spontaneous potentials from explants of brain tissue in culture.

Die spontanen Potentiale von Telencephalon-Explantatenin vivo werden durch anasthetische Gase nach anfanglichem Potentialanstieg vermindert bzw. gehemmt. Die Potentiale kommen in ihrer ursprunglichen Form nach Entfernung des Betaubungsmittels mit warmer Luft wieder zuruck, und die Explantate sind dann wieder durch dasselbe oder andere Betaubungsmittel beeinflussbar.
Computer Fundamentals in Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging

With the incorporation of the digital scan converter in real-time instruments, the computer has assumed an expanding role in diagnostic ultrasound imaging. A knowledge of computer fundamentals is essential for understanding the operation of present day scanners. The concepts of binary notation, memory capacity, analog-to-digital conversion, and the matrix format in digital imaging are discussed in detail. The accuracy of the analog-to-digital conversion is addressed with multiple illustrative examples. Data base management as a practical tool in the clinical environment is introduced.
A Note Concerning the Effect of Varying Extinction on Radiative-Photochemical Relaxation

Abstract The effect of varying ozone column density on radiative-photochemical relaxation is examined. It is shown that neglecting variations in the total number of ozone molecules between a particular level and the sun can result in a spurious 50% increase in the damping rate of temperature perturbations. The relaxation rate of ozone perturbations, on the other hand, is decreased by as much as 50% if variations in extinction are neglected. The distribution and magnitude of the effect of varying column density on radiative-photochemical relaxation depends on elevation, latitude and season.
Generating infrastructure for FPGA-accelerated applications

Whether for use as the final target or simply a rapid prototyping platform, programming systems containing FPGAs is challenging. Some of the difficulty is due to the difference between the models used to program hardware and software, but great effort is also required to coordinate the simultaneous execution of the application running on the microprocessor with the accelerated kernel(s) running on the FPGA. In this paper we present a new methodology and programming model for introducing hardware-acceleration to an application running in software. The application is represented as a data-flow graph and the computation at each node in the graph is specified for execution either in software or on the FPGA using the programmer's language of choice. We have implemented an interface compiler which takes as its input the FIFO edges of the graph and generates code to connect all the different parts of the program, including those which communicate across the hardware/software boundary. Our methodology and compiler enable programmers to effectively exploit FPGA acceleration without ever leaving the application space.
Thiol-Linked Anthraquinone Anthryl Acetylene Molecule: Synthesis, Self-assembly, and Photoelectrochemical Properties

A novel self-assembling molecule with coplanar anthraquinonyl and anthryl moieties linked by an acetylenic unit has been designed and synthesized as an electron acceptor for efficient photocurrent generation. The high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images showed that the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of this molecule forms highly ordered two-dimensional (2D) arrays on Au(111) with an oblique lattice and graphite-like stacking at room temperature. The electrochemical study of this molecule and its SAM on Au showed reversible characteristics. The SAMs generated by co-assembling this acceptor with an oligo(pyrrolethiophene) donor show very promising photoelectrochemical properties. The amount of photocurrent generated (up to 1425 nA/cm2, 23.1% of quantum yield) under the illumination of 360 nm light is comparable to that obtained from using a C60-based molecule as the electron acceptor (1700 nA/cm2). This result demonstrates the feasibility of using anthraquinone-anthrylacetylene-thiol linke...
Charles F. Prentice award lecture 2008: surgical correction of presbyopia with intraocular lenses designed to accommodate.

ABSTRACTSurgical restoration of accommodation with accommodating intra-ocular lenses (A-IOLs) presents a complex set of problems involving the design of the prosthetic mechanism. A variety of designs are currently employed that either translate the A-IOL toward the cornea along the sagittal axis, sh
MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF A TUNED LIQUID DAMPER

Experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the feasibility of using active control of the tuned liquid damper for reducing the vibration of large civil structures. The results indicate that a simple mechanism can be designed to actively control the tuning of the system by adjusting the length of the liquid tank with rotatable baffles driven by stepping motors. The tank can be permanently installed and no powerful actuators would be required to regulate its motion. As a result, the system can be built inexpensively and can be tested frequently to ensure its reliability. A control strategy based on detection of frequency content and two-state control is simple and can be easily implemented in a microprocessor. Preliminary results of the damper model identification are provided, allowing computer simulations and the design of advanced control strategies for fine tuning of the liquid damper in future studies. The performance of this novel damper is verified by computer simulations and experiments using a physical model.
Using GFP to see the light

Abstract Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is responsible for the green bioluminescence from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The intense fluorescence of GFP is due to the nature of a chromophore composed of modified amino acids within the polypeptide. Formation of the fluorescent chromophore is species independent and apparently does not require any additional factors. Hence, because the gene product is easily detectable by its intense fluorescence, the gfp cDNA has become a unique reporter system. The advantages of GFP are being exploited in a variety of experimental systems and this is illustrated in the accompanying articles on Dicyostelium, plants, Drosophila and mammalian cells.
Assigning tolerances to J-values used in safety analysis

This paper describes the methodology employed in the estimation of the input parameters required for J-value analysis. The conceptual foundations and theory behind J-value analysis are first presented, and the relevant parameters are derived. Evaluations of the parameters are then shown and their implications discussed, including an estimate of the coefficient of relative risk aversion, risk-aversion for short. Uncertainties of the parameters are calculated. It is shown that the internal accuracy of the J-value is +/−4%, but that other external, case-dependant effects may reduce this accuracy. Some of these case-dependant sources of uncertainty are discussed and quantified.
Orthodontics in the 21st century: a view from across the pond.

It is a privilege to sit on the editorial board of the Journal of Orthodontics and to write this guest editorial. My first publication in this journal was an essay submission for the Chapman Prize ...
Effect of laser-induced damage on the National Ignition Facility optical design (Abstract Only)

The National Ignition Facility for Inertial Confinement Fusion (NIF), now under construction at LLNL, will contain a neodymium glass laser system with more than 7000 large optical components capable of irradiating fusion targets with shaped laser pulses of up to 500TW and 1.8 MJ at 351 nm. The laser must operate at the highest feasible fluence to control the cost of the facility, so laser-induced damage and the mitigation of damage are major drivers in the optical design. Cleanliness is essential to reduce damage and obscurations, so optical components for the facility will be transferred from clean assembly areas to the laser bays in sealed clean containers that will insert these optics into the laser without exposing them to contamination from the building environment. 'Ghost' or stray light beams can be a source of damage, and the identification and analysis of both linear and nonlinear ghosts and their interactions with other laser components has been a major part of the optical design effort. Damage and nonlinear effects at 351 nm are much more challenging than at the 1053 nm laser fundamental frequency, and this has had a major effect on the design of the final optics at the target chamber. The vacuum barrier at the target chamber will be at 1053 nm to improve laser performance and increase safety, and the 351-nm components most likely to damage will be easily removable for servicing. The presentation will cover these and other features of the design, and our strategy for procuring these topics with high damage thresholds.
Randomization of Group Contingencies and Reinforcers to Reduce Classroom Disruptive Behavior

Abstract The present study employed an ABAB design to investigate the effect of randomizing both contingencies for reinforcement and reinforcers to decrease classroom disruptive behavior in 5 adolescent students with serious emotional disorder. With the introduction of the intervention, it was found that the percentage of observed intervals of disruptive behaviors decreased immediately and dramatically in all students. The effect sizes for the 5 participants ranged from 2.6 to 5.2.
Collagenolytic activity of rabbit V2-carcinoma growing at multiple sites.

Abstract Rabbit V2-carcinoma was maintained by serial transfer of cell suspensions prepared from solid invasive tumors growing in the thigh muscles of rabbits. No collagenolytic enzyme, active or activatable, was found in extracts of 17 of 19 tumors removed from this site. In contrast, collagenolytic activity was detected in all extracts prepared from V2-carcinoma growing in a subcutaneous site in all of seven rabbits. In five rabbits, tumor growth was initiated both subcutaneously and intramuscularly. Homogenates prepared from these tumors showed collagenolytic activity in both sites. No activity was extracted from tumors growing at two different intramuscular sites in the same animal. These results suggest that the site of tumor growth influences collagenolytic activity and the expression of this enzyme at an intramuscular site may be influenced by a second, subcutaneous, neoplasm.
Explicit multi-time step integration for first and second order finite element semidiscretizations

Abstract Explicit multi-time step (subcycling) integration algorithms based on nodal partitions for both first and second order systems are presented. The algorithm is identical to an earlier algorithm of the senior author, but some simplifications have been made in the actual algorithm which make it easier to implement in general purpose programs. Consistency, convergence and stability analyses of this algorithm for first order systems are given. Interpolations on the interfaces between different time step domains are studied. A general conjecture on the stability criterion for second order systems with subcycling and nodal partitions is also proposed, and some unsolved theoretical difficulties are posed.
Changes in the cellular content of polyamines in different tissues of seed and fruit of a normal and a hull-less seed variety of pumpkin during development

Comparative analyses of cellular contents of free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) in different tissues of developing fruit and seed of a normal and hull-less seed mutant of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) were undertaken on different days post anthesis (dpa). The hull-less condition affects hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents of secondary cell walls of the seed coat (testa) tissue resulting in a thin papery testa. Polyamine analyses of the pericarp and the testa tissues showed a higher level of all three polyamines early in development coincident with the period of rapid cell division, differentiation, and growth. All three polyamines declined in the testa upon maturity. The hull-less testa had higher levels of all three polyamines compared to the normal testa, which could be either due to a decrease in conjugation of free polyamines with phenolic acids as a result of their reduced production for lignin biosynthesis, and/or in relation to reduced water stress in the hull-less testa. The embryo, which had the highest polyamine levels of all tissues, showed a greater increase in putrescine with time in the normal seed as compared to the mutant seed. It is suggested that this may be due to the reduced level of stress in the mutant seed as the testa retains higher moisture level for a longer time. Both spermidine and spermine showed a gradual decline with the development of the embryo.
High Bandpass Spatial Filtering Of The Primary X-Ray Beam

A method of spatially filtering the primary x-ray beam to emphasize the middle and upper frequency structure within a patient is under investigation. In a feasibility study, a copper filter is constructed which complements the low frequency structure of a scout film. The filter is placed in the x-ray beam and a new radiograph is taken. The result is a final x-ray in which the low frequency structures are suppressed, i.e., the middle and upper frequency structures are emphasized. This provides nearly constant detection probabilities for small, low contrast structures, regardless of their location in the patient. The results obtained from several such filters are very encouraging.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Neural developmental changes in processing inverted faces.

We explored developmental changes in neural substrates for face processing, using fMRI. Children and adults performed a perceptual-matching task with upright and inverted face and animal stimuli. Behaviorally, inversion disrupted face processing more than animal processing for adults and older children. In line with this behavioral pattern, the left middle occipital gyrus showed a stronger face than animal inversion effect in adults. Moreover, a superior aspect of this region showed a greater face inversion effect in older than in younger children, indicating a developmental change in the processing of inverted faces. The visual regions recruited for inverted face processing in adults also overlapped more with brain regions involved in the viewing of upright objects than with regions involved in the viewing of upright faces in an independent localizer task. Hence, when faces are inverted, adults recruit regions normally engaged for recognizing objects, possibly pointing to a role for the featural processing of inverted faces.
At “Permanent Risk”: Reasoning and Self‐Knowledge in Self‐Deception

In this essay, I defend the following two claims: (1) reflective, critical reasoning is essential to the process of self-deception; and (2), the process of self-deception involves a certain characteristic error of self-knowledge. By appeal to (1) and (2). I hope to show that we can adjudicate the current dispute about the nature of self-deception between those we might term “traditionalists,” and those we might term “deflationists.”
A serum fraction with "sulfation factor activity" stimulates in vitro incorporation of leucine and sulfate into protein-polysaccharide complexes, uridine into RNA, and thymidine into DNA of costal cartilage from hypophysectomized rats.

A serum fraction which contains the so-called sulfation factor activity was found to stimulate in vitro incorporation of either (UC) or (3H) leucine and (35S) sulfate into proteinpolysaccharide complexes (PP), (3H) uridine into RNA, and (3H) thymidine into DNA of costal cartilage from hypophysectomized rats. Tissue was incubated in a medium containing 14 amino acids and glucose. The serum fraction consistently increased incorporation of leucine into protein of PP prior to the increase of sulfate incorporation into polysaccharide of PP. Stimulation of uridine incorporation into RNA did not necessarily precede stimulation of leucine incorporation into protein of PP, and the former could be profoundly inhibited with actinomycin without seriously affecting the latter. In experiments of 4 hr duration or less actinomycin inhibited incorporation of uridine into RNA≫leucine into protein of PP>sulfate into polysaccharide of PP. Stimulation of thymidine incorporation into DNA by the serum fraction occurred later th...
Identification of textural differences of the mitral leaflets in subsets of patients with mitral valve prolapse.

FIGURE 3. Absent strut of the mitral Starr-Edwards prosthesis and disruption of the cloth covering from the strut mechanism. min. A pulsatile liver was noted. The prosthetic valve sounds were ioud and heard when entering the xoom. These sounds were “normal” to the patient. No precordial murmur was heard. Chest auscultation revealed bilateral scattered rales in the lower half of both lung fields. Chest x-ray revealed the mitral valve poppet to be in the left ventricular cavity (Fig. 11, Cardiac fluroscopy revealed the titanium ball to pop out of the cage in diastole and return and seat properly in the SE mitral valve prosthesis in systole (Fig. 2). At opera
Morphological aspects of the safety factor for action potential propagation at axon branch points in the crayfish

1. In the crayfish, regions of axonal bifurcation where action potential propagation failed during repetitive activity were visualized using modulation-contrast optics. To determine if a reduced safety factor for conduction at the branch sites has a morphological basis, the geometrical ratio (GR) of axon diameters, where GR = (d13/2+d23/2)/dp3/2, was calculated; d1, d2, and dp are the diameters of the two daughter branches and the parent axon, respectively. 2. Values of GR at sites of conduction block were usually slightly higher than 1, indicating a small drop in safety factor; however the values were well below the level at which failure might occur due to an impedance mismatch. 3. Calculated values of GR were generally higher in the most peripheral axon regions where propagation was observed to block most readily. 4. Short collaterals containing numerous synaptic vesicles and apparent release sites were observed to have relatively low values of GR (about 0.8); collaterals containing densely populated mitochondria were characterized by relatively high values of GR (about 1.3). 5. It is concluded that the morphological characteristics of the axon in the branching region are conducive to an inherent low safety factor for conduction, but that they cannot play a major role in block development.
Optimization of Functional Group Prediction from Infrared Spectra Using Neural Networks

In a large-scale effort, numerous parameters influencing the neural network interpretation of gas phase infrared spectra have been investigated. Predictions of the presence or absence of 26 different substructural entities were optimized by systematically observing the impact on functional group prediction accuracy for the following parameters: training duration, learning rate, momentum, sigmoidal discrimination and bias, spectral data reduction with four different methods, number of hidden nodes, individual instead of multioutput networks, size of the training set, noise level, and 12 different spectral preprocessing functions. The most promising approaches included constant monitoring of training progress with a 500 spectra cross-validation set, increasing the number of spectral examples in the training set from 511 to 2588, employing variance scaling, and using specialized instead of multioutput networks. An overall recognition accuracy of 93.8% for the presence and 95.7% for the absence of functional...
Type 2 diabetes in children: clinical aspects and risk factors.

In the past, type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered a disease of adults and older individuals, not a paediatric condition. Over the last decade, however, in the USA and the rest of the world there ha