cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sodium lactate and hypertonic sodium chloride induce equivalent panic incidence, panic symptoms, and hypernatremia in panic disorder

Abstract Background: Although experimental induction of panic by infusion of 0.5 mol/L sodium lactate in persons with panic disorder was described three decades ago, the mechanism underlying this observation remains unclear. Here we asked if the rapid administration of the large sodium load contained in the 0.5-mol/L sodium lactate infusion might be involved in panic induction. Methods: We compared in panic disorder and healthy subjects behavioral, electrolyte, endocrine, and acid–base responses to three double-blind randomly ordered equal volume 20-min infusions: 0.5 mol/L sodium lactate, hypertonic saline (3% sodium chloride), and normal saline placebo. Results: Sodium lactate (0.5 mol/L) and hypertonic saline produced the same high incidence of panic and equivalent increases in panic symptoms, serum sodium, and plasma vasopressin in the panic disorder subjects. Neither hypertonic infusion increased cortisol or adrenocorticotropin. No normal subject experienced panic in any condition. The 0.5-mol/L sodium lactate infusion induced alkalosis, whereas hypertonic saline and normal saline induced a mild acidosis. Conclusions: Hypertonic sodium solution containing either chloride or lactate anion induces panic in panic disorder. The large sodium loads delivered by hypertonic saline and 0.5 mol/L sodium lactate may be involved in the mechanism of panic induction.
Effect of elevated temperature on strain-hardening engineered cementitious composites

Abstract Strain-hardening engineered cementitious composite materials (ECC) is proposed to substitute quasi-brittle concrete materials for building extended spent nuclear fuel (SNF) storage systems in nuclear power plants. While most of ECC properties have been established under normal temperature, the study aims at understanding ECC material behavior under elevated temperature that is expected in a SNF storage environment. On the composite level, ECC specimens were characterized at various temperature levels up to 600 °C under both uniaxial tension and compression. The elevated temperature effect on tensile strength and strain capacity, compressive strength and failure mode, moisture loss, and spalling behavior was studied. On the microstructure level, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to probe the degradation of components, and the change of pore structures due to fiber melting within ECC. The results will provide crucial data and insights for future studies of re-engineering ECC with robust properties specifically desired for nuclear engineering applications.
Models for noncommuting operators

Abstract This paper develops a model theory for a pair of noncommuting operators. Using backward shift operators on a Fock space Rota's Theorem is generalized, i.e., it is shown that any two bounded operators on a Hilbert space are simultaneously similar to part of a pair of backward shift operators on a Fock space. These shift operators and the Fock space framework are also used to develop a dilation theory for two noncommuting operators.
Current Trends in Regional Therapy for Melanoma: Lessons Learned from 225 Regional Chemotherapy Treatments between 1995 and 2010 at a Single Institution

Background Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) and isolated limb infusion (ILI) are used to manage advanced extremity melanoma, but no consensus exists as to which treatment is preferable and how to monitor patients post-treatment. Study Design Using a prospectively maintained database, we reviewed our experience with melphalan-based HILP (which included 62 first-time and 10 second-time) and ILI (which included 126 first-time and 18 second-time) procedures performed in 188 patients. PET/CT was obtained 3 months postregional treatment for 1 year and then every 6 months thereafter. Results Overall response rate (complete response [CR] + partial response) of HILP was 81% (80% CI, 73−87%), and overall response rate from ILI was 43% (80% CI, 37−49%) for first-time procedures only. HILP had a CR rate of 55% with a median duration of 32 months, and ILI had a CR rate of 30% with median duration of 24 months. Patients who experienced a regional recurrence after initial regional treatment were more likely to achieve a CR after repeat HILP (50%, n=10) compared with repeat ILI (28%, n=18). Although the spectrum of toxicity was similar for ILI and HILP, the likelihood of rare catastrophic complication of limb loss was greater with HILP (2 of 62) than ILI (0 of 122). PET/CT was effective for surveillance after regional therapy to identify regional nodal and pulmonary disease that was not clinically evident, but often amenable to surgical resection (25 of 49; 51% of cases). In contrast, PET/CT was not effective at predicting complete response to treatment with an accuracy of only 50%. Conclusions In the largest single-institution regional therapy series reported to date, we found that although ILI is effective and well-tolerated, HILP is a more definitive way to control advanced disease.
The Role of Inner Speech in Human Communication.

This essay examines some of the relationships among the human communication skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. It is suggested that an understanding of how thoughts are expressed and generated through inner speech can provide insight into how the various human communication skills operate. The essay concludes by presenting a series of procedural rules, which outline some of the necessary steps for the effective use of human communication.
SEPARATION OF SULFONES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY.

Abstract Sulfones were separated by gas—liquid chromatography; the best separations were obtained using Carbowax 1500 and 20-M on Gas-Chrom-Z, a silanized diatomaceous solid support. The results are compared and discussed for other liquid phases and supports. The sulfones studied were: dimethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec.-butyl, tert.-butyl, butadiene, n-amyl, isoamyl, n-hexyl, phenyl, methyl p-nitrophenyl, tetramethylene, sym.-trimethylene trisulfone, ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, dibenzothiophene, 2,4-dimethylsulfolane, 2,4-dimethyl-3-sulfolene, 3-methylsulfolane, sulfolene, 3-methylsulfolene and methyl sulfonal.
Aqueous in situ derivatization of carboxylic acids by an ionic carbodiimide and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine for electron-capture detection

We report a technique for the rapid, room temperature derivatization of aqueous carboxylic acids to the corresponding 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamide derivative. 3-Ethyl-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride (TFEA) were added to aqueous samples of several acids of interest in environmental analytical chemistry, including benzoic acid, ibuprofen, clofibric acid, monochloroacetic acid, dicholoroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, monochlorophenoxy acetic acid, dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, and cholorobenzoic acid. Amidization was essentially complete within ten minutes, and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the amides with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) demonstrated recoveries of over 85%. The starting materials, both quaternary ammonium salts, were not co-extracted with the derivative, yielding much cleaner samples than historically obtained from carbodiimide based techniques. The fluorinated amides produced had excellent chromatographic characteristics for gas chromatography and were easily detected by electron-capture detection (ECD) or electron impact mass spectrometry. This method is suggested as a sensitive alternative to more traditional acidification, extraction, and ex situ derivatization techniques.
Extracellular matrix protein βig-h3/TGFBI promotes metastasis of colon cancer by enhancing cell extravasation

Metastasis, the major cause of cancer death, is a multistep process that requires interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells and between cancer cells and extracellular matrix. Molecular alterations of the extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment have a considerable impact on the metastatic process during tumorigenesis. Here we report that elevated expression of betaig-h3/TGFBI (transforming growth factor, beta-induced), an extracellular matrix protein secreted by colon cancer cells, is associated with high-grade human colon cancers. Ectopic expression of the betaig-h3 protein enhanced the aggressiveness and altered the metastatic properties of colon cancer cells in vivo. Inhibition of betaig-h3 expression dramatically reduced metastasis. Mechanistically, betaig-h3 appears to promote extravasation, a critical step in the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells, by inducing the dissociation of VE-cadherin junctions between endothelial cells via activation of the integrin alphavbeta5-Src signaling pathway. Thus, cancers associated with overexpression of betaig-h3 may have an increased metastatic potential, leading to poor prognosis in cancer patients.
The role of psychological research in setting a policy agenda for children and families

Seven points are presented, using research to examine research-policy connections, to illustrate the role of psychology in policymaking.
PI3K Signaling and Stat92E Converge to Modulate Glial Responsiveness to Axonal Injury

Glial cells are exquisitely sensitive to neuronal injury but mechanisms by which glia establish competence to respond to injury, continuously gauge neuronal health, and rapidly activate reactive responses remain poorly defined. Here, we show glial PI3K signaling in the uninjured brain regulates baseline levels of Draper, a receptor essential for Drosophila glia to sense and respond to axonal injury. After injury, Draper levels are up-regulated through a Stat92E-modulated, injury-responsive enhancer element within the draper gene. Surprisingly, canonical JAK/STAT signaling does not regulate draper expression. Rather, we find injury-induced draper activation is downstream of the Draper/Src42a/Shark/Rac1 engulfment signaling pathway. Thus, PI3K signaling and Stat92E are critical in vivo regulators of glial responsiveness to axonal injury. We provide evidence for a positive auto-regulatory mechanism whereby signaling through the injury-responsive Draper receptor leads to Stat92E-dependent, transcriptional activation of the draper gene. We propose that Drosophila glia use this auto-regulatory loop as a mechanism to adjust their reactive state following injury.
100-nm quantum dot waveguides by two-layer self-assembly

We demonstrate for the first time fabrication of 100 nm and 500 nm quantum dot waveguides, whose design relies on stimulated emission to propagate energy and accordingly present the process, results and energy transfer model.
Compression of hyperspectral imagery using the 3-D DCT and hybrid DPCM/DCT

Two systems are presented for compression of hyperspectral imagery which utilize trellis coded quantization (TCQ). Specifically, the first system uses TCQ to encode transform coefficients resulting from the application of an 8/spl times/8/spl times/8 discrete cosine transform (DCT). The second systems uses DPCM to spectrally decorrelate the data, while a 2D DCT coding scheme is used for spatial decorrelation. Side information and rate allocation strategies are discussed. Entropy-constrained code-books are designed using a modified version of the generalized Lloyd algorithm. These entropy constrained systems achieve compression ratios of greater than 70:1 with average PSNRs of the coded hyperspectral sequences exceeding 40.0 dB. >
Adult Attachment, Culturally Adjusted Attachment, and Interpersonal Difficulties of Taiwanese Adults:

This study examines the applicability of Western adult attachment perspectives to interpersonal difficulties experienced by individuals with indigenous Chinese cultural backgrounds. A total of 275 Taiwanese university students completed self-report surveys of adult attachment, ideal attachment, and interpersonal problems. Culturally adjusted attachment scores were generated by regressing self-report attachment on ideal attachment to control for cultural difference. Findings from path analyses indicated that culturally adjusted attachment scores had a better fit with the model depicting relationships between attachment and interpersonal problems. Results with adjusted attachment scores indicated that Taiwanese individuals scoring high on attachment dimensions tended to have more interpersonal difficulties, which is consistent with the theory’s prediction. Findings and implications are discussed based on attachment perspectives and the Chinese cultural context in Taiwan.
Characterization of diamond thin films using transmission electron microscopy

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques are useful for studying the microstructure and chemical composition on nanometer sized areas. Microdiffraction, high resolution TEM imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are used to investigate the nucleation and growth of diamond films from fullerene precursors. Fine grained diamond films have been deposited on scratched silicon substrates using a microwave plasma consisitng of argon, 1- 10% hydrogen and a fullerene (C60) carbon precursor. These films are exceptionally smooth as measured with an atomic force microscope, with an average surface roughness of 40-100 nm. The growth rate is comparable to that of conventional, hydrogen/methane (CH4) microwave plasma CVD growth method, which typically results in films with >> 1 micrometers surface roughness. Grain sizes were measured from plain view bright field images from both thin and thick regions of the sample of a film grown from C60 precursors. The smallest and largest grains were 3 nm and 103 nm, respectively; and the median grain size was 13 nm. Cross section TEM images reveal equiaxed diamond grains and continuous nucleation of new diamond grains throughout the growth of the film. Figures show a cross section view, high resolution TEM lattice image of a film grown from C60 precursors. The silicon surface is noticeably rough from the scratching pretreatment. Microdiffraction shows the layer visible between the silicon substrate and the diamond film to be amorphous. The EELS spectrum from this 16 nm thick layer corresponds to amorphous carbon. While EELS spectrum collected from the diamond film corresponds to that of bulk diamond. Argon plasma-assisted CVD diamond films grown from C60 typically nucleate on an amorphous carbon layer on the Si substrate and on diamond residue left from scratching pretreatment. Using fullerene for the precursor, there is continuous nucleation of equiaxed diamond particles throughout the thickness of the film and no columnar grain growth is observed.
False-positive reduction in computer-aided diagnostic scheme for detecting nodules in chest radiographs by means of massive training artificial neural network

Rationale and objective We developed a technique that uses a multiple massive-training artificial neural network (multi-MTANN) to reduce the number of false-positive results in a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for detecting nodules in chest radiographs. Materials and methods Our database consisted of 91 solitary pulmonary nodules, including 64 malignant nodules and 27 benign nodules, in 91 chest radiographs. With our current CAD scheme based on a difference-image technique and linear discriminant analysis, we achieved a sensitivity of 82.4%, with 4.5 false positives per image. We developed the multi-MTANN for further reduction of the false positive rate. An MTANN is a highly nonlinear filter that can be trained with input images and corresponding teaching images. To reduce the effects of background levels in chest radiographs, we applied a background-trend-correction technique, followed by contrast normalization, to the input images for the MTANN. For enhancement of nodules, the teaching image was designed to contain the distribution for a “likelihood of being a nodule.” Six MTANNs in the multi-MTANN were trained by using typical nodules and six different types of non-nodules (false positives). Results Use of the trained multi-MTANN eliminated 68.3% of false-positive findings with a reduction of one true-positive result. The false-positive rate of our original CAD scheme was improved from 4.5 to 1.4 false positives per image, at an overall sensitivity of 81.3%. Conclusion Use of a multi-MTANN substantially reduced the false-positive rate of our CAD scheme for lung nodule detection on chest radiographs, while maintaining a level of sensitivity.
Chromaticity Correction in Large Storage Rings

As the size of storage rings proposed and under construction increases, the chromaticity reaches values which require correction schemes with a new order of sophistication involving sextupoles. The very large chromaticities encountered in storage rings like PEP, PETRA and the ''Very Big Storage Rings'' produce a new set of undesirable characteristics in the beam dynamics which require a more complicated means of correction. The method of attack used at PEP to solve the problem of both satisfactory chromaticity correction and stable non-linear motion is discussed. The analytic expressions developed for calculating the dispersion function through second order in delta and for the tune shifts through third order in delta, agree well with the results of the matrix multiplication method over the range in delta of interest. Analytic expressions for the tune shift with betatron amplitude agree well with the results from the tracking programs and can be used to determine for which amplitudes the tune will be shifted to a resonance.
Simultaneous temporomandibular joint and orthognathic surgery: the case against.

a e t T i e t a o p t K o T a j t a imultaneous temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and orhognathic surgery for the treatment of patients with keletalfacial disorders and coexisting temporomanibular disorders (TMDs) has been reported in the iterature.1-3 This combined approach has been met y much debate and perceived controversy by oral nd maxillofacial surgeons. Although the diagnosis nd treatment of skeletal facial deformities follow idely accepted treatment modalities, the pathophysology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TMDs do ot. Given the long-standing controversy associated ith TMDs, it is our objective to consider evidence hat favors staged treatment for the majority of paients with both TMDs and skeletal facial deformities. TMD is recognized as a nonspecific term representng a wide variety of painful and/or dysfunctional jaw onditions.4 It is present in approximately 33% of the opulation, with 75% of the population reporting ymptoms, many of whom seek treatment.5 Studies ave shown a multifactorial etiology of TMDs, with alocclusion being a potential risk factor. McNamara t al6 reviewed the literature regarding morphologic nd functional occlusal factors relative to TMDs and ound a relatively low association of occlusal factors n characterizing TMD. Moreover, the association of keletal morphology and TMJ disorders remains unlear. In a retrospective analysis performed by Upton t al,7 it was found that 53% of patients undergoing rthognathic surgery had signs and symptoms of TMJ
Efficient Fabrication of Nanoporous Si and Si/Ge Enabled by a Heat Scavenger in Magnesiothermic Reactions

Magnesiothermic reduction can directly convert SiO2 into Si nanostructures. Despite intense efforts, efficient fabrication of highly nanoporous silicon by Mg still remains a significant challenge due to the exothermic reaction nature. By employing table salt (NaCl) as a heat scavenger for the magnesiothermic reduction, we demonstrate an effective route to convert diatom (SiO2) and SiO2/GeO2 into nanoporous Si and Si/Ge composite, respectively. Fusion of NaCl during the reaction consumes a large amount of heat that otherwise collapses the nano-porosity of products and agglomerates silicon domains into large crystals. Our methodology is potentially competitive for a practical production of nanoporous Si-based materials.
Use of Skew-Normal and Skew-t Distributions for Mixture Modeling of Freeway Speed Data

Normal, lognormal, and other forms of distribution have been used to characterize speed data. Recently, several researchers have used the normal mixture model to fit the distribution of speed. To investigate the applicability of mixture models with other types of component density, a study was done that fits 24-h speed data collected on I-35 in Texas by using skew-normal and skew-t mixture models with an algorithm of expectation maximization type. The results show that a finite mixture of skew distributions can significantly improve the goodness of fit of speed data. Compared with normal distribution, skew-normal and skew-t distributions can accommodate skewness and excess kurtosis themselves; thus the skew mixture models require fewer components than normal mixture models to capture the asymmetry and bimodality present in speed data. The results of the study indicate that a two-component skew-t mixture model is the optimal model, and this model can better account for heterogeneity in the data. The study verifies that traffic flow condition is the main cause for heterogeneity in the 24-h speed data. The research methodology can be used to analyze freeway speed data characteristics. The findings can also be used in development and validation of microscopic simulation of freeway traffic.
Unwanted Link Layer Traffic in Large IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks

Wireless networks have evolved into an important technology for connecting users to the Internet. As the utility of wireless technology grows, wireless networks are being deployed in more widely varying conditions. The monitoring of wireless networks continues to reveal key implementation deficiencies that need to be corrected in order to improve protocol operation and end-to-end network performance. In wireless networks, where the medium is shared, unwanted traffic can pose significant overhead and lead to suboptimal network performance. Much of the previous analyses of unwanted traffic in wireless networks focus on malicious traffic. However, another major contributor of unwanted traffic is incorrect link layer behavior. Using data we collected from the 67th Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) meeting held in November 2006, we show that a significant portion of link layer traffic stems from mechanisms that initiate, maintain, and change client-AP associations. We further show that under conditions of high medium utilization and packet loss rate, handoffs are initiated incorrectly. We analyze the traffic to understand when handoffs occur and whether the handoffs were beneficial or should have been avoided.
The Nature of Engagement in Schools

In this chapter, several conceptualizations of student engagement were evaluated, and those that stress the interaction between an organism and its environment were favored over those that stress positive or successful adaptation to school environments specifically. The latter are particularly vulnerable to idealizing procedural engagement (i.e., appearing to be engaged in terms of following the procedures of schooling) rather than substantive engagement (characterized by a persistent depth of cognitive processing and emotional involvement). Similarly, student engagement was distinguished from motivation thought to be primarily the property of an individual. Many theories of motivation help to illuminate obstacles to engagement in schools. A conceptualization of engagement was adapted in which concentration, enjoyment, and interest are simultaneously heightened. Each of these experiential traits is fundamental to growing and learning, as detailed in this chapter. When concentration, interest, and enjoyment are simultaneously elevated, individuals have experiences similar to flow that seem to fuse aspects of both leisure and work experiences. Engagement that is both work-like and play-like is herein considered to describe meaningful engagement.
Fluence Rate Differences in Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy and Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor after Treatment of the Tumor-Involved Murine Thoracic Cavity

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the thoracic cavity can be performed in conjunction with surgery to treat cancers of the lung and its pleura. However, illumination of the cavity results in tissue exposure to a broad range of fluence rates. In a murine model of intrathoracic PDT, we studied the efficacy of 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH; Photochlor®)-mediated PDT in reducing the burden of non-small cell lung cancer for treatments performed at different incident fluence rates (75 versus 150 mW/cm). To better understand a role for growth factor signaling in disease progression after intrathoracic PDT, the expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was evaluated in areas of post-treatment proliferation. The low fluence rate of 75 mW/cm produced the largest reductions in tumor burden. Bioluminescent imaging and histological staining for cell proliferation (anti-Ki-67) identified areas of disease progression at both fluence rates after PDT. However, increased EGFR activation in proliferative areas was detected only after treatment at the higher fluence rate of 150 mW/cm. These data suggest that fluence rate may affect the activation of survival factors, such as EGFR, and weaker activation at lower fluence rate could contribute to a smaller tumor burden after PDT at 75 mW/cm.
The Thomas Spectacle: Power, Impotence, and Melodrama

of unprincipled white women. Of course as we already knew, it's going to be a long struggle. But in the aftermath of the Hill-Thomas episode my new tee-shirt will display the words of the old freedom song: "AIN'T GONNA LET NOBODY TURN ME AROUND!" BARBARA SMITH is the editor of Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. She is a founding member of Revolutionary Sisters of Color and the publisher of Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press. (A shorter version of this article originally appeared in Ms. Magazine, January/February 1992, Vol. II, No. 4.)
The Evaluation of a Three-Tier Model of Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports for Preschoolers in Head Start

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of a three-tier model of positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS), which was developed and tested in Head Start (HS) programs. Ten HS classrooms from five HS programs participated in the current study. Results indicated that PBIS was effective in improving classroom quality as evidenced by a statistically significant change on the classroom organization domain on the Classroom Assessment Scoring System and the overall score on the Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale–Revised. We also found that children’s social skills on the Social Skills Rating System significantly increased from the pre- to post-assessment whereas problem behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist decreased. The data described here are encouraging and add to the expanding database supporting the value of the three-tier model of PBIS.
Monotheism and Its Discontents: Religious Violence and the Bible

Le dernier livre de Regina Schwartz est consacre a l'heritage violent du monotheisme. Son ouvrage peut etre considere comme une contribution a l'etude critique de la religion. Il s'inscrit dans une continuite: celle qui cherche une explication adequate de la face noire de la religion, c'est a dire sa propension a la violence. Ce livre est egalement un expose des utilisations de l'autorite religieuse. Schwartz s'oppose au monotheisme. Sa pensee theologique se fonde d'abord sur un polytheisme idealise ou sur la mise en avant des principes postmodernes de multiplicite et de plenitude
The motion of a sphere in the presence of a deformable interface

Abstract We investigate the effect of small deformations of an initially flat fluid interface on the force and torque experienced by a nearby translating and rotating solid sphere. The small deformation problem is reformulated in terms of equivalent boundary conditions on a flat interface; this allows a separation of the rotation and translation problems, along with their respective components parallel and normal to the undeformed interface. Results for the force and torque corrections due to interface deformation are thus calculated for the four fundamental cases of translation normal and parallel to the undeformed interface, and rotation with the axis of rotation normal and parallel to the undeformed interface. These results can be superposed to obtain the force and torque on a sphere which is undergoing an arbitrary translational and/or rotational motion near the interface.
Construction of optical fiber converge ring around Xi′an

Along with the operation of new 330 kV substations near Xi′an,it′s time to construct an optical fiber converge ring around the city.This ring is an important part of the 11th Five-Year Plan of Shanxi electric power communication.The article introduces the structure of this high-speed converge ring around Xi′an,analyzes the problems during the construction and their solutions,and gives some suggestions for constructing power optical fiber ring network.
Impacts of thermally efficient structures and photovoltaic sources in military microgrids

A reliable supply of electrical energy is critically important to the United States Armed Forces operating in deployed environments. Reducing energy requirements through utilizing renewable energy platforms, such as solar photovoltaics, can be effective at reducing the operational cost and risk. This work quantifies the impacts of high thermal efficiency structures with integrated solar photovoltaic sources (PV) on small to moderate size forward operating bases (FOBs). Representative demand profiles were developed and presented for FOBs with an emphasis on modeling the environmental control unit (ECU) demand. A detailed ECU model, based on real world data, is presented and corresponding FOB demand profiles are presented. An optimal selection of generation resources were determined via simulation and analyzed. The results presented here show that efficient dramatically reduce energy consumption, generation capacity and diesel fuel consumption. PV sources are also shown to be an economically viable generation resource in this application.
Are There Geographical and Regional Differences in Helicobacter pylori Eradication

An important area of controversy in Helicobacter pylori eradication is the apparent difference in eradication rates seen in different countries and populations. A recent meta-analysis showed that several factors may affect the outcome of therapy. Individuals residing in northeast Asia had higher eradication rates than those residing in Europe or other areas of Asia. Triple and quadruple drug therapies had significantly higher eradication rates than did dual drug therapies. Treatment regimens that lasted longer than 14 days were better than those that lasted less than seven days, but there was no significant advantage for 10 day therapy over seven day therapy. A number of factors may play a role in determining the regional and geographical differences in H pylori eradication therapy. Included in these factors are genetic differences in the metabolism of the proton pump inhibitor, which can alter the availability of antimicrobials in the stomach. Regional differences in antimicrobial resistance also affect the outcome of therapy. Some studies suggest that the degree of gastritis and the nature of the underlying disease may affect the outcome of therapy, but the data are controversial. Understanding the regional and geographical differences in H pylori eradication can help physicians select the optimal treatment regimen in different regions.
Una reconstrucción histórica basada en datos documentales, arqueológicos y etnográficos de los años 1400 a 1600

El examen cuidadoso de documentos escritos durante el siglo XVI revela una grave disminucion en la disponibilidad del agua en el Valle de Tehuacan. Implicita en los documentos esta la sugerencia de que dicha condicion no solo se habia desarrollado mucho tiempo antes del contacto espanol, sino que habia sido la causa de cambios demograficos que amenazaban la estabilidad de las estructuras politicas existentes. El presente estudio documental, arqueologico y etnografico resalta la dinamica de las luchas de poder en que se involucraron los espanoles durante el siglo XVI y la discutible eficacia de sus esfuerzos para implantar seguridad y estabilidad en la region.
Theory of Meaning Revisited

In this section I seek to wrap things up by drawing together some thoughts about the differences between a theory of language and a theory of meaning, strictly understood, and also by making note of the important role that a grammar of the verb ‘means’ and its cognates has to play in the latter endeavor. At this point, it might be felt that the restriction of the true—false poles to clausal negation still allows for such stalwarts as no-frills subject—predicate sentences to be construed as unproblematically truth-conditional — a class that on any view constitutes an enormous chunk of language. But even this is not invariably so. As Dummett observes, negation in ordinary English is standardly effected by negating the predicate. He concedes that the logical sentence-operator is not meant to conform precisely to the structure of English sentences in which ‘not’ occurs (cf. 1978: 27-28, and 1981a: 421, 424). In natural discourse truth and falsity are thus tied directly to the predicate — that is, to the main verb and its complement — and not to a sentence or truth-evaluable proposition as a whole. Likewise, as the scope of assertion is determined by the application of truth and falsity, here again we naturally fasten upon the predicate.
Poster - 29: A Review of Patient Specific QA to Enable Program Comparisons Across Centers

Purpose: To aid comparison of the performance of patient specific QA (PSQA) programs across centers Methods: Up to 414 VMAT/IMRT plans from various treatment sites (most commonly prostate, prostate bed, lung and lung SBRT) from a year period of ArcCHECK measurements were analysed using a range of acceptance criteria including variations of the following parameters: Gamma or DTA, Relative (RD) or Absolute Dose (AD), Van Dyk and Threshold (TH). A total of 24 different criteria were selected in the SNC Patient software to evaluate each plan and determine all reportable passing rates (PR). Results: The average passing rate (Rateavg) for all plans using all combinations of criteria ranges from about 93% using “3% Dose, 2mm DTA, AD, 10% TH, no Van dyk” criteria to nearly 100% using “Gamma with 3%Dose, 3mm DTA, RD, 10% TH, no Van dyk”. The 90th percentile of passing rates was also quantified and ranges from about 85% to nearly 100%. When analysed by site, prostate and prostate bed plans show the highest Rateavg, while SBRT lung plans shows the widest spread of rates. As expected, Rateavg decreases as the selection of Gamma changes to DTA, AD changes to RD, and “Van dyk” is turned off. Additionally, Rateavg decreases as TH percent selection decreases. Conclusions: The results enable comparisons of PR considering criteria stringency hence enabling better comparison of PSQA programs across centres. The study allows better understanding on how the parameters affect the reported PR and the level of stringency from all combinations.
Bias in the perception of phonetic detail in children’s speech: A comparison of categorical and continuous rating scales

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that continuous rating scales can be used to assess phonetic detail in children’s productions, and could potentially be used to detect covert contrasts. Two experiments examined whether continuous rating scales have the additional benefit of being less susceptible to task-related biasing than categorical phonetic transcriptions. In both experiments, judgements of children’s productions of /s/ and /θ/ were interleaved with two types of rating tasks designed to induce bias: continuous judgements of a parameter whose variation is itself relatively more continuous (gender typicality of their speech) in one biasing condition, and categorical judgements of a parameter that is relatively less continuous (the vowel they produced) in the other biasing condition. One experiment elicited continuous judgements of /s/ and /θ/ productions, while the other elicited categorical judgements. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the influence of acoustic characteristics on continuous j...
A Practical Approach to the Identification and Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Heart Failure Patients

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a major health problem affecting much of the general population. Although SDB is responsible for rapid progression of heart failure (HF) and the worsening morbidity and mortality, advanced HF state is associated with accelerated development of SDB. In the face of recent developments in SDB treatment and availability of effective therapeutic options known to improve quality of life, exercise tolerance, and heart function, most HF patients with SDB are left unrecognized and untreated. This article provides an overview of SDB in HF with focus on practical approaches intended to facilitate screening and treatment.
JY1 time scale: a new Kalman-filter time scale designed at NIST

We report on a new Kalman-filter hydrogen-maser time scale (i.e. JY1 time scale) designed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The JY1 time scale is composed of a few hydrogen masers and a commercial Cs clock. The Cs clock is used as a reference clock to ease operations with existing data. Unlike other time scales, the JY1 time scale uses three basic time-scale equations, instead of only one equation. Also, this time scale can detect a clock error (i.e. time error, frequency error, or frequency drift error) automatically. These features make the JY1 time scale stiff and less likely to be affected by an abnormal clock. Tests show that the JY1 time scale deviates from the UTC by less than ±5 ns for ~100 d, when the time scale is initially aligned to the UTC and then is completely free running. Once the time scale is steered to a Cs fountain, it can maintain the time with little error even if the Cs fountain stops working for tens of days. This can be helpful when we do not have a continuously operated fountain or when the continuously operated fountain accidentally stops, or when optical clocks run occasionally.
Contour Integration: Sensory, Perceptual, and Attention-Based ERP Components

Contour integration refers to a midlevel visual process in which spatially separate edge information is grouped together to form object boundaries. Previous event-related potential (ERP) experiments have investigated a purported index of contour integration: a negative amplitude deflection over the posterior scalp from ∼150 to 300 ms elicited by contour-present stimuli vs. contour-absent stimuli. Here, based on a series of recent experiments, we find that only the early phase of this ERP difference reflects contour integration per se (contour integration negativity (CIN)), while subsequent phases reflect perceptual, attentional, and task-related processes. The latency of the CIN is strongly modulated by the subject's task, while its amplitude varies according to physical characteristics of the stimuli. The current data support the view that contour integration requires spatial attention but can occur in the absence of conscious perception.
Computing parametrized solutions for plasmonic nanogap structures

Abstract The interaction of electromagnetic waves with metallic nanostructures generates resonant oscillations of the conduction-band electrons at the metal surface. These resonances can lead to large enhancements of the incident field and to the confinement of light to small regions, typically several orders of magnitude smaller than the incident wavelength. The accurate prediction of these resonances entails several challenges. Small geometric variations in the plasmonic structure may lead to large variations in the electromagnetic field responses. Furthermore, the material parameters that characterize the optical behavior of metals at the nanoscale need to be determined experimentally and are consequently subject to measurement errors. It then becomes essential that any predictive tool for the simulation and design of plasmonic structures accounts for fabrication tolerances and measurement uncertainties. In this paper, we develop a reduced order modeling framework that is capable of real-time accurate electromagnetic responses of plasmonic nanogap structures for a wide range of geometry and material parameters. The main ingredients of the proposed method are: (i) the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method to numerically solve the equations governing electromagnetic wave propagation in dielectric and metallic media, (ii) a reference domain formulation of the time-harmonic Maxwell's equations to account for arbitrary geometry variations; and (iii) proper orthogonal decomposition and empirical interpolation techniques to construct an efficient reduced model. To demonstrate effectiveness of the models developed, we analyze geometry sensitivities and explore optimal designs of a 3D periodic coaxial nanogap structure.
Successful Undergraduate African American Men's Navigation and Negotiation of Academic and Social Counter-Spaces as Adaptation to Racism at Historically White Institutions.

Extant research has extensively illuminated African American men's experiences with racism at historically White institutions. Their efforts to persist and graduate meant many of them learned to na...
Energy-Conservation in Large-Scale Data-Intensive Hadoop Compute Clusters

Data-intensive computing is gaining rapid popularity given the rampancy and fast growth of Big Data. It’s myriad use cases range from clickstream processing, mail-spam detection, credit-card fraud detection to meteorology, and genomics. Google’s MapReduce is a programming model designed to greatly simplify Big Data processing. Hadoop, an implementation of MapReduce is increasingly becoming popular because of its open-source nature. The ever-increasing and largescale deployments of Hadoop clusters bring in their wake huge energy costs, thereby making energy-conservation a priority. Scale-down is an attractive technique to conserve energy and it also allows energy proportionality with non-energy-proportional components such as the disks. Hadoop presents unique challenges to the popular scale-down based cluster-energy-management techniques. The same features that lend high performance to Hadoop, such as fine-grained load-balancing of data across servers in the cluster and data-locality of computations, also complicate scale-down. In this chapter, we go over the scale-down approaches that have been proposed specifically for the Hadoop clusters. Then, we present a case study of GreenHDFS, which uses a data-centric scale-down approach to save overall operating energy costs in a Hadoop compute cluster.
Context-driven power management in cache-enabled base stations using a Bayesian neural network

Aggressive network densification in next generation cellular networks is accompanied by an increase of the system energy consumption and calls for more advanced power management techniques in base stations. In this paper, we present a novel proactive and decentralized power management method for small cell base stations in a cache-enabled multitier heterogeneous cellular network. User contexts are utilized to drive the decision of dynamically switching a small cell base station between the active mode and the sleep mode to minimize the total energy consumption. The online control problem is formulated as a contextual multi-armed bandit problem. A variational inference based Bayesian neural network is proposed as the solution method, which implicitly finds a proper balance between exploration and exploitation. Experimental results show that the proposed solution can achieve up to 46.9% total energy reduction compared to baseline algorithms in the high density deployment scenario and has comparable performance to an offline optimal solution.
III-Nitride multiple disk-in-wire laser structures: Effects of crystal orientation and spacer size

Abstract Atomistic numerical simulations have been carried out to study the performance of recently reported optical structures based on nonpolar multiple disk-in-wire In0.08Ga0.92 N/GaN material system. The simulations are performed with an augmented version of the open-source NEMO 3-D software that uses a fully-atomistic valence force-field (VFF) for strain distributions and empirical sp3s*-spin tight-binding model to compute the electronic structure. Both linear and nonlinear components of internal polarization field have been included using a recently proposed first-principles based polarization model. When compared to conventional c-plane based polar structures, the nonpolar device exhibits a much weaker (yet non-zero) internal potential and improved laser emission characteristics. In particular, it is found that the optical transition probability is a strong function of the internal fields and could be tuned via engineering the spacer size.
MemC3: compact and concurrent MemCache with dumber caching and smarter hashing

This paper presents a set of architecturally and workload-inspired algorithmic and engineering improvements to the popular Memcached system that substantially improve both its memory efficiency and throughput. These techniques--optimistic cuckoo hashing, a compact LRU-approximating eviction algorithm based upon CLOCK, and comprehensive implementation of optimistic locking--enable the resulting system to use 30% less memory for small key-value pairs, and serve up to 3x as many queries per second over the network. We have implemented these modifications in a system we call MemC3--Memcached with CLOCK and Concurrent Cuckoo hashing--but believe that they also apply more generally to many of today's read-intensive, highly concurrent networked storage and caching systems.
Silicon IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)

The silicon IGBT is arguably the most successful innovation in power semiconductor devices during the past three-decades. By using a combination of bipolar current flow controlled using an MOS-gate structure, the power gain was increased a million fold when compared with existing power bipolar junction transistors and power MOSFET structures with high blocking voltages [1]. The widespread applications for the device in consumer, industrial, transportation, lighting, and even medical applications is a testimonial to its highly desirable characteristics. The IGBT offers a unique combination of ease of control due to its MOS-gate structure, low chip cost due to its relatively high on-state current density, and exception ruggedness. Silicon IGBT modules are now available with blocking voltage capability up to 6.5 kV and current handling capability of 1,000 A. Any new high voltage power device technology must offer significant improvements in performance relative to the silicon IGBT to be considered attractive for applications.