cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN INSERTIONAL TRANSLOCATION IN NEUROSPORA THAT GENERATES DUPLICATIONS HETEROZYGOUS FOR MATING TYPE

In strain T(I+II)39311 a long interstitial segment is transposed from IL to IIR, where it is inserted in reversed order with respect to the centromere. In crosses of T x T essentially all asci have eight viable, black spores, and all progeny are phenotypically normal. When T(I+II) 39311 is crossed by Normal sequence (N), the expected duplication class is viable while the corresponding deficiency is lethal; 44% of the asci have 8 Black (viable) spores and 0 White (inviable) spores, 41% have 4 Black : 4 White, and 10% have 6 Black : 2 White. These are the ascus types expected from normal centromere disjunction without crossing over (8B: OW and 4B:4W equally probable), and with crossing over between centromere and break point (6B:2W). On germination, 8B:OW asci give rise to only parental types-4T and 4N; 4B:4W asci usually give four duplication (Dup) progeny; and 6B:2W asci usually give 2 T, 2 N, 2 Dup. Thus one third of all viable, black ascospores contain duplications.-Recessive markers in the donor chromosome which contributes the translocated segment can be mapped by duplication coverage. Ratios of 2 Dominant : 1 Recessive us. 1 Dominant : 2 Recessive distinguish location in or outside the transposed segment. Eleven loci including mating type have been shown to lie within the segment, and markers at four loci have been transferred into the segment by meiotic recombination. The frequency of marker transfer indicates that the inserted segment usually pairs with its homologue. Ascus types that would result from single exchanges within the insertion are infrequent, as expected if asci containing dicentric bridges usually do not survive.-Duplication ascospores germinate to produce distinctive inhibited colonies. Later these “escape” to grow like wild type, and genes that were initially heterozygous in the duplication segregate when escape occurs. As with duplications from pericentric inversion In(IL+ IR)H4250 (NEWMEYER and TAYLOR 1967), the initial inhibition is attributed to mating-type heterozygosity, and escape to a somatic event that makes mating type homoor hemizygous.-Twenty additional duplication-generating Neurospora rearrangements are listed and described briefly in an Appendix.
The Future of Controlled Environments

We have seen how controlled environments can provide us with an appropriate place for the production of or research into sensitive materials, processes, or artifacts. As we discussed in Chapter 1, however, the very nature of high-technology industry creates a drive toward increasing complexity, and this more often than not increases the sensitivity factor. To use the semiconductor industry as an example, at the time of writing this book, more than 50 percent of the wafer starts in the United States involved technologies with linewidths below 2 microns. This suggests particle control at 0.2 microns and below in leading edge high-volume facilities. In addition, we are also witnessing the emergence on the market of super-high density components such as 4 megabit dynamic RAMs (memories) with claims that 64 megabit components are near to fruition.
Does negation really matter

We explore the role negation and speculation identification plays in the multi-label document-level classification of medical reports for diseases. We identify the polarity of assertions made on noun phrases which reference diseases in the medical reports. We experiment with two machine learning classifiers: one based upon Lucene and the other based upon BoosTexter. We find the performance of these systems on document-level classification of medical reports for diseases fails to show improvement when their input is enhanced by the polarity of assertions made on noun phrases. We conclude that due to the nature of our machine learning classifiers, information on the polarity of phrase-level assertions does not improve performance on our data in a multilabel document-level classification task.
Sustainability at the forefront: educating students through complex challenges in visual communication and design

Although a range of academic disciplines in higher education are now introducing sustainability into their curricula, the need to present this concept to graphic design and visual communication students is especially important. These fields influence trends in society and culture and have great potential to impact decision-making for individuals, corporate practices, policies, and politics. Recent workforce surveys (Adecco Group, 2013; Workforce Solutions Group, 2013) reveal that employers across many fields value 'soft skills' more than technical skills. Acquiring these competencies can stem from experience in sustainable development and include: applying human-centred research methodology; systems-based thinking; awareness of human behaviours and impacts; tackling complex problems and employing creative approaches to solutions. Although these skills make students more competitive in the workforce, recent graduates often lack these capabilities. Therefore, this paper considers a collection of case studies from university-level graphic design and visual communication courses that used project-based learning to further sustainable practises. Examining multiple projects helped researchers highlight broader themes, learning advantages, best practices and methods for students to evaluate outcomes. The anticipated benefits are that students who use visual communication in the classroom, while tackling the complexity of promoting sustainable public practices, will likely develop unique problem-solving abilities as they simultaneously brainstorm and design potential solutions.
Calibration of Dynamic Building Energy Models with Multiple Responses Using Bayesian Inference and Linear Regression Models

Abstract This paper proposes a lightweight Bayesian calibration of dynamic models that accounts for model parameter uncertainties. A regression model was built to represent the dynamic model using parameter screening and multiple linear regression. Given this regression model and prior probability distributions of its input parameters, a Bayesian calibration method is developed to provide their posterior distributions. A case study is presented and the result shows considerable alignment between model prediction and measurement after calibration. This indicates its capability to perform fast risk-conscious calibration for most current retrofit practice where only monthly consumption and demand data are available.
Analysis of infectious disease public health emergency events at schools in Nanping during 2006-2010

Objective To study epidemiological rule of emergency public health events in Nanping,and provide evidences for prevention and control strategy.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data and resources at schools in Nanping during 2006-2010.Results During 2006-2010,there were totally 12 cases reported emergency public health events at schools in Nanping,the events mainly occurred in countryside school.Public health emergency events at schools were not reported timely;Infectious disease lasts long time in school.Conclusions Public health emergency events at schools should be reported timely and taken actively effective measures to control it.
Deconstructing the Value Creation Process: Positioning Diversity to Increase Output

The discourse in this presentation is about how talent, explicit knowing, and appropriate techniques, can be de-constructed to progress the necessary efficacy in the structure of the value creation process. Value is created anytime an action is taken for which the benefits exceed the costs, or anytime an action can be prevented for which the costs exceed the benefits. A co-constructed competency model can be applied to understand the structures that enhance performance and the design of attractive conditions of service to retention talent and nurture the skillfulness and knowing necessary in boosting yields in diversified entities.
Neolithic Trepanation Decoded- A Unifying Hypothesis: Has the Mystery as to Why Primitive Surgeons Performed Cranial Surgery Been Solved?

The perplexing mystery of why so many trephined skulls from the Neolithic period have been uncovered all over the world representing attempts at primitive cranial surgery is discussed. More than 1500 trephined skulls have been uncovered throughout the world, from Europe and Scandinavia to North America, from Russia and China to South America (particularly in Peru). Most reported series show that from 5-10% of all skulls found from the Neolithic period have been trephined with single or multiple skull openings of various sizes. The unifying hypothesis proposed by the late medical historian Dr. Plinio Prioreschi (1930-2014) regarding the reason for these trepanations (trephinations) is analyzed. It is concluded that Dr. Prioreschi's cohesive explanation to explain the phenomenon is valid and that his intriguing hypothesis is almost certainly correct. In the opinion of this author, the mystery within an enigma has been solved.
Release of EDRF from canine renal artery by leukotriene D4

The goal of the present investigation was to determine whether leukotriene D4 (LTD4) was capable of releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from perfused renal arterial (RA) segments and to begin to characterize any released mediator. To detect EDRF, a bioassay was used in which a prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha precontracted, endothelium-denuded coronary artery (CA) ring was superfused either directly or with effluent from a perfused RA segment. Addition of LTD4 or acetylcholine (ACh) to the perfusate proximal to the RA segment resulted in CA ring relaxation, the degree of which was inversely related to transit time. Calculated half-life (t1/2) for the CA relaxing substance released by LTD4 and ACh from the RA segment was 7.5 +/- 1.4 and 7.4 +/- 0.9 s, respectively. Pretreatment of the RA segment with collagenase prevented relaxation of the CA ring evoked by RA effluent in response to either ACh or LTD4 that was administered into the perfusate proximal to the RA segment. Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the effluent distal to the RA segment markedly enhanced both ACh and LTD4-evoked relaxation of the CA ring, whereas reduced hemoglobin (Hb) virtually abolished these responses. When either LTD4 or ACh was superfused directly over the CA, no change in tone of the bioassay ring was observed. These data indicate that, similar to ACh, LTD4 has the ability to release a labile substance(s), presumably EDRF, from the endothelium-intact RA segment that evokes relaxation of the endothelium-denuded CA ring. Although apparently similar, further studies are required to confirm whether or not the mediator(s) released by LTD4 is identical to that which is released by ACh.
Narrative Medicine: Community Poetry Heals Young and Old

This is a snapshot of a service learning course founded on narrative medicine, a clinical practice designed to replace impersonal care with empathic listening. By utilizing poetry therapy techniques among nursing home populations, a program called HPU LifeLines promotes a community literacy of illness and provides psychological and physical benefits to elders and students alike through intergenerational relationships sustained by a community writing infrastructure.
A virtual plant modeller (VPMOD) for batch-chemical processes

This paper presents a virtual plant modeller (VPMOD), which formally characterizes and integrates chemical product designs, batch-chemical equipment (plants), the real-time scheduling of chemical batches, and the control of chemical transport through the plant. These models provide a framework for agile batch-chemical manufacturing that has the ability to reroute and control chemical product flow automatically in a flexible plant subject to unexpected events, such as changes in demand patterns and equipment failure. A formal logic model is generated to control the actual system events, which are non-deterministic. A simulation environment in VPMOD is used to validate schedules and control logic based on plant models supplied by industry. The formal models have been implemented in an object-oriented language.
Medical Liability — Prospects for Federal Reform

Medical malpractice reform appears to be back on the federal policy agenda, and some GOP-proposed reforms, such as safe harbors and administrative compensation, are sensible. But design and implementation details matter: patients’ needs should be front and center.
Families and poverty: everyday life on a low income

Families and Poverty is an examination of families living on incomes inadequate to provide a normal life. It is limited to a small, select population in Northern Ireland. The study seeks to illumin...
Liver Disease in Recipients of Long-Functioning Renal Allografts

Liver disease in recipients of long-functioning renal allografts. After noting that hepatic failure was the leading cause of death in our transplant recipients whose renal allografts had functioned for more than five years, we reviewed retrospectively the post-transplant course of these patients to assess the long-term effect of liver disease in this population. Sufficient data was available to evaluate 184 of 217 longterm survivors (85%). Twenty-six patients (14%) experienced a doubling of SGOT and/or SGPT of greater than six months' duration and were defined as having chronic liver disease. The etiology of chronic liver disease was identified in 14 patients (54%), of whom 11 were HB5Ag positive. Evidence of chronic hepatitis developed in only six of 26 patients (22%) during the first four years post transplant. Once enzyme abnormalities occurred, they were unremitting until death or end of the study in 73% of patients, Actuarial survival of patients with chronic liver disease was markedly decreased compared to longsurviving transplanted controls. Ten of the 12 deaths in patients with hepatocellular abnormalities were due to hepatic failure, of which eight occurred in the setting of extrahepatic sepsis. Chronic liver disease is a late complication of transplantation and is associated with significant mortality due to an increased susceptibility to overwhelming sepsis.
Chapter 13 Chromatographic Fractionation of Histones

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the techniques for chromatographic fractionation of histones. There are two chromatographic methods applicable to histones: gel filtration and ion exchange. Neither technique, even with more recent improvements, is capable of completely separating all histone classes in a single column run. Both techniques can be used for the preparative isolation of pure histone fractions or for analytical measurements on separated histones. Cross-contamination of some histone fractions with nonhistone proteins can occur in either method, however the contamination can be detected and can be reduced by proper isolation of nuclei and histones. Large-scale fractional precipitation techniques can be combined with chromatographic purification where large quantities of homogeneous histones are required. The application of the chromatographic method for the fractionation of histones other than the usual H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 has also been reported. Although other chromatographic techniques have been described for the fractionation of histones, none allows complete resolution of all histone fractions in a single column run.
Flow Cytometry: An Alternative Quantitative Method to Determine Antigen Zygosity and Its Application to Paternity Testing

Single indirect exclusions are a common problem in paternity testing. Approaches to resolve single indirect exclusions include: repeat testing with different reagents, testing for variant alleles, use of additional genetic markers and determining the zygosity by titration scores. This study investigated the use of flow cytometry as an alternative technique for determining antigen zygosity as well as antigen strength.
Foscarnet-induced genital lesions: An overview with a case report

Foscarnet is an important antiviral medication used mainly in the treatment of complicated Herpes-simplex virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Reported first in the 1990's, genital ulcers are a potential side effect in about 10% of cases. We report the case of a 29 year old man with acute myelogenous leukemia who was on ganciclovir for CMV prophylaxis. Three weeks after being switched to foscarnet because of neutropenia, he developed two, painful symmetric ulcers on the inferior aspect of glans penis. Viral and bacterial cultures were negative. Two weeks after stopping the infusion of foscarnet, the ulcers subsided without any additional treatment. It is important that physicians be aware of this potentially disfiguring side effect of foscarnet so that methods of prevention can be implemented early in the treatment of these patients.
Transglutaminase-Mediated Cross-Linking of Proteins and Cell Ageing: The Erythrocyte and Lens Models

The illustration in Fig. 1, reproduced from a publication of Heinrich Waelsch in 19621, might be the best starting point for discussing the biological functions of transglutaminases. Waelsch, the discoverer of this interesting family of protein-remodelling enzymes, was clearly aware of the possibility — which is the main topic of my presentation — that they may be involved in the cross-linking of proteins by Ne-(γ-glutamyl) lysine bridges, marked as reaction (3) in Fig. 1. For lack of an adequate test system, however, he was unable to prove this hypothesis. Rather, he focused on reaction (1), i.e. the incorporation of naturally occurring and synthetic amines into proteins, and devoted particular attention to the coupling of histamine to proteins in endotoxin-related biological phenomena. He theorized that the transglutaminase-mediated incorporation of amines “could produce modified body proteins which might interfere with enzymatic activities.....or might possess antigenic properties”2. The latter suggestion gains some support from the high incidence of autoimmune diseases following treatment with isoniazid and hydralazine, two drugs which — similarly to histamine — can serve as amine substrates for transglutaminases3,4. An enzymatic, “hit and run” type of accidental modification of proteins by drugs such as these could conceivably provoke a breakdown of immune tolerance against the parent protein itself.
Functional Implications of Gene Dosage Effects in Trisomy 21

Despite the clinical importance of trisomy 21 and other chromosomal abnormalities, very little is known about the mechanisms by which chromosome imbalance results in specific and often highly deleterious phenotypic effects. Gene dosage effects, with direct proportionality be-tween the concentrations of gene products and the number of genes present, have been demonstrated for several loci in both man and mouse. Among these is superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), which is carried by chromosome 21. However, the existence of these primary gene dosage effects does not in itself explain the deleterious outcome of the aneuploid state, and it is therefore necessary to consider the secondary functional consequences of quantitative alterations in the synthesis of gene products. Two general and not necessarily exclusive mechanisms for such secondary effects can be visualized. The first is that aneuploidy interferes indirectly with the delicate regulatory balance among the several chromosomes of a cell and thereby results in a widespread disturbance in the expression of genes on many chromosomes. We have tested this possibility by examining the synthesis of a large number of polypeptides by cultured normal and trisomy 21 fibroblasts and have not been able to detect any generalized disturbance in gene expression.
Use of oral health related quality of life measures in managed dental care organisations.

Objective To review the current status of oral health related quality of life measures as used in dental managed care plans and discuss the potential for their application in such delivery settings. Methods Three questions guided this analysis. First, what additional work is needed in the development or application of quality of life measures in dental managed care settings? Secondly, how can existing quality of life measures be used most effectively now in dental managed care settings? Finally, can existing data be used for secondary analyses of 'generic questions' concerning the relationship between oral health care and quality of life outcomes in dental managed care settings? Oral health related quality of life measures presented at the conference were considered. Conclusions Currently available oral health related quality of life measures have limited applicability in dental managed care settings. Additional work is needed--involving dental plan administrators, purchasers, patients, and practitioners--to develop a set of questions. Such a set of questions should be able to provide inter alia information on the relationship between oral health related quality of life measures and plan structure and administration, level of dental benefits, and effectiveness and appropriateness of dental treatment. Without additional work, existing measures cannot be used effectively in managed dental care settings. Data currently available from dental managed care plans are sparse, limiting the potential for further analysis.
Identification of and Treatment for Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Primary Care Settings

We have identified the ways in which family physicians can implement the USPSTF screening recommendation for unhealthy alcohol use and then intervene when a patient has a positive screen.
Optimizing the Design of a Rijke Tube Experiment for Combustion Stability Model Identifiability

This paper presents the design of a thermoacoustically unstable combustor experiment for identifiability. We examine the impact of sensor placement, flame location, and acoustic excitation frequency on the Fisher identifiability of a one-dimensional combustion stability model's parameters. The model uses linear delay differential equations to describe both the acoustics and heat release dynamics in a laboratory combustor called a Rijke tube. We derive analytic expressions for the frequency-domain Fisher identifiability of the model's parameters. This leads to two key insights. First, excitation frequency, flame location, and sensor placement all have a significant impact on parameter identifiability. Second, the optimal excitation frequencies for identifiability are not strong functions of sensor placement but change with flame location. Building on these insights, the paper concludes by using a genetic algorithm to optimize the design of a Rijke tube experiment for thermoacoustic model identifiability.
Early Recognition of Pediatric Sepsis Simulation Checklist - An Exploratory Study.

Abstract Purpose To report on the modification and exploration of a 21-item Early Detection of Pediatric Sepsis Assessment Checklist aimed at improving nursing students' recognition of key factors that contribute to early detection of sepsis in pediatric patients through clinical simulation. Design and methods One hundred and thirty-one undergraduate, pre-licensure nursing students were evaluated using the adapted 21-item Early Detection of Pediatric Sepsis Assessment Checklist in simulation using high-fidelity manikins. Categorical Principle Component Analysis was used to evaluate for factor structure, with items accounting for Results Two factors emerged from the analysis: assessment and deterioration, accounting for 68% of the variance. Factor one, assessment, contained nine items (α = 0.77; λ = 3.36). Factor two, deterioration, contained seven items (α = 0.72; λ = 2.85). Five items did not load and were dropped from the factor structure, resulting in a 16-item checklist. Conclusions Two factors emerged from the analysis which is key to improving the early detection of pediatric sepsis. Assessment, factor one, accounted for the nursing students' central skills of recognizing baseline vital signs and timely medication administration. Deterioration, factor two, contained items reflecting the recognition of changes from baseline that require action. Conceptually, these factors reflect the most central points in the early detection of signs in pediatric patients at risk for sepsis. Practice implications This checklist forms a valuable tool to assess the knowledge of pre-licensure students and may possibly be extended as a tool to assess the clinical readiness and performance of new graduates through the safety and supervision allotted by simulation.
Au@MoS2@WS2 Core-Shell Architectures: Combining Vapor Phase and Solution-Based Approaches

Solution preparation provides a versatile platform to extend the applications of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) beyond those achievable with traditional vapor-based preparation methods. Ho...
Energy-saving building system integration with a smart and low-cost sensing/control network for sustainable and healthy living environments: Demonstration case study

Abstract The present study examined in a field condition a smart integration to the control of ventilation/AC/lighting, integrated with the use of a smart sensing network, embedded PIR/CO2 sensors, and environmental system modeling towards considerable savings of building-operational cost/energy while providing satisfactory thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ). For approach demonstration, a typical office building with multiple zones was utilized as testbed. The study 1) investigated the integrational effect of embedded PIR/CO2 sensors with a smart sensing network on occupancy detection/estimation; 2) field-monitored the energy benefits of an integrated smart sensing/control network in building-operations; and 3) examined the feasibility of further energy reduction via environmental system modeling. Two types of demonstration tests were performed under similar occupancy patterns and weather conditions; a) Baseline Test (3-day) with a normal building-operation following ASHRAE 62.1-2016 requirements, and b) Case Study (3-day) with a smart network-based demand control. Results showed substantial enhancements in occupancy accuracy and energy savings (up to 45% of fan electricity and 36.5% of room cooling/heating energy). The new approach provided satisfactory or similar levels of thermal comfort and IAQ. It was analyzed that the use of the environmental system modeling could further reduce the building-operational energy via more detailed control of ventilation.
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and processing speed: predicting adaptive change in ADHD levels and related impairments in preschoolers

Background Preschool ADHD symptoms have predictive utility for later presence of ADHD diagnoses (Harvey, Youngwirth, Thakar, & Errazuriz, 2009, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 349; Lahey et al., 2004, American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(11), 2014), yet some level of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are present even in typically developing preschoolers. Physical activity (PA) is known to have a broad spectrum of positive effects on the brain in school-age typically developing children (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, The association between school based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services), including functions impaired by ADHD (Halperin, Berwid, & O'Neill, 2014, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23, 899), yet links between PA and ADHD levels and impairments have rarely been studied in either typically developing or at-risk preschool children. Importantly, impaired processing speed (PS), though not a symptom of ADHD, is a robust neuropsychological correlate (Willcutt & Bidwell, 2011, Treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Assessment and intervention in developmental context. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute) that may indicate additional risk for ADHD. Hence, we examined whether baseline PS moderates the association between preschoolers' PA, specifically moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and changes in ADHD levels and related behaviors. Method Eighty-five preschoolers (49.4% female; Mage = 4.14, SDage = .64) were drawn from a larger study of the effects of the Kiddie Children and Teachers (CATs) on the Move PA program on school readiness. The sample was largely Head Start eligible (68.2%) and ethnically diverse. Hierarchical regressions were utilized to examine links between MVPA, averaged over a school year, and changes in inattention (IA), hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional behaviors, moodiness, and peer functioning, and whether these associations varied based on baseline PS. Results Results indicated that for IA, HI, and peer functioning, higher amounts of MVPA were associated with greater adaptive change for those with lower (but not higher) levels of PS. Conclusions Preschool MVPA may be a viable method of reducing ADHD levels and impairments for those with lower PS.
Whiteness and antiracist pedagogy: a critical discourse analysis of two trans* educators’ classroom experiences

This study employs critical discourse analysis to understand how two white and trans* postsecondary teachers make sense of ourselves as racialised actors who attempt to utilise critical pedagogy in...
Drawing Symbolism and Leadership

This chapter offers a number of comic creation exercises, specifically in regard to symbolism and leadership. Students utilize the features of the comic’s medium, such as panel size and sequencing, as well as symbolism, to convey ideas related to citizenship and leadership.
A History of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs in the United States: Political Appeal and Public Health Efficacy.

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have become a widely embraced policy to address the US opioid crisis. Despite mixed scientific evidence on their effectiveness at improving health and ...
Toward a More Dynamic Understanding of the Influence of Resilience on Health.

At the time of this writing there are two growing global pandemics in 2020—one whose transmission is primarily viral (e.g., COVID-19) and the other whose transmission is driven by 400+ years of sys...
High Versus Low Volume Fluid Resuscitation Strategies in a Porcine Model (Sus scrofa) of Combined Thermal and Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background Combined burn and traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment priorities may not align due to opposing fluid resuscitation paradigms used in treating burns and TBI. We developed a porcine model of combined thermal injury/TBI and compared an "aggressive" fluid resuscitation strategy using the Parkland formula and a "restrictive" resuscitation strategy using the modified Brooke formula. Methods Twenty eight swine were deeply anesthetized and received a 40% total body surface area full thickness burn injury and TBI. Swine were then randomized to receive restrictive or aggressive resuscitation for eight hours after which time animals were euthanized and necropsy was performed. Volume of brain injury was assessed after analyzing segmental slices of brain tissue. Results There were no differences between the restrictive and aggressive resuscitation groups in blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, intra-cranial pressure (ICP), or serum lactate levels after 8 hours of resuscitation. Urine output was higher in the aggressive resuscitation group. The restrictive group had a significantly higher serum BUN compared to baseline and compared to the aggressive group. There was no significant difference in size of brain injury between groups. Conclusions Both restrictive and aggressive resuscitation demonstrated adequate resuscitation at eight hours post-injury. Increased serum BUN in the restrictive group may be an indicator of early acute kidney injury, despite adequate urine output. Resuscitation strategy did not appear to affect ICP or the size of brain injury.
Heard it through the Gitvine: an empirical study of tool diffusion across the npm ecosystem

Automation tools like continuous integration services, code coverage reporters, style checkers, dependency managers, etc. are all known to provide significant improvements in developer productivity and software quality. Some of these tools are widespread, others are not. How do these automation "best practices" spread? And how might we facilitate the diffusion process for those that have seen slower adoption? In this paper, we rely on a recent innovation in transparency on code hosting platforms like GitHub---the use of repository badges---to track how automation tools spread in open-source ecosystems through different social and technical mechanisms over time. Using a large longitudinal data set, multivariate network science techniques, and survival analysis, we study which socio-technical factors can best explain the observed diffusion process of a number of popular automation tools. Our results show that factors such as social exposure, competition, and observability affect the adoption of tools significantly, and they provide a roadmap for software engineers and researchers seeking to propagate best practices and tools.
Embracing the Intricacies of the Path Toward Mindfulness: Broadening Our Conceptualization of the Process of Cultivating Mindfulness in Day-to-Day Life by Developing the Unified Flexibility and Mindfulness Model

The study tested the Unified Flexibility and Mindfulness (UFM) model which organizes the dimensions of mindfulness and psychological flexibility into a multistage, process-oriented framework linking mindfulness to global functioning. A sample of 2742 online respondents (68% female, 81% Caucasian, Mage = 42 years old) completed the FFMQ, the MAAS, the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI), the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) within an online survey. Path analyses run in random sample halves, across genders, across age groups, and across levels of current meditation converged to support the UFM model, suggesting that mindful lenses (e.g., describing feelings, observing sensations, attentive awareness) predicted mindfully flexible immediate responses to uncomfortable thoughts and feelings (e.g., acceptance, non-reactivity, non-judgment), which predicted life-enriching mindful behaviors (e.g., maintaining contact with values, taking steps toward deeper goals), which predicted greater life satisfaction. The components of the UFM model also identified differences in mindfulness between meditators and non-meditators—specific to those regularly practicing Buddhist-informed meditation. To facilitate future studies, IRT analyses selected items for two new mindfulness subscales that, when added to the MPFI, created the 70-item and 28-item UFM scales which demonstrated measurement invariance across gender, age, and meditation groups. The findings provide a conceptual framework offering researchers with an integrative, process-focused method of linking mindfulness to well-being. Underscoring the potential clinical implications, a hypothetical example is given of using the UFM scale to track clinically meaningful change for a client in therapy.
Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy Post Cardiac Catheterization, A Rare Mimicry of Acute Stroke - Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) or contrast-induced neurotoxicity is a rare, elusive, and puzzling diagnostic entity, even for most astute clinicians. Only a handful of publications have been written describing this rare phenomenon. A recent systematic review has only identified a total of 52 cases between 1970 - 2017 [1]. The most common neurological complication associated with cardiac catheterization is an atheroembolic stroke. CIE is not a well-known complication. Clinicians involved in administering high volumes of contrast solutions, as seen in coronary catheterizations, should be aware of this complication as it may be misdiagnosed as an acute stroke, leading to unnecessary additional contrast administration for imaging, as well as invasive and non-invasive interventions. In this report we present a case of an 87-year-old woman known coronary artery disease (CAD) who presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and underwent a successful cardiac catheterization with stent placement followed by left-sided weakness a few hours later due to CIE. We also provide review of the literature and discuss management strategy of this rather rarely encountered diagnosis.
Car Seat Tolerance Screening for Late-Preterm Infants.

BACKGROUND: The belief that late-preterm infants have similar cardiorespiratory maturity to term infants has led many institutions to limit car seat tolerance screens (CSTSs) to those born early preterm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of CSTS failure, focusing on late-preterm infants. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of late-preterm infants born from 2013 to 2017 to identify the incidence and predictors of CSTS failure, focusing on location of admission. We performed multivariable linear regression to assess the effect of CSTS results on length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: We identified 918 subjects who underwent CSTSs, of whom 4.6% failed. Those infants who were admitted to both the NICU and nursery before discharge had the highest failure rate (8.5%). Of those who failed, 24% failed ≥2 CSTSs. Of these, 20% (all from the nursery) were found to have obstructive apnea and desaturations, and a total of 40% required supplemental oxygen for safe discharge from the hospital. Although crude LOS was longer for those who failed an initial CSTS, when accounting for location of admission, level of prematurity, and respiratory support requirements, the CSTS result was not a significant predictor of longer LOS. CONCLUSIONS: A concerning number of late-preterm infants demonstrated unstable respiratory status when placed in their car seat. Those who failed repeat CSTSs frequently had underlying respiratory morbidities that required escalation of care. Although further study is warranted, LOS was not associated with CSTS results but rather with the cardiorespiratory immaturity noted or discovered by performing a CSTS.
Psychedelic therapy: a roadmap for wider acceptance and utilization.

Psychedelics have shown great promise in treating mental-health conditions, but their use is severely limited by legal obstacles, which could be overcome.
DNA and Literature

There is no substance so important as DNA. Because it carries within its structure the hereditary information that determines the structures of proteins, it is the prime molecule of life. The instructions that direct cells to grow and divide are encoded by it; so are the messages that bring about the differentiation of fertilized eggs into the multitude of specialized cells that are necessary for the successful functioning of higher plants and animals. ...DNA has provided the basis for the evolutionary process that has generated the many millions of different life-forms that have occupied the earth since the first living organisms came into existence some 3 to 4 billion years ago.
Comparison of Marginal Space Learning and Full Space Learning in 2D

In this chapter, we adapt the Marginal Space Learning to the Left Ventricle (LV) detection in 2D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) . Furthermore, we compare the performance of the MSL and Full Space Learning. A thorough comparison experiment on the LV detection in MRI images shows that the MSL significantly outperforms the FSL, in both speed and accuracy.
TU‐CD‐BRA‐05: Atlas Selection for Multi‐Atlas‐Based Image Segmentation Using Surrogate Modeling

Purpose: The growing size and heterogeneity in training atlas necessitates sophisticated schemes to identify only the most relevant atlases for the specific multi-atlas-based image segmentation problem. This study aims to develop a model to infer the inaccessible oracle geometric relevance metric from surrogate image similarity metrics, and based on such model, provide guidance to atlas selection in multi-atlas-based image segmentation. Methods: We relate the oracle geometric relevance metric in label space to the surrogate metric in image space, by a monotonically non-decreasing function with additive random perturbations. Subsequently, a surrogate’s ability to prognosticate the oracle order for atlas subset selection is quantified probabilistically. Finally, important insights and guidance are provided for the design of fusion set size, balancing the competing demands to include the most relevant atlases and to exclude the most irrelevant ones. A systematic solution is derived based on an optimization framework. Model verification and performance assessment is performed based on clinical prostate MR images. Results: The proposed surrogate model was exemplified by a linear map with normally distributed perturbation, and verified with several commonly-used surrogates, including MSD, NCC and (N)MI. The derived behaviors of different surrogates in atlas selection and their corresponding performance in ultimate label estimate were validated. The performance of NCC and (N)MI was similarly superior to MSD, with a 10% higher atlas selection probability and a segmentation performance increase in DSC by 0.10 with the first and third quartiles of (0.83, 0.89), compared to (0.81, 0.89). The derived optimal fusion set size, valued at 7/8/8/7 for MSD/NCC/MI/NMI, agreed well with the appropriate range [4, 9] from empirical observation. Conclusion: This work has developed an efficacious probabilistic model to characterize the image-based surrogate metric on atlas selection. Analytical insights lead to valid guiding principles on fusion set size design.
Executive dysfunction and treatment response in late-life depression.

Objectives Executive dysfunction in geriatric depression has been shown to predict poor response to antidepressant medication. The purpose of this review is to clarify which aspects of executive functioning predict poor antidepressant treatment response. Methods Literature review. Results From our review, the aspects of executive functioning that appear to be associated with antidepressant response rates are verbal fluency and response inhibition. There is some indication that the semantic strategy component may account for the effects of verbal fluency, although evidence comes from one study and needs replication. Processing speed has been proposed as a substrate that may underlie the effects of executive dysfunction on treatment response. Although processing speed does not appear to account for the relationship between response inhibition and treatment outcome, this issue has yet to be assessed with respect to verbal fluency. Conclusions Verbal fluency and response inhibition are specific aspects of executive dysfunction that appear to impact antidepressant response rates. Disruption of the frontostriatal limbic circuit (particularly the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) may explain the relation between these two mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Reference Frame Orientation on Discrete Ordinates Solutions in the Presence of Ray Effects and a Related Mitigation Technique

The discrete ordinates method is a popular and versatile technique for deterministically solving the radiative transport which governs the exchange of radiant energy within a fluid or gas mixture. It is the most common ‘high fidelity’ technique used to approximate the radiative contribution in combined-mode heat transfer applications. A major drawback of the discrete ordinates method is that the solution of the discretized equations may involve nonphysical oscillations due to the nature of the discretization in the angular space. These ray effects occur in a wide range of problems including those with steep temperature gradients either at the boundary or within the medium, discontinuities in the boundary emissivity due to the use of multiple materials or coatings, internal edges or corners in non-convex geometries, and many others. Mitigation of these ray effects either by increasing the number of ordinate directions or by filtering or smoothing the solution can yield significantly more accurate results and enhanced numerical stability for combined mode codes. When ray effects are present, the solution is seen to be highly dependent upon the relative orientation of the geometry and the global reference frame. This is an undesirable property. A novel ray effect mitigation technique is proposed. By averaging the computed solution for various orientations, the number of ordinate directions may be artificially increased in a trivially parallelizable way. This increases the frequency and decreases the amplitude of the ray effect oscillations. As the number of considered orientations increases a rotationally invariant solution is approached which is quite accurate. How accurate this solution is and how rapidly it is approached is problem dependent. Uncertainty in the smooth solution achieved after considering a relatively small number of orientations relative to the rotationally invariant solution may be quantified.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Using Multiple Choice Questions Written at Various Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels to Evaluate Student Performance across a Therapeutics Sequence

Objective: To evaluate the results of a prospectively developed plan for using multiple choice questions (MCQs) developed at defined Bloom’s levels to assess student performance across a Therapeutics sequence. Methods: Faculty were prospectively instructed to prepare a specific number of MCQs for exams in a Therapeutics sequence. Questions were distributed into one of three cognitive levels based on a modified Bloom’s taxonomy, including recall, application, and analysis. Student performance on MCQs was compared between and within each Bloom’s level throughout the Therapeutics sequence. In addition, correlations between MCQ performance and case performance were assessed. Results: A total of 168 pharmacy students were prospectively followed in a Therapeutics sequence over two years. The overall average MCQ score on 10 exams was 68.8%. A significant difference in student performance was observed between recall, application, and analysis domain averages (73.1%, 70.2% and 60.1%; p<0.001). Student performance within each Bloom’s level across the three courses was significantly different for recall (p<0.001), application (p<0.001), and analysis (p<0.001) MCQs. A significant correlation was observed between the recall domain and the case (0.67; p<0.01), application domain and the case (0.62; p<0.01), and analysis domain and the case (0.64; p<0.01). Conclusions: As students progress through the curriculum, faculty may need to find ways to promote recall knowledge for more advanced topics while continuing to develop their ability to apply and analyze information. Exams with well-designed MCQs that prospectively target various cognitive levels can facilitate assessment of student performance.
History, Quantitative Analysis, and the Balance of Power:

It is perhaps a paradox that history, the discipline which is closest to the raw stuff of politics, economics, and international affairs, has produced so little in agreed conclusions about such matters. Historians have managed to disagree about issues of great importance even though the data at their fingertips would seem to provide a substantial foundation for accord. Certain scholars have declared that World War I occurred because of an imbalance in international power (Hinsley, 1962); others have declared that it resulted from too great a balance (Langer, 1953). The question of responsibility for the war is still unresolved: Albertini, Fischer, and his disciples see Germany at fault; Langer, Fay, Turner, Ritter, and others believe the blame must be more evenly distributed. The divergence over World War I is magnified when one approaches World War I1 and the Cold War. Here "revisionist" contend with "traditional" interpretations, and there is no end to the argument in sight. Paul Schroeder contends in his companion piece in this issue that the assumptions and methods of our work in the Situational Analysis Project are questionable and fail to meet historical requirements. We propose to show in rejoinder that the assumptions and methods we have used are fully cognizant of the difficulties he mentions, and indeed have bcen designed to overcome some of the