cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation and Assessment of Errors Related to Antenna Pattern Distortion in CODAR SeaSonde High-Frequency Radar Ocean Current Measurements

A simulation-based investigation of errors in HF radar‐derived, near-surface ocean current measurements is presented. The simulation model is specific to Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar (CODAR) SeaSonde radar systems that employ a compact, collocated antenna geometry. In this study, radial current retrievals are obtained by processing simulated data using unmodified CODAR data processing software. To avoid limiting the results to specific ocean current and wind wave scenarios, the analyses employ large ensembles of randomly varying simulated environmental conditions. The effect of antenna pattern distortion on the accuracy of retrievals is investigated using 40 different antenna sensitivity patterns of varying levels of distortion. A single parameter is derived to describe the level of the antenna pattern distortion. This parameter is found to be highly correlated with the rms error of the simulated radial currents (r 5 0.94) and therefore can be used as a basis for evaluating the severity of site-specific antenna pattern distortions. Ensemble averages of the subperiod simulated current retrieval standard deviations are found to be highly correlated with the antenna pattern distortion parameter (r 5 0.92). Simulations without distortions of the antenna pattern indicate that an rms radial current error of 2.9 cm s 21 is a minimum bound on the error of a SeaSonde ocean radar system, given a typical set of operating parameters and a generalized ensemble of ocean conditions.
Predicting Cognitive Sequelae in Survivors of Critical Illness with Cognitive Screening Tests

Rationale: Survivors of critical illness have a high rate of cognitive impairments that may persist years after hospital discharge. Data are lacking regarding whether cognitive screening tests administered at hospital discharge can be used to predict which critically ill patients are likely to have long-term cognitive sequelae.Objectives: This prospective study assessed whether two cognitive screening tests, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Mini-Cog, administered at hospital discharge, predict cognitive sequelae in survivors of critical illness 6 months after hospital discharge.Methods: Seventy critically ill patients completed the MMSE and Mini-Cog just before hospital discharge. Of these 70 patients, 53 completed a neuropsychological battery 6 months after hospital discharge.Measurements and Main Results: At hospital discharge, 45 patients (64%) had impaired performance on the MMSE (score < 27, mean = 24.4) and 32 (45%) on the Mini-Cog. Twenty-seven patients (39%) were impaired on both the M...
New paradigm for simplified combustion modeling of energetic solids: Branched chain gas reaction

Two combustion models with simple but rational chemistry are compared: the classical high gas activation energy (E{sub g}/RT {much_gt} 1) Denison-Baum-Williams (DBW) model, and a new low gas activation energy (E{sub g}/RT {much_lt} 1) model recently proposed by Ward, Son, and Brewster (WSB). Both models make the same simplifying assumptions of constant properties, Lewis number unity, single-step, second order gas phase reaction, and single-step, zero order, high activation energy condensed phase decomposition. The only difference is in the gas reaction activation energy E{sub g} which is asymptotically large for DBW and vanishingly small for WSB. For realistic parameters the DBW model predicts a nearly constant temperature sensitivity {sigma}{sub p} and a pressure exponent n approaching 1. The WSB model predicts generally observed values of n = 0.7 to 0.9 and {sigma}{sub p}(T{sub o},P) with the generally observed variations with temperature (increasing) and pressure (decreasing). The WSB temperature profile also matches measured profiles better. Comparisons with experimental data are made using HMX as an illustrative example (for which WSB predictions for {sigma}{sub p}(T{sub o},P) are currently more accurate than even complex chemistry models). WSB has also shown good agreement with NC/NG double base propellant and HNF, suggesting that at the simplest level of combustion modeling, a vanishingly small gas activation energy is more realistic than an asymptotically large one. The authors conclude from this that the important (regression rate determining) gas reaction zone near the surface has more the character of chain branching than thermal decomposition.
Host utilization by Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in a potato/weed (Solanum sarrachoides Sendt.) system.

Suivi d'une population non-nuisible du doryphore en champ et en laboratoire pour definir les facteurs culturaux et ceux associes a la plante hote qui provoqueraient une augmentation de l'utilisation de la pomme de terre comme plante hote. Les facteurs testes sont: l'elimination de la plante hote sauvage (mauvaise herbe), adequation relative des plantes hotes, plante hote preferee
A coupled non-linear hyperbolic-sobolev system

A boundary-initial value problem for a quasilinear hyperbolic system in one space variable is coupled to a boundary-initial value problem for a quasilinear equation of Sobolev type in two space variables of the form Mut(x, t)+L(t) u (x, t)=f(x, t, u(x, t)) where M and L(t) are second order elliptic spacial operators. The coupling occurs through one of the boundary conditions for the hyperbolic system and the source term in the equation of Sobolev type. Such a coupling can arise in the consideration of oil flowing in a fissured medium and out of that medium via a pipe. Barenblatt, Zheltov, and Kochina[2] have modeled flow in a fissured medium via a special case of the above equation. A local existence and uniqueness theorem is demonstrated. The proof involves the method of characteristics, some applications of results of R. Showalter and the contraction mapping theorem.
On the source of “Minor thymine” in DNA from a Novikoff rat hepatoma cell line☆

Abstract To determine if a fraction of DNA-thymine might derive from deamination of DNA-5-methylcytosine in polymeric DNA, the occurrence of tritiated DNA-thymine residues was measured in DNA isolated from Novikoff rat hepatoma cells incubated with varying levels of unlabeled thymidine and with G- 3 H-labeled deoxycytidine, unlabeled deoxyguanosine, deoxyadenosine, adenosine, serine, glycine and amethopterin. At 0 and 10 −5 M-thymidine, significant incorporation of label was recovered as DNA-thymine. At higher levels of thymidine (5× 10 −5 m to 10 −3 m ) label in DNA-thymine progressively decreased to levels that could be accounted for by deamination of DNA-thymine by the two different two-dimensional Chromatographic systems used to separate free DNA bases. “Minor thymine” in DNA of Novikoff hepatoma cells is thus generated by incomplete amethopterin blockade, insufficient dilution by exogenous thymidine and methodological deamination.
The relationship of spiritual maturity to level of object relations development and God image

Several theoretical studies have suggested that spiritual maturity parallels psychological maturity from an object relations perspective in that both involve a relationality that is characterized by mature dependence (Shackelford, 1978; Pingleton, 1984). In addition, previous research has suggested that there is a positive relationship between level of object relations development and God image (Rizzuto, 1979; McDargh, 1983, 1986; Birky & Ball, 1988; Brokaw, 1991). In light of this, the present study theoretically and empirically explored the notion that both level of object relations development and God image are positively correlated with spiritual maturity. The results suggest initial support for the present hypotheses. Theoretical as well as clinical implications of the results are discussed.
Selective decline in protein F1 phosphorylation in hippocampus of senescent rats

Certain forms of neuronal plasticity have been found to be expressed through alterations in brain protein phosphorylation, and its regulation by protein kinase activity. Of interest in this regard is the possibility that the decline in neuronal plasticity and cognitive function that occurs in advanced age may result in part from altered phosphorylation of specific proteins. As a first attempt to identify age-related changes in phosphoproteins, we assayed in vitro phosphorylation of proteins in hippocampus, cerebellum, entorhinal cortex, and frontal cortex from Fischer-344 rats of 5 months, I I months, and 25 months of age. Compared to the middle-aged animals, the aged rats showed a selective 46% decline in phosphorylation of the 47 kDa protein (F1) in hippocampus, with no change in the phosphorylation of other proteins measured in this structure. Aged animals also showed decreased phosphorylation relative to young animals. No age-related change was observed in any protein band for the other brain areas examined. Since protein F1 is phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC), the cytosolic and membrane distribution of this enzyme was compared across age groups. The activity of PKC in hippocampus did not change across age. The explanation of this age-related decline in protein F1 phosphorylation is likely to be a decline in the substrate protein itself. The results are discussed in terms of protein F1's possible role in age-related decline of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
High-strength high-conductivity Cu-Nb microcomposite wire by powder metallurgy

A powder metallurgy process using elemental powders was employed to fabricate Cu-Nb microcomposite wires. An ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1400 MPa and resistivity of 2.3μΩ cm were measured at 300 K for a Cu-15 vol % Nb composite. Details of the process and of the effect of deformation and heat treatment on the strength, filament morphology and microstructure are presented
Oncogenic MUC1-C Promotes Tamoxifen Resistance in Human Breast Cancer

Resistance of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells to tamoxifen has been linked in part to activation of (i) certain receptor tyrosine kinases, such as HER2, and (ii) the PI3K→AKT pathway. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is aberrantly overexpressed in about 90% of human breast cancers and the oncogenic MUC1-C subunit associates with ERα. The present studies using HER2 overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells, which are constitutively resistant to tamoxifen, demonstrate that silencing MUC1-C is associated with (i) downregulation of p-HER2 levels, and (ii) sensitivity to tamoxifen-induced growth inhibition and loss of clonogenic survival. The results also demonstate that overexpression of MUC1-C in tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells results in upregulation of p-AKT and tamoxifen resistance. We show that MUC1-C forms complexes with ERα on the estrogen-responsive promoter of the Rab31 gene and that MUC1-C blocks tamoxifen-induced decreases in ERα occupancy. MUC1-C also attenuated tamoxifen-induced decreases in (i) recruitment of the coactivator CREB binding protein, (ii) Rab31 promoter activation, and (ii) Rab31 mRNA and protein levels. The importance of MUC1-C is further supported by the demonstration that targeting MUC1-C with the cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor, GO-203, sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant cells to tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, we show that targeting MUC1-C in combination with tamoxifen is highly synergistic in the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. These findings indicate that MUC1-C contributes to tamoxifen resistance and provide support for the investigation of MUC1-C inhibitors in the setting of tamoxifen refractory disease.
Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction in Latin America Sobrepeso y Obesidad

You don’t get to choose how you’re going to die, or when. You can only choose how you’re going to live now. 1 — —Joan Baez Eat less at dinner and you will live to 99.1 — —Ancient Chinese proverb During the past 30 years, developing countries have undergone major changes that have been paralleled by a dramatic increase in mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease. Changes in lifestyle that have been associated with economic growth and urbanization, coupled with reductions in morbidity and mortality from communicable disease and childbirth, have resulted in the sobering statistic that 80% of the global burden from cardiovascular disease now occurs in developing countries.2,3⇓ Indeed, it is estimated that unless current trends are halted, more than 1 billion people will die from cardiovascular disease in the first half of the 21st century—the majority coming from developing countries, with most of the life-years lost occurring in middle age.1 Two studies4,5⇓ in this issue of Circulation yield valuable insight into the risk factors for myocardial infarction in Latin America and provide a challenge for the development of effective preventive strategies. Articles pp 1067 and 1075 Lanas and coauthors4 report a case-control study involving 1237 cases of first acute myocardial infarction from the 6 Latin American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala, and Mexico, which were part of the larger INTERHEART study involving 15 152 cases of first acute myocardial infarction in 52 countries worldwide. Their work identifies risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Latin America and provides important information about the population-attributable risk (PAR) in this region. Whereas the 9 risk factors for coronary heart disease—abnormal lipid levels, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial stress, regular physical activity, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and alcohol—account for …
Growth factor-dependent inhibition of normal hematopoiesis by N-ras antisense oligodeoxynucleotides

To determine whether N-ras expression is required at specific stages of the process of in vitro normal human hematopoiesis, adherent- and T lymphocyte-depleted mononuclear marrow cells (A-T-MNC) or highly purified progenitors (CD34+ cells) were cultured in semisolid medium, under conditions that favor the growth of specific progenitor cell types, after exposure to N-ras sense and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. N-ras antisense, but not sense, oligodeoxynucleotide treatment of A-T-MNC and CD34+ cells resulted in a significantly decreased number of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) induced by interleukin 3 (IL-3) or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and of macrophage colonies (CFU-M) induced by M-CSF, but not of granulocytic colonies induced with G-CSF or IL-5. However, the same treatment significantly inhibited colony formation induced by each of the above factors in combination with IL-3. Megakaryocytic colony (CFU-Meg) formation from A-T-MNC or CD34+ cells in the presence of IL-6 + IL-3 + erythropoietin (Epo) was also markedly decreased after antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. Erythroid colonies derived from A-T-MNC in the presence of Epo (CFU-E) were not inhibited upon antisense treatment, whereas those arising from A-T-MNC or CD34+ cells in the presence of IL-3 + Epo (BFU-E) were markedly affected. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that distinct signal transduction pathways, involving N-ras or not, are activated by different growth factors in different hematopoietic progenitor cells.
A systematic approach to factory layout and design with FactoryPLAN, FactoryOPT, and FactoryFLOW

Since the finished quality of every layout project depends on a successful combination of products, processes and tools, it is essential to select each of these carefully. A good project will always begin with an analysis of the production volumes of the products with common process sequences and tool requirements in order to create manufacturing families. For each of these families you can select the "best manufacturing practices" that need to be used and re-engineer the processes and tooling to fit the desired throughput and inventory requirements. Only after you know the desired manufacturing practices to be used for each product family is it appropriate to begin developing layouts around a systematic flow and non-flow evaluation process. This systematic approach to layout design combines with Factory PLAN/OPT and FLOW software tools working in AutoCAD to create the most efficient factory designs in record time.
Resource availability and plant diversity explain patterns of invasion of an exotic grass

Aims In this study, we examine two common invasion biology hypotheses— biotic resistance and fluctuating resource availability—to explain the patterns of invasion of an invasive grass, Microstegium vimineum. Methods We used 13-year-old deer exclosures in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, to examine how chronic disturbance by deer browsing affects available resources, plant diversity, and invasion in an understory plant community. Using two replicate 1 m 2 plots in each deer browsed and unbrowsed area, we recorded each plant species present, the abundance per species, and the fractional per cent cover of vegetation by the cover classes: herbaceous, woody, and graminoid. For each sample plot, we also estimated overstory canopy cover, soil moisture, total soil carbon and nitrogen, and soil pH as a measure of abiotic differences between plots. Important Findings We found that plant community composition between chronically browsed and unbrowsed plots differed markedly. Plant diversity was 40% lower in browsed than in unbrowsed plots. At our sites, diver sity explained 48% and woody plant cover 35% of the variation in M. vimineum abundance. In addition, we found 3.3 times less M. vimineum in the unbrowsed plots due to higher woody plant cover and plant diversity than in the browsed plots. A parsimonious explanation of these results indicate that disturbances such as herbivory may elicit multiple conditions, namely releasing available resources such as open space, light, and decreasing plant diversity, which may facilitate the proliferation of an invasive species. Finally, by testing two different hypotheses, this study addresses more recent calls to incorporate multiple hypotheses into research attempting to explain plant invasion.
+TIPs: SxIPping along microtubule ends

+TIPs are a heterogeneous class of proteins that specifically bind to growing microtubule ends. Because dynamic microtubules are essential for many intracellular processes, +TIPs play important roles in regulating microtubule dynamics and microtubule interactions with other intracellular structures. End-binding proteins (EBs) recognize a structural cap at growing microtubule ends, and have emerged as central adaptors that mediate microtubule plus-end tracking of potentially all other +TIPs. The majority of these +TIPs bind to EBs through a short hydrophobic (S/T)x(I/L)P sequence motif (SxIP) and surrounding electrostatic interactions. These recent discoveries have resulted in a rapid expansion of the number of possible +TIPs. In this review, we outline our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of plus-end tracking and provide an overview of SxIP-recruited +TIPs.
Amplification, redundancy, and quantum Chernoff information.

Amplification was regarded, since the early days of quantum theory, as a mysterious ingredient that endows quantum microstates with macroscopic consequences, key to the ``collapse of the wave packet,'' and a way to avoid embarrassing problems exemplified by Schr\"odinger's cat. Such a bridge between the quantum microworld and the classical world of our experience was postulated ad hoc in the Copenhagen interpretation. Quantum Darwinism views amplification as replication, in many copies, of the information about quantum states. We show that such amplification is a natural consequence of a broad class of models of decoherence, including the photon environment we use to obtain most of our information. This leads to objective reality via the presence of robust and widely accessible records of selected quantum states. The resulting redundancy (the number of copies deposited in the environment) follows from the quantum Chernoff information that quantifies the information transmitted by a typical elementary subsystem of the environment.
Alternaria measures in inner-city, low-income housing by immunoassay and culture-based analysis.

Background Sensitivity to Alternaria allergens has been associated with severe asthma and life-threatening exacerbations, and a high prevalence of Alternaria sensitivity has been reported among inner-city populations. Traditionally, epidemiologic studies have measured indoor Alternaria concentrations by cultural analyses; however, the number of viable spores may not be a good proxy for allergen levels. Furthermore, other genera share epitopes with Alternaria that may contribute to the allergenic effect. Objective To compare measures of Alternaria antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with measures of Alternaria and cross-reactive genera ( Ulocladium, Curvularia, Epicoccum , and Stemphylium ) by cultural analysis. Method Antigen assays and cultural analyses were performed on vacuum-collected bed dust samples collected between June 18, 2002, and February 9, 2004, from 3 inner-city, low-income public housing developments. Results Alternaria antigen was found in all bed dust samples regardless of season. However, culturable Alternaria, Ulocladium, Curvularia, Epicoccum, and Stemphylium were only found in 50%, 35%, 6%, 11%, and 0% of bed samples, respectively. No correlations were found between Alternaria antigen and culturable concentrations of Alternaria or of its cross-reactive genera except for marginal correlation with Ulocladium culturable concentrations. Conclusions The results confirm that exposure to Alternaria antigens and allergens can occur even in the absence of culturable Alternaria or its cross-reactive genera, so further refinement and use of assays are essential for characterizing the distribution and determinants of indoor fungal allergen levels for sensitive populations.
Comparison of a suture anchor and a toggle rod for use in toggle pin fixation of coxofemoral luxations.

The mechanical characteristics of toggle rods and Bone Biter™ anchors inserted through the medial acetabular wall for toggle pin repair of coxofemoral luxations were compared in 16 canine cadaver p...
Direct observation of health-habit counseling of adolescents

Objectives: To determine the rate of health-habit counseling of adolescents seeing community family physicians and to identify the factors associated with the delivery of recommended preventive counseling services. Design: Cross-sectional multimethod study emphasizing direct observation of patient visits. Setting: Community family practices in northeast Ohio. Patients or Other Participants: Adolescents (n = 445) aged 11 to 21 years who were being seen for outpatient visits to community family physicians (n = 119) during 2 days of observation by trained research nurses. Main Outcome Measure: Direct observation of the delivery of clinical preventive counseling services recommended by the Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services. Results: During the 445 visits made by adolescents, the most frequently delivered counseling service was exercise advice (13%). At least 1 health-habit counseling service was delivered during 38% of visits. In multivariable analyses, older patient age was strongly associated with increased service delivery. Visits for well care, longer visits, and new patient visits were also associated with the provision of counseling. Visits including preventive counseling services were on average 2.5 minutes longer than visits without preventive counseling. Conclusions: The rates of delivery of preventive counseling services in clinical practice were low, raising concern about the feasibility of current recommendations. The practical implementation of prevention guidelines may require a greater use of well-care visits and longer patient visits than are currently used in community family practice. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:367-373
Systematic review with meta-analysis: the risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage post-polypectomy in patients receiving anti-platelet, anti-coagulant and/or thienopyridine medications

Summary Background For patients undergoing colonoscopy with polypectomy, current guidelines recommend temporary cessation of blood-thinning medications. The data regarding periprocedural management of these medications are sparse. Aim To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the risk of post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) in patients taking anti-platelet, anti-coagulant and/or thienopyridine medications. Methods We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Biosis and Proceedings First from 1970 to 2015. PPB was defined as overt haemorrhage or drop in haemoglobin of at least 2 g/dL. Results Of 1490 articles identified, we included 3 papers and 1 abstract with patients on aspirin and/or NSAIDs, 1 paper on warfarin, 2 abstracts on clopidogrel, and 2 papers on clopidogrel plus aspirin and/or NSAIDs. While the rate of immediate PPB on aspirin and/or NSAIDs was not increased (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.7–1.9, P = 0.7), the risk of delayed PPB was increased (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.4, P = 0.0009, I2 = 60%) but rendered non-significant with elimination of a small study. There was an elevated risk of delayed PPB on clopidogrel (OR = 9.7, 95% CI 3.1–30.8, P = 0.0, I2 = 0). There was an increased risk of delayed PPB in patients on clopidogrel + aspirin and/or NSAIDs (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.3–8.8, P = 0.01, I2 = 0). Based on a single study on warfarin, the PPB rate was elevated. There were no data regarding PPB and usage of the newer anti-coagulant agents. Conclusions Usage of aspirin or NSAIDs does not increase risk of post-polypectomy bleeding. Clopidogrel and warfarin should be discontinued in the periprocedural period to prevent the occurrence of post-polypectomy bleeding.
Blind signal processing: an introduction

After a brief introduction to blind signal separation, the problem of blind signal processing is formulated, which provides an enlarged scope of blind signal separation. As such, it includes within its scope blind channel identification, blind identification of medium with layered structures, array signal processing, and computerized tomography. An application to early fault detection of analog circuits is also presented.
Engineers and Business Ethics

Business ethics must include attention to engineers' roles and responsibilities in business organizations because engineers are so integral to so many areas of business, and engineers are bound as professionals to the special standards, technical and ethical, of their engineering specialties. In the latter half of the 19th century, engineers began to organize as a profession, and by the end of the first quarter of the 20th century, this occupational group showed leading features of a profession. They organized professional societies, depended on an appropriate body of knowledge, and developed special standards,technical standards and codes of ethics. In contrast with lawyers and physicians, most engineers were employees of large business organizations. Nevertheless, in the social ferment of the mid 1970s, almost all the engineering societies revised their ethics codes to include as Canon One, “Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties.” Engineers' over-arching ethical task is to bring their technical and ethical standards to bear in the complex social environments of large profit-making organizations. In addition to technical expertise, they need the social and communication skills necessary for advocating, persuading, and negotiating to avoid ethics problems or to help resolve them. Keywords: responsibilities; ethical standards; technical standards; codes of ethics; role; professional societies; professional standards; technical expertrise
Modeling Interactions of a Carbon Offset Policy and Biomass Markets on Crop Allocations

Arkansas cropping pattern changes at the county level were estimated under various scenarios involving a likely decline in water availability, the development of a biomass market for renewable energy production, and the potential of a widely used carbon offset market. These scenarios are analyzed separately and jointly to determine which of the three scenarios is expected to have the largest impact on net (emissions – sequestration) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, renewable fuels feedstock supply, and producer net returns. Land use choices included conventional crops of rice, cotton, soybean, corn, grain sorghum, pasture, and hay. Specialty crops of loblolly pine and switchgrass were modeled for their respective potential to sequester carbon and provide feedstock for renewable fuels. GHG emissions were measured across an array of production methods for each crop. Soil and lumber carbon sequestration was based on yield, soil texture, and tillage. Using the concept of additionality in which net GHG emissions reductions compared with a baseline level were rewarded at a carbon price of $15 per ton along with $40 per dry ton of switchgrass, baled at field side, revealed that irrigation restrictions had the largest negative impact on producer net returns while also lowering net GHG emissions. Introducing the higher carbon price led to minor positive income ramifications and greatly reduced net GHG emissions. Biomass production returns were higher than the returns from the carbon offset market, however, at the cost of greater net GHG emissions. The combination of all factors led to a significant increase in switchgrass and pine production. In this scenario, approximately 16% of the total income losses with lower nonirrigated yields were offset with returns from biomass and carbon markets. Lowest statewide net GHG emissions were achieved given least irrigation fuel use and a greater than 15% increase in carbon sequestration with pine and switchgrass.
Average power reduction for MSM optical signals via sparsity and uncertainty principle

Multiple subcarrier modulation is an appealing scheme for high-data rate optical communication. However a major drawback is its low average power efficiency. While subcarrier reservation is a common approach to combat this problem, little is known about the performance of algorithms that utilize subcarrier reservation. By combining properties of sparse signals with an abstract form of the Uncertainty Principle related to multiple subcarrier signals, we design an effective iterative method for constructing average-power-efficient multicarrier signals. Unlike most existing subcarrier reservation methods, our method provides a guaranteed bound for the achievable average power reduction as well as guaranteed rates of convergence. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection treated with home fecal transplantation: a case report

Introduction Clostridium difficile infection causes severe diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss. A course of metronidazole is the initial treatment; however up to 40% of patients have at least one recurrence. Some patients have recurrent infections requiring further treatment with vancomycin, others need multiple courses of expensive treatment. Fecal transplantation has been proposed as an effective treatment option for patients with recurrences. We report the case of a patient with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection unresponsive to usual treatment and her experience with home fecal transplantation.
High speed digital signal analysis of ultra-broadband micromachined flip-chip interconnect designs

Multi-gigabits digital signal transmission in flip-chip interconnect is studied. It is indicated that a conventional flip-chip (CFC) interconnect has two distinct problems. Adding two micromachined features, air cavity and trenches, can improve the transmission characteristic of the CFC interconnect, which is called locally matched flip-chip (LMFC) interconnect. The measured S-parameters, which are the parameters in the frequency domain, show that the LMFC interconnect has the bandwidth of return loss below 20 dB up to 50 GHz. Based on the frequency domain response, the CFC and LMFC flip-chip interconnects are characterized in the time domain using eye-diagram. The simulated eye-diagram performance of the LMFC interconnect indicates that introducing the air cavity and trench to the CFC interconnect improves the multi-gigabits digital signal transmission significantly and the LMFC interconnect could operate at 40 Gb/s bit rate.
Plasma Propagation Simulation Near an Electrically Propelled Spacecraft

A charge-exchang e plasma environment is produced by an electrostatic ion thruster. It is important to understand the possible interaction of various spacecraft systems with this plasma. To this end, a detailed knowledge of the propagation of a charge-exchange plasma in the vincinity of a spacecraft is important. A model that describes the charge-exchange plasma and its propagation is described, along with a computer code based on this model. The geometry of an idealized spacecraft with an ion thruster is outlined, together with the assumptions used in modeling the ion beam. The distribution function describing charge-exchange ion production is also presented. The barometric equation is used to relate the variation in plasma potential to the variation in plasma density. Comparisons between the computer simulation and experimental data are presented. The model is in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental plasma density and ion trajectory angle measurements. An analytical solution of a simple configuration is also used to verify the model.
The change in emphasis from people to person: introduction to the special issue on Assistive Technology

In the last century, our global focus was on tackling such mass population problems as the containment of contagious diseases and infection, sanitation, the construction of bridges and highways, and the implementation of public education. While education is in continuous need of updating and improvement, while there is much work and repair needing to be done to our physical infrastructure, and there are disease processes still to be understood and controlled, we have made tremendous strides in conquering these massive, population-based, challenges. Today, we have a reasonably good service infrastructure and set of public policies and legislation internationally to protect and promote our health, safety, and education. As I have attempted to depict in ®gure 1, the 20th century focus was on people and their needs as a population. Often, each country had a fairly discrete population sharing a culture and language diVerent from many other countries. The individuals comprising any given country’s population were rarely the focus of attention, nor were products or devices uniquely shaped or crafted to ®t individual needs and preferences. In the 20th century, it was common to have, say, one style of wheelchair prescribed for many people. Options and choices in wheelchairs and other assistive technologies, if they existed at all, were certainly not vast. And to better contain and control disease and disability, society decreed that people had to be treated and managed by healthcare providers. Services for people with disabilities and chronic health conditions, thus, came under the purview of medical professionals who, in keeping with their training, viewed disability against the normal curve of the state of the mass population’s health and, thus, as a health problem which required treatment and cure.
Synchronous ipsilateral Warthin tumor encased by a separate mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland: a case report and review of the literature.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a cost effective and low morbidity procedure in the initial assessment of salivary gland tumors. However, cytological assessment of ipsilateral synchronous tumors (which make up less than 0.3% of all salivary gland neoplasms) may pose diagnostic challenges. Therefore, a wholesome approach, including FNA with clinical and radiological correlation, is of utmost importance. Here, we report a unique case of Warthin tumor encased by a separate high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma that was first diagnosed on FNA. Another striking feature seen was the presence of chronic sialadenitis in the surrounding nonneoplastic salivary gland. The presence of two different neoplasms in the background of chronic sialadenitis raises the question of a possible causal relationship. Traditionally, there has been diagnostic difficulty when dealing with synchronous tumors of the salivary gland and the background of chronic sialadenitis may further complicate the diagnosis. FNA is very helpful and can give important cues to the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Village Antique Mall: A Case Study

This case applies economic competition fundamentals to the situation of competing in the market for antiques and growing a business for the purpose of cap selling a building. The macro perspective of the case describes technology and demographic changes that have modified the nature of competition for antiques. The micro perspective of the case describes how The Village Antique Mall in Amarillo, Texas matured as a business in light of the changes to competitive forces. Price, location, attribute differences, firm-service differentials, and differentiated subjective image in the form of advertising are the primary forms of competition explored in the case.
Plasmodium gallinaceum: clinical progression, recovery, and resistance to disease in chickens infected via mosquito bite.

Historically, in vivo experiments of Plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens have caused high mortality. Perhaps because of this high mortality, it remains to be demonstrated whether recovered birds will resist a second episode of illness when re-exposed to infected mosquitoes. In the current study, groups of 10 chicks were infected with P. gallinaceum via mosquito bite. Parasitemia and anemia were followed by recovery in all birds, although they had persisting, low levels of parasitized erythrocytes (0.007 ± 0.019%). Twenty-three days after the initial exposure, 10 recovered chicks were rechallenged with P. gallinaceum via mosquito bite; none of them developed clinical or hema- tological evidence of malaria, in contrast to matched control birds, which all became diseased (P < 0.001). Unlike previous studies, the current experiment had no mortality in chickens infected with P. gallinaceum by mosquito bite. Recovered birds resisted disease from re-exposure to the same organism. The duration and nature of immunity or premunition remain to be determined.
Increased Odds of Melanoma: Parkinson's Disease, Essential Tremor, Dystonia versus Controls.

Objective: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have an increased risk of melanoma, although the mechanisms are unclear. We are unaware of studies that have ass
Thymidine Kinase and DNA Polymerase Activity in Normal and Zinc Deficient Developing Rat Embryos

SummaryThymidine kinase and DNA polymerase activities were significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) lower in 9, 10, 11, and 12-day embryos taken from dams fed a zinc deficient diet than in those from ad libitum fed and restricted intake controls. An additional finding was that of increased activity of both thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase with increasing age of embryos. As previously found with thymidine kinase, addition of zinc and other divalent metal ions in vitro had little effect on restoration of DNA polymerase activity from zinc deficient extracts when added at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mM. When added at a level of 0.2 mM, zinc, but not other metal ions, had an inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase activity. These findings support the hypothesis that the teratogenic effects of zinc deficiency are associated with the enzymes involved in DNA synthesis.This research was supported in part by NIH Research Grant No. HD-01743 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Vulcanization or Other Heat Treatment by Electrical Conduction

Abstract This communication relates to the heating of plastic materials of. a semiconducting nature by passing electricity through them. In particular, it relates to the vulcanization of rubber and rubberlike materials, including Neoprene, with heat generated by the conduction of an electric current and, similarly, it relates to the heat treatment of thermosetting plastics by conduction of an electric current. It is well known that all electrical conductors are heated to some extent by the passage of an electric current. This heating is a direct consequence of internal resistance. The effect so obtained is proportional to the electrical energy absorbed, and is expressed by the equation: power=I2R, in which I is the current in amperes between two points and R is the corresponding resistance in ohms. The unit of power is the watt. Others have used electrical means of heating unvulcanized rubber, but the disclosures differ fundamentally from this proposal. For example, Neerlye coils a steel ribbon and an unc...
Congenital anomalies of the vagina and their reconstruction.

Vaginal anomalies are common in the female infant with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and virilization. Isolated vaginal anomalies and vaginal anomalies in association with persistent urogenital sinus or cloacal malformation also are seen in endocrinologically normal girls.
MIGRATIONS IN LATE ANASAZI PREHISTORY: "EYEWITNESS" TESTIMONY

Through detailed analysis of artifactual and architectural materials, several researchers, notably Woodson (1999), have inferred that certain late pueblo ruins in southeast Arizona were built by immigrants from northern Arizona. It has gone nearly unnoticed that this conclusion is specifically verified by testimony of members of the Coronado Expedition, who passed through the region in 1540. The most detailed account-apparently based on information from native informants-states that what the Spaniards called a "fortress"-like pueblo ruin in southeast Arizona had been occupied by "foreigners" who came from the region of Cibola. We introduce new evidence that Coronado's party may have been aware of other pueblo ruins in southeast Arizona. Records from the Coronado entrada have been underused in interpreting life in the late stages of Southwest prehistory, partly because the Coronado route is poorly known in many areas. With recent discoveries, however, we are entering a new period in which the Coronado eyewitness testimony can be understood well enough to be used to complement archaeological data on late Southwestern prehistory.
A Case Study of Educational Marketing in the Program of Sino-Canadian Cooperation

The paper,based on the basic theory of marketing,aims to analyze the status quo,problems and opportunities of Ningbo University’s Sino-Canadian joint programs.It thus proposes that cooperative educational programs be shifted from centralized model to differential competition.Domestic colleges and universities should make full use of their instructional resources and collaborative experience to serve the personnel need of regional markets.The author innovatively works out the marketing assessment index in the hope of contributing much to Sino-foreign educational programs.
Risk Management Guidences and Case Studies for Durg Administration

The risk management for pharmaceutical products is a multidisciplinary method to document,monitor and evaluate ad- verse drug events(ADEs),and plan interventions.It applies to the life of a drug from Investigational New Drug(IND),New Drug Application(NDA),post-marketing,and even removal from mar- keting.In this article we reviewed the recently released FDA risk management guidances and used three cases to illustrate the con- cept and methods of the risk management.At the end we also briefly review the development of risk management in European and suggested China should review the risk management strategies and improve drug safety using some experiences from USA and European countries.
Tanreqing injection and thymopolypeptides treatment of 144 cases of HFMD in the efficacy analysis

Objective:To observe Tanreqing thymopolypeptides treatment of HFMD in clinical efficacy.Methods:144 cases of HFMD patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,control group was given Tanreqing 0.3-0.5 ml/(kg·d) intravenous infusion;Tanreqing treatment group based on the use of thymopolypeptides 1-2 mg/(kg·d) intravenous drip treatment 3-5 d.Results:The cooling time,fade time of hand-foot-herpes,oral herpes subsided time of observation,compared between the treatment group and the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion:Tanreqing injection and treatment thymopolypeptides treatment of HFMD has obvious anti-virus,fever and to improve symptoms and shorten the course of treatment,with obvious effect.
Management of the short bowel syndrome.

SUMMARY The short bowel syndrome has become an increasingly common clinical condition. Malnutrition and its complications should be avoidable with use of a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition support. Dietary management needs to be individualized. Drugs directed against gastric hypersecretion, increased motility, intestinal secretion, unabsorbed bile salts, and bacterial overgrowth improve intestinal function. Complications specific to the short bowel syndrome (gastric hypersecretion, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis) can be minimized and diagnosed early. Surgical management includes preserving intestinal remnant length and improving its function. Intestinal transplantation is evolving as a promising therapeutic alternative for patients with complications of long-term parenteral nutrition support.
Detectors for digital mammography

Introduction Mammography is the most technically demanding radiographic modality, requiring high spatial resolution, excellent low contrast discrimination, and wide dynamic range. The development of dedicated mammography systems [1] in the mid-1960s and the refinements in film-screen technology over its long evolution [2,3] were of critical importance in establishing the benefits of mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality [4–10]. The use of film-screen technology over 30 years ensured excellent spatial resolution under optimal conditions. The high spatial resolution requirement was thought to be essential for imaging small and subtle calcifications as small as 100–200 μm, in particular for visualizing its morphology. In spite of the excellent imaging characteristics of film-screen technology under optimal exposure and film development conditions, intrinsically images are more susceptible to artifacts. Small deviations from optimal exposure and processing conditions can have profound effects on mammographic image quality, such as its ability to provide a balanced image over regions of the breast that vary in radiographic density. The well-documented weaknesses of film-screen technology [11–13] include limited dynamic range, limited tolerance to exposure conditions, complexity and instabilities due to the chemical processing of film, and the lack of ability to digitally communicate, store, and enhance the images.