cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment, Part I: A Critical Review

If life cycle oriented methods are to encourage sustainable development, they must account for the role of ecosystem goods and services, since these form the basis of planetary activities and human well-being. This article reviews methods that are relevant to accounting for the role of nature and that could be integrated into life cycle oriented approaches. These include methods developed by ecologists for quantifying ecosystem services, by ecological economists for monetary valuation, and life cycle methods such as conventional life cycle assessment, thermodynamic methods for resource accounting such as exergy and emergy analysis, variations of the ecological footprint approach, and human appropriation of net primary productivity. Each approach has its strengths: economic methods are able to quantify the value of cultural services; LCA considers emissions and assesses their impact; emergy accounts for supporting services in terms of cumulative exergy; and ecological footprint is intuitively appealing and considers biocapacity. However, no method is able to consider all the ecosystem services, often due to the desire to aggregate all resources in terms of a single unit. This review shows that comprehensive accounting for ecosystem services in LCA requires greater integration among existing methods, hierarchical schemes for interpreting results via multiple levels of aggregation, and greater understanding of the role of ecosystems in supporting human activities. These present many research opportunities that must be addressed to meet the challenges of sustainability.
Modification of trypsin by methyl meta-guanidiniumbenzenesulfonate fluoroborate.

Abstract Methyl meta -guanidiniumbenzenesulfonate fluoroborate has been found to irreversibly inhibit the activity of trypsin. The rate of inhibition was found to be dependent on the basic form of an ionizable group of pKa about 7. The presence of a competitive inhibitor was found to protect trypsin against modification by the meta -ester. Methyl para -guanidiniumbenzenesulfonate fluoroborate was found not to irreversibly inhibit trypsin.
High Tc superconducting films on silicon wafers

Abstract High Tc (above 77 K) thin film superconductors have potential applications for use in high speed computers and in sensors. This work describes the approach we have used to form the thin films by sputter deposition on silicon wafers. The procedure includes planar magnetron sputtering of the 1:2:3 compounds from a single stoichiometric target using an intermediate reactively sputtered ZrO2 barrier layer. YBa2Cu3Ox, GdBa2Cu3Ox, and EuBa2Cu3Ox films were formed followed by heat treatments to form the perovskite and convert to the superconducting orthorhombic phase. The as-sputtered converted films were examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis to confirm their composition and by X-ray diffraction to confirm the orthorhombic phase formation. The results of cryogenic testing of the resistivity vs. temperature is also presented to define the optimum temperatures and conditions for annealing of the films.
The use of plasmodes as a supplement to simulations: A simple example evaluating individual admixture estimation methodologies

With the advent of powerful computers, simulation studies are becoming an important tool in statistical methodology research. However, computer simulations of a specific process are only as good as our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. An attractive supplement to simulations is the use of plasmode datasets. Plasmodes are data sets that are generated by natural biologic processes, under experimental conditions that allow some aspect of the truth to be known. The benefit of the plasmode approach is that the data are generated through completely natural processes, thus circumventing the common concern of the realism and accuracy of computer simulated data. The estimation of admixture, or the proportion of an individual's genome that originates from different founding populations, is a particularly difficult research endeavor that is well suited to the use of plasmodes. Current methods have been tested with simulations of complex populations where the underlying mechanisms such as the rate and distribution of recombination are not well understood. To demonstrate the utility of this method, data derived from mouse crosses is used to evaluate the effectiveness of several admixture estimation methodologies. Each cross shares a common founding population so that the ancestry proportion for each individual is known, allowing for the comparison of true and estimated individual admixture values. Analysis shows that the different estimation methodologies (Structure, AdmixMap and FRAPPE) examined all perform well with simple datasets. However, the performance of the estimation methodologies varied greatly when applied to a plasmode consisting of three founding populations. The results of these examples illustrate the utility of plasmodes in the evaluation of statistical genetics methodologies.
Myocardial Viability: Nuclear Assessment

There are an estimated 5 million patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in the United States. The long-term outcome in these patients is poor with a 5-year mortality of 70%. There is evidence suggesting that revascularization in patients with viable myocardium can result in reduced event rate in these patients. The presence of viable myocardium best identifies patients who will improve with revascularization. Noninvasive imaging with radionuclide tracers has been used extensively to identify the presence and extent of viable myocardium. We have summarized the role of radionuclide myocardial perfusion and function evaluation in assessment of viable myocardium in this review.
Hybrid Gaussian-Ring Deployment for intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we consider scenarios where traditional methods of sensor deployment do not perform well with regard to intrusion detection at the boundary of an area under protection. We propose a Hybrid Gaussian-Ring Deployment that provides a higher intrusion detection probability with fewer nodes for attacks at the edge of the network. This reduces the distance, that an external intruder can traverse before being detected. We provide the network deployment parameters to suit the desired level of security for a given Wireless Sensor Network application.
Courses of malignant pheochromocytoma: implications for therapy.

Survival of patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma that have exceeded 30 years without therapy to reduce tumors have been re- ported. We reviewed the records of 38 patients with malignant pheochro- mocytoma who had received 131 I-metaiodiobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) treatments between 1981 and 1996 to evaluate longevity. Survival from di- agnosis to last follow-up exceeded 5 years in 21 of 38 (55%) and ≥10 years in 50%. In 17 of 21, the interval from diagnosis to 131 I-MIBG therapy was greater than 5 years. Survival following 131 I-MIBG was ≥5 years in 12 of 17 and ≥10 years in 7 of 17 patients despite continued evidence of excessive circulating catecholamines. Objective responses to 131 I-MIBG therapy were seen in about 30% and were usually of a few years, duration, but one individual exhibited marked reductions in volume and function of tumors that have persisted for 21 years. No feature, including a remission of >5 years following surgical excision, was found to predict prolonged survival. In summary, many patients with malignant pheochromocytoma will follow a course extending over many years. The role of 131 I-MIBG
Reflections on the Moscow Conference

It is a mistake to underestimate the extent and the significance of the failure at Moscow. With respect to Germany the conference ended with the participants further apart than they had been at Potsdam. Nor can a modicum of comfort be salvaged by asserting that Moscow achieved a clearer understanding of the aims and ambitions of the four powers now occupying Germany. While the discussion contributed something in detail to a clarification of points of agreement and disagreement, on major issues the initial positions of the participants were known before the conference assembled. And at Moscow no power receded from its initial position on any major issue. The pertinent question is, why did the Moscow conference fail? There are two possible answers to this question, in both of which some truth is, probably, to be found. The first runs in terms of what has come to be standard negotiating technique at meetings of the Conference of Foreign Ministers. Following the practice favored by Soviet negotiators, no country is willing to make a concession until convinced by protracted and exhausting debate that the positions of others are firm. If one accepts this interpretation a certain measure of optimism is possible even after Moscow. One can refer to the experience of the satellite treaties in the negotiation of which the powers came to final agreement only after some fifteen months of what seemed at times hopeless disagreement.' If it took four meetings of the Council of Foreign Ministers to obtain agreement on the much less difficult questions involved in the satellite treaties, it can be argued that to write off the possibility of agreement on Germany after only one meeting is, at least, premature. A certain measure of support for this view may be gleaned from the interview of ex-Governor Stassen with Stalin in which, according to the Stassen report, Stalin appeared confident that divergent views could be successfully compromised. Secretary Marshall, in his address following the
Sub Rosa Resistance and the Politics of Economic Reform: Land Redistribution in Post-Soviet Ukraine

This article examines obstacles to economic reform in Ukraine's transition to a market-based economy. Existing explanations for failures of reform in postcommunist states privilege societal actors, as in the case of Przeworski's J-curve, or state actors acting in a private, rent-seeking capacity, as in Hellman's partial reform equilibrium. Other explanations focus on weak state capacity. However, there is evidence to suggest that some groups of individuals who stall or halt market reforms may do so in their capacity as state actors. Their resistance to reform may be sub rosa: state actors may comply with formal institutional requirements of reform even as they seek to preserve the status quo. This tendency is evident in the privatization of land, the focus of this article. This article proposes an explanation for reform failures which suggests that some resistance to economic liberalization may derive from the efforts of state actors to protect the public good.
Neutron and photon clonogenic survival curves of two chemotherapy resistant human intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines.

Abstract Background: The potential role of neutron therapy in the management of intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IGNHL) has not been examined because of the belief that the anticipated radiobiological effectiveness (RBE) would be uniformly very low. Purpose: To determine the fast neutron RBE for two chemotherapy-resistant IGNHL cell lines. Methods and Materials: Conventional soft agar clonogenic survival curves following irradiation by 60 Co and fast neutron were established for two IGNHL cell lines. These cell lines, WSU-DLCL2 and SK-DHL2B, were found in previous studies to be able to repair sublethal damage, and were also resistant to L-Pam and doxorubicin chemotherapy. Results: When the surviving fraction after 2 Gy photon was chosen as the biological endpoint, the RBE for WSU-DLCL2 and SK-DHL2B measured 3.34 and 3.06. Similarly, when 10% survival was considered, the RBE for these two cell lines measured 2.54 and 2.59. The RBE, as measured by the ratios α neutron/α photon, for WSU-DLCL2, SK-DHL2B cell lines are 6.67 and 5.65, respectively. These results indicate that the RBE for these IGNHL cell lines is higher than the average RBE for cell lines of other histological types. Conclusion: Fast neutron irradiation may be of potential value in treating selected cases of IGNHL.
Dynamics of Learning in Recurrent Feature-Discovery Networks

The self-organization of recurrent feature-discovery networks is studied from the perspective of dynamical systems. Bifurcation theory reveals parameter regimes in which multiple equilibria or limit cycles coexist with the equilibrium at which the networks perform principal component analysis.
Multiuser signal detection using sequential decoding

The application of sequential decoding to the detection of data transmitted over the additive white Gaussian noise channel by K asynchronous transmitters using direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) is considered. A modification of R.M. Fano's (1963) sequential-decoding metric, allowing the messages from a given user to be safely decoded if its E/sub b//N/sub 0/ exceeds -1.6 dB, is presented. Computer simulation is used to evaluate the performance of a sequential decoder that uses this metric in conjunction with the stack algorithm. In many circumstances, the sequential decoder achieves results comparable to those obtained using the much more complicated optimal receiver. >
Changing eating and physical activity patterns of US children

The number of US children who are overweight has more than doubled over the last decade. This change has broadened the focus of dietary guidance for children to address nutrient overconsumption and physical activity patterns. Total fat consumption expressed as a percentage of energy intake has decreased among US children. However, this decrease is largely the result of increased total energy intake in the form of carbohydrates and not necessarily due to decreased fat consumption. The majority of children aged 5-17 years are not meeting recommendations for Ca intakes. Much of this deficit is attributed to changing beverage consumption patterns, characterized by declining milk intakes and substantial increases in soft-drink consumption. On average, US children are not eating the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. US adolescents become less active as they get older, and one-quarter of all US children watch > or = 4 h television each day, which is positively associated with increased BMI and skinfold thickness. There is an urgent need in the USA for effective prevention strategies aimed at helping children grow up with healthful eating and physical activity habits to achieve optimal health.
Uncoupling Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease with Therapeutic Peptide-loaded Microgels

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by vessel occlusion and ischemia in the limbs. Treatment for PAD with surgical interventions has been showing limited success. Moreover, recent clinical trials with treatment of angiogenic growth factors proved ineffective as increased angiogenesis triggered severe inflammation in a proportionally coupled fashion. Hence, the overarching goal of this research was to address this issue by developing a biomaterial system that enables controlled, dual delivery of pro-angiogenic C16 and anti-inflammatory Ac-SDKP peptides in a minimally-invasive way. To achieve the goal, a peptide-loaded injectable microgel system was developed and tested in a mouse model of PAD. When delivered through multiple, low volume injections, the combination of C16 and Ac-SDKP peptides promoted angiogenesis, muscle regeneration, and perfusion recovery, while minimizing detrimental inflammation. Additionally, this peptide combination regulated inflammatory TNF-α pathways independently of MMP-9 mediated pathways of angiogenesis in vitro, suggesting a potential mechanism by which angiogenic and inflammatory responses can be uncoupled in the context of PAD. This study demonstrates a translatable potential of the dual peptide-loaded injectable microgel system for PAD treatment.
Part-based multiple-person tracking with partial occlusion handling

Single camera-based multiple-person tracking is often hindered by difficulties such as occlusion and changes in appearance. In this paper, we address such problems by proposing a robust part-based tracking-by-detection framework. Human detection using part models has become quite popular, yet its extension in tracking has not been fully explored. Our approach learns part-based person-specific SVM classifiers which capture the articulations of the human bodies in dynamically changing appearance and background. With the part-based model, our approach is able to handle partial occlusions in both the detection and the tracking stages. In the detection stage, we select the subset of parts which maximizes the probability of detection, which significantly improves the detection performance in crowded scenes. In the tracking stage, we dynamically handle occlusions by distributing the score of the learned person classifier among its corresponding parts, which allows us to detect and predict partial occlusions, and prevent the performance of the classifiers from being degraded. Extensive experiments using the proposed method on several challenging sequences demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in multiple-people tracking.
Peripheral and Total Parenteral Nutrition

It is amazing how much dextrose in water is administered by clinicians in hospital settings while the patient loses weight and resistance. The administration of glucose and water, or glucose and electrolytes, does little but supply a small carbohydrate energy source. Patients who receive merely glucose and electrolyte solution go into rapid negative nitrogen balance. These patients lose weight. They are energy starved. Furthermore, patients receiving protein supplementation have decreased morbidity. It certainly behooves every clinician to think critically when prescribing simple glucose and electrolyte solutions. If it is for a short-term illness and the diagnosis is certain, then merely maintaining fluid balance is important and some carbohydrate assists in that function. However, if the patient is seriously ill, will be ill for more than several days, and does not have any evidence of obesity, then the physician should consider more than glucose for intravenous therapy.
Tumor Imaging Through Temporal Log-Slope Difference Mapping of Transient Radiation Signals

A novel optical approach is proposed for cancerous tumor detection using transient radiation signals. In this method, target tissue is illuminated by near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses from various surface source points, and backscattered time-resolved light signals are collected at the same surface points. By analyzing the log-slopes of decaying signals over all points on the source-detection grid, a log-slope distribution on the surface is obtained. After administration of absorption contrast agents, the presence of cancerous tumors increases the decaying steepness of the transient signals. The mapping of log-slope difference between native tissue and absorption-enhanced cancerous tissue indicates the location and projection of tumors on the detection surface. In this paper, we examine this method through the detection of a small tumor in a model tissue phantom via computer simulation. The model has a spherical tumor of 6 mm in diameter embedded at the tissue center. Monte Carlo methods were employed to simulate the light transport and signal measurement. It is shown that the tumor in the tissue model can be accurately projected onto the detection surface by the proposed log-slope difference mapping method. The image processing is very fast and does not require any inverse optimization in image reconstruction.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Reconfigurable Real-Time Middleware for Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems with Aperiodic Events

Different distributed cyber-physical systems must handle a periodic and periodic events with diverse requirements. While existing real-time middleware such as real-time CORBA has shown promise as a platform for distributed systems with time constraints, it lacks flexible configuration mechanisms needed to manage end-to-end timing easily for a wide range of different cyber-physical systems with both aperiodic and periodic events. The primary contribution of this work is the design, implementation and performance evaluation of the first configurable component middleware services for admission control and load balancing of a periodic and periodic event handling in distributed cyber-physical systems. Empirical results demonstrate the need for, and the effectiveness of, our configurable component middleware approach in supporting different applications with a periodic and periodic events, and providing a flexible software platform for distributed cyber-physical systems with end-to-end timing constraints.
Toward a Vigorous Incorporation of Culture in the Study of Human Development

Culture signifies a fundamental aspect of human life. It facilitates human interaction by providing meaning to lived experience. The importance of systematically attending to culture is illustrated through examples of benefits achieved in the study of care and health disparities. Accounting for culture in both theories and methods potentially advances the field by connecting the macro and micro levels of human experience. Yet, culture should be understood as dynamic and complex. It fundamentally shapes individuals and simultaneously is shaped by individuals. Future directions include a call to develop questions that better place individuals and groups in context. In so doing, attention to distinguishing ideal aspects of culture from pragmatic realities as well as developing ways to make culture more visible in both research and in public discussions are elaborated. Attention to culture holds great potential for advancing understanding of life trajectories in human development.
J‐protein co‐chaperone Sis1 required for generation of [ RNQ + ] seeds necessary for prion propagation

Yeast prions are protein‐based genetic elements capable of self‐perpetuation. One such prion, [ RNQ + ], requires the J‐protein Sis1, an Ssa Hsp70 co‐chaperone, as well as the AAA+ ATPase, Hsp104, for its propagation. We report that, upon depletion of Sis1, as well as upon inactivation of Hsp104, Rnq1 aggregates increased in size. Subsequently, cells having large aggregates, as well as an apparently soluble pool of Rnq1, became predominant in the cell population. Newly synthesized Rnq1 localized to both aggregates and bulk cytosol, suggesting that nascent Rnq1 partitioned into pools of prion and nonprion conformations, and implying that these large aggregates were still active as seeds. Ultimately, soluble Rnq1 predominated, and the prion was lost from the population. Our data suggest a model in which J‐protein:Hsp70 machinery functions in prion propagation, in conjunction with Hsp104. Together, these chaperones facilitate fragmentation of prion polymers, generating a sufficient number of seeds to allow efficient conversion of newly synthesized Rnq1 into the prion conformation.
Molecular level study of the crystallization of a thermoplastic polyimide by infrared spectroscopy

The crystallization process of the thermoplastic polyimide derived from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3,-(4-aminophenoxy) propane (DMDA) is studied at the molecular level by utilizing infrared spectroscopy's sensitivity to local molecular environment. Assignments of the unique spectral features appearing upon crystallization are made with additional verification from crystalline model imide compounds. A direct comparison of an annealed polyimide film studied by both infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction shows fairly close agreement in the amount of crystallinity obtained. The unique crystalline infrared spectral features provide insight into the molecular mechanism involved with the crystallization process. Spectral shifts occurring upon crystallization reflect intramolecular rotations toward increased coplanarity as well as intermolecular chain packing of certain molecular groups at specific sites of the chain backbone. The site specific information is then used to study the relative kinetic behavior of the intramolecular and intermolecular effects occurring during crystallization. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning to program = learning to construct mechanisms and explanations

Teaching effective problem-solving skills in the context of teaching programming necessitates a revised curriculum for introductory computer programming courses.
Memory priming and trial spacing effects in Pavlovian learning.

Conditioning trials that are massed in time produce less conditioning than those that are spaced in time. Four experiments with rat subjects examined whether a recent conditioning trial interferes with conditioning on the next trial by temporarily “priming” information in short-term memory (e.g., Wagner, 1978, 1981). We used appetitive conditioning procedures in which priming trials preceded target trials by 60 sec. When the priming trials were nonreinforced presentations of a conditioned stimulus (CS), the CS had to be the same CS as the one on the target trial to interfere with conditioning. When priming trials were actual CS-unconditioned stimulus (US) pairings, the CS identity did not matter; the US was the event that interfered with conditioning on the next trial. Reinforced trials reduced performance in a way that did not depend on context blocking. The results suggest that CS and US priming effects do contribute to conditioning deficits observed with massed trial procedures. The results are consistent with Wagner’s (1981) “sometimes opponent process,” or SOP, model, although a result that is paradoxical for the model suggests that recent USs may have motivational as well as memory effects.
Maximal Work Capacity in Prepubescent Obese and Nonobese Females

Measurements of cardiorespiratory function during an incremental treadmill test were compared in 15 obese (OB) prepubescent girls, 7 to 12 years old, and in 15 age-matched, nonobese (NOB) controls. Open circuit calorimetry was used for data collection during the progressive work test. Maximal oxygen consumption indexed for weight was significantly lower in the obese group of girls (23.0 ± 3.9 ml/kg/min) than in the nonobese controls (36.7 ± 0.9 ml/kg/min). In addition, exercise tolerance was longer in the nonobese group, albeit not statistically significant. In conclusion, diminished cardiopulmonary performance and attenuated exercise tolerance in prepubescent obese females in the current investigation seemed to be influenced by excess body weight.
Excited-state absorption spectroscopy and state ordering in polyenes

Abstract The S n ← S 1 spectrum of 1,3,5,7-octatetraene has been obtained in cyclohexane. Calculations predict different S n ← S 1 spectra for the lowest excited 1 Ag − or 1 B u + states. The experimental S n ← S 1 spectrum is consistent with the 2 1 A g − as the lowest excited state. Extension of this technique to smaller polyenes is discussed.
Cell-cell interactions define the innervation patterns of central leech neurons during development.

In the last 20 years, the nervous system of the developing leech has been used to great advantage to study the processes by which neurons seek and finally innervate their targets. This review summarizes what is presently known about how neurons of the CNS interact with each other and with their targets during embryogenesis. - 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gender Differences and Executive Financial Decision-Making: Management Earnings Forecasts

This study examines the effects of gender on executive financial decision-making as it relates to management earnings forecast error. The primary question addressed is: do female and male executives behave differently when issuing management earnings forecasts? Additionally, the following sub-questions are addressed: (1) do female executives issue more accurate earnings forecasts than male executives and (2) are female executives more conservative than male executives when issuing earnings forecasts? Using the executive gender data from listed companies between years 2001-2010, we examine the earnings forecasts made by female and male executives. Our results are consistent with gender structure approach theory indicating significant differences between male and female CEOs/CFOs earnings forecast behaviors are due to executive specific effects rather than gender effects. The additional analysis also demonstrates that female executives are positively associated with cumulated abnormal returns.
The isolation of Mycobacteria from the brown hare (Lepus europaeus).

SUMMARY Five isolates of mycobacteria were obtained from the mesenteric lymph nodes of 285 hares, Lepus europaeus . Four isolates were identified serologically as M. avium type 2. The fifth isolate produced an obscure result and its classification remains in doubt.
Deregulation of cyclin E2 expression and associated kinase activity in primary breast tumors.

The increased expression of G1 cyclins has been associated with the many types of human tumors. In primary solid tumors however, the expression and activity of cyclin E2, the newest member of the G1 cyclin family, is largely unknown. In this study we have analysed the expression of the E-type cyclins in primary solid tumors from breast, lung, uterus, ovary, colon, and rectal tissues. Relative gene expression was analysed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Taqman). The levels of cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 were significantly elevated (23 vs 38%, respectively) in primary breast tumor samples relative to normal breast tissue controls. We also observed an inverse correlation between the expression of cyclin E1/E2 and estrogen receptor in breast tumors. Our results demonstrate that the expression and associated catalytic activity for both cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 is elevated in primary breast tumors when compared to normal breast tissue. The increased level of cyclin E2 in breast tumors suggests that, similar to cyclin E1, it may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Differential role of CBT skills, DBT skills and psychological flexibility in predicting depressive versus anxiety symptom improvement.

Abstract Objective Studies have reported associations between cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) skill use and symptom improvement in depressed outpatient samples. However, little is known regarding the temporal relationship between different subsets of therapeutic skills and symptom change among relatively severely depressed patients receiving treatment in psychiatric hospital settings. Method Adult patients with major depression (N = 173) receiving combined psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment at a psychiatric hospital completed repeated assessments of traditional CBT skills, DBT skills and psychological flexibility, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results Results indicated that only use of behavioral activation (BA) strategies significantly predicted depressive symptom improvement in this sample; whereas DBT skills and psychological flexibility predicted anxiety symptom change. In addition, a baseline symptom severity X BA strategies interaction emerged indicating that those patients with higher pretreatment depression severity exhibited the strongest association between use of BA strategies and depressive symptom improvement. Conclusions Findings suggest the importance of emphasizing the acquisition and regular use of BA strategies with severely depressed patients in short-term psychiatric settings. In contrast, an emphasis on the development of DBT skills and the cultivation of psychological flexibility may prove beneficial for the amelioration of anxiety symptoms.
Do the Micronutrients Zinc and Magnesium Play a Role in Adult Depression

Depression is a widespread disorder that affects more than 120 million people worldwide. The unsatisfactory clinical efficacy and adverse effects of antidepressant medication have prompted the search for novel treatments. Micronutrient deficiencies may play a role in the development of depression, and recent research studies have explored the use of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunct to the pharmacotherapy of this psychiatric illness. This article provides a review of the empirical evidence linking zinc and magnesium deficiency and depression, discusses possible mechanisms of action in the psychopathology and therapy of depression, and explores the nursing and registered dietitian implications of these findings.
Lactate predicts massive transfusion in hemodynamically normal patients.

Abstract Background Trauma patients at risk of deterioration because of occult injury may be hemodynamically normal on arrival. Early identification of these patients may improve care, especially for those who require massive transfusion (MT). We hypothesized that elevated admission lactate would predict the need for MT in hemodynamically normal patients. Materials and methods All trauma patients treated at our university-based urban center over a 5-year period were reviewed. We included hemodynamically normal patients who had an admission lactate performed. First, a receiver-operating curve was used to determine the threshold lactate value. Subsequent analyses were then based on this value. Variables were analyzed using chi-square and unpaired t -tests, and univariable and multivariable regressions. Results There were 3468 hemodynamically normal patients with an admission lactate. Those who received MT ( n = 19) had higher lactate than those who did not ( n = 3449; 5.6 versus 2.6 mmol/L, P ≤ 0.001). Receiver-operating curve curve analysis revealed a threshold lactate value of 4 mmol/L with an area under the curve of 0.71. Patients with a lactate of >4 mmol/L had increased mortality (8% versus 2%), longer hospital length of stay (LOS, 6 versus 3 days), longer intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (6 versus 3 days), greater need for MT (2.8% versus 0.3%), and greater blood requirement (219 versus 38 mL; all P values 4 remained strong (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.87-14.2). Conclusions In hemodynamically normal trauma patients, the admission lactate of >4 mmol/L is a robust predictor of MT requirement and associated with poor outcomes.
A kind of prey-predator system qualitative analysis of functional response

In this paper,we study a kind of prey-predator system of functional response:,.The stability of the equilibrium point is analyzed.The sufficient condition for inexistence of the limited ring is got using the method of function.Using the theory of,the limited ring existence sufficient condition is testified.
A Molecular Dynamics Based Model of the Outward-Facing State and Transport Mechanism of the Human NaCT Homolog Vcindy

VcINDY is a bacterial homolog of the human transporter NaCT, a potential drug target for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. VcINDY is also closely structurally related to the transporter MtrF, which is thought to confer drug resistance to the pathogen that causes gonorrhea. Unlike NaCT, high-resolution crystal structures of VcINDY and MtrF have been solved, but both structures are in inward-facing (IF) states. In this work, we have generated a fully atomistic model of the unknown outward-facing (OF) state of VcINDY embedded stably in a membrane, and we have used this model to structurally characterize a refined transition pathway between the IF and OF states. The conformational differences between the states are experimentally validatable using FRET or DEER measurements, and we have used the OF model to suggest specific cross-link sites to trap VcINDY in an OF state for crystallization. In a new approach, we generated the OF model in the context of a membrane by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to indirectly swap the conformations of the inverted repeats that make up VcINDY. This approach has the immediate benefits of generating a physically stable model and laying the groundwork required to structurally and thermodynamically characterize the full transport cycle of VcINDY. To elucidate the structural transition pathway between the IF and OF states, we used bias-exchange umbrella sampling (BEUS) and the string method with swarms of trajectories (SMwST). Such dynamic structural investigation and further thermodynamic characterization will provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of the biomedically compelling transporters NaCT and MtrF and related proteins, including the other members of the mammalian SLC13 family of transporters and the ∼13,000 members of the AbgT family of transporters.
Patterns of Regional Change

Civil rights agitation produced diverse outcomes across southern localities and against different targets. Sit-in protests in Greensboro ended segregated seating at the downtown lunch counters after several months of struggle. Activists won public school desegregation in Atlanta with relative ease compared to the protracted struggle in New Orleans against significant white countermobilization, although in both localities, despite the different paths taken, only token changes in the public schools were achieved. Voter registration drives in Atlanta successfully expanded black voter registration, whereas similar activities in Greenwood met with stunning defeat. In sum, the case studies in the preceding chapter elucidate how the exposure of targets to specific combinations of disruption and concession costs shaped their responses to movement mobilization. They document the pattern of sectoral variation in the exposure of economic actors to movement disruption costs and explicate the constellations of third parties that intervened to shape movement-target interactions. While case studies depict specific targets weighing their cost exposure and responding accordingly, they are less useful for assessing the robustness of this relationship. Further, although social movements are often discussed as if they were unitary entities, they encompass disparate bundles of demands and tactics. I suggest that each bundle necessarily imposes distinctive combinations of disruption and concession costs on targets and third parties that, in turn, shape their behavior. In the case of civil rights, the movement sought in particular to desegregate southern society and win political rights denied under Jim Crow.
Resected small cell lung cancer-time for more?

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) often presents with either regional or systemic metastases, but approximately 4% of patients present with a solitary pulmonary nodule. Surgical resection can be an option for these patients and is endorsed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. There are no prospective randomized clinical trials evaluating the role of adjuvant systemic therapy in these resected SCLC patients. A recent National Cancer Database analysis found that the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy alone [hazard ratio (HR), 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63–0.95] or with brain radiation (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.36–0.75) was associated with significantly improved survival as compared to surgery alone. As it is unlikely that a randomized prospective clinical trial addressing this question will be completed, these data should assist with decision making in these patients.
Assessment of supply chain readiness for transformation

In the era of accelerated change and increased competitiveness, readiness for transformation of supply chains is an important factor for their success. Understanding the significance of different improvement areas in the supply chain and the interactions among these areas is critical for successful transformation. This paper proposes a framework to assess supply chain readiness for transformation. The proposed framework consists of five main steps: identification, measurement, prioritisation, testing and implementation, and monitoring and control. The readiness factors are divided into two main categories: leading indicators (supplier, people, process, technology, leadership, and environment) and lagging indicators (customer and financial). The proposed framework is elucidated with an illustration and a case study from a high-end server manufacturing supply chain. Simulation-based analysis is conducted to test the improvement strategies before their implementation.
Association of education & lifestyle factors with the perception of genetic knowledge on the development of lung cancer.

Background & objectives: The perception of genetic knowledge is useful for improving the heath behaviour change against developing cancers. However, no studies have investigated the perception of genetic knowledge on the development of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to examine demographic and lifestyle factors of the perception of genetic knowledge on the development of lung cancer. Methods: Data on 2,295 US adults (739 had the perception of genetic knowledge) were taken from the 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate potential factors of the perception of genetic knowledge of lung cancer. Results: Participants aged ≥65 yr were more likely to have the perception of genetic knowledge than those aged 18-44 yr (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.27-2.46). Higher education was associated with a greater perception of genetic knowledge (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.16-1.87). Subjects with correct smoking attitude were more than three times more likely to have the perception of genetic knowledge (OR=3.15, 95% CI=2.10-4.72). Subjects with exercise were at an increased likelihood of having the perception of genetic knowledge than those without exercise (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.24-2.13). Interpretation & conclusions: Positive associations were observed between education and lifestyle factors and the perception of genetic knowledge on the development of lung cancer among US adults. Strategies developed to improve the perception of genetic knowledge of lung cancer may target on individuals who are young, less educated, and lack correct smoking attitude or exercise.
Multi-objective design optimization for flexible hybrid electronics

Flexible systems that can conform to any shape are desirable for wearable applications. Over the past decade, there have been tremendous advances in the domain of flexible electronics which enabled printing of devices, such as sensors on a flexible substrate. Despite these advances, pure flexible electronics systems are limited by poor performance and large feature sizes. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) is an emerging technology which addresses these issues by integrating high performance rigid integrated circuits and flexible devices. Yet, there are no system-level design flows and algorithms for the design of FHE systems. To this end, this paper presents a multi-objective design algorithm to implement a target application optimally using a library of rigid and flexible components. Our algorithm produces a set of Pareto frontiers that optimize the physical flexibility, energy per operation and area metrics. Simulation studies show a 32× range in area and 4× range in flexibility across the set of Pareto-optimal design points.
Sexual function changes during pregnancy

We describe changes in sexual activity and function among pregnant nulliparous women. This secondary analysis evaluated sexual activity and function with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) at baseline in the first (T1), second (T2) and early third (T3) trimester. Evaluation was repeated in T3 after 36 completed weeks of gestation. Data were assigned to the trimester in which they were collected and compared across trimesters. FSFI items were dichotomized into favorable and unfavorable responses. ANOVA and logistic regression models were used to compare values across trimesters, taking into account repeated measurements. Pair-wise comparisons of trimesters were done when there were significant overall differences. Significance was set at p 0.05) and the proportions of women with a favorable response decreased for all questions between T2 and T3. As pregnancy progresses, women report poorer sexual function.
A Defect in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment of ERdj4GT/GT Mice Impacts B Cell Development

Abstract 3463 ERdj4 is a critical component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that facilitates the removal of unfolded/misfolded substrates from the ER lumen for proteasomal degradation. Since previous studies have linked the UPR to B lymphopoiesis [Reimold, A.M. et al., Nature, 2001; Zhang, K. et al., JCI, 2005], we hypothesized that a deficiency in ERdj4 would impact B cell development. The ERdj4 allele was disrupted by a gene trap leading to hypomorphic expression of ERdj4 in mice homozygous for the gene trap allele (ERdj4GT/GT). Pro-B, pre-B, immature, and mature B cell populations were significantly reduced in the bone marrow of ERdj4GT/GT mice, which was associated with an increase in pro-B cell death. ERdj4GT/GT donor cells transplanted into ERdj4+/+ recipients rescued all stages of B cell development, implicating a defect in the bone marrow microenvironment. Osteoblasts support B cell development through VCAM-1, SDF-1 and IL-7 signaling [Visnjic, D. et al., Blood, 2004; Zhu, J. et al., Blood, 2007]; coincidently, the UPR is essential for osteoblast differentiation [Tohmonda, T. et al., EMBO, 2011; Wei, J. et al., J Cell Physiol, 2008]. ERdj4 deficiency in primary bone cells was associated with increased ER stress. Osteoblast-specific markers and the B cell growth factor SDF-1 was also significantly reduced in primary ERdj4GT/GT bone cells. Importantly, osteoblasts were reduced in femur tissue sections of ERdj4GT/GT mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the loss of ERdj4 in osteoblasts is associated with a defect in B lymphopoiesis. This research was supported by the NHLBI (HL103923 and HL086492). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Exploring Ethical Judgment

This article suggests a move away from the two most popular moral philosophies for making ethical judgments. Replacing these philosophies is an approach that considers the specifics of the situation, including history, time, and context, societal/governmental expectations, capitalistic objectives of the firm, and most important, the mission of ethics, which is designed to improve the lives of stakeholders.
Accelerating multiple replica molecular dynamics simulations using the Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor

AbstractWe investigate the performance increase provided by the Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor in multiple replica molecular dynamics applications using a novel parallelisation scheme. The benefits of the proposed parallelisation scheme are demonstrated by glycine in water, a system of significant interest in the crystallisation simulation community. The molecular dynamics (MD) engine consists of initially serial LAMMPS and NAMD subroutines, and is subsequently modified and parallelised using a heterogeneous programming model, where each MPI rank is paired with a unique Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor and CPU socket. The MD engine is parallelised using an OpenMP atom domain decomposition algorithm on the Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor and OpenMP task parallelism on the host CPU socket. Using nodes with two Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessors, one per socket, we demonstrate that a factor of five reduction in the required computational resources is achieved per replica with the coprocessor, when compared against employi...