cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intellectual outcome in children with maple syrup urine disease

We report a controlled study of intellectual outcome in 16 children with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) that compares the outcome of MSUD diagnosed after symptoms became apparent with that of MSUD diagnosed prospectively and in unaffected siblings and parents. The mean IQ (±SD) score in the children with classic MSUD was 78±24; however, there were two discrete groups: one with normal IQ (>84) whose MSUD had been diagnosed at a mean age of 3.5 days and a second group, with IQ below normal, whose MSUD was diagnosed at a mean of 10 days of age. Affected children treated presymptomatically had higher IQ scores than their affected siblings treated when their disease was symptomatic. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the important influences on IQ were age at the time of diagnosis and long-term metabolic control; control at the time of testing also might have affected performance. The mean score of unaffected siblings was 92±5 and the mean parental IQ was 83±9. The mean IQ scores of children with variant MSUD, 97±4, was similar to that of their parents, 103±6. This study was not longitudinal and thus could not identify subtie developmental learning problems. We conclude that early and meticulous treatment of MSUD can result in intellectually normal children.
Optimal Design Strategy of Switching Converters Employing Current in jected Control

This paper analyzes a buck/boost regulator employing current-injected control (CIC). It reveals the complex interactions between the dc loop and the current-injected loop and underlines the fundamental principle that governs the loop gain determination. Three commonly used compensation techniques are compared. The integral and lead/lag compensation are shown to be most desirable for performance optimization and stability.
Coincident classic hemophilia and "idiopathic" thrombocytopenic purpura in patients under treatment with concentrates of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII).

Home treatment of classic hemophilia with lyophilized concentrates of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) is now widely practiced. We studied a syndrome resembling chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in five patients with severe classic hemophilia who were receiving such therapy. Laboratory studies are summarized in Tables 1 through 3. The presence of increased amounts of platelet-associated IgG, the favorable response in four patients treated with prednisone, and remission after splenectomy in one patient all suggest that the patients' disorder resembled idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. In addition, studies in four patients demonstrated evidence of impaired cell-mediated immunity in three. Case Reports Patient 1 A 21-year-old . . .
p21-activated kinase 1 phosphorylates and regulates 14-3-3 binding to GEF-H1, a microtubule-localized Rho exchange factor.

GEF-H1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho whose activity is regulated through a cycle of microtubule binding and release. Here we identify a region in the carboxyl terminus of GEF-H1 that is important for suppression of its guanine nucleotide exchange activity by microtubules. This portion of the protein includes a coiled-coil motif, a proline-rich motif that may interact with Src homology 3 domain-containing proteins, and a potential binding site for 14-3-3 proteins. We identify GEF-H1 as a binding target and substrate for p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), an effector of Rac and Cdc42 GTPases, using an affinity-based screen and localize a PAK1 phosphorylation site to the inhibitory carboxylterminal region of GEF-H1. We show that phosphorylation of GEF-H1 at Ser885 by PAK1 induces 14-3-3 binding to the exchange factor and relocation of 14-3-3 to microtubules. Phosphorylation of GEF-H1 by PAK may be involved in regulation of GEF-H1 activity and may serve to coordinate Rho-, Rac-, and Cdc42-mediated signaling pathways.
Intraabdominal hemorrhage during combined coronary artery bypass and carotid endarterectomy

Intraabdominal complications during cardiopulmonary bypass are extremely rare, with an incidence of less than 1% in multiple retrospective studies. These complications are associated with a high mortality, and their rapid diagnosis is critical to the outcome of the patient. We present a case of spontaneous intraabdominal hemorrhage after combined carotid endarterectomy and four-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, which was diagnosed through a diaphragmatic window.
Particle beam interactions with plasmas and their application to inertial fusion

Present day target designs indicate that particle beams with 1-10 MJ and 100-500 TW, focused to intensities around 100 TW/cm2 will be required to ignite targets with gains of 10-100. Due to uncertainties about the symmetry and stability of the implosion, these requirements may change by as much as an order of magnitude as more is learned. The particle beams will interact with target plasmas which have temperatures of several hundred electron volts and densities up to solid density. Under these conditions the main energy-loss mechanism is collisional, however, in the case of electrons, the orbits can be substantially altered by electric and magnetic fields. Experiments with thin foils have measured energy deposition enhancement by a factor of 5-10 with foils mounted in the anode, and by a factor of 20 or more with foils mounted on a stalk extending into the diode.
Effects of 2.45‐GHz microwave radiation on embryonic quail hearts

Although exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic radiation has been reported to cause a variety of systemic alterations during embryonic development, there are few reports of the induction of specific physiology or morphologic changes in the myocardium. This study was designed to examine the effects of microwave radiation on cardiogenesis in Japanese quail embryos exposed during the first eight days of development to 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwaves at power densities of 5 or 20 mW/cm2. The specific absorption rates were 4.0 and 16.2 mW/g, respectively. The ambient temperature for each exposure was set to maintain the embryonated eggs at 37.5 degree C. This did not preclude thermal gradients in the irradiated embryos since microwaves may not uniformly absorbed. The test exposure levels did not induce changes in either the morphology of the embryonic heart or the ultrastructure of the myocardial cells. Analysis of the enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase failed to reveal any statistically significant differences between the nonexposed controls and those groups exposed to either 5 or 20 mW/cm2. The data indicate that 2.45-GHz microwave radiation at 5 or 20 mW/cm2 has no effect on the measured variables of the Japanese quail myocardium exposed during the first eight days of development.
Red cell acetylcholinesterase deficiency in autoimmune hemolytic anemia and in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglo binuria

Abstract Red cell acetylcholinesterase activity was determined in ten patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Significantly reduced levels were found in only one individual. Separation of the red cells of this patient into sequential fractions of increasing density (age) revealed an abnormally rapid decline in enzyme activity and reticulocyte concentration from the lighter (younger) to the heavier (older) cells. These findings are contrasted with the slow decline in activity of separated normal red cells and with the characteristic dissociation of acetylcholinesterase activity and reticulocyte content in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Rules of motor innervation in chick embryos with supernumerary limbs.

The positions of motoneurons supplying individual muscles in chick embryos with grafted supernumerary limbs have been identified using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. For a given muscle, motor pool location varied depending on the embryonic origin of the muscle, the position of the limb along the rostrocaudal axis of the body, and the limb's orientation with respect to the body wall. Limb muscles derived from the ventral part of the embryonic premuscle mass were always innervated by medially located motoneurons. Muscles derived from the dorsal portion were consistently innervated by motoneurons in either intermediate or far lateral positions. These relationships were invariant with changes in limb position and orientation. These findings indicate that motor axons can recognize and selectively innervate muscles derived from either dorsal or ventral muscle mass. In addition, the spinal nerves innervating each limb were identified. The type of limb plexus (e.g., crural, sciatic, or wing) and the peripheral branching patterns of the nerves within the limbs were also studied and found to be controlled by the limbs. The rostrocaudal variation in motor pool position similarly depended on the position and orientation of the limb. This rostrocaudal variation in motor pool position can be explained by the limb's ability to determine axonal outgrowth pathways and hence to constrain the possible target choices of outgrowing axons. The process of limb innervation involves interactions between motoneuron axons having intrinsic differences or specificities, and the character of the local environment of the limb into which they grow.
A Feminist Search for Love: Emma Goldman on the Politics of Marriage, Love, Sexuality and the Feminine

This article explores the life and work of Emma Goldman to formulate a radical critique of intimacy. Goldman’s theory of sexual freedom and revolutionary love offers a feminist vision that challenges contemporary debates concerning uses of the language of feminine desire. Goldman appealed to ideals of feminine instinct and feminine desire in order to challenge the conventional meanings attached to femininity in her day. Her views on marriage, love, sexuality and the feminine are analysed alongside her writings on her own personal experience, in order to illuminate the continuing paradoxes feminists face in regard to definitions and experiencesof femininity.
Management of penetrating colon trauma: a cost-utility analysis.

Abstract Background: Management of penetrating colon injuries in the presence of multiple associated risk factors is controversial. Issues not considered in previous management strategies are patient perception of quality of life with a colostomy and the true cost of each therapeutic option, which includes colostomy supplies and costs of colostomy takedown. To evaluate these issues, we performed a cost-utility analysis. Methods: We constructed a decision tree with 3 options: primary repair, resection and anastomosis, and colostomy. Chance and decision nodes on each decision branch represent injury severity, complications, colostomy takedown, and death. Chance node frequencies and utility assignments were taken from published data. We obtained actual costs for all components of perioperative care. The outcomes reported are cost and quality of life. Results: Colostomy has the least quality of life and the greatest cost. Primary repair and resection each dominate colostomy in the baseline analysis. No variable significantly altered these conclusions in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Simple suture or resection and anastomosis at the time of initial exploration is the dominant management method for penetrating colon trauma. It also demonstrates the trade-off between cost and life expectancy of the 3 management options. (Surgery 1999;125:471-9.)
DrHJ: the cure to your multicore programming woes

DrHJ extends DrJava with support for the pedagogic Habanero-Java language derived from X10, and used to teach parallel programming at the sophomore level. The demonstration will show how a rich and powerful set of parallel programming capabilities can be easily introduced to anyone familiar with the basics of sequential programming in Java.
A Duplication in Chromosome 4q35 Is Associated with Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by elevated epithelial plaques on the ocular and oral mucous membranes. It has been reported primarily, but not exclusively, in individuals of American Indian heritage in North Carolina. We have examined and obtained DNA on two large families affected by HBID. Using genetic linkage analysis we have localized the HBID gene to chromosome 4 (4q35) with a peak LOD score of 8.97. Molecular analysis of these data reveals that all individuals affected with HBID in both families demonstrate the presence of three alleles for two tightly linked markers, D4S1652 and D4S2390, which map to the telomeric region of 4q35. This suggests the presence of a duplication segregating with the disease phenotype that is most likely involved in its causation.
Neuritic growth and neuroma formation by an isolated molluscan ganglion

The isolated, paired buccal ganglia of the snail Helisoma trivolvis were cultured in vivo (i.e., in host snails) for periods up to 377 days. Such ganglia typically become enveloped in a white mass of fibrous tissue which reaches a maximum plateau of size within four weeks. The scanning electron microscope revealed the newly formed tissue to be composed of fine fibers which also pervaded the neuropil. Injection of individual neurons with Lucifer Yellow CH filled many new neurites within the tissue mass. It is concluded that these masses are largely of neuronal origin and they are therefore designated as neuromas. The maximum size of neuromas may be limited by intrinsic mechanisms which limit neuronal volume.
Subtypes of aggressive conduct disorder

The subjects were 46 boys with aggressive conduct disorder who were admitted to a psychiatric ward. We divided them according to level of activity and number of antisocial "symptoms"; then compared the resulting groups on clinical and social variables. Seventy-four per cent of the boys were observed to be hyperactive. Compared to those with a normal level of activity, this group developed their problems earlier, had more frequent speech and language deficits and came from more disrupted homes. Thirty boys were classed as antisocial and 16 as not. The former differed from the latter chiefly in their failure to respond to treatment. At follow-up significantly more non-antisocial boys were improved than antisocial. The results suggest that antisocial behavior affects outcome, while the variations in activity level are related to different origins of the disorder.
Reliability and validity of a new scale to measure prejudice: The GRISMS

The goal of the present research was to assess the reliability and validity of the fiftyitem Modified Godfrey-Richman ISM Scale (M-GRISMS). The sample consisted of seventy-one female and sixty male introductory psychology students. Test items included various ethnic groups (Racism subscale), religious groups (Religion subscale), and the Heterosexist and Sexist subscales. Each of these was parsed into various subcategories, e.g., the Racism subscale assessed attitudes toward African-Americans, Asian-Americans, European-Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. The final version of the M-GRISMS (the M-GRISMS-M) was found to be highly reliable and valid. Eight independent factors traversed two or more “isms.”
Avoidance behaviour of young black ducks treated with chromium.

Abstract Pairs of adult black ducks (Anas rubripes) were fed a diet containing 0, 20, or 200 ppm chromium in the form of chromium potassium sulfate. Ducklings from these pairs were fed the same diets as adults and were tested for their avoidance responses to a fright stimulus. Neither level of chromium had a significant effect on avoidance behavior.
CD36 and Fyn kinase mediate malaria-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

Severe malaria can trigger acute lung injury characterized by pulmonary edema resulting from increased endothelial permeability. However, the mechanism through which lung fluid conductance is altered during malaria remains unclear. To define the role that the scavenger receptor CD36 may play in mediating this response, C57BL/6J (WT) and CD36−/− mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and monitored for changes in pulmonary endothelial barrier function employing an isolated perfused lung system. WT lungs demonstrated a >10-fold increase in two measures of paracellular fluid conductance and a decrease in the albumin reflection coefficient (σalb) compared to control lungs indicating a loss of barrier function. In contrast, malaria-infected CD36−/− mice had near normal fluid conductance but a similar reduction in σalb. In WT mice, lung sequestered iRBCs demonstrated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To determine whether knockout of CD36 could protect against ROS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, mouse lung microvascular endothelial monolayers (MLMVEC) from WT and CD36−/− mice were exposed to H2O2. Unlike WT monolayers, which showed dose-dependent decreases in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) from H2O2 indicating loss of barrier function, CD36−/− MLMVEC demonstrated dose-dependent increases in TER. The differences between responses in WT and CD36−/− endothelial cells correlated with important differences in the intracellular compartmentalization of the CD36-associated Fyn kinase. Malaria infection increased total lung Fyn levels in CD36−/− lungs compared to WT, but this increase was due to elevated production of the inactive form of Fyn further suggesting a dysregulation of Fyn-mediated signaling. The importance of Fyn in CD36-dependent endothelial signaling was confirmed using in vitro Fyn knockdown as well as Fyn−/− mice, which were also protected from H2O2- and malaria-induced lung endothelial leak, respectively. Our results demonstrate that CD36 and Fyn kinase are critical mediators of the increased lung endothelial fluid conductance caused by malaria infection.
Comparative evaluation of political candidates: Implications for the voter decision‐making process

This study examines the nature of comparative political candidate evaluation. While the traditional view advocates a unitary voter decision‐making process, with one candidate compared to another using a general standard criterion for candidate acceptability, this research looked at the possibility of multiple criteria unique to each candidate as part of the evaluative process. The results of the study supported the idea of unique criteria being employed in the evaluation of each individual candidate, suggesting a more complex model of voting behavior than the traditional view heretofore has advanced
Testing Benford's Law for improving supply chain decision-making: A field experiment

Abstract Supply chain managers must often trust data reported from suppliers to make decisions about sourcing and product reliability due to the costs or complexity of implementing traditional monitoring systems. Without some form of monitoring, these types of data are vulnerable to manipulation, thus making their suitability for decision-making ambiguous and creating an opportunity for ‘supplier opportunism’. Recent practitioner literature suggests one solution to this problem they refer to as ‘trust-but-verify’. The purpose of this empirical study is to scientifically examine the feasibility and cost of implementing one ‘trust-but-verify’ method in a real-world supply chain using a principle called Benford's Law. The results of this two-year study suggest that the technique is feasible and cost effective in identifying supply chain data that have been intentionally manipulated. This finding can allow supply chain managers to segregate suspect data from decision-making until they can be validated and thus mitigate supplier opportunism.
Structure and magnetism of Coa(1−x)MnaxGeb epitaxial films

Abstract The structural and magnetic phase diagrams of Coa(1−x)MnaxGeb epitaxial films near the composition of Heusler alloy Co2MnGe have been studied using combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Epitaxial growth on Ge (1 1 1) has been stabilized over nearly the entire composition range of the ternary system. Epitaxial constraints play an important role for the small number of observed structural phases. The variety of high-temperature magnetic properties, and the structural and chemical compatibilities with group IV elements make the ternary system promising for the science and applications of spintronics.
CT artifacts in virtual colonoscopy

A phantom representation of typical colon structures with precisely known geometrical measurements was designed and fabricated. Computed tomography (CT) data were collected using a range of protocols typical for spiral CT colonography. Analysis methods were developed to measure the acquired geometry of the phantom data and characterize distortions/degradation. Simple models were proposed to explain the trends in degradation in the acquisition process versus scanner protocol. Preliminary results indicate that degradation due to CT acquisition will not significantly impact the detection of clinically relevant lesions (dimensions greater than 1 cm). However, the CT acquisition process does place a lower limit on detection size of several millimeters.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Divergent effects of adrenocorticotropin and melanotropin on isolated rat and rabbit adipocytes.

The stimulation of lipolysis in isolated rat and rabbit fat cells by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and α-melanotropin has been studied. The concentration of α-melanotropin required for half maximal stimulation is 0.23 times that of ACTH in rabbit adipocytes but as high as 1140 times that of ACTH in rat fat cells. Chemical modification of the tryptophan residue in ACTH and melanotropin resulted in a loss of lipolytic activity in rat adipocytes and an increase in lipolytic potency in rabbit fat cells. These differences between rat and rabbit fat cells were evident when stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis was measured in isolated cells or ghosts. The results are discussed in terms of the difference in the hormone receptors of the fat cells of the two species.
Formation of isohaemagglutinins in the marmoset, Tamarinus nigricollis.

THE small South American primates of the Hapalidae family, the marmosets, are unique in that twin births are an almost consistent occurrence1. This twinning phenomenon further is unusual in that all twins appear to be fraternal, and placental vascular anastomoses result in haematopoietic chimerism of the young. Blood chimerism in adult male and female marmosets has been demonstrated by sex-chromosome analyses of cells in metaphase and also by examination of peripheral blood leucocytes for the drumstick-bearing neutrophils2,3. Sex-chromosome analysis of lymph node, spleen and bone marrow cells has also revealed chimerism: thus all haematopoietic tissues are involved3. Erythrocyte chimerism, although presumed to exist, has not yet been demonstrated owing to the unavailability of blood-grouping reagents in this species. Although previous investigations have indicated the presence of human A- and B-like antigens on the marmoset red cells, differences among marmosets of these human blood group substances are not apparent4–6. Tests for naturally occurring isohaemagglutinins in these animals have thus far been negative. The natural blood chimerism assumed to exist in all marmosets because of the twinning phenomenon would appear to preclude or make exceedingly difficult successful red cell isoimmunizations since both donor and recipient could conceivably have two (or more) major genetically distinct blood-group antigens. In a random-bred colony without any breeding records, therefore, the prior knowledge of chimerism in any one animal (as determined by sex-chromosome analysis) could be of considerable value. Thus, if on the basis of sex-chromosome analysis one could find an animal that is definitely a heterosexual chimera, yet in only a small proportion (10–20 per cent), its red cells would be more desirable for immunization purposes in making specific reagents than those of an animal with a relatively high degree of chimerism, or one in which the degree of chimerism is not known. This procedure would have merit only if the degree of chimerism as determined by sex-chromosome analysis of dividing white cells is also representative of the chimerism of the erythropoietic system, an assumption that must be made until evidence shows otherwise. In an analysis of the dividing white cells of the peripheral blood of twenty-six marmosets found to be heterosexual chimeras, two male animals had 12 per cent (No. 21-11-5) and 18 per cent (No. 21-1-1) chimerism of female cells, the lowest observed in our colony. These were then used as red-cell donors for isoimmunizations.
Elastic Scattering of Photons by Tantalum

Results are described of a measurement of the differential cross section at 120 for the elastic scattering of photons by tantalum. The experimental cross section as a function of energy is in better agreement with the result calculated from the tengor expression than that obtained assuming a scalar polarizability. This tends to confirm the spatial correlation of the dipole polarizability for a deformed nucleus. (T.B.A.)
Abdominal wall recurrence after colorectal resection for cancer.

PURPOSE: Disease recurrence in the abdominal wall from a primary colorectal cancer is a poorly studied and little understood phenomenon that has received renewed attention after the recognition of port site metastases in patients after laparoscopic colorectal resections. The purpose of the present study was to define the clinical, pathologic, and management issues in patients with abdominal wall metastases from colorectal cancer. METHODS: Patients presenting to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer were entered into a prospective database beginning in 1986. Review of this database showed that 31 patients presenting with recurrent disease in the abdominal wall were managed surgically at the institution between 1986 and 1998. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients (19 males) with a median age of 67 (range, 45–86) years presented with recurrent disease between 7 and 183 (median, 24) months after primary surgery. Primary tumors were located in the right colon in 17 patients, left colon in 2 patients, sigmoid colon in 7 patients, and rectum in 3 patients. Nineteen percent of primary tumors were perforated, 45 percent were poorly differentiated, 92 percent were transmural (T3 or T4), and 51 percent had lymph node metastases at presentation. Twenty-two patients presented with a symptomatic abdominal wall mass, whereas recurrence in the abdominal wall was found incidentally in 9 patients undergoing laparotomy. Four patients had isolated abdominal wall disease, whereas the remaining 27 were found to have associated intra-abdominal disease. Six patients who were left with residual intra-abdominal cancer after abdominal wall resection had a median survival time of four months. Twenty-five patients underwent a histologically complete resection of recurrence restricted to the abdominal wall alone (n=4; median survival time, 18 months), abdominal wall and in continuity resection of adherent viscera (n=15; median survival time, 12.5 months), or resection of abdominal wall and intra-abdominal recurrence at a distant site (n=6; median survival time, 22 months, although only 1 patient remained alive with disease). The actual two-year and five-year disease-free survival rates were 16 and 3 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Abdominal wall metastases are often indicators of recurrent intra-abdominal cancer; however, aggressive resection in patients with disease restricted to the abdominal wall and associated adherent viscera can result in local disease control with little morbidity and no mortality.
A rapid liquid chromatographic determination of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in subgram amounts of tissue☆

Abstract A method is described for extraction and chromatographic determination of S -adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S -adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) from 1 g of tissue or less. Tissues are extracted by homogenization in 5% sulfosalicylic acid. Extracts are clarified by centrifugation and filtration and applied directly to a VYDAC cation-exchange column. Elution of the column with an ammonium formate gradient resolves SAM and SAH from other components. Livers of ethionine-treated mice are shown to accumulate large quantities of S -adenosylethionine while SAH decreases, indicative of reduced transalkylation.
A nonlinear computer analysis of biaxially loaded L-shaped slender reinforced concrete columns

Abstract A numerical analysis was developed to evaluate the complete load-deflection and moment-curvature relationships for square and L-shaped slender reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial bending and axial load. This computer model can be used for any cross section geometry and material properties of normal concrete. The analysis was based on a deformation control and both the ascending and descending branches of curves can be studied. The finite difference method was introduced to calculate the deflections which satisfy the compatibility equations. Six square slender columns and eight L-shaped slender columns were tested to compare their experimental load-deformation results with the analytical results derived from the theoretical studies. A satisfactory agreement was achieved for the present study.
Bedside optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasound for the evaluation of suspected pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in the emergency department

To determine the feasibility and test characteristics of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by ocular ultrasound as a screening tool for ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) failure. Prospective observational study using a convenience sample of children 6 months to 18 years of age, presenting to an academic pediatric emergency department for evaluation of possible VPS failure between September 2008 and March 2009. ONSD was measured by anterior transbulbar and lateral transbulbar techniques. Mean ONSD was compared between subjects with and without shunt failure, as determined by neurosurgical decision to operate. A total of 39 encounters were completed, including 20 VPS failures. The mean ONSD was 4.5 ± 0.9 and 5.0 ± 0.6 mm among encounters with and without shunt failure (p = 0.03), respectively. The mean ONSD was not statistically different when obtained by the anterior transbulbar vs. the lateral transbulbar approach (4.8 ± 1.0 vs. 4.7 ± 0.8 mm, p = 0.12). ONSD ultrasound had a sensitivity of 61.1 % (95 % CI 35.7–82.7) and specificity of 22.2 % (95 % CI 6.4–47.6 %) for detecting shunt failure in this sample. ONSD ultrasound does not appear to be a useful primary screening tool in emergency department evaluation of VPS failure. There was no difference between the anterior transbulbar approach and the lateral transbulbar approach. Children with VPS in our sample have larger ONSD measurements than in previously reported studies.
Intramolecular variations in chain molecular fluid structure

Abstract Molecular Dynamics simulations have been performed for 5-site chains mixed with single site spheres. Two separate simulations were performed at each set of conditions first with a repulsive Weeks-Chandler-Anderson (WGA) potential (Weeks et al. 1971) and then a full Lennard-Jones potential. Constant site density (0.4426 g cm 3 ) and temperature (430 K) were assumed while studying two different concentrations of single site fractions of 0.3330 and 0.9375. The 5-site chains were formed to simulate the united atom model of pentane with σ LJ = 0.3923 nm and ϵ/k = 72 K. The spheres in the mixtures assumed the same values of σ LJ and ϵ/k. The bond lengths in n-pentane were fixed to be 0.153 nm while the bond angles were allowed to vary around 109.47° by a realistic potential. The attractive effects on the mixture system were studied by taking the difference between the full LJ and the repulsive WCA simulation at various concentrations. The results show a strong ‘cooperative attraction’ effect between chains especially at low pentane concentrations. Analysis of this effect in terms of different sites in the chain shows that the chain ends are the key to this phenomenon which is enhanced largely due to chain connectivity. Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) theory was also applied to predict the repulsive potential correlation. Attractive effects were difficult to predict for the mixture system because the RISM method tended to overestimate the magnitude of the attractive effects. An empirical correction to RISM was therefore developed based on the comparison to fluid structures at low density for the pure fluids. With this correction, it is possible to predict the fluid structure with reasonable accuracy for all mixtures.
Electrocatalyst design from first principles: A hydrogen-production catalyst inspired by nature

Abstract Sustainable economic production of hydrogen from water and sunlight is an attractive goal. It requires an active electrocatalyst comprised of earth-abundant elements. Such a catalyst exists in nature, the [FeFe]H cluster in the active site of the di-iron hydrogenase enzymes. To reach the required specific activity within an actual solar hydrogen-production system, the catalytically active site must, figuratively, be stripped from the enzyme, attached to a cathode or photocathode, and immersed in water. Thus modifications of the composition and structure of the cluster are to be found which allow for stable attachment to the electrode surface and for maintenance of its integrity and activity throughout the H2-producing cycle in an environment drastically different from that in the enzyme. We have addressed that problem by simulating the behavior of model clusters by first-principles electronic-structure and molecular-dynamics simulations. We review our studies, first of the [FeFe]H cluster in vacuum; next of the [FeFe]H cluster in water; then of a systematic sequence of modifications which culminates with the design of the successful phosphorous-substituted [FeFe]P cluster; and, finally, an investigation of the H2 producing cycle of [FeFe]P. We then discuss the limitations of our results and conclude with a brief consideration of future directions.
MORPHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF A LEAFLESS MUTANT IN TOMATO I. GENERAL PATTERNS IN DEVELOPMENT

A B S T R A C T The embryo of the reduced form of the lanceolate mutant in tomato fails to undergo the heartshaped stage of development. Cells in the shoot apical region of this leafless mutant lose their meristematic character and develop into mature parenchyma during embryogenesis. This early loss of meristem tissue leads to the determinate growth which is evident in the seedling. In contrast to normal, starch grains are visible with the light microscope in cells of the shoot tip of the mutant hypocotyl from early embryogeny up to and including the seedling stage, and protein bodies are abundant in the same tissue of fully developed mutant embryos. The shoot apical region in homozygous mutant embryos with cotyledons or cotyledon-like structures exhibits some cytochemical and morphological similarity with the normal shoot apex. Morphological variation in these forms appears to be in a continuous pattern. The extent of their development and consequent longevity is related to possible differences in rates of cell expansion and variation in environmental factors during the early stages of embryogenesis. LANCEOLATE is a leaf-shape mutant in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) which results from the action of a single gene in the heterozygous condition. The lanceolate phenotype is characterized by a simple, lanceolate leaf and has been described by Mathan and Jenkins (1962) and Stettler (1964). When the La gene is present in double dosage, the resulting form is variable. The above workers recognized three forms in the homozygous mutant: narrow, with small and extreme lanceolate leaves, weak apical dominance and abortive inflorescences; modified, with a single fleshy cotyledon with or without a bud-like structure at its base; and reduced, a hypocotyl which lacks cotyledons, foliage leaves, and an organized shoot apex. Studies of lanceolate have been primarily biochemical and genetical in nature (Mathan and Cole, 1964; Mathan, 1965a, b) and have centered on the heterozygote, although some interest has been shown in the narrow and reduced forms of the homozygous mutant. Such studies have revealed higher activities of four different oxidative enzymes in the mutants. The enzymes involved are: catalase, laccase, peroxidase and tyrosinase. Some evidence was obtained for a suggested link between gene action and external form when the extreme forms
Mechanistic-Empirical Approach to Assessing Relative Pavement Damage

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the feasibility of using conventional pavement analysis tools to derive mechanistic-empirical load equivalency factors (LEFs) applicable to wheel assemblies and pavement cross-sections not included in the AASHTO guide tables in a manner that would provide seamless continuity with current pavement engineering practices. The derivation of such LEFs was pursued on the assumption that two controversial concepts—namely, load equivalency and linear damage accumulation—were, in fact, valid. The purpose of this assumption is to investigate whether it is possible to reach reasonable conclusions for as long as no theoretically valid alternatives to these concepts are available. It was found that it is possible to reproduce with a reasonable fit the statistical/empirical LEFs found in the AASHTO guide tables, using layered elastic analysis and the fatigue relationship derived by Vesic and Saxena. Other conventional fatigue relationships yield unreliable results when c...
Development of real-time assays for impedance-based detection of microbial double-stranded DNA targets: optimization and data analysis.

Abstract A real-time, label free assay was developed for microbial detection, utilizing double-stranded DNA targets and employing the next generation of an impedimetric sensor array platform designed by Sharp Laboratories of America (SLA). Real-time curves of the impedimetric signal response were obtained at fixed frequency and voltage for target binding to oligonucleotide probes attached to the sensor array surface. Kinetic parameters of these curves were analyzed by the integrated data analysis package for signal quantification. Non-specific binding presented a major challenge for assay development, and required assay optimization. For this, differences were maximized between binding curve kinetic parameters for probes binding to complementary targets versus non-target controls. Variables manipulated for assay optimization included target concentration, hybridization temperature, buffer concentration, and the use of surfactants. Our results showed that (i) different target–probe combinations required optimization of specific sets of variables; (ii) for each assay condition, the optimum range was relatively narrow, and had to be determined empirically; and (iii) outside of the optimum range, the assay could not distinguish between specific and non-specific binding. For each target–probe combination evaluated, conditions resulting in good separation between specific and non-specific binding signals were established, generating high confidence in the SLA impedimetric dsDNA assay results.
SU-GG-T-277: Dosi Metric Comparison of the New Siemens 160 MLC and the Varian Millennium 120 MLC

Purpose: Recent models of multileaf collimators(MLC) have smaller leaf widths and increased target conformality. The new Siemens 160 MLC and the Varian Millennium 120 MLC models both have individual leaf widths of 5 mm projected at isocenter. This study quantifies and compares the physical penumbra and transmission of the Siemens 160 MLC and the Varian 120 MLC for 6 and 10MV photon beams. Method and Materials: Penumbra was measured for 5×5 cm2 and 10×10 cm2field sizes both on‐axis and off‐axis at depths ranging from 0.5 cm to 10 cm depth. Measurements were performed using the new Sun Nuclear Edge™ diode detector in a Scanditronix‐Wellhoffer scanning tank and confirmed with Kodak EDR2 film. The average of interleaf and intraleaf transmission and end leaf transmission were measured with Kodak EDR2 film and confirmed with a 0.6cc farmer type ion chamber. The films were scanned using a Vidar VXR 16‐bit scanner. The penumbra was determined for inplane and crossplane profiles. Results: The average central and off‐axis penumbra was 4.0 mm and 4.9 mm for the Siemens MLC and 4.3 mm and 4.5 mm for the Varian MLC, respectively. The penumbra increases with energy, field size, and depth for both MLC designs. The average of interleaf and intraleaf transmission was determined to be 0.7% for the Siemens MLC and 1.9% for the Varian MLC. End leaf transmission averaged 19.1% for the Siemens MLC and 30.3% for the Varian MLC.Conclusion: The Siemens MLC demonstrates a sharper off‐axis penumbra. while the Varian MLC demonstrates a sharper off‐axis penumbra. Penumbra for the Siemens MLC is on average 0.5 mm sharper on one side of the inplane profile. Due to the design and role of the Siemens MLC as a primary collimator, transmission was less through the Siemens MLC leaves than the Varian MLC.
Religiosity and Work-Related Attitudes Among Paraprofessional and Professional Staff in Assisted Living

ABSTRACT This study assessed relationships between religiosity and work-related attitudes among paraprofessional (N = 182) and professional staff (N = 125) in assisted living. The attitudes examined included job satisfaction, co-worker satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Staff members were selected from 61 facilities in Maryland. Data were collected from staff using self-administered questionnaires. Greater religiosity was associated with higher job satisfaction and greater organizational commitment among paraprofessional staff. When considered together with age, sex, and education, religiosity emerged as a significant predictor of organizational commitment for paraprofessional staff. Since lack of commitment predicts staff turnover, these findings have practical implications for administrators who want to increase staff retention.
Transforming 300 billion points of data into diagnostics, therapeutics and new insights into disease

INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, collaboration between the CPNP Research and Program Committees has resulted in high quality, member-driven research programming at the Annual Meeting. Programming input is requested from all CPNP committees but this collaboration, in particular, has led to the development of focused programming fulfilling a need for members who either work primarily in a research setting or want to keep abreast of the everchanging field of psychopharmacology research. One of the logistical difficulties of this type of collaboration is the CPNP programming timeline. It is not long after the Annual Meeting that the following year's offerings are determined. With the focus of both committees and commitment to excellence in programming, this project has been a great success. The collaboration has led to two-hour tracks of programming ranging from 'Incorporating Health Services Research into Practice' to this past meeting's 'Academic Detailing'. An additional hour of research programming this year focused on drug repurposing/repositioning. Dr. Atul Butte, MD, a bioinformatician and pediatric endocrinologist from Stanford University's School of Medicine, whose lab uses publicly available molecular measurements to find new uses for drugs, presented a lecture entitled, "Transforming 300 Billion Points of Data into Diagnostics, Therapeutics and New Insights into Disease". As the offerings are many at the Annual Meeting, CPNP Program Committee leadership thought a brief review of what was discussed in this lecture was in order for all members.
Progeny Testing and Selection Intensity for Holstein Bulls in Different Countries

International Bull Evaluation Service (Interbull) Holstein evaluations from February 1995 through February 2003 were used to determine characteristics of progeny testing for Holstein bulls in Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Sweden, The Netherlands, and the United States. The decision to graduate a bull from progeny test (PT) was assumed to have been made based on the second Interbull evaluation, and graduation was defined as the addition of 200 daughters in the period 2.5 to 4.5 yr later. Mean bull age at PT decision varied across countries by 12 mo. Mean numbers of herds and daughters ranged from 39 to 111 and 54 to 144, respectively. Countries with higher requirements for official evaluations generally had more herds and daughters but older bulls at PT decision. Mean estimated breeding values for yield traits of sires of tested bulls were most similar across countries for fat, differing by only 6.4 kg. The four countries highest for sire protein differed only by 1 kg; however, the range was 12 kg. Percentages of bulls graduated ranged from 4.4 to 14.7 across countries. Selection intensities (standardized selection differentials) tended to be about 1.0 for yield traits. Selection intensities for somatic cell score were generally unfavorable, reflecting selection for negatively correlated yield traits. Reflecting variation in national breeding goals, selection intensities for stature were positive for most countries and highly negative for New Zealand. Selection intensity for fore udder was generally the lowest among the traits examined. All but one country showed positive selection for udder support. These statistics permit comparison of the components of PT programs across country, illustrating possible opportunities for improvement.
Residential segregation by age in the United States

This map analyzes geographic variation in residential segregation by age in the contiguous United States at Census 2010. We evaluate segregation at the micro-scale between blocks within counties and then examine spatial patterns of segregation by county across the United States using local indicators of spatial autocorrelation. This approach emphasizes local levels of segregation analyzing the extent to which older adults and younger adults reside in the same immediate neighborhood, and it assesses more regional levels of segregation by evaluating spatial clustering. Findings show that the extent of age segregation varies significantly across the contiguous United States. Counties in the Great Plains, in other areas of the Rural West and the Upper Midwest, and in Florida tend to exhibit high segregation, while Appalachia and other areas of the Rural South are generally more integrated.
Stringent Assumptions Necessary For Pore-fluid Estimation

Summary We investigated the sensitivity of several assumptions associated with a new method for predicting pore-fluid type and saturation using seismic amplitudes and rock-property transforms. The method derives regression coefficients for rock-property transforms from well-log curves and then applies the transforms to the near- and far-angle seismic stacks to yield estimates of the normal-incident reflection coefficient (NI). The NI values are then related to watersaturation (Sw). The sensitivity of two assumptions associated with the method is evaluated. The first is that the porosity of the prospect and down-dip reservoir is the same. The second is that the ratio of the far-angle amplitude is scaled properly to the near-angle amplitude during processing. A field example from South Marsh Island (SMI) demonstrates the method and the sensitivity study.