cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Intraatrial Septum Resulting in Right Atrial Inflow Obstruction and Atrial Flutter

Atrial arrhythmias can occasionally be associated with atrial structural abnormalities that may require sophisticated diagnostic imaging for management. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the intraatrial septum is generally considered a benign fatty infiltrative process usually limited to the atrial septum. We present a rare case of lipomatous hypertrophy of the intraatrial septum associated with atrial flutter and right atrial inflow obstruction in which atrial reconstruction alleviated not only the obstruction but also helped control a challenging arrhythmia.
Retracts and retractile subcomplexes

This approach to the proof of (1.1) suggests the question: if the subcomplex A is not a retract of the CW-complex K, when is it also true that SA is not a retract of SK? Using a proof based on (1.2) and (1.3), one can easily show that this is the case when (a) K is contractible. In $4 it will be proved that the CW-pairs (K, A) with the property, A is a retract of K if and only if SA is a retract of SK, also include the cases: (b) each component of A is an H-space; (c) A is m-connected and dim(K\ A) 5 2m + 1.
Micro-determination of clonazepam in plasma or serum by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography.

Abstract A rapid method is described for the electron-capture gas chromatographic determination of clonazepam in plasma or serum using methyl-clonazepam as an internal standard. The analysis is performed isothermally on the silicone stationary phase SP-2510DA (Supelco). With this liquid phase, gas chromatographic properties are comparable to methods involving acid hydrolysis or derivatisation. A short pre-column containing another phase is added to enhance resolution. The method involves a single extraction, requires 100 μl of sample and has a detection limit of 3 nmol/l. Response is linear at concentrations from 5–900 nmol/l and thus clonazepam analysis both during therapy and after overdosage is possible. Plasma and serum clonazepam levels are interchangeable.
Critical Fiber Length for Load Transfer in Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Reinforced Composites

In this paper the load transfer mechanism in a carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymeric composite is considered. It is assumed that the polymer matrix is reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes and that the continuum model with adjustments is valid in estimating the effective properties of the composite. The existing studies contradict each other with respect to effective load transfer between the matrix and the nanotubes. In this study we show that there is a critical CNT length below which the load transfer is not effective. Thus for an effective load transfer the CNT length must exceed a critical length. To determine the critical length we consider a CNT embedded in a polymer matrix. The polymer/CNT interface is modeled as a distinct layer with elastic properties different than those of the CNT and the matrix. The strain energy change due to the inclusion of a CNT in a polymer matrix is then computed for various interphase stiffnesses using the finite element method. The variation of the strain energy per unit fiber length ΔU/L is plotted versus the aspect ratio of the CNT, L/D. It is observed that ΔU/L first increases steeply with L/D and then reaches a plateau. Since the region of constant ΔU/L is associated with uniform stress distribution, we define the critical CNT length as 90% of the asymptotic value of ΔU/L. It is shown that the load transfer is affected by the nature of the interphase. Next, using a dilute solution the effective moduli of the composite are derived for the cases of both hard and soft interphase. The results indicate that the nature of matrix/CNT interface affects the effective moduli of the composite only slightly.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
ANALYSES FOR NONINVASIVE MONITORING OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE BY (I) PHONO CUFF-SPHYGMOMANOMETRY, FOR DISCRETE MEASUREMENTS AND (II) ARTERIAL ULTRASONIC IMAGING, FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS

Analyses are developed for new procedures of (I) noninvasive discrete measurements of the brachial arterial blood pressure by phono cuff-sphygmomanometry (II) noninvasive continuous measurement of arterial blood pressure by arterial ultrasonic imaging. For the phono cuff-sphgmomanometry technique, analyses are developed for the vibration of the fluid-filled cuff-compressed arterial tube and for pressure pulse wave propagation through it, to derive an expression for the corrected brachial arterial pressure in terms of the monitorable auscultatory cuff pressure, the cuff width, the arm size and the principal frequency of the Korotkoff sounds. For the ultrasonic imaging technique, a large defor-mation analysis of the pressurized fluid-filled cylindrical nonlinearly elastic arterial tube is performed, to derive expressions for the arterial pressure and then for the pulse wave velocity (by invoking the distensibility definition) in terms of the arterial tube's nonlinear elasticity parameters (of the strain energy density function), and the unpressurized and deformed tube radii. Monitoring of the arterial radii and the associated pulse velocities at three dif-ferent instants yields, from the pulse wave velocity expression, adequate equations to determine the values of the unpressurized arterial tube radii and its elasticity parameters; they are substituted in the arterial pressure expression, to yield the arterial pressure continuously in terms of the continuously ultra-sonically monitorable arterial diameter.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The oxidation behavior of an ODS copper alloy Cu-Al2O3

The oxidation behavior of Glidcop AL-15 (Cu-O.3 wt.% Al2O3), an ODS copper alloy of interest for aerospace structural application, was investigated by oxidation and two-step oxidation in a TGA. The results were compared with the oxidation kinetics of pure Cu and two other aerospace Cu alloys, GRCop-84 (Cu-8Cr-4Nb) and NARloy-Z (Cu-3Ag-O.5Zr). AL-15 exhibited the lowest oxidation rate from 500 to 650°C. The superiority in oxidation resistance is thought to result from the Al2O3, and the two-step oxidation results suggest the Al2O3 dissolves in the oxide scale, perhaps creating charge and stress fields that suppress oxidation by retarding the Cu diffusion rate.
Achondroplastic, brachymorphic and stubby chondrodystrophies in mice

Abstract Histological and radiographic changes were investigated in three strains of mice which manifested a spectrum of degree and type of chondrodystrophy as recessive mutations. The achondroplastic strain ( cn cn ) was the most affected in terms of growth disturbance, while the stubby ( stb stb ) was the least affected. Brachymorphic growth disturbance was intermediate between the other two and appeared to be quite different histologically. In abnormal animals and their normal littermates radiographs of whole bodies, individual limbs, tails, and heads sectioned sagitally were examined for aspects of abnormal growth, with particular emphasis on the skull, for evidence of disturbed cranio-facial development. The base of the skull cranial sutures, nasal complex and tail vertebrae were examined histologically, mostly in the parasagittal plane. In cn cn and bm bm the otic capsule was at a different angle to the base of the skull. Limbs and tail vertebrae were disproportionately shortened to degrees varying with each of the three strains. Histologically, the basisphenoid-presphenoid and basisphenoid-occipital synchondroses in the base of the skull in cn cn were severely disturbed and prematurely closed, with fewer cartilage cell columns and a lack of adequate remodelling of the periosteal bone, resulting in a disproportionate, badly contoured joint. The same findings were evident in the cranial sutures and tail vertebrae. In bm bm , cartilage lacks the basic organization seen even in such dwarfed animals as cn cn and stb stb . On the basis of this study, the cn cn and stb stb recessive mutations can be provisionally accepted as accurate models of achondroplasia in humans. The status of bm bm with respect to an analogy to any human condition has still to be determined.
Political Distrust and Conservative Voting in Ballot Measure Elections

Over the past thirty years, the cumulative effects of direct democracy have served to decrease both levels of taxation and spending in the American states. Yet conservative budgetary policy measures passed during this time period were likely to occur in liberal states. Using data on over thirty separate ballot issues, the author offers a solution to this puzzle, demonstrating that distrusting government serves as a consistently robust predictor of conservative policy choice. The implication of this finding is that citizens often choose conservative policy outcomes because they believe that government is functionally incapable of giving them what they want.
A delay of argument gradient in the instrumental conditioning of attitudes

Delay of argument effects in persuasive communication are analogous to delay of reinforcement effects in conditioning. Speed (1/latency) of agreement is a negatively accelerated decreasing function of delay of argument. Delay combines multiplicatively with number of persuasion trials to determine speed.
Idiopathic True Exfoliation of the Lens Capsule

Abstract The ophthalmic literature of the past half century contains relatively few reports of true exfoliation of the lens capsule, reflecting a reduction in the occupation-related occurrence of “glassblower's cataract”. The authors report 11 eyes (7 patients) with a diaphanous membrane arising from the anterior lens capsule, which they have identified by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. None of the seven patients had had extended exposure to an infrared-emitting heat source or ocular trauma; one patient with bilateral true exfoliation of the lens capsule had a history of unilateral herpes simplex keratitis. The average age of these patients at the time of diagnosis was 85.4 years. Identification of these 11 eyes by two ophthalmologists during a 6-year period suggests that idiopathic true exfoliation of the lens capsule has been underdetected, under-reported, or both.
Signal transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury

Abstract Free oxygen radicals are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants. We have recently demonstrated that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induction occurs in NEC; however, the potential upstream cellular mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved during oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury. Rat intestinal epithelial cells (RIE-1) maintained in DMEM with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were used for our experiments. Cells were serum-starved overnight and treated with either H2O2 or vehicle in the presence of various kinase inhibitors: PD98059 for p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), SB203580 for p38 MAPK, SP600125 for c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and LY290042 for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt). Treated cells were harvested over a time course and protein was extracted for Western blotting. Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay. H2O2 treatment resulted in increases in phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK, JNK and Akt in RIE-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The peak increases were noted with 200 μM dosage at 5–15 min after treatment. Total MAPK and Akt levels were not affected by H2O2 treatment. Additionally, RIE-1 cell viability was significantly decreased when either MAPK or PI3K pathway was selectively inhibited with PD98059 and LY294002 compounds, respectively. Interestingly, RIE-1 cell viability was markedly enhanced when JNK pathway was inhibited by SP600125. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 did not influence RIE-1 cell viability after H2O2 treatment. Phosphorylation of multiple signaling transduction pathways occurs during oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury. In contrast to JNK pathway, both p44/42 MAPK and PI3K/Akt may be involved as protective cellular signaling pathways in intestinal injury that occurs during NEC. A better understanding of this process may allow us to elucidate molecular mechanisms contributing to NEC.
Tests of the causal directions of global — Life facet satisfaction relationships

Previous research generally has supported multiple discrepancies theory (MDT) of the processes by which individuals arrive at judgments of satisfaction with various aspects of their lives as well as with life overall. However, the nature of possible causal relationships between overall and life facet satisfaction has been ignored. The purpose of this study was to extend MDT by testing alternative theoretical models which specified Bottom-up, Top-Down, and Bidirectional relationships between overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with 11 life facets in a sample of 1354 U.S. college students. Results most strongly favored the Bidirectional model in which the overall — life facet satisfaction relationship varied across life domains. The need to identify boundary conditions which determine the direction of the overall — life facet satisfaction relationship is discussed.
Mycobacterium avium uses apoptotic macrophages as tools for spreading

Background Mycobacterium avium (MAC) lives and replicates in macrophages and causes disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. As a host response to control disease, many macrophages become apoptotic a few days after MAC infection. In this study, we hypothesized that MAC can survive autophagic and apoptotic macrophages and spread.
Solubility of Anthracene in Binary Alkane+2-Methyl-2-Propanol Solvent Mixtures at 298.2 K

Abstract Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in four binary alkane + 2-methyl-2-propanol solvent mixtures at 25°C. The alkane cosolvents studied were n-heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Results of these measurements are used to test two mathematical representations based upon the combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS)/Redlich-Kister and Modified Wilson equations. For the four systems studied, the Combined NIBS/Redlich-Kister equation was found to provide the better mathematical representation of the experimental data, with overall average absolute deviations between measured and calculated values being approximately ±0.5%. Slightly larger deviations were noted in the case of the Modified Wilson equation.
NEW PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY, QUARKONIUM AND GLUONIC MESONS

Recent experimental results on quarkonium and gluonic mesons are presented and discussed. Comparisons with theory are made. Quarkonium predictions seem to agree well with experiment. The question of the experimental verification of gluonic mesons is clouded by the difficulty of the theoretical interpretation.
Differential regulation and xenobiotic induction of tandem P450 monooxygenase genes pc -1 (CYP63A1) and pc -2 (CYP63A2) in the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The two tandem P450 monooxygenase genes (pc-1 and pc-2) reported by us earlier in Phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated for their regulation under nutrient-limited and nutrient-rich culture conditions. Transcript analysis based on real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed higher expression of pc-1 in defined low-nitrogen and pc-2 in defined high-nitrogen media, with maximum expression on day 4, indicating that the two genes, though tandemly linked, are regulated in a non-coordinate manner. Transcript levels of pc-1 and pc-2 were differentially influenced by the type of carbon source, incubation temperature, and oxygenation. Both genes were inducible by organic xenobiotic chemicals. Of the 42 xenobiotics tested in nutrient-rich cultures, pc-1 transcription was induced 2.12(±0.40)-fold to 6.27(±0.48)-fold in the presence of 19 compounds and pc-2 transcription was induced 2.00(±0.73)-fold to 29.39(±9.40)-fold in the presence of 22 compounds. Particularly, it is significant that both pc-1 and pc-2 are induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of varying ring size, including naphthalene (4.35±0.09, 6.02±1.39), phenanthrene (2.82±0.12, 2.14±0.61), pyrene (3.93±0.01, 1.0±0.12), benzanthracene (1.67±0.03, 6.08±1.50), and benzo(a)pyrene (1.55±0.01, 5.54±2.75) respectively. This study constitutes the first report on the identification of P450 genes in a fungus that are responsive to environmentally significant pollutant chemicals (PAHs, DDT, long-chain alkyl phenols) and lignin derivatives.
VALIDATION OF ANTHROPOMETRY DERIVED BODY COMPOSITION (BC) WITH DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DXA) IN NEONATES † 1393

VALIDATION OF ANTHROPOMETRY DERIVED BODY COMPOSITION (BC) WITH DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DXA) IN NEONATES † 1393
Birefringent reflectarray metasurface for beam engineering in infrared

An infrared reflectarray metasurface with engineered birefringent behavior is demonstrated. The array reradiates incoming light into two orthogonal, linearly polarized reflections. The reflectarray is composed of rectangular metallic patch nanoantennas placed on top of a grounded dielectric stand-off layer. The patches are designed to locally manipulate the phase front of the incoming wave. They tailor the reflection phase to transform the phase front on the surface to the one desired for both orthogonal polarizations at the same time. The proposed nanoantenna metasurface can find applications in many optical devices, such as birefringent modulators, waveplates, polarizers, and splitters.
Science in the American South through the eyes of four natural historians, 1750-1850.

Summary A national scientific community developed in the United States following the American Revolution. The independent scientific societies, journals and other institutions that formed the basis of this community were, however, centred in the North. An analysis of the work of four leading natural historians of the Southern tidewater (two from before the Revolution and two from after it) suggests that their region participated in this development by shifting scientific ties and allegiances from Europe to the North rather than by creating national or regional scientific institutions.
A New Measure of Centrality for Brain Networks

Recent developments in network theory have allowed for the study of the structure and function of the human brain in terms of a network of interconnected components. Among the many nodes that form a network, some play a crucial role and are said to be central within the network structure. Central nodes may be identified via centrality metrics, with degree, betweenness, and eigenvector centrality being three of the most popular measures. Degree identifies the most connected nodes, whereas betweenness centrality identifies those located on the most traveled paths. Eigenvector centrality considers nodes connected to other high degree nodes as highly central. In the work presented here, we propose a new centrality metric called leverage centrality that considers the extent of connectivity of a node relative to the connectivity of its neighbors. The leverage centrality of a node in a network is determined by the extent to which its immediate neighbors rely on that node for information. Although similar in concept, there are essential differences between eigenvector and leverage centrality that are discussed in this manuscript. Degree, betweenness, eigenvector, and leverage centrality were compared using functional brain networks generated from healthy volunteers. Functional cartography was also used to identify neighborhood hubs (nodes with high degree within a network neighborhood). Provincial hubs provide structure within the local community, and connector hubs mediate connections between multiple communities. Leverage proved to yield information that was not captured by degree, betweenness, or eigenvector centrality and was more accurate at identifying neighborhood hubs. We propose that this metric may be able to identify critical nodes that are highly influential within the network.
Pre-conditioned layered electrodes for lithium batteries.

Abstract Layered Li(Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 Ni 0.33 )O 2 and composite 0.3Li 2 MnO 3 ·0.7LiMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 electrode powders have been treated with NH 3 and HNO 3 prior to cell assembly. These pre-conditioning reactions improve the electrochemical properties of the electrodes when charged to high electrochemical potentials (≥4.45 V versus Li 0 ) in lithium cells. NH 3 -treatment of Li(Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 Ni 0.33 )O 2 increases electrode capacity and improves the coulombic efficiency of the electrochemical reaction after the first charge/discharge cycle, whereas acid-treatment of 0.3Li 2 MnO 3 ·0.7LiMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 electrodes significantly improves the coulombic efficiency of the initial charge/discharge reaction.
Listeria-based HPV-16 E7 vaccines limit autochthonous tumor growth in a transgenic mouse model for HPV-16 transformed tumors.

We have shown that Listeria-based cancer vaccines inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors in a transgenic mouse model of immune tolerance where HPV-16 E7 is expressed in the thyroid gland. In this study we determine whether these vaccines are able to inhibit autochthonous tumor growth in this animal model. Mice treated with Listeria vaccines expressing E7 had significantly smaller thyroid tumors than did mice treated with controls and possessed higher numbers of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells within the spleens, tumors, and peripheral blood. This study shows that Listeria-based vaccines are able to slow autochthonous tumor growth and break immunological tolerance.
Nontraumatic pediatric thoracic emergencies

The most common nontraumatic pediatric emergency is the patient with an acute pulmonary infection. In this regard, it is important to differentiate viral from bacterial infections, but a problem usually arises when one has to deal with atelectasis associated with viral infections. Asthma is the next most common nontraumatic thoracic emergency, and the problem usually is exacerbation of asthma with or without an associated pulmonary infection. In this regard, bacterial infections do not trigger asthma attacks, but viral infections do. After asthma, endobronchial foreign bodies are next most common; the key to their detection lies in the use of inspiratory-expiratory film sequences. Hydrocarbon aspiration also is common in childhood and manifests primarily in bilateral basilar infiltrates. Spontaneous pneumothorax is uncommon in childhood, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that one can encounter unexpected entities such as delayed congenital diaphragmatic hernia and delayed congenital lobar emphysema in older infants and children. Finally, among the more common causes of vascular congestion in childhood are acute glomerulonephritis and, less often, myocarditis.
Theory of Combined Photoassociation and Feshbach Resonances in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

We model combined photoassociation and Feshbach resonances in a Bose-Einstein condensate, where the shared dissociation continuum allows for quantum interference in losses from the condensate, as well as a dispersive-like shift of resonance. A seemingly oversimplified model is revisited, explaining it as based on the limit of weakly bound molecules, reinforcing it with a comparison to numerical experiments that explicitly include dissociation to noncondensate modes, comparing it against the unitarity limit on condensate losses, and lastly, checking its universal implications. In particular, for a resonant laser and an off-resonant magnetic field, these numerical experiments reveal a rate limit on condensate losses that is larger for smaller condensate densities, approaches the rate limit for magnetoassociation alone near the Feshbach resonance, and agrees best with the analytical model for low density. Comparing the analytical rate limit against the unitary limit, which is set by the size of the condensate, agreement is found only for a limited range of near-resonant magnetic fields. Finally, for a resonant magnetic field and an off-resonant laser, the analytical shift of the Feshbach resonance is found to depend on the size of the Feshbach molecule, signifying nonuniversal physics in a strongly interacting system.
A New Book of Numbers: On the Precise Definition of Quantum Variables and the Relationships between Mathematics and Physics in Quantum Theory

Following Asher Peres’s observation that, as in classical physics, in quantum theory, too, a given physical object considered “has a precise position and a precise momentum,” this article examines the question of the definition of quantum variables, and then the new type (as against classical physics) of relationships between mathematics and physics in quantum theory. The article argues that the possibility of the precise definition and determination of quantum variables depends on the particular nature of these relationships.
Wave extrapolation in the spatial wavelet domain with application to poststack reverse-time migration

A wavelet transformation is performed over each of the spatial coordinates of the scalar wave equation. This transformed equation is solved directly with a finite-difference scheme for both homogeneous and smooth inhomogeneous media. Wavefield extrapolation is performed completely in the spatial wavelet domain without transforming back into the space domain at each time step. The wavelet coefficients are extrapolated, rather than the wavefield itself. The numerical solution of the scalar wave equation in the spatial wavelet domain is closely related to the finite-difference method because of the compact support of the wavelet bases. Poststack reverse-time migration is implemented as an application. The resolution spaces of the wavelet transform provide a natural framework for multigrid analysis. Migrated images are constructed from various resolution spaces.
Poly[3,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl) oxetane]—an analog of cellulose: Synthesis, characterization, and properties

Poly[3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane], PBHMO, was prepared in high molecular weight (ηinh up to 5.2) by polymerizing the trimethylsilylether of 3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane with the i-Bu3Al–0.7 H2O cationic catalyst at low temperature, followed by hydrolysis. PBHMO is crystalline, very high melting (314°C) and highly insoluble, much like its analog, cellulose. It is soluble in 75% H2SO4 at 30°C, being 65% converted to the acid sulfate ester; these conditions are useful for viscosity measurement, since the degradation rate is low and at least an order of magnitude less than for cellulose in this solvent. PBHMO can be prepared as oriented films and fibers using the lower melting diacetate (184°C) which can be melt or solution (CHCl3) fabricated and then the oriented forms saponified to oriented PBHMO. BHMO can be directly polymerized to low molecular weight, perhaps somewhat branched, PBHMO (ηinh 0.1) with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalyst at room temperature. Poly(3-methyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane), (PMHMO), prepared in high molecular weight (ηinh up to 3.8) by the same method used for PBHMO, is more soluble and lower melting (165°C) than PBHMO, appears to be atactic and can be compression molded at 195°C to a tough, clear film which is readily oriented. Copolymers of BHMO with MHMO are crystalline over the entire composition range with a linear variation of Tm with composition, a new example of isomorphism in the polymer area.
MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES EXPRESSED BY THE CANTONESE-CHINESE RADIO LISTENERS

In order to disseminate mental health information to the Cantonese-speaking Chinese immigrants in the greater Houston area in the United States, the author initiated a local radio program to deliver 25 mental health topics to educate and stimulate the interests of the listeners. Once a week for 25 weeks, six shows were pre-recorded, and 19 shows were broadcasted live to receive phone-in calls from listeners. Among these weekly radio shows, 31 calls were received and answered. All female callers (n = 22) addressed parenting and emotional issues, while most male callers (n = 8; 89%) described being maltreated by their wife. The purpose of this qualitative practice update is to use content analysis data to inform practitioners about the unaddressed mental health needs of Chinese immigrants and make service planning suggestions based on "unheard voices".
The Wonder and Spirit of Phenomenology and Theology: Rubenstein and Derrida on Heidegger's Formal Distinction of Philosophy from Theology

While Heidegger's earlier phenomenological writings inform much contemporary discourse in the continental philosophy of religion, his 1927 essay on ‘Phenomenology and Theology’ offers a largely uncontested distinction between philosophy and theology on the basis of their possibilities as sciences following ontological difference. This paper reconsiders Heidegger's distinction by invoking spirit and wonder, concepts Jacques Derrida and Mary-Jane Rubenstein have more recently emphasized as central to thought that is open to that which ruptures metaphysical schemas. I contend Heidegger's use of ontological difference as a formal distinction between philosophy and theology distances us from the wonder, spirit, and truth (alētheia) that undoes the binaries behind which we take shelter. However, I temper this critique with the recognition that Heidegger, Derrida, and Rubenstein equally recognize an inescapable repetition of metaphysical thinking in the philosophy of religion.
Planning and Economic Development in India

C. N. Vakil and P. R. Brahmanand, Planning for an Expanding Economy: Accumulation, Employment and Technical Progress in Underdeveloped Countries, Bombay, Vora & Co. (distributed in the U.S. by the Institute of Pacific Relations), I956, 404 pp. $4.50. Maurice Zinkin, Development for Free Asia (issued under the auspices of the Institute of Pacific Relations), Fair Lawn, N.J., Essential Books, Inc., I956, 263 pp. $4.50.
Jejunogastric intussusception: a case report with the review of literature

Jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare but potentially lethal complication of gastrectomy or gastrojejunostomy. In the acute setting, early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are mandatory to avoid mortality. We present a case of JGI in a patient with a history of gastrojejunostomy who had increasing vomiting, hematemesis, and abdominal pain for 1 day.
The geometric properties of high-Schmidt-number passive scalar iso-surfaces in turbulent boundary layers

The geometric properties are quantified for concentration iso-surfaces of a high-Schmidt-number passive scalar field produced by an iso-kinetic source with an initial finite characteristic length scale released into the inertial layer of fully developed open-channel-flow turbulent boundary layers. The coverage dimension and other measures of two-dimensional transects of the passive scalar iso-surfaces are found to be scale dependent. The coverage dimension is around 1.0 at the order of the Batchelor length scale and based on our data increases in a universal manner to reach a local maximum at a length scale around the Kolmogorov scale. We introduce a new parameter called the coverage length underestimate, which demonstrates universal behaviour in the viscous-convective regime for these data and hence is a potentially useful practical tool for many mixing applications. At larger scales (in the inertial-convective regime), the fractal geometry measures are dependent on the Reynolds number, injection length scale, and concentration threshold of the iso-surfaces. Finally, the lacunarity of the iso-surface structure shows that the instantaneous scalar field is most inhomogenous around the length scale corresponding to the Kolmogorov scale.
A Neuroprotective Function of NSF1 Sustains Autophagy and Lysosomal Trafficking in Drosophila

A common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of toxic proteins that disrupt vital cellular functions. Degradative pathways such as autophagy play an important protective role in breaking down misfolded and long-lived proteins. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to defects in these pathways, but many of the details regarding the link between autophagy and neurodegeneration remain unclear. We previously found that temperature-sensitive paralytic mutants in Drosophila are enriched for those exhibiting age-dependent neurodegeneration. Here we show that one of these mutants, comatose (comt), in addition to locomotor defects, displays shortened lifespan and progressive neurodegeneration, including loss of dopaminerigic (DA) neurons. comt encodes N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF1), which has a well-documented role in synaptic transmission. However, the neurodegenerative phenotypes we observe in comt mutants do not appear to depend on defects in synaptic transmission, but rather from their inability to sustain autophagy under stress, due at least in part to a defect in trafficking of lysosomal proteases such as cathepsin-L. Conversely, overexpression of NSF1 rescues α-synuclein-induced toxicity of DA neurons in a model of Parkinson’s disease. Our results demonstrate a neuroprotective role for NSF1 that involves mediation of fusion events crucial for degradative pathways such as autophagy, providing greater understanding of cellular dysfunctions common to several neurodegenerative diseases.
Cosmetic Treatments and Strategies for the Upper Face

Botulinum toxin type A injection have become commonplace and are an essential part of the aesthetic management of the upper face. A through understanding of the interrelationships between relevant facial muscles allows clinicians to use Botox for a wide range of conditions in addition to those for which it was initially approved. This article provides an overview and strategy for using Botox to address various cosmetic issues in the upper face. The information provided serves as a practical guide for practitioners who wish to expand their everyday use of the neurotoxin.
Understanding the role of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS in ALS and beyond

Dominant mutations in two DNA/RNA binding proteins, TDP-43 and FUS/TLS, are causes of inherited Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43 and FUS/TLS have striking structural and functional similarities, implicating alterations in RNA processing as central in ALS. TDP-43 has binding sites within a third of all mouse and human mRNAs in brain and this binding influences the levels and splicing patterns of at least 20% of those mRNAs. Disease modeling in rodents of the first known cause of inherited ALS-mutation in the ubiquitously expressed superoxide dismutase (SOD1)-has yielded non-cell autonomous fatal motor neuron disease caused by one or more toxic properties acquired by the mutant proteins. In contrast, initial disease modeling for TDP-43 and FUS/TLS has produced highly varied phenotypes. It remains unsettled whether TDP-43 and FUS/TLS mutants provoke disease from a loss of function or gain of toxicity or both. TDP-43 or FUS/TLS misaccumulation seems central not just to ALS (where it is found in almost all instances of disease), but more broadly in neurodegenerative disease, including frontal temporal lobular dementia (FTLD-U) and many examples of Alzheimer's or Huntington's disease.
Learning models of object structure

We present an approach for learning stochastic geometric models of object categories from single view images. We focus here on models expressible as a spatially contiguous assemblage of blocks. Model topologies are learned across groups of images, and one or more such topologies is linked to an object category (e.g. chairs). Fitting learned topologies to an image can be used to identify the object class, as well as detail its geometry. The latter goes beyond labeling objects, as it provides the geometric structure of particular instances. We learn the models using joint statistical inference over category parameters, camera parameters, and instance parameters. These produce an image likelihood through a statistical imaging model. We use trans-dimensional sampling to explore topology hypotheses, and alternate between Metropolis-Hastings and stochastic dynamics to explore instance parameters. Experiments on images of furniture objects such as tables and chairs suggest that this is an effective approach for learning models that encode simple representations of category geometry and the statistics thereof, and support inferring both category and geometry on held out single view images.
A Theory of Corporate Scandals: Why the U.S. And Europe Differ

A wave of financial irregularity broke out in the United States in 2001-2002, culminating in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. A worldwide stock market bubble burst over this same period, with the actual market decline on a percentage basis being somewhat more severe in Europe. Yet, no corresponding wave of financial scandals involving a similar level of companies broke out in Europe. Indeed, those scandals that did arise in Europe often had American roots (e.g., Vivendi, Ahold, Adecco, etc.). Given the higher level of public and private enforcement in the United States for securities fraud, this contrast seems perplexing. What explains this contrast? This paper submits that different kinds of scandals characterize different systems of corporate governance. In particular, dispersed ownership systems of governance are prone to the forms of earnings management that erupted in the United States, but concentrated ownership systems are much less vulnerable. Instead, the characteristic scandal in concentrated ownership economics is the appropriation of private benefits of control. Here, Parmalat is the representative scandal, just as Enron and WorldCom are the iconic examples of fraud in dispersed ownership regimes. Is this difference meaningful? This article suggests that this difference in the likely source of, and motive for, financial misconduct has implications both for the utility of gatekeepers as reputational intermediaries and for design of legal controls to protect public shareholders. What works in one system will likely not work (at least as well) in the other. The difficulty in achieving auditor independence in a corporation with a controlling shareholder may also imply that minority shareholders in concentrated ownership economies should directly select their own gatekeepers.
Study of subthreshold electron mobility behavior in SOI-MESFETs

Micropower circuits based on sub-threshold MOSFETs are used in a variety of applications ranging from digital watches to medical implants. Alternate device structures are needed that will satisfy both the low-power and RF requirements and will allow much better operation of, for example, pacemakers. A candidate structure is the SOI-MESFET that is currently being fabricated and theoretically characterized within our Nanostructures Research Group at Arizona State University. Since the mobility is the key factor in determining the device cut-off frequency, it is the purpose of this study to investigate the electron mobility improvement of SOI MESFET when compared to SOI and conventional MOSFET devices. To accomplish this goal, we have utilized our in-house Ensemble Monte Carlo device simulator and performed extensive simulations of similar geometry SOI MOSFETs and Si MESFET channels.
Efficacy of Five Commonly Used Disinfectants Against Turkey Arthritis Reovirus.

SUMMARY. Since late 2009, an unusual problem of reovirus-related lameness has been seen in market-age tom turkeys in the upper Midwest area of the United States. In this study, we determined the efficacy of five commonly used disinfectants (Virocid, Keno X5, Synergize, One Stroke, and Tek Trol) against turkey arthritis reoviruses (TARVs). For comparison, turkey enteric reovirus (TERV) and chicken arthritis reovirus (CARV) were also included. At their recommended concentrations, all five disinfectants were found to be effective virucidals, inactivating 99.99% of all viruses within 10 min. However, oxidizing agents and quaternary ammonium compounds + aldehyde types of disinfectants were more effective, killing the viruses in a shorter time (2– 5 min) than the other types of disinfectants. These results indicate that these disinfectants can be an effective tool in the control of these viruses.
Effect of Sex and Age on the Supercooling Point of the Winter-Active Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Supercooling points (SCP) of adult Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski, 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) were determined at 3, 5, 9, 12 and 17 days post-collection. Supercooling points were recorded using surface contact thermometry and a cooling rate of ca. 1°C min−1. Female SCPs averaged −22.81, −23.76, −23.85, −23.65, and −20.87°C on each date post-collection and did not differ significantly. Male SCPs were statistically similar and averaged −21.75, −23.53, −23.68, −23.66, and −22.92°C on each date post-collection. Paired comparisons of female/male SCPs on each date post-collection did not show significant differences over time. The overall mean SCP of D. mendotae (−23.05°C) is substantially lower than values of −5.3°C and −5.7°C published for adults and larvae of Belgica antarctica Jacobs 1900 collected at Palmer Station (Antarctica) and −14.2°C for larvae of Paraclunio alaskensis Coquillett 1900 collected at Vancouver Island, British Columbia. In addition, the SCP of this species appears to be lower than that of...
Africa on YouTube: Musicians, Tourists, Missionaries and Aid Workers

/ YouTube videos featuring the countries Ghana and Kenya were assessed, finding that this citizen media tool is allowing ordinary people to construct representations of African countries but that these are much more likely to come from westerners. Although these African countries are not represented as chaotic and violent as has often been the case in the past, they continue to be stereotyped. Africans unaccompanied by westerners are most likely to appear in entertainment, especially music, videos.
Role for dnaK locus in tolerance of multiple stresses in Staphylococcus aureus

Heat-shock proteins are essential for stress tolerance and allowing organisms to survive conditions that cause protein unfolding. The role of the Staphylococcus aureus DnaK system in tolerance of various stresses was studied by disruption of dnaK by partial deletion and insertion of a kanamycin gene cassette. Deletion of dnaK in S. aureus strain COL resulted in poor growth at temperatures of 37 degrees C and above, and reduced carotenoid production. The mutant strain also exhibited increased susceptibility to oxidative and cell-wall-active antibiotic stress conditions. In addition, the mutant strain had slower rates of autolysis, suggesting a correlation between DnaK and functional expression of staphylococcal autolysins. Deletion of dnaK also resulted in a decrease in the ability of the organism to survive in a mouse host during a systemic infection. In summary, the DnaK system in S. aureus plays a significant role in the survival of S. aureus under various stress conditions.
The Enhancement of Reaction Yield Through the Use of High Temperature Membrane Reactors

Abstract Membrane reactors combine reaction and separation in a single unit operation, the membrane selectively removing one or more of the reactant or product species. Most commonly these reactors have been used with reactions, whose yields are limited by thermodynamic equilibrium. For such reactions, membrane reactors seem to offer potential advantages over more traditional reactors. Membrane reactors have also been proposed for other applications; for increasing the yield of enzymatic and catalytic reactions by influencing, through the membrane, the concentration of various intermediate species; for selectively removing species, which would otherwise poison or deactivate the reaction; and for providing a controlled interface between two or more reactant species. Membrane reactors are currently being tested with a number of catalytic reactions. Reactions studied by our group include catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane, and methane steam reforming. Theoretical models have also been developed for these re...
Phosphorus determination in phosphoglycerides from thin-layer chromatograms

Phosphoglyceride phosphorus is readily determined directly on silica gel removed from thin-layer chromatograms, without elution, by a nondigestive procedure with a sulfuric-periodic acid reagent. The method is specific for hydrolyzable phosphoglyceride containing two acid-hydrolyzable groups. Cariolipin reacts only partially, while sphingomyelin, diether lecithin, and phosphonate cephalin fail completely to react.
Navigation Locks: Filling and Emptying Systems for Locks

Three basic criteria are used in the design of lock filling and emptying system: (1) Lockages must be accomplished in the shortest possible time; (2) disturbances in the lock chamber must not endanger craft in lockage; and (3) the cost of constructing the hydraulic system must satisfy the customary requirements of economic justification. Foundation and site conditions generally dictate the adoption of one of three basic types of filling and emptying systems: (1) end, (2) wall port and culvert, or (3) bottom diffuser. Details of the respective types may be varied to satisfy specific design requirements for each project. In low-lift locks in which wall culverts are not feasible, or in locks subject to reversal of head, end filling systems may be required. The bottom diffuser system is usually adopted for large or high-lift locks of modern commerical rank. Being somewhat more economical to construct than the latter, wall culverts and ports are commonly used in intermediate-lift locks in which the minimum depth of water prism in the chamber is adequate to provide satisfactory stilling action during the filling process.
Testable commitments

A key challenge in litigation is verifying that all relevant case content has been produced. Adding to the challenge is the fact that litigating parties are both bound to produce relevant documents and bound to protect private information (e.g. medical information). This leaves open the possibility of withholding content inappropriately, and verifying that this has not occurred is a time-consuming process involving the presiding judge. We introduce testable commitments: a cryptographic technique for verifying that only the right information has been withheld with only minimal involvement from a trusted third party. We present a construction of testable commitments and discuss its implementation.
2020: Future Vision for Global Air Cargo

This paper describes a study conducted as a part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Scenario-Based Strategic Planning process. During this process, Global Air Cargo was identified as one of several potential high-payoff vehicle classes for the year 2020. Within this vehicle class, a goal was established to provide a ten-fold reduction in the cost per ton-mile for air cargo shipments. In order to assess the issues associated with achieving this goal, a detailed systems analysis was conducted for this class of vehicle.