cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE PIGMENT EPITHELIUM IN THE ALBINO RAT

In this report, particular attention is paid to the inclusion bodies found in the apical cytoplasm of the pigment epithelial cell. These bodies are of variable size and form. The smallest (0.4 µ diameter) consist of a granular matrix enclosed by a single membrane, and are similar to the lysosomes of hepatic cells. Larger inclusion bodies contain areas of lamellated material in addition to granular matrix. The largest particles seen (2 µ diameter) are almost entirely lamellar. These different forms seem closely related, for it is possible to find all transitional stages between the smallest and largest particles. The relationship between the lamellar inclusion bodies and the rod outer segments is discussed.
A Comparison of Mineral Extraction Techniques of Citrus Juices as Analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Two methods of mineral extraction for citrus juices were investigated: dry ashing in a muffle furnace and wet ashing in a microwave oven. Elemental concentrations were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). For reference, a synthetic multielement mixture was prepared and analyzed. Results for the multielement solution using wet ashing in a microwave oven or dry ashing in a muffle furnace differed by less than 10% from those for an undigested, but diluted solution. An exception was boron, of which 96% was lost in the muffle furnace. Grapefruit juice analysis showed differences in concentration of less than 10% for all elements. Orange juice samples, however, showed greater losses for Na (16%), Si (13%), and Sn (11%) with the dry ashing method.
Granular matrix formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis for control of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

A low-cost, granular matrix formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki , composed primarily of corn flour and containing a feeding stimulant composed of cottonseed flour and sugars, was developed for use against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), on whorl-stage corn. Laboratory experiments indicated that a corn flour agricultural commodity product was a suitable carrier, that the feeding stimulant enhanced the activity of B. thuringiensis , and that the granular matrix protected B. thuringiensis from photodegradation. Results of a greenhouse test showed higher mortality of the European corn borer on corn plants treated with the granular matrix than on plants treated with a standard commercial granular formulation of B. thuringiensis . Mortality with either treatment was increased by application of simulated rainfall. In a field test, the granular matrix applied at a rate of 5.5 kg/ha gave control comparable with that achieved by the commercial standard applied at a rate of 11 kg/ha. Results indicated that increased efficacy or reduction in costs of management of the European corn borer with B. thuringiensis should be possible through the use of the granular matrix formulation.
Decoding Long Nanopore Reads of Bacteriophage Phi X 174

Nanopore DNA sequencing is a single molecule sequencing technique with promise for long reads, low cost, and minimal sample preparation. We have built on our progress in nucleotide sensitivity and DNA control to interpret the procession of ion current levels observed as DNA translocates through the nanopore MspA. Approximately 4 nucleotides affect the ion current of each level, therefore, we measured current corresponding to all 256 4-nucleotide combinations (quadromers). This quadromer map proves to be highly predictive of ion current levels for nanopore reads of bacteriophage phi X 174. We show nanopore sequencing reads of up to 4,500 bases in length, which can be unambiguously aligned the phi X 174 reference genome. We also demonstrate proof of concept hybrid genome assembly and polymorphism detection.
Lattice-dynamical calculation of the Kapitza resistance between fcc lattices

The temperature dependence of the Kapitza resistance (thermal boundary resistance) at the interface between two dissimilar solids is calculated for a model system consisting of two semi-infinite, harmonic fcc lattices in register. The spectral density of phonon flux transmitted across the interface is obtained from a numerical calculation of the phonon transmission coefficient and group velocity and is used to calculate the Kapitza resistance. Results for the spectral density of the transmitted phonon flux, the spectral dependence of the phonon transmission coefficient, and the temperature dependence of the thermal boundary resistance are presented. Calculation of the thermal boundary resistance for real systems using the results of this calculation is discussed.
Human kidney α-l-Iduronidase: Purification and characterization

Abstract α- l -Iduronidase has been purified 25,000-fold from the soluble proteins of human kidney by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, and Bio-Gel P-100. The α- l -iduronidase activity is associated with 80% of the protein in the most purified preparation. It has a molecular weight of 60,000 ± 6500, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, and can be dissociated by reduction into subunits of molecular weight 31,000 ± 6500 determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of dithiothreitol. It contains glucosamine and binds to concanavalin A. The pH optimum, K m and V max for two substrates, phenyl iduronide and [ 3 H]anhydromannitol iduronide, were found to be 4.0, 1.05 m m , 16 μmol/mg protein/min, and 4·5, 9 m m and 270 μmol/mg protein/min, respectively. The enzyme is of the low uptake, noncorrective form with respect to fibroblasts cultured from the skin of patients with Hurler syndrome. It is inhibited by 10 6 m p -chloromercuribenzoate and 10 −3 m Cu 2+ , but is not significantly affected by other divalent cations, EDTA, or sulfhydryl compounds. Antibodies to α- l -iduronidase have been raised in goats.
Histochemical studies on the localization of oxidative and dephosphorylating enzymes and esterases in the peritoneal mesothelial cells

Histochemical localization of various groups of oxidative and dephosphorylating enzymes and esterases has been made in the peritoneal mesothelial cells. These cells were strongly positive for lactic dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase, moderately positive for cytochrome oxidase, simple esterase, acid phosphatase, 5′nucleotidase and nonspecific cholinesterase, and negative for monoamine oxidase and specific cholinesterase. They showed moderate positive activity for alkaline phosphatase, localized in the microvilli of these cells. They contain scanty amount of thiamine pyrophosphatase-positive Golgi complex and showed diffuse thiamine pyrophosphatase-positive activity in the cell cytoplasm. Adenosine triphosphatase-positive spaces found in between the adjacent cells and at the bases of the individual cells have been demonstrated. These results are discussed in view of the great absorptive power of the peritoneal mesothelium.
Tsunamis within the Eastern Santa Barbara Channel

Several locally generated tsunamis have been reported in Southern California during the past 200 years, yet the hazard from locally generated tsunamis has received considerably little attention. We consider here tsunamis generated by coseismic displacements on the Channel Islands Thrust (CIT) system, as well as waves generated by slope failures along the walls of the Santa Barbara Channel. We find that purely tectonic sources could generate regional tsunamis with 2m runup, whereas combinations of tectonic sources and submarine mass movements could generate local runup as large as 15m.
Asymmetric multicomponent reactions: convenient access to acyclic stereocenters and functionalized cyclopentenoids

Abstract Asymmetric multicomponent reactions of optically active phenyl dihydrofuran, keto ester or N -tosyl imino ester, and allylsilane provided functionalized phenyl tetrahydrofurans with multiple stereogenic centers diastereoselectively. Cleavage of the resulting substituted tetrahydrofurans readily provided acyclic derivatives with three contiguous asymmetric centers via an acyloxycarbenium ion intermediate. Ring closing olefin metathesis, using Grubbs catalyst, afforded functionalized cyclopentene derivatives in optically active form. A one-pot tandem tetrahydrofuran ring cleavage followed by ring closing olefin metathesis also provided functionalized cyclopentenes in good yield.
Combustion of liquid gun propellants in an adiabatic calorimeter

Abstract An accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) was used to evaluate the effect of chemical composition on the thermal stability and burning rate of the liquid propellants currently being considered for use in medium-to-large caliber guns. The most effective propellants to date have been stoichiometric, aqueous mixtures of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and the nitrate salt of an organic amine, triethanolammonium nitrate (TEAN). Because these propellants do not burn at atmospheric pressure, but instead react slowly enough to maintain thermal pseudo-equilibrium, such experiments provide information regarding the stability of the mixtures in storage. Thermal stability is directly related to the nitrate ion concentration of the mixtures, and propellant composition can be modified to change energy release rates without affecting thermal stability. Replacement of the TEAN component with N , N -diethylhydroxylammonium nitrate (DEHAN) increases burning rate as much as 17-fold without adversely affecting thermal stability because the total nitrate concentration of the HAN-TEAN and HAN-DEHAN mixtures is the same.
Annealing of Electron Bombardment Damage in Lithium-Containing Silicon

The results of these measurements are applicable to the design of lithium-containing solar cells. Data concerning the speed and stability of recovery from irradiation damage is presented, including the dependence of these parameters on the lithium and oxygen concentration of the silicon. Floatzone-refined silicon doped with lithium to a concentration ? 5 x 1014cm-3 exhibits post-irradiation damage properties similar to those measured on quartz-crucible (Q.C.) silicon doped with lithium from 1015 to 1016cm-3. The speed of recovery from damage (e.g., the mobility) is several hundred times faster in oxygen-lean float-zone-refined silicon than in oxygen-rich quartz-crucible-grown silicon. Two mechanisms of annealing, namely by neutralization and by dissociation of carrier-removal centers were observed in these experiments. Both mechanisms of annealing take place in float-zone (F.Z.) silicon doped with lithium from 4 x 1015 to 1016cm-3, but only the mechanism of neutralization is observed in samples of float-zone silicon doped with lithium concentrations ? 5 x 1014cm-3. In contrast to this behavior, only the mechanism of neutralization is observed in quartz-crucible silicon doped with lithium from 1015 to 1016cm-3. A continuous decrease in carrier density is observed to occur for periods ranging from five months to 18 months in irradiated-float-zone silicon with lithium concentrations ? 5 x 1014cm-3, and in quartz-crucible silicon with lithium concentrations from 1015 to 1016cm-3, respectively. This mechanism produces uncharged complexes of lithium. A defect located at an energy of ? EC-0.12 eV was measured in irradiated-float-zone silicon doped with lithium concentration ? 5 x 1014cm-3.
Exploring influences on student adherence to test-driven development

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development process with a test-first approach that shows promise for improving code quality. Our research addresses concerns raised in both academia and industry about a lack of motivation or acceptance in adopting TDD. In a CS2 class, we used an automated testing tool and post-class surveys to observe patterns of behavior in testing as well as changes in attitudes. We found significant positive outcomes for students following TDD. We also identified obstacles deterring students from adhering to TDD and discuss reasons and possible remedies.
The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Spectrometer: Performance Characteristics Based On Development Of The Collimator, Variable Line Space Gratings, Telescope And Detectors

We review the design of the spectrometers included on the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) astronomical satellite. The spectrometer design is novel, consisting of three variable line space reflecting gratings mounted in a slitless configuration behind a grazing incidence telescope. A collimator is employed to reduce diffuse background radiation to negligible lev-els. Prototype gratings have been mechanically ruled and the best samples recover over 80% of the theoretical efficiency of perfectly formed grooves, reaching 30% absolute at 114A. Groove profile measurements made using a Talystep profilometer and electron micrographs are compared, and found to agree with the blaze angles derived from reflectivity measure-ments. In the final design, grating blaze angles have been optimized to minimize second order contamination. Prototype collimator EUV measurements show peak transmission of 90% of theoretical, with transmission outside the main lobe of less than 0.5%, and a scattering level less than 10-4arcmin-1. Using measured performance characteristics of the collimator, telescope, gratings and detector, we have determined the sensitivity of the instrument for a 40,000 sec observation; the average 3-σ sensitivity of continuum flux is approximately 2x10-27erg/cm2/sec/Hz. This is a factor of 100 dimmer than a bright known EUV source, and is comparable to the sensitivity of the all-sky survey which will be carried out on the EUVE.
Generation of a Convalescent Model of Virulent Francisella tularensis Infection for Assessment of Host Requirements for Survival of Tularemia

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia. Development of novel vaccines and therapeutics for tularemia has been hampered by the lack of understanding of which immune components are required to survive infection. Defining these requirements for protection against virulent F. tularensis, such as strain SchuS4, has been difficult since experimentally infected animals typically die within 5 days after exposure to as few as 10 bacteria. Such a short mean time to death typically precludes development, and therefore assessment, of immune responses directed against virulent F. tularensis. To enable identification of the components of the immune system that are required for survival of virulent F. tularensis, we developed a convalescent model of tularemia in C57Bl/6 mice using low dose antibiotic therapy in which the host immune response is ultimately responsible for clearance of the bacterium. Using this model we demonstrate αβTCR+ cells, γδTCR+ cells, and B cells are necessary to survive primary SchuS4 infection. Analysis of mice deficient in specific soluble mediators shows that IL-12p40 and IL-12p35 are essential for survival of SchuS4 infection. We also show that IFN-γ is required for survival of SchuS4 infection since mice lacking IFN-γR succumb to disease during the course of antibiotic therapy. Finally, we found that both CD4+ and CD8+ cells are the primary producers of IFN-γand that γδTCR+ cells and NK cells make a minimal contribution toward production of this cytokine throughout infection. Together these data provide a novel model that identifies key cells and cytokines required for survival or exacerbation of infection with virulent F. tularensis and provides evidence that this model will be a useful tool for better understanding the dynamics of tularemia infection.
Short-term efficacy of a telephone intervention by expert nurses after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. The ICD is a common therapy for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and prevention of sudden cardiac death. After ICD therapy, 50% of survivors are known to have significantly elevated anxiety, depression, anger, and fear in getting back to normal physical activities. Despite these problems, few interventions to improve adjustment have been rigorously evaluated within a clinical trial format. This article reports the short-term efficacy of a structured weekly educational telephone intervention (8 weeks) delivered by expert cardiovascular nurses to recipients of an ICD. To test these effects, a two-group (n = 84/group) randomized clinical trial design was used with measures at baseline (hospital discharge), 1 month, and 3 months after ICD therapy. The study sample were first time ICD recipients for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac arrest. Primary outcomes included (1) physical functioning (Patient Concerns Assessment [PCA], Short-Form Health Survey [SF-12], ICD shocks), (2) psychological adjustment (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D), (3) knowledge (Sudden Cardiac Arrest [SCA] knowledge assessment), and (4) health care use (emergency room visits, outpatient visits, hospitalizations). The intervention group, as compared to the control group, significantly reduced mean PCA symptoms at 1 month (11.3-8.8 vs 9.7-9.3, respectively, P < 0.02), and reduced state anxiety (36.1-31.9 vs 33.1-33.0, respectively, P < 0.08), and enhanced knowledge (21.8-22.4 vs 21.4-21.7, respectively, P < 0.02) at 3 months. The intervention did not significantly impact short-term health care use. A structured telephone intervention delivered during the first 8 weeks after ICD therapy by expert cardiovascular nurses decreased ICD related physical symptoms and anxiety, and increased SCA knowledge over 3 months.
Memory for product names: The generation effect

Two studies were performed using ads constructed so that a listener would tend to generate the product name once during the ad. Under conditions approximating normal listening conditions, product names from ads in which the listener sometimes generated the product name were recalled better than product names from ads in which these names were always provided by the ad. These results are consistent with other research demonstrating that subject-generated items are better recalled than experimenter-provided items. We know that some advertisers use rather clever procedures to get the consumer to produce the product name. These data suggest that those techniques are effective.
Calmodulin Activates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

Calmodulin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase are vital components of a number of common intracellular events. Calmodulin, a ubiquitous Ca2+-dependent effector protein, regulates multiple processes in eukaryotic cells, including cytoskeletal organization, vesicular trafficking, and mitogenesis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase participates in events downstream of the receptors for insulin and other growth factors. Here we demonstrate by coimmunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography that Ca2+/calmodulin associates with Src homology 2 domains in the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, thereby significantly enhancing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in vitro and in intact cells. Furthermore, CGS9343B, a calmodulin antagonist, inhibited basal and Ca2+-stimulated phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol in intact cells. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism for modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and provide a direct link between components of two fundamental signaling pathways.
The Structure of Affect in a Non‐Western Culture: Evidence for Cross‐Cultural Comparability

We investigated the structure of affect in the Filipino culture and compared our results to those in Western studies. Four samples of students (ns = 397 to 530) rated their mood for today, the past week, or in general, using near-comprehensive sets of Filipino mood adjectives. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a hierarchical model of affect and the cross-cultural comparability of self-report mood dimensions (i.e., higher-order Positive and Negative Affect, plus specific affects corresponding to hypothesized universal or basic emotions). The results were more consistent with biological theories of affect than a strong social constructivist perspective.
The Earliest Hominids

One of the biggest problems facing palaeoanthropologists at the moment is the question of disagreement and definition.
Probing the SAR of dEpoB via chemical synthesis: a total synthesis evaluation of C26-(1,3-dioxolanyl)-12,13-desoxyepothilone B.

A practical total synthesis of 26-(1,3-dioxolanyl)-12,13-desoxyepothilone B (26-dioxolanyl dEpoB) was accomplished in a highly convergent manner. A novel sequence was developed to produce the vinyl iodide segment 17 in high enantiomeric excess, which was used in a key B-alkyl Suzuki merger. Subsequently, a Yamaguchi macrocyclization formed the core lactone, while a selective oxidation and a late stage Noyori acetalization incorporated the dioxolane functionality. Sufficient amounts of synthetic 26-dioxolane dEpoB were produced using this sequence for an in vivo analysis in mice containing xenograft CCRF−CEM tumors.
Effects of parkinsonism on health status in welding exposed workers

Background Previous studies suggest that welders frequently display parkinsonian signs, such as bradykinesia and tremor. Demonstrating that these parkinsonian findings are associated with reductions in quality of life (QoL) or health status could have important repercussions for worker safety and performance.
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of formaldehyde and methanol

Abstract Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to obtain the angular distribution parameter, β, for the valence orbitals (IP
Role of Autoperfusion Balloon in Endovascular Interventions

The development of the autoperfusion balloon catheter provided the ability to perform prolonged balloon inflations during angioplasty procedures. For a number of years the autoperfusion balloon catheter was successfully used to treat acute complications of percutaneous coronary interventions. However, with the advent of stent implantation procedures and the use of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors, the role of autoperfusion balloon angioplasty has decreased. However, the perfusion balloon may have an important role in angioplasty and/or stenting of coronary lesions with unfavorable coronary anatomy and also in carotid angioplasty. The perfusion balloon also may be helpful for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. In the future the autoperfusion balloon or its principle may hold promise in emerging interventions, such as gene therapy and vascular brachytherapy where prolonged interrupted of coronary circulation is required.
Fast search algorithms for layout permutation problems

Abstract We have previously established the existence of decision algorithms with low-degree polynomial running times for a number of difficult combinatorial problems, including many that can be stated in terms of VLSI layout, placement, embedding and routing. In this paper, we turn our attention to the search complexity of these problems. We introduce a general technique, which we term scaffolding, and illustrate how it is useful in the design of efficient search algorithms.
2007 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology.

The August and September issues of the Journal will include a series of proceedings from the Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology, which was held in Indianapolis, IN, in November 2007. The Workshop focused on chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic neoplasms, de novo and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), extramedullary myeloid tumors, and mastocytosis. Cases of de novo acute myeloid leukemia were excluded. The goals of the Workshop were to correlate diagnostic hematopathology practice to the most recent discoveries in myeloid neoplasms and address diagnostic challenges through case discussions. The Workshop and preparation of the proceedings coincided with the update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms; thus, the articles discuss the individual diagnostic entities and submitted cases in light of this updated classification published in September 2008.1 The Workshop included plenary sessions and scientific lectures. The latter aimed to review recent advances in pathogenesis of my-eloid neoplasms and developments in molecularly targeted therapies and to outline the role of molecular pathology and cytogenetics in determining the prognosis and monitoring of myeloid neoplasms. The plenary sessions included interesting cases selected to represent current issues in the diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms. The diagnostic approach was based on a careful integration of morphologic assessment with ancillary …
"Confusion's Masterpiece": The Development of the Physician Assistant Profession

La profession d'assistant fut developpee particulierement dans les hopitaux americains. Leur role consiste essentiellement a donner une instruction medicale aux infirmieres
Functions of the verb decir (‘to say’) in the incipient academic Spanish writing of bilingual children

There is great concern about the lack of access to academic writing, especially for minority language schoolchildren. Although much research is devoted to social context and personal interactions in the classroom, a closer look at language itself would contribute to a better understanding of the development of literacy in a bilingual setting. The aim of this study is to examine the uses of one particular linguistic feature in incipient academic genres. Drawing on a functional linguistic framework, the article analyzes four functions of the verb decir ('to say') in texts written in Spanish by children in a Dual Language Program during two consecutive school years. The analysis includes texts taken from three main content areas � Language Arts, Science and Social Studies. Results show that decir was used to fulfill interactive, narrative, informative and reflective functions, which occur with different frequencies in the three content areas. The article especially discusses those functions that may lead to more advanced literacy. The study concludes with implications for the bilingual classroom, suggesting that linguistic awareness of different uses of the verb decir could help schoolchildren to organize incipient academic texts.
Unlocking the condoms: The effect on sales and theft

Community pharmacies may place condoms in locked displays or behind glass, thereby reducing access and consequent use. Objective : Quantify sales and theft of condoms when condoms were unlocked and removed from behind glass in grocery pharmacies Methods : Design. In this pilot study, condom displays were unlocked in selected pharmacies for three months. Participants. Eight grocery pharmacies in central Iowa agreed to participate. Intervention. Stores provided inventory at baseline, sales/theft thereafter in three monthly reports and sales for the same period one-year earlier. Outcome measures. Descriptive statistics quantified condom theft and sales. Number of pharmacies leaving condoms unlocked after the intervention was determined. Results : Theft varied by pharmacy and ranged from an average of 1.33 boxes (units) per month to 27.33 per month. All stores experienced some increase in sales during the intervention. Two locations decided to re-lock their displays, only one indicated theft as the reason. Conclusion : After removing condoms from locked displays, more condoms were purchased and stolen from the study pharmacies. Sales outweighed theft in all pharmacies.
“Rednecks,” “Rutters,” and `Rithmetic Social Class, Masculinity, and Schooling in a Rural Context

Research with predominately minority, urban students has documented an educational “gender gap,” where girls tend to be more likely to go to college, make higher grades, and aspire to higher status occupations than boys. We know less, however, about inequality, gender, and schooling in rural contexts. Does a similar gap emerge among the rural poor? How does gender shape the educational experiences of rural students? This article explores these questions by drawing on participant observation and student interviews at a predominately white and low-income rural high school. I find a substantial gap favoring girls in this context, and I analyze how understandings of masculinity shaped schooling using the theory of hegemonic masculinity. The findings suggest that boys' underachievement is actually rooted in masculine dominance and related to particular constructions of gender and social class.
Developmental Sequelae in Premature Infants Undergoing Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Abstract One hundred sixteen infants who underwent on-unit ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were examined for developmental sequelae. Mean gestational age of the study group was 29.1 weeks; mean birth weight, 1,232 gm; and mean duration of follow-up, 20.7 months (chronological age). Seven infants died of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4) and severe central nervous system dysfunction (3) before they were 3 years old. Sixty-five percent of the remaining infants exhibited normal motor and mental development, although 58% showed some degree of postnatal growth retardation. There was no evidence of left arm dysfunction caused by the thoracic incision; 3 infants had minor problems with nonabsorbed sutures at 3 to 6 months of age. No infant demonstrated recurrence of ductal patency. Mild sensorineural handicaps not expected to be of long-term importance were noted in 20 infants. Eighteen other infants (15.5%) were classified as having moderate to severe impairments, which may have substantial impact on development and ability to function. Surgical ligation of PDA in premature infants has been shown to be safe and effective in the short run. Long-term follow-up suggests that infants who undergo PDA ligation do not appear to be at increased risk for sensorineural handicaps.
Colored Noise and Regularization Parameter Selection for Waveform Metrology

We study six algorithms to select a regularization parameter for deconvolution problems appearing in high-speed communication measurement applications. We investigate these algorithms in the presence of unspecified noise correlation analyzing their performance as components of a multivariate random variable and study their joint distribution by Monte Carlo. We find that several parameter selection algorithms, despite their widespread use, are not robust to unspecified noise correlations. Specifically, the discrepancy principle fails to return adequate regularizations for rough noise, while the generalized cross validation (GCV), unbiased predictive risk, and information complexity selectors can fail for smooth noise. For some experimental configurations, GCV failed completely, returning zero successful inversions out of 500 noise instantiations. These parameter selection algorithms share in the characteristic that they do not contain mechanisms to monitor quantities derived from the parameter-dependent solution vector. By contrast, the L-curve and quasi-optimality criteria do contain such mechanisms, and furthermore exhibited significantly fewer failures and correlated highly with the optimal inversion across all noise levels and correlations.
Fostering Motivation to Read

The purpose of this review is to explain the role and importance of motivation for reading comprehension and suggest classroom practices that can foster motivation to read. Method: A computerized l...
RELATIONSHIPS OF COLOR, VISCOSITY, ORGANIC ACID PROFILES AND ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT TO ADDITION OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND SALT IN TOMATO JUICE

Malate and citrate acidified juices produced statistically similar results for pH and titratable acidity (TA), but these acidified juices were significantly different from nonacidified juice when comparing pH and TA. During storage time, the pattern of the pH and TA curves, regardless of acidification, were similar. Salted juice exhibited a significantly higher ascorbic acid content and greater viscosity than did the unsalted juice during storage. The organic acids citric, lactic, malic, and pyrocarboxylic increased immediately after heat processing for commercial sterility, while the presence of salt in this juice lowered these same organic acids. There was minimal correlation of the organic acids or the summation of the acids equivalents of all the organic acids to the titratable acidity or pH of the juices. Juices acidified with malate or citrate did not consistently display an increased level of that specific acid after processing and storage.
The multiple coagulopathies of biliary atresia

Detailed coagulation studies were done prospectively on 43 patients with biliary atresia who had undergone Kasai operation (hepatic portoenterostomy). Patients were divided into three groups based on levels of factor V, factor II, and Echis II and/or response to vitamin K: no coagulopathy (46.5% of patients); coagulopathy of liver disease (30.2% of patients); and coagulopathy of vitamin K deficiency (23.3% of patients). Patients with the coagulopathy of liver disease had significantly lower levels of factors XII, V, and antithrombin III as well as longer thrombin times than patients with no coagulopathy or vitamin K deficiency. Factor V levels were decreased only in patients with more advanced liver disease; normal levels of factor V were not usually helpful in differentiating liver disease and vitamin K deficiency. The prothrombin time, factor VII-X levels, and factor II levels were significantly different for all three groups; the most abnormal values occurred in the vitamin K-deficient group. Comparison of the Echis II level to factor II coagulant activity was helpful in deciding whether a coagulopathy was due to liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or both. Factor VIII levels were elevated in all groups. Factor VIII coagulant activity was significantly higher by the two-stage (TGT) method than by the one-stage (PTT) method. Hypersplenism causing neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was commonly seen after the age of 5 years. Vitamin E deficiency was more common than vitamin K deficiency; however, all vitamin K-deficient patients were vitamin E deficient. Coagulation status correlated well with hepatobiliary scan data, but not serum bilirubin levels. Recommendations for treatment of patients with vitamin K deficiency and/or liver disease are discussed.
A pharmacokinetic analysis of the uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by golden shiners

A 96-h, static, nonconstant exposure design was used to assess pharmacokinetic parameters and to identify the rate-limiting process in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) uptake by golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas). Fish were exposed individually to 14C-labeled PCBs corresponding to Aroclor 1254 (A1254). After various intervals (2–96 h), fish and water were analyzed for total radioactivity. Uptake of PCBs and decline of the external water concentration were both rapid. A clearance constant-based one-compartment model was used to represent the fish. Model-based equations for PCB concentrations in the fish and in the water were fitted simultaneously to the observed data with the PCNONLIN™ computer program. The absorption clearance constant was 30.8 ml·h−1·g−1 fish, which identified gill blood flow as the uptake rate-controlling process. The model-predicted apparent volume of distribution, Vd, and bioconcentration factor, Kb, were 5,280 ml/g fish and 9,059 ml water per gram fish, respectively. The model-predicted elimination rate constant, ke, was 5.84 × 10−3h−1, corresponding to a t1/2 of 4.9 d.
A Super Conducting 60 cm Warm Bore Cosine Theta Dipole Magnet for the Jefferson Lab Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS)

The Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade involves building a new 12 GeV/c spectrometer for JLAB Hall C called the Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS). This device achieves 4.5 mSr acceptance at bend angles from 5.5 degrees to 40 degrees by using five magnetic elements. The other magnetic elements of the SHMS, including the small SC dipole used to achieve the small 5.5 degree scattering angle, are described elsewhere in this conference. The 4.5 T SC dipole provides momentum analysis for particles from 1 to 12 GeV/c and has bend strength of 13.5 Tm. The magnetic design, including multipole strengths, will be presented. The dipole's cold mass uses a stainless steel shrink fit force collar, titanium keys and a copper stabilized super conductor consisting of a 36 strand surplus SSC outer cable wave soldered to a copper extruded substrate. This combination provides for a very conservative magnet that can be assembled with little or no tooling and has a high degree of stability. The force collar mechanical analysis will be presented as well as details of the magnet cryostat.
Independent Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in the US Population

Background & Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have common metabolic risk factors. Despite reports from clinical studies, the association between NAFLD, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality are not clear at the population level. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, conducted from 1988 to 1994, and compared hepatic ultrasound and mortality data. Participants were classified into those with NAFLD (moderate or severe hepatic steatosis, based on ultrasound analysis, without any evidence of other liver disease; n=2492) and those without (absence of NAFLD or any other chronic liver diseases: controls). The prevalence of CVD was compared between subjects with and without NAFLD. Additional comparisons were made between NAFLD patients who had increased levels of liver enzymes and those who had normal levels. Independent predictors of CVD and cardiovascular mortality also were studied. Results During the follow-up period (median, 171 mo), 12.21% of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III participants died; cardiovascular mortality was 3.76%. Regardless of whether levels of liver enzymes were increased or not, individuals with NAFLD were older, predominantly male, more likely to be Hispanic, and less likely to be African American than controls. They also had a higher prevalence of all components of metabolic syndrome and CVD. Regardless of levels of liver enzymes, NAFLD was associated independently with CVD, after adjusting for major demographic, clinical, and metabolic confounders (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.44). The independent association of NAFLD with cardiovascular mortality was not statistically significant. Conclusions NAFLD is associated independently with an increased risk of CVD. However, NAFLD did not increase cardiovascular mortality over a 14-year period.
Extraanatomic Renal Revascularization: Surgical and Anatomic Variations

A thoracic-aorta-left renal artery bypass with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and three gastroduodenal right renal artery bypasses were constructed in four patients in whom loss of renal function and the potential for dialysis were imminent. These extraanatomic bypasses showed durable patency with preservation of renal function. Gastroduodenal-renal bypass requires an appreciation of the anatomic relationship of the right renal artery to the right renal vein. Anatomic studies were performed in 80 human cadavers to assess the anatomic relationships of the right renal artery with respect to the right renal vein. In 50% of the cadavers studied, the right renal artery was superior to the right renal vein. It was located inferior to the right renal vein in 17.5% and directly posterior in 32.5%. Extraanatomic bypasses may be required for treatment of renal hypertension or parenchymal salvage. Gastroduodenal-renal and thoracorenal reconstructions are unusual variants of extraanatomic bypasses, and though uncommonly required, may be extremely useful methods to employ for renal revascularization.
Resilience and competitiveness of small and medium size enterprises: an empirical research

A small- or medium-sized enterprise (SME) is normally a company that employs about 50–200 people. Because of the globalisation of market and operations, and technological advances, the competition among SMEs has radically increased over the years, and their survival is increasingly dependent on a number of factors including resilience of SMEs to refocus some of their strategies and technologies. In this article, a review of selected literature has been undertaken on some of the SME characteristics and new strategies, techniques and technologies that can provide a competitive advantage and sustainability in the global market and operations. Based on the literature review, a framework has been developed with key factors/enablers that determine the resilience and competitiveness of SMEs. This framework has been empirically studied by collecting data from SMEs. It involves a sample of 40 SMEs in the Southcoast of Massachusetts and provides further insight into the key characteristics associated with resilienc...
Diagenetic implications of calcite pseudomorphs after halite from the Joachim Dolomite (middle Ordovician), Arkansas

ABSTRACT Abundant and delicately preserved hopper shaped calcite pseudomorphs after halite occur in the supratidal-intertidal Joachim Dolomite (Middle Ordovician) of north Arkansas. The wispy intergrowth of matrix and hopper crystals and downward preferred hopper orientation suggest that the halite grew within the sediment from upward moving phreatic marine water by an evaporative pumping mechanism. The molds are filled with two generations of cement, a thin crust of euhedral, or limpid dolomite lining the hopper mold walls with monocrystalline or mosaic calcite spar filling the remaining pore space. Sr2+ concentrations for the limpid dolomite, calcite spar and dolomicrite are 424, 848, and 60 ppm, respectively. When compared to the Sr2+ concentrations obtained from Holoc ne and Pleistocene calcites and dolomites of subtidal, supratidal, and meteoric origins, Joachim calcite and limpid dolomite appears to be in equilibrium and both are interpreted as having formed from mixed meteoric-marine water. Low Sr2+ concentration in the dolomicrite indicates that it has undergone extensive diagenesis by low Sr2+ waters. A reconstruction of the sequence of diagenetic events based on petrographic and geochemical analyses is as follows: Stage 1. Dolomitization of tidal flat carbonates and halite hopper growth. Stage 2. Tidal flat progradation and influx of mixed meteoric-marine water which dissolved the halite and precipitated both dolomite and calcite. Early dolomite matrix began to convert to dolomicrite of present form and porosi y is reduced. Stage 3. Meteoric water completely dominated subsequent diagenesis by completing the dolomicrite conversion and eliminating the remaining porosity.
Turbo equalizations for broadband transmission on category 6 cable

The IEEE is interested in specifying the next generation 10 Gbps copper cable Ethernet network, termed 10GBASE-T. In the design of a 10GBASE-T transmission system over up to 100 meters of a standard category 6 cable, the equalization of widely spread channel impulse responses is one of the most challenging problems. In this paper, we investigate various turbo equalization techniques, applicable to this problem, and present performance for links using a 1/2 rate recursive systematic convolutional code in BPSK modulation.
Hsp104 Gives Clients the Individual Attention They Need

Yeast heat shock protein 104 (Hsp104), the only known eukaryotic disaggregase, remodels both disordered protein aggregates and cross-β sheet amyloids. To handle this diverse clientele, DeSantis et al. report that Hsp104 hexamers use distinct mechanisms—individual subunits are able to dissolve disordered aggregates, but global subunit cooperativity is required to untangle amyloids.
Random Forests for Photometric Redshifts

The main challenge today in photometric redshift estimation is not in the accuracy but in understanding the uncertainties. We introduce an empirical method based on Random Forests to address these issues. The training algorithm builds a set of optimal decision trees on subsets of the available spectroscopic sample, which provide independent constraints on the redshift of each galaxy. The combined forest estimates have intriguing statistical properties, notable among which are Gaussian errors. We demonstrate the power of our approach on multi-color measurements of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
Client Satisfaction: Traditional Care Versus Cluster Care

The purposes of this study were to describe and compare the level of satisfaction of clients receiving traditional care and those receiving cluster care. None of the studies reviewed described client satisfaction in the traditional and cluster care service delivery models using a reliable and valid instrument. The study sample consisted of 77 Medicaid-eligible elderly clients from three different home care agencies in an urban city. Of the 77 subjects, 37 (48 per cent) received cluster care, and 40 (52 percent) received traditional care. After receiving approval from the home health care agencies, subjects who agreed to participate in the study were asked to sign a consent form and to complete a demographic data sheet and the Gray's Home Care Satisfaction Scale (GHCSS). Internal consistency reliability for the GHCSS is 0.78, with content validity present. An independent student's t test showed a statistically significant difference in the level of satisfaction of clients receiving traditional care and cluster care ( t = −5.27, P = .0005). Clients receiving traditional care had higher levels of satisfaction than clients receiving cluster care. Additional findings showed that men in both the traditional and cluster care groups were more satisfied than women (t = −3.19, P = .003 and t = −2.96, P = .007, respectively). Analysis of varience showed that blacks in both the traditional and cluster care groups had lower levels of satisfaction than either whites or Hispanics. Implications of study findings are discussed.
Neurologic Complications of Renal Failure

In the patient with renal failure, the nervous system is the primary barometer of patient well-being. Whereas other manifestations of the uremic state such as anemia, heart failure, bone pain, muscle dysfunction, and skin rashes are evaluated by the physician, it is via the nervous system that patients with renal failure perceive that which is abnormal.(1)
Histamine liberation by gastric mucosa of pylorus-ligated rats damaged by acetic or salicylic acids.

SummaryThe stomachs of anesthetized, pylorus-ligated rats were filled with 154 mM NaCl, 100 mM HCl, 100 mM acetic acid or 20 mM salicylic acid in 100 mM HCl. After 90 min the fluids were removed, and they as well as the oxyntic gland area of the stomachs were analyzed for histamine. There was a rise in the frequency with which histamine could be detected in the acetic and salicylic acid solutions as compared with NaCl or HCl, and its mean concentration also increased. Gastric tissue exposed to acetic acid or salicylic acid contained about two-thirds as much histamine as did tissue exposed to NaCl or HCl. We infer that during damage histamine is present in the mucosal interstitial fluid where it can exert its characteristic physiological effects.
Pseudoatomic Orbital Compact Basis Sets: Applications to Metallic Systems

A self-consistent orbital-based scheme is applied to metallic systems and is found to be efficient for these materials. The technique uses the local density approximation in the pseudopotential framework, but replaces the planewave basis by a basis pseudoatomic orbitals constructed directly from the pseudoatoms. Free electron-like wavefunction components are handled by orthogonalizing the orbital basis to a few low energy planewaves as needed for good eigenvalue and total energy convergence. The method is fast and versatile enough to be used for a variety of problems. Applications to bulk bandstructures, total energies, and forces in Al and Nb are presented.