cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EL CAPITAL RELIGIOSO EVANGÉLICO EN LA CULTURA LOTINA

A cidade de Lota, em termos quantitativos, e a capital evangelica do Chile. De acordo com o Censo de 2002, 60% da populacao se declarou pertencente a esta religiao, uma questao que e reforcada nos registros de campo, na imprensa e em alguma literatura social. Ela, no entanto, em termos qualitativos, e a capital religiosa evangelica que e destacada no cotidiano de uma cidade diminuida em seu repertorio sociopolitico. Afirmase que funciona como um recurso comunitario para ser propriedade de todos, incluindo os nao crentes, e reconhecida por todos e lhe e atribuida um valor. E um “bem” que todos podem acessar, sendo mais visivel, duravel e imediato e funciona como um articulador da malha social, instância de controle e meio de salvacao para os habitantes de uma cidade que esta danificada, decadente e abandona. Palavras-chave: Religiao. Politica. Trabalho. Sindicatos. Capital religiosa.
Neuropsychological outcomes following stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampectomy

Abstract Objective The objective was to analyze neuropsychological testing data from 15 patients before and after stereotactic laser ablation surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and to describe the seizure outcomes after stereotactic laser ablation surgery. Methods A retrospective review of 15 patients who underwent stereotactic laser ablation and who also underwent neuropsychological testing before and after surgery was performed. Verbal and visual memory was assessed in all 15 patients using California Verbal Learning Test and Wechsler Memory Scale IV. Naming was assessed in 9 of 15 patients using the Boston Naming Test. Statistical analysis was performed to determine clinically significant changes using previously validated reliable change indices and proprietary Advanced Clinical Solutions software. Seizure outcome data were evaluated using Engel classification. Results Postsurgery neuropsychological evaluation demonstrated that all 15 patients experienced at least 1 clinically significant decline in either verbal or visual memory. Ten patients in this series, including five with dominant-hemisphere surgery, demonstrated decline in delayed memory for narrative information (Logical Memory II). By contrast, the Boston Naming Test demonstrated more favorable results after surgery. Two of nine patients demonstrated a clinically significant increase in naming ability, and only one of nine patients demonstrated a clinically significant decline in naming ability. With at least 6 months of follow-up after surgery, 33% reported seizure freedom. Conclusion Stereotactic laser ablation can result in clinically significant and meaningful decline in verbal and visual memory when comparing patients to their own presurgical baseline. Naming ability, conversely, is much less likely to be impacted by stereotactic laser ablation and may improve after the procedure.
The Moderating Role of Hospital Size on the Relationship between Patient Experience and Safety

Background: National health care quality initiatives for patient safety and patient care experience have been a strategic priority for hospital administrators and care providers for nearly two deca...
Travel and Movement in History: Frantz Fanon, Karen Horney, and Erich Fromm

In this chapter, we embark upon a historical journey, examining aspects of the lives and work of three individuals who attempted to incorporate the world outside the clinic into their theorizing about psychology and mental health: Frantz Fanon, Karen Horney, and Erich Fromm. These “worlded” clinicians waged important critiques of the psychological theories and practices of their time, particularly along the lines of race, gender, and political economy. We will pay attention to how elements of their own life travels informed their understanding of the importance of context vis-a-vis psychology. We will close with a concrete example of supportive intercultural travel by exploring the cross-cultural engagement of Zen Buddhism and D.T. Suzuki with Horney and Fromm.
Register-Based Ecologic Evaluation of Safety Signals Related to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children.

BACKGROUND In clinical trials of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV), some adverse events have been reported more frequently in the PCV vaccinated. Ten-valent PCV (PCV10) was introduced into the Finnish National Vaccination Programme (NVP) in September 2010. OBJECTIVE We conducted an ecologic register-based study to investigate further the reported adverse events after PCV. METHODS This study included data obtained from the Finnish nationwide, population-based registers. First diagnoses of febrile seizures, breath-holding, urticarial rash, asthma and Kawasaki's disease were included as outcomes obtained from the hospital discharge register. Data from Finnish Population Register during 2000-2014 for children age from 3 months to 10 years were used to estimate annual incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios of the outcomes were calculated between the target cohort of children eligible for PCV10 during 2010-2014 and a reference cohort before the NVP introduction (2004-2008). RESULTS No increases in the incidence of the adverse events after PCV10 introduction were found except for urticarial rash (incidence rate 2.48 vs. 1.60/1000 pyrs; incidence rate ratio, 1.54;95% CI 1.42-1.67). This increase was seen also in the unvaccinated older age groups in the post-vaccination era. The higher incidence of urticarial rash after the PCV10 introduction was due to the inclusion of diagnoses made in general medicine specialty in the discharge register because of a concomitant administrative change. CONCLUSION The results do not support public health concerns related to the previously reported adverse events. Concomitant changes in health care administration and coding introduced bias, which was controlled after further evaluation of the data. We consider this register-based approach with realworld data feasible in the signal validation process after any signal detection.
Effect of humidity on crack healing in glass from in-situ investigations using an ESEM

In-situ healing of Vickers indentation cracks in soda-lime-silicate glass was observed using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The change in crack length as a function of time and temperature was studied. The effect of the initial humidity level on the crack healing behavior was also investigated in-situ by varying the initial temperature of the specimen and the ESEM specimen chamber pressure. The crack healing results were fit to an equation previously used to describe thermal and mechanical fatigue crack behavior in ceramics.
Some Practical Problems in Gas-Liquid Chromatography

I do agree with Dr. Eik-Nes that most of you have different problems than we usually encounter in injecting pure materials on the column. The wonder to me is that this technique works at all at the levels that I have seen during the last two days. I think at this point I have only a few more points to make concerning some actual problems.
No Zones Left Behind: Democratic Hepatocytes Contribute to Liver Homeostasis and Repair.

Summary Despite minimal turnover, liver cells possess immense regenerative capacity. Some studies suggest existence of a hepatocyte subset with such unique capabilities. However, in the current issue of Cell Stem Cell, three independent studies ( Chen et al., 2020 , Matsumoto et al., 2020 , and Sun et al., 2020 ) demonstrate an equitable homeostatic and reparative potential of all hepatocytes, irrespective of their lobular location or ploidy status.
Elliptic-Curve Basics

This chapter covers the essentials of elliptic curves as used in cryptography. The first section of the chapter gives the basics concepts of elliptic curves: the main defining equations for the curves of interest and an explanation of the arithmetic operations of “addition” and “multiplication” in the context of elliptic curves. We shall follow standard practice and first define elliptic curves over the field of real numbers, with geometric and algebraic interpretations of the arithmetic operations in relation to points on a curve.
How Nanopore Translocation Experiments Can Measure RNA Unfolding

Electrokinetic translocation of biomolecules through solid-state nanopores represents a label-free single-molecule technique that may be used to measure biomolecular structure and dynamics. Recent investigations have attempted to distinguish individual transfer RNA (tRNA) species based on the associated pore translocation times, ion-current noise, and blockage currents. By manufacturing sufficiently smaller pores, each tRNA is required to undergo a deformation to translocate. Accordingly, differences in nanopore translocation times and distributions may be used to infer the mechanical properties of individual tRNA molecules. To bridge our understanding of tRNA structural dynamics and nanopore measurements, we apply molecular dynamics simulations using a simplified "structure-based" energetic model. Calculating the free-energy landscape for distinct tRNA species implicates transient unfolding of the terminal RNA helix during nanopore translocation. This provides a structural and energetic framework for interpreting current experiments, which can aid the design of methods for identifying macromolecules using nanopores.
Simultaneous material, shape and topology optimization

Abstract Using three design fields we develop an optimization environment that can simultaneously optimize material, shape and topology. We use the implicit representation of the boundaries with level-set functions that define the shape and topology. Differentiable R-functions allow us to combine these shapes and topology descriptions with Boolean operations. Additionally, we incorporate design dependent-stiffness materials with another design field. Notably, this framework accommodates design dependent loads, has the ability to introduce holes, and ensures the satisfaction of optimality criteria. It builds upon the fictitious domain, ersatz material, material interpolation and level-set methods. It also borrows from parameterized density-based topology optimization methods. Since analytical sensitivities can be computed, we use efficient nonlinear programming algorithms to update the design instead of the Hamilton–Jacobi’s scheme of level-set methods. We illustrate the features of our framework by designing a cantilever beam with octet truss microlattice, a dam with design-dependent loads, and a composite clevis plate.
Testing Programs to Detect Malicious Faults

Program testing has traditionally been of two kinds: for fault finding (debugging), and for establishing operational reliability (confidence). We investigate the question of using traditional methods to determine the dependability of a program, under two assumptions: (1) the only sources of failure are inadvertent mistakes in design, coding, etc., and the program developers cooperate in trying to eliminate such faults. (2) the source of failure is sabotage — malicious code is inserted in the program and cleverly concealed. Paradoxically, it appears to be easier to detect sabotage than subtle unintentional mistakes, in the off-line situation where the sabotage takes place during development, and must be detected prior to program release. Furthermore, the very situations that can make traditional testing a nightmare, for example, real-time constraints, actually may help a tester trying to detect sabotage.
A Middle Range Approach to Theory Development for Service Organizations

(1994). A Middle Range Approach to Theory Development for Service Organizations. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 85-85.
Down the Digital Vertigo

In this age of great exhibitionism, Andrew Keen reminds us that today’s creepy can easily become tomorrow’s necessity if we take privacy, choice and autonomy for granted. The future will be here before we know it; in the meantime, it makes sense to watch our steps lest we trip into a digital vertigo that isn’t necessarily what we want.
The American Bar Association (ABA) 2007 Model Code of Judicial Conduct: What Does it Mean to Juvenile and Family Court Judges?

This article is an examination of the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Code of Judicial Conduct (2007) and codes in states that have adopted the 2007 Code or made revisions based on it. The discussion will be limited to those Canons and Rules that are of concern to juvenile and family court judges in exercising their leadership roles in judicial and extrajudicial duties to help juveniles and their families in and outside the courtroom. Nothing in this article is to be considered the rendering of legal advice. Judges are urged to examine the codes of judicial conduct in their own states.
Reaching the Margins: Critical Feminist Practices in Nonformal Education for Street Children

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the value of merging feminist and critical theory to undergird effective nonformal education practices for street children. Worldwide, street and working children deserve the chance, but lack the educational resources, to become critically conscious and productive citizens. The article examines nonformal education, defined as an alternative to traditional schooling, in which students learn vocational trades or academic subjects, aimed at enhancing their lives. Further, the paper intersects and applies feminist and critical epistemologies for marginalized youth. Vis-a-vis critical feminist practices, nonformal education programs globally can reach the widest possible sector and facilitate the growth and development of the most vulnerable populations.
Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a rare malignancy associated with the human retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. It is characterized by the proliferation of highly pleomorphic lymphocytes. Involvement of peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and extranodal sites such as skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system can occur. There are four distinct clinical variants, and the prognosis and clinical course range from highly aggressive to a more protracted course depending on the subtype. We describe a man with de novo adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and discuss the unique clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of this entity.
Aging‐like changes in the transcriptome of irradiated microglia

Whole brain irradiation remains important in the management of brain tumors. Although necessary for improving survival outcomes, cranial irradiation also results in cognitive decline in long-term survivors. A chronic inflammatory state characterized by microglial activation has been implicated in radiation-induced brain injury. We here provide the first comprehensive transcriptional profile of irradiated microglia. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to isolate CD11b+ microglia from the hippocampi of C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice 1 month after 10 Gy cranial irradiation. Affymetrix gene expression profiles were evaluated using linear modeling and rank product analyses. One month after irradiation, a conserved irradiation signature across strains was identified, comprising 448 and 85 differentially up- and downregulated genes, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated enrichment for inflammation, including M1 macrophage-associated genes, but also an unexpected enrichment for extracellular matrix and blood coagulation-related gene sets, in contrast previously described microglial states. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis confirmed these findings and further revealed alterations in mitochondrial function. The RNA-seq transcriptome of microglia 24-h postradiation proved similar to the 1-month transcriptome, but additionally featured alterations in apoptotic and lysosomal gene expression. Reanalysis of published aging mouse microglia transcriptome data demonstrated striking similarity to the 1-month irradiated microglia transcriptome, suggesting that shared mechanisms may underlie aging and chronic irradiation-induced cognitive decline. GLIA 2015;63:754-767.
Potential Vorticity Diagnosis in the Quasigeostrophic and Nonlinear Balance Systems

Abstract Quantitative diagnosis of low-Rossby-number flows using potential vorticity (PV) includes using elements of PV advection to deduce instantaneous tendencies of the balanced atmospheric state, most commonly the geopotential field. This technique, piecewise tendency diagnosis (PTD), is here applied with the prognostic balance equations (Bal-PTD) to obtain a quantitative dynamical diagnosis that in principle may be much more accurate than similar diagnoses using the quasigeostrophic (QG) equations. When both are applied systematically to a case of rapid oceanic cyclogenesis, differences are found to arise owing to a variety of factors. The dominant factor is differences in the vertical influence of PV anomalies, which affects the partitioning between local and remote processes. QG overestimates the effect of lower-level PV, including surface potential temperature, in amplifying and controlling the motion of the upper-level system. Other differences are found, but overall the QG diagnosis gives result...
Placental abruption is more frequent in women with the angiotensinogen Thr235 mutation.

Objective: Obstetrical complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and placental abruption are associated with inadequate placental perfusion. Previous studies have shown that the angiotensinogen (AGT) Thr235 mutation is associated with abnormal remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries and occurs at higher frequencies in preeclampsia. This study was done to evaluate whether the AGT Thr235 mutation increases the risk of placental abruption. Materials and methods: We compared 62 placentas from women who had placental abruption with 240 control patients of similar age and ethnicity. DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks from placentas. AGT Met235Thr mutation status was determined by single fluoresceine labeled probe real-time PCR using a LightCycler system. Result: AGT genotypes were divided into three groups: MM (homozygous wild), TT (homozygous mutant), and MT (heterozygous). The constituent ratio of AGT genotype in abrupted placentas (MM 14.5%, MT 43.5%, TT 41.9%) was significantly different from in control group (MM42.5%, MT 39.6%, TT 17.9%) (p < 0.001). AGT mutant allele frequency in placental abruption (0.637) was significantly higher than in the control group (0.377) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The AGT Thr235 mutation was observed more frequently in placental abruption. AGT Thr235 mutation may be considered a risk factor for placental abruption. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Reproducibility of plasma catecholamine metabolites in normal subjects.

Background: Plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) and methoxy-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) are often used in repeated measurement designs to assess dopamine and norepinephrine metabolism in clinical research. However, only limited data on the reproducibility of these metabolites are currently available. Methods: Plasma HVA and MHPG were measured in normal volunteers on five nonconsecutive mornings under fasting conditions and restricted smoking and physical activity. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for plasma HVA and MHPG across 5 days were determined to be 0.85 and 0.79, respectively. ICC improved to 0.90 for HVA and 0.91 for MHPG when the average of the first 2 days was examined against the average of the last 2 days. Conclusions: Results suggested that under controlled conditions plasma HVA and MHPG measurements have good reproducibility.
Extraocular perception of polarized light by orienting salamanders

Spatial orientation corresponding to the bearing of thee-vector of linearly polarized light can be demonstrated in sighted and eyeless salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) trained under linearly polarized light. However, if opaque polyethylene plastic is inserted over the skull of these animals, whether they are sighted or eyeless, orientation is uniform within the test arena. Bidirectional oriented movement is restored in both groups, however, when transparent plastic is substituted in the same animals. A discussion of the possible mechanism for perception of polarized light by extraocular photoreceptors (EOPs) is given.
Towards harmony in Polar geobotany

The Arctic and Antarctic: Their Division into Geobotanical Areas. By V.D. Aleksandrova. Pp.247. (Cambridge University Press: 1980.) £15, $34.50.
Continuous solutions of systems of nonlinear difference equations with continuous argument and their properties

We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of continuous N-periodic solutions (N is a positive integer number) for a certain class of systems of nonlinear difference equations with continuous argument and study their properties.
The Physicochemical Properties Of Vpi-7: A Microporous Zincosilicate With Three-Membered Rings

The synthesis of materials with void volumes in excess of 50% is an ongoing challenge in molecular sieve science. It has been shown that a correlation exists between the minimum framework density (FD) and the smallest ring in which all tetrahedral atoms reside (MINR). Based on this evidence it appears that materials containing 3-membered rings (3MR) will be necessary in order to obtain FDs lower than those currently attainable. Several framework beryllosilicate minerals including the natural zeolite, lovdarite, contain 3MRs. Unfortunately, beryllium can form highly toxic compounds that limit its suitability for many applications. Thus, in this study we have searched for a replacement for Be and have found that zinc is a suitable substitute with respect to the formation of three-membered rings. We report here VPI-7, a novel zincosilicate molecular sieve which contains three-membered rings. The VPI-7 framework contains rings composed of 3-, 4- and 5 T-atoms which form unidimensional 8- and intersecting 9MR channels.
Dihydropyridine binding sites regulate calcium influx through specific voltage-sensitive calcium channels in cerebellar granule cells.

: In primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells, [3H]nitrendipine binds with high affinity to a single site (KD 1 nM and Bmax 20 fmol/mg protein). The 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) class of compounds such as nitrendipine, nifedipine, and BAY K 8644 displace [3H]nitrendipine binding at nanomolar concentrations. Verapamil partially inhibits whereas diltiazem slightly increases the [3H]nitrendipine binding. In these cells, the calcium influx that is induced by depolarization is very rapid and is blocked by micromolar concentrations of inorganic calcium blockers such as cadmium, cobalt, and manganese. The calcium influx resulting from cell depolarization is potentiated by BAY K 8644 and partially inhibited (approximately 40%) by nitrendipine and nifedipine. Other non-DHP voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) antagonists, such as verapamil and diltiazem, completely blocked the depolarization-induced calcium influx. This suggested that nitrendipine and nifedipine block only a certain population of VSCCs. In contrast, verapamil and diltiazem do not appear to be selective and block all of VSCCs. Perhaps some VSCCs can be allosterically modulated by the binding site for the DHPs, whereas verapamil and diltiazem may block completely the function of all VSCCs by occupying a site that differs from the DHP binding site.
Studies of the phosphodiesterase from rattlesnake venom.

Abstract Phosphodiesterase from rattlesnake venom has been purified by 3 successive chromatographies, two on Amberlite IRC-50, XE-64, and one on CM-cellulose. The total purification achieved was over 70 fold, and the total yield was about 10%. The final product approached chromatographic purity. The purified phosphodiesterase was free from 5′-nucleotidase, ophio-adenosinetriphosphatase, DNase and RNase. It rapidly hydrolyzed the oligonucleotide fractions, obtained from the digest of DNA by DNase I, producing almost exclusively mononucleotides. A small amount of a nucleoside, however, has been detected in some fractions. The origin of this nucleoside can not yet be explained.
Hyperfine-structure measurements in the Rydberg S and P states of rubidium and cesium

We have measured the hyperfine structure in many highly-excited $S$ and $P$ states of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$. The results for the magnetic-dipole coupling constants are, in MHz, for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$: $A(10^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=56.3(2)$, $A(11^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=37.4(3)$; and for $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$: $A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=110.1(5)$, $A(13^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=18.4(1)$, $A(14^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.4(1)$, $A(15^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=10.1(1)$, $A(16^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=7.73(5)$, $A(17^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=6.06(10)$, $A(10^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.9(2)$.
Size and sequence homology of masked maternal and embryonic histone messenger RNAs.

Abstract The messenger RNAs for five classes of histone proteins are shown by competitive RNA-DNA hybridization to be stored in the unfertilized egg of the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus. The masked mRNAs for f2b, f2a2, f3 and f2al histones migrate in polyacrylamide slab gels with the same mobility as the histone mRNAs that are synthesized after fertilization and are found engaged in protein synthesis on polysomes. The masked maternal and embryonic mRNAs for histone f2a1 are identical in mobility when analyzed in a gel system capable of resolving differences estimated as small as 4–5 nucleotides in length. We conclude that these histone mRNAs synthesized during oogenesis and inactive prior to fertilization are not activated during embryogeny by alteration in their molecular size.
Celecoxib transiently inhibits cellular protein synthesis.

Abstract To uncover the full spectrum of its pharmacological activities, the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib is routinely being used at concentrations of up to 100 μM in cell culture. At these elevated concentrations, several COX-2-independent effects were identified, although many details of these events have remained unclear. Here, we report a COX-2-independent effect of celecoxib that might have profound consequences for the interpretation of previous results obtained at elevated concentrations of this drug in vitro. We found that celecoxib rapidly inhibits general protein translation at concentrations as low as 30 μM. This appears to be a consequence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and entails the phosphorylation and inactivation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). These effects were not achieved by other coxibs (rofecoxib, valdecoxib) or traditional NSAIDs (indomethacin, flurbiprofen), but were mimicked by the COX-2-inactive celecoxib analog, 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), indicating COX-2 independence. Considering the obvious impact of blocked translation on cellular function, we provide evidence that this severe inhibition of protein synthesis might suffice to explain some of the previously reported COX-2-independent effects of celecoxib, such as the down-regulation of the essential cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D, which is a short-lived protein that rapidly disappears in response to the inhibition of protein synthesis. Taken together, our findings establish ER stress-induced inhibition of general translation as a critical outcome of celecoxib treatment in vitro, and suggest that this effect needs to be considered when interpreting observations from the use of this drug in cell culture.
Infectious diseases of freshwater mussels and other freshwater bivalve mollusks.

Numerous species of freshwater mussels (order Unionoida) are imperiled in the wild, and unionoids and other freshwater bivalves are important components of many ecosystems. Freshwater mussels also are propagated in captivity for production of pearls and enhancement of wild populations. However, infectious diseases of these mollusks have received relatively little attention. Unionidae is the most diverse family of freshwater bivalves, and most of the information available for this review is about species in this family. Eukaryotic organisms, especially trematodes, mites, and Conchophthirus spp. (Ciliata) are common inhabitants of unionids, and some have the potential to decrease the fitness of the host unionid. Several species of potentially pathogenic bacteria have been isolated from freshwater bivalves, but their role in diseases of bivalves has not been established. Evidence for viral diseases has been found in only one species of freshwater bivalve, a Chinese pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii. The poten...
Acetylation of aliphatic mono- and diamines by man and rat

Abstract Urinary excretion of the acetylated products of 2-aminoethanol, 1-aminobutane, 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, and 1,5-diaminopentane were studied. Traces of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide, and N-(3-aminopropyl)-acetamide were identified in human urine.
Structure-related paraffin sorption in ZSM-5

Normal hexane sorption isobars for high silica ZSM-5 display an inflection; the derivative curve clearly reveals two, equal area, distinct peaks, indicating two adsorption regimes for hexane in ZSM-5. The break between the two peaks occurs at 3.7 hexane molecules/unit cell, close to 4, the number of intersections (I), the number of straight channel double ten rings (S), and the number of zig-zag channel double ten rings (Z)/unit cell. The high loading region (5–8 molecules of n-hexane/unit cell) hexane desorbs rapidly relative to desorption in the low loading region (0–4/unit cell). n-Decane does not show this effect; a single peak is observed in its derivative desorption curve. The length of the n-hexane molecule is equal to the length of potential channel adsorption segments, indicating that molecular length is the critical factor. Entropic factors are likely responsible for the weaker adsorption at higher loadings.
Particle travel times of contaminants incorporated into a planning model for groundwater plume capture

Abstract In problems of groundwater contamination, the cost of long-term remediation can run into millions of dollars. Often the objective of the cleanup strategy involves minimizing or constraining the time it takes to remove all contaminants from the aquifer. Here, a planning model for the withdrawal of contaminated groundwater is presented that enables one to consider remediation problems in which cleanup time is an important component. An existing quasi-analytic solution for advective contaminant transport is combined with nonlinear optimization to determine the distribution of pumping and injection rates. Although the simulation model is simple, its combined use with the optimization procedure is a useful tool. Examples demonstrate how cleanup time as a management variable can dictate the design of the restoration system. The relationship between pumping rates and the ultimate cleanup time proved to be a highly nonlinear function. Inspection of the “cleanup time surface” for a reduced problem provides insight into the nature of this nonlinearity and how it influences the selected restoration design. Analysis indicated that increasing the total pumping rate can result in an increase in total cleanup time due to the deflection of contaminant travel paths.
Synthetic fluorescent probes for studying copper in biological systems

The potent redox activity of copper is required for sustaining life. Mismanagement of its cellular pools, however, can result in oxidative stress and damage connected to aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, copper homeostasis is tightly regulated by cells and tissues. Whereas copper and other transition metal ions are commonly thought of as static cofactors buried within protein active sites, emerging data points to the presence of additional loosely bound, labile pools that can participate in dynamic signalling pathways. Against this backdrop, we review advances in sensing labile copper pools and understanding their functions using synthetic fluorescent indicators. Following brief introductions to cellular copper homeostasis and considerations in sensor design, we survey available fluorescent copper probes and evaluate their properties in the context of their utility as effective biological screening tools. We emphasize the need for combined chemical and biological evaluation of these reagents, as well as the value of complementing probe data with other techniques for characterizing the different pools of metal ions in biological systems. This holistic approach will maximize the exciting opportunities for these and related chemical technologies in the study and discovery of novel biology of metals.
Numerical optimization of generative network parameters

We address the design of complex, large-scale systems by viewing them as random networks, and optimizing network structure over generative parameters. We do not seek specific topologies, but rather classes of optimal or near optimal networks which correspond to desirable statistical behavior, while also allowing flexibility to accommodate unmodeled constraints. This approach is a computationally feasible forward design path for large-scale systems. A numerical example is given in which a network's degree distribution is optimized for combined efficiency and robustness in a cascading failure scenario; the work has application to electric distribution and other systems.
Optimization of PEM fuel cell flow field via local current density measurement

The serpentine flow field is the leading type of flow field used today in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and for this reason optimization of serpentine flow field design is extremely important. In this study, a unique technique developed in house is utilized to separately measure current density under the land and channel on a variety of serpentine flow field geometries. Each flow field is tested under a wide variety of operating conditions thereby providing guidance for the optimum design geometry. Experimental results show that generally flow fields with both thinner lands and thinner channels provide better overall performance. However, the optimal flow field designs are highly dependent on fuel cell operating parameters.
The heparin-binding site of antithrombin is crucial for antiangiogenic activity

The heparin-binding site of antithrombin is shown here to play a crucial role in mediating the antiangiogenic activity of conformationally altered cleaved and latent forms of the serpin. Blocking the heparin-binding site of cleaved or latent antithrombin by complexation with a high-affinity heparin pentasaccharide abolished the serpin's ability to inhibit proliferation, migration, capillary-like tube formation, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signaling, and perlecan gene expression in bFGF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mutation of key heparin binding residues, when combined with modifications of Asn-linked carbohydrate chains near the heparin-binding site, also could abrogate the anti-proliferative activity of the cleaved serpin. Surprisingly, mutation of Lys114, which blocks anticoagulant activation of antithrombin by heparin, caused the native protein to acquire antiproliferative activity without the need for conformational change. Together, these results indicate that the heparin-binding site of antithrombin is of crucial importance for mediating the serpin's antiangiogenic activity and that heparin activation of native antithrombin constitutes an antiangiogenic switch that is responsible for turning off the antiangiogenic activity of the native serpin.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients With Cancer

This is a literature review of the frequency of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with cancer and of the available evidence supporting the use of thromboprophylaxis. Patients with cancer are at particularly high risk of venous thromboembolism and account for almost 20% of patients in the population. Hospitalization is an important risk factor in patients with cancer, with rates reported between 0.6% and 7.8%. The incidence has been increasing over the past decade. Three randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses indicate that prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin, heparin, or fondaparinux significantly reduces the rate of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients who are at high risk. Patients with cancer were included in these studies, but prospective trials specifically focused on patients with cancer are not available. Evidence indicates that appropriate thromboprophylaxis is provided to a minority of hospitalized patients with cancer and that targeted educational efforts and computerized prompt systems can increase appropriate use. Guidelines developed by both oncology and thrombosis organizations support the use of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cancer. In conclusion, most patients hospitalized with cancer are at high risk of venous thromboembolism, and thromboprophylaxis should be provided in the absence of active bleeding or a high bleeding risk.
Rapid identification of clones using the same degenerate oligonucleotide mixture for both screening and sequencing.

Abstract A simple and rapid strategy for distinguishing between positively hybridizing colonies and false positive-hybridization signals is described. The isolation of a specific DNA sequence depends on the ability to distinguish between a clone that contains the correct sequence and a false hybridization-positive or background signal. This procedure utilizes the same oligonucleotide mixture both as a screening probe and as a sequencing primer. The mixture of oligonucleotides is used as a primer to obtain sequence information directly from double-stranded DNA. Conditions for sequencing with oligonucleotides having up to 64-fold degeneracy are described. Since the sequence information obtained is directly adjacent to the site of oligonucleotide: DNA hybridization, it is necessary to know only a minimal length of DNA or peptide sequence to both design oligonucleotide probes and confirm the authenticity of the hybridization positives. The advantages of the degenerate oligonucleotide sequencing method include the rapid, reliable identification of authentic versus false hybridization positives made directly without subcloning into single-stranded M13 phage, without sequencing large regions of DNA, or without synthesizing sequence-specific primers.
Transarterial Ductal Occlusion with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug in 31 Dogs

Background: Transarterial ductal occlusion with the Amplatzer vascular plug was first reported in dogs by Hogan et al in 2005. Hypothesis: Use of the Amplatzer vascular plug is a safe, efficacious method of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion. Animals: Thirty-one client-owned dogs with PDA. Methods: Records of 31 dogs in which transarterial occlusion of PDA with an Amplatzer vascular plug was attempted were reviewed. Results: All dogs had a type II PDA, with 27 dogs having type IIA morphology and 4 dogs having type IIB morphology. Appropriate device deployment was achieved in 29 of 31 dogs. Postdeployment angiography in 21 dogs documented complete occlusion in 10 dogs, trivial residual flow in 5 dogs, mild residual flow in 2 dogs, moderate residual flow in 3 dogs, and severe residual flow in 1 dog. Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography documented complete occlusion in 22 dogs, whereas 2 dogs had trivial residual flow, 2 dogs had mild residual flow, 2 dogs had mild to moderate residual flow, and 1 dog had severe residual flow. Of the 7 dogs with residual flow, 2 had complete occlusion 2–4 months postoperatively, 1 had moderate residual flow 1 month postoperatively, and 4 were lost to follow-up. One dog required a larger device than was able to be deployed through the largest sheath placed in the femoral artery. Pulmonary embolization of the device occurred in 1 dog. Conclusion: We conclude that ductal occlusion with an Amplatzer vascular plug is a safe and efficacious therapy for PDA in dogs.
Theoretical model of impact damage in structural ceramics

This paper presents a mechanistically consistent model of impact damage based on elastic failures due to tensile and shear overloading. An elastic axisymmetric finite element model is used to determine the dynamic stresses generated by a single particle impact. Local failures in a finite element are assumed to occur when the primary/secondary principal stresses or the maximum shear stress reach critical tensile or shear stresses, respectively. The succession of failed elements thus models macrocrack growth. Sliding motions of cracks, which closed during unloading, are resisted by friction and the unrecovered deformation represents the 'plastic deformation' reported in the literature. The predicted ring cracks on the contact surface, as well as the cone cracks, median cracks, radial cracks, lateral cracks, and damage-induced porous zones in the interior of hot-pressed silicon nitride plates, matched those observed experimentally. The finite element model also predicted the uplifting of the free surface surrounding the impact site.
Anticholinesterase Activity of Some Degradation Products of Physostigmine

The anticholinesterase activities of four degradation products of physostigmine have been determined in vitro using biochemical and biological assay techniques and in vivo by means of the rat chromodacryorrhea response. The degradation products are at least 100 times less active than the parent compound as anticholinesterase agents. Eseroline, rubreserine, and eserine blue are effective in high concentrations against the cholinesterase of horse and rabbit plasma but are much less active against the red blood cell cholinesterase; they exert no inhibitory action on the two human cholinesterase enzymes. In vivo, the degradation products are at least 1000 times less active than physostigmine. Lack of coloration of solutions of physostigmine does not necessarily indicate full anticholinesterase activity because a colorless product of hydrolysis, eseroline, possesses little or no anticholinesterase activity.
Uranium deposition in saanich inlet sediments, vancouver island

Abstract Deposition in organic-rich sediments is a major sink for uranium in the ocean. Uranium concentrations and 234U/238U ratios of paniculate matter collected by sediment traps and U concentrations in sediment pore waters collected in situ in Saanich Inlet were measured to study the process of U deposition in anoxic marine basins. The results provided direct evidence for two previously hypothesized mechanisms of U deposition in organic-rich sediments. Dissolved U is incorporated into particles in surface waters, possibly in association with autochthonous organic matter. Fluxes of paniculate authigenic U ranged between 0.025 and 0.4 dpm 238U cm−2 yr−1, with lowest fluxes occurring during winter months. Particulate U fluxes collected in the upper oxic water column and the lower anoxic waters were not significantly different, indicating that chemical scavenging of U by particles settling through the anoxic H2S-bearing bottom waters of Saanich Inlet contributes negligibly to the total paniculate U flux. Dissolved U also diffuses into the sediments where it is precipitated. The calculated diffusive flux of U into the sediments (5.3 · 10−3 dpm 238U cm−2 yr−1) is much smaller than the particulate U flux from the water column, and the sum of these two fluxes is less than the rate of authigenic U burial in the sediments (0.48 dpm 238U cm−2 yr−1), suggesting that an additional mechanism of U precipitation may be taking place at, or near, the sediment-water interface. The pore water data are consistent with thermodynamic predictions that U should be reduced and precipitated under the Eh and pH conditions of the sediments and suggest that previous studies which have indicated a flux of dissolved U out of anoxic marine sediments suffered from serious sampling artifacts.
Efficient modeling of simultaneous switching noise in a realistic computer system

This paper discusses a methodology to model I/O simultaneous switching noise (SSN) on power distribution of a computer system. The methodology combines two numerically efficient modeling techniques - for modeling plane resonances and non-linear drivers to solve large size problems. Simulation results using the method were compared with SSN measured on a realistic system to show the validity of the method.
Delayed resistance to transgenic cotton in pink bollworm

Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests and thus can reduce reliance on insecticides. Widespread planting of such Bt crops increased concerns that their usefulness would be cut short by rapid evolution of resistance to Bt toxins by pests. Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) is a major pest that has experienced intense selection for resistance to Bt cotton in Arizona since 1997. We monitored pink bollworm resistance to Bt toxin for 8 years with laboratory bioassays of strains derived annually from 10-17 cotton fields statewide. Bioassay results show no net increase from 1997 to 2004 in the mean frequency of pink bollworm resistance to Bt toxin. A synthesis of experimental and modeling results suggests that this delay in resistance can be explained by refuges of cotton without Bt toxin, recessive inheritance of resistance, incomplete resistance, and fitness costs associated with resistance.
Alumina surfaces with nanoscale topography reduce attachment and biofilm formation by Escherichia coli and Listeria spp.

This work reports on a simple, robust and scientifically sound method to develop surfaces able to reduce microbial attachment and biofilm development, with possible applications in medicine, dentistry, food processing, or water treatment. Anodic surfaces with cylindrical nanopores 15 to 100 nm in diameter were manufactured and incubated with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Listeria innocua. Surfaces with 15 and 25 nm pore diameters significantly repressed attachment and biofilm formation. Surface–bacteria interaction forces calculated using the extended Derjaguin Landau Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory indicate that reduction in attachment and biofilm formation is due to a synergy between electrostatic repulsion and surface effective free energy. An attachment study using E. coli K12 strains unable to express appendages also suggests that the small-pore surfaces may inhibit flagella-dependent attachment. These results can have immediate, far-reaching implications and commercial applications, with substantia...
Incidence of intercostobrachial nerve injury after transaxillary breast augmentation.

Background: Although many studies on transaxillary breast augmentation (TBA) have been published, none has examined the incidence of intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) injury after aesthetic surgery. Objective: This study was designed to measure the incidence of ICBN injury after endoscopic and non-endoscopic TBA, and to determine anatomic guidelines for the avoidance of iatrogenic injury to the ICBN. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed nationally to 1000 plastic surgeons selected randomly from the roster of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. The questionnaire sought information on the surgeons' experience, technique, and complication rate with regard to TBA. Anatomic dissections of 6 unpreserved axillae were also performed. Results: Our survey response rate was 50%; of those responding, 26.8% of surgeons (134) performed TBA. Of the 134 surgeons performing TBA, 72 (53.7%) used an endoscope. The overall complication rate was 62.7%, which included upper-arm and shoulder pain, numbness, sensory loss, and tingling, and upper-arm fibrous banding. No significant differences were seen between the complication rates for the endoscopic (66.7%) and open (58.1%) TBA groups. With few exceptions, all symptoms resolved in 3 to 6 months. The dissection study confirmed the location of the ICBN as being immediately subcutaneous in the axilla. Conclusions: TBA is associated with a high incidence of injury to the ICBN. Our findings indicate that the use of an endoscope with the transaxillary approach does not significantly affect the rate of injury to the ICBN. The dissection study performed helped to confirm that an immediately subcutaneous plane of dissection in the axilla is safest with regard to avoiding injury to the ICBN. (Aesthetic Surg J 2002;22:26-32.)