cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α regulates B lymphocyte development via an indirect pathway in mice

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor α (PPARα), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and immune response. Adaptive immune responses are suppressed by exposure to PPARα agonists, resulting in severe thymus and spleen atrophy. In addition, the decline in both T and B cells is due in part to the loss of splenocytes upon exposure to PPARα agonists. Thus, the current study was designed to examine the effect of Wy-14,643, a potent PPARα agonist, on B cell development in bone marrow from wild-type and PPARα-null mice. Significantly decrease in pro/pre-B cell and total B220 + cell was observed in wild-type mice in bone marrow upon Wy-14,643 treatment, but not in PPARα-null mice. Immature and mature B cell populations are not affected. This suggests that PPARα is involved in the development of B cell during lymphoid lineage. However, surprisingly, PPARα mRNA was absent in bone marrow as revealed by RT-PCR. Therefore, the effect of PPARα on B cell development is by an indirect mechanism.
The potential economic benefits of energy conservation research

Abstract We have examined the value to society, in terms of potential economic benefit, of successful completion of energy conservation research. The results of the analysis indicate that energy conservation research can be judged on the same basis as energy supply technologies and show very favorably. Based on life-cycle analysis using a 3% real discount rate, we found that conservation research in buildings, transportation, and industrial sectors could result in a net savings, between 1991 and 2020, of $1.6 trillion. If a ten-fold return in research dollars invested were required, the nation could justify spending more than $25 billion per year between now and 1990 to achieve those savings, although the needed investment is almost certainly less than this amount. The essential message is that conservation research promises large returns and is an investment that the nation cannot afford not to make.
SIMD-aware loop unrolling for embedded code optimization

Due to the rising complexity of modern embedded media applications (EMAs), the instruction level parallelism (ILP) is not sufficient to meet the need. Compilers must have the capability to exploit the superword level parallelism (SLP), which can expose more concurrency lying in applications, minimize the latency created by memory access and hence produce more efficient codes. The loop is a good candidate for SLP extraction because of its paralleled structure between iterations. This work analyzes the memory access patterns found in EMAs and presents our method of loop unrolling to fully utilize these patterns to generate efficient Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions. Experimental results performed on TriMedia TM-1300 processor for the H.264 encoder show performance improvement by a factor ranging from 3 to 30 times with an average of 12 times.
Tuning the Glass Transition of and Ion Transport within Hydrogen-Bonded Layer-by-Layer Assemblies

The influence of pH and ionic strength on the structure and properties of hydrogen-bonded layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is explored. The degree of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding is estimated from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the glass transition temperature is measured using differential scanning calorimetry of bulk free-standing films, and ionic conductivity is studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results indicate that (PEO/PAA) LbL films assembled without added salt are sensitive to pH, with a Tg decrease (59−26 °C) and intermolecular hydrogen bonding increase (27 to 51% COOH groups bonding with PEO) with increasing assembly pH (2 to 3). Films assembled in the presence of 0.1 M lithium triflate exhibit properties independent of assembly pH (Tg ∼ 48 °C and 12% COOH groups bonding with PEO), presumably due to the “screening” of hydrogen bonds. Ionic conductivity is found to range from 10-6 to 10-10 S cm-1...
Adenosine Reverses Calcium-Dependent Inhibition of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Action and Induction of Maturation in Cumulus-Enclosed Rat Oocytes*

Previous studies indicate that an increase in calcium in the oocyte-cumulus complex (OCC) appears to be associated with induction of oocyte maturation. In contrast, we previously showed that adenosine augments FSH inhibition of maturation in isolated rat OCC. The objective of the present studies was to assess whether adenosine may inhibit calciuminduced oocyte maturation in rat OCC. Two calcium ionophores (A23187 and ionomycin) were used for these studies. In the intact OCC, both ionophores inhibited FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and stimulated germinal vesicle breakdown when spontaneous maturation was inhibited by FSH, but the ionophores had no effect when maturation was inhibited by Bu2 cAMP. In contrast, adenosine amplified FSH-sensitive cAMP accumulation and augmented FSH inhibition of oocyte maturation in the intact OCC. Moreover, adenosine reversed ionophore- dependent inhibition of cAMP accumulation and ionophore induction of oocyte maturation in the intact OCC incubated with FSH. Adenosine, ion...
A practical general method for constructing LR(k) parsers

The paper presents in detail the case for k=1 of a practical general method for constructing LR(k) parsers. For k=1 this method is of rival efficiency to the previous general algorithm described by the author in [21]. The method involves combining the states of an LR(k) parser as they are generated, reducing to a fraction, in the process, the number of configurations that need actually be evaluated, or for which space must be assigned -- compared to such general methods as those of [1, 11, 12, 17]. The criteria of compatibility introduced for this purpose are such that the parser obtained is in practice identical in size to, or negligibly larger than, that obtained by resolving the inadequacies of an LR(o) parser (as is done for various subsets of the LR(k) grammars in [5, 8, 14, 20]).
Acute Upper Extremity Injuries in Young Athletes

Acute upper extremity injuries are common in child and adolescent athletes as a result of sports participation, particularly collision and contact sports. In addition, skeletally immature athletes can sustain unique injuries that must be differentiated from those sustained by skeletally mature athletes. Emergency care providers must be aware of these acute injuries to properly evaluate and manage them. This review describes current strategies for the evaluation and treatment of acute common sports injuries in addition to less common but more problematic sports injuries to the upper extremity of youth athletes. Common injury mechanisms, pertinent history and physical examination, radiographic findings, initial treatment, need for subspecialty referral, and return-to-play guidelines are discussed.
Schubert cells and representation theory

Let G be a linear, real, reductive group, and let P be a parabolic subgroup. The Bruhat decomposition of G gives a cellular decomposition of the generalized flag manifold X = G/P. Originating in the work of Schubert on Grassmann manifolds, this cellular decomposition was used by Ehresmann [Eh] to give a proof of the basis theorem for the integral cohomology of Grassmannians. Since Ehresmann it has been clear that, for a generalized flag manifold X, a more detailed understanding of this decomposition by generalized Schubert cells would provide a determination of the integral (co-)homology of X. The aim of this article is to give a representation theoretic determination of the differentials in the Schubert cell decomposition of X and thereby obtain a combinatorial description of the integral (co-)homology of X. Our primary tool will be the infinite-dimensional representation theory of G. If G and P are complex groups, elementary considerations show that all Schubert cells define non-zero integral homology classes and that none are torsion. Moreover, the cohomology has the well-known connection to finitedimensional representation theory ([Ct], [Ko1], [Ko2], [Bt]). For real groups G and P, even in low dimensions, torsion can be present in the homology of real flag manifolds. Thus the major new development in this paper is that the infinite-dimensional representation theory of G detects which real Schubert cells define integral, in particular torsion, classes in the (co-)homology. The innovation on the representation-theoretic side that makes possible the consideration of (co-)homology with integer coefficients is the geometric formulation of representation theory introduced by Beilinson-Bernstein. To compute homology we use a topological technique that applies to spaces with filtration. Let X p be the union of Schubert cells whose dimension
Hercules : a modeling system with knowledge about economics

The paper is concerned with the effectiveness of economic modeling. It argues that the key problems of economic modeling are the time and effort it takes to implement a model, the problems of detecting and correcting errors and the difficulties involved in communicating assumptions. The logical consequence is to improve the model representation and the error detection capabilities of modeling systems. The paper discusses information content and error detection in models that use conventional mathematical notation and argues that we need a model representation with more information than is usually available in mathematical representations. HERCULES, a modeling system for large economywide static models is then presented. The system uses a model representation in which all economic assumptions are directly available. This makes model implementation much faster and prevents certain types of errors. In other cases, error detection and error messages are far superior to those of general purpose mathematical modeling systems. The technical implementation of HERCULES, designed to allow maximum flexibility for future enhancements, is discussed.
Scanning laser mapping of the coastal zone: the SHOALS system

The SHOALS system uses lidar technology to remotely measure bathymetry and topography in the coastal zone. During five years of survey operations, SHOALS has demonstrated airborne lidar bathymetry's benefits to the coastal community by providing a cost-effective tool for comprehensive assessment of coastal projects. This paper discusses the application of lidar technology for water-depth measurement, specifically outlining the SHOALS system and introducing a SHOALS survey from Saco River, ME.
Market segmentation of non-adopters of balanced scorecard using CHAID analysis

Organisations believe that the adoption of popular management tools enables them to radically improve their performance. Balanced scorecard (BSC) is one of the popular tools that have been gaining prominence globally and are also being adopted by Indian organisations for performance improvement and strategic alignment. The research outlines the prospective market segments towards balanced scorecard implementation. A criterion-based scheme integrating chi-square automatic interaction detection algorithm (CHAID) has been utilised to separate the responding organisations into mutually exclusive segments. Among the four resultant segments, two are identified as actionable segments according to the gain index score resulting from the CHAID algorithm. The results from the study also indicate that there are significant variations in demographic characteristics among the respondent organisations grouped into actionable and non-actionable ones. With analyses of two actionable segments, variations in demographic characteristics are also manifested in this research. It has been observed that the motivations for organisations to adopt balanced scorecard and the inhibitions amongst non-adopting organisations towards balanced scorecard adoption require intense research attention.
Children exposed to disaster: II. Risk factors for the development of post-traumatic symptomatology.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the influence of subject and exposure variables on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and syndrome in children exposed to disaster. Method Three months after Hurricane Hugo, 5,687 school-aged children were surveyed about their experiences and reactions to the hurricane. Self-reports of PTSD symptoms were obtained by use of a PTSD Reaction Index. Results The presence of PTSD symptoms was strongly related to children's reported severity of the hurricane, degree of home damage sustained, and continued displacement; however, children's level of trait anxiety and their reported emotional reactivity during the hurricane were more strongly related to the presence of PTSD symptoms than were the exposure factors. Different sets of risk factors appeared to differentially influence the development of the three DSM-III-R PTSD symptom clusters. Little evidence for a differential effect of the risk factors between females and males and younger and older children was found. Conclusions Level of trait anxiety appears to be the single strongest risk for the development of severe post-traumatic reactions. The higher rate of post-traumatic symptoms in females and younger children in combination with the absence of differential reaction to the risk factors suggests that females and younger children are more likely to develop posttraumatic reactions following a disaster.
It's ethical, but is it legal? Teaching ethics and law in the medical school curriculum

While Western medical ethics has ancient roots in the teachings of Hippocrates, its standing in the undergraduate medical curriculum is a distinctly modern development. Today, all of the 127 accredited U.S. medical schools offer formal biomedical ethics instruction, and nearly all offer instruction in the related discipline of health law. This article describes how biomedical ethics and health law are taught at the University of Iowa College of Medicine, one of 12 medical schools that offers separate required courses in both ethics and law. Often ethics and law overlap; often, to act ethically is to act legally. But medical students and practicing physicians also regularly confront dilemmas that pose the question, "It's ethical, but is it legal?" This article discusses the goals, methods, and core themes of teaching issues at the intersection of medicine, ethics, and law, and how the approach to this instruction is designed to offer students a tool kit to begin to deal effectively with these complex issues in professional life. Anat Rec (New Anat) 265:5-9, 2001.
Comparing Paired Data: A Simultaneous Test for Means and Variances

(1989). Comparing Paired Data: A Simultaneous Test for Means and Variances. The American Statistician: Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 234-235.
Asymptotic stability for impulsive differential systems

Employing piecewise continuous Lyapunov functions results of stability in terms of two different measures for impulsive differential systems are derived. An example is worked out.
Reflectance of broad band waveguide bolometers

We have calculated and measured the reflectance of a variety of absorbers for cryogenic waveguide bolometers. The best absorber has <−15 db reflectance across a band of width 25% of the K band (18–26 GHz) center frequency and <−6 db reflectance across the entire K band.
Structural changes in a hydrophobic domain of the prion protein induced by hydration and by ala-->Val and pro-->Leu substitutions.

X-ray diffraction was used to study the structure of assemblies formed by synthetic peptide fragments of the prion protein (PrP) that include the hydrophobic domain implicated in the Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) mutation (P102L). The effects of hydration on polypeptide assembly and of Ala-->Val substitutions in the hydrophobic domain were characterized. Synthetic peptides included: (i) Syrian hamster (SHa) hydrophobic core, SHa106-122 (KTNMKHMAGAAAAGAVV); (ii) SHa104-122(3A-V), with A-->V mutations at 113, 115 and 118 (KPKTNMKHMVGVAAVGAVV); (iii) mouse (Mo) wild-type sequence of the N-terminal hydrophobic domain, Mo89-143WT; and (iv) the same mouse sequence with leucine substitution for proline at residue number 101, Mo89-143(P101L). Samples of SHa106-122 that formed assemblies while drying under ambient conditions showed X-ray patterns indicative of 33 A thick slab-like structures having extensive H-bonding and intersheet stacking. By contrast, lyophilized peptide that was equilibrated against 100 % relative humidity showed assemblies with only a few layers of beta-sheets. The Ala-->Val substitutions in SHa104-122 and Mo89-143(P101L) resulted in the formation of 40 A wide, cross-beta fibrils. Observation of similar size beta-sheet fibrils formed by peptides SHa104-122(3A-V) and the longer Mo89-143(P101L) supports the notion that the hydrophobic sequence forms a template or core that promotes the beta-folding of the longer peptide. The substitution of amino acids in the mutants, e.g. 3A-->V and P101L, enhances the folding of the peptide into compact structural units, significantly enhancing the formation of the extensive beta-sheet fibrils.
The adaptive significance of communal nesting in Groove-billed anis (Crotophaga sulcirostris)

1. A two-year field study of Groove-billed anis was conducted to determine the advantage of communal group nesting versus solitary pair nesting. The following specific hypotheses were tested: a) groups have better territories than pairs; b) groups defend their nests better against predators; c) groups can feed nestlings more efficiently; d) groups can raise more broods per season; e) adult survival is higher in groups. 2. Large groups (3+ pairs) were found to occur primarily in second growth and marsh portions of the study area, single pairs and small groups primarily in the pastureland areas. Vegetation cover, territory size, and nest height differed significantly in these two habitats, but food abundance during the breeding season was similar. The two habitats were analyzed separately to separate out group size effects and habitat effects. 3. Groups in the pasture habitat had significantly lower nest predation than pairs, but there was no significant difference in predation rate between groups and pairs in the marsh. 4. Groups in the pasture were less successful in raising nestlings than pairs, but there was no significant difference in juveniles raised per pair for large and small groups in the marsh. 5. In both habitats, pairs were more likely to attempt second broods than groups. Second broods were much more frequent in the pasture than in the marsh. 6. Annual reproductive success (juveniles/pair/year) was the same for all commonly occurring group sizes within each habitat, but was higher in the pasture than in the marsh because of the high frequency of second broods. 7. In the marsh habitat, adult survival was considerably higher for females and subordinate males than for dominant males, providing a possible incentive for group formation in this habitat. In the pasture, females had slightly lower survival than males. It is hypothesized that the advantage of communal nesting is the reduction of parental care costs, particularly the risk of mortality during incubation.
Computers in research in human genetics.

HUMAN genetics is almost exclusively an observational science. (The technical developments in somatic cell genetics open possibilities for the in vitro study of segregation and other aspects of human genetics including linkage, but this is for the future.) Because experimental matings and induced changes in the genetic material are not possible in man, the data must be accepted as found. Because of small families and long generation time, data from many families must be combined. The computational problems are consequently increased. Electronic computers have proved useful aids in connection with these problems [l, 2, 271. Several examples of the applications of computers to problems in medical genetics will be reviewed. Some of these applications are unique to genetics, others have wider relevance.
A simple method for estimating the probable numbers of different antibodies by examining the repeat frequencies of sequences or isoelectric focusing patterns.

Abstract This paper describes a relatively simple procedure, the identical pair method, for using existing data to estimate the total number of different antibody V region sequences or isoelectric focusing spectrotypes. Since the calculations required can be performed without a programable computer the method should be useful to all interested biologists, regardless of previous mathematical training. Using this procedure we have determined that the probable repertoire of isoelectric focusing spectrotypes of antistreptococcal group A antibodies from mouse strains A/J and SWR/J are 200 and 300, respectively. The paper also describes how the identical pair method can be used to estimate the number of different V region amino acid sequences.
Nova laser system at ultra high fluence levels

The Nova experimental facility consists of a ten arm laser system and five experimental stations and was completed in December 1984. Two of these stations are used for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments and the other three are dedicated to doing large aperture (30 to 74 cm) laser experiments. The laser system is deployed in a master oscillator-power amplifier architecture (see Fig. 1) and uses Nd: phosphate glass for the active medium. The fundamental wavelength of the system is 1.05 microns. Frequency converters constructed from potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals are located at the end of each of the ten arms and are used to produce high power frequency doubled (0.53 microns) and tripled (0.35 microns) beams for either ICF or laser experiments. Thus, the Nova laser system can produce high power beams with wavelengths ranging from the infrared to the ultraviolet.
On the Pr3+ interconfigurational optical transitions in glasses and an comparative study of the Photon Cascade Emission in crystals and glasses

Abstract This paper offers a study that compares the nature of Pr3+ luminescence in crystalline and glass modifications of LaB3O6, LiLaP4O12 and SrB4O7. In the crystalline derivative of these materials, the crystal-field split Pr3+ 4f15d1 state is higher in energy than the 1S0 state. The resulting energy level structure permits the observation of the Pr3+ 1S0 → 1I6 emission transition and the production of two photons for every absorbed UV photon, a process which is referred to as Photon Cascade Emission. In the corresponding glass derivatives, the Pr3+ 4f15d1 lies below the 1S0 state with the consequence that the emission is dominated by the interconfigurational (broad-band) Pr3+ 4f15d1 → 4f2 transition. The reason for this is traced to increased strength of the crystalline field at the Pr3+ site in the glass phase. The increased crystal-field strength is traceable to decreased local coordination number and to shorter Pr3+–O2− bond distances. In this paper we also analyze the results of the Pr3+ ion luminescence in fluoride, oxyfluoride, borate and phosphate glasses. With the exception of one pure fluoride glass (ZBLAN), the Pr3+ luminescence in all these glasses is dominated by the interconfigurational Pr3+ 4f15d1 → 4f2 emission transition. It is pointed out that under broad-band excitation, emission from the Pr3+ 1S0 state has yet to be observed in an oxide based glass (phosphates and borates).
INFERRED PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS AS A FUNCTION OF STIMULUS ASSIGNED AND SUBJECT-EXPRESSED POLITICAL PREFERENCE

This investigation assessed whether the concepts that individuals have of political stimulus objects (i.e., liberals or conservatives) can be meaningfully differentiated from one another on the basis of Murray's psychological needs inferred or attributed to those political stimulus objects by the individuals. An attempt was also made to demonstrate the relationship between people's political preferences (liberal vs conservative) and the psychological need patterns they attribute to liberal or conservative political stimulus objects. The 21 liberal and 21 conservative subjects described their concepts of political stimulus objects on the Adjective Check List. While no differences in inferred liberal/conservative need profile shapes were uncovered, significant differences in need profile elevations and in specific psychogenic needs were found. Results were interpreted in terms of both inferred psychological needs and an affective/favorability variable uncovered.
Diurnal rhythm in serotonin of blood and pineals of chickens.

Abstract 1. 1. This is the first report to show diurnal rhythms in blood and pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of chickens exposed to 10 hr of darkness (9 p.m.–7 a.m.) and 14 hr of light. 2. 2. 5-HT determinations made at various time points reveal peak levels in both blood and pineals during the dark hours and a decrease during the light hours.
Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals in the Management of Andrologic Disorders

Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals are commonly used by men with erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, BPH, and concerns about developing prostate cancer. Many preparations do not contain the advertised dosages of the active ingredient or are contaminated. Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, particularly those addressing erectile dysfunction and libido, need to undergo rigorous testing before they can be wholeheartedly recommended.
Relativistic center-of-mass variables for composite systems with arbitrary internal interactions

We show how a class of relativistic center-of-mass (c.m.) variables for a composite system with arbitrary internal interactions can be constructed to any order in $\frac{1}{{c}^{2}}$ by means of a nonsingular unitary transformation which arises from a study of the Lie algebra of the Poincar\'e group.The class of c.m. variables so constructed subsumes the c.m. variables previously obtained by means of the singular Gartenhaus-Schwartz transformation. We explicitly determine the c.m. variables to order $\frac{1}{{c}^{2}}$, and as an example consider both internal electromagnetic (EM) interactions, where simplifications are pointed out with regard to a previous study, and external EM interactions, where the complete form of the "correction" term to the Foldy-Wouthuysen EM interaction Hamiltonian is given. The results of some earlier studies of relativistic corrections to phenomenological potentials are also shown to be included in our results, and separability is briefly discussed.
Syntheseversuche in der Emetin‐Reihe. 4. Mitteilung. Racemisches 2‐Dehydro‐emetin

Rac. 2-dehydro-emetine (XV) and rac. 2-dehydro-isoemetine (XVI) have been synthesized in five steps and in good yield from 2-oxo-3-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxy-l, 2,3, 4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo [a]chinolizine (VII). Homologues and analogues of XV and XVI with other substituents have been obtained in the same way.
Perceptual/motor profiles of reading impaired children with or without concomitant oral language deficits

In an attempt to understand the neurological mechanisms that might be involved in developmental communication disorders, re search has focused on perceptual and motor development as it pertains to development and disorders of communication. Early hypotheses pertaining to sub-groupings of dyslexic children have included de scriptions of perceptual profiles in various sensory modalities (Mykle bust, 1965; Quiros, 1964; Boder, 1973; Doehring, 1968). Subgroupings of reading-impaired children which include perceptual profiles are based primarily on results of tests that tap auditory or visual pro cessing of verbal material, such as the Digit Span Test from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children—Revised (Wechsler, 1974) or various subtests from the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE OVARIAN HORMONE BETWEEN LIQUOR FOLLICULI AND THE RESIDUAL TISSUE

Although the work of Allen and Doisy and their collaborators has emphasized the importance of the Graafian follicle in the production of the oestrous hormone, no clear data regarding the amount of hormone that can be extracted from the liquor follieuli and the residual tissue have been published. To be sure, the results of a few random tests (Doisy, Rails, Allen and Johnston, 1924,) have been cited, but no systematic report has been made. The English investigators (Dickens, Dodds, and Wright, 1925; Parkes and Bellerby, 1926,) have studied the distribution of the hormone between the follicular fluid and the residual tissue, and have published figures which indicate a more or less uniform distribution. They have concluded that the importance of the follicle has been unduly emphasized. To ascertain whether their position or the view expressed by Allen and Doisy is correct, we have undertaken the extraction of ten samples of liquor follieuli and the residual tissue from which the juice was abtained.
Going Global: One Company's Road to International Markets

Pall Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of specialty filters. Last year, sales totaled $429 million. Pall is a good example of the transformation of a small firm into a thriving midsize company through global development.
Wild Bees on Soybeans, Glycine max

A total of 29 species of wild bees in 4 families (Hymenoplera: Apidae, Anthphoridae. Megachilidae, Halictidae) was collected from soybeans from 3 regions of the United States. Twenty-two species were taken in Delaware from 14 varieties of soybeans. Soybean pollen was recovered from 6 of these species. Seven species were collected in Wisconsin and 10 in Missouri. Melissodes bimaculata (Lepeletier) and Halictus confusus Smith were found in all 3 regions. Megachile rotundata (F.), Megachile mendica Cresson, and Dialictus testaceus (Robertson) were the most abundant pollen carriers. The highest density of wild bees was 0.36 individuals/m2 on ‘Essex’ beans. The highest single species density was 0.24 individuals/m2 for Ceralina calcarata Robertson on ‘Columbus’ beans.
Parental overcontrol as a mechanism explaining the longitudinal association between parent and child anxiety

Although numerous studies have documented the concurrent association between parental overcontrol and child anxiety, few have examined overcontrol for its prospective association with children’s anxiety. In this study we evaluate whether parental overcontrol prospectively predicts children’s anxiety symptoms across the transition to early adolescence (H1), whether parental overcontrol mediates the association between parent and child anxiety (H2), and whether parental overcontrol mediates the association between child avoidant coping and child anxiety (H3). School-aged children (N = 102) and their mothers and fathers completed this two wave study. At Time 1, each family member reported on his/her own anxiety symptoms (children: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children; parents: Symptom Checklist-90 Revised), parents reported on their overcontrolling parenting behavior (USC Parental Overcontrol Scale) and children reported on their avoidant coping (Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist- Revision 1). Children reported on their anxiety symptoms two-and-a-half years later using the same scale. Results indicated that having at least one parent who reported highly overcontrolling parenting was associated with persistent anxiety symptoms across this developmental transition. When both mother and father overcontrol were evaluated in the same models, only maternal overcontrol acted as an indirect effect explaining the prospective associations (H2) between maternal and child anxiety and (H3) between child avoidant coping and child anxiety. Our study provides evidence for the prospective association between parental overcontrol and child anxiety and suggests that maternal overcontrol is a mechanism underlying the association between maternal and child anxiety.
Development of three allele-specific codominant rice Waxy gene PCR markers suitable for marker-assisted selection of amylose content and paste viscosity

Four Waxy haplotypes, previously identified as each having a different combination of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Waxy gene, were highly correlated with apparent amylose content and pasting properties, which are important grain quality traits for predicting cooked rice (Oryza sativa L.) texture and processing properties (Chen et al. in J Cereal Sci 47:536–545, 2008a; Chen et al. in J Cereal Sci 48:781–788, 2008b). Three allele-specific PCR markers were developed to genotype the three aforementioned functional SNPs in a single PCR amplification. Each marker contained two allele-specific primers and one common primer. For each marker, the two allele-specific primers differed by one base at the 3′-end to provide discrimination of SNP alleles, and were labeled with unique fluorescence probes. An additional mismatched base, the third base from the 3′-end, was inserted in some allele-specific primers to increase selectivity. The amplification step of the PCR thermal cycling program was initially set for 20× touch-down cycles with the annealing temperature of the first cycle approximately 6°C above the thermal melting temperature of all three primers at a touch-down rate of −0.3°C per cycle, and followed by 25× regular thermal cycles with the annealing temperature at their thermal melting temperature. The allelic genotypes for each SNP were distinguished from each other by both their differential primer-allele fluorescences and their amplification product lengths. The simplicity of these assays makes it easy to utilize these markers as part of a marker-assisted selection strategy in rice breeding programs selecting for these important grain quality traits.
A test for increased capital market integration

This study examines the pricing of assets under differential ownership restrictions. A model is developed which yields a coefficient of integration that is dimension free and is directly related to the strength of all barriers to international investment. These characteristics enable an intertemporal comparison of the level of capital market integration. The model is then used to test the hypothesis of increased capital market integration over time. Using data from Morgan Stanley Capital International and analyzing them with the non-parametric Page test, support is found for this hypothesis. The results are robust to the currency numeraire used.
Influence of photoinhibition, photostimulation and prolactin on pituitary and hypothalamic nuclear androgen receptors in the male hamster.

Testosterone (T) feedback sensitivity is markedly altered in adult male golden hamsters following exposure to short photoperiods (SD). Using a technique which measures total androgen receptors within
Transition temperature and flux-line pinning of a superconducting Hf0.65Nb0.35 alloy

Abstract Both the transition temperature ( T c ) and the flux pinning force density ( F p ) are found to be sensitive to microstructure during the aging of a Hf 0.65 Nb 0.35 alloy. Aging at 400°C for up to 25 days resulted in a fine distribution of α (h.c.p.) precipitates with a concurrent niobium enrichment of the matrix. Under these conditions, an increase in T c would be expected, but not significant changes were observed; this behavior is explained in terms of the proximity effect. Aging at 600°C produced a coarser α precipitate morphology, and the transition temperature was found to increase during aging in accordance with the niobium matrix enrichment. Flux pinning force density, F p ( h ), curves are shown which illustrate the strong influence of microstructure on this quantity. The F p ( h ) curves for two heat treatment conditions, one in the early stage and one in the latter stage of precipitation, are described in terms of the flux pinning models that have been summarized by Dew-Hughes [1]. Samples representing the intermediate stages of aging displayed qualitative agreement with these same models. The general model proposed by Kramer [2] did not describe the observed F p ( h ) behavior satisfactorily.
Low potential titration of the fluorescence yield changes in photosynthetic bacteria.

Abstract The fluorescence yield of whole cells of the photosynthetic bacteria Chromatium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides was measured in low intensity light as a function of redox potential under anaerobic conditions at pH 8.0. The titration curves were fit by the Nernst equation for a one-electron reaction. The midpoint potentials were −160 mV and −145 mV, respectively, for Chromatium and R. rubrum. The R. spheroides showed less reversibility and is characterized by midpoints of −65 mV and −90 mV for the oxidative and reductive titrations.
Conservation of rare and endangered bryophytes: Input from population genetics

Abstract Effective conservation of biological diversity, including bryophytes, depends upon adequate knowledge of the genetic structure of natural populations and of the processes that create and maintain genetic diversity. Overall, species of mosses display a range of values for genetic variation similar to that of other land plants, whereas liverworts show lower levels of polymorphism. Within Plagiomnium section Rosulata , levels of variation are lower in rare, narrowly distributed species than in common, widespread taxa. On a more local scale, populations of P. ciliare from disturbed, secondary forests in the Piedmont of the southeastern United States are less polymorphic than those undisturbed, primary forests in the Appalachian Mountains. This may reflect the effects of genetic drift in small, recently recolonized populations. Typically, bryophyte species are more widely distributed than their angiosperm counterparts, yet there is greater genetic differentiation among populations. Genetic differences between species also are much larger, on average, for mosses and liverworths. In some thallose liverworts, disjunct ‘species’ actually consist of a number of genetically highly distinct sibling species. Even in continuously distributed taxa, it appears that gene flow is highly restricted. The small size of bryophytes and their wide ranges, high degree of population differentiation, and low levels of gene flow must all be taken into account in making informed management decisions about rare and endangered bryophytes.
Corrigendum: Women, Wealth, and Mobility

* Edlund: Department of Economics, Columbia University, 420 W 118th Street, New York, NY 10027 (e-mail: le93@columbia.edu); Kopczuk: Department of Economics and SIPA, Columbia University, 420 W 118th Street, New York, NY 10027 (e-mail: wk2110@columbia.edu). We have benefited from comments by Douglas Almond, Boyan Jovanovic, Aloysius Siow, the editor, numerous anonymous referees, and seminar participants at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Dartmouth University, and the 2006 ASSA meeting. Barry Johnson helped us in obtaining tabulations from the IRS estate tax returns. Emmanuel Saez provided the electronic version of Forbes data. The exposition of the paper has been greatly improved by the anonymous referees’ suggestions and Merriol Baring-Gould’s text editing. Financial support from the Program for Economic Research at Columbia University, the Sloan Foundation, and National Science Foundation grant SES-0617737 is gratefully acknowledged. 193
Nonmonotonic twist maps

Abstract We investigate a family of nonmonotonic radial twist maps constructed by unfolding the linear twist function. We find several new modes of reconnection and derive conditions for them to occur. Reconnection and bifurcation of higher order resonances are studied in detail, including vortex pairs and triplets. The structural instability of some of these exotic figures is mitigated by the presence of chaotic separatrix layers. Invariant curves of involution pairs are utilized to locate and chart their often very complex metamorphoses.
Adaptive/responsive movement approach: dance making as interactive system design

The Adaptive/Responsive Movement Approach (A/RMA) is a generative tool for interdisciplinary, new media, and movement artists. The activities outlined provide a shared lexicon and perspective for artists of diverse backgrounds, while prompting development of aesthetic material. This approach draws from system theory, computational programming protocols, and directed improvisation techniques. Workshops introduce linear logic, experiment with single trigger operations, and build complex systems including layered rule sets. The A/RMA is especially useful in developing choreography with viewers as participants. Key concepts addressed include proximity, duration, threshold, and legibility. This method responds against the predominating Judson Dance Theater methodologies of movement development. Early stage workshops offer positive results and identify areas for future research.
Plant characterization of Roundup Ready 2 Yield ® soybean, MON 89788, for use in ecological risk assessment.

During the development of a genetically modified (GM) crop product, extensive phenotypic and agronomic data are collected to characterize the plant in comparison to a conventional control with a similar genetic background. The data are evaluated for potential differences resulting from the genetic modification process or the GM trait, and the differences—if any—are subsequently considered in the context of contributing to the pest potential of the GM crop. Ultimately, these study results and those of other studies are used in an ecological risk assessment of the GM crop. In the studies reported here, seed germination, vegetative and reproductive growth, and pollen morphology of Roundup Ready 2 Yield® soybean, MON 89788, were compared to those of A3244, a conventional control soybean variety with the same genetic background. Any statistically significant differences were considered in the context of the genetic variation known to occur in soybean and were evaluated as indicators of an effect of the genetic modification process and assessed for impact on plant pest (weed) characteristics and adverse ecological impact (ecological risk). The results of these studies revealed no effects attributable to the genetic modification process or to the GM trait in the plant that would result in increased pest potential or adverse ecological impact of MON 89788 compared with A3244. These results and the associated risk assessments obtained from diverse geographic and environmental conditions in the United States and Argentina can be used by regulators in other countries to inform various assessments of ecological risk.
A simple novel approach to active vibration isolation with electrohydraulic actuation

This paper describes a novel reformulation of a classical active vibration isolation problem, explicitly accounting for the dynamics of the actuator. By utilizing a clever reformulation of the problem rather than the traditional approaches, a very difficult problem can be transformed into a relatively easy one. Subsequently, any reasonable loop closure methodology can be used to achieve the necessary performance. The traditional approaches usually consider a regulation problem, whereas the focus here will be on generating a tracking problem to achieve the same results : reduced transmission of vibration. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed problem representation.
The patterning of psychological attributes and distress by "job strain" and social support in a sample of working men.

As a test of the “job strain” (job demands-control) model, 297 healthy men aged 30–60 were recruited at eight New York City worksites. The association among job demands and control, social support, and psychological outcomes was tested using both ANCOVA and moderated multiple regression, controlling for demographic variables. The job strain model was supported by various psychological outcome measures, with workers in “active” jobs reporting the highest level of Type A behavior, job involvement, and positive attributional style, workers in “low-strain” jobs reporting the lowest job dissatisfaction and trait anxiety, workers in “passive” jobs reporting the most external locus of control and trait anxiety, and workers in “high-strain” jobs reporting the highest job dissatisfaction. Low social support was associated with greater symptomatology, and a significant three-way interaction (demands×control×support) for job dissatisfaction was observed. While selection of subjects into jobs may partially explain these findings, the results support the hypothesis that working conditions influence psychological attributes and distress.
Strategic Web-Service Agreements

This paper addresses issues of strategy in Web-service composition, and inter-site collaboration in general. The results are useful for both human and artificial agents of a site who are responsible for determining Web-service agreements that are most profitable for that site. We discuss three specific questions in this area. (1) How should the profit resulting from a composition of Web-services be divided among the participants? (2) How can we counter the risk of service-providers misrepresenting their services in an attempt to gain a larger share of the profit? (3) Are stable configurations guaranteed or feasible when each service-provider's decisions on how to collaborate (permit compositions) are guided solely by the goal of maximizing its profit?
Exact solution of an electronic model of superconductivity

We study the exact solution of a superconducting model of strongly correlated electrons in 1+1 dimensions. We explain the method of solution and explicitly derive the fundamental Bethe equations that determine the physical properties of the model in the thermodynamic limit. We also give explicit expressions for the conserved quantum integrals of motion in the model and prove a lowest weight theorem for the Bethe Ansatz states.
The polarographic characteristics of phenylmercuric nitrate.

Abstract The polarographic characteristics of phenylmercuric nitrate were determined in aqueous solutions over a p H range of 1.4 to 10.1 using various buffer systems with and without the addition of added electrolyte. Two waves were obtained in all cases. The first wave started from zero applied potential in solutions below p H 6.7 which did not contain KCl. The half‐wave potential of the second wave was measurable in all solutions. In all instances, the higher the hydrogen‐ion concentration, the more positive was the half‐wave potential. The half‐wave potential was also dependent upon the buffer used, the concentration of phenylmercuric nitrate, and the added electrolyte. Solutions buffered at p H 9.2 were measured quantitatively. The wave height varied proportionately with the concentration of phenylmercuric nitrate. The capillary characteristics are given.
Characterization of Conjugation Factors in Escherichia coli Cell Walls I. Inhibition of Recombination by Cell Walls and Cell Extracts

Lancaster, John H. (University of Texas, Austin), E. P. Goldschmidt, and Orville Wyss. Characterization of conjugation factors in Escherichia coli cell walls. I. Inhibition of recombination by cell walls and cell extracts. J. Bacteriol. 89:1478-1481. 1965.-An assay procedure was devised to determine quantitatively the interference with conjugation of cell-wall fragments from both male and female strains of Escherichia coli. The fertility of the donor is reflected in the assay. Phenol extracts from the cell walls were active, and chemical analysis suggested that the activity resided in the lipopolysaccharide fraction.