cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The urban university 's hybrid campus

AbstractWith the growth of urban campuses in the twenty-first century, how can landscape architecture foster the innovation associated with cities and urban neighbourhoods? In Seattle, West Campus at the University of Washington serves as a good urban neighbour while engaging the traditional experiences of a campus. Additionally, the design suggests how an urban campus might generate the culture of an urban innovation district. The contribution of landscapes to innovation districts has rarely been considered in campus design because the focus has been on the architecture of the buildings and the culture of collaboration as social phenomena. This paper explores how the public landscapes of parks, courtyards, and streets shape the experience of an innovation district and contribute to fostering creativity and serendipity. As an extension, the paper suggests the importance of universities in the creation and stewardship of vibrant, creative, and resilient cities.
Seismic measurements of large underwater shots

Abstract A series of 10,000-pound high-explosive shots was fired at various water depths off San Clemente Island, California during August 1961. These shots were recorded on magnetic tape at one fixed station (123 km) and at portable stations located at 180, 196, 500, and 518 km. The effect of water depth on the amplitude and spectra of the seismic waves generated by these shots is discussed, and a comparison is made with the maximum displacement of underground shots. A spectral comparison is also made with a local earthquake recorded at two of the shot recording sites.
IR Across the Pond-and Elsewhere.

“I am not the same having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world” – Mary Anne Radmacher As you have noticed, this peripheral arterial disease (PAD) issue is edited and written by colleagues from Europe. It is one step forward in making Seminars in Interventional Radiology more international in scope. That is, actually, one of our strategic goals (as it is also likely a strategic goal of JVIR, CVIR, and probably every other medical journal in the world). It struck me, however, as I was doing the final edits of this issue how we (North Americans, South Americans, Europeans, Asians, Australians, Africans, etc.) practice medicine in a way that is far more similar than dissimilar. This concept seems particularly true of our field of interventional radiology (IR). During the editing process for this issue, I was struck by the similarities of the cases/concepts presented by our European colleagues. It seems that what is true here is true there: there are too many people who smoke; there are complications that we have and learn from; cross-sectional imaging of the vascular tree STILL makes the coolest pictures in medicine; and all specialties truly believe that they provide more for their patients than other specialties. In reality, if I didn't know the guest editors personally, I never would have known that they were not American (well, other than the occasional “misspelling”—hemorrhage, embolization—or “funny word”—occlusions flush at the origin, whilst [really—how do you use “whilst” in a sentence?]). The concepts presented in most of the chapters, as well as the take home points, seem to be identical regardless of the location of the author. This “globalization” of IR is, for some reason, comforting to me. Perhaps it is the feeling that comes from knowing that what one does is accepted worldwide as something beneficial, or perhaps it is the thought that many people worldwide have access to our services. Perhaps it's even the knowledge that if I or one of my loved ones gets ill while traveling abroad, there will be an IR ready and willing to help out in whatever way he or she can. One unanticipated affect from this globalization of IR is that lectures delivered by “non-Americans” have changed somewhat—in ways good and bad. I used to love going to international conferences (well, I still do, but for other reasons now) in part to hear how differently things were done in other parts of the world. It seems now that all procedures are regressing toward the mean—we all seem to be doing things in a similar way for similar people with the same tools and identical outcomes. I suppose in many ways this is a good thing, because I can't imagine the entire world latching onto a procedure or an idea that was half-baked and noncontributory (with apologies to Twitter). IR, as it turns out, is mainstream throughout the world. I would personally like to thank Drs. Kessel and Robertson for their time and efforts on this issue of Seminars. I will look forward to more “international” Seminars issues from other corners of the world; I'm sure I can find other ideas for editorials whilst waiting (there—I did it!).
Energy Levels in Na 23 and Ne 20

The energy levels in ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}$ and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$ have been investigated by means of the reactions ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}(p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}){\mathrm{Na}}^{23}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}(p, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$. Protons with energies of 7.04, 7.17, and 7.45 Mev were accelerated with an electrostatic generator, and the reaction products were analyzed with the broad-range spectrograph at various angles between 45 and 130 degrees. Proton groups were observed corresponding to levels in ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}$ at 0.440, 2.078, 2.393, 2.641, 2.705, 2.983, 3.678, 3.850, 3.915, 4.431, and 4.778 Mev. The ground-state $Q$ value for the ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}(p, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$ reaction was determined as 2.370\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008 Mev. Four other alpha-particle groups were observed, corresponding to levels in ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$ at 1.635, 4.248, 4.969, and 5.631 Mev.
Failure of L-phenylalanine to reverse growth inhibitory effects of chloramphenicol on McCoy cell cultures.

SummaryChloramphenicol, in concentrations found in patients under treatment with the drug, markedly inhibited the growth of the McCoy strain of human cells in culture. The growth inhibition was not overcome by L-phenylalanine in amounts up to approximately 100 times the growth inhibitory concentration of chloramphenicol.
Influence of ponderosa pine resin volatiles on the response of Dendroctonus ponderosae to synthetic trans-verbenol

The synergistic effect of various host factors on the response of in-flight populations of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins emerging from Pinus ponderosa Laws. to the aggregation pheromone trans -verbenol was quantified in a series of replicated field bioassays. Synthetic formulations of trans -verbenol, although largely inactive alone, attracted beetles when deployed with certain host terpenes, particularly myrcene and terpinolene. Freshly extracted ponderosa pine oleoresin in combination with trans -verbenol was significantly more attractive to beetle populations, particularly to females, than were pheromone complexes containing single monoterpenes or the composite monoterpene fraction of oleoresin (distilled oil), When tested with trans -verbenol on traps without replacement, fresh resin samples lost their superior attractiveness within 1 day; the numbers and sex ratios of beetle catches on exposed resin- trans -verbenol treatments paralleled those on pheromone traps baited with distilled oils. The qualitative monoterpene composition of fresh resin, however, did not appear to change with short term exposure or during the steam distillation process. In combination, these findings suggested the presence of host-produced chemical messengers other than monoterpenes in oleoresin which are disproportionately attractive to ♀ D. ponderosae , the host selecting sex. Analysis of resin samples by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry led to the constituent which may contribute to the superior field attractiveness of fresh resin. The need to further investigate the role of non-terpene host volatiles in bark beetle host selection is stressed.
Protection and Improvement to One-man Company Given by New "Law of Company"

As a new kind of company conformation,Oneman company has been formally admitted by the new " law of company ",and the new law has made a good many forcing regulations to this new kind of company,in order to strengthen its supervision to the company.Comparing with ordinary ones, the malpractices of one-man company are obvious.Therefore one-man company should be restricted and improved from every aspect,and as a result,one-man company will fit the development of socialist market economy much further.
The Case for Eco-spirituality: Everybody Can Do Something

Have contemporary approaches to economic and social development failed to address what many believe to be humankind’s abiding need for spiritual growth? Can material advancement be more sustainable when spiritual development is seen as an integral part of the human development algorithm? Since our societies are human nature writ large, can it be argued that the solution to many of the current challenges faced by both the civilization and the environment lies in connecting sustainable practices with our spiritual awareness? While arguments can be made that the choice we face is between conscious change and chaotic annihilation, could each one of us begin to make a difference by integrating spirituality and sustainability as a way of life? This introductory chapter relies on the spiritual power of individuals to heal themselves and the environment. When we change our orientation from ‘I” to “We,” we transition from illness to wellness—individually and collectively. Accordingly, sustainability is no longer seen just as a scientific or political problem; it becomes a matter of individual moral choice, with profound spiritual significance.
Proximal Humerus Fractures

Proximal humerus fractures are relatively rare and represent 4–5% of all upper extremity fractures. Younger patients with a high-velocity mechanism of injury and older patients with a low-velocity mechanism of injury make up the patient population. A proper understanding of the osseous segments of the proximal humerus is key in proper fracture diagnosis and treatment. The Neer classification is the most common classification scheme used for diagnosis and treatment and is based on the number of fracture parts and their degree of displacement. Upto Eighty-five percent of proximal humerus fractures can be treated nonoperatively. Operative treatment varies based on fracture pattern and surgeon’s choice. The most common complication is traumatic or iatrogenic axillary nerve damage, whereas vascular injury and osteonecrosis are rarer complications due to rich vascular supply of the proximal humerus. Non-union of proximal humerus fractures with or without operative fixation also occurs, and treatment consists of non-operative measures, revision internal fixation with bone grafting, and arthroplasty.
Evidence for a Modulated Receptor Mechanism of Calcium Channel Blockade

A large body of evidence suggests that the action of local anesthetics and antiarrhythmic drugs on membrane sodium channels is modulated by the state of the channel. That is, the affinity of the drug for its receptor varies and depends on whether the channel is rested and available, activated and open (conducting), or closed and inactivated (1–4) (see Fig. 1). The modulated receptor hypothesis for the action of sodium channel blockers has provided explanations for such phenomena as the selective depression of conduction in ischemic myocardium, suppression of tachycardias, and the selective action of lidocaine on ventricular vs. atrial tissue (4).
Analysis of Hurwitz stability/instability of a real matrix via the concepts of Qualitative Determinant and Signature of a matrix

Currently available conditions of Hurwitz stability/instability assessment of a real matrix are essentially based on quantitative information (both sign and magnitudes of the entries of the matrix). Assessing the Hurwitz stability/instability, solely based on sign information, labeled Qualitative (Sign) Stability/Instability is also of much importance as a supplement to these quantitative based results. In this paper, we highlight the importance of the ‘elemental sign structure’ of a matrix in its Hurwitz stability/instability assessment and present new results in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions. This analysis is done using the concepts of both Quantitative Determinant (involving magnitudes) and the Qualitative Determinant (involving only the sign information of the matrix elements). Using these metrics, we form the ‘Signature’ of a real matrix that reflects the stability/instability nature of the matrix. The proposed results in this paper are deemed helpful also in solving many other related problems of stability including the testing of robust stability of interval parameter matrix families, which has attracted intense attention and scrutiny in the last few decades.
Regulatory consideration of the assessment of biosimilar products

R the expiration of patents for a number of blockbuster biologics has ushered in an era of the subsequent production of biosimilar products, which might contribute to increased access to these products at an affordable price. However, unlike small molecular drugs with clearly and well-defined composition and structure, biosimilar products that are made in or isolated from living systems have much more complex ingredients. Therefore, there is general consensus that the standard methodology for the assessment of bioequivalence is not appropriate for the assessment of biosimilars, which highlights the need of more complex and specified regulation and approval tracks. The EMA has taken the lead in the regulatory approval framework for biosimilar products, and WHO has published guidelines on the evaluation of biosimilars in order to facilitate the global harmonization. Many other countries such as US, Canada, Japan and Korea have also issued their own guidance for evaluating biosimilar products. The basic concepts and main principles of approving biosimilars are similar among various regions, notwithstanding some differences in regard to the scope, the choice of reference product, and the date requirement. The first part of the session is going to review the fundamental differences between small molecular drug and biotechnology medicinal products. The second part is going to focus on the comparison of regulatory requirements in various regions and recommendations regarding global harmonization.
Autoantibodies Against p53 Are Associated with p17 Deletions in CLL.

Abstract The TP53 gene located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p) encodes p53, which is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle and the apoptotic response to genotoxic stress, such as that caused by most anti-cancer drugs. Loss of p53 function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) typically is associated with deletions in 17p, which is associated with a poor response to many anti-cancer drugs and poor survival. Although only 5–10% of CLL patients at diagnosis have deletions in 17p by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the frequency of cases that have 17p- increases in patients with disease that is refractory to chemotherapy. Assays that can screen for loss of p53 function in CLL could help identify patients who most likely will not respond well to most common forms of chemotherapy. Autoantibodies against p53 protein have been observed in several cancers and are, in some cases, linked to p53 protein accumulation in the tumor cells owing to loss of p53-induced expression of the p53-repressor MDM2. We examined the serum samples derived from platelet-free plasma of patients with CLL for anti-p53 autoantibodies by solid-phase ELISA. Anti-p53 autoantibodies were detected in 19 out of 31 plasma samples from patients with known 17p deletions defined by interphase FISH. In contrast, we detected anti-p53 autoantibodies in only 1 out of 27 plasma samples from patients with 11q22–23 deletions and in none of the 29 samples from patients with normal cytogenetics. Detectable levels of soluble p53 protein were identified in only 5 of the 31 patients with 17p deletions, and 3 of those had detectable anti-p53 antibodies. There was no correlation between anti-p53 autoantibody levels and the total plasma IgG. Samples from multiple time points were available for 22 of the patients with 17p deletions. In only one case did the p53 autoantibody status change (from positive to negative). The mechanism that leads to the generation of anti-p53 autoantibodies is unknown. One model suggests that constitutive or over expression of p53 protein by the leukemic cells may lead to a break in tolerance, perhaps if coupled with necrotic or otherwise immunogenic death of the cells. Studies are currently underway to address the status and function of the p53 protein in those patents with high autoantibody levels. This work suggests that auto-antibodies may be useful as a surrogate marker for p53 dysfunction and, more broadly, raises the possibility that auto-antibody profiles may provide clinically relevant insight into the biology and pathophysiology of CLL.
Electrospray Thrusters as Precise Attitude Control Actuators for Small Satellites

The purpose of this work is to describe the use of electrospray propulsion devices as miniaturized actuators for precise attitude control of small satellites, including CubeSats. Electrosprays are ...
An associative memory for auditory recall

A model of auditory temporal recall based on correlographic recording and Interrogation by convolution is presented. Complex tree and loop structured memory sequences can be recorded, with selective recall based on fragmentary cues. The sequences are "remembered" by proceeding through a recorded net of associations until the coherence of the retrieved signals falls to a sufficiently low level. This indicates no further significant recall is possible without an additional external cue. A computer simulation of this model using digitised speech has produced variable-length and cyclic sound-segment recall from fragmentary cues.
Extending the throughput of Biacore 4000 biosensor to accelerate kinetic analysis of antibody-antigen interaction

Abstract The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are being routinely used in different stages of drug discovery and development. However, the lack of high throughput SPR biosensors continues to be a primary bottleneck for the rapid kinetic screening of large panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To further increase the throughput of the Biacore 4000 biosensor, we have developed three kinetic screening assays to characterize mAb-antigen interactions – (i) 16-mAb capture kinetic, (ii) single cycle kinetic (SCK), and (iii) parallel kinetic (PK). The performance of all three kinetic assays was evaluated by characterizing the binding of kinetically diverse human mAbs to four antigens with molecular weights of 14kD, 29kD, 38kD, and 48kD and binding affinities ranging from 130pM to 200 nM. The binding rate constants measured using all three kinetic assays were reproducible across multiple experiments and correlated with the values generated using the conventional 8-mAb capture kinetic assay on the Biacore 4000 (R2 > 0.94). Moreover, the 16-mAb capture assay decreased experiment time and analyte consumption by 35% and 50%, respectively. This work illustrates the significance of the 16-mAb capture kinetic, SCK, and PK assays to increase the throughput of Biacore 4000 and to support rapid kinetic screening of mAbs.
Finalizing the Deal: Where Trade and Business Deals Differ from Legislative and Statutory Bills

The unexpected last minute decision of the Republican leaders to delay the health bill vote on the 23rd March 2017, did not only highlight the power of legislative checks on the executive branch of government, but also reaffirmed the need for a shift from the apparent unilateral approaches currently being adopted by the new administration – if “major” election promises are to be achieved at any level. A multilateral approach is not only required in domestic policy matters embracing such vital issues as health reform bills, regulatory, and tax reforms, but also extends towards foreign policy matters – which may prove crucial in the achievement and fulfilment of the Presidency’s other major election promises – namely, those relating to tax reforms and the re negotiation and negotiation of trade deals. Indeed, whilst the legislative branch has continuously demonstrated its prominence in the facilitation and finalization of key legislative reforms and Bills, it should also be accentuated that a multilateral approach will be required in facilitating proposed tax reforms – as well as concluding successful trade negotiations and re negotiations. Multilateral in the sense of a more cooperative relationship between the executive and legislative branches – even as recent revelations highlight the extent of divisions – and more worryingly, the real impact of such division for foreign policy matters. This particularly in view of the importance of a multilateral instrument (MLI) and model which currently constitutes the focal point in respect of global tax reforms. More poignantly, the new administration may also increasingly find itself increasingly alienated and isolated from its previous allies – if a strict domestic policy agenda is adhered to – whilst it continually focuses more on domestic matters such as the need to de-federalize certain bills (such as the Affordable Health Care Act). Why and whether the American Health Care Bill, given its present state, unsustainability, “deficiencies”, and arguments related to free markets and risk premiums, should have been allowed to consume so much in terms of resources and time, could continue to generate controversial points of view – even as it was later admitted that budgetary and statutory constraints were partly responsible for the decision to accord it priority over other legislative matters as tax reforms. With the Health Care Bill eventually being struck out on the 24th March 2017, further questions were raised in respect of why other more pressing matters such as tax reforms, had not constituted the focal point of priority – and more importantly, whether the failure to pass – not even finalize the Bill, was a sign of other outcomes to follow – both in respect of domestic – as well as vital global trade deal negotiations and re negotiations.
Abstract 403: Mitochondrial Complex II is a Source of the Reserve Respiratory Capacity that is Regulated by Metabolic Sensors via Sirtuin 3

A cell’s survivability depends on its ability to meet its energy requirements. We hypothesized that the cells’ mitochondrial reserve respiratory capacity (RRC) is a critical component of its bioenergetics that can be utilized during an increase in energy demand, thereby, enhancing viability. Our goal was to identify the elements that regulate and contribute to the development of RRC and its involvement in cell survival. Our results show that development of RRC is dependent on metabolic substrate availability in a cell type-dependent manner. While the neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCM) utilize glucose as the main substrate, developing a RRC [1.4-2.5 fold higher than basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR)] required fatty acids in addition to glucose. Accordingly, inhibition of either glucose or fatty acid oxidation separately, completely abrogated RRC, while having little impact on basal OCR, which is sustainable with either substrate or glutamate in the medium. Conversely, RRC was enhanced (1.4-1.8 fold) through increasing glucose oxidation via inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase with dichloroacetate, or through increasing fatty acid oxidation via activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). The latter was partly mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. These results suggested that RRC is an independently regulated entity of the cells’ bioenergetics. An electron flow activity assay revealed that the increase in RRC correlated with a specific increase in complex II (cII) activity. Inhibiting or disassembling holo cII completely abolished RRC, accompanied by a slight decrease in basal OCR (0.82-0.9 fold), thus confirming it as the source of RRC. Moreover, the development of RRC required Sirtuin (Sirt)3. Functionally, we show that enhancing RRC via fatty acid oxidation with 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-Dribofuranoside in NRCM results in a burst of cII-dependent oxidative phosphorylation accompanied by reduced superoxide production and enhanced cell survival post-energy deprivation conditions. Thus, for the first time, we show that metabolic sensors increase the cells’ RRC via activating cII in a Sirt3-dependent manner, and that this mechanism can be exploited for increasing cell survival after hypoxia.
Exploring the antecedents of municipal managers’ attitudes towards citizen participation

Meaningful and representative citizen participation depends greatly on administrators’ attitudes. This study examines antecedents of municipal managers’ attitudes towards citizen participation base...
Maryam Mirzakhani (1977-2017).

On 14 July, Maryam Mirzakhani, a luminary in pure mathematics, died of cancer at the age of 40. Her achievements had been most recently honored in 2014 by the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.
Temporal Trends, Determinants, and Outcomes of Inpatient versus Outpatient Arteriovenous Fistula Operations.

Background As high healthcare costs are increasing scrutinized, a movement toward reducing patient hospital admissions and lengths of stay has emerged, particularly for operations that may be performed safely in the outpatient setting. Our aim is to describe recent temporal trends in the proportion of dialysis access procedures performed on an inpatient versus outpatient basis and to determine the effects of these changes on perioperative morbidity and mortality. Methods The 2005–2008 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all primary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) procedures using current procedural terminology codes. Changes in the proportions of inpatient versus outpatient operations performed by year, as well as the associated 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality, were analyzed using univariable statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Results Two thousand nine hundred fifty AVF procedures were performed over the study period. Overall, 71.7% ( n = 2,114) were performed on an outpatient basis. Inpatient procedures were associated with higher 30-day morbidity (10.5% vs. 4.5%) and mortality (2.8% vs. 0.7%) than outpatient procedures (both, P P P ≥ 0.36). Independent determinants of having an inpatient procedure included younger age (OR 0.99), increasing ASA class (ASA IV OR 1.56), congestive heart failure (OR 3.32), recent ascites (OR 3.25), poor functional status (OR 3.22), the presence of an open wound (OR 1.91), and recent sepsis (OR 6.06) (all, P P Conclusions Dialysis access operations are increasingly being performed on an outpatient basis, with stable perioperative outcomes. Inpatient procedures are associated with worse outcomes, likely because they are reserved for patients with acute illnesses, serious comorbidities, and poor functional status. Overall, for appropriately selected patients, the movement toward performing more elective dialysis access operations on an outpatient basis is associated with acceptable outcomes.
Aligning Online Social Collaboration Data Around Social Order: Theoretical Considerations and Measures

Online media have revolutionized human interaction. Groups of people can rapidly converge, work on projects with little explicit coordination, and produce content that has immediate impact. Intellectual, analytic, or symbolic collaboration in academia, business, or even government is now almost inconceivable without online support. Work on text and narratives has been entirely transformed by Internet-based sites. Of these, wiki sites are the most successful and well known. Web-based wiki sites have greatly augmented if not supplanted traditional collaborative frameworks (Benkler, The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006) for generating reference knowledge, documentation, and even education.
Personalized Review Generation By Expanding Phrases and Attending on Aspect-Aware Representations

In this paper, we focus on the problem of building assistive systems that can help users to write reviews. We cast this problem using an encoder-decoder framework that generates personalized reviews by expanding short phrases (e.g. review summaries, product titles) provided as input to the system. We incorporate aspect-level information via an aspect encoder that learns aspect-aware user and item representations. An attention fusion layer is applied to control generation by attending on the outputs of multiple encoders. Experimental results show that our model successfully learns representations capable of generating coherent and diverse reviews. In addition, the learned aspect-aware representations discover those aspects that users are more inclined to discuss and bias the generated text toward their personalized aspect preferences.
Computerized vs. Noncomputerized Individualized Education Programs: Teachers' Attitudes, Time, and Cost:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between school districts using computerized and noncomputerized Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) on the attitudes of teachers tow...
The volume and capacity of colonoscopy procedures performed at New York City hospitals in 2002.

Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in New York City. In March 2003, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene recommended colonoscopy every 10 years as the preferred screening test for adults aged 50 years and older in New York City. To screen all eligible adults in New York City would require that approximately 200,000 colonoscopy exams be performed annually. As part of this recommendation, we evaluated current colonoscopy capacity in New York City hospitals. Methods We surveyed endoscopy suite nursing or administrative staff at all 66 adult acute care hospitals performing colonoscopy in New York City. Data on colonoscopy procedures performed in 2002 were collected between February and June 2003. Results All hospitals and two affiliated clinics responded. The number of hospital-based colonoscopy exams performed in 2002 was estimated to be 126,000. Of these, 53,600 (43%) were estimated to be for screening. Hospitals reported their maximum annual capacity to be 195,200, approximately 69,100 more than current practice. Reported barriers to performing more colonoscopy exams included inadequate suite time and space (31%), inadequate staffing (28%), and insufficient patient referrals (24%). Conclusion In 2003, endoscopy suites at New York City hospitals performed approximately one quarter of the estimated citywide need of 200,000 screening colonoscopies. Procedures conducted in outpatient office settings were not assessed. Most endoscopy suites, particularly private hospitals, reported having the capacity to conduct additional procedures. Hospitals and endoscopy suites should prioritize the development of institutional measures to increase the number of persons receiving screening colonoscopy.
Expectation Formation in Multi-Agent Design Systems

This paper describes the use of expectation formation as a method of multi-agent learning in design. We first describe how expectations can guide and improve multi-agent design. We then propose a particular method of acquiring expectations in multi-agent design systems, describe an architecture that implements the method, and discuss an application in a chosen design domain.
Pigment Production in Certain of the Aspergillus Glaucus Group

SUMMARY(1) Auroglaucin and flavoglaucin are major end products of carbohydrate metabolism among members of the Aspergillus glaucus group. Striking quantities of these pigments are produced in both ...
Displacements and Forces in Structures with Inerters when Subjected to Earthquakes

AbstractThis study investigates the seismic response of a two-degrees-of-freedom structure with supplemental rotational inertia at its first story. The proposed response-modification strategy uses ...
Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Recognition of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (NANPs) in Human Primary Blood Cells.

Infusion reactions (IRs) create a translational hurdle for many novel therapeutics, including those utilizing nanotechnology. Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) are a novel class of therapeutics prepared by rational design of relatively short oligonucleotides to self-assemble into various programmable geometric shapes. While cytokine storm, a common type of IR, has halted clinical development of several therapeutic oligonucleotides, NANP technologies hold tremendous potential to bring these reactions under control by tuning the particle’s physicochemical properties to the desired type and magnitude of the immune response. Recently, we reported the very first comprehensive study of the structure–activity relationship between NANPs’ shape, size, composition, and their immunorecognition in human cells, and identified the phagolysosomal pathway as the major route for the NANPs’ uptake and subsequent immunostimulation. Here, we explore the molecular mechanism of NANPs’ recognition by primary immune cells, and particularly the contributing role of the Toll-like receptors. Our current study expands the understanding of the immune recognition of engineered nucleic acid-based therapeutics and contributes to the improvement of the nanomedicine safety profile.
Optimal One-Dimensional Free-Replacement Warranty Period for AGM Batteries

The objective of this study is to analyze the suitability of the age-based warranty model and a mileage-based warranty model for absorbent glass mat batteries (AGM) for the automobile industry. Battery life expectancy can be assessed and described by a combination of different terms such as: state of health (SOH), deep of discharge (DOD), state of energy (SOE) and state of charge (SOC). However, using actual data from the field, the implementation of reliability engineering and statistical modeling we aim to calculate optimal limits for warranty policies that minimize warranty costs. The outcome of this research will enable battery manufacturers, motor companies and warranty managers in decisions making strategies for cost savings in warranty projects without negatively affecting customer satisfaction.
Cancer-Related Ischemic Stroke Has a Distinct Blood mRNA Expression Profile

Background and Purpose- Comorbid cancer is common in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). As blood mRNA profiles can distinguish AIS mechanisms, we hypothesized that cancer-related AIS would have a distinctive gene expression profile. Methods- We evaluated 4 groups of 10 subjects prospectively enrolled at 3 centers from 2009 to 2018. This included the group of interest with active solid tumor cancer and AIS and 3 control groups with active cancer only, AIS only, or vascular risk factors only. Subjects in the AIS-only and cancer-only groups were matched to subjects in the cancer-stroke group by age, sex, and cancer type (if applicable). Subjects in the vascular risk factor group were matched to subjects in the cancer-stroke and stroke-only groups by age, sex, and vascular risk factors. Blood was drawn 72 to 120 hours after stroke. Total RNA was processed using 3' mRNA sequencing. ANOVA and Fisher least significant difference contrast methods were used to estimate differential gene expression between groups. Results- In the cancer-stroke group, 50% of strokes were cryptogenic. All groups had differentially expressed genes that could distinguish among them. Comparing the cancer-stroke group to the stroke-only group and after accounting for cancer-only genes, 438 genes were differentially expressed, including upregulation of multiple genes/pathways implicated in autophagy signaling, immunity/inflammation, and gene regulation, including IL (interleukin)-1, interferon, relaxin, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, SQSTMI1 (sequestosome-1), and CREB1 (cAMP response element binding protein-1). Conclusions- This study provides evidence for a distinctive molecular signature in blood mRNA expression profiles of patients with cancer-related AIS. Future studies should evaluate whether blood mRNA can predict detection of occult cancer in patients with AIS. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02604667.
Dominican Republic’s Resolution on Cartel Leniency, Comment of The Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

This comment is submitted in response to the Dominican Republic National Commission for the Defense of Competition’s (“Procompetencia”) public consultation on the Proposed Regulation for the Establishment of a System for Reduction of Sanctions for Cooperation in Cartel Investigations. The Global Antitrust Institute’s Competition Advocacy Program commends Procompetencia’s transparency, its recognition of the economic harm inflicted by cartels, and its willingness to establish a leniency program. The comment provides a number of specific suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed Regulation, including adjustments to the available sanction discount levels provided to successful leniency applicants, and by limiting to a reasonable minimum the requirements for applicants to obtain a “marker” or “bookmark” that would be issued by Procompetencia to indicate whether and to what extent leniency may be available to such applicants.
What Students Want: A Vision of a Future Online Learning Experience Grounded in Distance Education Theory.

As online learning continues to evolve many have proposed that we think differently about our pedagogical approaches, to move beyond the replication of the face-to-face experience. Here we explore ...
The incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome in patients receiving poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors for treatment of solid tumors: A meta-analysis.

3641Background: Clinical trials have reported improved outcomes with PARPi (poly [adenosine diphosphate–ribose]-ADP polymerase inhibitor) therapy in ovarian, breast, pancreatic and lung cancers. Th...
Multigroup Constant Calculation with Static α-Eigenvalue Monte Carlo for Time-Dependent Neutron Transport Simulations

Multigroup constants for deterministic methods that preserve the time-dependent physics of the neutron transport equations are derived. Alternative multigroup constant weighting spectra are discuss...
COVID-19 associated with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has many known disease associations, including autoimmune, lymphoproliferative, and certain infectious diseases, as well as various medications. Studies have found that severe cases of COVID-19 may be associated with coagulopathies, however the potential association with AIHA is not clear. CASE REPORT: A patient with no known risk factors or underlying predisposition for developing AIHA presented to a hospital with vague symptoms and profound anemia with a complicated blood bank evaluation. She was found to have COVID-19 and AIHA, for which extensive laboratory testing was performed, including direct antiglobulin tests, elution studies, and cold agglutinin titers, to identify the causative autoantibody. She required multiple blood transfusions and therapeutic interventions prior to clinical stabilization. DISCUSSION: AIHA is a complex disease with a spectrum of presentations and clinical severity. Many diseases have been associated with a propensity for developing AIHA, however there are few cases in the literature of patients with COVID-19 and AIHA. Most of the reports involve patients with other underlying conditions that are known to be associated with the development of AIHA. The presentation, clinical findings, and therapeutic interventions in a patient with severe AIHA, without other underlying conditions, in the setting of COVID-19 are discussed. CONCLUSION: There are few reports of patients with concurrent COVID-19 and AIHA, and the association is not clear. Although COVID-19 has been shown to be associated with coagulopathies, more research is required to determine whether AIHA may also be a potential complication. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Unique method for human villous trophoblasts isolation from placental tissue explants

Isolation of cytotrophoblasts from primary placental tissue may be costly and time consuming with variable results. In this paper, we provide a simple, affordable, and efficient method that may performed using common laboratory supplies to achieve consistent in vitro isolation of cytotrophoblasts from villous tissue. Trophoblast populations are identified based on morphology and phenotyping, which employs the timely extraction of villous nodes from the placenta prior to cultivation and isolation of nodal outgrowth by visual guidance for selective capture of cytotrophoblast populations and subculture. This method allows for the isolation of cytotrophoblasts free of contamination with other placental cell types. Isolated cells stain positive for the specific cytotrophoblast biomarker cytokeratin 7 and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG). Subcultured cells grow to confluency to establish monolayers that may be passaged in culture and later used to develop primary syncytiotrophoblasts over time. These primary cytotrophoblast populations may be employed using in in vitro placenta-on-a chip models to better understand placental cell biology and function, as well as physiological responses after exposure to toxicants, and infectious agents. This technique may be modified for selective isolation of specific cell types within different tissues from multiple organ systems.
Watershed characteristics influence winter stream temperature in a forested landscape

Winter stream temperatures, though infrequently studied, exert important influences on aquatic communities. To quantify effects of watershed physical characteristics on stream winter thermal regime, 54 streams (watershed area = 0.2–7.9 km2; altitude < 1300 m) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA were monitored hourly for 4 years. During the study, an exceptionally warm winter (2015) was used to evaluate influences of watershed characteristics under climatic conditions similar to those projected for mid-twenty-first century. Four watershed characteristics were hypothesized to influence winter stream temperature: stream size, elevation, solar exposure, and presence of glacial materials overlying bedrock. Larger streams were associated with colder winter water temperatures and higher thermal sensitivity to atmospheric conditions. Elevation—the strongest driver of winter stream temperatures—was negatively correlated to stream temperature, except on the coldest 15 days of winter when it had no influence. Watershed solar exposure had only a marginal influence on how cold streams were in winter but was positively correlated to diel stream temperature variation and thermal sensitivity. Streams in watersheds with glacial material overlying the sedimentary bedrock were colder and had less diel variation and lower thermal sensitivity than streams in watersheds where glacial material was not present. During the warm 2015 winter, the influences of watershed characteristics on temperature tended to be weaker compared with the other years. These insights improve our understanding of how watershed physical characteristics influence stream winter thermal regimes and how these winter thermal regimes vary across landscapes, facilitating development of predictive models, a first step in designing management plans that account for winter thermal habitat needs.
Reaction needed: Diversity, intersectionality, and communication pedagogy

On a warm, fall night in East Los Angeles, graduate students stand in a well-lit parking lot chatting in Spanglish about the pedagogy class that just ended, the latest DACA application policies, th...
Developing an Ontology for Emergence Using Formal Concept Analysis

The phenomenon of emergence has been studied in a variety of fields. Each of these fields has their own understanding and interpretation of what emergence means. Thus far, there is no agreed-upon definition of emergence. In fact, the debate about what emergence is and its validity in scientific understanding is still continuing. Having a clear understanding concept of emergence is critical for analysis of such behaviors. In this work-in-progress paper, we discuss our approach for developing an ontology of emergence which can be viewed as a descriptive theory of emergence. The ontology will create a foundation which will support the understanding of the meaning and implications of emergence. A side benefit of this ontology will be the taxonomy of both the emergent behaviors and the emergence research. Thus researchers in this field will be able to identify which aspects of emergence are covered by the various research works and which aspects are not covered and thus open for investigation. Conceptually, the ontology will be a meta-theory of emergence. By raising the level of abstraction, the meta-theory of emergence will allow to express various theories of emergence within one framework, thus allowing multiple theories that may contradict each other to live in the same place. This will allow one to query the ontology about both the commonalities and differences between the theories. We discuss the development of such ontology and evaluation approach in this paper.
Field Test of Package Coupon Effects on Brand Choice Behavior

While "normal" media couponing is difficult to simulate under experimental conditions, package "couponing" effects are relatively easy to assess. For bathroom tissue differentiated only by price, results of the present longitudinal field experiment found such effects to be rather substantive. Across time both penetration and repeat buying were influenced significantly by the introduction and withdrawal of a package coupon. Yet, the impact on penetration was consistently greater. Materialized "crossover" effects upon retraction of the coupon suggest strongly that management must be concerned not only with the immediate impact of such a promotional inducement but also the longer-term effects.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 2 (EP2) regulates microglial activation and associated neurotoxicity induced by aggregated α-synuclein

Background The pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, although evidence has suggested that neuroinflammation characterized by activation of resident microglia in the brain may contribute significantly to neurodegeneration in PD. It has been demonstrated that aggregated α-synuclein potently activates microglia and causes neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms by which aggregated α-synuclein activates microglia are not understood fully.