cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of CNS tissue-specific Tregs and dendritic cells in T cell responses and autoimmunity (MUC7P.757)

We assessed locally generated, locally acting peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs) in retinal immune homeostasis and ability of retinal dendritic cells (DC) to support T cell activation/expansion within retina. We used transgenic (Tg) mice expressing beta-galactosidase (bgal mice) as retinal neo-self antigen, TCR Tg mice (BG2) specific for bgal, and mice with labeled, depletable Tregs or DC, based on expression of diphtheria toxin (DTx) receptor and/or GFP controlled by FoxP3 or CD11c promoter (FDG or CDG mice). Treg and DC depletion from retina was done by DTx injection into the eye. T cells and DC were assayed by FACS of retina or blood. Retinal autoimmunity was assessed by histological analysis. After bgal (FDG/bgal mice) or IRBP (FDG mice) immunization, Treg depleted retinas showed increased incidence and severity of autoimmunity. We found local depletion of Tregs from retina sufficient to induce spontaneous autoimmunity in FDG/bgal/BG2 mice but not in single or double Tg mice. Dose of DTx used to eliminate retinal Tregs did not induce retinal autoimmunity if given systemically. DC depletion from the retina prevented Treg and Teff generation within retina after bgal injection. Retinal microglia remaining after DC depletion did not make up for the loss of DC-dependent antigen presentation. We conclude local Tregs within the retina protect against spontaneous organ-specific autoimmunity and local DC must be present within the retina for antigen presentation to T cells.
Follow-up Phone Calls After an Emergency Department Visit

Follow-up care of patients treated in an emergency department (ED) is an important component of patient care. Previous studies suggest that follow-up phone calls may improve patient compliance with discharge instructions.1-4 Most of these studies have used nurses to contact the families of children with relatively mild illnesses, such as otitis media or nonspecific viral illness. The families who received follow-up phone calls were more likely to keep their scheduled follow-up appointments than those who did not. We studied patients discharged from the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) with moderate to severe illness for whom close follow-up is essential. We hypothesized that physician-initiated follow-up phone calls to parents of moderately ill children seen in the PED would improve parental compliance with primary care follow-up.
Vowel quality and duration in deg xinag

A study was conducted to investigate the spectral properties of the Deg Xinag vowels, and the vowels that are significantly different in duration. Deg Xinag, an Athabaskan language spoken in western Alaska, has been described as containing certain vowel inventory, which are divided into high vowel phonemes and low vowel phonemes. Qualitative inspection of the spectral properties of the Deg Xinag vowels indicates that a low vowel phoneme similar to high vowel phonemes has a high volume allophone, which occurs surrounded by coronal consonants. Thereby, while Deg Xinag has no high vowel phonemes, there are phonetic high vowels. Statistical analysis indicates that the vowels of Deg Xinag can be divided into two sets, including a short set and a long set. Durational differences between the longer and shorter vowels of Deg Xinag are comparable to normative vowel duration data available for other Athabaskan languages, and support the reconstruction of Proto-Athabaskan as having full and reduced vowels.
Making Use of Scenarios for Achieving Effective Use in Community Computing Contexts

The concept of effective use is gaining currency as a way of thinking about usability in community informatics. Broadly defined, effective use is the opportunity and capacity of a community group to leverage information communications technologies (ICTs) in order to achieve their goals. Although effective use is a worthy goal, a process for achieving effective use is not clearly defined. This paper combines the concept of scenarios from human-computer interaction (HCI) and participatory design (PD) in order to identify a design process to enhance participation and technological decision making in community information systems design projects. Our process for achieving effective use focuses first on the efficacy of scenarios as a tool to encourage and support participatory design, and second as an anchoring and adjustment heuristic. This study concludes with future research on effective use in community informatics.
Glycosylation of κ-casein: I. Localization and characterization of sialyltransferase in bovine mammary gland

Abstract A sialyltransferase ( CMP -N- acetylneuraminate: d -galactosyl-glycoprotein N- acetylneuraminyltransferase , EC 2.4.99.1) which attaches N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal end of the carbohydrate chain of κ-casein was found to be concentrated in Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions of bovine mammary gland. Maximum sialyltransferase activity was obtained at pH 5.5 and 37° in the presence of 1 mM dithiothreitol and Triton X-100. A Km of 0.19 mg asialo-κ-casein/ml (0.01 mM) was obtained for the sialyltransferase. Native κ-casein also served as acceptor for N-acetylneuraminic acid transferase of Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions although at a slower rate than did asialo-κ-casein. The sialyltransferase has a divalent cation requirement for maximum activity which was best satisfied by the presence of 10 mM Mn2+.
SHIM: A Deterministic Approach to Programming with Threads

Concurrent programming languages should be a good fit for embedded systems because they match the intrinsic parallelism of their architectures and environments. Unfortunately, most concurrent programming formalisms are prone to races and nondeterminism, despite the presence of mechanisms such as monitors. In this paper, we propose SHIM, the core of a concurrent language with disciplined shared variables that remains deterministic, meaning the behavior of a program is independent of the scheduling of concurrent operations. SHIM does not sacrifice power or flexibility to achieve this determinism. It supports both synchronous and asynchronous paradigms—loosely and tightly synchronized threads—the dynamic creation of threads and shared variables, recursive procedures, and exceptions. We illustrate our programming model with examples including breadth-first-search algorithms and pipelines. By construction, they are race-free. We provide the formal semantics of SHIM and a preliminary implementation.
Equationfree Modeling For Complex Systems

A persistent feature of many complex systems is the emergence of macroscopic, coherent behavior from the interactions of microscopic “agents” — molecules, cells, individuals in a population — among themselves and with their environment. The implication is that macroscopic rules (a description of the system at a coarse-grained, high-level) can somehow be deduced from microscopic ones (a description at a much finer level). For laminar Newtonian fluid mechanics, a successful coarse-grained description (the Navier-Stokes equations) was known on a phenomenological basis long before its approximate derivation from kinetic theory [1]. Today we must frequently study systems for which the physics can be modeled at a microscopic, fine scale; yet it is practically impossible to explicitly derive a good macroscopic description from the microscopic rules. Hence, we look to the computer to explore the macroscopic behavior based on the microscopic description.
Inhabitants Moving In: Prospective Sense-Making and the Reproduction of Inhabited Institutions in Teacher Education

This article advances the scholarship on inhabited institutions with analysis of the professional socialization of new teachers. My findings show that incoming teachers develop a perspective I call an “injunction to adapt” to prospective classroom contingencies, and define this as fundamental to effective teaching. Teacher candidates become primed to perform prospective work in ways that are tightly-coupled with institutional mandates of public schools in some ways, and loosely-coupled with them in others. I argue that attention to professional socialization highlights the ways that people's sense-making can be prospective and anticipatory as well as ongoing and retrospective. Furthermore, I argue that analyzing professional socialization as a process of “interpretive reproduction” offers fruitful opportunity to wed the key strengths of symbolic interactionism with new institutionalism, as it reveals ways in which interaction and sense-making can serve to reproduce and maintain the legitimacy of institutional logics while also serving as a source of individual creativity.
Texture direction analysis using edge counts

Texture can be modeled as an arrangement of visible edges which in turn amalgamate into patterns. These edges are due to variations in local gray levels. A method for estimating the angular orientation of a texture pattern using these edges is presented. The total number of edge transitions in four different directions, namely, horizontal, vertical, right diagonal, and left diagonal, or an image are counted. A model relating the four directional edge-transition counts is developed and used to determine the predominant orientation of the pattern. The technique is shown to be effective with both regular and random patterns as well as natural textures. The accuracy of the procedure is analyzed and evaluated. >
A remark on the proposed syllabus for an AMS short course on computer algebra

It was a pleasure to see that our Special Interest Group initiated contacts with the AMS and that a short course on Computer Algebra has been proposed. The Syllabus [8] for this course seems very representative of our work and I am sure that it will be of great interest to the AMS members. However, as outlined in [8], the Syllabus contains a great historical inaccuracy when referring to "...Descartes' theorem and Uspensky's method;" (in 4: Factorization and Zeros of Polynomials), an inaccuracy which I would like to see corrected.
MO-D-L100F-04: Imaging With Distributed Source Arrays

While the vast majority of x‐ray imaging procedures use a single x‐ray source, a growing number require measurement of x‐ray transmission from different locations. These exams are generally performed by moving a single x‐ray source to many positions. Examples include computed tomography(CT) and tomosynthesis. At the same time, several technologies are now becoming more available that enable to construction of source arrays, i.e., a large number of sources that can be turned on in sequence. The purpose of this presentation is to explore the capabilities and benefits of imaging with these source arrays. In CT, small deflections of the x‐ray focal spot (on the order of a millimeter) have been used to improve data sampling. Multiple sources or much larger deflections (on the order of centimeters) in the axial direction can be quite useful for increasing the thickness of the imaging slab in a single scan while reducing cone beam artifacts. Distributing sources in the circumferential direction can dramatically reduce the mechanical rotation needed to obtain a complete data set and therefore can shorten the scan time. The recently introduced dual source CT system is the most recent incarnation in this direction. The limiting case is CT scanning with no mechanical rotation, as in electron beamCT. An array of sources separated in the circumferential direction can also be used to reduce the size of the detector array. This can lead to a reduction in detected x‐ray scatter and perhaps in the adoption of more advanced detector technologies. It also provides a reasonable method for optimization of the incident intensity distribution, thereby potentially reducing the dose to the patient while also tailoring the distribution of quantum noise across the image. In tomosynthesis, as in CT,measurements from different directions are used to produce tomographic information, albeit with imperfect spatial separation due to data insufficiency. Nonetheless, tomosynthesis can be powerful in many settings where obtaining complete CT data is difficult, and is gaining popularity. Data acquisition with mechanical motion of a single source is limiting both in the needed imaging time and in the number of projections that can be obtained. A small number of projections makes the blurring function (the “crosstalk” from one location to another from imperfect spatial separation) very discrete and potentially distracting to the viewer. Source arrays can be used to produce tomosynthesisimages with very short imaging time and smooth blurring functions, both of which are preferred. Thus, there are significant benefits from the use of distributed sources. The author anticipates that these source arrays will become more widely adopted. Research sponsored by GE Healthcare. Educational Objectives: 1. become familiar with the types of source arrays and their capabilities. 2. understand the benefits of source arrays in computed tomography. 3. understand the benefits of source arrays in tomosynthesis.
The adenylate cyclase toxin contributes to the survival of Bordetella pertussis within human macrophages

Abstract The adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) of Bordetella pertussis has been shown to penetrate eucaryotic cells and produce a rapid elevation in intracellular cAMP which leads to altered cell function. Recent studies have demonstrated an intracellular state for the bacteria within professional and non-professional phagocytes. A virulent strain was compared to two ACT defective strains to determine if this toxin contributes to intracellular survival within human macrophages. When challenged by 106 macrophages/ml in a cell invasion assay, 103 bacteria/ml were recovered from samples containing the ACT defective strains. These values were two log units less than the number of bacteria recovered from samples containing the isogenic parent. The binding and uptake of all strains by the macrophages were equivalent, suggesting that ACT does not affect adhesion nor endocytosis but rather protects against macrophage killing following uptake. Drug-induced elevation of cAMP levels within the macrophage by forskolin increased the number of surviving bacteria in samples containing the mutant strains to values equal to those obtained with the parent strain. Therefore, the protective effect conveyed by ACT is the result of toxin-induced elevation of cAMP within the macrophage concomitant with bacterial uptake.
Quasitransitive intergenerational choice for economic environments

Abstract Assume a denumerable society and a domain of continuous, selfish, convex, monotonic (etc.) individual preferences over allocations of private goods. A social welfare function will be oligarchical if it satisfies strict nonimposition and Arrow's independence axiom and also generates continuous and transitive strict social preference relations. Moreover, the oligarchy is finite. Some of its members may have their preference relations inverted before they are incorporated into the group preference scheme. The same conclusions emerge when the overlapping generations exchange economy is used to defined the set of outcomes. A much stronger result is proved for the unrestricted domain case.
Plasmonic Enhancement of Raman Scattering in P3HT/PCBM by Silver Nanoprisms

Triangular silver nanoprisms enhance both resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence from the solar cell material P3HT/PCBM. The Raman spectra and enhancement profiles are qualitatively consistent with an electromagnetic enhancement mechanism.
Chromatin Mechanically Buffers Cytoskeletal Forces at the Nuclear Envelope

Building tissues from individual cells requires mechanisms to communicate mechanical properties between cells and organelles, as well as the ability to alter the physical properties of cellular materials. The LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, which bridges both membranes of the nuclear envelope, may provide one such mechanism. Cytoskeletal forces are delivered onto the nucleus via LINC complexes, which physically couple the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the nuclear interior and its associated chromatin. These complexes can mechanically transmit cytoskeletal forces to chromatin, suggesting the possibility that they may participate in mechanotransduction. While our previous work suggests an additional role for chromatin and its connections to the LINC complex and the nuclear envelope in maintaining nuclear integrity and buffering cytoskeletal forces, a quantitative analysis of these properties has been lacking.We explicitly address the individual contributions of chromatin and chromatin-binding membrane proteins to nuclear integrity in the genetic organism, fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). We have developed a combined optical tweezers/epifluorescence assay that allows us to manipulate, exert forces on and image isolated nuclei. Deriving nuclei from the genetically facile fission yeast model, we have interrogated how the presence of individual nuclear components and their crosslinking contributes to the ensemble physical behavior of the nucleus. Using genetic perturbations, we implicate integral inner nuclear membrane proteins that couple chromatin to the nuclear envelope in defining nuclear stiffness and supporting nuclear elasticity. The relevance of these findings to in vivo nuclear mechanics has been established by measuring nuclear envelope fluctuations in living S. pombe cells. These results provide new insights into how the mechanical properties of nuclei can be modulated. In addition, our work suggests that cytoskeletal forces coupled to the nuclear interior by the LINC complex contribute to overall chromatin mobility.
Nonlinear versions of flexurally superconvergent elements

Abstract Flexurally superconvergent four-node elements, which can achieve engineering beam accuracy with a single layer of elements through the thickness of the beam, are generalized to nonlinear problems. The Hu-Washizu variational principal in terms of the first Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor and the deformation gradient is used in conjunction with the γ-projection to develop an efficient form of this element. Example solutions show that while there is some degradation of the accuracy in the nonlinear range, the performance of these elements still permits very coarse meshes.
Acute effect of systemic aspirin on gastric mucosa in man.

Aspirin was administered intravenously to study its effect upon gastric mucosa at high blood levels in the therapeutic range for rheumatic diseases. Five healthy volunteers were studied twice each with intravenous aspirin (3 g over 2 hr) and isotonic salline infusion as control. In one study, gastric potential difference was measured; in the other, coded gastric biopsies were taken sequentially prior to infusion, and at the end of infusion. Duplicate biopsies were taken for light and scanning electron microscopy. Mean potential difference at the end of the intravenous aspirin infusions was −47.7±1.4 mV, compared with saline, −51.1±2.5 mV (P>0.05). The percentage of cells damaged after 2 hr intravenous infusion of aspirin (3.2±0.4%) was not significantly different from that after intravenous saline (2.6±0.3%). In contrast to oral aspirin, acute administration of aspirin parenterally does not produce detectable histological damage in man, nor does it significantly alter gastric mucosal potential difference. We conclude that high blood levels of circulating salicylate do not acutely damage gastric mucosa. Thus, histologic gastric mucosal damage produced acutely after single oral doses of aspirin are due to its topical, rather than systemic, action.
Emasculation effects on filament growth in Ipomoea nil (Convolvulaceae).

Filament growth in the morning glory Ipomoea nil is promoted by gibberellic acid (GA3) and inhibited by ethylene production during the earlier stages in development (Koning and Raab, 1987). The effects of anther removal on filament growth were examined in L nil. Three-quarters of the calyx and corolla tissues were removed in order to emasculate the stamens. This removal caused filament growth to be inhibited in the intact stamens (69 hr before anthesis) as well as the emasculated stamens (69 to 21 hr before anthesis). When the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors CoCl2 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) were applied in separate experiments (to eliminate wound ethylene generated by the damaged tissues), filament growth was promoted to control levels observed in intact flower buds (69 hr before anthesis). Our data suggest that the wounding effect from the calyx and corolla tissues and subsequent reduction in filament growth override any observable effects with anther removal on filament growth. Apparently, the removal of the calyx and corolla tissues severs a normal hormonal relationship between these floral organs and the developing filament.
VECTOR-MESON AND DIPION PRODUCTION IN LEPTON--NUCLEON COLLISIONS.

The electroproduction of $\ensuremath{\rho}$, $\ensuremath{\omega}$, and $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ mesons is discussed. The spin-density matrix elements are shown to satisfy a number of conditions if and where the production is dominated by Pomeranchuk exchange. Constraints are also given for the case that a single spin-parity (of type ${0}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, ${1}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$) dominates the $t$ channel in some kinematic region. The extension to the production of a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ continuum is straightforward. Vector-meson and $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ production by neutrinos is also treated.
Preferential eruption of andesitic magmas through recharge filtering

At subduction zones, andesite lavas erupt in greater abundance than the individual magmas that mix to produce them. Textural and geochemical analyses of andesites from Mount Hood, Oregon, reveal that injection and mixing of iron- and magnesium-rich magma in the magma chamber can initiate the volcanic eruption. Andesitic volcanic rocks are common in subduction zones and are argued to play an important role in the formation and evolution of the continental crust at convergent margins1,2,3,4. Andesite formation is dominated by mixing between iron- and magnesium-rich (mafic) magmas and silica-rich (felsic) magmas1,2,4. The abundance of andesites in many subduction zones suggests they erupt in preference to the magmas that mix to produce them4; however, the reasons for this remain unclear. Here we use textural and geochemical analyses of andesites from Mount Hood, Oregon, to show that eruptions are closely linked with episodes of mafic recharge—the intrusion of mafic magma into a shallow felsic magma reservoir. The felsic and mafic magmas involved rarely erupt by themselves, probably because the former are too viscous and the latter too dense. Mafic recharge overcomes these barriers to eruption, and, as it also promotes efficient mixing, results in preferential eruption of mixed andesitic magmas. The abundance of andesites therefore relates to local crustal conditions and the ability of magmas to erupt. We suggest that volcanoes, such as Mount Hood, that erupt homogeneous andesitic compositions through time are those that are the most reliant on mafic recharge to initiate eruptions.
Techniques for estimating genetic admixture and applications to the problem of the origin of the Icelanders and the Ashkenazi Jews.

A method is introduced for simultaneously using multiple loci to estimate admixutre and test goodness of fit of the model of admixture. Deviation of observed frequencies from expectation caused by sources of error such as sampling and/or drift is allowed for all loci in all populations. This allows investigation of the effects of different assumptions about sources of error on the estimates. Admixture is then investigated for Icelanders and Ashkenazi Jews. Results indicate that the Icelanders have a large Norse contribution, and that the Jews may have a small to moderate contribution from the European gene pool. There are some indications that ABO and G6PD give abnormal estimates of admixture compared to other loci, and that the Jewish gene pool may be derived from additional populations in addition to the populations considered.
Conversion of Single Crystals of Chlorapatite into Single Crystals of Hydroxyapatite

SINGLE crystals of synthetic hydroxyapatite with minimum dimensions larger than about 0.1 mm have been required for X-ray and neutron diffraction investigations but they have not been available. The solid state exchange of chloride ions in single crystals of chlorapatite for hydroxyl ions, as reported here, produces suitably large single crystals of hydroxyapatite. The exchange holds additional interest both as a process and for the effects of a partial exchange on crystal properties.
Pearson-Tukey Three-Point Approximations Versus Monte Carlo Simulation

Accuracy of the Pearson-Tukey three-point approximation is measured in units of standard deviation and compared with that of Monte Carlo simulation. Using a variety of well-known distributions, comparisons are made for the mean of a random variable and for common functions of one and two random variables. Comparisons are also made for the mean of an assortment of risk-analysis (Monte Carlo) models drawn from the literature. The results suggest that the Pearson-Tukey approximation is a useful alternative to simulation in risk-analysis situations.
The dilemma of genetic engineering

Throughout history, scientific and technological advancements have pre sented a dilemma to mankind. The basic problem is that advances in knowledge do not automatically define the criteria for their use. As a result, we find that nearly all of our scientific knowledge has the potential of being "good" or "bad," depending upon man's application of it. The dilemma of this situation lies in the fact that man must also define, or at least interpret, what is good and what is bad. Was the production of the atomic bomb to end a terrible war good or bad? Is the use of atomic energy to satisfy the insati able demands for power from an ever-growing, affluent society good or bad? Hardly a scientific or technological advancement does not present this di lemma to mankind. Furthermore, as our scientific enterprises have ad vanced, the stakes have grown larger and larger. Much of our scientific and technological knowledge has been applied to the production of weapons that kill and control, through the threat of death and destruction, our fellow man. Through the years, the efficiency of this weaponry has been increased until now several of the nuclear powers of the world have the capability of completely destroying the human species several times over. These are in deed high stakes.
Infrared chemiluminescence studies of H + BrCN and H abstraction by CN reactions. Importance of the HNC channel

Abstract The H + BrCN reaction and the H abstraction reactions from HI, H 2 S, PH 3 , SiH 4 , CH 3 OCH 3 , c -C 5 H 10 and C(CH 3 ) 4 by CN were studied by infrared chemiluminescence in a fast flow reactor. From the dependence of the HCN and HNC emission intensities on temperature, activation energies of 5.2 ± 0.4 and 7.5 ± 0.8 kcal mol −1 were assigned for the HCN and HNC channels from the H + BrCN reaction. The anharmonicity constant, X 3,3 for HNC, was determined to be 66 cm −1 . All reactions yielded HCN with an inverted vibrational distribution in ν 2 along with ν 2 excitation and 〈 f v 〉 = 0.4–0.5. The abstraction reaction PH 3 and HI produced HNC ( v 3 , ⩾ 1) with HNC/HCN ratios of ⩾ 0.02 and ⩾ 0.43, respectively.
The spin polarisability of the electron.

Abstract The concept is introduced of electron spin polarisability, a new fundamental property of the electron which has no classical counterpart and whose existence can be tested experimentally by a theoretically predicted laser induced analogue of the anomalous Zeeman effect and electron spin resonance. Conditions are suggested for the experimental investigation, using the conjugate product of a Nd:YAG pump laser in a modified NMR/ESR spectrometer.
Expanding the Dimensions of Epistemic Cognition: Arguments From Philosophy and Psychology

Psychological and educational researchers have developed a flourishing research program on epistemological dimensions of cognition (epistemic cognition). Contemporary philosophers investigate many epistemological topics that are highly relevant to this program but that have not featured in research on epistemic cognition. We argue that integrating these topics into psychological models of epistemic cognition is likely to improve the explanatory and predictive power of these models. We thus propose and explicate a philosophically grounded framework for epistemic cognition that includes five components: (a) epistemic aims and epistemic value; (b) the structure of knowledge and other epistemic achievements; (c) the sources and justification of knowledge and other epistemic achievements, and the related epistemic stances; (d) epistemic virtues and vices; and (e) reliable and unreliable processes for achieving epistemic aims. We further argue for a fine-grained, context-specific analysis of cognitions within t...
Use of glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein to determine need for glucose tolerance testing.

Objective: Glucose intolerance has been shown to be a better predictor of morbidity and mortality than impaired fasting glucose. However, glucose tolerance tests are inconvenient and expensive. This study evaluated the relative frequencies of glucose intolerance and impaired fasting glucose and sought to determine if 2-hour glucose could be predicted from simple demographic and laboratory data in an obese population. Research Methods and Procedures: Eighty-nine obese subjects (median BMI 35 kg/m2, range 30 to 40 kg/m2) underwent glucose tolerance testing. Using step-wise linear and logistic regression analysis, fasting glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fasting insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, sex, and age were assessed as predictors of glucose intolerance. Results: Impaired glucose tolerance was more prevalent (27%) than impaired fasting glucose (5.6%). Only fasting glucose and hsCRP were significant (p 140 mg/dL). A fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or an hsCRP > 0.32 mg/dL (upper quartile of the normal range) detected 81% (sensitivity) of obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance; however, specificity was poor (46%). Fasting insulin ≥ 6 μU/mL had better sensitivity (92%) but poorer specificity (30%). Discussion: Impaired glucose tolerance is more common than impaired fasting glucose in an obese population. Possible strategies to avoid doing glucose tolerance tests in all obese patients would be to do glucose tolerance testing only in those whose fasting glucose is ≥ 100 mg/dL or whose hsCRP exceeds 0.32 mg/dL or those whose fasting insulin is ≥ 6 μU/mL.
Comparison of changes in vertical dimension between compression and injection molded complete dentures

Abstract Complete dentures were made for 30 patients. Fifteen sets were processed by conventional compression molding and 15 sets were processed by using the SR-Ivocap injection system. Changes in vertical dimension between the waxed and processed dentures were measured at the incisal guide pin by using a dial indicator. The difference between the two methods was highly significant on the basis of t -statistics. Whereas the processing changes noted with the conventional pack-and-press method were similar to previous studies, the injection method produced little or no pin opening. The superiority of the injection method before decasting was indisputable, and the results suggest that the laboratory remount procedure may be unnecessary when this system is used.
Effects of “Framing” on measures of risk tolerance: Financial planners are not immune

Abstract Prospect theory suggests that describing the objective risk inherent in a situation in terms of how much can be “gained” will lead to risk avoidance, whereas describing the same exact situation in terms of the potential “losses” to be suffered leads to risk-seeking behavior. This effect has been called “framing.” The present study investigated whether this bias occured among a professional group that deals with financial risk as part of their work. The results show that financial planners are not immune to the framing bias.
Distal interactions in the cyanide complex of ferric Chlamydomonas hemoglobin

Chlamydomonas hemoglobin is expressed in chloroplast during active photosynthesis. Its heme pocket has an unusual structure that undergoes substantial changes when exogenous ligands bind the heme iron. In the ferrous state of the heme, oxygen binds with high affinity and is stabilized by interactions from E7-glutamine and B10-tyrosine. In the present study, we have examined cyanide binding to the ferric heme by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The frequency of the Fe−CN stretching mode in the wild-type protein was assigned at 440 cm-1, which is significantly lower than that observed in other globins. Another cyanide isotope sensitive mode located at 315 cm-1 is tentatively assigned as an Fe(III)−His stretching mode in the six-coordinate CN adduct. To determine the sensitivity of the Fe−CN stretching mode to the interactions in the distal pocket, we also studied three distal pocket mutants. The frequency of the Fe−CN stretching mode in the cyanide complex of the Lys87Ala (E10) mutant was nearly identical to t...
A nationwide survey of the management of unintentional-low dose tricyclic antidepressant ingestions involving asymptomatic children: implications for the development of an evidence-based clinical guideline.

Background: The triage of unintentional tricyclic and cyclic antidepressant ingestions involving children <6 years seems based on single cases or small studies. Walsh, in describing 2 cases involving 15–20 mg/kg ingestions, recommended hospitalizing all children ingesting tricyclic and cyclic antidepressants. Objective: To evaluate the patterns of triage for pediatric tricyclic and cyclic antidepressants practiced by regional poison control centers nationwide, and to determine the amount ingested (mg/kg) that resulted in referral to the emergency department, including the recommended duration of observation time for asymptomatic children. Second, to analyze the cost implications, as well as the need for a practice guideline based on severity stratification. Methods: We sent a survey to 44 major regional poison control centers. We reviewed Health Care Financing Administration's tricyclic and cyclic antidepressants management related costs. Results: Thirty centers responded (68%). Eighty-seven percent of al...
Infectious defective interfering particles of VSV from transcripts of a cDNA clone

The generation of infectious defective interfering (DI) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) entirely from cDNA clones is reported. Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase was used to direct the transcription of a complete negative-stranded genomic RNA from a cDNA clone of a VSV DI RNA in cells simultaneously expressing the five VSV proteins from separately transfected cDNA clones. The negative-stranded transcript was encapsidated with N protein, replicated by the VSV polymerase, and the replicated RNAs were assembled and budded to yield infectious DI virions. No helper VSV was required. Replication occurred at high levels and was assayed by direct biochemical means. An exact 3' terminus of the initial transcript, which was generated by autolytic cleavage using a ribozyme from hepatitis delta virus, was critical for replication.
Love and Respect in the Doctrine of Virtue

Rejetant l'opposition kantienne entre l'amour et le respect comme metaphores des forces physiques de l'attraction et de la repulsion dans la «Doctrine de la vertu», l'A. montre que la reelle distinction entre les deux notions reside dans celle des devoirs d'amour et des devoirs du respect, qui n'est autre que la division des devoirs parfaits envers soi et des devoirs imparfaits envers soi, dont tout manquement est vice, pour l'un, et absence de vertu, pour le second. Dans l'article suivant intitule «Love in vain» (pp. 45-50), R. Johnson defend l'opposition etablie par Kant et montre que l'amour n'est autre qu'une forme du respect, s'inscrivant dans la definition morale de l'amour pratique
Zinc Potentiation of Androgen Receptor Binding to Nuclei in Vitro

Zn2+ potentiates binding of the 4.5S [3H]dihydrotestosterone-receptor complex to isolated rat prostate Dunning tumor nuclei in vitro when assayed in the presence of 300 microM ZnCl2, 3 mM MgCl2, 0.25 M sucrose, 5 mM mercaptoethanol, 0.15 M KCl, and 50 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, pH 7.5. In the presence of 5 mM mercaptoethanol, the concentration of 50 microM total Zn2+ required to promote half-maximal receptor binding to nuclei corresponds to a free Zn2+ concentration of 50 nM. The receptor-nuclear interaction appears to be selective for Zn2+; other divalent cations when added at a concentration of 1 mM to a buffer containing 5 mM mercaptoethanol are less effective (Ni2+) or have essentially no effect (Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+). Zn2+ does not alter the sedimentation rate of the 4.5S [3H]dihydrotestosterone receptor in the presence of mercaptoethanol; however, in the absence of mercaptoethanol, Zn2+ causes the receptor to aggregate. Zn2+-dependent nuclear binding of the 4.5S [3H]dihydrotestosterone receptor is saturable at 1.4 X 10(-13) mol of receptor sites/mg of DNA, corresponding to approximately 1150 sites/nucleus. In the presence of excess nuclei, up to 60% of added receptor is nuclear bound. An apparent binding constant for the receptor-nuclear interaction of 10(13) M-1 was approximated. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (less than or equal to 10 mM), but not 0.4 M KCl, inhibits Zn2+-dependent nuclear binding of the [3H]dihydrotestosterone receptor. Up to 66% of nuclear-bound receptor can be extracted in buffer containing 3 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plus either 0.4 M KCl or 10 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two More New Species of Prockiopsis Baill. (Achariaceae) from Madagascar

Abstract Schatz, G. E. & P. P. Lowry II (2013). Two more new species of Prockiopsis Baill. (Achariaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68: 277–283. In English, English and French abstracts and keys. Recent gatherings from 2009 made on the Ampasindava peninsula in northwestern Madagascar and to the west of Fort Dauphin reveal two new species of the endemic Malagasy genus Prockiopsis Baill. (Achariaceae). In contrast to the three heretofore known species, all of which possess six petals, one of the new species, Prockiopsis razakamalalae G. E. Schatz, Lowry & Rakotovao, possesses only four petals, whereas the other one, Prockiopsis grandis G. E. Schatz & Lowry, possesses eight (or nine) petals. Both new species are given preliminary conservation assessments of “Critically Endangered”. A key to the five species of Prockiopsis is provided in English and French.
Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy—panacea, snake oil, or a bit of both?

Age-related declines in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentration parallel the physical and cognitive changes of aging. This observation suggests that these events are causally related and that replacement therapy might have beneficial effects in the elderly. The authors of this Viewpoint consider the evidence for, and against, such an approach.
Principal Challenges Confronting Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa

Summary This paper uses small-scale farm survey data from five countries of eastern and southern Africa to highlight four under-appreciated issues: (i) how land distribution patterns constrain the potential of crop technology and input intensification to enable many small farms to escape from poverty; (ii) why most smallholders are unable to produce more than a marginal surplus or participate meaningfully in commodity markets; (iii) why most farmers are directly hurt by higher grain prices; and (iv) why the marketed agricultural surplus is exceedingly concentrated among a small group of relatively large smallholders. Policy and public investment options are reviewed in the light of these findings. There is no one future for small farms in Africa: much depends on government policy and investment decisions.
ANL survey of LWR containment penetrations: A progress report

Abstract Argonne National Laboratory is currently working on specific tasks in a containment penetration integrity program funded by NRC and managed by the Sandia National Laboratories. The first of these tasks is called “Characterization of Existing Penetration Designs”. The objective of this task is to identify those penetrations in nuclear reactor containments which, because of historical data or expected behavior under accident loads, are believed to have a relatively high probability of developing leakage when subjected to temperatures and pressures well beyond the containment design basis values. The program focuses on large and operating penetrations — such as personnel airlocks, equipment hatches, and bellows seals — and excludes electrical penetration assemblies and valve penetrations. (Sandia is working on electrical penetrations and EG&G is studying valve penetration assemblies.) This task will determine which penetrations require detailed study to determine leakage characteristics, and will identify which types of penetrations may require specific model and/or large-scale testing to obtain such characteristics. The survey is concentrating on containments built primarily between 1970 and 1982, and includes a comprehensive sample involving not only all types of containment types and materials, but also includes work performed by a large number of A-E design firms. The survey includes a good sample of containment penetration fabrication vendors. About 40 containments have been completed mid-August 1984.
Planning’s End? Urban Renewal in New Haven, the Yale School of Art and Architecture, and the Fall of the New Deal Spatial Order

This article argues that the movement against urban renewal emerged not only in the streets of American cities, but also in the halls of American universities. In response to the extensive redevelopment of New Haven in the 1950s and 1960s, students at the Yale School of Art and Architecture, and especially in the Department of City Planning, marshaled an extensive critique of their expanding university’s role in this top-down reconstruction. In the plight of impacted communities they found a parallel to their own frustrations as students. Envisioning a more “relevant” design pedagogy that deemphasized the role of the professional and lent greater power to the grassroots, students forced the hand of Yale president Kingman Brewster, Jr., who sought to protect the expertise and bureaucratic process he viewed as essential to liberalism. In their confrontation lay a fundamental shift in the order of urban redevelopment—and thus in the order of the modern city—in the last years of the 1960s.
Numerical simulation of intense-beam experiments at LLNL and LBNL

We present intense-beam simulations with the WARP code that are being carried out in support of the Heavy-Ion Fusion experimental programs at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The WARP code is an electrostatic particle-in-cell code with an extensive hierarchy of simulation capabilities. Two experiments are analyzed. First, simulations are presented on an 80 keV, 2 mA K‘ bent transport channel at LLNL that employs an alternating-gradient lattice of magnetic quadrupoles for beam focusing and electric dipoles for beam bending. Issues on dispersion-induced changes in beam quality on the transition from straight- to bent-lattice sections are explored. The second experiment analyzed is a 2 MeV, 800 mA, driver-scale injector and matching section at LBNL that is based on a K‘ source and an alternating-gradient lattice of electrostatic quadrupoles biased to accelerate, focus, and match the beam. Issues on beam quality, space-charge waves, and beam hollowing are explored. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Cross-Cultural Training Practices and Needs in the Hotel Industry

This exploratory study determined cross-cultural training (CCT) practices and needs in U.S. hotel/motel companies to serve as a basis for making recommenda tions for educational programs in hospitality management. A research model was developed to explore antecedents to CCT and attitudes toward diversity. Corporate human resources/personnel directors in hotel/motel companies were mailed a questionnaire. Most companies did not provide cross-cultural training to employees, although one third of their employees were foreign-born. Speaking ability in a foreign language, particularly Spanish, was found to be an advantage for obtaining employ ment, particularly at the supervisory level, in most of these hotel companies. Respondents agreed that the laborpool is becoming more culturally diverse and that managers who understand values of cultural groups are more effective in training employees. They disagreed that it is easier to manage U.S.-born employees than foreign-born employees. While the antecedents to CCT-...
65-year-old woman with swelling of the right lower limb.

65-year-old woman presented to the emergency de­ partment for evaluation of pain and swelling of her right lower extremity, which was associated with warmth and tenderness. She denied experiencing any recent long­ distance travel, trauma, estrogen use, fever, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, syncope, or previous deep venous thrombosis. She had a 2-month history of increasing dysuria, urinary frequency, nocturia, urge incontinence, and intermittent vaginal bleeding. In addition, she had ex­ creted no urine for 24 hours. The patient denied having any flank pain, hematuria, or passage of gravel in her urine. She had taken no analgesics nor been exposed to any radiologic contrast media. The patient's history was notable for several episodes of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory dis­ ease, vulval papillomas (one of which demonstrated in situ carcinoma on excision 40 years previously), and gastro­ esophageal reflux disease. She was a long-term smoker but consumed no alcohol. There was no family history of renal disease, thromboembolism, or cancer. On examination, the patient appeared ill and pale. Her temperature was 37.2°C, pulse rate was 80/min, blood pressure was 100/60 mm Hg with no orthostatic drop, and respirations were 20/min. She had no adenopathy, goiter, or rash. Findings on a breast examination were normal. The apex beat was not displaced, the heart sounds were normal with a soft systolic murmur at the base, and there was no pericardial friction rub. Diffuse expiratory rhonchi were detected in the chest. Her abdomen was soft, nondistended, and without tenderness or bruits. The bladder was not palpable. Her right lower limb was swollen, warm, and tender up to the mid thigh with no cords palpable. Initial laboratory results (reference ranges shown paren­ thetically) were as follows: hemoglobin, 5.9 g/dl, (12.0­ 15.5 g/dL); mean corpuscular volume, 80 tL (81.6-98.3 Il.); leukocytes, 11.5 x 10 9!L (3.5-10.5 x 10 9!L); platelet