cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ontogeny of metabolic rate and thermoregulatory capabilities of northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, pups in air and water.

Young pinnipeds, born on land, must eventually enter the water to feed independently. The aim of this study was to examine developmental factors that might influence this transition. The ontogeny of metabolic rate and thermoregulation in northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, pups was investigated at two developmental stages in air and water using open-circuit respirometry. Mean in-air resting metabolic rate (RMR) increased significantly from 113+/-5 ml O(2 )min(-)(1) (N=18) pre-molt to 160+/-4 ml O(2 )min(-)(1) (N=16; means +/- s.e.m.) post-molt. In-water, whole-body metabolic rates did not differ pre- and post-molt and were 2.6 and 1.6 times in-air RMRs respectively. Mass-specific metabolic rates of pre-molt pups in water were 2.8 times in-air rates. Mean mass-specific metabolic rates of post-molt pups at 20 degrees C in water and air did not differ (16.1+/-1.7 ml O(2 )min(-)(1 )kg(-)(1); N=10). In-air mass-specific metabolic rates of post-molt pups were significantly lower than in-water rates at 5 degrees C (18.2+/-1.1 ml O(2 )min(-)(1 )kg(-)(1); N=10) and 10 degrees C (19.4+/-1.7 ml O(2 )min(-)(1 )kg(-)(1); N=10; means +/- s.e.m.). Northern fur seal pups have metabolic rates comparable with those of terrestrial mammalian young of similar body size. Thermal conductance was independent of air temperature, but increased with water temperature. In-water thermal conductance of pre-molt pups was approximately twice that of post-molt pups. In-water pre-molt pups matched the energy expenditure of larger post-molt pups while still failing to maintain body temperature. Pre-molt pups experience greater relative costs when entering the water regardless of temperature than do larger post-molt pups. This study demonstrates that the development of thermoregulatory capabilities plays a significant role in determining when northern fur seal pups enter the water.
Intensive multimodal communication treatment for people with chronic aphasia

Background: Clinicians often teach persons with aphasia (PWA) non-verbal strategies to compensate for reduced verbal communication. The manner in which they teach the strategies may have an impact on how well PWA generalise and use the strategies. Previously, multimodal communication treatment (MCT) taught multiple modalities simultaneously. While participants demonstrated some increase in the flexible use of strategies, many communication breakdowns continued to occur. Recent research suggests that intensive treatment protocols result in the greatest increase in skills.Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intensive (2–3 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 2 weeks) multimodality communication training for aphasia resulted in increased successful use of verbal and non-verbal communication modalities as well as increased successful communicative repairs during structured communication tasks.Methods & Procedures: Three participants with chronic aphasia completed four baseline sessions, 10 treatme...
Psychometric properties and normative data for the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) in high school and collegiate athletes

AbstractObjective: Assessment of emotional functioning is important in sport-related concussion (SRC) management, although few standardized measures have been validated in this population, and appropriate normative data are lacking. We investigated the psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) in high school and collegiate athletes at risk of SRC and compiled normative data.Method: Athletes (n = 2,031) completed the BSI-18 and other measures of concussion symptoms, cognition, and psychological functioning. A subset of healthy individuals was re-evaluated at approximately 7, 30, 45, and 165 days. Psychometric analyses of test–retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity were performed. Given significant differences between sexes and education levels (high school or college student) on the BSI-18 Global Severity Index and all subscales, normative conversion tables were produced after stratifying by these variables.Results: The BSI-18 showed good inte...
Bioinspired Plate-Based Fog Collectors

In a recent work, we explored the feeding mechanism of a shorebird to transport liquid drops by repeatedly opening and closing its beak. In this work, we apply the corresponding results to develop a new artificial fog collector. The collector includes two nonparallel plates. It has three advantages in comparison with existing artificial collectors: (i) easy fabrication, (ii) simple design to scale up, and (iii) active transport of condensed water drops. Two collectors have been built. A small one with dimensions of 4.2 × 2.1 × 0.05 cm3 (length × width × thickness) was first built and tested to examine (i) the time evolution of condensed drop sizes and (ii) the collection processes and efficiencies on the glass, SiO2, and SU-8 plates. Under similar experimental conditions, the amount of water collected per unit area on the small collector is about 9.0, 4.7, and 3.7 times, respectively, as much as the ones reported for beetles, grasses, and metal wires, and the total amount of water collected is around 33, ...
New legal pitfalls surrounding wellness programs and their implications for financial risk

Abstract In a 2013 Business Horizons article, we described the serious legal problems that can arise when companies develop corporate wellness programs, and outlined ways in which companies can minimize their financial risk. Recently, the landscape changed: For the first time, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission asserted that several wellness programs violate the Americans with Disabilities Act. In this installment of Organizational Performance, we explain the battles that are taking place along this new legal front and suggest steps companies can take to best ensure that their financial positions are not undermined by their wellness programs. In particular, we recommend (1) ensuring that wellness programs actually improve employee health; (2) revisiting whether programs are truly voluntary; (3) being cautious about including dependents in wellness programs; (4) collaborating with disabled employees to meet their needs; (5) providing clear, written explanations when asking for medical information; and (6) taking extra precautions to ensure that medical information is confidential.
A survey on density of cockroach in Jiangxia district in Wuhan from 2007 to 2009

Objective To provide scientific basis for cockroach control by grasping of community structure and the seasonal fluctuation in 2007-2009.Methods Cockroach traps.Results Totally 3 050 were captured and two species were found in this survey.Blattella germanica was predominant species,accouted for 93.5%.Cockroach were active throughout the year,the density of which were higher between April and October,and the highest density generally appeared from June to August.Conclusion The community structure and seasonal fluctuation of cockroach were preliminary known.
A Survey and Analysis on Dietary Behavior of Children Aged 3-6 in a Community of Shanghai

[Objective] To understand the dietary behavior of children aged 3-6 years old and the relevant family factors to provide scientific basis for developing effective intervention programs.[Methods] A total of 254 parents of kindergarten children in Minhang district were selected by random cluster sampling,and the information of dietary behavior issues and influencing factors was collected through questionnaire,with 248 questionnaires available.[Results] According to the questionnaire,36.3% of the children(90/248) rendered problematic dietary habits,4.8% of them(12/248) did not have breakfast every morning,and the top three unhealthy dietary habits were eating snacks(76.6%),being half-hearted during meals(62.1%),and picky eating(48.0%).In addition,38.7% of them(96/248) took breakfast in poor quality.They mostly consumed traditional cereals for break fast instead of food with high quality protein.There was a significant positive correlation between children’s dietary habits and parents’(r = 0.262,r = 0.309;P0.01).[Conclusion] Among the children aged 3-6 years old in this community,the overall quality of breakfast was not high,and more than 1/3 of them rendered unhealthy eating habits.The direct factor influencing children’s dietary habits is derived from their parents,so the education of dietary behavior delivered to parents is critical and need to be strengthened.
Technical improvements in the management of omphalocele and gastroschisis.

The use of a temporary prosthetic covering for the exposed viscera has strikingly altered the outlook in these conditions. In gastroschisis the capability of giving total intravenous nutrition has allowed survival through the long period of bowel dysfunction common in the postoperative period.
Picosecond Infrared Studies of Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Transfer

CO and NO stretching modes of Co (CO) 3NO at 295 K in the gas phase and in dilute CCl3F solution are investigated using picosecond infrared (IR) pump/probe transient spectroscopy. Intra- and inter-molecular vibrational energy transfer mechanisms are inferred from these results.
The Sensitivity of WRF Daily Summertime Simulations over West Africa to Alternative Parameterizations. Part II: Precipitation

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model as a regional atmospheric model over West Africa. It tests WRF’s sensitivity to 64 configurations of alternative parameterizations in a series of 104 twelve-day September simulations during 11 consecutive years, 2000–10. The 64 configurations combine WRF parameterizations of cumulus convection, radiation, surface hydrology, and the PBL. Simulated daily and total precipitation results are validated against Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Particular attention is given to westward-propagating precipitation maxima associated with African easterly waves (AEWs). A wide range of daily precipitation validation scores demonstrates the influence of alternative parameterizations. The best WRF performers achieve time–longitude correlations (against GPCP) of between 0.35 and 0.42 and spatiotemporal variability amplitudes only slightly higher than observed...
RAPID EVALUATION OF VIABLE CELL COUNTS BY USING THE MICROTITER SYSTEM AND MPN TECHNIQUE

A rapid procedure was developed for estimating viable cell counts in bacterial cultures by combining the Microtiter system and Most Probable Number technique. The correlation coefficient of the data between this method and the agar plate method was statistically significant at the 1% level. The advantage of this Microtiter-MPN procedure are savings of time, space, and material. Since the method covers a wide range of dilutions, estimates of cell concentration for proper dilutions are not needed in advance of enumeration procedures. Data are obtainable as early as 6 hr after samples are placed in incubation.
Heterogeneous Interconnect Stitching Technology With Compressible MicroInterconnects for Dense Multi-Die Integration

In this letter, a heterogeneous interconnect stitching technology is proposed. Stitch chips with high-density fine pitch wires are placed between the substrate and the active chips. Fine-pitch microbumps are used to bond the chips and provide high density and low-energy signaling. Compressible microinterconnects (CMIs) are used to compensate for package non-planarity and enable chip-package interconnection. A testbed with two passive chips and one stitch chip was fabricated and assembled. The post-assembly electrical resistance values of the microbumps and CMIs, as well as the mechanical compliance of the CMIs, are measured. The resistance of the microbumps ranges from 77.8 to 188.3 μΩ and the resistance of the CMIs ranges from 141.2 to 252.9 mQ. The mechanical compliance of the CMI is approximately 13.7 mm/N with a vertical elastic deformation of up to 30 μm.
THE STATUS OF KOCHER'S METHOD OF REDUCING RECENT ANTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER

A study of the literature reveals that many authors reject Kocher's method entirely, many more advise various "modifications", and a still larger number have offered new methods of reduction, most of them involving traction. Clinical, roentgenographic, and autopsy evidence does not support Kocher's beliefs as to the role played by the muscles, the capsule, and the greater tubercle of the humerus in dislocation of the shoulder. Kocher's method for reducing dislocation of the shoulder may well be omitted from the textbooks and more physiological methods substituted.
Coordination Chemistry: Electronic Spectra

This chapter builds upon the quantum mechanics discussed earlier in this book. It will deal with some of the theoretical interpretations of the electronic spectra of transition metal complexes. Chemists are always intrigued by the vibrant colors and electronic spectra of coordination compounds. The structure and dynamics of the excited states of metal complexes have largely been the province of electronic spectra. The basic understanding of the spectra involves a consideration of the resolution of the degeneracies of eigenstates of the free metal ion by the applied crystal field. If one can know the available energy levels in a compound, it is then easy to understand the absorption spectrum that arises from the electronic transitions that take place between the ground state and one of the various excited states. Some of these transitions are not allowed due to the selection rules of quantum mechanics, whereas others are allowed only under certain conditions.
Risk of myeloid neoplasms after radiotherapy among older women with localized breast cancer: A population-based study

Background There are inconsistent and limited data regarding the risk of myeloid neoplasms (MN) among breast cancer survivors who received radiotherapy (RT) in the absence of chemotherapy. Concern about subsequent MN might influence the decision to use adjuvant RT for women with localized disease. As patients with therapy-related MN have generally poor outcomes, the presumption of subsequent MN being therapy-related could affect treatment recommendations. Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked database to study older women with in-situ or stage 1–3 breast cancer diagnosed 2001–2009 who received surgery. Chemotherapy and RT were ascertained using Medicare claims, and new MN diagnoses were captured using both SEER registry and Medicare claims. We excluded women who received chemotherapy for initial treatment, and censored at receipt of subsequent chemotherapy. Competing-risk survival analysis was used to assess the association between RT and risk of subsequent MN adjusting for relevant characteristics. Results Median follow-up for 60,426 eligible patients was 68 months (interquartile range, 46 to 92 months), with 47.6% receiving RT. In total, 316 patients (0.52%) were diagnosed with MN; the cumulative incidence per 10,000 person-years was 10.6 vs 9.0 among RT-treated vs non-RT-treated women, respectively (p = .004); the increased risk of subsequent MN persisted in the adjusted analysis (hazard ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.80). The results were consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Our data suggest that RT is associated with a significant risk of subsequent MN among older breast cancer survivors, though the absolute risk increase is very small. These findings suggest the benefits of RT outweigh the risks of development of subsequent MN.
Two Sides of a Coin: Separating Personal Communication and Public Dissemination Accounts in Twitter

There are millions of accounts in Twitter. In this paper, we categorize twitter accounts into two types, namely Personal Communication Account (PCA) and Public Dissemination Account (PDA). PCAs are accounts operated by individuals and are used to express that individual’s thoughts and feelings. PDAs, on the other hand, refer to accounts owned by non-individuals such as companies, governments, etc. Generally, Tweets in PDA (i) disseminate a specific type of information (e.g., job openings, shopping deals, car accidents) rather than sharing an individual’s personal life; and (ii) may be produced by non-human entities (e.g., bots). We aim to develop techniques for identifying PDAs so as to (i) facilitate social scientists to reduce “noise” in their study of human behaviors, and (ii) to index them for potential recommendation to users looking for specific types of information. Through analysis, we find these two types of accounts follow different temporal, spatial and textual patterns. Accordingly we develop probabilistic models based on these features to identify PDAs. We also conduct a series of experiments to evaluate those algorithms for cleaning the Twitter data stream.
The origin of life, “the World of RNA,” and the problem of antibiotic resistance

The studies of the Nobel laureate in Chemistry S. Altman changed the established scientific idea about RNA solely as a carrier of genetic information. Altman discovered the catalytic properties of RNA, which provided new opportunities for the development of genetic engineering, biochemistry, and medicine and played a key role in constructing a modern theory of the origin of life on Earth. He created a worldfamous laboratory at Yale University, where he and his colleagues studied the structure and properties of RNase P and RNA catalysis mechanisms. Scientists from different countries have participated in the work of this laboratory on study of post-transcriptional processing of RNA and have considered the possibilities of constructing a new type of gene-directed agents based on catalytic RNA for biomedical purposes. In the framework of the competition of megagrants of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Ministry of Education in 2013, S. Altman received a grant, thanks to which under his leadership the Russian–American Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry was formed at the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The laboratory is a consortium of young scientists working on solving interdisciplinary problems in the field of nucleic acid chemistry, biophysics, and microbiology. Laboratory staff have obtained unique analogs of oligonucleotides, which opens up new opportunities for creating modern therapeutic drugs and materials for diagnosis.
Analysis and Compact Modeling of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Utilizing Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy

A macrospin compact model of a perpendicularly magnetized voltage-controlled magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is introduced, for the evaluation of electronic and magnetic characteristics associated with its switching behavior. The voltage-driven precessional switching has been shown to outperform current-driven switching in terms of energy, speed, and bit density. However, to realize the device in embedded system memory applications, developing a compact model for simulating hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuits is necessary. This framework also needs to be compatible with conventional computer-aided circuit design tools and flows. In this paper, the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect is included as a component of the effective magnetic field in a Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation-based model. The compact model is described by Verilog-A, providing a numerical solution for a 3-D magnetization trajectory and the corresponding conductance change of the MTJ. We also include the thermal noise effect in the LLG equation to allow the evaluation of stochastic switching behavior under a wide variety of bias conditions, which can be quantified in terms of write error rate (WER). It is shown that the model allows for optimization of write pulse shape and design considerations to achieve the lowest WER for given MTJ parameters.
Assessing child physical abuse: An examination of the factor structure and validity of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC)

Abstract Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with negative outcomes for young children across several areas of functioning. Given limitations in measuring different types of CM using substantiated abuse reports, other assessments may be helpful to inform identification and intervention efforts, such as self-report measures. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC) is a parent-report measure that provides information regarding the presence and severity of parenting behaviors related to CM subtypes, including physical and psychological abuse. The current study examines the factor structure of the CTSPC as well as its convergent validity with a behavioral observation measure, the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS). Pre-treatment archival data for 110 parent-child dyads with a substantiated physical abuse incident who were court-mandated to receive treatment as part of a larger study were used. Results demonstrated that a four-factor model best described the structure of the CTSPC, contrary to the theoretically-proposed structure of the measure. Reports on the CTSPC scales were also associated with several parent behaviors measured by the DPICS. Possible areas of improvement for the scale were provided. The current study has implications for further psychometric development of the CTSPC as well as its future use as a measure of parenting behaviors related to abuse.
The Alarming Rate of Major Disruptive Events in Primary Care Practices in Oklahoma.

PURPOSE In primary care practices, sustainability of performance improvements and ability to deliver continuity of care to patients can be adversely affected by major disruptive events, such as relocations and changes in ownership, clinicians, and key staff. This study documented the rates of major disruptive events in a cohort of primary care practices in Oklahoma. METHODS Practices were included if they had existed for 1 year before enrollment and remained in the project for at least 1 year after enrollment. Practice characteristics for 208 practices and major disruptive events during the preenrollment year were collected by survey. Postenrollment major disruptive events were prospectively collected by practice facilitators. We compiled frequency statistics and conducted bivariate analyses for each data set. RESULTS Of 208 eligible practices, 81 (39%) were clinician owned, and 51 (25%) were health system owned. One hundred nine practices (52%) were in nonmetropolitan counties. One hundred seventy-five major disruptive events occurred in 120 (58%) practices during the preenrollment year, with 42 practices having experienced multiple events. During the first year of the project, 89 major disruptive events occurred in 67 (32%) practices, with 20 practices experiencing multiple events. The major disruptive events reported most often during both periods were loss of personnel and implementation of electronic health records and billing systems. Practice size was associated with occurrence of these events. CONCLUSIONS During a 2-year period, major disruptive events occurred at an alarming rate, adversely affecting quality improvement efforts. Most reported events involved losses of clinicians and staff. More research is needed to identify and address the root causes of these events.
COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AND OTHER COMORBIDITIES | The Relationship of Epilepsy to Other Conditions/Disorders

Epilepsy occurs in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. This observation suggests the existence of a set of common etiological and neuropathological pathways involved in a complex interaction of genetic, neurobiological, and developmental factors. Many neurodevelopmental disorders originate from the disruption of certain stages of brain development, which subsequently result in the alteration of synaptic function and/or the formation of dysplastic neurons – which, in turn, give rise to hyperexcitable networks that increases seizure susceptibility. In this review, we discuss possible mechanistic connections between epilepsy and autism, particularly in two genetic/developmental disorders – Rett syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex.
CESM1(WACCM) Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble Project

This paper describes the Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS) project, which promotes the use of a unique model dataset, performed with the Community Earth System Model, with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model as its atmospheric component [CESM1(WACCM)], to investigate global and regional impacts of geoengineering. The performed simulations were designed to achieve multiple simultaneous climate goals, by strategically placing sulfur injections at four different locations in the stratosphere, unlike many earlier studies that targeted globally averaged surface temperature by placing injections in regions at or around the equator. This advanced approach reduces some of the previously found adverse effects of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering, including uneven cooling between the poles and the equator and shifts in tropical precipitation. The 20-member ensemble increases the ability to distinguish between forced changes and changes due to climate variability in global and regional climate variables in the coupled atmosphere, land, sea ice, and ocean system. We invite the broader community to perform in-depth analyses of climate-related impacts and to identify processes that lead to changes in the climate system as the result of a strategic application of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering.
GST-on-silicon hybrid nanophotonic integrated circuits: a non-volatile quasi-continuously reprogrammable platform

Reconfiguration of silicon photonic integrated circuits relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effect of silicon usually suffers from a large footprint and energy consumption. Here, integrating a phase-change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) with silicon microring resonators, we demonstrate an energy-efficient, compact, non-volatile, reprogrammable platform. By adjusting the energy and number of free-space laser pulses applied to the GST, we characterize the strong broadband attenuation and optical phase modulation effects of the platform, and perform quasi-continuous tuning enabled by thermo-optically-induced phase changes. As a result, a non-volatile optical switch with a high extinction ratio, as large as 33 dB, is demonstrated.
SCL binds the human homologue of DRG in vivo

A suspected oncoprotein, human development regulated GTP-binding protein (DRG) has never been identified though homologues were found in mouse, Xenopus, Drosophila, yeast and Halobacteria. During a search for SCL binding partners using the yeast 2-hybrid system, we isolated two independent cDNA clones (clone L51 and clone V3) of the human DRG homologue from human fetal liver and human thymus cDNA libraries. Only one amino acid difference was found between human and mouse DRG proteins. Although a human DRG has been previously deposited in the SWISS-PROT Database, we believe that we have cloned the bona fide human DRG based on the highly conserved primary amino acid structure between our cloned human homologue and the mouse DRG.
Blockchain-Based Whitelisting for Consumer IoT Devices and Home Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) devices present different security challenges that have not been addressed yet and there is no clear commitment from stakeholders to do so. Such problems have become evident and IoT devices are targets of malicious actors that employ them as instruments to fulfill their nefarious purposes. Recent attacks to major Internet services have shown the real damage vulnerable devices can make when compromised. Many of the endangered devices sit in home-based environments with users that are not familiar with security or network best practices, which make them easy targets for bad actors. Therefore, there exists the need to find practical solutions using existing technologies that have been, so far, proven to be efficient, such as the blockchain. This paper implements a proof of concept to secure consumer/home-based IoT devices and the networks around them using blockchain technology powered by Ethereum. The results obtained support the idea of a whitelisting application based on the Ethereum protocol.
Association of Germline Genetic Test Type and Results With Patient Cancer Worry After Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

BackgroundThere are concerns that multigene panel testing compared with BRCA1/2-only testing after diagnosis of breast cancer may lead to unnecessary patient worry about cancer because of more ambiguous results.MethodsPatients with breast cancer diagnosed from 2013 to 2015 and accrued from SEER registries in Georgia and Los Angeles were surveyed (n = 5,080; response rate, 70%), and responses were merged with SEER data and germline genetic testing and results. We examined patient reports of cancer worry by test type and results in 1,063 women who linked to a genetic test and reported undergoing testing.ResultsMore than half of the sample (n = 640; 60.2%) received BRCA1/2-only testing versus 423 patients (39.8%) who had a multigene panel. A minority of tested patients reported substantial cancer worry after treatment: 11.1% (n = 130) reported higher impact of cancer worry, and 15.1% (n = 162) reported a high frequency of cancer worry (worrying often or almost always) in the past month. Impact of cancer worr...
Build-A-Bug Workshop: Designing a Learning Experience with Emerging Technology to Foster Creativity

This collective case study uses a design-based research approach to investigate the role of 3D pens, an emerging technology, in fostering creativity during a lesson on biomes, genetics, and heredity with learners in six classes of 4th and 5th grade students from rural Michigan and Idaho. Data analyzed included video of the classroom lessons, student surveys, student created artifacts (planning grids, sketches, photos of their 3D bugs), and student created Flipgrid reflections. We used a collective case of three cases encompassing nine students with self-reported high, median/mean, and low creativity scores to investigate how these scores and creative products aligned. Three major themes emerged across and within the cases: aspects of originality were found in all products, positive and negative aspects of technology use, and affect towards the activity. The results of this study offer understandings into design of activities to foster creative perception and production in the classroom.
Absorption of Keto-Analogues of Branched-Chain Amino Acids from Rat Small Intestine

The keto-analogues of essential amino acids provide a source of essential amino acids that contain no nitrogen, but little is known about the mechanism of keto-analogue intestinal absorption. Absorption of the keto-analogue of valine was compared with that of the corresponding amino acid valine by perfusing rat jejunum and ileum in vivo. In both ileum and jejunum, keto-valine was absorbed at rates only moderately below those of the amino acid valine when perfused at 1–50 mM. In the jejunum, absorption rates for keto-valine relative to valine ranged from 73% to 39% at perfusate concentrations of 1 mM and 25 mM, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the ileum. The absorption curve of keto-valine was nonlinear at low perfusate concentrations and linear at higher concentrations, consistent with both saturable transport and passive diffusion. In further studies, 3 mM keto-valine was perfused into jejunal segments. Twenty-five millimolar of the keto-analogues of isoleucine and phenylalanine inhibited keto-valine absorption by 43% and 50%, respectively, whereas 3 mM of the keto analogue of isoleucine did not. Sixty-seven millimolar valine and 56 mM glucose significantly increased keto-valine absorption by 30% and 57% respectively; there were corresponding fourfold and eightfold increments in water transport. The keto analogues of leucine and isoleucine were absorbed at the same rates as keto-valine when perfused at 3 mM and 25 mM. Arterial and mesentric venous blood was sampled after perfusing 25 mM of keto-leucine and keto-isoleucine. There was a significant release of the corresponding amino acids into mesentric venous blood compared with controls, which suggest partial transamination during absorption. The data indicate: (a) Keto-analogues of the branched-chain amino acids are absorbed at rates moderately below those of the corresponding amino acids; (b) keto-valine absorption is in part mediated throught a saturable mechanism; (c) keto-valine absorption is influenced by solvent drag; and (d) partial transamination occurs during keto-analogue absorption in the rat jejunum.
Brush-Like Polymers and Entanglements: From Linear Chains to Filaments

Dynamics of melts and solutions of high molecular weight polymers and biopolymers is controlled by topological constraints (entanglements) imposing a sliding chain motion along an effective confini...
Development of two quantitative PCR assays for detection of several Cottus species from environmental DNA in Pacific coast watersheds of North America

We developed two quantitative PCR assays for use with environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect numerous species in the genus Cottus that are indigenous to the Pacific coast watersheds of North America. We conducted in vitro assay validations on ten Cottus species and 32 potentially co-occurring non-Cottus species. We demonstrate the efficacy of these assays by field testing eDNA samples collected from streams inhabited by Cottus. These assays will be particularly useful for detecting Cottus in habitats where one (or more) of several Cottus species could be present.
Functional status as a marker of need for hospital admission following outpatient hernia repair.

IntroductionThe careful selection of patients for hernia repair in ambulatory surgery centres is critical to prevent unanticipated inpatient admissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk f...
Spectral Broadening by Saturated Second Harmonic Generation in Nanophotonic Lithium Niobate Waveguides

We demonstrate a new approach to carrier-envelope-offset detection in dispersion-engineered waveguides based on saturated second harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses. This technique simultaneously broadens both harmonics, resulting in coherent carrier-envelope-offset beatnotes across ∼ 400-nm of bandwidth.
Characteristics and Longer-Term Outcomes of Contemporary Patients <18 Years of Age With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

We describe characteristics and outcomes of contemporary pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (PHC) patients. We studied 398 consecutive pediatric HC patients ( 6) and 8% had LVOTG >30 mm Hg (range 0 to 139 mm Hg). At a median of 5.9 years (interquartile range 2.4, 9), there were 23 (6%) ICD's placed, and 47 (12%) primary composite events (9 [2%] deaths, 3 [1%] appropriate ICD discharge, 29 [7%] myectomy, and 8 [2%] OHT). There were no in hospital deaths following myectomy/OHT. Presence of symptoms (Hazard ratio or HR 2.45), ventricular tachycardia (HR 1.52), and higher basal septal LV z-score (HR 1.10) were independently associated with primary composite outcomes. LV septal z-score >4 was independently associated with events on spline analysis. Rate of SCD/appropriate ICD discharge was 0.5%/year. In conclusion, contemporary PHC patients seen at an experienced center have excellent outcomes with presence of symptoms and higher LV septal thickness associated with primary composite events.
A comparison of presentations and outcomes of histoplasmosis across patients with varying immune status.

Few large cohorts have examined histoplasmosis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. We describe the differences in presentations and outcomes of histoplasmosis by immune and dissemination status. We assembled a retrospective cohort of adult patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis from 2002 to 2017. Patients were grouped by immune status: people living with HIV (PLWH), patients who were HIV negative but had other-immunocompromise (OIC), and immunocompetent patients. Patients were further classified into asymptomatic lung nodule (ALN), localized and disseminated disease groups, and outcomes were compared across patients by these immune status categories We identified 261 patients with histoplasmosis: 54 (21%) PLWH, 98 (38%) OIC, and 109 (42%) immunocompetent. Disseminated disease was more common among PLWH than among other groups (P < .001). In localized disease, median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was longer in immunocompetent patients than in other groups (P = .012), and was not significant in disseminated disease. The 90-day mortality was higher in PLWH (25%) and OIC (26%) with localized disease compared to the immunocompetent group (4%) (P = .009), but this difference was not seen in disseminated disease. Patients with localized disease had lower 90-day mortality (14%) compared to those with disseminated disease (21%) (P = .034). We conclude that immunocompetent individuals present with fewer typical symptoms, laboratory findings, and radiographic features of Histoplasma infection, leading to potential delays in diagnosis in this group. Despite this, immunocompetent patients have lower 90-day mortality in localized disease, and do not experience increased 90-day mortality in disseminated disease. LAY SUMMARY This article examines how the signs and symptoms of histoplasmosis vary by immune status and dissemination status. Immunocompetent patients with localized disease present with fewer typical signs and symptoms, are diagnosed later, but despite this have lower 90-day mortality.
Adult Bilinguals Outperform Monolinguals in Theory of Mind

Theory of mind (ToM) is an essential ability for social competence and communication, and it is necessary for understanding behaviours that differ from our own. Research on bilingual children has r...
Improved Siamese Network for motion tracking in ultrasound images

In recent years, the use of Convolutional Neural Networks in medical imaging applications has been increasing drastically. Siamese Networks are among the top architectures that are being borrowed for motion tracking. In this work, we propose an improved Siamese network for robust and accurate landmark tracking in ultrasound image sequences. Despite the staggering efficacy of Siamese networks, the inherent assumptions in the original architecture lead to certain limitations. The assumption of the constant position model and not incorporating any motion model remain unaddressed. In our proposed model, we employ a reference template update module to resolve the assumption of the constant position model and incorporate a Linear Kalman Filter to address the issue of the missing motion model. The proposed model was evaluated for robustness on the training set of the Liver Ultrasound Tracking (CLUST) 2D data set. The robustness of the architecture was evaluated by inducing synthetic occlusions around the landmark. The performance was then compared to the original architecture. Experiments proved that the proposed model outperformed the original model by a significant margin.
Effects of Social and Occupational Stress, and Physical Strain on Suicidal Ideation Among Law Enforcement Officers

To evaluate how social stressors, organizational stressors, and physical strains are related to suicidal ideation (SI) at an urban police department. Data was gathered between January–February 2020. Each case of SI was matched to 4 controls based on age, gender and military experience for a total sample size of 110 officers. Conditional logistic regression models assessed the relationship between stress domains and SI. Five percent (5%) of the officers surveyed (n = 22) reported SI. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, high levels of organizational stress, versus low organizational stress, were associated with 9.2 (95% CI: 1.1–75.8) times the odds of SI compared to no SI. In the fully adjusted model (i.e., sociodemographics and other stressors), medium and high levels of social stress showed 5.1 (95% CI: 1.1–23.5) and 3.8 (95% CI: 1.0–14.5) higher odds of SI compared to no SI. The likelihood of SI increased incrementally as higher number of stressors were reported, suggesting a significant dose-response relationship. This study found organizational and social stress were the strongest predictors of SI for law enforcement officers, as opposed to physical strain. This study serves to further inform the multi-dimensionality of police stress pathways to advise department psychological prevention efforts.
Emotion regulation, procrastination, and watching cat videos online

A survey of nearly 7000 Internet users tested associations between personality traits, past behavior, and viewing cat-related media online.The study also examined Internet users' motivations for consuming cat-related content, including emotion regulation and procrastination.Additionally, it explored effects of Internet cat consumption on emotional states and enjoyment of this type of digital media.Results point to certain personality types being more strongly associated with Internet cat consumption.Furthermore, results support a conceptual model arguing that the happiness gained from viewing Internet cats can moderate the relationship between procrastination motives, guilt, and enjoyment. Anecdotes abound about the frequent use of the Internet to view cat-related media. Yet, research has yet to seriously address this popular culture phenomenon rooted largely in social media platforms. It is possible that viewing of online cat media improves mood, but this activity may also foster negative outcomes linked to using the Internet for procrastination. The present survey of Internet users (N=6795) explored the correlates of viewing "Internet cats," motivations for consuming this media, and its potential effects on users. It also tested a conceptual model predicting enjoyment as a function of the relationships between procrastination, guilt, and happiness. Results reveal significant relationships between viewing and personality types and demonstrate conceptual nuances related to the emotional benefits of watching Internet cats.
Physical mapping of the rice genome with BACs.

The development of genetics in this century has been catapulted forward by several milestones: rediscovery of Mendel's laws, determination of DNA as the genetic material, discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA and its implications for genetic behavior, and most recently, analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Each of these milestones has generated a huge wave of progress in genetics. Consequently, our understanding of organismal genetics now extends from phenotypes to their molecular genetic basis. It is now clear that the next wave of progress in genetics will hinge on genome molecular physical mapping, since a genome physical map will provide an invaluable, readily accessible system for many detailed genetic studies and isolation of many genes of economic or biological importance. Recent development of large-DNA fragment (>100 kb) manipulation and cloning technologies, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning, has provided the powerful tools needed to generate molecular physical maps for higher-organism genomes. This chapter will discuss (1) an ideal physical map of plant genome and its applications in plant genetic and biological studies, (2) reviews on physical mapping of the genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, and man, (3) large-insert DNA libraries: cosmid, YAC and BAC, and genome physical mapping, (4) physical mapping of the rice genome with BACs, and (5) perspectives on the physical mapping of the rice genome with BACs.
Sinonasal lymphoma: case series and review of the literature

Background Sinonasal lymphoma is a rare rhinologic entity. We present a case series and review the literature surrounding the diagnosis and management of this disease. Methods A pathology database spanning 22 years at a tertiary care center was searched for a diagnosis of lymphoma in the paranasal sinuses or the nasal cavity. Seventeen cases were identified, and retrospective chart review was performed. Results Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were affected more frequently (n = 8 patients each) than sphenoid and frontal sinuses (n = 5 patients each). Histologically, the most common type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (53%, 9 patients), followed by extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL, 21%, 3 patients). Presenting symptoms included nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea (53%, 9 patients) and diplopia (18%, 3 patients); and radiographic imaging demonstrated a discrete mass (59%, 10 patients), sinus opacification (53%, 9 patients), and/or bony erosion (35%, 6 patients). Treatment included chemotherapy alone (71%, 12 patients), chemotherapy and radiation (6%, 1 patient), and radiation alone (6%, 1 patient). The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 75% and 53%, respectively, whereas disease-free 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 70% and 49%, respectively. Conclusion Lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is extremely rare, may mimic benign processes, and may manifest either in an isolated fashion or in conjunction with systemic disease. B-cell lymphomas, a more favorable diagnosis, account for a majority of cases, whereas ENKL is associated with rapid disease progression and death. Chemotherapy and radiation are the main therapies. Histologic diagnosis is of paramount importance, and clinicians must remain cognizant of this entity to differentiate it from other sinonasal malignancies.
Seeking Synergies Between Four Views of Service in the IS Field

The term service appears in IS in contexts ranging from visible business activities performed for customers through invisible computerized responses to computerized requests deep within IT infrastructures. After distinguishing between rigorous definitions of service and treatment of service as an analytical lens, this paper presents a framework that distinguishes between four lenses for understanding and analyzing services and systems in the IS field. Each lens is directly applicable to many situations, and less applicable elsewhere. This paper summarizes each lens and identifies potential synergies between pairs of lenses. The synergies may help in using secondary lenses to support analyses guided by a primary lens. The range of lenses helps in understanding the range of meanings of service in IS.