cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluid-particle hydrodynamics in agitated vessels

A two dimensional model is proposed to predict mean radial and axial velocities for turbulently agitated fluids in baffled tanks with a turbine impeller. A particle dynamics model that simulates the movement of dipsersed phase particles in turbulent dispersion by a statistical Monte Carlo technique is coupled with this fluid dynamics model. The comparison of the flow directions, radial and axial velocity profiles, and the volumetric discharge capacities of the turbine impeller with the experimental data is favorable. On propose un modele a deux dimensions pour prevoir les vitesses moyennes, radiales et axiales, dans le cas de fluides agites avec turbulence dans des cuves a chicane au moyen d'un turbo-rotor. On a associe avec ledit modele pour la dynamique des fluides un modele pour la dynamique des particules, lequel simule le mouvement de particules en phase dispersee, dans des dispersions turbulentes, au moyen d'une methode statistique de Monte Carlo. On a obtenu une comparaison favorable avec les resultats experimentaux dans le cas des sens de l'ecoulement, des profils des vitesses radiales et axiales et des capacites de decharge volumetrique du turbo-rotor.
Amino acids defining the acyl pocket of an invertebrate cholinesterase

Amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) cholinesterase 2 (ChE2) hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine (AsCh) almost exclusively. We constructed a homology model of ChE2 on the basis of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and found that the acyl pocket of the enzyme resembles that of Drosophila melanogaster AChE, which is proposed to be comprised of Phe330 (Phe290 in T. californica AChE) and Phe440 (Val400), rather than Leu328 (Phe288) and Phe330 (Phe290), as in vertebrate AChE. In ChE2, the homologous amino acids are Phe312 (Phe290) and Phe422 (Val400). To determine if these amino acids define the acyl pocket of ChE2 and its substrate specificity, and to obtain information about the hydrophobic subsite, partially comprised of Tyr352 (Phe330) and Phe353 (Phe331), we performed site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro expression. The aliphatic substitution mutant F312I ChE2 hydrolyzes AsCh preferentially but also butyrylthiocholine (BsCh), and the change in substrate specificity is due primarily to an increase in k for BsCh; cat K and K are also altered. F422L and F422V produce enzymes that hydrolyze BsCh and AsCh equally due to an m ss increase in k for BsCh and a decrease in k for AsCh. Our data suggest that Phe312 and Phe422 define the acyl cat cat pocket. We also screened mutants for changes in sensitivity to various inhibitors. Y352A increases the sensitivity of ChE2 to the bulky inhibitor ethopropazine. Y352A decreases inhibition by BW284c51, consistent with its role as part of the choline-binding site. Aliphatic replacement mutations produce enzymes that are more sensitive to inhibition by iso-OMPA, presumably by increasing access to the active site serine. Y352A, F353A and F353V make ChE2 considerably more resistant to inhibition by eserine and neostigmine, suggesting that binding of these aromatic inhibitors is mediated by p–p or cation–p interactions at the hydrophobic site. Our results also provide information about the aromatic trapping of the active site histidine and the inactivation of ChE2 by sulfhydryl reagents. 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Characterization of Particles Synthesized by Aerosol Processes for Various Pb:Si Molar Feed Ratios

A detailed characterization was performed of the particles produced under various Pb:Si molar feed ratios in a flow reactor at a maximum temperature of 1000 °C. The silica particles formed in the high temperature region coagulated and only partially coalesced to form large agglomerate structures of high specific surface area. For a lead only feed, the resulting particles were hydrocerussite with small but detectable amounts of massicot. As the silica precursor was inlet in excess amounts (Pb:Si ≤ 1:12), the crystalline lead compounds disappeared and amorphous lead-silica complexes predominated. The particle morphology also changed from cylindrical, polygonal and spherical shapes to large agglomerate structures composed of several size modes of primary particles. At Pb:Si molar feed ratios of 1:12 and 1:29, the particles making up the chain-like agglomerate structure were primarily spherical with larger lead silicate spherical particles (≈ 0.5 μm) attached to the agglomerate. The lead was found to be distributed throughout the large agglomerate structures.
Measurement of lithium and sodium metastable quartet atoms in a hollow-cathode discharge.

We report the measurement, in a pulsed hollow-cathode discharge, of metastable quartet atoms of Li and Na. By using a tunable probe laser, population densities of 3 × 1010 atoms cm−3 and 1011 atoms cm−3 were measured in the Li(1s2s2p)4P° and Na(2p53s3p)4D7/2 levels, respectively. These levels are candidates for energy storage for extreme-ultraviolet lasers.
Counselor Preferences of Clients Entering a Counselor-Training Clinic

This research examined the expressed counselor preferences of individuals entering a community-based counselor-training clinic. Previous research examining the counselor preferences of individuals with and without disabilities has not used individuals who were actually entering counseling. Clients being screened for entry into a counselor-training clinic were asked whether they had a preference regarding counselor age, disability status, education, gender, and race. Of these characteristics, only for gender did even a moderate number of clients (30%) express a preference. The disability status of a counselor was a factor in client preferences for only 9.5% of all clients and only 15.4% of clients with disabilities. Research, education, and practice implications are discussed.
The relationship of pineal calcification to tardive dyskinesia.

(1990). The Relationship of Pineal Calcification to Tardive Dyskinesia. International Journal of Neuroscience: Vol. 52, No. 1-2, pp. 103-105.
On pseudo-suffixes in East Baltic

(1979). On pseudo-suffixes in East Baltic. Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 148-151.
A hydrogen-1, nitrogen-15, and chlorine-35 NMR coordination study of Lu(ClO4)3 and Lu(NO3)3 in aqueous solvent mixtures

A coordination study of Lu(III) has been carried out for the nitrate and perchlorate salts in aqueous mixtures of acetone-d6 and Freon-12 by1H,15N and35Cl NMR spectroscopy. At temperatures lower than −90°C, proton and ligand exchange are slow enough to permit the direct observation of1H resonance signals for coordinated and free water molecules, leading to an accurate measure of the Lu(III) hydration number. In perchlorate solution, in the absence of inner-shell ion-pairing, Lu(III) exhibits a maximum coordination number of six over the allowable concentration range of study, contrasting markedly with the report of values of six to nine or greater as determined by a similar NMR method. The absence of contact ion-pairing was confirmed by35Cl NMR chemical shift and linewidth measurements. Extensive ion-pairing was observed in the nitrate solutions as reflected by the lower Lu(III) hydration numbers of two to three in these systems, the observation of two coordinated water signals, and15N NMR signals for two complexes. The1H and15N NMR spectra and the hydration number could be accounted for by the presence of (H2O)4Lu(NO3)2+ and (H2O)2Lu(NO3) 2 1+ .
Formation of hydroxyapatite in water, Hank's solution, and serum at physiological temperature

The influence of de-ionized water, Hank's saline solution, and bovine calf serum on formation of stoichiometric (Ca/P = 1.67) hydroxyapatite (SHAp) at physiological temperature was studied. SHAp formed in aqueous solution by acid-base reaction of particulate Ca(H(2)PO(4))(2).H(2)O and Ca(4)(PO(4))(2)O. Hydroxyapatite formation is accompanied by an initial period of surface hydration of the precursors, an induction period, and a period during which the bulk of the conversion to hydroxyapatites occurs. The formation of SHAp occurred more rapidly in Hank's solution and distilled water than in serum. The formation of SHAp from these precursors is strongly inhibited by serum. There were two primary exothermal events associated with SHAp formation: initial heat evolution peak, which was associated with reactant dissolution, and the major heat evolution peak, which was associated with SHAp formation. The presence of the constitutents in serum depresses both. This is a result of serum macromolecules adsorbing onto the available surfaces regardless of whether they are reactants or products. Variations in heat evolution behavior, pH, and the times of disappearance of the reactants and appearance of SHAp correlate with one another.
HIV Vaccine Trial Exploits a Dual and Central Role for Innate Immunity

Limited understanding of correlates of protection from HIV transmission hinders development of an efficacious vaccine. D. J. M. Lewis and colleagues (J. Virol. 88:11648–11657, 2014, doi:10.1128/JVI.01621-14) now report that vaginal immunization with an HIVgp140 vaccine linked to the 70-kDa heat shock protein downregulated the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coreceptor CCR5 (chemokine [C-C motif] receptor 5) and increased expression of the HIV resistance factor APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3G), in women. These effects correlated with HIV suppression ex vivo. Thus, vaccine-induced innate responses not only facilitate adaptive immunity–they may prove to be critical for preventing HIV transmission.
A quantitative description of grain boundary kinetics for the cubic-lattice Ising model and its application

The capillary driving force and grain boundary mobility is numerically derived within a three-dimensional, cubic-lattice setting Ising model. The results explicitly account for the influences of Monte Carlo temperature and a single angle of inclination. The computed driving force and mobility are used to establish the parametric links with a deterministic continuum model that can be informed by experimental data. The calibrated Monte Carlo paradigm, thus endowed with physical time, length and energy scales, is validated and applied to study grain boundary motion for a set of mixed driving forces within a bi-crystal setting. Polycrystalline simulations are subsequently launched to capture texture evolution with bulk energy effect.
Some experiments on powdered PrNi5 in contact with liquid 3He

We Report on two sets of measurements on powdered PrNi5 in contact with liquid 3He: low-temperature magnetic susceptibility using SQUID magnetometer techniques, and also thermal relaxation and heat capacity measurements. In addition, a demagnetization experiment using the hyperfine enhanced nuclear cooling capability of PrNi5 to cool liquid 3He to 1.1 mK is described.
Effect of absence of cochlear outer hair cells on behavioural auditory threshold.

THE function of the two populations of sensory cells in the mammalian inner ear is not well understood. Anatomical evidence indicates that the inner hair cells (IHCs) and the outer hair cells (OHCs) play separate roles in the transduction of acoustic stimuli1. Furthermore, there have been numerous proposals attributing different roles to the two hair cell populations in the production of the various cochlear potentials2–5. On the other hand, theoretical considerations and the interpretation of data from several experiments have led to suggestions of different types of interaction between the OHCs and IHCs6–8.
Marantic Valvular Vegetations

Marantic valvular vegetations represent one form of vegetative nonbacterial endocarditis. While any of the cardiac valves may be involved, the mitral valve and/or aortic valve are the most common sites at which this process occurs. Underlying disease of a chronic nature is usually identifiable somewhere in the body, with malignant tumors collectively representing the most common underlying condition. Systemic arterial occlusion, usually multiple when present, may antedate the identification of an underlying malignant tumor. The gross nature of the vegetations requires histologic distinction from metastatic lesions of valves and from bacterial endocarditis. In some instances, the latter process may originate upon marantic vegetations.
Applications of wavepacket methodology

Wavepackets, coherent sums of quantum states, are now well understood both theoretically and experimentally in terms of their creation, evolution and detection. When mature enough, wavepacket methods might themselves be considered a ‘technology’. In this paper we address this conjecture and consider the application of wavepacket ideas and techniques to problems such as coherent control, lifetimes of Rydberg states and laser isotope separation. We suggest that wavepacket methods might be thought of more broadly as a potential tool to solve a variety of practical problems.
Further lessons from 9/11: does stress equal trauma?

A series of surveys now show a progressive decline in the prevalence of stress symptoms with the passage of time from the September the 11th attacks on the United States (see Stein et al. article in this issue but also Galea et al . 2002; North and Pfefferbaum 2002; Silver et al. 2002). Indeed, this is the first time that stress symptoms are studied nationwide, in concurrent studies, and by eminent epidemiologists. The general trend, across studies, reiterates what was previously seen in groups of direct victims, across traumatic events (e.g., Blanchard and Foa 1996; Rothbaum et al., 1993): Early PTSD symptoms are expressed by many, at the early aftermath of a traumatic event (e.g., 94% of rape victims), and these symptoms subside with time, leaving a significant minority with chronic stress disorders. The consistency of these findings raises several questions. First, can we effectively draw the line between what is normally expressed and what might predict chronic stress disorders? In the absence of unequivocal boundary, should the early reactions be treated or otherwise conceived under a medical/psychopathological model? Many media spectators seem to express high levels of early symptoms—but do these “indirect” victims recover better than those directly exposed? Can their experience be subsumed as trauma? Indeed, what makes some events particularly “contagious” via media broadcast while others are less so (e.g., a hurricane; famine in Africa)? Is it the relevance of the threat they convey, or is it their incongruous and shocking novelty? Another question concerns the effect of continuous terrorism. The 9/11 events were, fortunately, followed by two years without further terrorist attacks in the United States. The resulting literature therefore cannot teach us about a hypothetically sensitizing—or immunizing—effect of continuous terror. Would symptoms decline with time or increase with time? Could successfully surviving repeated trauma confer some form of immunity, as suggested by a rate of only 9% PTSD in the midst of the waves of terrorism in Israel (Bleich, Gelkopf, and Solomon 2003)? Studies of the aftermath of 9/11 may also be interpreted as depicting resilience. But what is resilience? Does this emerging construct have enough specificity to be productively researched and evaluated? Or would it lead to another multi-factorial solution with little practical relevance—as did its predecessor, the construct of coping? Could it be that Psychiatry 67(2) Summer 2004 174
Glutathione S-Transferase P Influences Redox and Migration Pathways in Bone Marrow

To interrogate why redox homeostasis and glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) are important in regulating bone marrow cell proliferation and migration, we isolated crude bone marrow, lineage negative and bone marrow derived-dendritic cells (BMDDCs) from both wild type (WT) and knockout (Gstp1/p2(-/-)) mice. Comparison of the two strains showed distinct thiol expression patterns. WT had higher baseline and reactive oxygen species-induced levels of S-glutathionylated proteins, some of which (sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase) regulate Ca(2+) fluxes and subsequently influence proliferation and migration. Redox status is also a crucial determinant in the regulation of the chemokine system. CXCL12 chemotactic response was stronger in WT cells, with commensurate alterations in plasma membrane polarization/permeability and intracellular calcium fluxes; activities of the downstream kinases, ERK and Akt were also higher in WT. In addition, expression levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its associated phosphatase, SHP-2, were higher in WT. Inhibition of CXCR4 or SHP2 decreased the extent of CXCL12-induced migration in WT BMDDCs. The differential surface densities of CXCR4, SHP-2 and inositol trisphosphate receptor in WT and Gstp1/p2(-/-) cells correlated with the differential CXCR4 functional activities, as measured by the extent of chemokine-induced directional migration and differences in intracellular signaling. These observed differences contribute to our understanding of how genetic ablation of GSTP causes different levels of myeloproliferation and migration [corrected]
Protein synthesis requirement for the formation of synaptic elements.

Abstract The formation of synapses in cell cultures of rat cerebellum was examined in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. First, cell survival in the presence of 25 μg/ml cycloheximide was determined by phase contrast microscopy, trypan blue exclusion, total protein and uptake of [ 3 H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Neurons with 24 h incubation in cycloheximide appeared normal with little cell death, but by 48 h incubation the first signs of cell death were found. Some viable neurons were still found in cultures incubated continuously in cycloheximide for 72 h. Normally, the number of synapses seen in cerebellar cultures with the electron microscope shows an increase during the first several weeks in culture. However, the number of synapses in cultures treated with cycloheximide decreased, indicating that inhibition of protein synthesis at least partially inhibited synaptogenesis. Cycloheximide also inhibited the maintenance of synapses already formed as seen by the decrease in the number of synapses from the time the cycloheximide was added. To determine the sensitivity of the forming presynaptic element to cycloheximide, the development of apparent presynaptic elements was investigated. In cultures treated with polylysine-coated sepharose beads, neurites grew and formed apparent presynaptic elements with the bead taking the position of the postsynaptic element. Cultures pretreated with cycloheximide for 1 h followed by 24 h incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads showed a normal number of apparent presynaptic elements. The first decrease in numbers was seen after 12 h preincubation and 12 h incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads. Even after 72 h continuous incubation some apparent presynaptic elements could be formed although at reduced levels. Results presented here suggest that continuous protein synthesis is not necessary for the formation of the presynaptic element, but that active protein synthesis is required for neurons to form and maintain postsynaptic elements.
Estimation Algorithms for Large-Scale Power Systems

The operation of large-scale power systems demands that the real-time monitoring, security, and control procedures can draw on a consistent and reliable set of data representing the measurements and the network parameters. This paper considers the enhancement of this data base through advanced estimation programs for the states and parameters of the network. The role of such programs and the different forms they can take are presented in a comprehensive and unified manner. This will assist the designer in the task of selection and development of a suitable algorithm for his system from a set of possible approaches.
Corrosion Damage Quantification of Prestressing Strands Using Acoustic Emission

AbstractSteel degradation due to corrosion in prestressed concrete bridges has been of major concern as it presents a threat to the integrity of structures adjacent to marine environments or where deicing salts are regularly used. To assess the potential for monitoring of the corrosion process, an accelerated corrosion testing program has been conducted. A series of specimens with dimensions 114×114×508 mm (4.5×4.5×20 in.) were subjected to constant potential application through the embedded steel strand while being continuously monitored with acoustic emission (AE). Depassivation of the strand was detected by monitoring the fluctuations in applied anodic current. Half-cell potential measurements assessed the probability of corrosion, and all results obtained were compared to acoustic emission data. The mass loss of the corroded strands was correlated to acoustic emission intensity analysis to quantify the degree of damage. Results show that acoustic emission is as sensitive as half-cell potential for d...
Studies on agenesis in the permanent dentition

Tooth dimensions in 104 males and females with agenesis of one or more permanent teeth, other than third molars, have been examined. The amounts of size reduction from normal in mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth diameters appear to be independent. Also some apparent differences from normal tooth size variability were noted. Interestingly, first molars and canines, both considered to be stable components of the dentition, showed significant variability in tooth size. In addition the incidence of individual tooth agenesis within this sample was noted and maxillary lateral incisor was most frequently absent in both sexes.
Uranium AVLIS vaporizer development

A uranium vaporization system has been developed to efficiently produce the large quantities of atomic uranium vapor that are required for an economic A VLIS process. The vapor produced is well collimated and electronically cold. Vapor is produced by high energy electrons which are magnetically steered to the melt surface. Contouring of magnetic fields helps to optimally format the primary electrons and to contain backscattered electrons. A highly compact electron beam system has been developed to facilitate modular packaging of vaporizer components. Electron beam system power will be provided by high power switching power supplies. These power supplies, which are nearing completion at LLNL, have high electrical efficiency and offer excellent protection against high-voltage arcdowns. Vapor density, composition, and quality are monitored by laser absorption spectroscopy. All laser and optical components are mounted outside the process chamber. The monitoring system is nonintrusive and is designed to survive long duration operation at high vaporization rates.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
ARL-unbiased control charts with alarm and warning lines for monitoring Weibull percentiles using the first-order statistic

This article discusses methodology for constructing control charts to monitor the percentiles of a Weibull process with known shape parameter. Periodic samples are censored at the smallest observed value. Charts with alarm and warning limits are studied, and these limits are derived using theoretical results based on the first-order statistic. The performance of the proposed charts is evaluated and compared using average run lengths. A numerical application concerning life tests of an electronic product is presented to illustrate the methods.
A method for analyzing the impact of interference on a wireless link with OFDM, AMC, HARQ, and a finite queue

We introduce a modulated interfering signal in the guard band of a wireless packet based (infrastructure) network. Wireless networks, such as LTE, utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer, hybrid auto-repeat-request (HARQ) at the data-link layer, and cross-layer optimization to increase performance. Both the target and interfering signals are subject to independent fading which is modelled by a Nakagami-m distribution. The performance of the target wireless system is measured at the finite queue in terms of throughput and average spectral efficiency (ASE).
Encapsulation and release of plasminogen activator from biodegradable magnetic microcarriers

There are a number of therapies available to recanalize occluded arteries. However, even though proven beneficial, these approaches are not without significant shortcomings. Previous research showed that by encapsulating therapeutic thrombolytic enzymes in liposomic formulations, the reperfusion times in vivo were significantly lower than for administration of free thrombolytic. Like liposomes, biodegradable, diblock polymers of poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) have been shown to have therapeutic benefit as delivery vehicles for a variety of drug delivery concepts. We report on new formulations based on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) encapsulated in magnetic, PLA-PEG microcarriers. We studied the tPA encapsulation efficiency, loading, and release after varying the molecular weight of polymer, carrier size, tPA solution composition, and use of ultrasound to enhance release. We loaded 3.3-9.4wt% tPA and 12-17wt% magnetite into the carriers, depending on the exact formulation. The release of tPA was complete 20min after reconstitution. Ultrasound insonation failed to enhance tPA release rates in smaller carriers but significantly enhanced release in larger carriers. With these formulations, we should be able to achieve lytic concentrations if we can magnetically concentrate 5mg of carrier within about 11ml of blood volume near the clot.
Conjugation of (E)-5-[2-(Methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl]cytidine to hydrophilic microspheres: development of a mobile microscale UV light actinometer.

(E)-5-[2-(Methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl]cytidine was biotinylated through a diisopropylsilylacetal linkage and attached to the surface of hydrophilic streptavidin-coated microspheres through the high-affinity noncovalent interaction between biotin and streptavidin. The functionalized microspheres form a stable suspension in water. Upon UV irradiation, the nonfluorescent (E)-5-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl]cytidine on the microspheres undergoes photocyclization to produce highly fluorescent 3-β-d-ribofuranosyl-2,7-dioxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine. The fluorescence intensity of the microspheres can be correlated to the particle-specific UV doses applied at different suspension concentrations. The microspheres allow one to measure the UV dose (fluence) distribution in high-throughput water disinfection systems.
Contestation versus Replacement: Republican Party Gains in Southern State Legislative Elections

This study tests two theories of how support for Republican candidates has increased in Southern state legislative elections between 1968 and 1988. The first, called the rising tide hypothesis, asks how much of the Republican gains were due to a growing number of Southern Republican voters and, therefore, to growing support for Republican candidates over Democratic incumbents in general elections. The second, the replacement hypothesis, theorizes that incumbent Democrats receive consistently minor competition during their careers, yet Republican open seat candidates do increasingly well after Democratic incumbents retire. The data consists of an ICPSR dataset of state legislative elections from 1968 to 1988 in Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas. The results show that while both dynamics are at work, the replacement effect is over three times larger than the rising tide effect.
Adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, andandrogen deprivation therapy for pathologic stage D1 adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Abstract Objectives. A retrospective analysis of the results of an aggressive multimodalapproach combining radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, or androgen deprivation therapy for patients with pathologic Stage D 1 prostate carcinoma was performed to assess the impact of these therapies on survival, recurrence, local control, and morbidity. Methods. Case records of 76 patients with pathologic Stage D1 tumors were reviewed.All had radical retropubic prostatectomy and were recommended adjuvant therapy based on the pathologic extent of the primary tumor and the number of involved lymph nodes. Results. With a median follow-up of 7 years, overall survival was estimated to be 88%and 66% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and equaled age- and race-matched controls. Prostate cancer-specific survival at 5 and 10 years was 88% and 74%, respectively. The probability of developing a clinically detectable recurrence (excluding prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) was 29% and 62% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. When PSA was added to the detection data, the probability of developing a recurrence increased to 58% and 78% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Recurrence and cause-specific survival correlated with Gleason sum. Llnivariate analysis of the adjuvant therapies demonstrated no effect on survival, but adjuvant radiation alone and in combination with androgen deprivation increased the time to recurrence. Local control was excellent, surgical morbidity was equivalent to that of all patients undergoing prostatectomy during the same time period, and the morbidity of adjuvant therapy was minimal. Conclusions. Survival equivalent to age- and race-matched controls, with excellent control of the extensive primary tumor, can be achieved in patients with Stage D l prostate carcinoma by a combination of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy without the need for routine androgen deprivation therapy.
Importance of Denitrification and Nitrate Reduction in Sediments to the Nitrogen Budgets of Lakes

DENITRIFICATION (biological conversion of nitrate and nitrite to nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen) and nitrate reduction (assimilation of nitrate–nitrogen in microbial protoplasm) in lake sediments can play an important role in the nitrogen budgets of lakes. The hydrology of many lakes is such that ground water seepage through the floor constitutes a significant source of water income1. In such cases, nitrate in the incoming ground water must be considered when a nitrogen budget is calculated for the lake system. An excellent example is the estimate for Lake Mendota, Wisconsin2, in which nitrate in seepage water constituted nearly 36% of the nitrogen added to the lake.
Some techniques for evaluating the bandwidth characteristics of adaptive nulling systems

Some techniques for evaluating the bandwidth characteristics of adaptive nulling systems are presented. The system performance is categorized according to its antenna characteristics and the post-antenna channel tracking characteristics. The former tend to be radio-frequency (RF) percentage bandwidth dependent and the latter on the achievable component tolerances used to implement the channel (whether at RF or some lower intermediate frequency (IF)). Measured results are also presented for a seven-beam paraboloid reflector-type multiple-beam antenna (MBA), and the effects of feed-reflector multipath inherent in this geometry on the cancellation bandwidth is evaluated in detail.
Production and presentation of digital movies.

222, 84-94 Over the past five years, photographic and video-tape documentation of microscopic data has gradually be- come outmoded and has been super- seded by digital image acquisition systems. There are many advantages of digital images over film or video. Acquisition is convenient and fast, and images can be duplicated without loss of information. Furthermore, digital images provide quantitative and pos- itional data maps of specimens, mak- ing them amenable to digital process- ing to enhance features of interest and extract information that is not readily apparent to the eye. With the advent of the digital-imaging age has come the problem of how to present digital movies in a video world. Televisions, monitors and projectors in the USA adhere to the National Televisions Systems Committee (NTSC) standard signal with 525 horizontal lines of resolution scanned at 30 times a second; most of Western Europe uses the phase-alternating line system (PAL) standard of 625 lines at 25 Hz, while in France and Eastern Europe 'Sequential Couleur ~ Memoire' (SECAM, sequen- tial colour with memory), which is similar in resolution to PAL, is standard video format. By contrast, modern computer displays typically offer res- olutions nearly twice as good as video (e.g. 1280) 150 Hz. In preparing for presentations at major scientific meetings, we were recently confronted with the task of presenting our time-lapse series of digi- tal fluorescence images of living cells using the audio visual (A/V) equipment available, without degrading the qual- ity of our data. We produced 20-min movies on super-video (S-VHS) tape, including timed text, graphics and movie clips. This article outlines the equipment requirements for this type of small-scale scientific digital movie production (see Table 1 ).
What Ever Happened to Developmental Gerstmann's Syndrome? Links to Other Pediatric, Genetic, and Neurodevelopmental Syndromes

Developmental Gerstmann's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder infrequently described in the literature. The limited literature might result from controversy surrounding developmental Gerstmann's syndrome as a "true syndrome." Developmental Gerstmann's syndrome requires a tetrad of symptoms: left-right confusion, finger agnosia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia, with constructional dyspraxia often included as a fifth symptom. The etiology of developmental Gerstmann's syndrome is unknown, but several hypotheses have been proposed, and none have been conclusively confirmed. Based on the paucity of recent research on developmental Gerstmann's syndrome, individuals who meet the criteria for the disorder could be given other diagnoses. A clustering of neuropsychologic features across other seemingly related disorders suggests that the conceptualization of the tetrad of symptoms traditionally associated with developmental Gerstmann's syndrome more appropriately reflects soft signs that are commonly associated with a number of other neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, although developmental Gerstmann's syndrome is of historical interest to neurodevelopmental specialists, there appears to be no basis for considering this disorder as a unique syndrome.
Fulminant Chemical Hepatitis Possibly Associated with Donepezil and Sertraline Therapy

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of fulminant hepatitis possibly related to concomitant donepezil and seratriline therapy. PATIENT AND SETTING: An 83-year-old woman treated in a dementia care facility and later in a tertiary medical center. INTERVENTION AND MANAGEMENT: Discontinuation of donepezil and sertraline therapy with subsequent improvement evidenced by liver biopsy and liver function tests. RESULTS: An older woman with Alzheimer's disease was admitted to a dementia care facility because of aggressive behavior. Treatment with sertraline was initiated in February 1998. Sertraline doses were increased gradually to 200 mg daily by May 1998, and some improvement in behavior was seen. Concomitant therapy with donepezil 5 mg qhs was initiated June 26, 1998. Ten days later, confusion and jaundice were noted. Total bilirubin was 5.6 mg/dL, GGTP was 1208 IU/L, and alkaline phosphatase was 369 IU/L. Computed tomography revealed cholelithiasis without ductal dilation. Liver, spleen, and pancreas seemed normal. Donepezil and sertraline were discontinued. The patient was admitted to our institution and treated for dehydration. A liver biopsy revealed scattered portal eosinophils and prominent cholestasis consistent with acute chemical hepatitis. The GGTP and total bilirubin of this patient peaked at 2235 IU/L and 22.6 mg/dL, respectively. The patient improved, and her liver function tests normalized over the next 2 months.
An algorithm for fitting data over a circle using tensor product splines

An algorithm is described for surface fitting over a circle by using tensor product splines which satisfy certain boundary conditions. This algorithm is an extension of an existing one for fitting data over a rectangle. The knots of the splines are chosen automatically but a single parameter must be specified to control the tradeoff between closeness of fit and smoothness of fit. The algorithm can easily be generalized for fitting data over any domain that can be described in polar coordinates. Constraints at the boundaries of this approximation domain can be imposed.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Methane in Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells at 150°C

IN April 19631 a high-performance direct hydrocarbon fuel cell was announced. The cells which were described contained platinum electrodes and a phosphoric acid electrolyte and were capable of oxidizing a variety of hydrocarbon fuels including methane, propane, n-octane, n-cetane, and purified practical hydrocarbon fuels. It is the purpose of the present communication to describe in greater detail the performance of such cells on methane.
A new bio-based nanocomposite: fibrillated TEMPO-oxidized celluloses in hydroxypropylcellulose matrix

Utilization of TEMPO-oxidized celluloses in bio-based nanocomposites is reported for the first time. TEMPO-oxidized wood pulps (net carboxylate content 1.1 mmol/g cellulose) were fibrillated to varying degrees using a high intensity ultrasonic processor. The degree of fibrillation was controlled by varying sonication time from 1 to 20 min. The sonication products were then characterized independently and as fillers (5 wt% loading) in hydroxypropyl cellulose nanocomposite films. Nanofibril yields ranging from 11 to 98 wt% (on fiber weight basis) were obtained over the range of sonication times used. Suspension viscosities increased initially with sonication time, peaked with gel-like behavior at 10 min of sonication and then decreased with further sonication. The thermal degradation temperature of unfibrillated oxidized pulps was only minimally affected (6 °C decrease) by the fibrillation process. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the nanocomposites revealed strong fibril-matrix interactions as evidenced by remarkable storage modulus retention at high temperatures and a suppression of matrix glass transition at “high” (~5 wt%) nanofibril loadings. Creep properties likewise exhibited significant (order of magnitude) suppression of matrix flow at high temperatures. It was also believed, based on morphologies of freeze-fracture surfaces that the nanocomposites may be characterized by high fracture toughness. Direct fracture testing will however be necessary to verify this suspicion.
Family decision-making for nursing home residents: legal mechanisms and ethical underpinnings.

Families frequently act as substitute decisionmakers for their older members who suffer from diminished mental capacity to make and express their own medical choices. Substitute decisionmaking takes on particular ethical and legal urgency within the nursing home environment, especially when choices concern potential medical treatment near the end of the nursing home resident's life. This article examines current legal mechanisms in the United States that enable a family to make substitute medical decisions, the ethical underpinnings of those mechanisms, and specific ethical and legal considerations implicated by their application to the nursing home setting. The article offers advice to nursing home professionals, including physicians, in working with families as substitute decisionmakers.
Matters of the Heart: Advancing Psychological Perspectives on Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death in men and women in the United States. Type A behavior research was a starting point for psychological science’s understanding of the deve...
Compactness of the product topology and the solvability of infinite systems of infinite linear equations

If every finite subsystem of an infinite system of linear equations (say, over the field of real numbers) each with finitely many unknowns has a solution then the entire system has a solution. The situation is not so if the equations contain infinitely many unknowns. In this case, as shown below, the solvability of every finite subsystem implies the solva. bility of the entire system provided finite subsystems have solution with common upper and lower bounds and the coefficients of ever equation satisfy some boundedness or convergence conditions. The passage from the solvability of finite subsystem to the solvability of the entire system is achieved based on Tychnoff’s theorem stating that any product of compact topological spaces is compact in their product topology.
A rapid assay for cholesterol side-chain desmolase and the quantitative determination of desmolase activity in adrenals.

Abstract Methods for reproducible extraction of soluble cholesterol side-chain desmolase from adrenal cortex and for rapid assay of this enzyme under optimal conditions are described. The desmolase activity of normal rat adrenal thus determined is 1.3±0.16 μmoles/hr/gm wet weight adrenal.
Effects of prior aging at 288°C in argon environment on time-dependent deformation behavior of a thermoset polymer at elevated temperature, Part 2: Modeling with viscoplasticity theory based on overstress†‡

The viscoplasticity based on overstress (VBO) is augmented to model the effects of prior isothermal aging in an argon environment on the inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer. VBO is a unified state variable theory with growth laws for three state variables: the equilibrium stress, the kinematic stress and the isotropic stress. A systematic model characterization procedure based on a limited number of well defined experiments is employed to determine the VBO parameters. Experimental findings presented in Part I reveal the equilibrium stress and the kinematic stress to be affected by prior aging. Based on the experimental results, the isotropic stress is developed as a function of prior aging time. In addition, several VBO model parameters are made dependent on prior aging time. Comparison with experimental data demonstrates that the modified VBO successfully predicts the inelastic deformation behavior of the PMR-15 polymer subjected to prior isothermal aging for up to 2000 h. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Practical infection control

Ambulatory surgery has increased in popularity in response to rising costs of inpatient hospital care. The technological developments in medicine, surgery, pharmacology and anaesthesia management also advanced ambulatory surgery. At present, 60– 70% of surgery in North America is performed on an ambulatory basis. The increasing number and complexity of operations being performed on an outpatient basis presents many unique challenges to the anaesthetists. The symposium on “Practical Issues in Outpatient Anaesthesia” was presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society in Ottawa, Ontario. The symposium was divided into three parts. The first part dealt with the management of postoperative pain and emesis in outpatients, the second part dealt with the practical infection control issues and the third part dealt with the practical discharge issues.
SU‐FF‐T‐58: A Simple Optimization Technique Useful for Dynamic Arc Radiosurgery Planning

Purpose: To demonstrate a simple but efficient optimization technique improving the conformity, uniformity, and tumor coverage for SRS plans with equally weighted dynamic conformal arcs. Material and method: Dynamical arc radiosurgery in Brainscan planning shapes the arcs every 10 degrees based on the limited 2D projection. Although desired shapes of arc segments can be automatically achieved through user‐defined margin around the target, the plan doesn't fully consider the 3D dose distribution information. The conformity with equally weighted arcs is far less optimal for highly irregular target. To improve it, a simple and efficient technique was developed to fine tune the plan. With initial isodose distribution in each slice, one hot and one cold dose regions were drawn as two new structures. The hot structure is where the prescribed isodose line is outside the PTV, and cold one for inside the PTV. Then on beams‐eye view of the individual arcs, simply opening the leave to the cold structure and closing the leave to hot structure modified the multileaf apertures. The procedure could be repeated until a satisfied plan was obtained. Result: Analyzed total nine cases. Average conformity index was increased by 10% and the hotspot volume was reduced by 15% after two iterations. For the highly irregular case, it can be 23% conformity enhancement and 36% hot dose decrease. The improvement for spherical shape target is not significant, 1.2% conformity increment and 2.6% hotspot reduction. Conclusion: Manual fine‐tune technique is useful for improvement of dose distribution conformity, tumor coverage and eliminated the hot spot for highly irregular targets. The plan time can be reduced with users' experiences. This technique is better using as a fine adjustment. The initial arc configuration such arc ranges, separation, and number should be considered first.
Unmasking of Retrograde Conduction by Isoproterenol in a Concealed Accessory Pathway

A 52-year-old female with no structural heart disease presented with a right bundle branch block (RBBB)/right axis deviation tachycardia with a cycle length of 300 msec. P waves were not discernible on the surface ECG. Baseline electrophysiology study in the drug-free state revealed no evidence for anterograde or retrograde conducting accessory pathways (APs) or for dual AV node physiology. Retrograde VA block with AV dissociation was present at a ventricular paced cycle length of 600 msec (sinus cycle length of 635-700 msec). AV nodal Wenckebach occurred during decremental atrial pacing at a cycle length of 300 msec. During isoproterenol administration, a left lateral AP with retrograde only conduction became manifest with 1:1 VA conduction to 380 msec. No anterograde AP conduction was present. Orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia with a cycle length of 285-315 msec was easily induced. We conclude that total functional conduction block can exist in APs, and unmasking of total conduction block can be accomplished with isoproterenol. All patients with undiagnosed tachycardias should have full repeat stimulation studies during adrenergic stimulation if the initial baseline evaluation is nondiagnostic.
QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL INFRARED AND RAMAN OPTICAL ACTIVITY SPECTRA

Infrared vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) have been measured and compared quantitatively over the frequency range from 835 to 1345 cm-1 for trans-pinane, cis-pinane, α-pinene, and β-pinene. For these molecules in this region of spectral overlap between VCD and ROA, the average ratio of VCD or ROA to its parent vibrational intensity favors ROA by a factor of two to three. Several vibrational modes in each molecule yield both large VCD and large ROA, while several other modes show little propensity toward significant VCD or ROA intensity. Beyond this general property of a few strongly chiral and strongly achiral vibrational modes, little additional correlation between VCD and ROA intensity is found. This quantitative compilation of VCD, infrared, ROA, and Raman intensities provides an experimental basis for computational intensity studies of VCD, ROA, and their theoretical comparison.
Postoperative pain management in patients undergoing major surgery after remifentanil vs fentanyl anesthesia

Purpose: To determine if morphine sulphate was an effective transition analgesic in patients receiving a remifentanil-based anesthetic regimen.