cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women, children and the family in the Late Aegean Bronze Age: Differences in Minoan and Mycenaean constructions of gender

Abstract This paper discusses how the relationship between women and children is portrayed and understood in the societies of the Mycenaean (Greek) mainland and Late Minoan Crete. Child rearing has been long assumed to be the primary social role of Aegean women. Yet the art of Late Minoan Crete reveals almost no interest in idealizing women as child‐nurturers. The women of Minoan iconography are almost uniformly depicted outside of domestic contexts. In contrast, Mycenaean imagery provides a systematic, iconographic reinforcement of women's task as child‐rearers and suggests a much greater level of investment on the part of Mycenaean society to envision women within the context of the home. Therefore, while the written records of both societies place women as child‐care givers in daily practice, their iconography suggests that the two cultures valued this role differently and did not invest equally in placing women primarily within the family structure.
CD72 LIGATION REGULATES DEFECTIVE NAIVE NEWBORN B CELL RESPONSES

The biological basis for reduced Ig production by naive newborn B cells compared to adult peripheral blood B cells is not fully understood. In a Con A + IL-2 T cell-dependent system using "competent" adult T cells, adult B cells produced large amounts of IgM, IgG, and IgA, while cord B cells were restricted to low levels of only IgM production. Cord B cell activation was also diminished. The contribution of specific B-T cell contact-mediated events to the diminished cord B cell response in this system, using mAbs to CD40, CD28, CD80, and CD72, were investigated, as well as regulation of B cell Ig production by cytokines. alphaCD72 ligation increased cord B cell activation and IgM production, but did not affect adult B cells. Blocking alphaCD40 mAb inhibited cord B cell Ig production completely, but only partly inhibited adult B cell Ig production even at high concentration, suggesting a greater sensitivity of cord B cells to disruption of the CD40-CD40L interaction. Addition of IL-10 did not increase cord B cell Ig production, while adult B cell Ig production was increased. However, combined addition of IL-10 and alphaCD72 significantly increased cord B cell Ig production over that in the presence of either alphaCD72 or IL-10 alone, but had no effect on adult B cells over that of IL-10 alone. These data suggest that the diminished T cell-dependent response of cord B cells is due to reduced or absent CD72 ligation. CD72 ligation plays an important role in the induction of primary responses by naive B cells. CD72 modulation of naive B cell sensitivity to IL-10 stimulation may have implications in the induction of class switch, which is deficient in newborn B cells. Since all T cells express CD5 constitutively, these data also suggest the existence of another ligand for CD72.
Conditioned reinforcement: The effects of variation of stimulus duration

Sixteen albino rats were trained with simultaneous presentation of light and food reinforcement. The duration of light was varied from 0.0 to 10.0 sec. Later ability to learn a new response, bar press, was used to test the strength of the conditioned stimulus. Bar presses produced light in varying durations according to a 4 by 4 factorial design. The results showed that the effect of simultaneous light-food pellet training was to strengthen the new response, but failed to lend any support to a discrimination hypothesis. Conclusions allowed some room for the facilitation hypothesis but favored the conditioned reinforcement concept.
Socio-medical challenges of asylum seekers prior and after coming to the US.

Refugee asylum seekers face complex social and medical challenges. We evaluated 30 consecutive asylees in New York for socio-demographic and health backgrounds, characteristics of torture, presentations and medico legal path. Results: Majority was male, young, educated from sub-Saharan Africa. In home countries, all had employment; 58 % had fair or good access to healthcare; 36 % used traditional medicine; and 14 % had insurance. In the US, social support and accommodations were provided by countrymen; overwhelmingly they were unemployed; none had insurance; and 57 % never had any contact with healthcare system. Sixty nine percent had PTSD and 69 % depression. Almost all had scars with significant sequelae. Eighty eight percent were granted asylum. Ironically, asylees had better access to social and health services in home countries than the US. We recommend better recognition of, and addressing asylees’ social and health needs through a multidisciplinary approach drawing on other countries’ experience, and expanding existent programs for refugees to cover asylees.
Increasing Utilization Of Bone Marrow Transplantation

Revue de l'augmentation importante, depuis 1970 notamment, du nombre des services realisant des greffes de moelle et du nombre de malades traites. Cette croissance va probablement se continuer, la greffe de moelle donnant de meilleurs resultats que d'autres traitements au cours d'hemopathies malignes, thalassemies ou autres affections. Interet des recherches concernant les donneurs non apparentes mais compatibles
Educators’ Opinions About Speech-Language Pathology Services in Schools

This study examined 628 educators’ opinions about the role and performance of school speech-language pathologists. Regular and special education teachers, elementary school principals, and school p...
Tunable third harmonic generation of trans-β-carotene

Abstract Third Harmonic Generation (THG) in trans-β-carotene/polystyrene films is reported for fundamental wavelengths ranging from 0.95 μm to 1.9 μm. The results are analyzed with a four electronic level model which includes vibrational sub-structure. Our analysis indicates that the complex third order susceptibility deduced from the THG Maker fringe is strongly dominated by the presence of a two-photon state (an A g state) located above the first one-photon allowed B u state. Our results show little evidence for the presence of the 2A g state located at lower energy than the 1B u state. Two-photon absorption at 1.13 μm and 0.77 μm confirms our THG results.
Laryngeal View During Laryngoscopy: A Randomized Trial Comparing Cricoid Pressure, Backward-Upward-Rightward Pressure, and Bimanual Laryngoscopy

Study objective External cricoid and thyroid cartilage manipulations are commonly taught to facilitate laryngeal view during intubation. We compare the laryngeal views during laryngoscopy with 4 manipulations (no manipulation, cricoid pressure, backward-upward-rightward pressure [BURP], and bimanual laryngoscopy) to determine the method that optimizes laryngeal view. Methods This was a randomized intervention study involving emergency physicians participating in airway training courses from December 2003 to November 2004. Direct laryngoscopies were performed with curved blades on fresh, non-fixed cadavers by using each of the 4 methods. The percentage of glottic opening (POGO), a validated scoring scale, was recorded for each laryngoscopy. Scores for bimanual laryngoscopy were recorded before the assistant applied external pressure. Results A total of 1,530 sets of comparative laryngoscopies were performed by 104 participants. One thousand one hundred eighteen of 1,530 sets (73%) had POGO scores less than 100 with no manipulation. Compared to no manipulation, mean POGO scores with bimanual laryngoscopy improved by 25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 23 to 27); mean POGO score improvement with cricoid pressure and BURP were 5 (95% CI 3 to 8) and 4 (95% CI 1 to 7), respectively. POGO scores with bimanual laryngoscopy were higher compared to cricoid pressure (mean difference 20, 95% CI 17 to 22) and BURP (mean difference 21, 95% CI 19 to 24). Among laryngoscopies with no manipulation in which the POGO score greater than 0 (n=1,434), laryngeal view worsened in 60 cases (4%, 95% CI 3% to 5%) with bimanual laryngoscopy, in 409 cases (29%, 95% CI 26% to 31%) with cricoid pressure, and in 504 cases (35%, 95% CI 33% to 38%) with BURP. Conclusion Using a cadaver model, we found pressing on the neck during curved blade laryngoscopy greatly affects laryngeal view. Overall, bimanual laryngoscopy improved the view compared to cricoid pressure, BURP, and no manipulation. Cricoid pressure and BURP frequently worsen laryngoscopy. These data suggest bimanual laryngoscopy should be considered when teaching emergency airway management.
Real-Time Hydraulic and Hydrodynamic Model of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River System

The Huron-Erie Corridor serves as a major waterway in the Great Lakes and is the connecting channel between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. The system consists of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and the Detroit River, and serves as a recreational waterway, source of drinking water for Detroit and surrounding cities, as well as the only shipping channel to Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. This paper describes a three-dimensional unsteady model of the combined system and its application to real-time predictions of physical conditions over the corridor. The hydrodynamic model produces nowcasts eight times per day and 48 h forecasts twice a day. Comparisons between model simulations and observed values show average differences of 3 cm for water levels and 12 cm/s for along-channel currents in the St. Clair River (compared to mean current values of 1.7 m/s) for the period of September 2007 to August 2008. Simulations reveal a spatially and temporally variable circulation in Lake St. Clair as well as significant changes in flow rate and distribution through the St. Clair Delta not accounted for in previous models.
Prosodic rules for schwa-deletion in hindi text-to-speech synthesis

Consonants in written Hindi often carry annotations indicating the nature of the following vowel, which is not written separately. When there is no explicit marking, schwa is the default vowel, but this vowel does not always emerge in a word’s pronunciation. In addition, morphological boundaries can block the deletion of inherent schwas. Previous implementations of schwa deletion in the domain of text-to-speech synthesis (Narasimhan et al., International Journal of Speech Technology, 7(4):319–333, 2004; Choudhury and Basu, Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge-Based Computer Systems, 343–353, 2002) delete schwa in phonetic environments that obey the phonotactic constraints of Hindi within word boundaries. Instead of using segmental contexts, in conjunction with a morphological analysis, to predict schwa deletion, we used an account of syllable structure and stress assignment for two- and three-syllable words (Beckman and Pierrehumbert, forthcoming) to predict the presence and absence of schwa in a corpus of phonetically transcribed Hindi. Our algorithm scored as high as 95% accuracy on the deletion of schwa from a small corpus of Hindi words.
Lightweight visualizations for inspecting code smells

In this paper we present an approach for using lightweight visualizations to inspect bad coding patterns. We demonstrate how our Visual Studio plugin assists developers in finding relevant methods to inspect.
Empirical many-body interatomic potential for bcc transition metals

Ce potentiel est une extension empirique de la methode de l'atome enrobe. Il inclut une contribution des termes a n corps au dechirement elastique du cristal. Il implique un traitement simplifie de l'angle inherent de la liaison covalente dans les metaux de transition
Island precipitation enhancement and the diurnal cycle in radiative-convective equilibrium

To understand why tropical islands are rainier than nearby ocean areas, we explore how a highly idealized island, which differs from the surrounding ocean only in heat capacity, might respond to the diurnal cycle and influence the tropical climate, especially the spatial distribution of rainfall and the thermal structure of the troposphere. We perform simulations of three-dimensional radiative-convective equilibrium with the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) cloud-system-resolving model, with interactive surface temperature, where a highly idealized, low heat capacity circular island is embedded in a slab-ocean domain. The calculated precipitation rate over the island can be more than double the domain average value, with island rainfall occurring primarily in an intense, regular thunderstorm system that forms in the afternoon to early evening each day. Island size affects the magnitude of simulated island rainfall enhancement, the intensity of the convection, and the timing of the rainfall maximum relative to solar noon. A combination of dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms leads to a monotonic enhancement of domain-averaged tropospheric temperature with increasing fraction of island surface, which may contribute to localization of ascent over the Maritime Continent and its relationship to the Walker Circulation.
Comparing static and statistical multiplexing in DVB-H

DVB-H, the standard for mobile TV from the DVB standards family has been validated during the last years by several international projects that have proved the possibilities, maturity and also limits of this technology. One of the most important features to choose when setting up a DVB-H network is whether to use static or statistical multiplexing. This work compares both strategies showing advantages and disadvantages in each scenario. Finally, this work concludes with a numerical comparison in terms of capacity when using static or statistical multiplexing.
Empiricism and normative ethics: What do the biology and the psychology of morality have to do with ethics?

What do the biology and psychology of morality have to do with normative ethics? Our answer is, a great deal. We argue that normative ethics is an ongoing, ever-evolving research program in what is best conceived as human ecology.
Spatial orientation and navigation in microgravity

This chapter summarizes the spatial disorientation problems and navigation difficulties described by astronauts and cosmonauts, and relates them to research findings on orientation and navigation in humans and animals. Spacecraft crew are uniquely free to float in any relative orientation with respect to the cabin, and experience no vestibular and haptic cues that directly indicate the direction of “down”. They frequently traverse areas with inconsistently aligned visual vertical cues. As a result, most experience “Visual Reorientation Illusions” (VRIs) where the spacecraft floors, walls and ceiling surfaces exchange subjective identities. The illusion apparently results from a sudden reorientation of the observer’s allocentric reference frame. Normally this frame realigns to local interior surfaces, but in some cases it can jump to the Earth beyond, as with “Inversion Illusions” and EVA height vertigo. These perceptual illusions make it difficult for crew to maintain a veridical perception of orientation and place within the spacecraft, make them more reliant upon landmark and route strategies for 3D navigation, and can trigger space motion sickness. This chapter distinguishes VRIs and Inversion Illusions, based on firsthand descriptions from Vostok, Apollo, Skylab, Mir, Shuttle and International Space Station crew. Theories on human “gravireceptor” and “idiotropic” biases, visual “frame” and “polarity” cues, top-down processing effects on object orientation perception, mental rotation and “direction vertigo” are discussed and related to animal experiments on limbic head direction and place cell responses. It is argued that the exchange in perceived surface identity characteristic of human VRIs is caused by a reorientation of the unseen allocentric navigation plane used by CNS mechanisms coding place and direction, as evidenced in the animal models. Human VRI susceptibility continues even on long flights, perhaps because our orientation and navigation mechanisms evolved to principally support 2D navigation.
College Students' Attitudes and Beliefs about the Consequences of Smoking: Development and Normative Scores of a New Scale

Purpose To develop an instrument that could be used to assist young adults to determine their perceived consequences about cigarette smoking. The new instrument consisted of 27 items measuring attitudes about smoking selected from the literature and evaluated by experts. Data Sources The instrument was administered to a convenience sample of 172 undergraduate college students. Psychometric assessment using an exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors (subscales) that explained 48.1% of the variance. These were labeled attitudes and beliefs about smoking related to emotional benefits, health hazards, self-confidence, and body image. Conclusions Statistically significant differences between mean scores of smokers and nonsmokers were found on attitudes and beliefs about the benefits of smoking related to emotional benefits, self-con-fidence, and body image; smokers' answers indicated that they perceived these as positive consequences of their smoking behavior. Implications for Practice The newly constructed instrument may be a useful assessment of college students' reasons for smoking. This approach offers new hope for successful cessation counseling and for smoking prevention programs. Currently anti-smoking methods emphasize the health hazards of cigarette smoking and have not been sufficient in reducing the rate of smoking in the young adult population. Some young people may use smoking as a strategy for dealing with stressful situations, weight control, and lack of self-confidence. Thus, smoking cessation programs should also include strategies to use in place of smoking during periods when stress and lack of self-confidence are high.
Left Ventricular Mechanical Synchrony and Global Systolic Function in Pediatric Patients Late after Ventricular Septal Defect Patch Closure: A Three‐dimensional Echocardiographic Study

Background. Patients with large ventricular septal defects (VSDs) undergo surgical patch closure during infancy. The long-term effects of the presence of akinetic patch in the ventricular septum and postoperative right bundle branch block (RBBB) on the left ventricular (LV) mechanical synchrony and global systolic function have not been studied. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of an akinetic VSD patch and RBBB on the LV mechanical synchrony and global systolic function in pediatric patients more than 5 years after surgery. Methods. Eighteen asymptomatic VSD repair and 18 normal control patients were evaluated by an electrocardiogram and three-dimensional echocardiography. Left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDVs) and volumetric ejection fraction (EF) were calculated. Left ventricular intraventricular synchrony was assessed by the 16-segment volumetric dyssynchrony index. Results. Eight of 18 (44%) patients in the VSD repair group had RBBB. The LVEDV and volumetric EF were similar in the VSD repair and control groups. The LV dyssynchrony index was not significantly different between the VSD repair and control groups (2.46 ± 1.77% vs. 1.75 ± 1.08%, P = .16). The VSD repair group was then divided into two subgroups: patients with RBBB (8/18) and those without RBBB (10/18). The two subgroups were similar in demographics, LVEDV, and volumetric EF. However, the RBBB subgroup demonstrated significant LV mechanical dyssynchrony compared with the non-RBBB VSD subgroup (2.70 ± 1.08% vs. 1.15 ± 0.35%, P = .006). Conclusions. Pediatric patients 5–10 years after VSD patch closure have a normal LV function. The presence of the RBBB causes some mechanical dyssynchrony and tendency toward LV dilatation in this group of patients. Therefore, long-term follow-up of these patients is warranted.
Use of single sample clearance estimates of cytochrome P450 substrates to characterize human hepatic CYP status in vivo

1. Single sample clearance estimates (CL/F) of orally administered ethosuximide were obtained in four groups of healthy adult subjects. One group was treated with phenobarbital to induce CYP2B/2C and CYP3A activity; one group was treated with rifampin to induce CYP3A activity; one group consisted of cigarette smokers (increased CYP1A activity), and one group was untreated (controls). Ethosuximide CL/F values were slightly, though not significantly, increased among cigarette smokers (12.5% increase) and the phenobarbital group (25% increase), but rifampin treatment resulted in a significant increase (65%). 2. The influence of rifampin treatment on the single sample oral clearances of antipyrine, theophylline, phenytoin, carbamazepine, ethosuximide, quinidine, valproic acid, and lorazepam was investigated to determine whether rifampin induces only CYP3A. Rifampin treatment significantly increased the oral clearance of each drug from 1.4-fold (valproic acid) to 3.4-fold (quinidine). These findings indicate that the inductive effect of rifampin extends well beyond CYP3A.
Environmental intervention reduces mouse allergen levels in homes of boston inner-city children with asthma

Abstract Rationale Recent studies have suggested that mouse allergen exposure and sensitization are common in urban children with asthma. The effectiveness of environmental intervention in reducing mouse allergen exposure has not been established. Our goal was to evaluate whether environmental intervention of mouse extermination and cleaning results in a reduction in mouse allergen levels and whether this intervention has any effect on lung function and asthma morbidity. Methods Eighteen homes of children with positive mouse allergen skin tests and at least mild persistent asthma in urban Boston with evidence of mouse infestation/exposure were randomized in a 2:1 ratio (12 intervention to 6 control homes). The intervention homes received an integrated pest management strategy, which consisted of filling holes with copper mesh, vacuuming and cleaning, and low toxicity pesticides and traps. Dust samples were collected and analyzed for major mouse allergen (Mus m 1) and cockroach allergen (Bla g 1) at baseline and 1, 3, and 5 months after the intervention was started and compared to control homes. Results Mouse allergen levels were significantly decreased compared to control by the end of the intervention period at month 5 in the kitchen and bedroom (kitchen intervention 78.8% reduction: control 319% increase, P =0.025; bedroom intervention 77.3% reduction: control 358% increase, P =0.006; and living room intervention 67.6% reduction: control 32% reduction, P =0.07). There was no significant change in lung function or asthma morbidity from baseline. Conclusions Mouse allergen levels were significantly reduced over a 5 month period using an integrated pest management intervention.
Development of activity patterns, social interactions, and exploratory behavior in infant tufted capuchins (Cebus apella)

Early organization of activity states was studied in 17 tufted capuchin (Cebus apella) infants from birth to 11 weeks of age. Development of exploration and interactions with mothers and other group members were studied in 14 of these infants up to the age of 1 year. Activity profiles changed from 3 to 8 weeks as infants began to move off mothers and explore their environments. From 2 to 6 months time with mothers decreased; time alone increased correspondingly. Time spent with other group members did not vary significantly over the first year. By 7-9 months capuchin infants spent more time alone or with other group members than with mothers, although weaning was still not completed by the end of the first year. Simple environmental exploration began in the 2nd month and reached stable levels by 4 months. Complex manipulation of food and objects first began at 3-4 months and increased to stable levels in the second half of the first year. Some preliminary differences were evident between infants living in indoor cages and those living in indoor/ outdoor runs. Infants in cages spent less time in dorsal contact with mothers, and less time in social play and proximity to other animals than those in runs. Instead, infants in cages spent more time alone and engaged in more manipulation of food. Some measures of social and exploratory behavior showed a high degree of variability which may be useful in exploring individual differences in infant temperament or reactivity. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Symptom evaluation in palliative medicine: patient report vs systematic assessment

This study examined symptoms reported by patients after open-ended questioning vs those systematically assessed using a 48-question survey. Consecutive patients referred to the palliative medicine program at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation were screened. Open-ended questions were asked initially followed by a 48-item investigator-developed symptom checklist. Each symptom was rated for severity as mild, moderate, or severe. Symptom distress was also evaluated. Data were collected using standardized pre-printed forms. Two hundred and sixty-five patients were examined and 200 were eligible for assessment. Of those assessed, the median age was 65 years (range 17–90), and median ECOG performance status was 2 (range 1–4). A total of 2,397 symptoms were identified, 322 volunteered and 2,075 by systematic assessment. The median number of volunteered symptoms was one (range zero to six). Eighty-three percent of volunteered symptoms were moderate or severe and 17% mild. Ninety-one percent were distressing. Fatigue was the most common symptom identified by systematic assessment but pain was volunteered most often. The median number of symptoms found using systematic assessment was ten (0–25). Fifty-two percent were rated moderate or severe and 48% mild. Fifty-three percent were distressing. In total, 69% of 522 severe symptoms and 79% of 1,393 distressing symptoms were not volunteered. Certain symptoms were more likely to be volunteered; this was unaffected by age, gender, or race. The median number of symptoms found using systematic assessment was tenfold higher (p<0.001) than those volunteered. Specific detailed symptom inquiry is essential for optimal palliation in advanced disease.
Structure, Dynamics, and Membrane Topology of Stannin: A Mediator of Neuronal Cell Apoptosis Induced by Trimethyltin Chloride

Organotin compounds or alkyltins are ubiquitous environmental toxins that have been implicated in cellular death. Unlike other xenobiotic compounds, such as organomercurials and organoleads, alkyltins activate apoptotic cascades at low concentrations. Trimethyltin (TMT) chloride is amongst the most toxic organotin compounds, and is known to selectively inflict injury to specific regions of the brain. Stannin (SNN), an 88-residue mitochondrial membrane protein, has been identified as the specific marker for neuronal cell apoptosis induced by TMT intoxication. This high specificity of TMT makes SNN an ideal model system for understanding the mechanism of organotin neurotoxicity at a molecular level. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of SNN in detergent micelles, and its topological orientation in lipid bilayers as determined by solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. We found that SNN is a monotopic membrane protein composed of three domains: a single transmembrane helix (residues 10–33) that transverses the lipid bilayer at approximately a 20° angle with respect to the membrane normal; a 28 residue unstructured linker, which includes a conserved CXC metal-binding motif and a putative 14-3-3ζ binding domain; and a distorted cytoplasmic helix (residues 61–79) that is partially absorbed into the plane of the lipid bilayer with a tilt angle of approximately 80° from the membrane normal. The structure and architecture of SNN within the lipid environment provides insight about how this protein transmits toxic insults caused by TMT across the membrane.
The Effects of Cure Temperature and Time on the Bulk Fracture Properties of a Structural Adhesive

Abstract The effects of cure time and temperature as well as cool-down rate on the adhesive tensile properties, yield stress ([sgrave]y) and elastic modulus (E), were determined experimentally. Commercially available, solid film Metlbond 1113 (with carrier cloth) and 1113-2 (without carrier cloth) adhesives were used as model adhesives. The experimentally determined tensile properties were used to calculate theoretically the critical stain energy release rate (GIC) based on the radius of the crack tip deformation zone reported by Bascom. The calculated GIC values were then compared with the measured values which are available in the literature. The comparison revealed good agreement between the calculated and measured GIC values.
Social determinants and osteoarthritis outcomes

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most frequently occurring musculoskeletal diseases, posing a significant public health problem due to its impact on pain and disability. Traditional risk factors fail to account for all of the risk observed for OA outcomes. In recent years, our view of disease causation has broadened to include health risks that are created by an individual’s socioeconomic circumstances. Early research into social determinants has focused on social position and explored factors related to the individual such as education, income and occupation. Results from these investigations suggest that low education attainment and nonprofessional occupation are associated with poorer arthritis outcomes. More recently, research has expanded to examine how one’s neighborhood socioeconomic environment may be relevant to OA outcomes. This narrative review proposes a framework to help guide our understanding of how social context may interact with pathophysiological processes and individual-level variable...
Conduction of thermal energy in the neighborhood of the Earth's bow shock

The Rankine-Hugoniot equations for MHD shocks are generalized by the addition of a term to the energy conservation equation representing a nonzero heat flow in the plasma in the neighborhood of the shock. This generalization is found to be compatible with the assumption of infinite electrical conductivity. The effects of plasma waves in this treatment are of the order of the reciprocal Alfvenic Mach number squared and hence are neglected. The effect of alpha particles in the solar wind is discussed. Seven crossings of the earth's bow shock by Explorer 35 in lunar orbit are analyzed. Sufficient data are available so that the determination of a dimensionless parameter, psi, characterizing the heat-flow difference across the bow shock is possible. The values of psi indicate energy-flux densities due to heat flow which are a nonnegligible fraction of the total energy flux. Two possible interpretations of psi are discussed.
The New Science of Wise Psychological Interventions

Citizens complete a survey the day before a major election; a change in the survey items’ grammatical structure increases turnout by 11 percentage points. People answer a single question; their romantic relationships improve over several weeks. At-risk students complete a 1-hour reading-and-writing exercise; their grades rise and their health improves for the next 3 years. Each statement may sound outlandish—more science fiction than science. Yet each represents the results of a recent study in psychological science (respectively, Bryan, Walton, Rogers, & Dweck, 2011; Marigold, Holmes, & Ross, 2007, 2010; Walton & Cohen, 2011). These studies have shown, more than one might have thought, that specific psychological processes contribute to major social problems. These processes act as levers in complex systems that give rise to social problems. Precise interventions that alter them—what I call “wise interventions”—can produce significant benefits and do so over time. What are wise interventions? How do they work? And how can they help solve social problems?
Difficulty with surgical site identification: What role does it play in dermatology?

Background The potential for wrong-site surgery is a growing concern in dermatology. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of difficulty with surgical site identification and possible confounding factors. Methods This was a prospective study on 333 Mohs cases performed between April 1, 2009, and February 9, 2010. Data collection forms were used on the day of surgery to record the difficulty associated with surgical site identification and potential confounding factors. Results Of the 333 patients evaluated, 9% were unable to identify their surgical sites. The majority of cases (88.5%) were located on the head and neck. When comparing patients who were able to identify their site and those who were not, there was a statistically significant difference ( P = .035) in the percentage of lesions residing in a location visible to the patient. Those who were able to see their biopsy sites were 3.5 times more likely to identify their surgical site. Of the 47.6% of patients with chart notes, only 5% of these cases were photographs and 23% had high-quality diagrams. Although a delay in treatment of greater than 3 months from the original biopsy site was higher among those with difficulty in identifying their surgical site, this was not found to be statistically significant. Limitations We believe our sample size was not large enough to show a significant link between difficulty with surgical site identification and several likely confounding factors. Conclusion We have shown that at least 9% of patients presenting for Mohs micrographic surgery are unable to confidently identify their surgical sites.
Quantitative Analysis of the Acute and Long-Term CD4+ T-Cell Response to a Persistent Gammaherpesvirus

The murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) replicates in respiratory epithelial cells, where it establishes a persistent, latent infection limited predominantly to B lymphocytes. The virus-specific CD4(+) T-cell response in C57BL/6 mice challenged intranasally with MHV-68 is detected first in the mediastinal lymph nodes and then in the cervical lymph nodes and the spleen. The numbers of MHV-68-specific CD4(+) T cells generated in congenic mice homozygous for disruption of the beta2-microglobulin gene tended to be higher, indicating that the absence of the CD8(+) set in this group resulted in a compensatory response. The peak frequency within the splenic CD4(+) T-cell population may reach 1:50 in the acute response; it then drops to 1:400 to 1:500 within 4 months and stays at that level in the very long term. Sorting for L-selectin (CD62L) expression established that all virus-specific CD4(+) T cells were initially CD62Llow, with >80% maintaining that phenotype for the next 14 months. The overall conclusion is that MHV-68-specific CD4(+) T cells remain activated (CD62Llow) and at a stable frequency in the face of persistent infection.
Distributed optimal resource allocation for fading relay broadcast channels

Resource allocation for a fading orthogonal relay broadcast channel model is investigated, where the source broadcasts to two users using a time-division (TD) scheme in one channel, and the two users transmit relay signals to each other in another orthogonal channel. The channel bandwidth resource is assumed to be allocated equally for broadcast and relay transmissions. Separate power constraints are assumed at the source and the two users. The fading state information is assumed to be known at both the transmitter and receiver of each link, and hence the source and the two users can allocate their power adaptively according to the instantaneous channel state information in a distributed manner. For a fixed allocation of time (for TD broadcast) and power, an achievable rate region based on the relays using the decode-forward scheme for this model is derived. The resource (time and power) allocation is then optimized to maximize each boundary point of this rate region.
A Publication Profile Of Accounting Faculty

The authors surveyed the faculty teaching in AACSB-accredited accounting programs and examined how their publication rates varied by years-after-completing-dissertation, professorial rank, major research area, type of degree-granting institution, and gender. Using standard statistical methods, the authors found that only “years-after-completing-dissertation” and “gender” were statistically significant, but care must be exercised in interpreting these results.
Integrating Object Oriented Technology and Security in Medical Database Systems

The application of object oriented (OO) technology in the health care sector is of particular interest today, both because of the nature of the field and its social and financial importance. Database security in particular plays an important role in the overall security of medical information systems since not only involves fundamental ethical principles (e.g. privacy and confidentiality), but also essential prerequisites for effective medical care. The development of appropriate secure medical database design and implementation methodologies is therefore an important research problem and a necessary prerequisite for the successful development of such systems. Object oriented techniques can play a decisive role in developing better security systems in this area. There are however a number of problems related to the nature and complexity of the applications and the ill-defined structures involved that have to be addressed first in order to successfully integrate OO technology and security in medical database systems. Some of the potential and limitations of integrating OO technology and security in medical database systems and the European approach to this problem are discussed in this paper and a number of specific implementations are briefly described.
Outcomes of early palliative care referrals for patients with advanced lung cancer.

9625 Background: Despite previous studies showing benefits of early referral to palliative care in improving quality cancer care, late referral and under-utilization are major concerns. The aim of ...
Hemoglobin J-Oxford: effects on hemoglobin and erythrocyte function.

Hemoglobin JOxford (α215 gly→asp β2A) was found to constitute 20 per cent of the hemoglobin in eight members of an Italian-American family. In the heterozygous state, no clinical stigmata referable to the variant Hb were found. Erythrocyte morphology and survival were normal. No evidence of Hb instability was found. Oxygen-affinity studies of whole blood, whole hemolysates and isolated Hb JOxford were normal. A brief review of the literature on J hemoglobins is included.
Predictions of Convective Heat Transfer Rates using a Cartesian Grid Solver for Hypersonic Flows

This paper documents the ability of an unstructured, Cartesian grid based formulation to model hypersonic, viscous flows. This is investigated in the solution adaptive solver NASCART-GT, which uses an immersed boundary ghost cell methodology to establish surface boundary conditions. Comparisons of surface pressure, skin friction and convective heating rate predictions for hypersonic argon flow past a cylinder are made. Correlation between the accuracy of these predictions and surface cell size is emphasized. The solver’s prediction capability is verified for a series of hypersonic Mach numbers for flows past a hemisphere, and compared with experimental data and empirical estimates. Finally, viscous, reacting flow prediction capability of this solver is evaluated by comparing translational and vibrational temperature contours and stagnation point heating rate in a thermochemical nonequilibrium environment with solutions from a body-fitted, structured grid solver. These comparisons demonstrate the ability of the immersed boundary ghost cell method to predict viscous, hypersonic flows. Whereas major flow features compare very well with references, heating rate predictions were found to have very stringent requirements in terms of surface cell sizes, and compare well only when the thermal boundary layer is resolved adequately.
Food quality and foraging efficiency

1. Throughout the breeding season of hummingbirds in southeastern Arizona flowers provide hummingbirds with nectar equivalent to sucrose concentrations of 0.24–2.10 M, and nectar from most flowers is composed only of sucrose, glucose, and/or fructose. 2. When fed sucrose solutions of 0.5–2.0 M hummingbirds are at least 97–99% efficient in assimilating sugars. 3. The efficiency with which hummingbirds can extract nectar from flowers will depend on the size of the bird species, nectar concentration in flowers, and factors influencing rate of nectar intake. 4. Although species with low assimilation efficiencies (poor quality diets) may achieve sufficient foraging efficiencies by processing large quantities of food at low caloric cost, a high assimilation efficiency from a high quality food may be important for hummingbirds which employ an energetically costly foraging strategy.
Innovations—Biotechnology: Baculovirus Vectors as Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells: Biosafety Considerations

The Innovations section illuminates new and emerging technologies, methodologies, products, etc., that have applicability to the needs and interests of the ABSA membership. These may include rapid laboratory or field diagnostics, innovative research vectors, or perhaps new and unique clinical or environmental monitoring or measurement instruments. I will advise readers of the latest technical and biotechnical innovations impacting the field of biosafety. I welcome feedback or suggestionsfor future topics. Please e-mail them to tak4306@gskcom or to the Editor, Ira F. Salkin, at irasalkin@aol.com.
37 NEW ORLEANS SENIORS ON POLYPHARMACY: THE IMPACT OF INTERVENTION ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND COST OF MEDICATIONS.

Purpose According to published reports, approximately 50% of New Orleans seniors consume five or more medications on a long term basis (polypharmacy). Furthermore, polypharmacy increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and contributes to the high cost of medications. The goal of this pilot study was to apply an intervention strategy designed to stop inappropriate medication use and to evaluate its impact on the risk of ADRs and the cost of medications. Methods Nine patients, 66-83 years of age, who met the definition of polypharmacy were evaluated. Patients with HIV, malignancy, transplanted organs, and advanced CHF were excluded. We used a medication appropriate index to stop inappropriate medications with the approval of the primary care physician. The ADRs, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and monthly cost of medications were recorded before and after intervention. Results The mean number of medications was 13.5 medications daily before and was decreased to 7.3 medications daily after intervention. The mean cost of medications decreased from $352 dollars monthly before intervention to $128 dollars monthly after intervention (p Conclusion The seniors on polypharmacy can be benefited by stopping inappropriate medications, resulting in decreased ADRs and reduced cost of medications.
Acquired and congenital cysts of the lung in infants and children.

Radiolucent shadows in the lung during infancy are usually caused by one of four conditions: (1) pneumatocele following staphylococcic pneumonia, (2) congenital lung cysts, (3) lobar emphysema or (4) congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Most important for accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis is a good x-ray picture.
Further Issues in Acquisition Theory

In this final chapter we would like to briefly review that we consider to be the main empirical results of this study. Additionally, we wish to consider certain substantive issues which arise within the particular approach to grammatical development we have adopted, in particular, the relationship between grammatical development and the theory of markedness and the issue of instantaneous vs. non-instantaneous acquisition.
Influence of basal androgen levels in euandrogenic women on glucose homeostasis

Objective To evaluate possible relationships between insulin action and the normal variations of serum androgens in euandrogenic women. Design Prospective evaluation of insulin action in normal nonobese women using hyperglycemic and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp techniques, correlating insulin action to serum testosterone (T), free T, androstenedione (A), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Statistical analysis used Spearman's rank correlation. Setting Yale University Clinical Research Center. Participants Nonobese females with normal oral glucose tolerance tests, on no medications known to affect glucose metabolism, having the following range of serum androgen levels: T, 0.69 to 3.12nmol/L; free T, 0.17 to 1.25nmol/L; A, 2.48 to 11.31nmol/L; DHEAS, 0.68 to 10.61 μ mol/L. Total number of patients studied: hyperglycemic clamps, n=58; euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps, n=43. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Pancreatic insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia and insulin action as assessed by insulin-mediated glucose utilization using the euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Results We identified no significant correlation between serum androgens and either glucose uptake or insulin-mediated glucose utilization. Glucose-stimulated insulin release was negatively correlated with serum T and free T throughout the normal range of these hormones. Conclusion We conclude that, within the normal range, variations of serum androgens are not correlated with changes in the response to insulin. It seems unlikely, therefore, that modest increases of serum androgens within the normal range are responsible for inducing insulin resistance.
Extending Experiential Learning: Blending Theory with Practical Applications

In keeping with the spirit of the above quote, my teaching philosophy centers on student engagement, experiential learning, and interactive methodologies as means to facilitate overall learning. I also blend theory with practice, along with incorporating the latest cutting-edge research findings. These broad teaching philosophies have shaped my approach in the courses that I have taught so far (Sensory Marketing, Brand Management, Basic Marketing, Marketing Research, Marketing Management, Global Marketing, and Digital Marketing, among others).
Imaging Strategies for Studying Mammalian Oogenesis

Advances in biomedical imaging are now impacting the evaluation of gonads and gametes in experimental animal model systems and human clinical specimens. This chapter summarizes the rationale for both live cell and fixed sample imaging using light microscopy. Useful protocols, detailed methods, and tools for data extraction are covered for a variety of applications pertaining to the analysis of oocytes, embryos, and intact ovarian tissue.
Thoracic Vascular Injuries: Operative Management in “Enemy” Territory

One of the features that distinguish a great surgeon from a good surgeon is the ability to remain calm under pressure, strongly direct a team of providers and stay focused on the mission at hand. Thoracic vascular injuries can make for good theater and subsequent tall tales when there is a successful outcome, but nowhere is it more critical to be in the “great surgeon” mindset than with the management of these unforgiving injuries. “Control” is the operative term. Despite the divergence of Vascular and General Surgery in the civilian sector, every combat Trauma Surgeon needs to have the basic vascular surgery knowledge and skillset to manage these injuries. Consultation with a Vascular Surgeon or transfer may not be an option.
Discovery and biological characterization of potent myeloid cell leukemia-1 inhibitors.

Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that when overexpressed is associated with high tumor grade, poor survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Mcl-1 is amplified in many human cancers, and knockdown of Mcl-1 using RNAi can lead to apoptosis. Thus, Mcl-1 is a promising cancer target. Here, we describe the discovery of picomolar Mcl-1 inhibitors that cause caspase activation, mitochondrial depolarization, and selective growth inhibition. These compounds represent valuable tools to study the role of Mcl-1 in cancer and serve as useful starting points for the discovery of clinically useful Mcl-1 inhibitors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.