cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deformation of Single Crystalline Mn3Sn

Single crystalline Mn3Sn was chosen as a model material for a study of the deformation machanism of DO19 ordered alloys. Single crystals were grown by the Bridgman method in an argon atmosphere. Compression test specimens of six different orientations were cut from the bulk single crystals by electric discharge machining and polished for slip trace analysis. Compression tests were carried out in an Instron testing machine at a strain rate of 1.2 X 10−3 s−1 at temperatures ranging from 77 OK to 1180 oK. Tests at temperatures above 400 oK were performed in an argon atmosphere while those of lower temperatures were performed in air. Preliminary results were obtained and analyzed in order to determine the temperature and orientation dependence of the operating slip systems and the yield stress. Basal slip was observed to be the dominant slip mechanism. Slip lines were observed on specimen surfaces compressed at low temperatures but such observations were difficult on specimens deformed at temperatures above 1000 OK due to surface contamination. An anomalous positive temperature dependence of the critical resolved shear stress for basal slip was found, similar to that reported for octahedral slip in many intermetallic compounds with the Ll2 structure.
Application Study on Butacene in HTPB High Burning Rate Propellant

The catalytic efficiency and migratory performance of Butacene in HTPB high burning rate propellant were studied.The results show that the process properties of Butancene-containing formulations are excellent and its burning rate is 3~4 mm/s higher than Catocene-containing formulations under the same content of Fe,so its catalytic efficiency is better than that of Catocene.The Fe content of Butacene-containing formulations hardly changed during storage period and the maximun change of the burning rate is only 6.24%,so the Butacene-containing formulations are obviously superior to Catocene-containing formulations in migratory performance.The Butacene can be used in HTPB high burning rate propellant formulations as an efficient non-migratory burning rate catalyst.
An Elated Eye: Scandinavian Perspectives

In A History of Reading, Alberto Manguel draws our attention to an (apparently) obvious fact: "Books declare themselves through their titles, their authors, their places in a catalogue or on a bookshelf, the illustrations on their jackets." He announces with gusto, "I judge a book by its cover; I judge a book by its shape" (125). Indeed, the cover of Blissful Bewilderment is intriguing and elicits an immediate flash of recognition from a reader of Pynchon. A warm, deep-sepia background identifiable as a segment of an old map of North America sets off a cold, bluish-gray iris, part of which is a clock face. The clockwork eye subtly emphasizes the connection between the book, whose editors and nearly all its contributors are Scandinavians, and a Scandinavian motif in Pynchon's oeuvre. After all, the last trace of V.'s clockwork artificial eye leads Stencil to Stockholm. On the other hand, the cover image of the eye may well be seen as the reader's guide to the tenor of the essays collected in Blissful Bewilderment.
Treatment of Interest on Debtor Obligations in Reorganizations under the Bankruptcy Code

Does interest run on unsecured interest-bearing obligations of the debtor after the filing of a petition for reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code? This question carries a lot of historical baggage. The pre-Code statute did not address it for either secured or unsecured obligations. The courts developed one rule for liquidations and another for reorganizations. They established early that in an ordinary bankruptcy liquidation no interest would run after the filing of the petition,2 except that interest at the applicable legal rate would be credited if something of value were left after the allowed principal claims of all creditors had been satisfied in full.3 Extrapolating from these rules, the courts later determined that postpetition interest would be allowed at the contract rate in reorganizations in two situations: (1) on secured claims, so long as the value of the collateral covered the enlarged sum, and (2) on unsecured claims,
Vivencias (Lived Experiences) of a Feminist Chicana as Praxis

First person accounts, testimonios, of simple every day moments in life matter (Delgado Bernal et al., 2012). These lived realities are what create our experiences, which in turn, shape our multiple and layered hybrid identity/ies (Anzaldua, 1987, 2002).
Anti-lubricin monoclonal antibodies created using lubricin-knockout mice immunodetect lubricin in several species and in patients with healthy and diseased joints.

Lubricin, encoded by the gene PRG4, is the principal lubricant in articulating joints. We immunized mice genetically deficient for lubricin (Prg4-/-) with purified human lubricin, and generated several mAbs. We determined each mAb’s binding epitope, sensitivity, and specificity using biologic samples and recombinant lubricin sub-domains, and we also developed a competition ELISA assay to measure lubricin in synovial fluid and blood. We found the mAbs all recognized epitopes containing O-linked oligosaccharides conjugated to the peptide motif KEPAPTTT. By western blot, the mAbs detected lubricin in 1 μl of synovial fluid from several animal species, including human. The mAbs were specific for lubricin since they did not cross-react with other synovial fluid constituents from patients with camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome (CACP), who genetically lack this protein. The competition ELISA detected lubricin in blood samples from healthy individuals but not from patients with CACP, indicating blood can be used in a diagnostic test for patients suspected of having CACP. Lubricin epitopes in blood do not represent degradation fragments from synovial fluid. Therefore, although blood lubricin levels did not differentiate patients with inflammatory joint disease from healthy controls, epitope-specific anti-lubricin mAbs could be useful for monitoring disease activity in synovial fluid.
Structural effects of chirally mutated Enkephalin neurotransmitters: An argument for biological homochirality

Abstract In living organisms all peptides and proteins used endogenously are homochiral. However, heterochiral peptides, formed by post-translational modifications in some species, are used exclusively exogenously. These puzzling facts, accomplished at significant metabolic cost, are investigated here. A systematic study of the effect of chiral substitutions on structure and non-covalent interactions afforded by Ala(2)-Leu-Enkephalins by a combination of mass spectrometry/ion mobility spectrometry and techniques of computational chemistry is reported. The data show that chiral substitutions of amino acid residues have drastic consequences for peptide structure and their interactions as gauged by self- and cross assembly. Our data suggest that an organism based on homochiral polymers has a much higher evolvability than an organism based on heterochiral polymers.
Kirner’s deformity of the fifth finger: a case report

Kirner’s deformity is a rare bony deformity that is characterized by radial and volar curvature of the distal phalanx of the fifth finger. Affected patients usually present after the age of 5 years, with girls more affected than boys and bilateral involvement more common than unilateral. We report a case of an eight-year-old girl who presented with progressive deformity of the right little finger. Radiographic evaluation revealed volar and radial curvature of the distal phalanx of the right fifth digit. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) further revealed the deformity along with widening of the physeal plate, lack of soft tissue enhancement and normal insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon. The patient was followed conservatively for two years and is now being considered for corrective osteotomy. Kirner’s deformity is a rare abnormality of unknown etiology. Diagnosis is made with clinical examination and imaging evaluation. Clinicians should be aware of this uncommon deformity and differentiate it from other mimickers such as infection, physeal fracture, camptodactyly, and clinodactyly.
Comparison of trace elements in size-fractionated particles in two communities with contrasting socioeconomic status in Houston, TX.

Levels of ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), are often higher in low-socioeconomic status (SES) communities than in high-SES communities. Houston is the fourth largest city in the USA and is home to a large petrochemical industry, an active port, and congested roadways, which represent significant emission sources of air pollution in the region. To compare levels of air pollution between a low-SES and a high-SES community, we simultaneously collected a 7-day integrated size-fractionated PM between June 2013 and November 2013. We analyzed PM mass and elements for three particle size modes: quasi-ultrafine particles (quasi-UFP) (aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm). Concentrations of vanadium, nickel, manganese, and iron in the quasi-UFP mode were significantly higher in the low-SES community than in the high-SES community. In the accumulation and coarse modes, concentrations of crustal elements and barium were also significantly higher in the low-SES community compared to the high-SES community. These findings suggest that people living in the low-SES community may experience higher exposures to some toxic elements as compared to people in the high-SES community.
Clinical outcomes research in gynecologic oncology

Clinical outcomes research seeks to understand the real-world manifestations of clinical care. In particular, outcomes research seeks to reveal the effects of pharmaceutical, procedural, and structural aspects of healthcare on patient outcomes, including mortality, disease control, toxicity, cost, and quality of life. Although outcomes research can utilize interventional study designs, insightful use of observational data is a defining feature of this field. Many questions in gynecologic oncology are not amenable to investigation in randomized clinical trials due to cost, feasibility, or ethical concerns. When a randomized trial is not practical or has not yet been conducted, well-designed observational studies have the potential to provide the best available evidence about the effects of clinical care. Such studies may use surveys, medical records, disease registries, and a variety of administrative data sources. Even when a randomized trial has been conducted, observational studies can be used to estimate the real-world effect of an intervention, which may differ from the results obtained in the controlled setting of a clinical trial. This article reviews the goals, methodologies, data sources, and limitations of clinical outcomes research, with a focus on gynecologic oncology.
Review: Most obesity treatment methods are ineffective over the long term

Source Citation Douketis JD, Feightner JW, Attia J, Feldman WF, with the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Periodic health examination, 1999 update: 1. Detection, prevention and treatm...
The Politics of Buying, Boycotting, Complaining, and Disputing: An Extension of the Research Program by Jung, Garbarino, Briley, and Wynhausen

Research in political psychology indicates that liberals are less motivated than conservatives by epistemic, existential, and relational needs to reduce uncertainty, threat, and social discord, and are therefore more prone to challenge the status quo. In a compelling extension of this work into the field of consumer behavior, Jung, Garbarino, Briley, and Wynhausen (this issue) demonstrate that people residing in more liberal (vs. conservative) areas register more complaints with the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and dispute more resolutions offered in response to their complaints. Furthermore, liberals were found to object more strongly to the hypothetical imposition of an unanticipated banking fee, and this effect was mediated by system justification. Inspired by Jung and colleagues, we investigated the hypothesis that liberals would also be more likely to buy and boycott consumer products for political reasons. We analyzed data from the American National Election Studies and European Social Surveys and discovered that, even after we adjusted for demographic factors, liberals in the United States and leftists in all 15 European countries were more likely than conservatives and rightists to report having bought a product—or refrained from buying a product—for political reasons.
The Role of Cultural Factors on Dating Aggression and Delinquency Among Latino Youth.

There is limited research comparatively evaluating delinquency and dating aggression among Latino youth. This analysis examines the rates and cultural correlates associated with delinquency and dat...
Fatiguing contractions increase protein S-glutathionylation occupancy in mouse skeletal muscle.

Protein S-glutathionylation is an important reversible post-translational modification implicated in redox signaling. Oxidative modifications to protein thiols can alter the activity of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, and the function of contractile proteins. However, the extent to which muscle contraction induces oxidative modifications in redox sensitive thiols is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the targets of S-glutathionylation redox signaling following fatiguing contractions. Anesthetized adult male CB6F1 (BALB/cBy × C57BL/6) mice were subjected to acute fatiguing contractions for 15 min using in vivo stimulations. The right (stimulated) and left (unstimulated) gastrocnemius muscleswere collected 60 min after the last stimulation and processed for redox proteomics assay of S-glutathionylation. Using selective reduction with a glutaredoxin enzyme cocktail and resin-assisted enrichment technique, we quantified the levels of site-specific protein S-glutathionylation at rest and following fatiguing contractions. Redox proteomics revealed over 2200 sites of S-glutathionylation modifications, of which 1290 were significantly increased after fatiguing contractions. Muscle contraction leads to the greatest increase in S-glutathionylation in the mitochondria (1.03%) and the smallest increase in the nucleus (0.47%). Regulatory cysteines were significantly S-glutathionylated on mitochondrial complex I and II, GAPDH, MDH1, ACO2, and mitochondrial complex V among others. Similarly, S-glutathionylation of RYR1, SERCA1, titin, and troponin I2 are known to regulate muscle contractility and were significantly S-glutathionylated after just 15 min of fatiguing contractions. The largest fold changes (> 1.6) in the S-glutathionylated proteome after fatigue occurred on signaling proteins such as 14-3-3 protein gamma and MAP2K4, as well as proteins like SERCA1, and NDUV2 of mitochondrial complex I, at previously unknown glutathionylation sites. These findings highlight the important role of redox control over muscle physiology, metabolism, and the exercise adaptive response. This study lays the groundwork for future investigation into the altered exercise adaptation associated with chronic conditions, such as sarcopenia.
Assessing Suicidality with the Hispanic Adult

Suicide is the 12th leading cause of death among Hispanics. As the Hispanic population in the United States continues to increase, it is essential to identify and implement effective assessment strategies in order to decrease the risk of suicide in this population. Yet, suicidal Hispanic adults present a challenge to clinicians. With factors such as low rates of treatment engagement, unique immigration experiences, and acculturation processes overwhelmingly affecting Hispanic clients, accurate assessment of suicide risk proves difficult. Limited Spanish language assessment measures further contribute to the problem. This chapter will present a number of important issues that should be considered in order to conduct an effective suicide assessment with this population, as well as the major Spanish language suicide assessment measures.
Androgen Deficiency in the Adolescent Male

Puberty in the adolescent male is a period of physical, mental, and psychological growth. Puberty commences in the male adolescent at approximately ages 9–14 years. There are some young males that experience delayed puberty and may benefit from androgen replacement therapy. Androgen deficiency in the adolescent is rare and may be transient or permanent. Transient delayed puberty is referred to as constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) and is characterized by slow growth rate and delay in the tempo of puberty. Permanent hypogonadism may be hard to differentiate from CDGP, but it is caused by an abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis where the end result is androgen deficiency and delayed puberty. The goals of androgen replacement therapy in the adolescent male should be to promote the following: linear growth, secondary sexual characteristics, accrual of adequate bone mineral content, and acquisition of normal muscle mass. The use of testosterone has been shown to be effective and safe in adolescents in promoting puberty with physical as well as psychological benefit. The most commonly used form of testosterone in adolescents is testosterone enanthate or cypionate and is administered IM. Side effects are rare and most adolescents with transient delayed puberty will be able to wean off of testosterone replacement, while those with permanent hypogonadism need to be treated for life.
Three paradigms in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder

There are three different approaches in the pharmacological treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the published data. The most frequently implemented approach is to treat patients suffering from the diagnosis of PTSD. Both short-term acute and long-term relapse prevention treatments represent a curative paradigm: with an intention to diminish the symptoms associated with the disorder. Data about efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of PTSD are heterogeneous. Data are relatively consistent with regards of efficacy of SSRIs in the treatment of civilian, predominantly female population, regardless of the type of trauma: interpersonal or non-interpersonal trauma. Placebo controlled trial data in the treatment of combat-related PTSD are inconclusive or negative. Three recently published studies provide new approaches to the treatment of male patients, suffering from combat-related PTSD. A relatively young, recently traumatized male, combat-related population showed significant improvement for fluoxetine compared to placebo. An adjuvant 5HT2 antagonist profile may improve the SSRI effect in the treatment of PTSD: nefazodone was significantly superior compared to placebo in the treatment of combat-related PTSD, and risperidone treatment add-on to antidepressants showed significant benefits compared to antidepressant monotherapy in the treatment of combat-related PTSD. The goal of sedative paradigm is to minimize the immediate consequences of the traumatic stress, decrease the fear, anxiety and sleeplessness. Data published about benzodiazepines failed to show effectiveness in the acute management of post-traumatic mental consequences. The intention of the third treatment paradigm is characterized by the secondary prevention of PTSD. Benzodiazepines administered shortly after the traumatic event, failed to prevent the mental consequences of traumatic stress. Two small trials with propranolol administration after the trauma have been shown some benefits compared to placebo or no treatment. PTSD represents a complex disregulation of numerous neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, therefore the complex pharmacological treatment has to consider approaches beyond the current treatment regimens characterized by modulation of monoamine neurotransmission.
Regulating Cybercrime through Law Enforcement and Industry Mechanisms

Cybercrimes, or offenses enabled by technology, affect computer systems and people and prove difficult to pursue through traditional criminal justice strategies due to jurisdictional challenges and...
Critical Practice Study of Nursing Evaluated by Teachers.

Purpose: Competent nursing care is essential to positive patient outcomes and quality patient care. Graduate nurses begin practice as novices in knowledge and experience often entering an environment where patients have several disease processes complicating their care. A strong foundation of educational competencies prior to entering practice is vital for the development and growth of graduate nurses into the role of RN. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of the Nurse Competence Scale among nursing faculty.Method: Nursing faculty were surveyed to determine which competencies were a priority in nursing practice. The Nurse Competence Scale was used to identify and categorize nurse competences. Brenner’s novice to expert theoretical framework was used to apply findings to curricular programs. IRB approval was granted from each educational institution. SPSS statistical analysis was used to analyze survey results.Results: Among the categories of the Nurse Competence Scale, nursing faculty identified Acting appropriately in life-threatening situations in the Managing Situations section as most important to practice. In the category of Helping, Planning patient care according to individual needs was identified as most important. Additionally the nursing faculty surveyed rated Contributing to further development of multidisciplinary clinical paths in the Therapeutic Interventions category as the lowest.Conclusion: This study contributes to the discussion on nursing competence. Priorities for nursing faculty aligned with register nurses in practice. This study helps pair nursing education with practice in several ways including aligning current practice with education. Nurse Educators may use these findings to help join curricular outcomes with practice. Evaluating each item on the Nurse Competence Scale using the critical to practice scale provides insight to the necessary skills and knowledge needed to be competent in nursing. In addition the results may be compared to current practice guidelines to ensure best practice. Further research linking education and practice using nursing competence is needed.
Three-Dimensional Brain–Computer Interface Control Through Simultaneous Overt Spatial Attentional and Motor Imagery Tasks

Objective: While noninvasive electroenceph-alography (EEG) based brain-computer interfacing (BCI) has been successfully demonstrated in two-dimensional (2-D) control tasks, little work has been published regarding its extension to practical three-dimensional (3-D) control. Methods: In this study, we developed a new BCI approach for 3-D control by combining a novel form of endogenous visuospatial attentional modulation, defined as overt spatial attention (OSA), and motor imagery (MI). Results: OSA modulation was shown to provide comparable control to conventional MI modulation in both 1-D and 2-D tasks. Furthermore, this paper provides evidence for the functional independence of traditional MI and OSA, as well as an investigation into the simultaneous use of both. Using this newly proposed BCI paradigm, 16 participants successfully completed a 3-D eight-target control task. Nine of these subjects further demonstrated robust 3-D control in a 12-target task, significantly outperforming the information transfer rate achieved in the 1-D and 2-D control tasks (29.7 ± 1.6 b/min). Conclusion: These results strongly support the hypothesis that noninvasive EEG-based BCI can provide robust 3-D control through endogenous neural modulation in broader populations with limited training. Significance: Through the combination of the two strategies (MI and OSA), a substantial portion of the recruited subjects were capable of robustly controlling a virtual cursor in 3-D space. The proposed novel approach could broaden the dimensionality of BCI control and shorten the training time.
Spinal Cord Injury in Rats Dysregulates Diurnal Rhythms of Fecal Output and Liver Metabolic Indicators

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) dysregulates metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic homeostasis is optimized across the day by the circadian system. Despite the prevalence of metabolic pathologies afte...
Who is hurt by dollar-euro volatility in the euro zone?

Abstract Exchange rate volatility is said to have negative or positive effects on trade flows, depending on the degree of traders' risk aversion. However, due to changes in their expectations, the effects of exchange rate volatility on trade flows could be asymmetric. We add to this new asymmetry literature by investigating the impact of dollar-euro volatility on the U.S. trade flows with each of the 12 original members of the euro zone in order to identify members that are hurt by volatility. We find that trade flows of the U.S. with all members are affected by volatility asymmetrically in the short run. The short-run asymmetric effects last into long-run asymmetric effects in U.S. exports to nine of the 12 members and in U.S. imports from two members. Additional analysis revealed that increased exchange rate volatility will boost U.S. exports to Greece and U.S. imports from Austria and Portugal. On the other hand, decreased volatility will hurt U.S. exports to Greece and boost its exports to Italy, the Netherlands, and Portugal while having no long-run impact on U.S. imports from any partner.
Targeting the androgen receptor as a novel therapeutic strategy for high-grade gliomas by suppressing glioma cancer stem cells.

e13504Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and most common type of primary brain malignancies with median overall survival being only 20.9 months. The incidence of GBM is 50% great...
A Hybrid Load Balance Method Using Evolutionary Computing

Nginx is a commonly used and free open-source web server that is used as a reverse proxy server, load balancer and HTTP cache. It consumes less memory and can handle more clients with less number of processes. Nginx provides users with five predefined load balancing algorithms. However, most of these algorithms are static and some of the load balancing rules are inefficient. In order to make the load of a cluster more stable under high concurrent requests, we developed a Dynamic Load Balancing (DLB) algorithm that uses Nginx as a network security control panel to provide load balancing for a cluster of backend servers. The DLB algorithm is based on the weighted round robin module of Nginx, Logistic Regression and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) algorithm. It handles the situation of high concurrent requests and reduces the probability of omitted or under-reported incident and status. We also propose a Hybrid Load Balance Method (HLBM) that incorporates the DLB algorithm and evolutionary computing to further improve the performance. We have conducted limited experiment by using dynamic load balancing algorithm. We will complete to develop the Hybrid Load Balance method and conduct experiments for HLBM.
On Physical and Spiritual Recovery: Reconsidering the Role of Patients in Early American Restitution Narratives.

This essay provides a literary history of the restitution narrative in colonial New England; using Cotton Mather's The Angel of Bethesda (1724), I argue that Puritan medical texts employ theological and medical epistemologies to enable patient agency. In these texts, individuals must be involved in reforming the sinful behaviors that they believed caused their conditions, and must also engage in a form of public health by sharing their stories so that others may avoid future sins—and therefore illnesses. Ultimately, recognizing how restitution has been historically defined allows for alternate understandings of recovery that place patients at the center.
Prevalence of suicide ideation, planning and attempts among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participants in the United States.

ABSTRACT Background Suicide represents a substantial public health problem in the U.S. Programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—which provides services for U.S. adults who are food insecure—could be an appropriate venue for suicide prevention strategies targeting high-risk individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study used multiple logistic regression to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for suicide ideation, planning and attempt among those who participated in SNAP vs. nonparticipants. The National Survey of Drug Use and Health provided a representative sample of U.S. adults for 2012–2018 (n = 288,730). Results SNAP participants were more likely than nonparticipants to have serious suicidal thoughts (crude OR=1.89; 95% CI=1.79–1.99), to have a plan for suicide (crude OR=2.35; 95% CI=2.16–2.56) or to attempt suicide (crude OR=2.89; 95% CI=2.54–3.29). Associations remained for those aged Limitations SNAP was assessed at the household level; thus, those who reported suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors may not personally interact with SNAP. Conclusion Using a large, nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults, this study documented greater prevalence of suicide-related outcomes among those who participate in SNAP. Suicide prevention among SNAP participants may provide a unique means to reach individuals who are often hard to engage in other health services.
Robotic minimally invasive esophagectomy provides superior surgical resection.

Robotic minimally invasive esophagectomy (RMIE) and “traditional” minimally invasive esophagectomy techniques (tMIE) have reported superior outcomes relative to open techniques. Differences in the outcomes of these two approaches have not been examined. We hypothesized that short-term outcomes of RMIE would be superior to tMIE. The National Cancer Database was used to analyze outcomes of patients undergoing RMIE and tMIE from 2010 to 2016. Patients with clinical metastatic disease were excluded. Trends in the number of procedures performed with each approach were described using linear regression testing. Primary outcome of interest was 90-day mortality rate. Secondary outcomes of interest were positive surgical margin rate, number of lymph nodes (LN) removed, adequate lymphadenectomy (> 15 LNs), length of hospitalization (LOS), readmission rate, and conversion to open rate. Outcomes of RMIE and tMIE were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi square test as appropriate. Multivariable regression was also performed to reduce the impact of differences in the cohorts of patients receiving RMIE and tMIE. 6661 minimally invasive esophagectomies were performed from 2010 to 2016 (1543/6661 (23.2%) RMIE and 5118/6661 (76.8%) tMIE). Over the study period, the proportion of RMIE increased from 10.4% (64/618) in 2010 to 27.2% (331/1216) in 2016 (p < 0.001) (Fig. 1). The primary outcome of 90-day mortality was similar between RMIE and tMIE (92/1170 (7.4%) vs 305/4148 (7.9%), p = 0.558) (Table 2). RMIE and tMIE also had similar readmission rate (6.3 vs 7%, p = 0.380). There was no difference between the cohorts based on sex, age, race, insurance, and tumor size. The cohorts of patients receiving RMIE and tMIE differed in that RMIE patients had lower rates of elevated Charlson scores, were more likely to be treated at an academic institution, had a higher rate of advanced clinical T-stage and clinical nodal involvement, and had received neoadjuvant therapy. In a univariate analysis, RMIE had a lower rate of positive margin (3.9 vs 6.1%, p = 0.001), more mean lymph nodes evaluated (16.6 ± 9.74 vs 16.1 ± 10.08 p = 0.018), lower conversion to open rate (5.4 vs 11.4%, p 15 LNs) (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37, p < 0.032). In the National Cancer Database, robotic esophagectomy is associated with superior rate of conversion to open and positive surgical margin status. We speculate enhanced dexterity and visualization of RMIE facilitates intraoperative performance leading to improvement in these outcomes.
Coordination Complexes to Combat Bacterial Infections: Recent Developments, Current Directions and Future Opportunities

Drug discovery aimed at the efficient eradication of life-threatening bacterial infections, especially in light of the emergence of multi-drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, has remained a challenge for medicinal chemists over the past several decades. As nutrient acquisition and metabolism at the host-pathogen interface become better elucidated, new drug targets continue to emerge. Metal homeostasis is among these processes, and thus provides opportunities for medicinal inorganic chemists to alter or disrupt these processes selectively to impart bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic effects. In this minireview, we showcase some of the recent work from the field of metal-based antibacterial agents and highlight divergent strategies and mechanisms of action.
A novel sampling cassette for field-based analysis of respirable crystalline silica

Field-based methods for the analysis of respirable crystalline silica are now possible with the availability of portable instrumentation. Such methods also require the use of cassettes that facilitate direct-on-filter analysis of field samples. Conventional sampling cassettes can be modified such that they are amenable to direct-on-filter analysis while remaining compatible with common respirable dust samplers. The required modifications are described herein, and one version of such an analysis-ready cassette is described and evaluated in comparison to more traditional cassette designs. The novel cassette was found to result in a slightly higher mass of collected respirable material (for the same sampling duration), though this is likely due to the conductive material of the cassettes, which prevents particle wall losses in comparison to the more commonly used styrene cassette material. Both types of cassettes demonstrated comparable predictability in terms of respirable crystalline silica in a sample.
The relationship between the disaster communication action context and citizen intent to shape climate-related disaster policy across California wildfire seasons

The current study examined the psychological and social factors that motivate individuals to share and seek wildfire preparedness and resilience-building messages within disaster communication ecol...
Ontology: A Bridge between Bioethics and Data-Driven Inquiry

Pavarini et al. (2021) argue for the potential benefits of using games and other technologies to collect empirical data to enhance bioethics research. They propose a methodology called “design bioe...
Effects of Molecular Length on Nematic Mixtures: II Anisotropic and Dynamic Scattering Properties of 4-Alkoxyphenyl 4-Alkylcyclohexanecarboxylate Mixtures

The properties of nematic liquid-crystal mixtures of 4-alkoxyphenyl trans-4-alkylcyclohexane-carboxylates are studied as a function of temperature and their average molecular length (L). Mixtures are prepared with clearpoints near 72° C (±3° C) and with [Lbar] varying between 21.20 and 26.15 A. At 25° C, their flow viscosity increases exponentially (from 16.3 to 50.6 cP) as [Lbar] increases. The conductivity anisotropy (σ∥/στ) also varies tremendously, decreasing from 1.62 to 0.49 as L increases, when compared at 25° C with tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylboride as dopant. The low values of σ∥/στ and its temperature dependence indicate that cybotatic nematic characteristics occur when the average total number of alkyl carbons from both end groups is 8.5 or more. Short range smectic effects are dominant in the longer mixtures. All of the mixtures have a negative dielectric anisotropy, which linearly becomes less negative with increasing L. At 25° C, dynamic scattering (DS) is observed only in the sh...
Advanced Placement Courses for Medical School: A Novel AMed Track to Reduce Financial Burden and Attract Nontraditional Students

Medical school admissions have become increasingly competitive, creating a pool of nontraditional applicants that seek postbaccalaureate training in biomedical sciences. Several postbaccalaureate and graduate programs developed curricula that, except for learning clinical skills, mirror the learning objectives of the foundational science curricula in medical schools. This education structure provides applicants with a competitive advantage when applying to medical schools. However, basic science curriculum assessments in medical schools have changed to pass/fail scoring systems. As a result, students that participate in preparatory postbaccalaureate and graduate programs cannot show their superior level of knowledge and may find some core foundational science subjects redundant during their pre-clerkship medical education. The aim of this article is to propose an innovative system for matriculation into medical school through the AdvancedMed (AMed) Track, a three-year accelerated medical curriculum in which graduate curricula adopt an advanced placement course called AMed courses. This system would mirror the structure of the high school Advanced Placement (AP) system; therefore, students would take AMed courses similar in rigor to medical school basic science courses. These courses include Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Cellular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology. All courses would require a scored national standardized test to receive medical school credit toward a three-year accelerated track curriculum. Nontraditional students could choose to study independently and take the AMed standardized examination for credit to enter the AMed Track. Medical schools have the incentive to start an AMed Track because its implementation could lessen the financial burden, reduce time spent in medical school, and increase the participation of nontraditional medical students.
Women’s Enrollments in STEM in Higher Education: Cross-National Trends, 1970–2010

This paper describes cross-national trends in women’s share of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) enrollments in higher education for roughly 70 countries between 1970 and 2010. We answer two questions: 1) what is the overall global trend regarding women’s entry into these fields of study? And, 2) are certain STEM fields more accessible to women than other fields? We find that the overall trend is one of increased access, and this finding holds across different regions. Although women’s share has increased in both fields of study, women have less access to engineering than natural science. These findings are discussed within the broader context of global changes in the status of women. This discussion is grounded in macro-sociological theories that situate national changes within the influential “world society.” Lastly, we distinguish between the gains of women in science and the persisting issues of women and science.
Maximal Domains of Attraction in a Hopfield Neural Network with Learning

In this paper we describe an approach to maximizing the domains of attraction for equilibria in a Hopfield neural network with learning. The concept of learning in a Hopfield net is introduced and a method is given to construct a hetero-associative memory using a Hopfield net that "learns" the correct weights required to store arbitrarily specified input/output pairs. By proper choice of the feedback gains in the weight update equation it is possible to maximize the domain of attraction for the stored equilibrium points, resulting in a robust associative memory.
Google and Earnings Guidance

The case explores Google's communication strategy with Wall Street analysts. In particular, the case focuses on Google's commitment to a no-guidance policy and provides an overview of guidance practice among major U.S. companies.Learning Objective:The case provides a platform to discuss the determinants of supply and demand for voluntary disclosure in capital markets. The focus on Google's firm commitment to a no-guidance policy emphasizes the tension between guidance critics who argue that it locks firms into short-termism and guidance proponents who argue that greater transparency benefits capital markets. The case can also be used to analyze the role of institutions such as sell-side analysts in shaping firms' information environment. It is appropriate for undergraduate, MBA and executive education courses.
10 Cross-linguistic aspects of Anaphor resolution

Abstract This chapter discusses how speakers of different languages tend to compute, during real-time sentence comprehension, a variety of different anaphoric relationships. The results are interpreted according to the Universal Grammar paradigm. It is concluded that experimental approaches to the examination of the Universal Grammar should consider more and more a linguistic profile that takes into account different degrees of nonnative language competence as well as a broad range of typologically different languages.
Zero-order three-phase phase-locked loops

A method of minimizing dynamics and reducing phase error towards zero for arbitrary input frequency/phase while maintaining stability in three-phase phase-locked loops is presented. Theoretically, the system transfer function becomes of zero order and the error is zero. Practically, the steady state phase error is zero and the system is of minimum dynamics/order. The method is in synthesizing a feedforward control that is added to the standard three-phase phase-locked loop. The feedforward comprises an inverse feedforward control principle relative to the part of the feedback loop seen after the summing junction.
Myocardial ischemia. Nature of ischemic electrocardiographic patterns in the mammalian ventricles as determined by intracellular electrographic and metabolic changes.

Abstract Severe ischemia results in serious damage to myocardial cells and their membranes. As a consequence, K+ is lost from these cells and intracellular Na+ concentration probably rises. These changes produce a decrease in the transmembrane ionic gradient for these substances and probably hypopolarization of the cell membranes. This is manifested in the intracellular electrogram by a decrease in negativity of the membrane resting potential of the individual subepicardial ischemic cells. In direct electrograms from the epicardium over these cells the T-Q segment becomes depressed. This T-Q depression is indicated in the clinical electrocardiogram as S-T elevation. Perfusion of nonischemic myocardium with solutions of high K+ or low Na+ concentration produces intracellular and surface electrographic changes similar to those of severe ischemia. This supports the theory that metabolic changes such as those just described are at least part of the fundamental cause of the electrocardiographic changes of severe ischemia. In all probability, other chemical and metabolic factors also play a role in their production. Mild ischemia produces an increased uptake of K+ and probably glucose by the myocardial cells. As a result, the transmembrane ionic gradient for K+ increases and a state of hyperpolarization may occur. This causes an increase in membrane resting potential of the individual cells, manifested in the overlying surface electrogram by elevation of the T-Q segment. In the clinical electrocardiogram this appears as S-T depression. Perfusion of nonischemic myocardium with solutions of low K+ or high Na+ ion concentration produces intracellular and surface electrocardiographic changes similar to those of mild ischemia. This again provides support for the belief that such metabolic changes may be in part responsible for the electrocardiographic phenomena of mild ischemia. The increase in amplitude of the R wave often observed early in severe ischemia appears to be the result of delayed conduction in the ischemic muscle. The tall R wave is also widened because of this delay. The S wave is buried in the wide R wave and thus becomes smaller or entirely invisible. The increase in intracellular K+ and glucose in mild ischemia may represent a homeostatic mechanism by which the cells prepare themselves for injury by severe ischemia. The fact that the electrographic and electrocardiographic phenomena of the two kinds of ischemia are almost opposite in nature then becomes understandable as a manifestation of such a mechanism.
Seismicity Precursors of the M6.0 2004 Parkfield and M7.0 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquakes

The M6.0 2004 Parkfield and M7.0 1989 Loma Prietastrike-slip earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault (SAF) were preceded byseismicity peaks occurring several months prior to the main events.Earthquakes directly within the SAF zone were intentionally excluded fromthe analysis because they manifest stress-release processes rather thanstress accumulation. The observed increase in seismicity is interpretedas a signature of the increasing stress level in the surrounding crust,whereas the peaks and the subsequent decrease in seismicity areattributed to damage-induced softening processes. Furthermore, in bothcases there is a distinctive zone of low seismic activity that surroundsthe epicentral region in the pre-event period. The increase of seismicityin the crust surrounding a potential future event and the development ofa low-seismicity epicentral zone can be regarded as promising precursoryinformation that could help signal the arrival of large earthquakes. TheGutenberg-Richter relationship (GRR) should allow extrapolation ofseismicity changes down to seismic noise level magnitudes. Thishypothesis is verified by comparison of seismic noise at 80 Hz with theParkfield M4 1993-1994 series, where noise peaks 5 months before theseries to about twice the background level.
Chapter 2 Homolytic processes at sulfur

Publisher Summary This chapter provides by means of literature examples, a guide to the use of homolytic reactions at sulfur in synthesis. The chapter discusses reactions of sulfur-centered radicals such as thiyl radicals, sulfinyl radicals, and sulfonyl radicals. The use of thiyl radicals in synthesis requires that the precursor should be compatible with as wide a range of functional groups as possible and should be capable of providing a smooth, controlled flow of radicals. Like thiyl radicals, sulfonyl radicals are generally considered to be electrophilic in nature. The chapter discusses generation of alkyl radicals from organosulfur groups such as thiols, sulfides, alkyl aryl sulfides, sulfones, and thiocarbonyl groups. The desulfurization of thiols with tin hydrides has been described. The cleavage of alkyl aryl sulfides with stannanes is not an efficient reaction unless a stabilized radical is generated. Sulfonyl radicals undergo slow loss of sulfur dioxide to give alkyl radicals. The chapter describes the formation of carbon-sulfur bonds by the reaction of carbon-centered radicals with sulfur functional groups.
Quirin to Hamdan: Creating a Hybrid Paradigm for the Detention of Terrorists

This article develops what I call the "hybrid paradigm," which establishes the legal regime for the trials of those detained post-9/11. Incorporating elements of the American criminal law and procedure paradigm and drawing on the Israeli two-tiered system for the trying of terrorists, this article offers concrete recommendations post-Hamdan. In response to the Supreme Court decision, Hamdan v Rumsfeld, 126 S.Ct. 2749 (2006), I have developed a model that enables the trying of terrorists while meeting judicial scrutiny by drawing on certain elements of the criminal law process. Furthermore, the article addresses the limits of the applicability of the criminal law process, particularly with respect to the right of detainees to confront their accusers. Detainee trials are largely based on intelligence sources whose identity cannot be disclosed. The lack of disclosure prevents full implementation of the 6th Amendment confrontation clause. My model balances the defendant's basic rights with equally legitimate national security considerations.