cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutropenia in Pediatric Practice

1. George B. Segel, MD* 2. Jill S. Halterman, MD, MPH† 1. *Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology 2. †Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe when a patient has true neutropenia, understanding the variation with age and ethnic background. 2. Know the relative risk of infection at various values of the absolute neutrophil count. 3. Discuss the differences between inherited and acquired causes of neutropenia. 4. List the initial studies to evaluate patients who have neutropenia. The significance of neutropenia is a common query to hematology specialists from primary care physicians. Severe neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of fewer than 500/mcL (0.5×109/L) and is a common and expected complication of chemotherapy for childhood neoplasms. This article considers those patients who have neutropenia unrelated to chemotherapy toxicity. This type of neutropenia may be noted when a complete blood count (CBC) is performed in a sick newborn, a febrile child, a child taking chronic medication, or as part of a routine evaluation. Severe hereditary conditions such as Kostmann syndrome and certain immunodeficiency syndromes associated with neutropenia are rare, perhaps 1 per 100,000, and are more likely to present in neonates and infants, although acquired conditions such as immune neutropenia and neutropenia related to infection also occur in this age group. A mild-to-moderate decrease in the ANC (percent neutrophils times the total white count) frequently is seen in viral illness or related to medication use as well as in some healthy persons of African ancestry. A number of inherited conditions associated with neutropenia are associated with other congenital anomalies such as dysplastic thumbs in Fanconi anemia, albinism in Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and dwarfism in the cartilage hair or Shwachman-Diamond syndromes. A CBC is not ordered routinely for well children examined in the pediatrician's office or when children present with common febrile illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infections or otitis media. A CBC is warranted if …
¡Sounds of belonging! U.S. Spanish-language radio and public advocacy

For several years, the ‘Golden Age of Radio’ has provided a base of study for the majority of radio scholars. From presidential fireside chats to vaudeville programs, the 1920s–1950s were a prosper...
Χάλκινες εικόνες έκτυπης διακόσμησης μεσοβυζαντινής και υστεροβυζαντινής περιόδου

Στο παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζeται μια ομάδα eικόνων έκτυπης διακόσμησης από λeπτά φύλλα κραμάτων χαλκού. Παρά την αποσπασματικότητα της διατήρησής τους, μπορούν να προταθούν οι διάφορeς χρήσeις τους. Συχνά μιμούνταν πολύτιμeς μeταλλικές διακοσμήσeις eικόνων, γνωστών από τα σύγχρονά τους κeίμeνα. Μέσα από αναφορές των έκτυπων αυτών eικόνων σe φιλολογικές πηγές μπορeί να ανιχνeυθeί η μέτρια χρηματική τους αξία. Τέτοια αντικeίμeνα eίναι πολύ πιθανόν να άνηκαν σe οικογένeιeς κάποιας ανώτeρης τάξης και θα χρησίμeυαν ως eικόνeς ιδιωτικής λατρeίας, θα διακοσμούσαν ταπeινές eκκλησίeς και παρeκκλήσια, αλλά και θα αφιeρώνονταν μέσω δωρeών ή κληροδοτημάτων σe μοναστήρια.
Advanced Modeling And Imaging For Seismic Acquisition - A GOM Subsalt Example

Summary We developed a workflow for advanced seismic acquisition design. Visibility analyses, wave-equation modeling, RTM imaging and critical reflection illuminations are used to understand the causes of poorer images beneath the salt in the deepwater of Gulf of Mexico. Results indicate that the poorly imaged subsalt target horizons are partly because of the limited maximum offset (4 to 7 km) in acquisition and processing, and partly because of the critical angle reflections at the base of the salt. For the former, one can increase the cable length in acquisition. However, if critical reflection becomes a problem, it is impossible to improve imaging using surface seismic, no matter how long the cable is used. The advanced modeling and imaging can be used not only for seismic acquisition design, but also for subsalt structural interpretation.
Unfaithful minimal Heilbronn characters of L 2(q)

When a minimal Heilbronn character θ is unfaithful on a Sylow p -subgroup P of a finite group G , we know that G is quasi-simple, p is odd, P is cyclic, N G ( P ) is maximal and either N G ( P ) is the unique maximal subgroup containing Ω 1 ( P ) or G/Z ( G ) ≅ L 2 ( q ) for q an odd prime with p dividing q − 1. In this paper we examine the exceptional case, where G/Z ( G ) ≅ L 2 ( q ), explicitly constructing unfaithful minimal Heilbronn characters from the non-principal irreducible characters of G .
Processing, Microstructure, and Fracture Behavior of Nickel / Nickel Aluminide Multilayered Thin Films

The Ni-Ni 3 Al system is the basis of a large number of Ni-based superalloys used extensively in the aerospace industry. The mechanical properties of bulk superalloys, which primarily consist of a Ni-based fcc matrix reinforced with cubic precipitates of Ni 3 Al, have been extensively researched. The goal of the present study is to investigate the mechanical properties of multilayered Ni / Ni 3 Al nanocomposites in the thin film form. These multilayers have been processed using UHV magnetron sputtering by alternate deposition of pure elemental Ni and Ni-25at%Al layers in the range of 20 nm – 120 nm. By varying the substrate material and processing parameters such as deposition temperature, multilayers with two types of interfacial orientations. (111) Ni //(111) Ni 3 Al and (002) Ni //(002) Ni 3 Al have been fabricated. Microstructural and phase characterization of the multilayers in both plan-view as well as cross-section geometries have been carried out using x-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM and the results of these will be discussed. Both orientations exhibited a high density of twins lying on the {111} planes. The loss of coherency in these multilayers as a function of the layer thickness will also be discussed. The cross-section fracture behavior of these multilayers has been studied by SEM fractography. Failure mode for fracture was a result of the application of tensile stresses. Interesting effects of the interfacial orientation and the layer thickness on the fracture surface of these multilayers will be discussed.
Determining the Feasibility of Statistical Techniques to Identify the Most Important Input Parameters of Building Energy Models

Abstract Previous studies in building energy assessment clearly state that to meet sustainable energy goals, existing buildings, as well as new buildings, will need to improve their energy efficiency. Thus, meeting energy goals relies on retrofitting existing buildings. Most building energy models are bottom-up engineering models, meaning these models calculate energy demand of individual buildings through their physical properties and energy use for specific end uses (e.g., lighting, appliances, and water heating). Researchers then scale up these model results to represent the building stock of the region studied. Studies reveal that there is a lack of information about the building stock and associated modeling tools and this lack of knowledge affects the assessment of building energy efficiency strategies. Literature suggests that the level of complexity of energy models needs to be limited. Accuracy of these energy models can be elevated by reducing the input parameters, alleviating the need for users to make many assumptions about building construction and occupancy, among other factors. To mitigate the need for assumptions and the resulting model inaccuracies, the authors argue buildings should be described in a regional stock model with a restricted number of input parameters. One commonly-accepted method of identifying critical input parameters is sensitivity analysis, which requires a large number of runs that are both time consuming and may require high processing capacity. This paper utilizes the Energy, Carbon and Cost Assessment for Buildings Stocks (ECCABS) model, which calculates the net energy demand of buildings and presents aggregated and individual- building-level, demand for specific end uses, e.g., heating, cooling, lighting, hot water and appliances. The model has already been validated using the Swedish, Spanish, and UK building stock data. This paper discusses potential improvements to this model by assessing the feasibility of using stepwise regression to identify the most important input parameters using the data from UK residential sector. The paper presents results of stepwise regression and compares these to sensitivity analysis; finally, the paper documents the advantages and challenges associated with each method.
Illuminating Phagocyte Biology: The View from Zebrafish

Many phagocyte behaviors, including vascular rolling and adhesion, migration, and oxidative bursting, are better measured in seconds or minutes than hours or days. Zebrafish is ideally suited for imaging such rapid biology within the intact animal. We discuss how this model has revealed unique insights into various aspects of phagocyte physiology.
"Outlier" intraocular pressure readings: valid or invalid for statistical analysis?

Wide variations in the response to intraocular (IOP)-lowering medications may be due to the normal response of the subjects or to variables unrelated to the effect of medication, eg, noncompliance or recording errors. We used data from a previous study of medications designed to lower IOP to investigate the influence of readings showing an unusually large increase in IOP from baseline on the statistical analysis and conclusions. These readings, which could have been due to variables unrelated to the effect of medication, were defined as "outliers" by a statistical method. A statistically insignificant difference between two IOP-lowering medications became significant on excluding two subjects with outlier IOP readings. We explain how reporting results obtained with and without including outliers in the analysis may provide clinicians with more complete information.
Interest Group Influence in Authoritarian States: The Political Determinants of China's Undervalued Exchange Rate

Why has China kept its exchange rate weak and undervalued for most of the past fifteen years? A large literature in IPE argues that interest groups influence exchange rate policy, but many believe that Chinese policymakers are immune to interest group pressures due to high degree of state autonomy in China. This paper argues that interest group lobbying strongly influences exchange rate valuation policy - even in the “least-likely” case of China. I contend that exporters have various channels through which they can influence exchange rate policy in China, and Chinese leaders keep their exchange rate undervalued because export-oriented industries are more powerful than interest groups that support exchange rate appreciation. Although interest group theories (e.g. Frieden 1991) can explain why China typically undervalues its exchange rate, they cannot explain why China appreciated its exchange rate rapidly during several brief periods. My policy mix theory borrows from Frieden’s model, but claims that tradable producers do not oppose exchange rate overvaluation when they are compensated with a stable nominal exchange rate and high government spending. The case-study of Chinese exchange rate politics over the period 1994-2009 demonstrates that Chinese exporters frequently lobbied for an undervalued exchange rate, and shows that Chinese policymakers chose to undervalue the exchange rate to satisfy the demands of this powerful interest group. Exporters were supportive of exchange rate appreciation during periods where they received other compensatory policies, and this explains why the government appreciated the exchange rate in 1997-99 and 2006-07. I conclude that interest group preferences provide a more convincing explanation for Chinese exchange rate valuation choices than the alternative theories.
Does God Create Evil? A Study of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Exegesis of Sūrat al-falaq

ABSTRACTThe present piece of research analyses Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s exegesis of Sūrat al-falaq in his voluminous tafsīr, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb. In his exegesis of Sūrat al-falaq, al-Rāzī draws on the insights of philosophical Sufism (ʿirfān), philosophy, and science in general, in addition to the transmitted (naqlī) sciences. The focus of al-Rāzī’s exegesis in this chapter is the problem of evil. According to al-Rāzī, evil is found only in the sublunar world, that is, the world of generation and corruption. And this is so owing to the fact that the sublunar world contains bodily substances, in contrast to the world of spirit, in which only spirits (arwāḥ) dwell. However, as his exegesis segues into the specific verses of Sūrat al-falaq, it begins to take a more polemical turn against the Muʿtazilites and other theological opponents. Al-Rāzī’s theodicy remains faithful in part to his Ashʿarite predecessors and, although he attempts to deconstruct the Muʿtāzilite position on this issue, he does not present an ...
A Concept Analysis of Systems Thinking

PURPOSE This concept analysis, written by the National Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) RN-BSN Task Force, defines systems thinking in relation to healthcare delivery. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted using five databases with the keywords “systems thinking” as well as “nursing education,” “nursing curriculum,” “online,” “capstone,” “practicum,” “RN-BSN/RN to BSN,” “healthcare organizations,” “hospitals,” and “clinical agencies.” Only articles that focused on systems thinking in health care were used. The authors identified defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of systems thinking. FINDINGS Systems thinking was defined as a process applied to individuals, teams, and organizations to impact cause and effect where solutions to complex problems are accomplished through collaborative effort according to personal ability with respect to improving components and the greater whole. Four primary attributes characterized systems thinking: dynamic system, holistic perspective, pattern identification, and transformation. CONCLUSION Using the platform provided in this concept analysis, interprofessional practice has the ability to embrace planned efforts to improve critically needed quality and safety initiatives across patients’ lifespans and all healthcare settings.
Linear Programming Methods for Optimum Design

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the basic theory and the concepts for solving linear programming problems. An optimum design problem having linear cost and constraint functions in the design variables is called a linear programming (LP) problem. Linear programming problems arise in some fields of engineering such as water resources, systems engineering, traffic flow control, resources management, and transportation engineering. In the areas of aerospace, automotive, structural, or mechanical system design, most problems are not linear. However, one way of solving nonlinear programming (NLP) problems is to transform them into a sequence of linear programs. In addition, some NLP methods solve an LP problem during their iterative solution processes. So this chapter first defines a standard LP problem that is different from the standard NLP problem and then details of the simplex method are described to show the numerical steps needed to solve LP problems. Before attempting to implement the method in a computer program, however, standard packages for solving LP problems must be investigated. Many programs are available to treat such problems—for example, Excel, MATLAB, and LINDO.
Nonvolatile Spintronic Memory Array Performance Benchmarking Based on Three-Terminal Memory Cell

For the conventional spin-transfer torque random access memory, tradeoffs exist between read margin and write energy because both read and write currents pass through the same magnetic tunnel junction. To improve the read/write performance and reduce the read disturb rate, three-terminal memory cell structures are investigated and the tradeoffs among read and write performance metrics are explored. A uniform memory array-level benchmarking is performed to compare various spintronic write mechanisms, including spin diffusion, spin Hall effect, domain wall motion, and magnetoelectric (ME) effect. Results show that three-terminal memory cells have the advantage of a small write energy dissipation, and up to two orders of magnitude reduction in the energy-delay product is projected for the domain wall and ME-based memory cells.
Entanglement renormalization for chiral topological phases

We considered the question of applying the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) to describe chiral topological phases. We defined a functional for each layer in the MERA, which captures the correlation length. With some algebraic geometry tools, we rigorously proved its monotonicity with respect to adjacent layers, and the existence of a lower bound for chiral states, which shows a trade-off between the bond dimension and the correlation length. Using this theorem, we showed the number of orbitals per cell (which roughly corresponds to the bond dimension) should grow with the height. Conversely, if we restrict the bond dimensions to be constant, then there is an upper bound of the height. Specifically, we established a no-go theorem stating that we will not approach a renormalization fixed point in this case.
The Influence of Risk Assessment Instrument Scores on Evaluators’ Risk Opinions and Sexual Offender Containment Recommendations:

In Colorado, evaluators conducting sex offender risk assessments are required to assess 17 risk factors specified by the state’s Sex Offender Management Board (SOMB), in addition to scoring actuari...
The Entrepreneurial (Straight) Edge: How Participation in DIY Music Cultures Translates to Work and Careers:

Only recently have researchers begun thoroughly examining the role of youth music cultures and subcultures in participants’ ‘adult’ lives, suggesting that participation does not end with an abrupt ...
Selective and confined growth of transition metal dichalcogenides on transferred graphene

We demonstrate confinement of CVD grown MoS2 to a patterned graphene area, forming a vertically stacked 2D heterostructure. The CVD-grown graphene had been transferred onto a Si wafer and patterned using photolithography. Raman mapping and spectral analysis reveal few-layer MoS2 grew selectively on graphene regions, and not on the surrounding SiO2 substrate surface. We also report CVD growth of WS2 directly on transferred graphene. Unlike MoS2, no few-layer regions were found; the WS2 was found to be either monolayer or at least five layers (bulk). The WS2 coverage was only partial, but selectivity to graphene is apparent. These findings have the potential to significantly advance fabrication of vertical 2D heterostructures and related devices, and suggest the selective growth on graphene may be applicable to TMDCs in general.
Black Bleeds and the Sites of a Trauma in GB Tran’s Vietnamerica

‘The gutter’ is the space between panels where panel transitions happen—readers fill in the blank space by connecting panels to make sense of the story. In GB Tran’s Vietnamerica (2010), however, black gutters become part of black ‘bleeds’ (pages congruent with single panels in them) to portray the sites of a trauma. This article argues that if bleeds, as Scott McCloud claims, can depict timeless space, they could also represent the sites of a trauma where the memory of the past is intervened by the future interpretation of the memory. In Vietnamerica, the panels in black in a waffle-iron grid are simultaneously black gutters and a black bleed, where reinterpretation of trauma takes place as speech balloons are later imposed on the same recurrent waffle-iron grid. While Cathy Caruth’s trauma theory helps read Tran’s black bleeds as the sites of a trauma, the latter also extends Caruth’s notion of ‘traumatic awakenings’ since the black bleeds as the sites of a trauma turn into the places of reconciliation and healing.
A wideband, circularly polarized slot antenna

A wideband, slot antenna fed by a micro strip line is proposed to generate circular polarization. The total volume of the antenna is 0.275λ × 0.275λ × 0.008λ and the electrical size is a kr of 1.23. In simulation, the achieved operational −10-dB impedance bandwidth is between 1.56 GHz and 3.44 GHz (75%) and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is between 1.89 GHz and 3.41 GHz (57%). The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is fully included in the −10-dB impedance bandwidth. The averaged realized gain of the antenna is 3.3 dBic in the common bandwidth.
Jewish Identity and Community Participation in the Era of Croatian Neoliberalism

This paper explores Jewish identity and community life in Croatia in the new millennium. Examining the interconnectedness of neoliberalism and the politics of rewriting and suppressing historical narratives, I consider Jewish identity negotiation and community participation in a post-socialist capitalist system. With Croatia’s unsettling history and changing political economy as the backdrop, I examine how the expansion of neoliberal cultural values has made room for multiple views of Croatian history: I argue that the sociocultural climate has produced an essentialized view of Jews and the Jewish community, whose survival is not aided by populist historical revisionism. In line with the changing political economy, Jewish community leadership has adopted a more restricted understanding of the survival of Jewish identity and community participation. I suggest that the perceived monocausal disappearance of the Croatian Jews and the one-size-fits-all solution is problematic given the particular sociocultural context of Croatian Jewry. I further suggest that the promotion of individualism over collectivism, popularized through the neoliberalization of Croatian society, has negatively affected the Jewish communities in Croatia.
Energy Dissipation and Pore Pressure Generation in Stress- and Strain-Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Tests

The pore pressures generated in soils subjected to cyclic loadings have been shown to be proportional to the energy dissipated in the soil during that loading. Both stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests can be used to develop parameters for energy-based pore pressure models; however, the patterns of their energy dissipation into the soil are quite different. In this study, the two patterns of energy-dissipation associated with stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were developed and then confirmed using sixteen stress-controlled and sixteen strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. Additionally, it was shown that the patterns of pore-pressure generation for the two tests, which differ greatly when evaluated relative to the cycles of loading, were very similar when evaluated in terms of their energy dissipation.
Nitriding and martensitic phase transformation of the copper and boron doped iron nitride magnet

Abstract We have investigated two solid-state phase transformations-nitriding of the ternary alloy FeCuB ribbons and martensitic phase transformation in the FeCuBN ribbons using x-ray diffraction, Auger Electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. We also studied the diffusion kinetics of nitrogen in FeCuB ribbons and found the activation energy of N to diffuse in the FeCuB matrix and the diffusion coefficient of N at different temperatures. We investigated the evolution of the microstructure during nitriding process and found a layered growth of iron nitride in the FeCuB matrix. Finally, the martensitic phase transformation of the FeCuBN ribbons was also optimized, and the optimizing parameters for the martensitic phase transformation of FeCuB ribbons were reported.
Spousal Education and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life.

Objectives Numerous studies have documented the relationship between education and cognitive functioning at the individual level. Yet few studies have examined whether a spouse's education spills over to influence the other spouse's cognitive functioning. This study, therefore, investigates the association between spousal education and cognitive functioning, the pathways that may account for this association, and gender differences in this association. Method Growth curve models were analyzed by using longitudinal couple data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 5,846 individuals). Results More years of spousal education are associated with higher level of cognitive functioning at age 65 (γ000 = 0.0532, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0163-0.0901) and slower decline in cognitive functioning in later adulthood (γ100 = 0.0054, 95% CI = 0.0026-0.0082). The positive association between spousal education and the level of cognitive functioning at age 65 is fully explained by economic resources. The association of spousal education with the rate of change in cognitive functioning decreases but remains significant after controlling for economic resources and health behaviors (γ100 = 0.0043, 95% CI = 0.0014-0.0072). The association between spousal education and cognitive functioning is similar for men and women. Discussion Findings suggest that more years of spousal education may slow decline in cognitive functioning for men and women in later life.
The role of enemy-mediated competition in determining fitness of a generalist herbivore.

The influence of indirect competition on insect communities is not well understood. We studied how the fitness of a gregarious lepidopteran species, fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), is affected by another gregarious caterpillar species, western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum (Packard). Fall webworm and tent caterpillars both feed on chokecherry, Prunus virginiana L., and create silken structures in which they reside until just prior to pupation. Preliminary observations suggested that predators and parasitoids reside in tent caterpillar tents after tents have been abandoned by the caterpillars, thus increasing the presence of enemies near tents. We hypothesized that when reared near tent caterpillar tents, fall webworms are less fit because of increased predation from nearby enemies (enemy-mediated competition). We tested our hypothesis at two field sites by placing fall webworm larvae in the field with or without a tent caterpillar tent nearby. We compared differences in survival rates, parasitism rates, and fitness between the larvae reared with and without tents nearby. At one field site, webworm larvae near tent caterpillar tents disappeared ∼30% faster than did larvae without tents nearby. Although survival or fitness did not differ significantly between larvae reared with or without tents nearby, distance separating fall webworm larvae from a tent caterpillar tent might be important. Our results suggested that enemy-mediated competition might affect the fitness of fall webworm larvae and should be investigated further.
The Pleiotropic Effects of Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer

Metabolic programs are known to be altered in cancers arising from various tissues. Malignant transformation can alter signaling pathways related to metabolism and increase the demand for both energy and biomass for the proliferating cancerous cells. This scenario is further complexed by the crosstalk between transformed cells and the microenvironment. One of the most common metabolic alterations, which occurs in many tissues and in the context of multiple oncogenic drivers, is the increased demand for the amino acid glutamine. Many studies have attributed this increased demand for glutamine to the carbon backbone and its role in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerosis. However, an increasing number of studies are now emphasizing the importance of glutamine functioning as a proteogenic building block, a nitrogen donor and carrier, an exchanger for import of other amino acids, and a signaling molecule. Herein, we highlight the recent literature on glutamine’s versatile role in cancer, with a focus on nitrogen metabolism, and therapeutic implications of glutamine metabolism in cancer.
Experimental performance assessment of metal-foam flow fields for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Interest in fuel-cell technology as a clean power source has been increasing. Fuel cells are prime candidates for replacing internal combustion engines, and for use as power plants. Flow fields in bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells distribute reactants over the reactive sites of the membrane electrode assembly. Bipolar plates are typically graphite with parallel or serpentine channels as flow fields. The efficiency of a fuel cell or a stack depends on the performance of the bipolar plates, which is contingent on the flow field design. The drawbacks of graphite include heavy weight, fabrication inaccuracy, high cost, fixed porosity, and brittleness. In this paper, open-cell metal foam is experimentally investigated as a flow field for a new bipolar plate design. The performance of the conventional bipolar plate with a serpentine flow field is directly compared to that of the metal-foam designs (with various porosities) at the same operational conditions. Results show that, in the case of the new design, the cell current, voltage and power density are improved, and temperature and pressure distributions on the membrane are more even. Metal-foam flow fields are seen to maintain safe operating temperature for the membrane (55–87 °C). Just as important, the conversion efficiency is 9.9% higher for the metal-foam design, and its weight is 27.8% lower compared to the graphite bipolar plate. There is a savings of 4% in hydrogen use when using the metal-foam flow fields. As such the new design is a viable replacement for the conventional graphite bipolar plate.
Gender, sexism, and the election: did sexism help Trump more than it hurt Clinton?

Data from Reuters/Ipsos polls (6116 respondents) conducted shortly before and after the 2016 presidential election (from 4 to 17 November 2016) were used to test whether: (1) women and men differed...
Petroleum reservoir properties

Abstract Crude oil, natural gas, and produced water are petroleum fluids, which are characterized by their physical and chemical properties. Lithology, porosity, and permeability are rock properties used to characterize petroleum reservoirs. Understanding these properties is essential for predicting well productivity. This chapter presents definitions of these fluid and rock properties and nonexperimental methods for obtaining their values. These correlations are coded in spreadsheet programs. This chapter also defines parameters used for characterizing reservoir properties.
A Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Kairomonal Lure Is Marginally Effective at Decreasing Fruit Damage in Apple Trees Outside of Orchard Settings

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is a significant pest of pome fruits and walnuts worldwide. Recently, a three-chemical kairomonal lure, comprised of pear ester, acetic acid, and n-butyl sulfide, was successfully used as an attractant in a mass-trapping scheme to reduce fruit damage in commercial apple orchards. In this study, we tested whether this same attractant could be used outside of an orchard setting to decrease fruit damage in isolated, unmanaged apple (Malus spp.) (Rosales: Rosaceae) trees. Traps containing the lures were placed in trees before the first codling moth flight and maintained throughout the summer. We found that while the traps statistically reduced the percent of apples damaged near the trap, the effect was smaller than expected and limited to areas near the trap. It is currently unclear, but site-specific effects (e.g., host type, apple density, codling moth source) may be important factors in the efficacy of management tools in these systems. While kairomone-based trapping could be a practical and feasible management tool in individual trees outside of orchards, more work needs to be done to understand the limitations of this method.
Prostate Cancer Brain Metastases: A Single-Institution Experience.

Background Brain metastases from prostate cancer are rare and poorly described. We sought to assess the proportion of brain metastases arising from prostate cancer and to detail clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes. Methods We retrospectively identified and reviewed the charts of 31 patients with intraparenchymal brain metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma seen at our institution from 2008 to 2018. Results Among all patients with brain metastases, the proportion originating from prostate adenocarcinoma was 0.86%. The median age at the time of brain metastasis diagnosis was 69 (range, 57–90). The median original Gleason score was 8 (range, 6–10), and the median prostate-specific antigen at the time of brain metastasis was 60 ng/mL (range, 0.34–4600). The median months from initial cancer diagnosis to brain metastasis was 81 (range, 3–195). The median number of brain metastases was 2 (range, 1–5). Patients had concurrent metastases to bone (100%), lung (48%), and liver (35%). Median overall survival was 3 months (range, 0.4–25.0). Treatment of the brain metastases was correlated with an increase in median survival from 1.2 months to 4.6 months with radiosurgery (hazard ratio = 0.11, P = 0.001) and surgical resection plus radiotherapy to 13 months (hazard ratio = 0.05, P Conclusions Brain metastasis from prostate cancer constitutes a small fraction of total brain metastases, but is associated with poor prognosis and is seen in the setting of advanced, castrate resistant disease. These data enable treating physicians to appropriately counsel their patients with prostate adenocarcinoma brain metastasis.
Outcomes of Heart Transplantation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease With Prior Intracardiac Repair.

Background The number of patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) who require orthotopic heart transplantation has increased rapidly in the past 2 decades. This study examined heart transplant outcomes of patients with ACHD who had previous cardiac surgery by using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Methods Between January 2008 and March 2019, patients with ACHD who underwent previous cardiac surgery and subsequent heart transplantation were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. As a control group, adult patients without congenital heart disease who had previous sternotomy and subsequent heart transplantation were extracted from the database. Propensity score matching was then used to compare outcomes between the 2 groups. Results There were 793 patients in the ACHD group and 8400 patients in the control group. Among well-matched groups of 486 patients each, 30-day mortality (8.2% vs 3.9%; P = .004) and perioperative need for dialysis (22.7% vs 13.3%; P Conclusions Compared with well-matched patients without ACHD but with previous sternotomy, patients with ACHD and previous intracardiac repair had a higher operative risk but similar 10-year survival.
Long‐term trend analysis of extreme coastal sea levels with changepoint detection

Sea level rise can bring disastrous outcomes to people living in coastal regions by increasing flood risk or inducing stronger storm surges. We study long‐term linear trends in monthly maximum sea levels by applying extreme value methods. The monthly maximum sea levels are extracted from multiple tide gauges around the coastal regions of the world over a period of as long as 169 years. Due to instrument changes, location changes, earthquakes, land reclamation, dredging, etc., the sea level data could contain inhomogeneous shifts in their means, which can substantially impact trend estimates if ignored. To rigorously quantify the long‐term linear trends and return levels for the monthly maximum sea level data, we use a genetic algorithm to estimate the number and times of changepoints in the data. As strong periodicity and temporal correlation are pertinent to the data, bootstrap techniques are used to obtain more realistic confidence intervals to the estimated trends and return levels. We find that the consideration of changepoints changed the estimated linear trends of 89 tide gauges (approximately 30% of tide gauges considered) by more than 20cmcentury‐1. Our results are summarized in maps with estimated extreme sea level trends and 50‐year return levels.
Nitrogen and substrate assessment for first-year pot-in-pot production in the Intermountain West.

–1 ) as urea was applied to quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), ‘Autumn Blaze’ maple (Acer × freemannii ‘Autumn Blaze’), ‘Chanticleer’ fl owering pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer’), and ‘Canada Red’ chokecherry (Prunus virginiana ‘Canada Red’). Twenty-six liter liners (#7 container) were transplanted into 57 liter (#15) containers in a retail nursery fi nishing pot-in-pot system. Trunk diameter growth and shoot-tip elongation measurements were recorded for one growing season. Overall, only pear had a consistent increase in terminal shoot and trunk growth in response to N at 9 g N·tree –1 (12 lbs N·1000 ft –2 ). Maple and chokecherry exhibited modest lateral shoot growth at 4.5 and 18 g N·tree –1 (10–24 lbs N·1000 ft –2 ), and aspen growth had no response to N. The second study evaluated the effect of nitrogen rates and substrate type on fi rst-year trunk diameter growth of bare root common chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) and Aristocrat fl owering pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Aristocrat’). Large bare-root liners were installed into a fi nishing pot-in-pot system with three substrate treatments, a proprietary, a commercial mix using several organic matter sources, and a simple composted bark-pumice mix. Five nitrogen rates, 0–9 g N·tree –1 , (0–12 lbs N·1000 ft –2 ) were applied to each substrate. Pear again had a modest increase in trunk growth at 2.2 g N per tree, but had no response to the different growth substrates. Chokecherry trunk growth did not increase with nitrogen nor did substrate treatment substantively affect growth. This study indicates that Intermountain West retail nurseries can likely reduce fi rst-year nitrogen applications to container and bare root liner stock during fi nish production, and use a simpler media to achieve optimum growth at potentially lower cost.
"Target sign" from dropped gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Abstract Isolated case reports and small series in radiologic and surgical literature relay the different modes of clinical presentation that arise secondary to spillage of gallstones during surgery. We report a case of a 70-year-old female who presented with a 2-week history of right-sided abdominal pain. CT (computerized tomography) imaging findings demonstrated multiple peripherally enhancing hypoattenuating lesions in the right subphrenic space abutting the hepatic dome, concerning for abscesses. The lesions were found to have a characteristic central hyperattenuating focus (Target Sign) consistent with gallstones, as identified on a pre-cholecystectomy CT, resulting in the early diagnosis and treatment of dropped gallstones from prior laparoscopic cholecystectomy approximately 1 year prior to presentation.
Implementation of Electronic Health Records During Global Outreach: A Necessary Next Step in Measuring and Improving Quality of Care

There has been a marked improvement in health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) throughout the past several decades. Although access to care has increased, evidence demonstrates that over 8 million lives could be saved annually with high-quality health systems. Traumatic injuries that are often treatable by surgical services are a leading cause of global mortality. As such, increased efforts toward improving quality of care in addition to access are needed for surgical services in LMICs. Electronic health records have become standard in high-income countries, given their demonstrated ability to improve clinical care, prevent complications, and inform quality improvement. Electronic health records are not frequently used in LMICs and represent an opportunity to address the quality gap in these health systems. This review highlights the benefits of electronic health records in high-income countries, their potential benefits in LMICs, their current role in supporting surgical outreach, and their implementation on outreach trips to measure and improve quality of care.
PERSONAL BENEFITS OF STRONG ORGANIZATIONAL AND COMMUNITY TIES: HEALTH, ENGAGEMENT AND RETENTION

This study extended past research on organizational commitment by proposing a new construct of community commitment. The authors drew from past organizational research to theorize distinct effects of affective and continuance community commitment in relation to nurses' health, retention, and engagement. These effects were investigated in a prospective study in which nurses' (N = 330) organizational and community commitment were assessed at one time point and measures of health, retention, and engagement were captured nine months later. Affective community commitment predicted health and retention outcomes after controlling for both types of organizational commitment, but continuance commitment did not. Mediation analyses suggested that continuance community commitment had indirect effects on outcomes through its relationship with continuance organizational commitment. Neither form of community commitment was associated with professional or organizational turnover intentions. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research in both community and organizational psychology.
Hazards of Large Volcanic Debris Avalanches and Associated Eruptive Phenomena

Slope failures resulting from structural instability of volcanoes produce extremely mobile debris avalanches that can travel long distances beyond the flanks of volcanoes at high velocities. Large mass movements occur at volcanic constructs ranging from lava dome complexes to massive shield volcanoes, creating horseshoe-shaped reentrants into the edifice that can attain caldera-sized dimensions. More than 20 major slope failures have occurred globally during the past 500 years, a rate exceeding that of caldera collapse. Debris-avalanche deposits are the dominant volcaniclastic component at some volcanoes. Their widespread occurrence in a variety of tectonic settings suggests that slope failure may be the dominant catastrophic edifice- modifying process.
Teaching problem-solving in algorithms and AI

This paper suggests some teaching strategies for Algorithms and AI courses. These courses can have a common goal of teaching complex problem-solving techniques. Based on my experience teaching undergraduates in a small liberal-arts college, the paper offers concrete ideas for working toward this goal. These ideas are supported by relevant studies in cognitive science and education. Together, they provide a plan for structuring lessons and assignments to help student become better problem-solvers.
7. Four Useful Finite Mixture Models for Regression Analyses of Panel Data with a Categorical Dependent Variable

This paper describes and contrasts two useful ways to employ a latent class variable as a mixture variable in regression analyses of panel data with a categorical dependent variable. One way is to model unobserved heterogeneity in the trajectory, or change in the distribution, of the dependent variable. Two models that accomplish this are the latent trajectory model and latent growth curve model for a categorical dependent variable having ordered categories. Each latent class here represents a distinct trajectory of the dependent variable. The latent trajectory model introduces covariate effects on the composition of latent classes, while the latent growth curve model introduces covariate effects on both the “intercept” and the “slope” of growth in logit, which may vary among latent classes.The other useful way is to model unobserved heterogeneity in the state dependence of the dependent variable. Two models that accomplish this are introduced for a simultaneous analysis of response probability and respon...
Precarious Conditions: A Note on Counter‐Insurgency in Africa after 1945

This paper looks at the politics of surfaces, and the practices of veiling (and unveiling) and of white men wearing blackface in counter-insurgency efforts in post-war Africa. The sten gun beneath the veil, the unveiled woman with a bomb in her handbag and the counter-gangs masquerading as African guerillas all embody specific kinds of violence; they also embody a political imaginary in which racial and cultural lines are more fluid than previous studies of these periods suggest; indeed, they raise questions about what makes a race, a gender or a regiment: are racial and national categories learned, mimicked, or are they literally skin deep? My question, however, is not why do people dress up as guerillas or as Western women to wreak havoc on their enemies, but how historians of post-war Africa might understand such actions. To this end I want to read accounts of counter-insurgency, Fanon's famous essay, the memoirs of British soldiers in Kenya and Rhodesian soldiers in Rhodesia and some of the volumes of Rhodesian wartime fiction through the lens of transgender literature, looking at how various crossings, and the multiple markers thereof, shed light on broader issues of hierarchy, race and gender at the time of decolonisation.
Adsorption and desorption of dibenzothiophene on Ag-titania studied by the complementary temperature-programmed XPS and ESR

Abstract Adsorption, desorption and structure of the surface chemical compounds formed upon interaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in solution of n-octane with the sulfur-selective Ag/Titania sorbent for the ultradeep desulfurization of liquid fuels was characterized by the temperature-programmed X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Electron Spin Resonance. Adsorption of DBT proceeds via chemisorption via the oxygen-containing surface groups. Desorption of DBT and thermal regeneration of the “spent” Ag/Titania were studied by the complementary temperature-programmed XPS and ESR from 25 °C to 525 °C, in the high vacuum vs. air. The XPS spectrum of the pure DBT is reported for the first time.
A Stochastic Model Associated with Enskog Equation and Its Kinetic Limit

We examine a system of particles in which the particles travel deterministically in between stochastic collisions. The collisions are elastic and occur with probability ɛd when two particles are at a distance σ. When the number of particles N goes to infinity and Nɛd goes to a nonzero constant, we show that the particle density converges to a solution of the Enskog Equation.
Evaluation of religious and neutral arguments in religious and atheist student groups1

30 Ss from 3 student religious groups (Student Christian Movement, Evangelical Union, Newman Society) and 10 atheist students judged the logical validity of 24 religious syllogisms and 16 neutral syllogisms. Results indicate that Ss' evaluation of the religious syllogisms is influenced by their religious attitude, critical ability, and intolerance of ambiguity; that the fundamentalist EU group is highest in dogmatism and intolerance of ambiguity and the atheist group lowest; and that Ss high in intolerance of ambiguity tend to be relatively low in critical ability.
Lilly– Molecular Psychiatry Award: 2003 winners and 2004 call for submissions

Molecular Psychiatry and Lilly have joined forces to develop a new award in our field. The Lilly–Molecular Psychiatry Award is given annually to the best original research submitted by a young investigator. Submissions are judged by a highly qualified group of academic leaders.a We are very grateful to the reviewers who considered many highly competitive submissions.