cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adhesive-tape recovery combined with molecular and microscopic testing for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts on experimentally contaminated fresh produce and a food preparation surface

A proof of concept study was conducted to determine if transparent double-sided adhesive tape could be used to recover and detect [by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA)] Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts on fresh produce and on a food preparation surface. Oocysts were applied on the surface of ten apples, ten peaches, eight cucumbers, and eight tomatoes within circles drawn with a permanent marker. Approximately 18 h later, skin excised from three uncontaminated and three contaminated circles from each piece of produce was subjected to PCR. Pieces of transparent double-sided adhesive tape were lightly pressed onto the surface of three other contaminated circles and examined by PCR. Other pieces of adhesive tape were pressed against the surfaces of three other circles and examined by IFA. At concentrations of 100 and 50 oocysts per circle, every produce item examined by PCR of contaminated excised skin was found positive, and every item examined by adhesive tape subjected to PCR and IFA was found positive, except one. At ten oocysts per circle, every produce item was found positive by PCR of contaminated excised skin, and all apples, cucumbers, and tomatoes were found positive by adhesive tape subjected to IFA. Detection of low numbers of oocysts on peaches by IFA examination of adhesive tape was problematic because trichomes that cover peaches and impart the fuzzy surface partially restrict the tape from reaching some areas where oocysts adhere. Tape combined with IFA was successful in recovering and identifying oocysts from six areas of laminate countertop where the oocysts had been applied and allowed to dry for 30–60 min. These are the first findings to demonstrate that adhesive tape can be used to recover and identify a protozoan parasite from fresh produce and from a laminate food preparation surface.
Dipicolylamine Complexes of Copper(II): Two Different Coordination Geometries in the Same Unit Cell of Cu(Dipica)(2)(BF(4))(2).

Bright blue Cu(Dipica)2(BF4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with unit cell parameters a = 23.406(6) A, b = 9.338(2) A, c = 25.573(7) A, β = 95.39(2)°, and Z = 8. The structure was solved by conventional Patterson and Fourier methods. The R and Rw values for 5282 observed reflections were 7.06% and 9.10% respectively. Two structurally different complex cations are present in the same unit cell, one hexacoordinate and the other pentacoordinate. In the hexacoordinate cation, the two tridentate bis(2‘-picolyl)amine ligands are trans-facially coordinated with two pyridine nitrogens and the two secondary amine nitrogens situated on four positions in a plane [Cu−Npyr = 2.189(6), 2.146(6) A; Cu−Nsat = 2.207(6), 2.201(5) A]. The remaining two pyridine nitrogens constitute the axis [Cu−Npyr = 2.035(5), 2.038(5) A] in an equatorially expanded pseudooctahedral geometry. The pentacoordinate cation possesses a square-pyramidal configuration, the two secondary nitrogens being mutually cis, with one D...
TonyChopper: a desynchronization package

TonyChopper is an integrated set of tools for digital circuit desynchronization. The core portion of TonyChopper is a tool that reads a gate-level synthesized synchronous digital circuit and transforms it to an asynchronous circuit by implementing a novel desynchronization approach. Pre-layout and post-layout verification tools are also provided in this package. The proposed new asynchronous design method is compatible with conventional synthesis, placement and routing (PnR) and other computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Only a conventional standard cell library is used. Compared to traditional synchronous static CMOS design, the proposed design is highly suitable for very low voltage operation. An auto-sleep strategy is also integrated in the tool for minimizing the leakage power for circuits. Different benchmark circuits were implemented in IBM 130nm technology to show that the design approach used in TonyChopper is highly robust even in the sub-threshold regime. The layout for every benchmark circuit was generated using a Cadence PnR tool. Hspice simulation for both the synchronous benchmark circuit and the desynchronized version provided comparison of the delay, area and leakage power for each benchmark circuit. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for each benchmark circuit to demonstrate high robustness and delay insensitivity for near threshold supply voltages with substantial threshold voltage (V T ) variations.
Combining impedance spectroscopy with cyclic voltammetry: measurement and analysis of kinetic parameters for faradaic and nonfaradaic reactions on thin-film gold.

The technique of time-resolved impedance spectroscopy can be combined with dc cyclic voltammetry (CV) to study mechanisms and kinetics of electrochemical reactions at solid−liquid interfaces. Utilization of these techniques in a combined framework, however, is based on a number of specific considerations of measurement procedures and data analysis. The present work discusses certain essential elements of this topic, focusing primarily on the analysis of time-resolved impedance spectra where interdependent dc and ac effects of parallel faradaic and nonfaradaic reactions are present under potentiodynamic conditions. A thin gold film is used as a model experimental system where oxidation and reduction of the sample surface is voltage-controlled both in the presence and in the absence of specifically adsorbing Cl- ions in neutral background electrolytes of NaF. Impedance spectra are recorded under transient conditions of CV, and kinetic parameters based on electrode-equivalent circuit models are obtained as f...
Testosterone increases cell nuclear estrogen receptor levels in the brain of the Stanley-Gumbreck pseudohermaphrodite male rat: implications for testosterone modulation of neuroendocrine activity.

Stanley-Gumbreck pseudohermaphrodite (PSH) and normal littermate (NL) male rats were used to study the intracellular processing of androgens in the brain and anterior pituitary gland. Animals received iv injections of [7-3H]testosterone ([3H]T) or [l,2-3H]5α-dihydrotestosterone ([3H]DHT) and were killed 2 h later to assess cell nuclear concentrations of 3H-labeled androgens and estrogens. Although [3H]DHT was present in cell nuclear preparations from the hypothalamus, preoptic area, and amygdala (HPA), and from the pituitary of NL rats given [3H]DHT injections, little or no radioactivity could be recovered from comparable preparations from PSH rats. After [3H]T injections, markedly different3 H-labeled steroid profiles were obtained when tissue homogenate and nuclear pellet extracts were subjected to chromatographic analysis. In the pituitary, nuclear [3H]T and [3H]DHT levels were 25- and 20 -fold higher, respectively, in NL males than in PSH males. The nuclear levels of these androgens were also signific...
Localization of ribophorin II to the endoplasmic reticulum involves both its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains.

Summary Proteins that are concentrated in specific compartments of the endomembrane system in order to exert their organelle-specific function must possess specific localization signals that prevent their transport to distal regions of the exocytic pathway. Some resident proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are known to escape with low efficiency from this organelle to a post ER compartment are recognized by a recycling receptor and brought back to their site of residence. Other ER proteins, however, appear to be retained in the ER by mechanisms that operate in the organelle itself. The mammalian oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) is a protein complex that effects the cotranslational N-glycosylation of newly synthesized polypeptides, and is composed of at least four rough ER-specific membrane proteins: ribophorins I and II (RI and RII), OST48, and Dad1. The mechanism(s) by which the subunits of this complex are retained in the ER are not well understood. In an effort to identify the domains within RII responsible for its ER localization we have studied the fate of chimeric proteins in which one or more RII domains were replaced by the corresponding ones of the Tac antigen, the latter being a well characterized plasma membrane protein that lacks intrinsic ER retention signals and serves to provide a neutral framework for the identification of retention signals in other proteins. We found that the luminal domain of RII by itself does not contain retention information, while the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains contain independent ER localization signals. We also show that the retention function of the transmembrane domain is strengthened by the presence of a flanking luminal region consisting of 15 amino acids.
EPISTEMIC REFLECTIONS ON THE “INFORMAL ECONOMY”

It is fascinating to think about the growth of the literature on the informal economy since Hart and Ferman and Ferman first considered the problem in very different contexts in the early 1970's. In fact some intellectual history would probably be appealing for students of this literature. Irrespective of the knowledge gained from conducting an intellectual history, social scientists should be aware that many, if not most, of the empirical and theoretical problems they study have roots in different philosophical problems (Leaf, 1979). The “informal” economy is no exception. To situate the following collection of articles on the informal economy in one useful philosophical context, I will discuss in this introduction two distinct strategies of social science investigation. Having spelled out these strategies, I will then consider how each of the papers stands in relation to them.
Optical design and simulation for nanoscale Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) for high-brightness LED

A comprehensive model for distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) based on thin film optics is developed. Detailed refractive index calculations for GaN, AlN, AlGaN and InGaN are included in this model. Our model can predict DBR performances for index variations, layer thickness fluctuations, and different numbers of quarter-wave stack pairs in a DBR.
X-ray microtomographic studies of pore structure and permeability in Portland cement concrete

The pore structure of concrete has long been recognized as the key to a wide range of different mechanical, physical and chemical properties. However, the finite range of the different interrogation techniques for measuring pore structure has always limited our overall picture. In order to add to that picture, a high resolution, three-dimensional imaging technique called x-ray microtomography was employed as a way to link measurable microstructural features with alternate measurements of permeability in different concrete systems. Four different concretes were imaged at spatial resolutions between 1 and 4 microns. Using 3D image analysis techniques, the pore system was characterized by size distribution and connectivity. A parameter we termed “disconnected pore distance” correlated well with standard measures of chloride permeability.
Simplified passive element arc supply for the duo-plasmatron ion source☆

Abstract Construction of a duo-plasmatron1) ion source in this laboratory has prompted consideration of the arc supply from the standpoint of simplicity, reliability and electrical efficiency. The latter is of particular importance because of power limitations and the necessity for minimizing dissipation in the accelerator terminal. A power supply having an output impedance characteristic which is substantially resistive can be made with passive elements and operate with less power dissipation than the equivalent physical resistor.
SENTENTIALISM AND BERKELEY'S MASTER ARGUMENT

Sententialism is the view that intensional positions in natural languages occur within clausal complements only. According to proponents of this view, intensional transitive verbs such as ‘want’, ‘seek’ or ‘resemble’ are actually propositional attitude verbs in disguise. I argue that ‘conceive’ (and a few other verbs) cannot fit this mould: conceiving-of is not reducible to conceiving-that. I offer a new diagnosis of where Berkeley's ‘master argument’ goes astray, analysing what is odd about saying that Hylas conceives a tree which is not conceived. A sententialist semantics cannot account for the absurdity in attitude ascriptions of this type: we need to acknowledge irreducibly non-propositional (but none the less de dicto) conceiving.
Stable co-transformation of maize protoplasts with gusA and neo genes

An efficient co-transformation protocol using polyethylene glycol was developed for Zea mays L. (cv. A188 x BMS) protoplasts isolated from suspension culture cells. Co-transformation was accomplished by using plasmid constructions containing beta-glucuronidase (gusA) or neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) gene coding sequences; both were under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Protoplast culture and transformation conditions were optimized to assure efficient recovery of transformed cells. The overall efficiency of transformation was 1 x 10(-4) (calculated per viable protoplast plated). Among kanamycin-resistant lines, 50% showed a high level of GUS activity (above one unit). Southern blot hybridization confirmed the presence of numerous gusA and neo coding sequences in the maize genome. In two analyzed lines, integrated sequences appeared to be organized in tandem head-to-tail repeats. Results also indicated that the integrated sequences were partially methylated.
Effect of Discontinuities on a Room-and-Pillar Coal Mine Plan: ABSTRACT

The highest safe extraction ratio is the goal of coal mine planning. This may be affected substantially by the interaction of regional in-situ stress with coal-measure discontinuities such as faults, interbedded weak and strong strata, rolls, and sandstone channels. The effect of discontinuities is to interrupt or concentrate the mechanics of stress transfer and cave development during coal extraction, often resulting in a costly change in mining plan. Heavy ground conditions were encountered when extracting pillars during retreat in a room-and-pillar panel at a mine in central Utah, resulting in the decision to bypass about 25% of the coal within the panel. Conditions which led to abandonment of the central portion of the End_Page 1172------------------------------ panel were observed in data obtained from instruments installed for subsidence monitoring purposes on the surface, in the overburden, and underground. Instrumentation included strain measurement at the surface and both absolute and relative stress measurement at mine level. Data from tape extensometer readings, overcoring, and borehole pressure cells support a rotated fault-block hypothesis. In the mine area, frequent nearly vertical faults are present and can be located on satellite imagery. Two major faults are present and can be located on satellite imagery. Two major faults striking obliquely across the panel appear to have isolated a block of rock that rotated toward the gob at the north end of the panel as mining progressed, creating adverse loading conditions at mine level. The combination of satellite imagery, ground mapping during mining, and selected instrumentation may hold some potential for improved mine development in areas experiencing similar ground control problems due to the interception of geologic discontinuities. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1173------------
Pitch catch ultrasonic bond sensor for the in-situ tow placement consolidation of thermoplastic laminates

A nondestructive sensor for on-line inspection of laminated composites was developed. In particular, we have developed a repeatable, low cost method for sensing poorly bonded plies as a thermoplastic laminated composite part is formed. The sensor consists of two piezoelectric transducers mounted in a `pitch catch' arrangement. One transducer transmits an ultrasonic signal and the other receives the signal. Each transducer is mounted on a Acrylic wedge. The Acrylic wedge, in turn, is mounted on a steel wedge. The Acrylic wedge angle is selected so as to excite a Rayleigh wave in the steel wedge. The steel wedge introduces the Rayleigh wave into the composite via Hertzian contact. There is no couplant at the composite surface. Received signals have been analyzed for frequency shift, frequency filtering, attenuation and changes in wave speed. Of these signal analysis methods, the most consistent indicators of poorly bonded regions are signal attenuation and wave speed. Selected results from an extensive experimental study are described. These results indicate that the Rayleigh wave speed and amplitude are indicative of the bond strength of a ply near the surface of the composite.
Phonemic false evaluation: Theoretical and clinical aspects

The phenomenon of phonemic false evaluation has been appreciated since the latter part of the 19th century, when it was first observed that hearers quite often assign speech sounds produced by speakers to phonemic units different from the ones intended by speakers. This speaker-hearer mismatch had occasioned serious problems for the first linguistic analyses of American Indian languages. Early in the 20th century, N. Trubetzkoy coined the term ‘phonemic false evaluation’, and elaborated upon it in his characterizations and comparisons of the phonological systems of a vast array of languages of the world. The present paper is an attempt to show that phonemic false evaluation can represent a stumbling block in the analysis of aphasia, since as we demonstrate, many subphonemic articulatory aberrations produced by aphasic speakers are perceived by hearers as higher level phonemic substitutions—substitutions quite often never intended by the aphasic. The theoretical and diagnostic consequences of phonemic fals...
Tongue-able interfaces: evaluating techniques for a camera based tongue gesture input system

Tongue-computer interaction techniques create a new pathway between the human and the computer, with particular utility for people with upper limb impairment. This study investigated the usability problems of camera-based tongue computer interface reflected through the user behavior and participants' feedback; specifically the exploration of referential techniques to make users aware of their tongue position and help adjust their gesture. Pros and cons of the referential strategies are discussed to foster future assistive tongue-computer interface design.
Coupled-channel α-decay theory for odd-mass nuclei: 253Es and 255Fm

Abstract An exact numerical coupled-channel integration treatment has been applied to the α-decay of odd-mass spheroidal nuclei. The only noncentral coupling of importance between an emitted α-particle and rotational final states in the daughter nucleus involves the intrinsic quadrupole moment of the daughter. The nuclei 253 Es and 255 Fm are ideal cases to examine since α-transitions to the favored bands are well known and angular distribution data from low-temperature nuclear alignment are available. We examined in detail two commonly used approximations: first, that near the nuclear surface there is zero projection of orbital angular momentum of favored α-waves along the cylindrical symmetry axis of the daughter nucleus and second, that the intensity of each α-particle l -wave is proportional to the product of a squared Clebsch-Gordan coefficient and the (calculated) spherical barrier penetrability factor. It is found that neither approximation holds within experimental error, and m l ≠ 0 α-wave components must be introduced at the nuclear surface to give agreement with experimental intensities for both l = 2 and l = 4 waves.
Acute toxic effects of sodium selenate on the epiphyseal plate of the rat.

Severe histopathological irregularities in the epiphyseal plates of rats became evident following three daily injections of sublethal amounts of sodium selenate. If administered on alternate days over a thirty-day period, the pathological effects are less pronounced. The articular cartilages are unaffected by the selenate. An attempt was made to influence a transplantable murine chondrosarcoma by chronic administration of sodium selenate to tumorbearing mice. The sodium selenate had no effect on the tumor.
Rich man, poor man: resources on globalization

Globalization is often described as one of the most significant trends of our time, with far‐reaching consequences for mankind. This is an introduction to the topic and includes an essay and a selected, annotated bibliography. In the essay, the author provides a definition of globalization as an economic trend with social, political, environmental and cultural consequences. Many view it as a clear “good or bad” and this introduction explains why it is controversial, so much so that it has inspired both strong supporters and passionate foes. The role of multinational corporations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization in globalization is discussed. An annotated bibliography of 30 current books, almost all published in 2000 or more recently, representing different perspectives and issues related to globalization, is provided.
n-Doping of organic electronic materials using air-stable organometallics.

Air-stable dimers of sandwich compounds including rhodocene and (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(arene)ruthenium and iron derivatives can be used for n-doping electron-transport materials with electron affinities as small as 2.8 eV. A p-i-n homojunction diode based on copper phthalocyanine and using rhodocene dimer as n-dopant shows a rectification ratio of greater than 10(6) at 4 V.
Question order effects in measuring service quality

Abstract Service quality measurement plays an important role in assessing service performance, diagnosing service problems, managing service delivery, and determining employee and corporate rewards. This study examined question order effects on service quality measurement of three services, banking, hair salons, and dental services. We found assimilation effects for overall service quality items in banking and hair salons, and contrast effects for specific questions (SERVQUAL) in banking. Furthermore, the difference in SERVQUAL means was the result of changes in the performance items, not the expectations items. The results highlight the importance of academic researchers and practitioners considering question order when designing and administering service quality questionnaires. Future research should examine the generalizability of these results across other service industries.
Hexachlorobenzene retention and excretion by dairy cows.

Abstract Two groups of three cows each were fed either 5 or 25mg of hexachlorobenzene per day for 60 days. A reference compound, DDE (l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis( p -chlorophenyl)ethylene), was fed to the cows at the same rate. Residues were determined in milk at 5-day intervals during the 60-day dosing period and for 60 days after dosing was stopped. The concentration of hexachlorobenzene in milk fat increased more slowly than did that of the reference compound during feeding. The ratio of the two was 1:2 at 10 days, but approached 1:1 after 40 days of feeding. The average concentrations in milk fat for the 40th to 60th days of feeding were 9.0 and 10.4ppm with the 25-mg/day intake and 2.1ppm for each compound with the 5-mg/day intake. Corresponding values in subcutaneous body fat were 8.8, 8.0, 1.9, and 1.4ppm at 60 days. Milk fat concentrations of hexachlorobenzene declined 32% and those of the reference 51% within 15 days after feeding stopped. Thereafter, the decline was slower but similar for both compounds. Biological half-lives ranged from 29 to 64 days for individual cows. The milk fat:body fat concentration ratio was .87:1 for hexachlorobenzene and .71:1 for the reference during the 60 days when cows were not fed the compounds.
Genetic architecture of human pain perception

Pain is emotionally detrimental and consciously avoided; however, it is absolutely crucial for our survival. Pain perception is one of the most complicated measurable traits because it is an aggregate of several phenotypes associated with peripheral and central nervous system dynamics, stress responsiveness and inflammatory state. As a complex trait, it is expected to have a polygenic nature shaped by environmental pressures. Here we discuss what is known about these contributing genetic variants, including recent discoveries that show a crucial role of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 in pain perception and how we can advance our understanding of the pain genetic network. We propose how both rare deleterious genetic variants and common genetic polymorphisms are mediators of human pain perception and clinical pain phenotypes.
Leukotrienes mediate neurogenic inflammation in lungs of young rats infected with respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection potentiates neurogenic inflammation in rat airways. Because some vascular effects of sensory nerves are mediated by cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), we s...
GHz AlN lateral overmoded bulk acoustic wave resonators with a f · Q of 1.17 × 10 13

This work presents a new class of devices, AlN-based lateral overmoded bulk acoustic wave resonators (LO-BAR), to investigate the Q limit imposed by the intrinsic loss of thin film AlN. The LOBAR devices utilize a rectangular AlN thin film plate with a small percentage (0.57%) inter-digitated transducer (IDT) fingers coverage to minimize the piezoelectric-metal interface loss. This design experimentally pushes the f · Q product value (1.17×1013) for thin-film AlN to magnitude level close to the theoretical limit predicted by the Akhizer effect (AKE) for AlN (2.5–5 × 1013). To study the performance of the LOBAR design, the IDT to rectangular plate coverage ratio was varied. The results have shown that the Q of the LOBAR device scales nonlinearly and inversely with coverage ratio. Measurement of the highest Q LOBAR device for temperatures varying between 300 and 400 K have indicated that the AlN LOBAR has a temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of −16.25 ppm/K, and phonon-phonon dissipation (AKE) is not yet the dominant loss mechanism.
Patterns of human gene expression variance show strong associations with signaling network hierarchy

Background Understanding organizational principles of cellular networks is one of the central goals of systems biology. Although much has been learnt about gene expression programs under specific conditions, global patterns of expressional variation (EV) of genes and their relationship to cellular functions and physiological responses is poorly understood.
Electromyographic evaluation of the external anal sphincter muscle in rectovaginal constriction in Jersey cattle.

Summary Electromyographic evaluation of the external anal sphincter muscle in Jersey cows revealed no significant difference in the amplitude or duration of individual motor unit potentials in rectovaginal constriction (RVC) carrier cows compared with normal cows. The mean amplitude of the potentials in these cows was 1.51 mV, and the mean duration was 2.61 ras. There was a significant difference in the power spectral analysis of these 2 groups. However, because of the overlap in values, EMG has limited utility in the identification of heterozygous RCV carrier cows. Zusammenfassung Elektromyographische Untersuchung der Muskulatur des externen analen Sphincters bei Jersey-Kuhen mit rectovaginaler Konstriktion Die elektromyographische Untersuchung der Muskulatur des externen analen Sphincters erbrachte bezuglich der Amplitude und Dauer der Potentiale der einzelnen motorischen Einheiten zwischen Kuhen mit rectovaginaler Konstriktion (RVC) im Stammbaum und normalen Kuhen keine Unterschiede. Die mittlere Amplitude der Potentiale betrug bei den RVC-Kuhen 1,51 mV, die mittlere Dauer 2,61 ms. Bei der Analyse des Potentialspektrums ergab sich ein signifikanter Gruppenunterschied. Wegen der Uberlagerung der Werte ist das EMG jedoch fur die Identifizierung heterozygoter RVC-Kuhe nur eingeschrankt brauchbar.
Linguicism and Racism in Massachusetts Education Policy.

The paper presents a frame analysis of Massachusetts state policy regarding the education of multilingual learners and their teachers through the lens of critical race t heory (CRT). My analysis suggests that even though current policy in Massachusetts is framed in terms of the overarching goals of educational quality and equality, in reality it substantively sanctions inequitable practices. This paper demonstrates that racism and linguicism towards multilingual learners are legally sanctioned in Massachusetts public schools as a
Diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) hypersensitivity with infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and jaundice

Abstract An instance of an allergic reaction to diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) is described which was attended by a peripheral blood picture simulating infectious mononucleosis and by hepatic damage with clinical jaundice. After recovery, re-administration of a 100 mg. dose of the drug induced acute fever, lymph node swelling, and eosinophilia. Efforts to demonstrate sensitivity to Dilantin by means of passive transfer tests, precipitin reactions, and complement fixation tests were unrewarding.
Evaluation of Her-2/neu status in carcinomas with amplified chromosome 17 centromere locus.

Accurate assessment of Her-2/neu (erb-b2) status in breast carcinoma is essential for therapy planning. Clinical assays are targeted at protein overexpression (immunohistochemical analysis) or gene amplification (fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]). Cases with aberrant FISH signal patterns are problematic and may lead to underreporting of Her-2/neu amplification. We performed FISH with additional chromosome 17 probes, SMS (Smith-Magenis syndrome critical region) and RARA (retinoic acid receptor), on 7 cases
Scaling Laws for RFQ Design Procedures

Scaling laws are relations between accelerator parameters (electric field, rf wavelength etc.) and beam parameters (current, energy, emittance, etc.) that define surfaces of constant accelerator performance in parameter space. These scaling laws can act as guides for designing radio-frequency quadrupoles (RFQs). We derive several scaling relations to show the various tradeoffs involved in choosing RFQ designs and to provide curves to help choose starting points in parameter space for optimizing an RFQ for a particular requirement. We show that there is a unique scaling curve, at a synchronous particle phase of -90°, that relates the beam current, emittance, particle mass, and space-charge tune depression with the RFQ frequency and maximum vane-tip electric field, provided that we assume equipartitioning and equal longitudinal and transverse tune depressions. This scaling curve indicates the maximum performance limit one can expect at any point in any given RFQ. We show several examples for designing RFQs using this procedure.
A prospective analysis of alcohol consumption and onset of perimenopause

Objectives: We prospectively assessed the association between alcohol consumption and onset of perimenopause in women of late reproductive age using data from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles. Specific types of alcoholic beverages – red wine, white wine, beer, and liquor – were evaluated. Methods: Among 502 women aged 36–45 years residing in seven Boston communities, we assessed self-reported perimenopausal symptoms over a 5-year period. The onset of perimenopause was defined using changes in menstrual characteristics. We administered a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at enrollment to measure regular alcohol consumption during the past year. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were derived from Cox regression models. Results: No association was found between total alcohol consumption and time to perimenopause. Compared with women consuming <1 alcoholic drink per month, HRs for those drinking red wine in quantities of 1–3 glasses per month, 1 glass per week, or ≥2 glasses per week were all below 1.0, after accounting for other sources of alcohol. Among never smokers, the inverse association with red wine was stronger and a positive association was observed with liquor consumption although numbers were small. No associations were observed with white wine or beer. Conclusion: While there was no association between total alcohol consumption and onset of perimenopause, there was some suggestion of an inverse association between red wine and risk of perimenopause, particularly among never smokers.
Brain Imaging in Normal Aging and in Alzheimer’s Disease

Imaging the Alzheimer’s brain as well as the brain of other patients with neurodegenerative diseases is a non-invasive method with the potentials to describe the progression of disease, to understand mechanisms of disease and to evaluate the efficacy of proposed therapies. Below the various methods of imaging are discussed from the viewpoints of how they work and how they have been used or could be used in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A concise synopsis is given at the end of this chapter for the student and researcher interested in the main conclusions of the 1990’s. More details of the methodologies can be found in a recent chapter (Budinger, 1996) devoted to the study of applications of neuroimaging in AD. This publication is a condensed version of this chapter with new information on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Locomotor Training Progression and Outcomes After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Background and Purpose. The use of locomotor training with a body-weight–support system and treadmill (BWST) and manual assistance has increased in rehabilitation. The purpose of this case report is to describe the process for retraining walking in a person with an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) using the BWST and transferring skills from the BWST to overground assessment and community ambulation. Case Description. Following discharge from rehabilitation, a man with an incomplete SCI at C5–6 and an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale classification of D participated in 45 sessions of locomotor training. Outcomes. Walking speed and independence improved from 0.19 m/s as a home ambulator using a rolling walker and a right ankle-foot orthosis to 1.01 m/s as a full-time ambulator using a cane only for community mobility. Walking activity (X±SD) per 24 hours increased from 1,054±543 steps to 3,924±1,629 steps. Discussion. In a person with an incomplete SCI, walking ability improved after locomotor training that used a decision-making algorithm and progression across training environments.
Surveying: The Profession and Its Requirements

Two definitions of surveying are discussed. The A.S.C.E. definition which is a broad definition that includes a. land surveying, b. engineering surveyors, c. cartographic surveying, aerial surveying services, and cartography; and a definition typical of those used by boards of registration that is confined to land surveying are presented. The requirements depend on the definition. Whatever definition of surveying is used by a state board of registration, the board is obligated to assure that professional areas of practice permitted by the registered surveyor are reflected in the requirements for education, experience and examination.
Immunomodulation for treatment of drug and device refractory gastroparesis.

Objective Patients with generalized autoimmune dysautonomia may also present with gastroparesis. Immune dysfunction in such patients can be evaluated using antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and full thickness biopsy of stomach. In this study, we utilize immunotherapy for treatment of drug and Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES) resistant gastroparetic patients with evidence of neuroinflammation on full thickness gastric biopsy and had positive GAD65 autoantibodies.
Study of Homogeneous Condensation of Water in Supersonic Expansions using Molecular Dynamics

A model of homogeneous condensation of water vapor in supersonic expansions was revisited to improve the kinetic parameters of smaller clusters. Monte Carlo Canonical Ensemble (MCCE) simulation provided potential energies and constant volume heat capacities for small water clusters. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were carried to study the evaporation of water clusters, and evaporation energies were calculated. It was found that the computed cluster evaporation rates showed good agreement with Unimolecular Dissociation Theory. MCCE and MD results were integrated into direct simulation Monte Carlo simulations. Simulated Rayleigh scattering intensity data and terminal dimer mole fraction data for an expansion flow were compared with experimental data to test the models results.
Sintering Behavior of Ba2CaWO6-Doped-Tungsten

The sintering behavior of Ba2CaWO6 co-sintered with W powder was investigated. Measurements of density and mass loss of sintered compacts showed that the Ba2CaWO6-doped-W had a lower density than undoped W and that there was little volatilization of Ba2CaWO6 at temperatures below 1750 °C. The activation energies for densification of Ba2CaWO6-doped-W and undoped W were both measured to be 389 kJ/mol, which indicates the same densification mechanism, grain boundary diffusion, operated for both materials. The reduced densification kinetics of the Ba2CaWO6-doped-W was probably due to increased coarsening in the early stages of sintering.
Design of small target detection system in infrared image based on DSP and FPGA

An algorithm for detecting the small infrared target was researched.We have analysed the morphologic Top-hat operator in the first,and use a method of Otsu to make the threshold,which is used to divide up the image and detect the small infrared target.The Matlab simulation shows that the method can raise the successful rate of detecting the small infrared target in a certain extent,and by the analysing the results,we find this method can not only be applied to single scene,but also can increase the robustness of object detection in some extent.At the same time,we describe a system of infrared image processing based on DSP and FPGA.The system can meet the requirements of timeliness and flexibility in some extent,and have strong versatility and scalability.The paper introduces the overall structure of the system,and gives the components of the system hardware parts,and describes the relation of data transfer in various parts at the same time.
Research on Safety Action Power of Out-tripping Relay

Through the analysis and comparison of field data obtained from actual measurement,the interference source properties of important relay protection's out-tripping relay and switching input optical couple that generating mal-operation are analytically demonstrated.The corresponding relationship between the safety action power of important relay protection's out-tripping relay and switching input optical couple and the length of external cable is analyzed.The results show that its safety action power not only relates to the length of external power cable,but also relates to the action time.It is proposed to add action time delay of no more than 2 ms on important switching input optical couple logic,replace the middle relay by fast middle relay with less than 2 ms action time,under the premise of the guarantee of safety action power,furthermore,to enhance the safety equipment performance of the protection device.
Integrated mosquito control in a military maneuver field

Objective To control the density of mosquitoes,prevent vector-borne disease and ensure the army power.Methods Investigating breeding sites,environment improvement,chemical control,individual protection and integrated control.Results The density of mosquitoes decreased by 96.1% one hour after ultralow volume spraying and constant spraying outdoors.The number of mosquitoes lighting on the nets decreased from 6.70 to 0-0.43 pieces per net,blood sucking rate reduced from 26.68% to 0-4.17%,and the protection was up to 95% forty days after the treatment of net with insecticides.The soldiers on duty could be protected for 6 h after the application of repellent.Conclusion Environment improvement should be the basic measure for mosquitoes control.Chemical control is still important when quick control is in need.
Motivation and Marathon Running

In recent years, marathon running has become a sport for the masses. Over the past 35 years, the median finishing time for a U.S. marathon slowed by 47 min (for males), the median age for male marathoners increased from 34 (1980) to 40 years (2014), and the number of marathon finishers grew from an estimated 143,000 (1980) to over 550,000 (2014) (Running USA in 2014 Running USA annual marathon report, 2015). With slower finishing times, older participants, and dramatic increases in marathon participation rates, it is evident that marathon running has become a popular endeavor for individuals of all ages and athletic abilities. Given the appeal of marathon running, it seems worth asking the question: “why are so many individuals motivated to undertake such a grueling activity?” The issue of motivation among marathoners provides the focus of this chapter. In particular, the chapter is divided into four sections. First, as the term ‘motivation’ has been used to refer to an array of conceptually distinct constructs, we provide a scientifically sound definition of the construct. Second, the chapter focuses on empirical research examining the issue of why individuals choose to participate in marathon training and running. Here the discussion centers on three main issues including: the measurement of motivation in marathon runners; participation motives for engaging in marathon training and racing; and the relationship between motives for marathon running and marathon performance. Third, we examine detrimental outcomes associated with excessive motivation for marathon training. Finally, we highlight a number of directions for future research and provide a chapter summary.
The Amino Acid Sequence of the Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

The staphylococci produce many biologically active substances among which are the staphylococcal enterotoxins, the causative agents of staphylococcal food poisoning. The ingestion of these substances by humans produces a variety of symptoms, the most common being vomiting and diarrhea in 2–6 hr. Although this illness is not a reportable disease in the United States, a large percentage of food-borne illnesses that are reported are caused by the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins.
Electrodermal Activity Analysis for Training of Military Tactics

This study examined the differences in the electrodermal activity (EDA) of 19 ROTC cadets viewing a 2D or 3D perspective display. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) were analyzed using a multistep visual analytic process and coded according to participant and condition. Results show non-significant differences SCRs between conditions, however since it is only an initial study, more research needs to be done before definitive conclusions can be made. Future investigations involving mixed method research design are discussed with a specific emphasis on user engagement and workload. The results of this initial study will be incorporated into future research with the United States Military Academy at West Point.
Nanoplasmonic sensing on DNA topological structure functionalized nanoporous gold disks

We present nanoplasmonic sensor designs and implementations based on DNA topological structures functionalized nanoporous gold disks. Using conformational changes, low abundance breast cancer DNA biomarkers can be detected via a homogeneous assay. Using G-quadruplex, small molecules can be detected in a label-free fashion.
Nutritional status and weakness following pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation

Survivorship after pediatric HCT has increased over the past decade. Focus on long-term care and well-being remains critical due to risk of poor dietary habits and exaggerated sedentary behavior, which can lead to muscle weakness, increased risk for obesity, and cardiometabolic disorders. Nutrition and physical activity are key factors in survivorship; however, data are limited. Comprehensive nutritional assessments, including nutrition-focused physical examination, grip strength, and food/activity surveys, were completed in 36 pediatric HCT survivors (aged 2-25 years). Patients were divided into undernutrition, normal-nutrition, and overnutrition categories. Fifty percent of participants were classified as normal nutrition, 22% undernutrition, and 28% overnutrition. Few patients met the U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommended intake for vegetables, fiber, saturated fat, and So FAS. Patients in the undernutrition group demonstrated significantly lower grip strength than those in the normal- and overnutrition groups. When grip strength was normalized to body mass, patients in the overnutrition group had the highest prevalence of weakness. Using NHANES reference data, maximum grip strength and NGS cutoffs were identified that could significantly distinguish the nutrition groups. Comprehensive nutritional assessments and grip strength measurements are feasible, non-invasive, easy to perform, and inform both under- and overnutrition in pediatric HCT survivors.
Effects of N-Acetylcysteine in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract We previously showed that the plasma of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) contains an elevated quantity of von Willebrand factor (VWF) with high specific adhesive activity (as measured by the binding of nanobody AU/VWFa-11). Total active VWF (VWF antigen multiplied by VWF specific activity) correlated with the extent of hemolysis in these patients (Chen J. et al., Blood, 2011, 117:3680). In another study, we showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced VWF size and activity ex vivo and broke down platelet–VWF aggregates in vivo in mice (Chen J. et al, JCI, 2011, 121:522). Given the possibility that VWF is involved in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, we are examining whether NAC can benefit these patients. We are first conducting a pilot clinical trial to determine the safety profile of infused NAC and its effects on laboratory endpoints. Five SCD patients at disease baseline and not recently transfused will be enrolled. To date, two patients have completed intravenous infusion of NAC at a low dose of 150 mg/kg with a bolus infusion of 75 mg/kg for the 1st hr and 75 mg/kg for 7 hr. Approximately one month after the low-dose infusion, these patients received another infusion of 300 mg/kg given as a bolus infusion of 150 mg/kg for the 1st hr and 150 mg/kg for 7 hr. Blood was collected for analysis immediately before the infusion, at 1 hr (after bolus infusion), 8 hr, 24 hr, and 72 hr after infusion. Among the parameters examined were plasma VWF, red blood cell concentration, density, and size (to look for fragments), and the concentrations of NAC, cysteine and glutathione and their oxidized and mixed disulfide forms. In these two patients, the NAC infusion was well tolerated except that both patients experienced pruritus during the higher-dose bolus infusion. We measured the concentrations of reduced and oxidized NAC, cysteine, and glutathione in whole blood in the first study subject by mass spectrometry. NAC concentrations were 725 μM and 1.58 mM at the 1 hr time point at the low and high doses, respectively. Compared to the baseline (before NAC infusion), the concentration of total cysteine in blood was increased 2.4 fold for low dose and 2.9 fold for high dose at 1 hr and returned to baseline at 8 hr. The concentration of total glutathione in whole blood was increased 1.5 fold and 1.3 fold at 24, and 72 hr, respectively, for the high dose infusion but did not change much at the low dose infusion. The size of high molecular weight VWF multimers decreased with the high dose infusion, the effect being obvious at 1 hr. In addition, NAC infusion markedly reduced the concentration of red cell fragments and dense cells. Both of these effects were very rapid, being observable at the 1 hr time point. In summary, NAC infusion in sickle cell patients at disease baseline appears safe. NAC increases the concentrations of total cysteine and glutathione in blood, reduces high molecular weight VWF multimers, and decreases the number of dense red blood cells and the extent of red cell fragmentation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.