cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dirichlet PageRank

PageRank has been known to be a successful algorithm in ranking web sources. In order to avoid the rank sink problem, PageRank assumes that a surfer, being in a page, jumps to a random page with a certain probability. In the standard PageRank algorithm, the jumping probabilities are assumed to be the same for all the pages, regardless of the page properties. This is not the case in the real world, since presumably a surfer would more likely follow the out-links of a high-quality hub page than follow the links of a low-quality one. In this poster, we propose a novel algorithm "Dirichlet PageRank" to address this problem by adapting exible jumping probabilities based on the number of out-links in a page. Empirical results on TREC data show that our method outperforms the standard PageRank algorithm.
Response of growing rats to diets varying in magnesium, potassium and protein content.

SummaryDietary magnesium, potassium and protein interactions were studied in weanling rats. Growth rate, efficiency of feed utilization, and blood serum magnesium and calcium levels were significantly lower in rats fed a magnesium-deficient diet than in those fed a similar magnesium-adequate diet. A diet containing 4 times as much potassium (8132 mg/kg) increased the serum magnesium level 60% after 28 days (1.0 vs. 1.6 mg%) and 90% after 56 days (0.9 vs 1.7 mg%) indicating an inhibition by potassium of the reduction in serum magnesium associated with consumption of magnesium-deficient diet. Typical gross magnesium deficiency symptoms, including reddened ears and paws and convulsions lasting 1–5 minutes were observed, however, in all groups fed low magnesium diets regardless of potassium level. Diets containing 20% protein produced significantly greater growth rate than those containing 10% in the presence of adequate magnesium but not during magnesium deficiency. No histological lesions associated with tr...
Comparing the Perspectives of Engineering Students, Business Students, and Faculty Advisors Toward Successful Planning of Capstone Projects

One of the common goals in engineering design education is to provide real-world experiences that mimic the design experiences a student might encounter once graduated. An approach we use in the School of Engineering (SOE) at James Madison University (JMU) is a multidisciplinary pairing of business students from the College of Business and engineering students from the School of Engineering. Engineering and business students are positioned to learn from each other, and to collaborate together as they develop a feasible project plan for a two-year engineering project. In this paper, we present a study investigating the differing perceptions between faculty advisors, engineering students, and business students related to the successful capstone plan development. We hypothesized that each of the different functional groups (business students, engineering students, and faculty advisors) would have different view points on the planning and status of the infant capstone projects. The results indicate that, in the areas of planning and scheduling, the advisors are grouped with the engineering students, and in the areas of directing and controlling, the advisors are grouped with the business students. The time horizon of the students guides how they view unresolved problems with the planning and status of the project. This led to the business students, who were on the project for only one semester, to stand apart in their pessimistic assessment of the planning and scheduling of the project. The engineering students, who are on the project for the full two years, tended to be more optimistic about the directing and controlling aspects of the project.© 2012 ASME
Old mice: marrow response to bleeding or endotoxin.

AbstractPeripheral blood hemoglobin, white cell, and lymphocyte levels decreased significantly with age in healthy female B6D2F1 mice. However, these old mice maintained their hemoglobin levels in the face of chronic blood loss as well as did young mice by releasing younger than normal RBC into the peripheral circulation. In addition, before and after bleeding, the old mice had at least as many marrow and spleen CFU-S and CFU-C as did young mice. Old mice given endotoxin responded with greater elevations of peripheral blood lymphocytes and PMN than did young animals; the response of marrow CFU-S, CFU-C, and T-cell precursors to endotoxin was not impaired in old mice. Indirect evidence suggests that acute bleeding may increase the number of spleen CFU-S and T-cell precursors in old animals.
Explaining Suffrage Mobilization: Balance, Neutralization, and Range in Collective Action Frames, 1892–1919

Growing evidence points to the pivotal role of framing processes in the mobilization of social movements. Our study contributes to framing theory by drawing on data from state-level woman suffrage movements in the U.S. to provide a systematic comparison of the mobilizing capacities of different collective action frames. Specifically, we examine the differential impact of the justice, societal reform, and home protection frames. Rather than assuming that all frames deployed by movements contribute equally to successful mobilization, we distinguish between effective and ineffective frames. Results of cross-sectional time series analyses suggest that the use of the reform frame positively influenced membership growth in state suffrage organizations, while the use of the justice and home protection frames had no effect. We conclude that there are three key determinants of a frame's mobilizing capacity: a balanced (i.e., culturally resonant and oppositional) message, the range of issues addressed, and the effe...
Cyclists Have Greater Chondromalacia Index Than Age-Matched Controls at the Time of Hip Arthroscopy

Purpose To evaluate the clinical symptoms and intraoperative pathology associated with hip pain in the cyclist compared with a matched hip arthroscopy surgical group. Methods In an institutional review board–approved study, we retrospectively reviewed a prospective database of 1,200 consecutive hip arthroscopy patients from 2008 to 2015. Adult patients were identified who reported cycling as a major component of their activity. Patients were age, gender, and body mass index matched to a control, noncycling group. Pain symptoms, preoperative examinations, radiographic and operative findings were compared. Primary outcome variables included the femoral and acetabular Outerbridge chondromalacia grade. Additional outcome measurements included the involved area and the chondromalacia index (CMI; the product of the Outerbridge chondromalacia grade and surface area [mm 2 × severity]). Results A total of 167 noncyclists were matched to the cycling group (n = 16). Cyclists had significantly greater femoral head chondromalacia grade (2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-2.5] v 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3-1.6], P = .043), femoral head chondromalacia area (242 mm 2 [95% CI, 191-293 mm 2 ] v 128 mm 2 [95% CI, 113-141 mm 2 ], P v 247 [95% CI, 208-286], P = .001) assessed intraoperatively. Hip pain in cyclists positively correlated with an increased acetabular center-edge angle ( R = 0.261, P R = 0.305, P R = 0.250, P = .006). Conclusions Cyclists had a greater degree of femoral chondromalacia than a matched group of noncyclists. Cycling activity positively correlated with the presence of femoral chondromalacia with clinically significant gait alterations. These data support the hypothesis that cyclists with hip pain have more chondral pathology than a similar group of other patients with hip pain. Ultimately, cyclists with hip pain should be identified as higher risk for more advanced chondral damage. Level of Evidence Level III, case-control study, therapeutic.
Comparative aspects of neural circuits for inking behavior and gill withdrawal in Aplysia californica

1. Defensive inking behavior and gill withdrawal in ApIysia offer simple test systems in which the cellular and biophysial determinants of elementary behavioral acts can be examined. Since a good deal is known regarding both the behaviors and their underlying neural circuits, it is possible to compare directly these two defensive reflexes at the cellular level. 2. Both the ink and gill motor neurons are activated by tactile or electrical stimulation of the mantle region. At least part of the sensory input is mediated by previously identified LE, RE, and RF cluster sensory neurons (4, 6). Some sensory neurons make direct monosynaptic connections to both gill and ink motor neurons. 3. In addition to the monosynaptic pathway, both types of motor neurons receive polysynaptic input. R 18 is an example of one excitatory interneuron that produces fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in both ink motor neuron L14 and gill motor neuron L7. 4. Tactile stimulation of the skin also excites a cluster of at least three interneurons, one of which has been identified as L31. L31 produces a slow decreased conductance EPSP in ink motor neuron L14 but appears to make no connection to gill motor neuron L7. 5. In addition to the excitatory input to ink motor neurons, there is a pronounced slow inhibitory input from a cluster of at least five cells, one of which has been identified as L32. In contrast to the predominant slow inhibition of ink motor neurons, L32 produces predominant fast EPSPs in gill motor neuron L7. 6. Tactile stimulation of the skin inhibits L32 and at least part of the inhibition is mediated by the previously identified interneuron L16 ( 18). L16 is weakly electrically coupled to ink motor neuron L14 but not to gill motor neuron L7. 7. The two circuits utilize common sensory neurons and interneurons and are mediated by both monoand polysynaptic pathways. However, some neurons (L32) have different synaptic actions on each type of motor neuron, others (L3 1) appear to be used for one circuit and not the other, while one neuron (L16) is electrically coupled to ink motor neuron L14 but not to gill motor neuron L7. In addition, the ink motor neurons are electrically coupled while the gill motor neurons are not (9, 11). Furthermore, the ink motor neurons have intrinsic biophysical properties, which contribute to their firing pattern (2, 9, 12). Thus, while some general features of organization of these reflexes are common, specific differences have developed that contribute to differences in the expression of the two behaviors (11, 26).
Survey on Clinician Perceptions and Practices Regarding Goals of Care Conversations

Abstract Background: Early conversations between clinicians and patients about goals of care may improve patients’ quality of life and prevent nonbeneficial care near the end of life, but these conversations are limited in frequency and scope. To address this issue, clinicians are increasingly asked to use standardized medical order forms, like the Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST), to document end-of-life conversations and to help ensure that patients’ wishes are realized. In kind, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recently decided to reimburse physicians as well as nurse practitioners and physician assistants for these conversations. Objective: To explore physicians’ and advanced practitioners’ (APs’) attitudes and behaviors around initiating and documenting goals of care conversations and to identify targets for improvement. Design: Online survey administered between October 1, 2014 and February 20, 2015. Setting/Subjects: Physicians (n = 2492) and APs (n = 336) at an ur...
Temperance Politics in Britain and America

In a 1905 speech before the Baptist World Congress, George White, a Liberal member of the British Parliament, expressed an opinion about alcohol which was widely shared by evangelicals on both sides of the Atlantic: ‘The centre of operation against this monster evil should undoubtedly be the Christian churches. We exist to fight the devil in all his works, and this drink evil is undoubtedly his greatest masterpiece.’1 By 1905, most evangelicals had become convinced that the only solution to the ‘alcohol evil’ was the total prohibition of its sale and consumption. How was it that these transatlantic Christians came to share a religious condemnation of drinking and why did they conclude that they had a religious obligation to impose their temperance ethic on an entire nation?
Patient Experiences of Recovery After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Qualitative Study

Context: The recovery process after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can be challenging for patients and clinicians alike due to significant functional limitations and a lengthy healing ti...
Whipple’s Disease

Whipple’s disease is a rare systemic disorder caused by the organism Tropheryma whippelii. Ocular involvement has been reported in approximately 5 % of patients afflicted with the infection. The diagnosis is established via small intestine biopsy demonstrating periodic acid-Schiff macrophages in the lamina propria. Polymerse chain reaction testing from saliva, blood, and ocular fluid is highly sensitive for detection of the organism but not highly specific. The treatment of choice is 14 days of intravenous penicillin therapy followed by one year of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The associated ocular inflammation can be treated with topical, regional, or systemic steroids.
Collaborative IDS Configuration: A Two-Layer Game-Theoretical Approach

As information systems become ubiquitous, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have assumed increasing importance. As a result, substantial amount of research efforts have been devoted to developing various intrusion detection algorithms. However, there is still no single detection algorithm that can catch all possible attacks. On the other hand, it is infeasible for practical IDSs to run all the detection algorithms simultaneously due to resource limitation, leaving potential opportunities for the adversaries to explore. This resource scarcity problem becomes more severe when the system is in an ill state (e.g., partially compromised). Enabling collaboration among multiple IDSs may be a viable way to mitigate this problem. Particularly, IDSs in the healthy state can share some of their idle computational resources to those in ill states, so as to improve the overall intrusion detection performance. Considering this, the collaborative IDS configuration problem is formulated as a two-layer stochastic game (SG) in this work and a new algorithm is proposed to solve this two-layer SG. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide an effective collaborative configuration scheme, leading to significant detection performance gain. Some performance analysis has also been given, and the conditions under which there is a guaranteed improvement in expected system performance have been derived.
Actin-Capping and -Severing Proteins

Actin, a major cytoskeletal protein, drives most aspects of cell motility, cell shape, membrane dynamics, and the interactions of a cell with its surroundings. The globular monomeric actin, called G-actin, assembles into filaments (F-actin), which are polar right-handed double-stranded helices. Many cellular actin functions are achieved by dynamic assembly and disassembly of F-actin, which are regulated by a multitude of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). Actin-capping and -severing proteins are special classes of ABPs. Actin-capping proteins stop the filament growth and/or depolymerization at the filament end to which they bind. F-Actin-severing proteins associate with internal subunits to enhance filament fragmentation at or near their binding site. Severing can enhance depolymerization by providing more ends from which subunit dissociation occurs but also can provide more nuclei to enhance filament assembly.
Towards quantitative quasi-static elastography with a gravity-induced deformation source

Biomechanical breast models have been employed for applications in image registration and analysis, breast augmentation simulation, and for surgical and biopsy guidance. Accurate applications of stress-strain relationships of tissue within the breast can improve the accuracy of biomechanical models that attempt to simulate breast movements. Reported stiffness values for adipose, glandular, and cancerous tissue types vary greatly. Variations in reported stiffness properties are mainly due to differences in testing methodologies and assumptions, measurement errors, and natural inter patient differences in tissue elasticity. Therefore, patient specific, in vivo determination of breast tissue properties is ideal for these procedural applications. Many in vivo elastography methods are not quantitative and/or do not measure material properties under deformation conditions that are representative of the procedure being simulated in the model. In this study, we developed an elasticity estimation method that is performed using deformations representative of supine therapeutic procedures. Reconstruction of material properties was performed by iteratively fitting two anatomical images before and after tissue stimulation. The method proposed is work flow friendly, quantitative, and uses a non-contact, gravity-induced deformation source. We tested this material property optimization procedure in a healthy volunteer and in simulation. In simulation, we show that the algorithm can reconstruct properties with errors below 1% for adipose and 5.6% for glandular tissue regardless of the starting stiffness values used as initial guesses. In clinical data, reconstruction errors are higher (3.6% and 24.2%) due to increased noise in the system. In a clinical context, the elastography method was shown to be promising for use in biomechanical model assisted supine procedures.
Change Trajectories of Job Satisfaction Facets Predicting Turnover: A Latent Class Growth Analysis

The present study takes a dynamic approach to the examination of job satisfaction and its influence on subsequent turnover across multiple time points. Using longitudinal job satisfaction data, emp...
Hemophilia Care in the Pediatric Age

Hemophilia is the most common of the severe bleeding disorders and if not properly managed since early infancy can lead to chronic disease and lifelong disabilities. However, it enjoys the most efficacious and safe treatment among the most prevalent monogenic disorders. Hemophilia should be considered in the neonatal period in the case of unusual bleeding or in the case of positive family history. Later, hemophilia should be suspected mainly in males because of abnormal bruising/bleeding or unusual bleeding following invasive procedures—for example, tonsillectomy or circumcision. Prophylactic treatment that is started early with clotting-factor concentrates has been shown to prevent hemophilic arthropathy and is, therefore, the gold standard of care for hemophilia A and B in most countries with adequate resources. Central venous access catheters and arterovenous fistulas play an important role in the management of hemophilia children requiring repeated and/or urgent administration of coagulation factor concentrates. During childhood and adolescence, personalized treatment strategies that suit the patient and his lifestyle are essential to ensure optimal outcomes. Physical activity is important and can contribute to better coordination, endurance, flexibility and strength. The present article focuses also on questions frequently posed to pediatric hematologists like vaccinations, day-care/school access and dental care.
Litter and Crowding Effects on Position Learning by Albino Rats under Low Incentive Motivation

A total of 72 male and female albino rats from litters of 4 or 11 were placed 1, 2, or 4/cage for 44 days, at which time a position response was learned. Prior to learning, food was added to the home cages in an attempt to reduce its incentive value. Under this condition, learning was not affected by density or litter size, although males learned faster than females. In a second experiment, 174 rats from litters of 4, 7, or 11 were placed 1, 2, 3, or 4/cage, with food added, for 59 days, followed by the same position training. Rats housed 1/cage were slower than some housed 2 and 3/cage to reach criterion. Females ran faster on the first nine and criterion trials. Isolates were slower to first consume the reward, but ran faster than rats housed 2 and 3/cage. The results may be interpreted in one of the following ways: the very poor performance by isolated rats accounts for these results; the addition of food did not reduce its incentive value; or learning by older rats is affected more by inter-animal stimulation and that of younger rats by food incentive.
Thermal Transport in Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks

In practice, the usefulness of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for many gas storage applications depends on their ability to rapidly dissipate the heat generated during the exothermic adsorption process. MOFs can be precisely designed to have a wide variety of architectures which can allow tuning their thermal conductivity. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of interpenetration on the thermal conductivity of MOFs. We find that the addition of a parallel thermal transport pathway yields a thermal conductivity nearly the sum of the two constituent frameworks. This relationship holds for a variety of interpenetrating MOFs with different atomic masses and a wide range of interframework interaction parameters. We show that both the strength and range of interactions between constituent frameworks play a significant role in framework mobility as well as framework coupling which can result in deviation from this relationship. We propose a simple model to predict thermal...
FPR using machine learning with multi-feature method

Biometrics authentication is considered as most secure and reliable method to recognise and identify person's identity. Researchers put efforts to find efficient ways to secure and classify the solutions to biometric problems. In this category, fingerprint recognition (FPR) is most widely used biometric trait for person identification/verification. The present work focuses an FPR technique, which uses the grey-level difference method, discrete wavelet transforms and edge histogram descriptor for fingerprint representation and matching. Wavelet shrinkage used for noise removal in the image. Ridge flow estimation is calculated using the gradient approach. SVM and Hamming distance similarity measures are used for recognition. The experiment result has been tested on the standard 2000–2004 fingerprint verification competition dataset and the accuracy of proposed algorithm was reported to be well above 98%.
Improper Use of the Trial Judge as Voucher: Improper Use of Plea Agreements to Vouch

These articles discuss United States v. Harlow, 444 F.3d 1255 (10th Cir. 2006), in connection with: (1) whether a prosecutor acts improperly when he or she uses the trial judge to vouch for the credibility of prosecution witnesses; and (2) the impermissible use of plea agreements to vouch for the credibility of a witness.
Automated theory formation in mathematics

A program called "AM" is described which cairies on simple mathematics research: defining, and studying new concepts under the guidance of a large body of heuiistic rules. The 250 heurKtus communicate via an agenda mechanism, a global priority queue of small bisk', for the program to perform and teasons why each task is plausible (e.g., "Find PENCRAHZTION. of 'prnes', because turued out to be so useful a Concept"). Each concept is an active, structured knowledge module. One bundled very incomplete modules are initially supplied, each one corresponding to an elementary set theoretic concept (e.g., union). This provides a definite but immense space which AM begins to explore. In one boor, AM rediscovers hundreds of common concepts (including singleton sets, natural numbers, arithmetic) and theorems (e.g., unique factorization).
Variation Among Four Health Indices in Natural Populations of the Estuarine Fish, Fundulus heteroclitus (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae), from Five Geographically Proximate Estuaries

Variation among four commonly used health indices was examined in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. The four indices were liver glycogen content (LGC), liver-somatic index (LSI), condition index (K) and RNA–DNA ratio. Fish were collected from five coastal locations in southeastern Connecticut. Fish health, as determined by these four indices, varied considerably among estuaries and between sexes. The relationship between each index and specimen length was significantly different among estuaries for either sex. When regressed against length, the slopes for the indices ranged from positive to negative. For each index, significant differences existed among some of the length-centered means at each estuary for either sex. Estuary rank for one index did not necessarily correlate with the estuary rank for another index. The significance of this variability and its impact on the use of the indices as bioindicators of environmental perturbation is discussed.
A CHECKPOINT TOO FAR: UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF MYOCARDITIS SECONDARY TO IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

We present a case of a patient being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cervical cancer who developed myocarditis. A 62 year-old female with cervical cancer on ipilimumab and nivolumab presented acutely with palpitations. Labs revealed elevated troponin I of 4 and CKMB 8700. She
Characteristics of Veteran and Civilian Suicide Decedents: A Sex-Stratified Analysis.

Introduction Few studies have examined characteristics distinguishing Veteran and civilian suicide decedents. An understanding of unique risk factors for Veteran suicide is critical to develop effective preventive interventions. This is particularly imperative for female Veterans, who have near double the suicide mortality rate of same-aged female civilians. The objectives of this study were to examine whether Veteran and civilian suicide decedents differed on risk factors and suicide-event characteristics, and to determine whether predictors changed based on sex. Methods Data from 116,515 suicides collected by the National Violent Death Reporting System in 27 states between 2003 and 2015 were analyzed in 2018 in sex-stratified analyses. Logistic regression models examined population differences in risk factors and suicide-event characteristics. Results Relative to male civilians, male Veterans were more likely to have a contributing physical health problem (AOR=1.10, 95% CI=1.06, 1.14) and to use a firearm for their suicide (AOR=1.41, 95% CI=1.36, 1.47); they were less likely to have substance use problems (AOR=0.70, 95% CI=0.66, 0.75), depressed mood (AOR=0.93, 95% CI=0.90, 0.97), or financial problems (AOR=0.91, 95% CI=0.86, 0.97). Female Veterans were more likely to use a firearm for their suicide (AOR=1.39, 95% CI=1.19, 1.63) relative to female civilians. Conclusions Firearm use as a suicide method was a key distinguishing feature of Veteran suicide. Means restriction and firearm safety are pertinent to preventing Veteran suicide. Given low utilization of mental health care and frequent presence of physical health problems in this population, safe storage messages may have a greater preventive impact if delivered in primary care or other nonpsychiatric settings.
Optimal Design of Experiments for Precision Agriculture Using a Genetic Algorithm

Variable Rate Application (VRA) is a popular technique in Precision Agriculture used to decrease the amount of fertilizer applied to a specific field while increasing profitability, effectively also reducing environmental impact. VRA tries to determine the rate of fertilizer to apply to different parts of a field based on a variety of factors, such as precipitation, elevation, and previous years’ yield. To determine the appropriate variable nitrogen application rate for a field, experiments have to be conducted that provide data on how certain parts of the field react to specific nitrogen rates. In this research, a VRA of nitrogen is applied to fields of winter wheat in Montana where these experiments require the creation of a prescription map, which creates a grid of the field. The goal of the experiments is to vary nitrogen rate application, to determine how these nitrogen rates affect yield and protein production. However, when creating these prescription maps large jumps between consecutive cells’ nitrogen rates often occur, putting strain on the farming equipment. To reduce the number of jumps while maintaining even distribution of nitrogen rates across different yield and protein bins, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for optimization. The GA uses a multi-objective fitness function aiming to minimize jumps and maintain stratification. The results show that the GA is effective in meeting these goals for the fields studied.
Long-term Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Firefighters After the World Trade Center Disaster.

Importance Published studies examining the association between World Trade Center (WTC) exposure on and after September 11, 2001, and longer-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes have reported mixed findings. Objective To assess whether WTC exposure was associated with elevated CVD risk in Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) firefighters. Design, Settings, and Participants In this cohort study, the association between WTC exposure and the risk of CVD was assessed between September 11, 2001, and December 31, 2017, in FDNY male firefighters. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate CVD risk in association with 2 measures of WTC exposure: arrival time to the WTC site and duration of work at the WTC site. Data analyses were conducted from May 1, 2018, to March 8, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary CVD outcome included myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary artery surgery or angioplasty, or CVD death. The secondary outcome (all CVD) included all primary outcome events or any of the following: transient ischemic attack; stable angina, defined as either use of angina medication or cardiac catheterization without intervention; cardiomyopathy; and other CVD (aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial vascular intervention, and carotid artery surgery). Results There were 489 primary outcome events among 9796 male firefighters (mean [SD] age on September 11, 2001, was 40.3 [7.4] years and 7210 individuals [73.6%] were never smokers). Age-adjusted incident rates of CVD were higher for firefighters with greater WTC exposure. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the primary CVD outcome was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.09-1.90) for the earliest arrival group compared with those who arrived later. Similarly, those who worked at the WTC site for 6 or more months vs those who worked less time at the site were more likely to have a CVD event (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.60). Well-established CVD risk factors, including hypertension (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.80), hypercholesterolemia (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.28-1.91), diabetes (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.33-2.98), and smoking (current: HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.68-2.70; former: HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.23-1.95), were significantly associated with CVD in the multivariable models. Analyses with the all-CVD outcome were similar. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of the study suggest a significant association between greater WTC exposure and long-term CVD risk. The findings appear to reinforce the importance of long-term monitoring of the health of survivors of disasters.
Investigating the factor structure of the child behavior checklist dysregulation profile in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Dysregulation has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, it is necessary to empirically characterize dysregulation and identify psychometrically sound and readily available assessment methods in the ASD population. We sought to evaluate the factor structure of the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP), an established dysregulation measure in neurotypical children that is derived from the CBCL, in a large, clinically referred sample of children, ages 6-18 years, with ASD (n = 727). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to characterize dysregulation and assess the validity of the CBCL-DP in children with ASD. Our findings support a bi-factor model of dysregulation in which dysregulation is a broad and distinct syndrome that is associated with the three subdomains of the CBCL-DP, anxiety/depression (AD), attention problems (AP), and aggressive behavior (AGG). Dysregulation was associated with most items in the AD and AGG domains and few items in the AP domain. This association with AD and AGG indicates that dysregulation in ASD may be conceptualized as the combined experience of internalized, negative mood states and externalized, reactive behaviors. These findings provide support as well as important caveats for the use of the CBCL-DP as a measure of dysregulation in the ASD population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 436-443. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Dysregulation is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders in ASD. This study examined if the CBCL-DP, an established measure of dysregulation in neurotypical children, can be used to assess dysregulation in children with ASD. Findings provide evidence that in ASD, dysregulation is a broad construct that exists alongside anxiety/depression, attention problems, and aggression. These findings indicate that the CBCL-DP can be considered a valid measure of dysregulation in the ASD population and could be used in clinical settings.
Crack propagation and renucleation in soft brittle hydrogels

Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) and fracture energy are determined from crack geometry and material properties for very slowly propagating cracks, less than 50 $$\upmu \mathrm {m/s}$$, in thin brittle hydrogels on the sub-millimeter scale. 2D fluorescent speckle images are captured using confocal microscopy during propagation, and 3D volumetric images are captured both before propagation begins and after the crack arrests. Fracture energy builds up until a critical value is reached and then remains constant as the crack propagates and eventually arrests when the energy is no longer sufficient for propagation. Once a crack arrests, more energy is needed for renucleation, suggesting that local toughening effects are at play. Based on observations of renucleation events and analysis of 3D crack shapes, this local toughening points to a mechanism for fracture surface roughening observed in the literature for slowly propagating cracks. Additionally, through-thickness variation in fracture energy, while expected from linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory, suggests local toughening in the process zone which contributes to this roughening of crack surfaces.
Integrating Solution-Processable Conducting Polymers in Carbon Fiber Paper: Scalable 3D Electrodes for Redox-Based Supercapacitors

Nanoscale coatings of a solution-processable conducting polymer, 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene–dimethyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT-dimethyl-ProDOT, PDMP), are incorporated within a macroscal...
A Social Identity Threat Perspective on Why Partisans May Engage in Greater Victim Blaming and Sexual Assault Myth Acceptance in the #MeToo Era.

This study examined how U.S. partisans (N = 1,154) may engage in greater victim blaming and sexual assault myth acceptance to defend their political identities in the #MeToo era. The more Republica...
Ritual Disintermediations: Tradition and Transformation of Sati Worship

This article examines the consecration and transformation of the customary practice of sati (widow burning) in the aftermath of a violent case of immolation in 1987 in Rajasthan, India. Focusing on...
An advanced probabilistic structural analysis method for implicit performance functions

In probabilistic structural analysis, the performance or response functions usually are implicitly defined and must be solved by numerical analysis methods such as finite element methods. In such cases, the most commonly used probabilistic analysis tool is the mean-based, second-moment method which provides only the first two statistical moments. This paper presents a generalized advanced mean value (AMV) method which is capable of establishing the distributions to provide additional information for reliability design. The method requires slightly more computations than the second-moment method but is highly efficient relative to the other alternative methods. In particular, the examples show that the AMV method can be used to solve problems involving non-monotonic functions that result in truncated distributions.
Clinical, radiological, histological and molecular characteristics of paediatric epithelioid glioblastoma

Aims A few case series in adults have described the characteristics of epithelioid glioblastoma (e-GB), one of the rarest variants of this cancer. We evaluated clinical, radiological, histological, and molecular characteristics in the largest series to date of paediatric e-GB.
PROMOTERS OF THE PHR GENE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12

We have identified two promoters of theEscherichia coli phr gene by DNA deletion mapping, S1 mapping of transcripts and sequence homology. The weaker promoter, P2, located approximately 530 bp upstream from the start codon, extends beyond the previously known nucleotide sequence. The stronger, P1, lies 90 bp from the gene and is distinct from three previously described promoter-like sequences nearby. β-Galactosidase production from a plasmid-borne gene, promoted by a synthetic copy of P1, increases after DNA damage, but the increase does not depend on the SOS-box-like sequences normally present in the vicinity of P1. Induction still requires intactrecA andlexA genes, and also intactsulA
Comparisons of Lipogenesis and Glucose Metabolism between Ovine and Bovine Adipose Tissues

Studies were initiated to compare glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro in subcutaneous adipose tissue of mature sheep and cattle. Mean adipocyte volume was significantly less in subcutaneous adipose tissue of sheep than in adipose tissue from cattle. The presence of acetate and lactate in the incubation medium increased total glucose utilization two- to three-fold in ovine adipose tissue, but had no effect on total glucose utilization in adipose tissue from cattle. Acetate provided 72-82% of the acetyl units to lipogenesis, depending on species and substrate concentration. There were no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences in the contribution of the pentose cycle to the provision of reducing equivalents to fatty acid biosynthesis, based on the incorporation of label from [3-3H]glucose into fatty acids. In ovine adipose tissue, acetyl-CoA carboxylase appeared to be rate-limiting to lipogenesis, while in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue, the activity of fatty acid synthetase may have been the limiting step in lipogenesis. In addition, the low activity of ATP-citrate lyase, especially relative to aconitate hydratase, probably limited the conversion of lactate to fatty acids in ovine adipose tissue. It is unlikely that ATP-citrate lyase activity was rate-limiting to lipogenesis from lactate in bovine adipose tissue. The data indicate that extending the results obtained from adipose tissue from one species to lipid metabolism in ruminants in general may not be valid.
Serine racemase deletion abolishes light‐evoked NMDA receptor currents in retinal ganglion cells

Glycine and/or D-serine are obligatory coagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Serine racemase, the D-serine-synthesizing enzyme, is expressed by astrocytes and Muller cells of the retina, but little is known about its role in retinal signalling. In this study, we utilize a serine racemase knockout (SRKO) mouse to explore the contribution of D-serine to inner-retinal function. Retinal tissue levels of D-serine in SRKO mice are reduced by 85%. Whole-cell recordings from SRKO retinal ganglion cells showed markedly reduced coagonist occupancy of NMDARs and consequently a dramatic reduction in the NMDAR component of light-evoked responses. NMDAR currents in SRKOs could be rescued by applying exogenous coagonist, but SRKO ganglion cells still displayed lower NMDA/AMPA receptor ratios than wild-type (WT) controls when the coagonist site was saturated. Despite having abnormalities in synaptic glutamatergic transmission, SRKO mice displayed no obvious signs of visual impairment in behavioural testing. These findings raise interesting questions about the role of D-serine in inner-retinal function and development.
Economics of the soybean industry

The soybean, an immigrant from China, has risen from the bottom of the U.S. agricultural crop ladder over the past 40 years to its position today of being number two. Only mighty corn is still ahead of the soybean in cash value to the American farmer. Behind this unprecedented growth of an agricultural crop were two attricutes of the soybean seed: a high content of excellent protein and a moderate content of oil useful for edible and industrial uses. Although soybean oil does not quite measure up in quality to peanut, cotton, corn and some other vegetable oils, research has modified these deficiencies to such an extent that over 50% of all the fats and oils consumed in the U.S. are soy based. The soybean has resulted in the development of a worldwide marketing and processing technology covering the seeds and its two main products. Today, soybean and its products are the most exported agricultural goods reaching, from the U.S. alone, the billion dollar level in recent years. So important has the soybean become to the American scene that it receives the active attention of almost every facet of private and public agribusiness. And the end is not in sight as the meal and oil fractions are finding their way into more and more highly sophisticated applications for human use.
Intact Size-Selected Aun Clusters on a TiO2(110)-(1 × 1) Surface at Room Temperature

Experiments in which mass-selected gold clusters were deposited on a surface have found that the catalytic properties depend strongly on cluster size. However, these experiments have not established definitively that the clusters maintain their size after deposition. We report here work in which we deposit low kinetic energy, mass-selected Aun+ (n = 1−8) clusters on a rutile TiO2(1 × 1) surface and use ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV−STM) to determine their size and shape.
Further Studies on the Influence of Tocopherol Supplementation on the Vitamin Content of the Milk Fat, Stability of Milk and Milk and Fat Production

Summary When Holstein cows were fed a standard winter ration of late-cut timothy hay, corn silage and commercial concentrate mixture, a gradual decrease occurred in the tocopherol content of the milk fat and the milk showed practically no resistance to oxidative deterioration resulting in the development of oxidized flavors. Supplementation of standard ration with 1 to 2g. daily of mixed tocopherols at the beginning of the trial appeared to improve both the tocopherol levels of the fat and the ability of milk to resist the reactions which produce the oxidized flavors. No such improvement occurred when the tocopherol feeding was shifted to cows toward the end of winter season. The data show that the toeopherol supplement cannot be depended upon to maintain the tocopherol content of the fat and to prevent or correct oxidized flavors under all conditions. Feeding mixed tocopherols over 14-wk. period (1 to 2g. daily) had no significant effect on the average fat tests.
Computer‐Aided Instruction in Law: Theories, Techniques, and Trepidations

Legal education is only beginning to make use of the technological capabilities of computers as a medium for instructional design. In this article the authors show the applicability of computer-assisted instruction to law through programmed instructional techniques. They trace the two decades of development of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in law, the use and misuse of the computer's capabilities, the impact of CAI on law student attitudes and performance, and the positive student endorsement. They carefully analyze the computer's capacity for use in memory drills, tutorial sessions, and simulation exercises. They do not offer an unrestricted endorsement of the computer's capabilities but hope for the continuing development of CAI in the legal education process.
Neutronics analysis for FMITS at SNS

Abstract The fusion material community has a growing interest in irradiating materials under a spallation spectrum, in which the wide range of helium/dpa ratios provides a unique opportunity for verifying and adjusting simulation model studies of the radiation effects on structural fusion materials. One of such efforts is the recently proposed FMITS project to be carried out at SNS. The conceptual design of FMITS was completed and briefly presented here. In this design, two sample rods are placed 3 cm and 5 cm off the centreline, respectively, in front of the mercury target, where the back scattering neutron flux spectrum was found to be fairly close to the ITER fusion spectrum. The PKA spectra at the FMITS samples were also compared to those at ITER. The results show a good agreement between the two types of PKA spectra. At a nominal power of 1.4 MW, the displacement production at samples of FMITS is 1.6–5.5 dpa/yr for steel, and 1.8–3.4 dpa/yr for SiC. The ratio of the gas production versus the displacement production is 13–75 appmHe/dpa and 76–311 appmH/dpa for steel, and 30–98 appmHe/dpa and 28–145 appmH/dpa for SiC. This study found no negative impact of FMITS on the SNS moderator performance based on the current conceptual design.
A case definition and photographic screening tool for the facial phenotype of fetal alcohol syndrome

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that a quantitative, multivariate case definition of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) facial phenotype could be derived from photographs of individuals with FAS and to demonstrate how this case definition and photographic approach could be used to develop efficient, accurate, and precise screening tools, diagnostic aids, and possibly surveillance tools. STUDY DESIGN: Frontal facial photographs of 42 subjects (from birth to 27 years of age) with FAS were matched to 84 subjects without FAS. The study population was randomly divided in half. Group 1 was used to identify the facial features that best differentiated individuals with and without FAS. Group 2 was used for cross validation. RESULTS: In group 1, stepwise discriminant analysis identified three facial features (reduced palpebral fissure length/inner canthal distance ratio, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip) as the cluster of features that differentiated individuals with and without FAS in groups 1 and 2 with 100% accuracy. Sensitivity and specificity were unaffected by race, gender, and age. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypic case definition derived from photographs accurately distinguished between individuals with and without FAS, demonstrating the potential of this approach for developing screening, diagnostic, and surveillance tools. Further evaluation of the validity and generalizability of this method will be needed. (J P EDIATR 1996;129:33-41)
Oil Booms and Boosterism: Local Elites, Outside Companies, and the Growth of Ventura, California

This article examines the intersection of oil industry interests and the growth strategy of local elites in the wake of Ventura, California's oil boom of the 1920s. It amends urban growth machine and civic boosterism theory by showing why cosmopolitan capital may exert influence over parochial politics even if it does not have a direct interest in population increase. The study also finds that oil development sustained long-term quantitative growth for this coastal community, much as Roger M. Olien and Diana Davids Olien found in their study of five towns in the Permian basin of west Texas. Owing to the influence of outside companies, however, boosters failed to develop Ventura qualitatively as a tourist and recreational destination. Indeed, by the 1950s, Ventura more closely resembled inland California oil towns in terms of place than nearby Santa Barbara, which boosters had hoped to emulate.