cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TuVista: meeting the multimedia needs of mobile sports fans

We describe the TuVista system, a service for viewing near-live sports content consisting of a multimedia editing/bundling station, a cloud-hosted metadata server, and a set of mobile clients. We begin by introducing TuVista I, a proof of concept experience prototype implemented quickly as a probe to understand multimedia needs at a live sporting event. After discussing the results of an initial field trial at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, we describe the improvements in TuVista II to address the issues identified. These include rapid editing of multiple live video streams, push notifications of new content over XMPP, and an optimized metadata workflow for the content producer that reduced content publication time from fifteen minutes to less than 30 seconds. We conclude with a discussion of rapid prototyping and field deployments as a way to quickly identify user needs.
Pulmonary infection with capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans.

A case of bilateral lobar pneumonia due toCryptococcus neoformans is presented. The capsule-deficient fungal organisms within tissue were suggestive ofHistoplasma capsulatum. Cultures grewCryptococcus neoformans and there was cryptococcal antigen in the serum. Pulmonary cryptococcosis and the occurrence of unencapsulated cryptococci are reviewed. The important role both culture and the latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen play in the differential diagnosis of systemic fungal infections with over-lapping histopathology are discussed.
Induction of abnormal polychaete larvae by heavy metals

Abstract A little known observation that exposure to sublethal concentrations of detergent cause fatal abnormalities in the second generation of a polychaete has been followed up and similar abnormalities have been observed in the first or second generation of larvae exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper and zinc. Few toxicity tests extend beyond the responses of the exposed individuals. The discovery of a delayed reaction to sublethal concentrations of common contaminants of the sea has unknown but potentially important ecological implications.
Relations between tensile impact properties and microstructure of compact bone.

Standardized human and beef femoral compact bone specimens were tested in tensile impact and the dynamic mechanical properties were determined. The microstructure of 45 beef and 47 human bone specimens were examined histologically to determine if there is a structural basis to account for strength differences in the bone samples. Strong negative correlations were obtained between the maximum stress and the percentage area of secondary osteons in each specimen. For human bone samples, the energy absorption capacity and the modulus of elasticity were also found to have strong negative correlations with the percentage area of secondary osteons present in each specimen. Linear regression equations were obtained describing the impact strength properties in terms of the percentage areas of secondary osteons and cavities in the samples.
Safety of a rapid diagnostic protocol with accelerated stress testing

Abstract Background Most patients at low to intermediate risk for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receive a 12- to 24-hour "rule out." Recently, trials have found that a coronary computed tomographic angiography–based strategy is more efficient. If stress testing were performed within the same time frame as coronary computed tomographic angiography, the 2 strategies would be more similar. We tested the hypothesis that stress testing can safely be performed within several hours of presentation. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting to a university hospital from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2011, with potential ACS. Patients placed in a clinical pathway that performed stress testing after 2 negative troponin values 2 hours apart were included. We excluded patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction or with an elevated initial troponin. The main outcome was safety of immediate stress testing defined as the absence of death or acute myocardial infarction (defined as elevated troponin within 24 hours after the test). Results A total of 856 patients who presented with potential ACS were enrolled in the clinical pathway and included in this study. Patients had a median age of 55.0 (interquartile range, 48-62) years. Chest pain was the chief concern in 86%, and pain was present on arrival in 73% of the patients. There were no complications observed during the stress test. There were 0 deaths (95% confidence interval, 0%-0.46%) and 4 acute myocardial infarctions within 24 hours (0.5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.14%-1.27%). The peak troponins were small (0.06, 0.07, 0.07, and 0.19 ng/mL). Conclusions Patients who present to the ED with potential ACS can safely undergo a rapid diagnostic protocol with stress testing.
A category theory description of multisensor fusion

ABSTRACT Data fusion as a science has been described in the literature in great detail by many authors, particularly over the lasttwodecades. Thesedescriptionsare,forthevastmajority,non-mathematicalinnatureandhavelackedthesymbolismand clarity of mathematical precision. This paper demonstrates a way of describing the science of data fusion usingdiagrams and category theory. The description begins using category theory to develop a clear deÞnition of whatfusion is in a mathematical sense. The deÞnitions of fusion rules and fusors show how a notion of ObetternessO canbe deÞned by developing appropriate functionals. Using a simple diagram of a multisensor process, an explanationof how receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves can provide an appropriate functional to compare fusion rules,fusors, and even classiÞers. A partial ordering of a Þnite number of fusors can then be created.Keywords: D ata fusion, informationfusion, fusor, category theory,categories. 1. INTRODUCTION Information fusion is a rapidly advancing science. Researchers are daily adding to the known repertoire of fusiontechniques (fusion rules). An agency that is building a fusion system to detect or identify objects is bound to wantto get the best possible result for the money expended. It is with this goal in mind that we need a way to competevariousfusionrulesforacquisitionpurposes. It appearsthat thereceiveroperatingcharacteristiccurves(ROC curves)that can be developed for such systems under test conditions may serve well in this regard. We will demonstratethe development of a functional on ROC curves which will allow us, under certain assumptions and constraints, tocompeteclassiÞers, fusors (fusionrules with a constraint),and fusionsystems in order to choose the best from amongÞnitely numberedcompetitors.
Study of Cylinder-Exhaust-Gas-Temperature Variations Over Inlet Air Parameters of Compression-Ignition Engines

Cylinder-exhaust-gas temperature (Texh) of a turbocharged compression-ignition engine indicates the levels of engine thermal loading on cylinder and exhaust components, thermal efficiency performance, and engine exhaust emissions. In consideration that Texh is affected by engine air inlet condition that primarily includes inlet air temperature (Ti) and pressure (pi), this paper studies the variation (ΔTexh) of Texh over varying the engine inlet air parameters of compression-ignition engines. The study is to understand ΔTexh with appropriate relations between the inlet parameters and Texh identified and simply modeled. The regarded effects on Texh and ΔTexh for turbocharged engines of this type are analyzed and predicted. The results indicate that Texh generally increases as Ti increases or pi decreases. For example, Texh would increase by ∼2 °C as Ti increases by 1 °C or increase by ∼35 °C as pi decreases by 10−2 MPa, as predicted for a typical high-power turbocharged diesel engine. The design and operating parameters significant in influencing ΔTexh along with varying Ti or pi are also studied. These include the degree of engine cylinder compression, the level of intake manifold air temperature, the magnitude of intake air boost, and the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input. As those change, the rate of variation in Texh varies. For instance, the results indicate that the rate of ΔTexh versus the inlet air parameters would increase as the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input becomes higher. With the understanding of ΔTexh, the engine output performances of thermal loading, efficiency, and exhaust emissions, concerning engine operation at variable ambient temperature or pressure, can be understood and evaluated for the purpose of engine analysis, design and optimization.© 2013 ASME
On the limit laws of the second order for additive functionals of Harris recurrent Markov chains

Let {Xn}n≥0 be a Harris recurrent Markov chain with state space E and invariant measure π. The law of the iterated logarithm and the law of weak convergence are given for the additive functionals of the form $$$$
Uses of Ultraviolet Light

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— I would like to commend Lewis H. Kaminester, MD (1980;244:1258), for warning the readers of JAMA about the possible hazards of suntanning centers. However, I must disagree with his statement that psoriasis and pityriasis rosea are the only diseases for which ultraviolet (UV) light has proved beneficial. Dermatologists have used UV light to treat a wide variety of dermatoses successfully. It has been used to induce tolerance in patients with solar urticaria and to treat the pruritus of uremia. The combination of a psoralen (methoxsalen) and UV light in the A range (PUVA) has been used successfully to treat a wide variety of diseases, such as psoriasis, vitiligo, parapsoriasis, lymphomatoid papulosis, mycosis fungoides, urticaria pigmentosa, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, pityriasis lichenoides, palmar and plantar pustular dermatoses, and others.He did not mention that suntan centers vary in the type of light sources used. Some use bulbs with
The Rhetoric of Political Theology

(2012). The Rhetoric of Political Theology. Political Theology: Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 741-750.
Cross-coupled thyristor storage cell

A symmetrical, cross-coupled, two-thyristor storage cell with 1 µW stand-by power dissipation and 60 nsec switching time is described. When integrated in silicon planar technology each thyristor consists of a vertical npn transistor and a lateral pnp transistor.
THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF MENSTRUAL ANOMALIES12

THE PURPOSE of this report is to present certain experimental observations bearing on the problem of functional menstrual disorders. Our first approach to this problem was through a study of the endometrial changes associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and the production of comparable changes in experimental animals. By correlating experimental results with clinical findings, we have been able to arrive at an understanding of the etiology of functional menstrual disorders. This may be stated as follows. Functional menstrual disorders may result from lesions in any of the endocrine glands or from general constitutional disease secondarily affecting the endocrine system. The primary disease condition gives rise to ovarian hypofunction and this in turn gives rise to the menstrual abnormality. There is no constant correlation between the primary lesion, the degree of ovarian involvement as indicated by the endometrial histology and the type of menstrual disorder (Burch, 1936; Burch and collaborators, 1937).
A single glycine-rich repeat of Pseudomonas chlororaphis Polyurethanase A mediates secretion of a GST fusion protein in Escherichia coli

Abstract Polyurethanase A encoded by pueA from Pseudomonas chlororaphis was shown previously to have a C-terminal secretion signal located downstream of a domain containing three glycine-rich repeats. These glycine-rich repeats are nonapeptide motifs involved in Ca2+-binding found in proteins secreted via type I systems. The role of these repeats in the secretion process is controversial. In the present study, a fusion protein using GST and a single glycine-rich repeat from PueA was analyzed for secretion. Our studies show that secretion of at least one protein, the 27.9 kDa GST protein, can be mediated by a single PueA C-terminal glycine-rich repeat independent of a targeting sequence.
PigOut: Making multiple Hadoop clusters work together

This paper presents PigOut, a system that enables federated data processing over multiple Hadoop clusters. Using PigOut, a user (such as a data analyst) can write a single script in a high-level language to efficiently use multiple Hadoop clusters. There is no need to manually write multiple scripts and coordinate the execution for different clusters. PigOut accomplishes this by automatically partitioning a single, user-supplied script into multiple scripts that run on different clusters. Additionally, PigOut generates workflow descriptions to coordinate execution across clusters. In doing so, PigOut leverages existing tools built around Hadoop, avoiding extra effort required from users or administrators. For example, PigOut uses Pig Latin, a popular query language for Hadoop MapReduce, in a (virtually) unmodified form. Through our evaluation with PigMix, the standard benchmark for Pig, we demonstrate that PigOut's automatically-generated scripts and workflow definitions have comparable performance to manual, hand-tuned ones. We also report our experience with manually writing multiple scripts for a set of federated clusters, and compare the process with PigOut's automated approach.
A tribute to Evgenii V. Ananiev, 1947-2008.

This article is a tribute to Dr. Evgenii Ananiev, who passed away on January 10, 2008, after a year-long battle with a brain tumor. It is nearly impossible for me to comprehend this loss, as Evgenii (Image 1) was always larger than life—full of ideas, vitality, and joy. I first met Evgenii more than 30 years ago, when I started working on my senior thesis in the laboratory of Roman Khesin in the legendary Radiobiology Department of the Atomic Energy Institute in Moscow. Evgenii was a postdoctoral fellow in the lab next door headed by Vladimir Gvozdev. From day one, it was hard not to notice this energetic, well-built young man with a broad, charismatic smile and engaging manners. He would bump into you in the corridor to share his excitement about his most recent observations made using DNA hybridization in situ with the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila. Admittedly, he had every reason to get excited, as his data provided the first molecular evidence for the existence of mobile elements in eukaryotes—a discovery of foremost significance. The paper describing these striking results came out in Science, an unprecedented success for Soviet molecular biology.
Contextual connections to puns in fables: perceived humor.

Abstract Adding material that provided an associative connection to a pun enhances perceived humor, as shown in a previous series of studies. Because those results had been based on one-sentence statements that may have relied, in part, on brevity for humor, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate reactions to context and puns (mostly spoonerisms) with more lengthy material to add generality to those findings. Three within-subject studies were conducted in which short fables were manipulated systematically such that the final sentence was or was not a pun and contextual information pertaining to both meanings of the pun was or was not present in the body of the stories. Results showed that the pun itself was a powerful contributor to perceived humor and cleverness and that contextual information amplified those perceptions. Arousal, surprise, and detection of appropriate incongruity are discussed.
What’s in a Name? Using Card Sorting to Evaluate Branding in an Academic Library’s Web Site

Libraries are pressed to effectively promote use of the tools they provide users as well as their role in creating, selecting, and purchasing them. Applying “brand names” generated within the library is one promotional strategy. Usability testing at one academic library demonstrated how the card sorting technique can be used to evaluate branding efforts. The study found that library users do not recognize or comprehend library brand names in the absence of a consistent approach to branding even if they do use the services that have been branded.
THE METRIC UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES OF PERIOD DOUBLING BIFURCATIONS AND THE SPECTRUM FOR A ROUTE TO TURBULENCE

The ideas of the metric universal properties of maps on an interval are formally developed and then used to determine some universal aspects of a route to turbulence.
Propagation of light in a fiber with nonlinear optical material cylinder

Fibers containing nonlinear optical material have large interaction length. Therefor it is possible to use small amounts of nonlinear material in the fiber and obtain large nonlinear effects. One of the easiest methods of placing a nonlinear material into a fiber is to surround the core of the fiber with a thin cylinder of nonlinear optical materials. We investigate such a fiber in this paper.
Application of new techniques for the detection of carcinogen adducts to human population monitoring.

Abstract Several techniques have recently been developed for the detection and quantitation of carcinogen—DNA or -portein adducts without the requirement for radioactive carcinogens. These assays can be used to detect adducts in animals or cultured cells exposed to test compounds or in humans exposed to environmental carcinogens. Immunologic, 32 P-postlabeling and fluorescence techniques, used on human samples for DNA adduct measurement, are reviewed here. Methods for the detection of carcinogen-protein adducts on human samples are also summarized.
The organization of the rat GRP78 gene and A23187-induced expression of fusion gene products targeted intracellularly

Expression of the glucose-regulated protein, GRP78, is markedly increased when cells are placed in a variety of stressful environments (i.e., low glucose medium, calcium ionophore treatment). In this report, the genomic organization of the rat GRP78 gene is described. This gene comprises eight exons and encodes a protein which is highly hydrophilic with the notable exception of several short hydrophobic domains. The first hydrophobic region, 18 amino acids at the N-terminus of the protein, putatively acts as a signal sequence to target GRP78 into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). By ligating portions of the GRP78 gene and its promoter to the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), we created heterologous CAT genes inducible by calcium ionophore A23187. Through immunofluorescence analysis, the intracellular localizations of endogenous GRP78 and fusion CAT proteins under normal growth and A23187-induced conditions are identified. By fusing the GRP78 signal sequence to CAT, we influence intracellular targeting of the CAT protein into the ER.
The benefit of obligate versus facultative strategies in a shrimp–goby mutualism

Obligate mutualists are predicted to benefit more from mutualism than facultative mutualists and harbor traits that help derive this extra benefit. I tested these predictions with a shrimp–goby mutualism. Individual shrimp (Alpheus floridanus) construct burrows that are shared with individual gobiid fishes that warn shrimp when emergence from burrows is unsafe. The benefit to gobies is refuge from predation. I compared predator avoidance performance of obligate (Nes longus) and facultative (Ctenogobius saepepallens) shrimp-associated gobies with access to a shell, a shrimp burrow, or no shelter. The two gobies performed similarly with shells and no shelter, but N. longus outperformed C. saepepallens with shrimp burrows. Thus, N. longus benefits more from mutualism than C. saepepallens. Also, N. longus has four behavioral traits that likely allow it to benefit from mutualism more than does C. saepepallens: (1) diving into the nearest shrimp burrow when confronted with predators, (2) long flight initiation distance, (3) long time-until-re-emergence after taking refuge, and (4) remaining close to shelter. The latter three likely come with a cost to foraging or mate acquisition as they limit searching range outside the burrow and detract from time spent outside burrows. Thus, N. longus likely harbors traits that allow it to deal with these costs. I discuss a framework for determining whether traits crucial to obligate association with shrimp (both for reaping benefits and dealing with costs) are pre-adaptations or are created through coevolution with shrimp.
Vitamin A: probe of immune complement reactions

Abstract We have confirmed the observation that vitamin A will inhibit the lysis of sensitized erythrocytes by guinea pig complement. We have shown further that vitamin A aldehyde (retinal) will inhibit the lysis of several EA-complement intermediates. in the case of the intermediate EAC′-7, the existence of inhibition was shown to depend on the conditions of assay. It was also found that retinal decreased the decay of C′2 on EAC′1,4,2 cells.
Effects of supporting electrolyte on the partitioning of cation/neutral couples into perfluorosulfonate films

The polyelectrolyte Nafion ** exhibits many benefical properties when employed as a cation exchange membrane, in part due to its almost ideal permselectivity [1]. However, it is possible to produce and examine neutral couples, such as ferrocene, methyl viologen radical, and N,N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, Rubinstein [2] observed two oxidation waves for each of these couples, which he interpreted in terms of a distribution of reduced, neutral species between different electroactive domains of the polymer
DIOXIN FORMATION IN STRETCHED FLAMES

Numerical simulations of stretched laminar twin premixed flames are carried out in order to understand the gasphase formation of dioxins in situations analogous to the post combustor and following regions of a typical incinerator. A previously developed chemical kinetic mechanism, that describes dioxin formation in terms of some generic species, is used in the calculations. The results indicate a temperature region favorable to the gasphase production of dioxins that lies between 1100 and 1500 K, as well as a weak dependence of dioxin formation on the oxygen concentration in the flames. The effect of oxygen is better described by observing the consumption of some of the generic species. Though no measurements of dioxin concentration in idealized flows, such as those simulated, are available, the results are in qualitative accord with total measurements of dioxin concentration (due to both gas- and solid-phase processes) obtained by other investigators. The numerical predictions identify some flames that are ignited, in which dioxin consumption takes place, and others which are unignited, in which significant dioxin production occurs as the result of largely isothermal mixing. The calculations indicate that unignited flames containing no initial fuel favor dioxin formation significantly over those that contain some initial quantity of fuel. Finally, some implications regarding incinerator practice are discussed.
Genetic Alterations in Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland Determined by Microsatellite Analysis

Abstract We investigated, for the first time, the genetic alterations at certain chromosomal loci in 25 primary parotid acinic cell carcinomas to define the most frequently altered chromosomal regions and their association with pathologic features and DNA content analysis. Our results showed that 21 (84.0%) of the tumors had alteration in at least one of the loci tested. In general, chromosomal regions at chromosomes 4p, 5q, 6p, and 17p were more frequently altered than those on chromosomes 1p and 1q, 4q, 5p, and 6q. Certain markers at 4p15–16, 6p25-qter, and 17p11 regions showed the highest incidence of LOH, suggesting the presence of tumor suppressor genes associated with the oncogenesis of these tumors. LOH was significantly associated only with tumor grade. No apparent correlation between LOH and other clinicopathologic and DNA content characteristics was identified. Our study broadly defined the chromosomal arms and loci that may be targeted for further localization of the minimally deleted regions involved in the tumorigenesis of these tumors.
CONVERSION OF PROGESTERONE-4-14C TO 18-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE AND ALDOSTERONE BY MOUSE ADRENALS IN VITRO.

The conversion of progesterone-4-14C by quartered mouse adrenal glands to steroid metabolites during a 3-hr incubation period has been under study. The fractions more polar than corticosterone have been examined in various chromatographic systems and several C-18 oxygenated metabolites have been isolated. The compounds, 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone, have been identified by the mobility of the labeled steroids and their derivatives in different chromatographic systems and by the retention of radioactivity in the carrier steroids added during these procedures. (Endocrinology 74: 865, 1964)
Mechanism of plagioclase dissolution in acid solution at 25°C

Abstract The dissolution kinetics of three plagioclase feldspars (An13, An46, and An76) were studied in flow-through reactors over the pH range 3–7. In accordance with the surface complexation model, dissolution rate was described by the equation Rate= x a A exp ( E a kT )(C s H ) n ) , where (Chs) is the concentration of protonated surface sites, xa is the mole fraction of these that are activated, A is the Arrhenius pre-exponential factorand Ea is the activation energy for the reaction. The reaction order with respect to surface charge (n) at pH Reaction rates increase with increasing anorthite content. In acid solution this reflects the linear dependence of Ea on the number of Al-O-Si bonds involved in the rate-determining step. Under conditions of low surface protonation (in near-neutral solutions), dissolution is independent of surface charge. As reaction occurs at neutral alumina sites, the rate is approximately proportional to the anorthite (Al) content of the feldspar.
Extracting significant time varying features from text

We propose a simple statistical model for the frequency of occurrence of features in a stream of text. Adoption of this model allows us to use classical significance tests to filter the stream for interesting events. We tested the model by building a system and running it on a news corpus. By a subjective evaluation, the system worked remarkably well: almost all of the groups of identified tokens corresponded to news stories and were appropriately placed in time. A preliminary objective evaluation was also used to measure the quality of the system and it showed some of the weaknesses and the power of our approach.
Impact of postoperative radiation after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Introduction Though postoperative radiation for esophageal cancer is offered in selected cases, there is conflicting evidence as to whether it improves overall survival (OS). We performed a retrospective analysis using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database to analyze the impact of adjuvant radiation in a large cohort of patients. Methods From 1998 to 2005, patients diagnosed with stage T3-4N0M0 or T1-4N1M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who were definitively treated with esophagectomy, with or without postoperative radiation, were selected. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to compare OS and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results A total of 1046 patients met the selection criteria: 683 (65.3%) received surgery alone and 363 (34.7%) received postoperative radiation. For American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III esophageal carcinoma (T3N1M0 or T4N0-1M0), there was significant improvement in median and 3-year OS (p Conclusions This large population-based review supports the use of postoperative radiation for stage III SCC and AC of the esophagus. Given the retrospective nature of this study, until appropriately powered randomized trials confirm these results, caution should be used before broadly applying these findings in clinical practice.
Papillary adenoma of the lung with lamellar and electron dense granules an ultrastructural study

An unusual papillary adenoma in the periphery of the lung was resected in a 25-year-old woman. Examination of the tumor showed a noninfiltrating cellular neoplasms consisting of cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and without nuclear atypia. Ultrastructurally the tumor cells had microvilli, infrequent cell junctions, and cytoplasmic dense granules and whorled lamellar membrane membrane inclusions. These findings suggest that this benign pulmonary neoplasm has morphologic characteristics consistent with a Clara Cell and alveolar type II pneumocyte differentiation. Although tumors of similar types can be experimentally induced in mice, and the light microscopic features of similar human neoplasms have been described, this is the first report of the ultrastructural characteristics of a benign human lung tumor with morphologic features resembling Clara cell and alveolar type II pneumocytes.
Lossless compression of very large volume data with fast dynamic access

The volumetric data set is important in many scientific and biomedical fields. Since such sets may be extremely large, a compression method is critical to store and transmit them. To achieve a high compression rate, most of the existing volume compression methods are lossy, which is usually unacceptable in biomedical applications. We developed a new context-based non-linear prediction method to preprocess the volume data set in order to effectively lower the prediction entropy. The prediction error is further encoded using Huffman code. Unlike the conventional methods, the volume is divided into cubical blocks to take advantage of the data’s spatial locality. Instead of building one Huffman tree for each block, we developed a novel binning algorithm that build a Huffman tree for each group (bin) of blocks. Combining all the effects above, we achieved an excellent compression rate compared to other lossless volume compression methods. In addition, an auxiliary data structure, Scalable Hyperspace File (SHSF) is used to index the huge volume so that we can obtain many other benefits including parallel construction, on-the-fly accessing of compressed data without global decompression, fast previewing, efficient background compressing, and scalability etc.
Distribution of high affinity choline transporter immunoreactivity in the primate central nervous system.

A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 62-2E8) raised against a human recombinant high-affinity choline transporter (CHT)-glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein was used to determine the distribution of immunoreactive profiles containing this protein in the monkey central nervous system (CNS). Within the monkey telencephalon, CHT-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, medial septum, vertical and horizontal limb nuclei of the diagonal band, nucleus basalis complex, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Dense fiber staining was observed within the islands of Calleja, olfactory tubercle, hippocampal complex, amygdala; moderate to light fiber staining was seen in iso- and limbic cortices. CHT-containing fibers were also present in sensory and limbic thalamic nuclei, preoptic and hypothalamic areas, and the floccular lobe of the cerebellum. In the brainstem, CHT-immunoreactive profiles were observed in the pedunculopontine and dorsolateral tegmental nuclei, the Edinger-Westphal, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, ambiguus, dorsal vagal motor, and hypoglossal nuclei. In the spinal cord, CHT-immunoreactive ventral horn motoneurons were seen in close apposition to intensely immunoreactive C-terminals at the level of the cervical spinal cord. CHT immunostaining revealed a similar distribution of labeled profiles in the aged human brain and spinal cord. Dual fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that the majority of CHT immunoreactive neurons contained the specific cholinergic marker, choline acetyltransferase, at all levels of the monkey CNS. The present observations indicate that the present CHT antibody labels cholinergic structures within the primate CNS and provides an additional marker for the investigation of cholinergic neuronal function in aging and disease.
Alexander H. Stephens and Jefferson Davis

OF the men prominent in the great American war of i86I-65, there were none whose relationship provided more interesting and more instructive lessons in the anatomy of abortive revolutions than the two topmost Confederates, Alexander Stephens and Jefferson Davis. Aptly these two symbolized the cross-purposes, the internal conflicts that divided the people of the Confederacy and weakened their cause. It is no accident that Stephens' name here appears first; for though he occupied the second office, it is upon him that attention must be focused. It was in I845 that the two men first became acquainted. For one session they served together in the United States House of Representatives, before Davis resigned his seat to go off to fight in the war with Mexico. Yet neither then nor later, after Davis returned to Washington as a senator, did the two progress beyond the stage of mere acquaintance. For in his early career Stephens was a wholehearted Whig, and he made little secret of his opinion that all Democrats were fools or knaves. If Davis as a Democrat placed a similar estimate upon Whigs, at least he was more discreet in expressing it. After the Whig party went to pieces in the I850's and Stephens reluctantly went over to the Democrats, he encountered Davis only once in a situation that required more than mere formalities. That was in 1858, at a time when Southerners were fighting a fierce congressional battle to get Kansas admitted into the Union as a slaveholding state, and the tactics of the situation required Stephens, as the foremost Southerner in the House, and Davis, as one of the ranking Southerners in the Senate, to confer with each other. Davis actually knew William H. Seward better than he knew Stephens; and on his side, Stephens was better acquainted with John Quincy Adams and Joshua Giddings than with Davis. Yet, however formal and featureless may have been the relationships between these two in Washington, it is scarcely likely that Stephens forgot an altercation that his great and good friend, Robert Toombs, had with Davis in I853. Whatever affected Toombs was bound to influence Stephens. That unpleasantness of i853 arose from the malice of a Georgia mischiefmaker who sent Davis, then Secretary of War, a garbled report of criticisms upon Franklin Pierce's cabinet that Toombs had voiced in a speech in
Comparison of Atmospheric Radiative Transfer with Statistical Wave Approach

The radiative transfer (RT) approach is widely used for studying scattering from layered random media with rough interfaces. Although it has been successful in several applications it is well known that this approach involves certain approximations. In this paper these assumptions and approximations are reexamined and explained. To enable this a statistical approach is employed to this problem and the governing equations for the first and second moments of the wave fields are derived. A transition is hence made to arrive at a system of equations corresponding to that of the RT approach. It is thus found that more conditions are implicitly involved in the RT approach than generally believed to be necessary.
The Context of Anti-Gay Violence Notes on Cultural and Psychological Heterosexism

Hate crimes against lesbians and gay men occur within a broader cultural context that is permeated by heterosexism. Heterosexism is defined here as an ideological system that denies, denigrates, and stigmatizes any nonheterosexual form of behavior, identity, relationship, or community. It operates principally by rendering homosexuality invisible and, when this fails, by trivializing, repressing, or stigmatizing it. This article focuses upon the nexus between cultural heterosexism and individual prejudice against lesbians and gay men. Key components of the ideologies of sex and gender from which heterosexism derives are identified: (a) the personal-public dichotomy, (b) the stigmatization of particular forms of sexuality, and (c) the linkage of heterosexuality to gender-role conformity. Supported by these ideological underpinnings, cultural heterosexism fosters individual anti-gay attitudes by providing a ready-made system of values and stereotypical beliefs that justify such prejudice as “natural.” By imb...
Solar and late-type dwarfs

The Einstein Observatory's and the IUE's contributions to knowledge of coronal formation in late-type stars are discussed. The HR diagram of stars seen as X-ray sources by these observatories is presented, and the influence of rotation on X-ray emission is reviewed. Emission from the Alpha Cen system and from active stars with quiescent coronae is examined, and the extent of the contribution of emission from normal stars to the soft X-ray background is addressed. The quiescent and flare emission from Alpha Cen, the temporal variability of X-ray emission from a sample of active chromosphere stars, and the predicted contribution of chromospheric emission to the diffuse soft X-ray background are depicted. Chromospheric indicators of activity are discussed, the connection between surface magnetic fields and X-ray emission in the chromosphere is briefly reviewed, and the quantitative links between X-ray data and magnetic fields is summarily presented.
Angular correlation of x rays: L − M cascades of plutonium

Angular correlations between $L$ and $M$ x rays in $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}$ obtained from a radioactive source of 32-yr $^{243}\mathrm{Cm}$ were measured using Si(Li) and Ge(Li) detectors. The measured angular-correlation coefficients ${A}_{22}=(8.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for the $L{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}M$ cascade and ${A}_{22}=(7.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for the $L{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1+2}\ensuremath{-}M$ cascade are both significantly higher than theoretical predictions. The intensity of the Pu ${L}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{3}$ x ray per ${L}_{1}$ vacancy was found to be $\frac{I({L}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{3})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}(L1)}=(6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The angular correlation coefficient of the $L\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}({L}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{3})$ x-ray cascade was measured and found to be ${A}_{22}=(3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and is in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Surface Behavior and Polymerization of 2- and 3-(1-Octadecynyl)aniline at the Air-Aqueous Interface

The surface behavior of 2- and 3-(1-octadecynyl)aniline (2ODA and 3ODA) was studied in Langmuir films and compared to that of 2- and 3-pentadecylaniline (2PDA and 3PDA), which was previously reported. Surface pressure (π) and potential (ΔV) vs mean molecular area (A) isotherms of these substituted anilines were generated, and the results were, in part, attributed to the orientation of the aromatic rings at the interface. Using well-established methods, 2ODA and 3ODA were polymerized at the air−aqueous interface, and the reactivities of the aniline derivatives were studied at different surface pressures. It was found that the initial rate constant (k‘) for the polymerization of 2ODA was significantly greater than that of 2PDA, but autoacceleration was not detected. The reaction rates are explained in part by molecular orientational differences at the air−aqueous interface. The polymerization rates of 3ODA and 3PDA were comparable, which is probably due to similar headgroup orientation at the air−aqueous in...
Effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy: a systematic qualitative review of controlled outcome studies

Objective: We review all available controlled outcome studies of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) to evaluate evidence of its effectiveness. Method: Forty-three studies were located and key data abstracted on problem, setting, SFBT intervention, design characteristics, and outcomes. Results: Thirty-two (74%) of the studies reported significant positive benefit from SFBT; 10 (23%) reported positive trends. The strongest evidence of effectiveness came in the treatment of depression in adults where four separate studies found SFBT to be comparable to well-established alternative treatments. Three studies examined length of treatment and all found SFBT used fewer sessions than alternative therapies. Conclusion: The studies reviewed provide strong evidence that SFBT is an effective treatment for a wide variety of behavioral and psychological outcomes and, in addition, it may be briefer and therefore less costly than alternative approaches.
Food label use and awareness of nutritional information and recommendations among persons with chronic disease

Background: Because of the relation between chronic disease and poor nutritional habits, the use of food labels and adherence to dietary recommendations are important for chronic disease populations. We explored whether persons with chronic disease read nutrient information on food labels and whether they were aware of dietary guidelines. Objective: This study aimed to assess dietary information use among persons with chronic disease by using a nationally representative sample of the US population. Design: A total of 5603 respondents aged ≥17 y from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participated in the study. This representative sample of US civilians were asked 17 questions regarding their awareness of federal nutrition information and their food label use and were given two 24-h recall dietary interviews. Participants were classified into 5 disease categories: 1) hypertension, 2) hypercholesterolemia, 3) diabetes/at risk of diabetes, 4) overweight, and 5) heart disease. Results: Subjects with chronic diseases were more aware of nutritional recommendations, checked more often for specific nutrients, and used nutrition information on food labels more often than did participants without such diseases. Label use behavior was inconsistently associated with dietary guideline compliance. Conclusions: People with chronic disease generally reported better nutrition awareness and food label use and checking behaviors compared with those without chronic disease, but this did not translate into unequivocally better eating behaviors. New strategies are needed to improve the actual nutritional behaviors of persons with chronic disease.
The big brain gene of Drosophila functions to control the number of neuronal precursors in the peripheral nervous system

big brain (bib) is one of the six known zygotic neurogenic genes involved in the decision of an ectodermal cell to take on the neurogenic or the epidermogenic cell fate. Previous studies suggest that bib functions in a pathway separate from the one involving Notch and other known neurogenic genes. For a better understanding of the bib function, it is essential first to characterize the mutant phenotype in detail. Our mutant analyses show that loss of bib function approximately doubles the number of neuronal precursors and their progeny cells in the embryonic peripheral nervous system. Mosaic studies reveal a hypertrophy of sensory bristles in bib mutant patches in adult flies. Our observations are compatible with a function of bib in specifying neuronal precursors of both the embryonic and adult sensory nervous system. This is in contrast to the function of Notch, which continues to be required at multiple stages of neural development subsequent to this initial determination event.
Dispersion of the neutron resonance in cuprate superconductors

We argue that recently measured downward dispersion of the neutron resonance peak in cuprate superconductors is naturally explained if the resonance is viewed as a spin-1 collective mode in a d-wave superconductor. The reduction of the resonant frequency away from the antiferromagnetic wave vector is a direct consequence of the momentum dependence of the d-wave superconducting gap. When the magnetic correlation length becomes large, the dispersion should become magnon-like, i.e., curve upwards from (pi,pi).
Metals Recovery from Waste of Printed Circuit Boards Processed in Plasmatron Plasma Reactor

Abstract This paper presents an investigation of printed circuit boards (PCB) waste processing in plasmatron plasma reactor. A test setup was designed and built allowing research over plasma processing of PCB waste in more than 700 kg/day scale. The process in tests consumed 2 kWh/kg of processed waste. An investigation of the products process, in form of metals and slag, is presented with their elemental analyses. An average recovery of metals in presented experiments is 76%, and waste mass reduction, 45%. The investigated mass balance of the process indicates partial metal oxidation in the plasma process. It is estimated that metals oxidation is responsible for 2–10% of metals recovery reduction, and 10–20% of slag mass increase. Briefly, the chosen process parameters are presented: energy consumption, throughput, process temperatures and air consumption.
Yoga and eating disorders: is there a place for yoga in the prevention and treatment of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviours?

This paper addresses the question: what can the practice of yoga offer the field of eating disorders in terms of prevention and treatment? Regarding prevention, preliminary research suggests that yoga may be effective in decreasing risk factors, and increasing protective factors, for eating disorders. Yoga was also found to be helpful in a small number of treatment studies. However, findings are not consistent across studies, which are limited in number, and due to the preliminary nature of this body of research, most studies have weaknesses in their designs (e.g. observational design, no control groups, or small sample sizes). The basic tenets of yoga, anecdotal reports of its effectiveness, its high accessibility and low cost, and initial research findings suggest that yoga may offer promise for the field of eating disorders. Two options are suggested for prevention: (1) eating disorder prevention can be integrated into ongoing yoga classes and (2) yoga can be integrated into eating disorder prevention programmes. Regarding treatment, it is important to examine the effectiveness of different teaching styles and practices for different eating disorders. Potential harms of yoga should also be explored. Further research, using stronger study designs, such as randomised, controlled trials, is needed.
Epithelial Membrane Protein-2 Promotes Endometrial Tumor Formation through Activation of FAK and Src

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy diagnosed among women in developed countries. One recent biomarker strongly associated with disease progression and survival is epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2), a tetraspan protein known to associate with and modify surface expression of certain integrin isoforms. In this study, we show using a xenograft model system that EMP2 expression is necessary for efficient endometrial tumor formation, and we have started to characterize the mechanism by which EMP2 contributes to this malignant phenotype. In endometrial cancer cells, the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src pathway appears to regulate migration as measured through wound healing assays. Manipulation of EMP2 levels in endometrial cancer cells regulates the phosphorylation of FAK and Src, and promotes their distribution into lipid raft domains. Notably, cells with low levels of EMP2 fail to migrate and poorly form tumors in vivo. These findings reveal the pivotal role of EMP2 in endometrial cancer carcinogenesis, and suggest that the association of elevated EMP2 levels with endometrial cancer prognosis may be causally linked to its effect on integrin-mediated signaling.
Cajal bodies, nucleoli, and speckles in the Xenopus oocyte nucleus have a low-density, sponge-like structure.

Nuclear organelles, unlike many cytoplasmic organelles, lack investing membranes and are thus in direct contact with the surrounding nucleoplasm. Because the properties of the nucleoplasm and nucle...