cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tissue, Developmental, and Metabolic Regulation of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Encoding a Rat Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein*

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is the predominant insulin-like growth factor in fetal and neonatal rat serum and tissues. In serum, it occurs complexed to a 30-kDa nonglycosylated IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) that is immunologically related to the IGFBP in BRL-3A rat liver cells (rIGFBP-2). Levels of rIGFBP-2 and IGF-II decrease in rat serum after birth. Using a recently isolated cDNA clone for rIGFBP-2 as hybridization probe, we now compare the expression of rIGFBP-2 and IGF-II in fetal tissues and the effects of hypophysectomy and fasting on the abundance of these mRNAs in adult rat liver. rIGFBP-2 mRNA is expressed at high levels in term gestation liver and at lower levels in other tissues. The ratio of rIGFBP-2 to IGF-II mRNAs in stomach, kidney, and lung is similar to that seen in liver, whereas IGF-II mRNA is more abundant than rIGFBP-2 mRNA in muscle, intestine, heart, and skin. Both mRNAs are more abundant in fetal tissues than in the corresponding tissues from adult rats. Dexamethasone tre...
Singular optimal control strategy for a fed-batch bioreactor: Numerical approach

The production of bakers' yeast in a fed-batch bioreactor can be maximized by controlling the substrate feed rate. This leads to a singular optimal control problem. An exact solution initially based on a heuristic argument and later quantified by the generalized Legendre-Clebsch convexity condition is obtained. A numerical technique, obtained by embedding the singular problem in a sequence of nonsingular problems that converge to the singular one in a limit as ϵ → ∞ is demonstrated.
A phase I study of olaratumab, an anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors

Purpose The platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) has an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Olaratumab (IMC-3G3) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds human PDGFRα and blocks ligand binding. This phase I study assessed the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RP2D), pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity of olaratumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Projective surfaces withk-very ample line bundles of genus ≤3k+1

Let\(\mathcal{G}\) be the set of surfaces,S, polarized by a k-very ample line bundle,L, with genus≤3k+1. All the elements (S, L) of\(\mathcal{G}\) are listed. The classification of surfaces polarized by ak-very ample line bundle of degree ≤4k+4 is completed by proving that this class of surfaces is a subset of\(\mathcal{G}\).
Orchestrating shots for the national ignition racility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is a stadium-sized facility containing a 192-beam, 1.8 Megajoule, 500-Terawatt, ultra-violet laser system together with a 10-meter diameter target chamber with room for nearly 100 experimental diagnostics. When completed, NIF will be the world's largest and most energetic laser experimental system, providing an international center to study inertial confinement fusion and physics of matter at extreme densities and pressures. The NIF is operated by the Integrated Computer Control System (ICCS), which is a layered architecture of over 700 lower-level front-end processors attached to nearly 60,000 control points and coordinated by higher-level supervisory subsystems in the main control room. An Ada95 based shot automation framework has been developed and deployed during the past year to orchestrate and automate shots performed at the NIF using the ICCS. Ada95 provides language features that have enabled the construction of a complex, highly distributed control application. The Ada tasking model and protected types provide multi-threaded behaviors and synchronization mechanisms required by the ICCS. The Shot Automation framework is designed to automate 4-hour shot sequences including derivation of shot goals from an experiment definition, set up of the laser and diagnostics, automatic alignment of laser beams, and a countdown to charge and fire the lasers. A typical sequence consists of one or more preparatory verification shots leading to an amplified system shot that is followed by post-shot analysis and archiving. The framework provides for flexible model-based workflow execution with work divided into data driven packets called "macro steps". The Shot Director program is the top-level orchestrating component of the shot automation framework, which manages the state machine that defines the structure of the shot sequence. Collaboration Supervisors translate shot lifecycle state commands from the Shot Director into sequences of "macro steps" that are distributed to subsystem shot supervisors while maintaining the order of macro steps for each subsystem and supporting collaboration between different macro steps. Each macro step has phases for database-driven verification and a scripted execution. This provides a highly flexible framework for performing a variety of NIF shot types. Database tables define the order of work and dependencies (workflow) of macro steps to be performed for a shot. A graphical model editor facilitates the definition and viewing of an execution model. A Change Manager tool enables "de-participation" of individual devices, of entire laser segments (beams, quads, or bundles of beams) or of individual diagnostics. This software has been successfully deployed to the NIF facility and is currently being used to support NIF laser commissioning shots and the build-out of additional laser bundles. The software will also be used to automate future target and experimental shot campaigns.
In vitro comparison of intact endodntically treated teeth with and without endo-post reinforcement

In an in vitro experiment, the failure loads of 59 intact endodontically treated teeth with and without Kerr Endo-Post reinforcement were compared. Fifty-eight teeth fractured below the cementoenamel junction. One tooth fractured through the pulp chamber with a chisel fracture involving both the crown and root. Teeth without posts fractured through the middle or coronal one third of the root. Teeth with posts fractured through the body of the post. No statistically significant reinforcement was demonstrated by cementing a Kerr Endo-Post No. 100 into a sound endodontically treated tooth.
Long range order of Wu's modified F-model

Abstract It is found that the correlation function of two vertical arrows in the modified F-model exhibits long range order that vanishes like (T c − T) 1 2 for T T c .
Forced migrants—turning rights into reproductive health

Worldwide more than 35 million people live as forced migrants. These are people displaced from their homes by complex humanitarian emergencies—crises that result from environmental hazards or armed conflict combined with adverse social economic and political influences. Forced migrants may find refuge within the boundaries of their own country (internally displaced persons) or across an international border (refugees). Some of these refugees are granted asylum to resettle in other countries. In this paper we focus on the right of access to reproductive health care for forced migrants and in particular for the majority who live in conflict zones in the developing world. We discuss the extraordinary risks to reproductive health faced by forced migrants and the obligation of humanitarian agencies to respond to reproductive and sexual health needs. (authors)
Relation between the spin and the size of a skyrmion.

A variant of the conventional Skyrme model is investigated. At the tree level the Wess-Zumino action is absent but elementary fermions (quarks) are present. The Wess-Zumino action is generated by integration over the fermions and it depends nontrivially on the fermion masses. Consequently large skyrmions have a baryon number and a half-integer spin, while small skyrmions have no baryon number and an integer spin.
Ion trapping with asymmetric bunch filling of the NSLS VUV ring

Abstract In electron storage rings, the performance can be limited by ions formed in the residual gas and trapped by the beam potential. At NSLS it has been found that the effect is less severe if the beam is filled with a sequence of full bunches followed by a gap of empty buckets. The calculations of this paper show that this improved performance is expected based on a simple extension of the usual ion trapping model.
Effects of Tissue Anisotropy on the Spectral Characteristics of Ultrasonic Backscatter Measured with a Clinical Imaging System

In this paper, we report the effects of inherent tissue anisotropy on the spectral properties of backscattered ultrasound when measured with a commercially-available imaging system. We insonified five specimens of bovine tendon immersed in a water tank and rotated in 10 degrees increments while being imaged with a Hewlett-Packard Sonos 1500 system. The backscattered RF signals corresponding to each angle of insonification were digitized and the spectral characteristics of the backscattered ultrasound were determined. The mean anisotropy, defined as the average difference between values at perpendicular and parallel insonification, for band-limited estimates of backscattered power, centroid frequency, upper-band to lower-band power ratio, and upper-band to total-band power ratio were found to be 24.6 +/- 1.1 dB, 142 +/- 27 kHz, 32 +/- 13%, and 22 +/- 5%, respectively (mean +/- SE). The magnitude of each of these backscatter spectral parameters was larger at perpendicular insonification compared with the corresponding values at parallel insonification, consistent with previous measurements of the inherent anisotropy of ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter in tissue.
Long-term Results and Quality-of-Life Measures in the Management of Hyperhidrosis

This article describes the quantitative and qualitative assessment of hyperhidrosis. Generalized quality-of-life and specific hyperhidrosis tools are used to measure disease severity and effects of treatment of hyperhidrosis. Quality-of-life tools include general health surveys. Quantitative tools include gravimetry, evaporimetry, and Minor's starch and iodine test. Surgical and medical treatments are best assessed using a combination of tools. Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy can have a major positive impact on the quality of life of patients who have hyperhidrosis.
Resting diastolic function and left ventricular mass are related to exercise capacity in hypertensive men but not in women

Abstract We evaluated the impact of diastolic function and gender on exercise capacity in sedentary, untreated hypertensive subjects (34 men, 23 women) using echocardiography and a bicycle ergometry with measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2). In men, peak (A) mitral inflow velocity and left ventricular (LV) mass were inversely related to peak VO2 (r = −0.64) and maximal workload (r = −0.57) and were the sole independent determinants of exercise capacity. In women, there was no relationship between any echocardiographic measure and exercise capacity. Thus, LV mass and Doppler-determined diastolic function predict maximal VO2 in hypertensive men but not in women. This finding may be related to gender differences in the contribution of diastolic filling to exercise capacity or may reflect limitations of resting Doppler echocardiography to predict exercise diastolic filling in hypertensive women.
Diffuse interstellar clouds as a chemical laboratory - The chemistry of diatomic carbon species

The chemistry of C2, CH, and CO in diffuse interstellar clouds is analyzed and compared to absorption line measurements toward background stars. Analytical expressions in terms of column densities are derived for the rate equations. The results indicate that in clouds with 4 mag of visual extinction, the abundance of C+ has to decrease by a factor of about 15 from the value traditionally used for clouds with 1 mag of extinction. The rate coefficients for the reactions C+ + CH - C2+ + H and C+ + H2 - CH2+ + h-nu need to be reduced from previous estimates. Chemical arguments are presented for the revised rate coefficients.
Success and limitations of right ventricular sinus myectomy for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.

Objectives Right ventricular sinus myectomy has been proposed for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum for morphology falling within the uncertain area for eventual biventricular repair. Our objective was to evaluate right ventricular sinus myectomy by characterizing the morphologic spectrum of these patients, determining whether biventricular repair was achieved, ascertaining growth of right-sided structures, and assessing survival. Methods We evaluated medical records, all imaging studies, and follow-up data (complete in all but 1 patient) from 43 patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum treated from October 1993 to July 2005, 16 of whom underwent right ventricular sinus myectomy. Serial echocardiographic measurements of right-sided cardiac structures were converted to Z values to estimate their growth relative to somatic growth. Results Patients undergoing right ventricular sinus myectomy had mild-to-moderate right ventricular size diminution (grade −1.2 ± 3.2) and a tricuspid valve Z value of −4.9 ± 1.9. Thirteen (87%) of the 16 patients achieved biventricular repair. After right ventricular sinus myectomy, mean right ventricular cavity size grade increased to 1.4 ± 0.66, but the tricuspid valve Z value did not change appreciably over time. Five-year survival after sinus myectomy was 85%; late deaths were in patients with the smallest tricuspid valves at presentation ( Z value Conclusions Right ventricular sinus myectomy in the uncertain area for biventricular repair of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum leads to immediate increase in right ventricular volume. It, in combination with establishing right ventricle–pulmonary trunk continuity, allowed early biventricular repair in 87% of patients. However, tricuspid valve growth in relation to somatic growth was minimal. Thus, small tricuspid valve size might limit the long-term success of biventricular repair achieved by means of right ventricular sinus myectomy.
Imaging: Reducing cardiac CT radiation through community outreach.

Radiation exposure from cardiac CT is currently under a high level of scrutiny, and many patients may be receiving excessive radiation from this test. A study by Raff and colleagues—aimed at reducing this radiation through a statewide initiative—helps define the potential for improving the safety of cardiac CT at community medical centers.
Characterization of an optogenetic translation activation system

Considerable work has focused on developing systems to control cellular events using light, which is nontoxic to most mammalian cells and can be delivered with spatiotemporal control. We have developed a genetically encoded optogenetic system in which blue light activates target mRNA translation in mammalian cells. Specifically, we used blue light to induce the reconstitution of an RNA binding domain and a translation initiation domain, thereby activating target mRNA translation downstream of binding sites. We found that the influence of the ratio of the amount of reporter plasmid to that of effector plasmid on translation activation is small, which demonstrates the robustness of system to plasmid amounts. We also found that increasing the number of binding sites (aptamers) on the target mRNA enhanced translation activation in a light-sensitive manner.
Sex, side, and severity in spontaneous malformations of fetal A/JKt mice, and their associations with each other and with fetal weight

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) and open eyelid (OL) occur spontaneously in rather high frequencies in A/JKt mice, but vary greatly in their degree, laterality, and sex distribution. CLP occurs significantly more often in females, and OL even more often in males, than in the opposite sex. The female preponderance for CLP was largely if not entirely due to the increased rate of occurrence of left and incomplete forms of the defect, and to the excess in females heavier than the female median weight; whereas the male preponderance for OL could not be explained by any clear or major disparities of these sorts. CLP and OL occurred together more often than expected in individuals, but not in litters. There was no relation between the rate of defects in successive litters of the same female; nor was a relation detected between extent and severity of defect.
VOTERS' FICKLENESS: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

This paper presents a spatial agent-based model in order to study the evolution of voters' choice during the campaign of a two-candidate election. Each agent, represented by a point inside a two-dimensional square, is under the influence of its neighboring agents, located at a Euclidean distance less than or equal to d, and under the equal influence of both candidates seeking to win its support. Moreover, each agent located at time t at a given point moves at the next timestep to a randomly selected neighboring location distributed normally around its position at time t. Besides their location in space, agents are characterized by their level of awareness, a real a ∈ [0, 1], and their opinion ω ∈ {-1, 0, +1}, where -1 and +1 represent the respective intentions to cast a ballot in favor of one of the two candidates while 0 indicates either disinterest or refusal to vote. The essential purpose of the paper is qualitative; its aim is to show that voters' fickleness is strongly correlated to the level of voters' awareness and the efficiency of candidates' propaganda.
Masculine Responses to Loss: Clinical Implications

Gender differences in grieving are receiving growing attention. The prevalent view is that men often need help with their grieving. The bereaved male is frequently seen as impaired by an apparent inability both to express feelings and to seek social support. The authors present a pattern of grieving — masculine grief — contending that it is different, but not deficient. The use of the term “masculine” emphasises that the pattern is gender-related, not gender-specific. The authors identify the elements of masculine grief and furnish appropriate counselling interventions.
On the dependence of fracture toughness on metallurgical factors

Abstract The impact of metallurgical factors, such as microstructure, impurities and grain size on the value of fracture toughness, is discussed. Some evidence exists for the beneficial effects of retained austenite, low impurity content and small grain size in improving the fracture toughness of steels. In materials with a Widmanstatten structure, increasing the grain size has a beneficial effect on fracture toughness. If the chemistry of an alloy is known, it is possible to design heat treatments so as to improve effectively the resistance to fracture of the said alloy. Research on the fracture behavior of metallic materials should be accompanied by a complete metallographic examination and correlation of metallurgical factors with the material behavior under the condition of a propagating crack.
The distribution of the ‘finitely many times’ in the strong law of large numbers

Abstract Consider independent, identically distributed random variables X1, X2,… with common mean μ. Let Sn = Σ1nX1. and for e > 0 let N(e) count the number of values of n for which n−1Sn − μ > e. This note discusses the distribution of N(e), thereby elucidating the fluctuations associated with the Strong Law of Large Numbers.
Changes in the Otsego Lake Macrobenthos Communities Between 1935 and 1994

ABSTRACT Otsego Lake fills a depression formed by the overdeepening of the headwaters of the Susquehanna River in New York State. The lake is dimictic. During summer stratification hypolimnetic waters become oxygen depleted impacting cold-water fish habitat and resulting in changes over time in the distributions of profundal macroinvertebrates. Changes in benthic communities have occurred concurrent with changes in water quality, but not with precipitation. There is debate whether recent trends are due to meteorologically driven anomalies or to changing conditions due to human impacts on nutrient loading. Artificial changes in lake level, impacts of legislation, alterations of on-site sewage disposal and exotic introductions further complicate analysis. Eulittoral macrobenthic species richness was calculated by combining records of taxa collected from 1968–88 and comparing them to collections made from 1989–93. Lake wide average species richness has decreased 27.5%; EPT (pollution intolerant Ephemeroptera...
Abundance Patterns of Diatoms on Cladophora in Lake Huron with Respect to a Point Source of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

Epiphytic diatoms on Cladophora were collected from July to September, 1979, at various distances from a point source of municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent to Lake Huron. Diatom accumulation rates were positively related to distance from the point source. Despite higher nutrient concentrations nearest the point source, low accumulation rates of Cladophora-epiphyte assemblage biomass and epiphytic diatoms indicated moderate growth inhibition by an undetermined factor. Evaluation of epiphytic diatom population abundance and ecology plus diatom taxocene species diversity supported our conclusions. A curvilinear relationship between diatom species diversity and impacts of growth inhibition is proposed and discussed. The diatom proportion of Cladophora-epiphyte assemblage biomass was positively related to distance from the point source of sewage effluent.
Crawling movements of lymphocytes on and beneath fibroblasts in culture.

Abstract Some lymphocytes become highly motile upon immunological stimulation in vivo or in vitro. When introduced into a culture of 3T3 or L cells and followed by live-cell microscopy, some of these lymphocytes were observed to crawl on top of, along the edges of, and preferentially beneath the attached fibroblasts. The crawling could be as rapid as 20 μm/min, easily detectable without a time-lapse device. The striking ability of crawling lymphocytes to penetrate beneath attached 3T3 cells provided a quantitative means to compare the crawling activity of different lymphocyte populations under various conditions. Crawling was diminished by inhibitors of energy metabolism, by agents that disrupt the cytoskeleton, and by absence of Mg2+ and Ca2+, but not of Ca2+ alone. Crawling lymphocytes were virtually absent in normal thymus and spleen cells. They increased greatly in 5-day mixed lymphocyte cultures and in peritoneal exudate lymphocytes taken after mice had been immunized with allogeneic tumor cells. T cells accounted for most of the crawlers. Of two T-cell leukemias tested, R1+ cells were crawlers whereas EL-4 cells were not. The H-2 haplotype of the 3T3 fibroblasts (i.e., whether syngeneic or allogeneic) had no apparent effect on lymphocyte crawling activity. The crawling may relate to the exploration of cell surface antigens by lymphocytes (immune surveillance), to the mode of action of cytotoxic T cells, to the migration of lymphocytes across blood vessel walls, or to the penetration of lymphocytes into “solid” masses of normal tissue or tumor cells.
Low doses of interferon alpha result in more effective clinical natural killer cell activation.

Abstract To define critical parameters concerning interferon (IFN) effects upon natural killer (NK) cells in vivo, we gave cancer patients serial weekly intramuscular injections of purified lymphoblastoid IFN in six doses ranging from 10(5) to 3 X 10(7) U. Dose sequences were determined by randomly allocating patients to one of six levels in a latin square ordering scheme. NK cell stimulation, a threefold peak increase above preinjection levels of cytolysis (P = 0.022), occurred in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMC) sampled 24 h postinjection, of 3 X 10(6) U, but was not detectable at any dose in PMC sampled 7 d postinjection. No blunting occurred in NK cell responsiveness to repeated injection of IFN dosages a second time at or several weeks after study completion. At IFN doses of 3 X 10(6), 10(7), and 3 X 10(7) U, a negative correlation existed between the amount of IFN injected and the average extent of NK cell activation (r = -0.423, P less than 0.05). This contrasted with the progressively increasing response of NK cells to in vitro incubation with increasing concentration of up to 3,000 U/ml of IFN. Overnight culturing of PMC sampled before IFN injections resulted in a mean 1.9-fold increase in cytolytic activity (P = 0.0005) and a mean 53% decrease in variance (P = 0.024) between serial preinjection NK cell activity determinations. Cell separation procedures may, therefore, have resulted in NK cell inactivation, from which overnight culturing permitted recovery. We found that maximal NK cell activation at a low IFN dose, decreasing NK cell responsiveness at higher doses, and the need to culture PMC to efficiently detect NK cell boosting may account for disparities in reported effects of IFN on NK cell function.
Entrepreneurial exit as a critical component of the entrepreneurial process: Theoretical development

Abstract By demonstrating the importance of entrepreneurial exit to the entrepreneur, the firm, the industry, and the economy I contend that our understanding of the entrepreneurial process is incomplete without the inclusion of entrepreneurial exit. I define entrepreneurial exit and demonstrate how this conceptualization provides concepts that are unique from those addressed by researchers in other domains; thus outlining a space for it within the literature. In each phase of the entrepreneurial process I explore the development of an exit strategy, reasons for exit and options for exit.
Harmonic analysis of SL(2) over a locally compact field

Abstract We carry over the pioneer work of Kunze and Stein concerning representation theory and harmonic analysis on SL (2, R) to the group G = SL (2, K ), K a locally compact totally disconnected nondiscrete field. The main result is that convolution by an L p ( G ) function, 1 ⩽ p L 2 ( G ). To accomplish this result we develop the appropriate estimates (which depend upon the work of Sally et al. ) that enable us to apply the Kunze and Stein interpolation theory to the Fourier-Laplace transform for the group G . Best possible estimates are obtained.
ChIP-seq and Beyond: new and improved methodologies to detect and characterize protein-DNA interactions

Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) detect protein-DNA binding events and chemical modifications of histone proteins. Challenges in the standard ChIP-seq protocol have motivated recent enhancements in this approach, such as reducing the number of cells that are required and increasing the resolution. Complementary experimental approaches - for example, DNaseI hypersensitive site mapping and analysis of chromatin interactions that are mediated by particular proteins - provide additional information about DNA-binding proteins and their function. These data are now being used to identify variability in the functions of DNA-binding proteins across genomes and individuals. In this Review, I describe the latest advances in methods to detect and functionally characterize DNA-bound proteins.
Experiential Learning and Its Impact on Students’ Attitudes Toward Youth With Disabilities:

This research uses contact theory to examine the impact of a service learning class on college students’ attitudes toward people with disabilities. Students were involved in both lecture material a...
Nonnegative group-monotone matrices and the minus partial order

Bapat et al. previously described a class of nonnegative matrices dominated by a nonnegative idempotent matrix under the minus partial order. In this paper, we improve upon that description by first presenting a more general result that gives the precise structure of nonnegative matrices dominated by a group-monotone matrix under the minus partial order. As a special case we derive the complete class of nonnegative matrices dominated by a nonnegative idempotent matrix that includes the class obtained by Bapat et al.
Ca2+ oscillations induced by testosterone enhance neurite outgrowth

Testosterone has short- and long-term roles in regulating neuronal function. Here, we show rapid intracellular androgen receptor-independent effects of testosterone on intracellular Ca2+ in neuroblastoma cells. We identified testosterone-induced Ca2+ signals that began primarily at the neurite tip, followed by propagation towards the nucleus, which was then repeated to create an oscillatory pattern. The initial transient depended upon production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], but subsequent transients required both extracellular Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Inhibition of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein receptors or the use of siRNA for the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor type 1 blocked the Ca2+ response, whereas inhibition or knock-down of the intracellular androgen receptor was without effect. Cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ were buffered with parvalbumin engineered to be targeted to the cytosol or nucleus. Cytoplasmic parvalbumin blocked Ca2+ signaling in both compartments; nuclear parvalbumin blocked only nuclear signals. Expression of a mutant parvalbumin did not modify the testosterone-induced Ca2+ signal. Neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells was enhanced by the addition of testosterone. This effect was inhibited when cytosolic Ca2+ was buffered and was attenuated when parvalbumin was targeted to the nucleus. Our results are consistent with a fast effect of testosterone, involving Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ oscillations and support the notion that there is synergism in the pathways used for neuronal cell differentiation involving rapid non-genomic effects and the classical genomic actions of androgens.
INFLUENCE OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE INFECTION ON PLANT–SOIL FEEDBACK AND COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS

Interactions between plants and soil affect plant–plant interactions and community composition. Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) is often infected with the mutualistic fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Infected (E+) F. arundinacea has been reported to inhibit soil pathogens, nematodes, and mycorrhizal fungi, and to have greater mineral uptake from the soil relative to uninfected (E−) F. arundinacea. In addition, endophyte presence may indirectly influence the soil by altering the plant–plant interactions and the composition of communities. Recent studies have shown that local plant species diversity was reduced in experimental field plots with E+ F. arundinacea compared to plots with E− plants. Endophyte-induced changes, direct or indirect, in biotic or abiotic soil properties could therefore affect subsequent plant growth. We investigated soil-mediated effects of E+ F. arundinacea on E+ and E− F. arundinacea, Trifolium repens, and Plantago lanceolata by growing each in soil collected from the ...
Development of Embedded Diagnostics for Internal Flow-Field Measurements in Gas Turbine Engines *

Recent interest in advanced gas turbine engine development and condition monitoring has revealed the need for more robust internal flow-field diagnostics. Conventional internal flowfield diagnostics have been limited to coarse temperature measurements from submerged thermocouples, wall surface pressure measurements, or specialized diagnostics systems configured specifically for rigs or flow simulators. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the development of flow-field probes and optical diagnostics systems to obtain flow-field characteristics in high-temperature combustion environments; however, the probes are bulky and suitable only for exit plane measurements, and the optical techniques are limited by lack of optical access. Personnel at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) at Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, have initiated efforts to pursue the development of embedded diagnostics for internal flow-field measurements in gas turbine engines. This paper discusses recent accomplishments and future plans in cooled miniature probe development, embedded sensor progress, and advances in optical techniques that may be applied to internal flow-field measurements in gas turbine engines.
Relations versus Properties in Conceptual Combination

We evaluate the hypothesis that people interpret noun-noun combinations by first attempting to find a plausible relation in which the constituents play different functional roles (as in ‘‘a hawk that preys on robins’’ for robin hawk). If they do not succeed, they then attempt as a last resort to derive an interpretation based on properties of the modifier (‘‘hawk with a red breast’’). In one study, combinations with plausible relations were more often interpreted with properties when their constituents were highly similar. In a second study, property and relation interpretations of the same combination were selectively primed. In a final study, we show that property interpretations characterize the meanings of a number of familiar combinations in the English language. Taken together, the results of these studies run counter to the view that concepts are combined by first attempting to link them by a relation. We describe other reasons to doubt this view and discuss the implications of our findings for models of conceptual combination. q 1998 Academic Press
Building health care system capacity: training health care professionals in disaster preparedness health care coalitions.

Introduction This study aimed to learn from the experiences of well-established, disaster preparedness-focused health care coalition (HCC) leaders for the purpose of identifying opportunities for improved delivery of disaster-health principles to health professionals involved in HCCs. This report describes current HCC education and training needs, challenges, and promising practices. METHODS: A semi-structured interview was conducted with a sample of leaders of nine preparedness-focused HCCs identified through a 3-stage purposive strategy. Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: Training needs included: stakeholder engagement; economic sustainability; communication; coroner and mortuary services; chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE); mass-casualty incidents; and exercise design. Of these identified training needs, stakeholder engagement, economic sustainability, and exercise design were relevant to leaders within HCCs, as opposed to general HCC membership. Challenges to education and training included a lack of time, little-to-no staff devoted to training, and difficulty getting coalition members to prioritize training. Promising practices to these challenges are also presented. CONCLUSIONS: The success of mature coalitions in improving situational awareness, promoting planning, and enabling staff- and resource-sharing suggest the strengths and opportunities that are inherent within these organizations. However, offering effective education and training opportunities is a challenge in the absence of ubiquitous support, incentives, or requirements among health care professions. Notably, an online resource repository would help reduce the burden on individual coalitions by eliminating the need to continually develop learning opportunities. Walsh L , Craddock H , Gulley K , Strauss-Riggs K , Schor KW. Building health care system capacity: training health care professionals in disaster preparedness health care coalitions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-8. Language: en
'Mommy knows best': parents' perceptions of their infant's health.

The purpose of the research presented in this article is to analyze how parents assess their child's health, ranging from excellent to poor. Specifically, it asks how the sociodemographic and healt...
Noise properties of AlGaAs/GaAs MODFET's

An analytically tractable model is presented for the calculation of noise performance of a modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET). The charge control is based on the self-consistent solution of Schrodinger and Poisson's equation. An improved velocity-field characteristic is used in the calculation. The fit provided by the developed theory to the experimental data is excellent. >
Looking beyond the face: a training to improve perceivers' impressions of people with facial paralysis.

Abstract Objective Healthcare providers and lay people alike tend to form inaccurate first impressions of people with facial movement disorders such as facial paralysis (FP) because of the natural tendency to base impressions on the face. This study tested the effectiveness of the first interpersonal sensitivity training for FP. Methods Undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to one of two training conditions or an untrained control. Education raised awareness about FP symptoms and experiences and instructed participants to form their impressions based on cues from the body and voice rather than the face. Education + feedback added feedback about the correctness of participants’ judgments. Subsequently, participants watched 30 s video clips of people with FP and rated their extraversion. Results Participants’ bias and accuracy in the two training conditions did not significantly differ, but they were significantly less biased than controls. Training did not improve the more challenging task of accurately detecting individual differences in extraversion. Conclusion Educating people improves bias, but not accuracy, of impressions of people with FP. Practice implications Information from the education condition could be delivered in a pamphlet to those likely to interact with this population such as healthcare providers and educators.
The impact of software engineering research on modern programming languages

Software engineering research and programming language design have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship, with traceable impacts since the 1970s, when these areas were first distinguished from one another. This report documents this relationship by focusing on several major features of current programming languages: data and procedural abstraction, types, concurrency, exceptions, and visual programming mechanisms. The influences are determined by tracing references in publications in both fields, obtaining oral histories from language designers delineating influences on them, and tracking cotemporal research trends and ideas as demonstrated by workshop topics, special issue publications, and invited talks in the two fields. In some cases there is conclusive data supporting influence. In other cases, there are circumstantial arguments (i.e., cotemporal ideas) that indicate influence. Using this approach, this study provides evidence of the impact of software engineering research on modern programming language design and documents the close relationship between these two fields.
The relationship between electrogram cycle length and dominant frequency in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Sites of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) with a short mean cycle length (MCL) and sites with a high dominant frequency (DF) have been advocated as targets for ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there are little data on the relationship between theses 2 markers. This study assessed the relationship between the DF and electrogram MCL after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in patients with persistent AF. Methods and Results: A total of 44 patients with persistent AF were studied. Four-second bipolar electrograms were obtained with a multielectrode mapping catheter at regions throughout the left atrium after isolation of the pulmonary veins, with analysis of the MCL and DF at each site. The DF was defined as the largest frequency peak within a 2.5- to 16-Hz spectral profile generated with fast Fourier transformation of the electrogram. A total of 9,262 electrograms from the 44 patients were analyzed. The average MCL and DF post-PV isolation were 135 ± 24 ms and 6.1 ± 0.6 Hz, respectively. There was a statistically significant but weak correlation between the MCL and DF (r = 0.21, P < 0.001). Additionally, analysis of this relationship within each patient did not demonstrate a strong correlation (range of r values per patient =−0.18 to 0.47). Conclusions: There is a poor correlation between the electrogram MCL and DF in patients with persistent AF. Ablation strategies targeting DF and those targeting CFAE are therefore unlikely to direct ablation toward similar left atrial sites. Comparative studies are necessary to determine the effectiveness of each strategy in guiding catheter ablation of persistent AF.
A succinct rating scale for radiology report quality.

Context Poorly written radiology reports are common among residents and are a significant challenge for radiology education. While training may improve report quality, a professionally developed reliable and valid scale to measure report quality does not exist. Objectives To develop a measurement tool for report quality, the quality of report scale, with rigorous validation through empirical data. Methods A research team of an experienced psychometrician and six senior radiologists conducted qualitative and quantitative studies. Five items were identified for the quality of report scale, each measuring a distinct aspect of report quality. Two dedicated training sessions were designed and implemented to help residents generate high-quality reports. In a blinded fashion, the quality of report scale was applied to 804 randomly selected reports issued before (n = 403) and after (n = 401) training. Full-scale psychometrical assessments were implemented onto the quality of report scale's item- and scale-scores from the reports. The quality of report scale scores were correlated with report professionalism and attendings' preference and were compared pre-/post-training. Results The quality of report scale showed sound psychometrical properties, with high validity and reliability. Reports with higher quality of report scale score were more professional and preferable by attendings. Training improved the quality of report scale score, empirically validating the quality of report scale further. Conclusion While succinct and practitioner friendly, the quality of report scale is a reliable and valid measure of radiology report quality and has the potential to be easily adapted to other fields such as pathology, where similar training would be beneficial.
A noise reducing sampling approach for uncovering critical properties in large scale biological networks

A correlation network is a graph-based representation of relationships among genes or gene products, such as proteins. The advent of high-throughput bioinformatics has resulted in the generation of volumes of data that require sophisticated in silico models, such as the correlation network, for in-depth analysis. Each element in our network represents expression levels of multiple samples of one gene and an edge connecting two nodes reflects the correlation level between the two corresponding genes in the network according to the Pearson correlation coefficient. Biological networks made in this manner are generally found to adhere to a scale-free structural nature, that is, it is modular and adheres to a power-law degree distribution. Filtering these structures to remove noise and coincidental edges in the network is a necessity for network theorists because unfortunately, when examining entire genomes at once, network size and complexity can act as a bottleneck for network manageability. Our previous work demonstrated that chordal graph based sampling of network results in viable models. In this paper, we extend our research to investigate how different orderings affect the results of our sampling, and maintain the viability of resulting network structures. Our results show that chordal graph based sampling not only conserves clusters that are present within the original networks, but by reducing noise can also help uncover additional functional clusters that were previously not obtainable from the original network.
On orbit closures of groups

We establish some results about orbit closures of permutation groups and their relationship to the automorphism groups of power-set graphs with colorings. One of our theorems proves that an arbitrary group can be realized as the automorphism group of a colored power-set graph.
Role for memory capacity in sentence comprehension: Evidence from acute stroke

Background: Previous research has suggested that short-term and working memory (WM) resources play a critical role in sentence comprehension, especially when comprehension mechanisms cannot rely on semantics alone. However, few studies have examined this association in participants in acute stroke, before the opportunity for therapy and reorganisation of cognitive functions.Aims: The present study examined the hypothesis that severity of short-term memory (STM) deficit due to acute stroke predicts the severity of impairment in the comprehension of syntactically complex sentences. Furthermore, we examined the association between damage to the short-term and WM network and impaired sentence comprehension, as an association would be predicted by the previous hypothesis.Methods & Procedures: Forty-seven participants with acute stroke and 14 participants with a transient ischemic attack (TIA; the control group) were included in the present study. Participants received a language battery and clinical or researc...
Shielding effectiveness-why don't we have a consensus industry standard?

The discussion presented on the various shielding effectiveness measurement techniques for EMI shielding components shows the lack of industry consensus in this area. Efforts such as the IEEE EMC Society P1302 project will provide some help in the EMI gasket area. Similarly, the IEEE STD 299 revision effort may provide guidance in the smaller shielded enclosure area. ASTM D 4935 revisions and the new ASTM transfer impedance gasket test method should help as well. However, consensus industry standards do not exist for shielding effectiveness. Most ofthe established, legitimized measurement standards have limitations or shortcomings that have led to unrestrained and undisciplined modifications. It is time for those interested in shielding effectiveness measurement to get involved with standards developing organizations such as the IEEE EMC Society, to help create better EMI measurement standards.
Items for evaluating humor

Examining the factor structure of scales used to evaluate humor suggested that satirical messages are evaluated along a series of collapsible factors which merge with other similarly acting factors to form broader evaluative dimension. A humor dimension was the only consistent factor identified.