cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
a Hybrid, Quantum-Classical Approach for the Computation of Dislocation Properties in Real Materials:. Method, Limitations and Applications

In this work we introduce a hybrid ab initio-classical simulation methodology designed to incorporate the chemistry into the description of phenomena that, intrinsically, require very large systems to be properly described. This hybrid approach allows us to conduct large-scale atomistic simulations with a simple classical potential (embedded atom method (EAM), for instance) while simultaneously using a more accurate ab initio approach for critical embedded regions. The coupling is made through shared atomic shells where the two atomistic modeling approaches are relaxed in an iterative, self-consistent manner. The magnitude of the incompatibility forces arising in the shared shell is analyzed, and possible terminations for the embedded region are discussed, as a way to reduce such forces. As a test case, the formation energy of a single vacancy in aluminum at different distances from an edge dislocation is studied. Results obtained using the hybrid approach are compared to those obtained using classical methods alone, and the range of validity for the classical approach is evaluated.
Neutron resonance spectroscopy. X. 232 Th and 238 U

Neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy measurements were made for a range of sample thicknesses of $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ and $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ using the Nevis synchrocyclotron. These included transmission measurements using 200- and 40-m paths, self-indication measurements at 40 m, and Moxon-Rae capture measurements at 33 m. Resonance energies and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}$ values were obtained for $n=302$ levels in $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ to 4.0 keV and 269 levels in $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ to 4.6 keV, with essentially no missed $s$ levels and inclusion of a significant number of $p$ levels. ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ values were obtained for 84 levels in $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ and 71 in $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ to 2400 eV, with $〈{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}〉=[21.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 (\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9 (\mathrm{syst}.)] \mathrm{meV} (^{232}\mathrm{Th}) \mathrm{and} [22.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 (\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9 (\mathrm{syst}.)] \mathrm{meV} (^{238}\mathrm{U})$. In both cases a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ analysis gives \ensuremath{\sim}100 degrees of freedom including the effects of measurement errors. The values for the resonance energies were obtained from the data before the analysis was completed for ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ values. The division of the levels into $s$ and $p$ populations, described in detail elsewhere, was made to achieve a "best" fit to many statistical tests relating to the orthogonal-ensemble theory for single level populations, with a resulting good fit to numerous tests. For the chosen $s$ level population, ${10}^{4} {S}_{0}=(0.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08) \mathrm{for} ^{232}\mathrm{Th} \mathrm{and} (1.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10) \mathrm{for} ^{238}\mathrm{U}$. The $s$ population $〈D〉=16.7 \mathrm{eV} (^{232}\mathrm{Th}) \mathrm{and} 20.8 \mathrm{eV} (^{238}\mathrm{U})$. The fits to the Porter-Thomas theory for ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}^{0}$ distributions were generally good for the full 3-keV regions, with a small anomaly for the behavior of $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ to 500 eV which has been reported by others. The remaining $p$ levels have ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}$ values which are consistent with $p$ strength function ${10}^{4} {S}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}0.9 \mathrm{for} ^{232}\mathrm{Th} \mathrm{to} 400$ eV and ${10}^{4} {S}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}1.4 \mathrm{for} ^{238}\mathrm{U} \mathrm{to} 1200$ eV. Larger ${S}_{1}$ values by other groups are due to their inclusion as stronger $p$ levels, ones which we call $s$ levels. Effective potential scattering radii were found to be (9.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3) fm for $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ and (9.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3) fm for $^{238}\mathrm{U}$.
An Examination of the Temporal Intricacies of Job Engagement

In this article, we theoretically develop and test the temporal intricacies of job engagement. Drawing on the attention view of social cognition, we examine the interplay of employees’ temporally relevant perspectives of fit (i.e., retrospected, current, and anticipated) within their ongoing membership to the organization. Utilizing field data gathered from a large multinational company over multiple time periods, we found support for a conditional indirect effect model. Specifically, our findings showed that current needs-supply (NS) fit accounted for two of the previously investigated antecedents of job engagement (i.e., psychological meaningfulness and safety), especially when organizational identification was low. Moreover, anticipated perceptions of NS fit fully mediated the influences of psychological meaningfulness and availability on job engagement. The mediating effect relating to psychological availability was also especially pronounced when organizational identification was low. By shedding lig...
A Hybrid Atomistic Electrodynamics–Quantum Mechanical Approach for Simulating Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a technique that has broad implications for biological and chemical sensing applications by providing the ability to simultaneously detect and identify a single molecule. The Raman scattering of molecules adsorbed on metal nanoparticles can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude. These enhancements stem from a twofold mechanism: an electromagnetic mechanism (EM), which is due to the enhanced local field near the metal surface, and a chemical mechanism (CM), which is due to the adsorbate specific interactions between the metal surface and the molecules. The local field near the metal surface can be significantly enhanced due to the plasmon excitation, and therefore chemists generally accept that the EM provides the majority of the enhancements.While classical electrodynamics simulations can accurately simulate the local electric field around metal nanoparticles, they offer few insights into the spectral changes that occur in SERS. First-principles simulations ca...
Higher Education: the Future: Professional societies have an important role in education as new technologies and approaches are implemented

More and more, higher education is transforming from closed, instructor-led classrooms to open, student-directed communities of learning. College-level content is accessible anywhere and anytime. Formal courses, such as those from MIT OpenCourseWare and the Open University (United Kingdom), are available to all of us. In addition, learning resources from collections such as the National Science Digital Library, Open Educational Resources, and Public Knowledge Project bring up-to-date information to the public. Wikipedia, YouTube, and Flickr convert and organize content into accessible formats for students from diverse learning, lingual, and cultural backgrounds. New communities in Facebook, LinkedIn, and WordPress facilitate sharing and discussions. Smart phones and other mobile devices bring content and people to students continuously. I believe these platforms and others will continue to transform the lives of college students, faculty, and others involved in science. Anyone wanting to discover new content and attempt new experiences will do so using emerging technologies, information, and experts from the Internet.
Recent development of SWIR focal plane array with InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum wells

HgCdTe (MCT) is predominantly used for infrared imaging applications even in SWIR region. However, MCT is expensive and contains environmentally hazardous substances. Therefore, its application has been restricted mainly military and scientific use and was not spread to commercial use. InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum well structures are considered as an attractive material for realizing low dark current PDs owing to lattice-matching to InP substrate. Moreover, III-V compound material systems are suitable for commercial use. In this report, we describe successful operation of focal plane array (FPA) with InGaAs/GaAsSb quantum wells and mention improvement of optical characteristics. Planar type pin-PDs with 250-pairs InGaAs(5nm)/GaAsSb(5nm) quantum well absorption layer were fabricated. The p-n junction was formed in the absorption layer by the selective diffusion of zinc. Electrical and optical characteristics of FPA or pin-PDs were investigated. Dark current of 1μA/cm 2 at 210K, which showed good uniformity and led to good S/N ratio in SWIR region, was obtained. Further, we could successfully reduce of stray light in the cavity of FPA with epoxy resin. As a result, the clear image was taken with 320x256 format and 7% contrast improvement was achieved. Reliability test of 10,000 heat cycles was carried out. No degradations were found in FPA characteristics of the epoxy coated sample. This result means FPA using InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum wells is a promising candidate for commercial applications.
In vitro viable skin model.

Until recently, in vitro percutaneous absorption studies were conducted with non-viable skin. Early studies have shown that for many chemicals good in vivo-in vitro agreement can be obtained with nonviable skin (Bronaugh et al., 1982a). This is most likely due to the fact that the nonliving upper layer of skin, the stratum corneum, is a major barrier to absorption. However, no information was obtained in these studies about first-pass metabolism in skin.
CHAPTER 4 – The Sine Wave and Phase

The concept of instantaneous voltage is vital to an understanding of an alternating current (AC) waveform. This chapter describes the use of the sine function to determine instantaneous voltage and current values of a sine wave. The relationship of the sinusoidal waveform to the trigonometric sine function is useful in determining the instantaneous value of a sinusoidal voltage or a current waveform at any electrical degree point. The current that flows as a result of the applied sinusoidal voltage is also a sinusoidal waveform. The peak value of the current can be calculated. The peak value of current in a resistive circuit is simply the peak value of voltage divided by the resistance in the circuit. The chapter introduces radian as a unit of angular measure. Phase angle gives the relationship between two or more sinusoidal waveforms. It is just a convenient way of exactly describing the relationship of one sine wave to another. When the phase difference between two waveforms is zero, then they are said to be in-phase. A phase difference of 180 degrees accounts for out of phase condition between the waves. While comparing the phase difference between two waveforms, all the waveforms should of the same frequency.
The scleral ossicles of Opisthocomus and their phylogenetic significance

--Dried scleral rings of Opisthocomus, Galliformes, Cuculiformes, and other birds were examined to determine the pattern of ossicle overlap in Opisthocomus and its bearing on the phylogenetic relationships of this taxon. Although Opisthocomus shares a derived number of 12 scleral ossicles with cuculid Cuculiformes, the pattern of ossicle overlap differs. Nevertheless, fewer modifications are required to derive the number and pattern of ossicles in Opisthocomus from the conditions in cuculid or musophagid Cuculiformes than from the conditions in any galliform. Our findings also indicate that the scleral rings of birds, unlike those of lizards, often do not conserve overlap relations between adjacent ossicles during phylogeny. Received 2 March 1987, accepted 23 July 1987. THE phylogenetic relationships of the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) have been the subject of a long-standing controversy in systematic ornithology. An enigmatic inhabitant of the flooded forests of Amazonia, Opisthocomus has been regarded as most closely related to many avian taxa, but most commonly to either Cuculiformes or Galliformes (Olson 1985; reviewed by Sibley and Ahlquist 1972, 1973). One character that has been used to support a close relationship between the Opisthocomus and Cucullformes is the morphology of the sclerotic ring, a ring of small bones that develops within the sclera in the corneal hemisphere of the eye in birds and many other vertebrates (Edinger 1929). Lemmrich (1931) found that the scleral ring of Opisthocomus consists of 12 ossicles per eye, which is lower than the 13-16 ossicles he found in 10 species of cracid and phasianid Galliformes (all of which showed a modal number of 14) but is identical to that found in a single cuculiform, Cuculus canorus. In addition to ossicle number, the pattern in which the scleral ossicles overlap varies among avian taxa (Lemmrich 1931, Curtis and Miller 1938). Because the same number of ossicles may have been derived independently, simple counts can be misleading. The pattern of ossicle overlap provides evidence about ossicle homologies and hence about cases in which the same number of ossicles has been derived through the loss of different individual ossicles. Although the pattern of scleral ossicle overlap is known for many birds, it has been unknown for Opisthocomus. We compared the numbers of ossicles and their patterns of overlap in the scleral rings of larger samples of Opisthocomus, Cuculiformes, Galliformes, and other relevant avian taxa. Our findings have implications both for the relationships of Opisthocomus and for the manner in which scleral
Los pronombres de objeto directo te y você : variación lingüistica en el portugués brasileño

This article provides a variationist account of the linguistic factors that constrain the use of direct object pronouns te and voce in Brazilian Portuguese. Results indicate that the factor group verbal construction plays a significant role in the use of these variants. In synthetic verbal constructions, the pronoun te is favored (0.56), whereas in constructions with more than one verb variant voce is favored, both with two verbs (0.60) and with three verbs (0.79). From a theoretical standpoint, this article represents a contribution to variationist studies of Brazilian Portuguese, as it proposes the inclusion of a variable not yet studied in this variety, i.e. direct object pronouns with reference to second person singular. Original received: 2014/05/15Review sent to author: 2014/08/01Accepted: 2014/08/10
Abstract A2-67: Live cell imaging of ERK reveals unique inhibitor-specific adaptive responses

Defects in cell-to-cell signaling pathways can result in developmental abnormalities as well as cancer. The Ras/MAPK pathway is a central regulator of gene expression, cellular proliferation, and differentiation that is frequently de-regulated in cancer. While this pathway is a promising target for cancer therapeutics, a major obstacle is the tendency of the pathway to become re-activated via feedback within hours following inhibition. This adaptive response is important because the timing and duration of Ras/MAPK activity are known to determine the resulting cellular response and gene expression pattern. We have developed a new live-cell reporter, EKAR3, that allows ERK activity to be monitored with high temporal precision and resolution of heterogeneous individual cell behavior. To track the detailed pattern of adaptation to Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors, we imaged over 10,000 individual cells responding to specific inhibitors of EGFR, Raf, MEK, and ERK. ERK activity was immediately reduced upon inhibition, but returned after a period of time ranging from 1-12 hours, depending on the inhibitor and its concentration. Strikingly, different inhibitors were found to induce distinct ERK recovery patterns, ranging from frequent, high-amplitude pulses to extended steady-state activity. We then statistically analyzed the effect of these differential ERK responses on cell behavior to dissect elements of the temporal signal relevant for information transmission in the cell. Our results indicate that, at the level of individual cells, targeted inhibitors induce kinetically distinct adaptive responses, which are likely to determine their effectiveness in controlling different aspects of cellular proliferation, survival, and migration. Citation Format: Taryn E. Gillies, Kevin Distor, Marta Minguet Sanchez, Michael Pargett, John Albeck. Live cell imaging of ERK reveals unique inhibitor-specific adaptive responses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A2-67.
Study of lightning stroke trip-out fault analysis for transmission line

Based on the research of lightning stroke fault character discrimination method and lightning protection calculation method for transmission lines, the analysis method of transmission line lightning stroke trip-out fault is proposed in this paper. It includes 4 parts: collection and sorting of operation materials, information inquiry of lightning activities, judgment and analysis of lightning stroke accident character, and lightning protection performance calculation. The value of fault analysis is looking for the potential law of lightning faults, through many times of lightning failure analysis. The conclusion will provide specific guidance and advice for lightning protection measure implementation. An example of lightning stroke fault analysis for once lightning trip-out fault of 750kV transmission line in the year of 2009 is given in this paper. According to the line and fault data provided by operating units, compared with the detection information of LLS, the lightning withstanding level of shielding failure and back flashover were calculated. This trip-out fault was caused by lightning shielding failure, and the lightning currents which might cause this fault were found out. Because of the high height and complex topographical feature of tower, the transmission lines in this area were easily to be stroke by shielding failure. And the outside line located on the slope need to be paid much more attention to the shielding failure protection.
Paramedian Forehead Flap

The nose occupies a central location in the face, thus maintaining a principal factor in facial aesthetics. Any distortion would have major adverse repercussions on facial beauty. This has led to a near obsession in nasal reconstructive surgery preoccupying surgeons for many centuries. A variety of techniques have been described to reconstruct the nose. A deep understanding of nasal and facial anatomy is a prerequisite for both a successful and aesthetically pleasing outcome. A suitable harvest site would match the native nose in both texture and color, and have adequate tissue to reconstruct from partial subunits up to an entire nose. Additionally, adequate vascularity to survive transpositioning and sculpting is essential. Forehead flaps are two- to three-staged local musculocutaneous flaps based on a predictable pedicle with a distal random pattern of vascularity that meets the aforementioned criteria. Here we specifically discuss the paramedian forehead flap. This is centered over a single supratrochlear artery allowing the pedicle increased arc of rotation and adequate length. Main drawbacks being a vertical forehead scar, multiple stages, and the risk of necrosis if excessive distal flap thinning is undertaken at the outset in high-risk patients. Indications, preoperative markings, intraoperative steps, postoperative care, and a template of an operative dictation are included.
Reaching Your Community via Social Media: Academic Libraries and Librarians Using Facebook and Twitter for Outreach

In the case studies presented in this chapter, two librarians from a large U.S. university library share experiences and recommendations for using social media as a library communication tool. Emily Treptow managed Facebook and Twitter accounts for a branch business library. Deborah Margolis uses a personal Facebook account as a liaison librarian, and reports on colleagues’ Twitter usage. In this chapter, Margolis and Treptow primarily use personal observation to make recommendations for branch library and subject librarian social media usage. Choosing a social media platform, best practices for using social media (such as how much, when, and what to post), and assessing your social media use will be discussed. Considerations including audience, privacy, content and format of posts, frequency and timing of posts, and time commitment of the librarian will be addressed.
Variable-Velocity Traveling-Wave Ion Mobility Separation Enhancing Peak Capacity for Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics

High mass accuracy, data-dependent acquisition is the current standard method in mass spectrometry-based peptide annotation and quantification. In high complexity samples, limited instrument scan speeds often result in under-sampling. In contrast, all-ion data-independent acquisition methods bypass precursor selection, alternating high and low collision energies to analyze product and precursor ions across wide mass ranges. Despite capturing data for all events, peptide annotation is limited by inadequate alignment algorithms or overlapping ions. Ion mobility separation can add an orthogonal analytical dimension, reducing ion interference to improve reproducibility, peak capacity, and peptide identifications to rival modern hybrid quadrupole orbitrap systems. Despite the advantages of ion mobility separation in complex proteomics analyses, there has been no quantitative measure of ion mobility resolution in a complex proteomic sample. Here, we present TWIMExtract, a data extraction tool to export defined ...
Complementary Intradermal and Patch Testing for Increased Diagnostic Accuracy of Nickel Allergy in Non-Celiac Wheat Insensitivity

D’Alcamo et al. astutely highlighted a potential immunologic association between nickel allergy, determined by positive epicutaneous patch testing, and the rise of non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) in the world of gluten-related diseases. Consecutive algorithms including both patch and intradermal testing could provide vital information to more accurately define the patient populations with NCWS, systemic nickel allergy syndrome, and nickel-associated allergic contact dermatitis.
JANUS — A setup for low-energy Coulomb excitation at ReA3

Abstract A new experimental setup for low-energy Coulomb excitation experiments was constructed in a collaboration between the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and the University of Rochester and was commissioned at the general purpose beam line of NSCL’s ReA3 reaccelerator facility. The so-called JANUS setup combines γ -ray detection with the Se gmented G e A rray (SeGA) and scattered particle detection using a pair of segmented double-sided Si detectors (Bambino 2). The low-energy Coulomb excitation program that JANUS enables will complement intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation studies that have long been performed at NSCL by providing access to observables that quantify collectivity beyond the first excited state, including the sign and magnitude of excited-state quadrupole moments. In this work, the setup and its performance will be described based on the commissioning run that used stable 78Kr impinging onto a 1.09 mg/cm 2 208Pb target at a beam energy of 3.9 MeV/u.
Consumption of NADPH for 2-HG Synthesis Increases Pentose Phosphate Pathway Flux and Sensitizes Cells to Oxidative Stress.

Summary Gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) occur in multiple types of human cancer. Here, we show that these mutations significantly disrupt NADPH homeostasis by consuming NADPH for 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) synthesis. Cells respond to 2-HG synthesis, but not exogenous administration of 2-HG, by increasing pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux. We show that 2-HG production competes with reductive biosynthesis and the buffering of oxidative stress, processes that also require NADPH. IDH1 mutants have a decreased capacity to synthesize palmitate and an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that, even when NADPH is limiting, IDH1 mutants continue to synthesize 2-HG at the expense of other NADPH-requiring pathways that are essential for cell viability. Thus, rather than attempting to decrease 2-HG synthesis in the clinic, the consumption of NADPH by mutant IDH1 may be exploited as a metabolic weakness that sensitizes tumor cells to ionizing radiation, a commonly used anti-cancer therapy.
Biology and Sex Disparities in Melanoma Outcomes

The incidence of malignant melanoma in most developed countries has risen faster than any other cancer type; In the United States in 2016, women accounted for 39% of the 76,380 new cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma, and only 33% of the 10,130 were melanoma-related deaths. Gender differences in melanoma incidence and outcomes have been consistently observed even when adjusting for prognostic factors such as age, Breslow thickness, body site, ulceration, lymph node dissection, and for treatment. The mechanisms underlying this disparity are not well understood but likely related to both behavioral and biological etiologies. This chapter examines the cumulative evidence for biologically based processes that lead to differences in melanoma biology in men and women, including inherent sex-based differences in immune function, oxidative stress response and vitamin D metabolism; the complex interplay between sex hormones, the immune system and oxidative stress response; the effect of non-random X chromosome inactivation on tumorigenesis; and the potential contribution of recently identified oncogenes on the Y chromosome.
Early Interventions for the Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Survivors of Critical Illness: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Objectives:Posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of critical illness is of public health importance, as it is common and reduces patient quality of life. The objective of this systematic review was to collate the world’s literature on interventions aimed at preventing posttraumatic stress di
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of self-diffusion in Al-Si binary melts

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been used to predict diffusion coefficients in Al–Si binary melts as a function of composition and temperature. The self-diffusion coefficients of Al and Si are obtained from the mean-squared displacements and velocity autocorrelation functions employing two different exchange correlation functionals. The Si-concentrations include 0, 7, 12 and 15 at% Si with temperature ranging from 900–1800 K. In these Al–Si melts, aluminum and silicon exhibit nearly identical diffusion coefficients. The first nearest neighbor-shell coordinations of Al and Si vary slightly with composition and temperature and exhibit no significant changes in the vicinity of the eutectic. The density of the binary liquids including the eutectic composition (Al-12 at% Si) showed linear dependence on temperature.
Management of Zenker’s Diverticulum: Open Versus Transoral Approaches

Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker’s) diverticulum is a false diverticulum of the cervical esophagus. This pulsion diverticulum is composed of mucosa, covered by thin areolar tissue, herniating at Killian’s triangle between the obliquely positioned inferior constrictor muscle and the transversely oriented cricopharyngeus muscle. Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum was first described by Abraham Ludlow in 1764 as a “bag formed in pharynx.” Friedrich Albert Zenker in 1867 described the clinicopathological characteristics of 23 previous cases and 5 of his own cases in Kraukenheiten Des Oesophagus. The pathophysiology of Zenker’s diverticulum has been attributed to functional abnormalities of the upper esophageal sphincter zone created by the cricopharyngeus muscle.
Intrinsically Switchable and Bandwidth Reconfigurable FBAR Filter Employing Electrostriction in Ferroelectric BST

Innovative, reconfigurable frequency selective microwave components are essential to reduce the expanding transceiver systems' complexity, size, and cost. This paper presents for an intrinsically switchable and bandwidth (BW) reconfigurable FBAR filter by using the electrostriction effect in ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (BST). A BW switchable filter is designed, fabricated, and characterized. Under the application of DC bias voltage, the filter exhibits a bandpass response with a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 3%. Changing the DC bias configuration adjusts the overall transfer function of the filter, transitioning into a secondary state with a FBW of 2.2%. Without any bias however, the filter switches off and provides an isolation greater than 12 dB.
SecureCASH: Securing Context-Aware Distributed Storage and Query Processing in Hybrid Cloud Framework

With the evolution of lightweight hand-held devices and successful deployment of wired and wireless networks for day-to-day operations, organizations are producing massive data aka big data with 4Vs: volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. Many organizations have taken advantage of their big data and developed data-driven applications for their businesses using distributed computing and storage. However, it is challenging to process such massive data in near real-time without using distributed computing such as cloud computing platforms. When organizations use public cloud platform for processing and storing their data, data must leave the organization which can invite security and privacy risks. In this paper, we investigate how organizations can take benefit of hybrid (public and private) cloud platform for distributed storage and processing for improving security and the overall performance. Further, we investigate how query process can be secured while sending data to and retrieving the data from the public cloud. Overall goal of this work is to protect sensitive data at all stages (when data is stored, traveling, processing, and retrieving) in hybrid cloud by designing secure context-aware load balancer for distributed storage and query processing (SecureCASH, for short). Performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using numerical results obtained from simulations.
β-Adrenergic signaling blocks murine CD8+ T-cell metabolic reprogramming during activation: a mechanism for immunosuppression by adrenergic stress.

Primary and secondary lymphoid organs are heavily innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Norepinephrine, the primary neurotransmitter secreted by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons, binds to and activates β-adrenergic receptors expressed on the surface of immune cells and regulates the functions of these cells. While it is known that both activated and memory CD8+ T-cells primarily express the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) and that signaling through this receptor can inhibit CD8+ T-cell effector function, the mechanism(s) underlying this suppression is not understood. Under normal activation conditions, T-cells increase glucose uptake and undergo metabolic reprogramming. In this study, we show that treatment of murine CD8+ T-cells with the pan β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) was associated with a reduced expression of glucose transporter 1 following activation, as well as decreased glucose uptake and glycolysis compared to CD8+ T-cells activated in the absence of ISO. The effect of ISO was specifically dependent upon β2-AR, since it was not seen in adrb2-/- CD8+ T-cells and was blocked by the β-AR antagonist propranolol. In addition, we found that mitochondrial function in CD8+ T-cells was also impaired by β2-AR signaling. This study demonstrates that one mechanism by which β2-AR signaling can inhibit CD8+ T-cell activation is by suppressing the required metabolic reprogramming events which accompany activation of these immune cells and thus reveals a new mechanism by which adrenergic stress can suppress the effector activity of immune cells.
Kidney Transplant in Adolescents: Medical Aspects

Adolescent kidney transplant recipients represent a unique group of patients with medical needs that are shaped by the physical changes that occur during puberty and the social transition from childhood to adulthood. In this chapter, we have focused on the medical and developmental challenges and opportunities that occur while caring for the adolescent pre- and post-kidney transplant patient. With the dedicated support of a multidisciplinary transplant team, we can achieve successful long-term kidney transplant outcomes for adolescent patients with end-stage renal disease.
Do literature records of predation reflect food specialization and predation types among phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae)?

Proportions of literature citations for six prey–food groups from an international database were used to classify 13 commonly studied phytoseiid mites into four predation types. After adjusting the proportions for how much each species had been studied previously, considerable agreement was found between the more quantitatively determined ratings and the more empirically determined ratings of an earlier study. The predation types that were assessed in both analyses were a type I or II specialist or a type III or IV generalist predator of spider mites. The prey–food groups were Tetranychus spp. which spin profuse webbing, spider mites of genera other than Tetranychus that spin less webbing, eriophyids, mites other than tetranychids or eriophyids, insects and pollen. The two rating systems agreed more often for type I or II predation types and for pollen, Tetranychus spp. and insect foods and less often for type III or IV types and other spider mites, eriophyids and other mites as foods. The agreement was mixed for type III species because some readily feed on insects while others may not. Analyses of the proportions of the literature citations indicated that the type III group should be divided and Euseius finlandicus should be rated as a type III and not a type IV species. Because using literature proportions is an indirect method of estimating feeding preferences, how well the data reflected actual behaviours was uncertain. Comparative studies are needed where the food types and levels can be manipulated. Other cautions in using literature data to estimate food specialization or predation types of phytoseiids are discussed.
Post ablation bacteremia syndrome: an emerging clinical entity

Global endometrial ablation continues to be a frequent therapeutic option for abnormal uterine bleeding. Post ablation bacteremia, a rare clinical occurrence, provides diagnostic and treatment challenges for clinicians. We report a case of post ablation bacteremia from the vaginal flora bacterium Streptococcus anginosus. A definition of post ablation bacteremia syndrome (PABS) and its clinical implications are presented.
Postoperative aspirin use and its effect on bone healing in the treatment of ankle fractures

Abstract Background There is hesitancy to administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) within the postoperative period following fracture care due to concern for delayed union or nonunion. However, aspirin (ASA) is routinely used for chemoprophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and is gaining popularity for use after treatment of ankle fractures. The current study examines the incidence of nonunion of operative ankle fractures and risk of DVT in patients who did and did not receive postoperative ASA. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients treated between 2008 and 2018 for ankle fractures requiring operative fixation by three Foot and Ankle fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons at a single institution. Demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and postoperative medical and surgical complications were compared between patients who did and did not receive ASA postoperatively. For both groups, union was evaluated by clinical exam as well as by radiograph, for those with 6-week, 12-week, or 24-week follow-up. Results Five-hundred and six patients met inclusion criteria: 152 who received ASA and 354 who did not. Radiographic healing at six weeks was demonstrated in 95.9% (94/98) and 98.6% (207/210) respectively (p-value .2134). There was no significant difference in time to radiographic union between groups. The risk of postoperative DVTs in those with and without ASA was not significantly different (0.7% (1/137) vs 1.2% (4/323), respectively; p-value .6305). Conclusion Postoperative use of ASA does not delay radiographic union of operative ankle fractures or affect the rate of postoperative DVT. This is the first and largest study to examine the effect of ASA on time to union of ankle fractures. Level of Evidence III
Community-Level Resource Development and Management Part 1: A Transferable Approach to the Analysis of Community Water Distribution System Expansion

Access to water is extremely important in schools around the world, where students spend most of their day. As schools expand, particularly in areas with limited water resources, it is necessary to develop and manage water resources to ensure their sustainability. In this article, we describe a method of analysing water piping distribution networks using an open-source software package that allows practitioners to model the increased demands on water distribution systems associated with school growth. The methodology was then applied to the case study of a community-level water distribution system in rural Tanzania. Our intent is to provide a condensed description of a modelling method that can be used by field practitioners who may have limited technical background. Minimal tools are needed for practitioners to create their own system model, namely a global positioning system (GPS) device, tape measure, bucket, stopwatch and access to a computer with the downloaded software. Overall, the method and description herein is intended to be more accessible and straightforward to follow than others currently available to many practitioners, thus improving the ease of modelling for pre-planning and analysis of expansion or other water distribution system modifications.
Feasibility of Remote Video Assessment of Jugular Venous Pressure and Implications for Telehealth

This study examines the concordance of jugular venous pressure assessments taken at the bedside vs remotely and compares these with invasively measured right atrial pressure.
Bashing irreproducibility with shournal

ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative pathogen found mainly in water, either in a free-living form or within infected protozoans, where it replicates. This bacterium can also infect humans by inhalation of contaminated aerosols, causing a severe form of pneumonia called legionellosis or Legionnaires9 disease. The involvement of type II and IV secretion systems in the virulence of L. pneumophila is now well documented. Despite bioinformatic studies showing that a type I secretion system (T1SS) could be present in this pathogen, the functionality of this system based on the LssB, LssD, and TolC proteins has never been established. Here, we report the demonstration of the functionality of the T1SS, as well as its role in the infectious cycle of L. pneumophila. Using deletion mutants and fusion proteins, we demonstrated that the repeats-in-toxin protein RtxA is secreted through an LssB-LssD-TolC-dependent mechanism. Moreover, fluorescence monitoring and confocal microscopy showed that this T1SS is required for entry into the host cell, although it seems dispensable to the intracellular cycle. Together, these results underline the active participation of L. pneumophila, via its T1SS, in its internalization into host cells.
Effects of night surgery on postoperative mortality and morbidity: a multicentre cohort study.

Background Surgery at night (incision time 17:00 to 07:00 hours) may lead to increased postoperative mortality and morbidity. Mechanisms explaining this association remain unclear. Methods We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with general anaesthesia at two major, competing tertiary care hospital networks. In primary analysis, we imputed missing data and determined whether exposure to night surgery affects 30-day mortality using a mixed-effects model with individual anaesthesia and surgical providers as random effects. Secondary outcomes were 30-day morbidity and the mediating effect of blood transfusion rates and provider handovers on the effect of night surgery on outcomes. We further tested for effect modification by surgical setting. Results Among 350 235 participants in the primary imputed cohort, the mortality rate was 0.9% (n=2804/322 327) after day and 3.4% (n=940/27 908) after night surgery. Night surgery was associated with an increased risk of mortality (ORadj 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.38, p Conclusions Night surgery was associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality and morbidity. The effect was independent of case acuity and was mediated by potentially preventable factors: higher blood transfusion rates and more frequent provider handovers.
Risk factors for occupational heat-related illness among California workers, 2000-2017.

Background As climate change increases global temperatures, heat-related morbidity and mortality are projected to rise. Outdoor workers and those who perform exertional tasks are particularly susceptible to heat-related illness (HRI). Using workers' compensation data, we aimed to describe rates of occupational HRI in California and identify demographic and occupational risk factors to inform prevention efforts. Methods We identified HRI cases during 2000-2017 in the California Workers' Compensation Information System (WCIS) using International Classification of Diseases Ninth and Tenth Revision codes, WCIS nature and cause of injury codes, and HRI keywords. We assigned industry and occupation codes using the NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS). We calculated HRI rates by sex, age group, year, county, industry, and occupation, and estimated confidence intervals using generalized linear models. Results We identified 15,996 HRI cases during 2000-2017 (6.0 cases/100,000 workers). Workers aged 16-24 years had the highest HRI rate (7.6) among age groups, and men (8.1) had a higher rate than women (3.5). Industry sectors with the highest HRI rates were Agriculture, Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (38.6), and Public Administration (35.3). Occupational groups with the highest HRI rates were Protective Services (56.6) and Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (36.6). Firefighters had the highest HRI rate (389.6) among individual occupations. Conclusions Workers in certain demographic and occupational groups are particularly susceptible to HRI. Additional prevention efforts, including outreach and enforcement targeting high-risk groups, are needed to reduce occupational HRI. Workers' compensation data can provide timely information about temporal trends and risk factors for HRI.
Design and Realization of Data Application Architecture Oriented to the Requirements of Distribution Network

In recent years, the rapid growth of all kinds of data and information in power grid has brought great challenges to the safe and stable operation and data analysis of the system. This paper constructs the data application architecture oriented to the requirements of distribution network based on the data requirements of reliability and economy evaluation, operation state evaluation and weak link identification, asset operation efficiency evaluation and lean management. It can realize the functions of data automatic classification storage, data processing, data quality monitoring and evaluation, multi-source heterogeneous data fusion and hierarchical classification database construction, etc. It supports the lean management of production business in distribution network comprehensively.
The gender of dependency theory: women as workers, from neocolonialism in West Africa to the implosion of contemporary capitalism

Samir Amin’s large body of work affords an opportunity to trace the ways in which he analysed class and gender in the workings of neocolonialism in the aftermath of independence in West Africa and ...
Stable, simultaneous and proportional 4-DoF prosthetic hand control via synergy-inspired linear interpolation: a case series.

Current commercial prosthetic hand controllers limit patients’ ability to fully engage high Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) prosthetic hands. Available feedforward controllers rely on large training data sets for controller setup and a need for recalibration upon prosthesis donning. Recently, an intuitive, proportional, simultaneous, regression-based 3-DoF controller remained stable for several months without retraining by combining chronically implanted electromyography (ciEMG) electrodes with a K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) mapping technique. The training dataset requirements for simultaneous KNN controllers increase exponentially with DoF, limiting the realistic development of KNN controllers in more than three DoF. We hypothesize that a controller combining linear interpolation, the muscle synergy framework, and a sufficient number of ciEMG channels (at least two per DoF), can allow stable, high-DoF control. Two trans-radial amputee subjects, S6 and S8, were implanted with percutaneously interfaced bipolar intramuscular electrodes. At the time of the study, S6 and S8 had 6 and 8 bipolar EMG electrodes, respectively. A Virtual Reality (VR) system guided users through single and paired training movements in one 3-DoF and four different 4-DoF cases. A linear model of user activity was built by partitioning EMG feature space into regions bounded by vectors of steady state movement EMG patterns. The controller evaluated online EMG signals by linearly interpolating the movement class labels for surrounding trained EMG movements. This yields a simultaneous, continuous, intuitive, and proportional controller. Controllers were evaluated in 3-DoF and 4-DoF through a target-matching task in which subjects controlled a virtual hand to match 80 targets spanning the available movement space. Match Percentage, Time-To-Target, and Path Efficiency were evaluated over a 10-month period based on subject availability. In 3-DoF, S6 and S8 matched most targets and demonstrated stable control after 8 and 10 months, respectively. In 4-DoF, both subjects initially found two of four 4-DoF controllers usable, matching most targets. S8 4-DoF controllers were stable, and showed improving trends over 7–9 months without retraining or at-home practice. S6 4-DoF controllers were unstable after 7 months without retraining. These results indicate that the performance of the controller proposed in this study may remain stable, or even improve, provided initial viability and a sufficient number of EMG channels. Overall, this study demonstrates a controller capable of stable, simultaneous, proportional, intuitive, and continuous control in 3-DoF for up to ten months and in 4-DoF for up to nine months without retraining or at-home use with minimal training times.
The Autism Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis and specific information about how autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents in an individual are crucial for determining eligibility for services and entitlements. This information may also provide essential data for family law, civil and criminal cases. While the ways in which assessment data are ultimately used may differ based on type of case, the core tenets of diagnostic evaluation are the same. This chapter presents an overview of how autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed, the developmental course of presentation, some challenges and controversies in obtaining the diagnosis, and discussion about the components of a diagnostic evaluation.