cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Textual silence and the discourse of homelessness

This article delineates five forms of textual elision or `silence': speech—act silences, presuppositional silences, discreet silences, genre-based silences and manipulative silences. Manipulative silence receives extended attention, as it is felt to be the most ideologically powerful form of silence in public discourse. A case study on the discourse of homelessness, drawing on a corpus of 163 newspaper articles and editorials published in the US during early 1999, is used to illustrate how manipulative silences work and, more importantly, how they can be systematically identified by the discourse analyst. The article concludes with a discussion of the notion of authorial `intentionality'.
Identification and cell cycle control of a novel pilus system in Caulobacter crescentus.

Pilus assembly in Caulobacter crescentus occurs during a short period of the cell cycle and pili are only present at the flagellar pole of the swarmer cell. Here we report a novel assay to visualize pili by light microscopy that led to the purification of Caulobacter pili and the isolation of a cluster of seven genes, including the major pilin subunit gene pilA. This gene cluster encodes a novel group of pilus assembly proteins. We have shown that the pilA promoter is activated late in the cell cycle and that transcription of the pilin subunit plays an important role in the timing of pilus assembly. pilA transcription is regulated by the global two-component response regulator CtrA, which is essential for the expression of multiple cell cycle events, providing a direct link between assembly of the pilus organelle and bacterial cell cycle control.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass normalizes the blunted postprandial bile acid excursion associated with obesity.

Bile acids (BAs) are nutrient-responsive hormones that modulate energy balance through cell surface and nuclear receptors. Postprandial plasma BAs have been found to be decreased in obesity. We aimed to determine whether meal-stimulated circulating BA levels are altered by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), an operation that modifies the neurohumoral determinants of food intake and energy expenditure to cause significant and durable weight loss. Longitudinal study measuring fasting and postprandial plasma BAs before and after RYGB. Five obese surgical patients and eight lean controls underwent frequent blood sampling after a standard liquid meal. Obese subjects were also tested at 1, 4 and 40 weeks after RYGB. Primary and secondary circulating BAs, as well as their glycine and taurine conjugates, were measured via reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. We found that postprandial excursion of conjugated BAs was 52.4% lower in obese than in lean individuals by area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis (378 vs 793 μmol min l−1, respectively, P<0.05). By 40 weeks after RYGB, the meal-induced rise in conjugated BAs increased by 55.5% to the level of healthy lean controls (378 pre-op vs 850 μmol min l− post-op by AUC analyses, P<0.05). In contrast, postprandial concentrations of unconjugated BAs were similar in lean and obese individuals and were not affected by surgery. In light of the growing evidence that BAs have key roles in glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis, the observation that RYGB normalizes the blunted postprandial circulating BA response in obesity suggests that BAs may contribute to the improvement in meal-related physiology seen after RYGB. Further studies are warranted to examine this hypothesis and to determine the degree to which an augmented BA response to nutrient ingestion may mediate the increased incretin response, brown adipose tissue activation and thermic effect of feeding that has been observed after this operation.
The mechanism of chemisorption on metals

Abstract The available experimental data on the adsorption of diatomic molecules on a bare metal surface are analysed to establish the kinetic processes leading to chemisorption. It is shown that, with the possible exception of hydrogen, molecules physically adsorbed on the surface form a reservoir from which chemisorption can occur. Kinetic mechanisms involving such a physically adsorbed precursor are developed, both for reaction on a uniform surface as well as for reaction at surface singularities, such as grain boundaries or lattice steps. Analysis of the rate of adsorption of nitrogen on tungsten reveals that during the initial stages the rate of chemisorption is diffusion controlled, and occurs preferentially at heterogeneities of atomic dimensions, which are tentatively identified with lattice steps on the surface.
Post-concussion symptoms of depression and anxiety in division i collegiate athletes

This study examined the effect of baseline psychological symptoms on post-concussion symptoms among 67 concussed collegiate athletes. Depression at baseline was the strongest predictor of post-concussion depression and anxiety. Post-concussion depression and anxiety were significantly associated. These results support the importance of baseline screenings for risk of post-concussion psychological symptoms.
Comparison of fixed versus variable biofuels incentives

We evaluated several variants of a variable biofuel subsidy and compared them with the fixed subsidy and Renewable Fuel Standard using two different modeling approaches. First we used a partial equilibrium model encompassing crude oil, gasoline, ethanol, corn, and ethanol by-products. Second, we used a stochastic simulation model of a prototypical ethanol plant. From the partial equilibrium analysis, it appears the variable subsidy provides a safety net for ethanol producers when oil prices are low; yet, it does not put undue pressure on corn prices when oil prices are high. At high oil prices, the level of ethanol production is driven by market forces. From the plant level stochastic analysis, essentially the same conclusions are reached. As with the fixed subsidy, the variable subsidy can increase the net present value (NPV) sufficiently to encourage investment, but with lower risk for the producer, lower probability of a loss from the investment, and often lower expected cost to government. Finally, in the US, the ethanol industry is up against a blending limit called the blend wall. If the blending wall remains in place and no way around it is found, it does not matter much what other policy options are used.
Production of fermented red beans with multiple bioactivities using co-cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus

Red beans exhibit many biofunctions, including the stimulation of intestinal motility, improvement of anemia and elimination of edema. This study was conducted to evaluate the functional properties of microbially fermented red beans produced under different fermentation conditions and to establish the optimum fermentation conditions for the production of fermented red beans with multiple biofunctions. The optimum fermentation conditions were the fermentation of red beans by a co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in the presence of 1% glucose, incubated at 30 °C for 120 h and stirred every 24 h. Compared with unfermented red beans, red beans fermented under the optimum conditions contained a higher concentration of antioxidant substances, including total phenolics, anthocyanin, flavonoids and vitamins C and E. The results of tests for DPPH-radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation and reducing power implied a high antioxidant content. Fermented red beans exhibited nattokinase activity and contained a significant amount of potential probiotics.
Inelastic electron scattering from 31P

Abstract Form factors for the electroexcitation of the 3 2 + (1.27 MeV), 5 2 + (2.23 MeV), and 3 2 + (3.51 MeV) states in 31 P have been measured for momentum transfers from 0.36 to 0.80 fm −1 at the NBS electron scattering facility. In addition, form factors for the 2.23 MeV state in the momentum transfer range 0.74 to 1.78 fm −1 have been extracted from data obtained in a previous experiment. Using the DUELS distorted-wave code the B (E2, ω) ↓ were found to be 6.0 ± 0.9, 6.9 ± 0.3, and 2.7 ± 0.3 W.u. for the 1.27, 2.23, and 3.51 MeV states, respectively. The form factors for these states, calculated using wave functions derived in an intermediate-coupling vibrational calculation, are compared with the data.
Methylation sensitivity of the restriction enzymes FnuDII and AccII.

The restriction enzymes FnuDII and AccII are isoschizomers of the DNA sequence 5′-CGCG-3′. We have determined that 5-methylcytidine at either cytidine position in this recognition sequence inhibits DNA cleavage by FnuDII and AccII. A third isoschizomer, ThaI was previously shown to exhibit an identical methylation sensitivity. It is remarkable that 3 restriction enzymes derived from diverse microbiological sources exhibit this identical methylation sensitivity.
Hydroxyproline excretion during starvation of obese subjects

Abstract Hydroxyproline excretion was measured in 12 obese subjects during starvation. There was a consistent rise after the first week of starvation, and refeeding with low calorie, low hydroxyproline diets failed to affect the increased hydroxyproline excretion. Potassium supplementation in 2 subjects eating 300–600 calories caused a striking fall in hydroxyproline levels. Plasma growth hormone levels during fasting in 2 subjects were not elevated. It was concluded that the elevated hydroxyproline excretion during starvation and refeeding could arise from the collagenous supporting structures of fat and other tissues and that bone was not the major source since the excretion of calcium and pyrophosphate was not excessive.
A relationship between solar activity and planetary albedos

IP WE have observed a significant anti-correlation between solar activity and the brightnesses of two Solar System objects. Both the planet Neptune and Saturn's satellite Titan increased in brightness by several per cent between 1972 and 19761 and subsequently became fainter by comparable amounts2. This period corresponds to the decline of solar activity at the end of solar cycle 20 (1972–76), followed by the rapid increase of activity at the beginning of cycle 21. Solar minimum and the maximum observed brightness of Titan and Neptune both occurred in 1976. (The maximum of cycle 21 is forecast for late 1979 or early 1980, with a sunspot number ∼1503.) We hypothesise that what we have observed are changes in planetary albedos induced by solar activity. Such changes may have an important bearing on the energy balances of the outer planets and their satellites.
Aerobic and anaerobic microbial treatment alternatives for shellfish processing wastewaters in continuous culture

Shellfish processing wastewaters were characterized and subjected to laboratory-scale treatability investigations using continuous flow chemostats operated under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions with and without biological solids recycle. System operation and evaluation employed hydraulic retention time as the controlled variable with substrate removal and biomass production as dependent variables. Additional variables specific to anaerobic operation included total and methane gas production rate and volatile acids generation. Application of a kinetic model incorporating the Monod substrate concentration– growth rate function allowed estimation of kinetic coefficients μmax, kd, Y, and Ks. Aerobic treatment of the wastewaters could be adequately described by the kinetic model presented. However, total efficiencies were notably affected by the inherent morphological differences induced by changing hydraulic flows as reflected by poor solids separation at lower and higher retention times. Anaerobic treatment, although not amenable to kinetic description by the model and data presented, exhibited a limited potential for wastewater stabilization in that soluble substrate removals and methane production occurred at all retention times. Difficulties in successfully describing the system kinetically stemmed from an inability to quantify influent solids liquifaction rates. Moreover, evidence of some substrate associated inhibition of methanogenesis was apparent. Solids recycle tended to reduce the inhibitory influences and to increase treatment efficiencies in both the aerobic and anaerobic processes.
Motives for cannabis use in high-risk adolescent users

The present investigation examined the relationships between motives for cannabis use and negative consequences associated with cannabis use following a brief intervention. The sample consisted of 205 adolescent cannabis users (66.3% male), who were recruited in high schools and randomly assigned to a brief two-session motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or an educational feedback control (EFC). Results supported the hypothesis that using cannabis to cope with negative affect would predict the number of problems and dependence symptoms related to cannabis use, after controlling for age, gender, years and frequency of cannabis use, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Significant interactions between internalizing behavior problems and the coping motive showed that using to cope was associated with a higher number of cannabis dependence symptoms among adolescents reporting lower levels internalizing behavior problems. Findings support the potential utility of conducting further research to explore the coping motive as an important indicator of problematic cannabis use.
Phytobezoar associated with gastric ulcer

Abstract A resume of the bezoars is presented. A case of persimmon bezoar associated with gastric ulcer is reported. Fourteen similar cases from the literature are briefly reviewed.
The use of coincidence counting techniques for analyzing low level plutonium contamination on filters

Abstract An air filter measurement instrument, which uses coincidence counting techniques, has been developed to detect 1850 d/m of plutonium in less than two minutes in the presence of 5000 d/m of natural (radon and thoron) alpha activity on a standard 4 inch × 8 inch filter. The 1850 d/m of plutonium is equivalent to the filter deposition obtained from a continuous air concentration of 2 × 10−12 μC/cc existing for 24 hours with a filter flow rate of 10 cfm; thus, reliable measurement of the collected low level plutonium contamination can be made immediately following acquisition of the filter without waiting for the natural alpha emitters to decay.
The Ability of Healthy Volunteers to Simulate a Neurologic Field Defect on Automated Perimetry

Objective To determine if volunteers can simulate and reproduce 3 types of neurologic field defects: hemianopia, quadrantanopia, and central scotoma. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Thirty healthy volunteers new to perimetry (including automated perimetry). Methods After informed consent, volunteers were randomized to 1 of the 3 visual field defects listed above. All visual field testing was performed on the right eye using the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) SITA Fast 24-2 protocol. Each volunteer was provided with standard new patient instructions and was shown a diagram of the defect to be simulated. Two sets of visual fields were performed on the right eye with 10 minutes between tests. Three experts used the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study reading center criteria and determined if the simulation was successful. Main Outcome Measures Proportion of volunteers able to simulate the assigned visual field. Results All 10 volunteers (100%) successfully simulated a hemianopia on the first and second fields. All 10 volunteers (100%) simulated a quadrantanopia on the first field and 9 (90%) did so on the second field. Eight volunteers (80%) successfully simulated a central scotoma in the first field and all 10 (100%) did so on in the second field. Reliability criteria were excellent. Forty-seven fields (78%) had 0 fixation losses, 48 (80%) had 0 false-positive results, and 44 (73%) had 0 false-negative results. Conclusions It is easy to simulate reproducible and reliable neurologic field defects on automated perimetry using HFA.
Computerizing reading training: evaluation of a latent semantic analysis space for science text.

The effectiveness of a domain-specific latent semantic analysis (LSA) in assessing reading strategies was examined. Students were given self-explanation reading training (SERT) and asked to think aloud after each sentence in a science text. Novice and expert human raters and two LSA spaces (general reading, science) rated the similarity of each think-aloud protocol to benchmarks representing three different reading strategies (minimal, local, and global). The science LSA space correlated highly with human judgments, and more highly than did the general reading space. Also, cosines from the science LSA spaces can distinguish between different levels of semantic similarity, but may have trouble in distinguishing local processing protocols. Thus, a domain-specific LSA space is advantageous regardless of the size of the space. The results are discussedin the context of applying the science LSA to a computer-based version of SERT that gives online feedback based on LSA cosines.
Epigenetic regulation of pregnane X receptor activity

Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor (NR) that functions as a xenobiotic sensor and effector in coordinately regulating expression of genes of the xenobiotic detoxification network. PXR exerts its transcriptional regulatory functions by dimerization with retinoic X receptor RXR, and PXR-RXR complex binds to specific DNA sequences for regulating gene expression. PXR functions are regulated at the epigenetic level by chromatin modifications, DNA methylation and noncoding RNA. Chromatin modifications are carried out, in part, through interaction with coregulator complexes, including steroid coactivators (SRCs), corepressors (NcoR/SMRT), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha and protein arginine methyltransferase 1. PXR can be modified by acetylation, phosphorylation and sumoylation, and the promoter of PXR can be methylated at the "CpG" island. These factors collectively determine the ways in which PXR activity can be regulated, thereby affecting the magnitude and duration of the PXR-regulated drug metabolic responses. Most studies of PXR focus on its role as a transcription factor, which is responsible for the generation of messenger RNA. Recent emerging evidence suggests that PXR regulates gene expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. This review highlights recent research on the epigenetic mechanisms that are found to be important for the gene-regulatory activity of PXR and discusses their implications in xenobiotic metabolism and adverse drug responses.
Method for measuring accuracy of probability matching.

In two-choice learning experiments it has been demonstrated that S chooses in such a way as to make the percentages of prediction of two events match the percentages of occurrence of those events. That is, if El and E. represent two different events, and A t and A2 represent the respective responses of predicting those events, there is a tendency for S's ratio of A1 responses to A2 responses to equal asymptotically the ratio of El events to E2 events. This observed tendency is known as probability matching (Estes & Straughan, 1754) . In reporting the results of probability matching studies, it has been customary to plot the proportion of Al responses as a function of number of trials, noting that it gradually approximates the proportion of El events ( s ) (Estes, 1757) . In order to quantify these results, the following measure of the dependent variable may be used, yielding a single numerical score for each S over as many trials as is desired:
Two-Dimensional Configurations of Unidimensional Stimulus Sets in Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling.

When unidimensional stimulus sets are subjected to a nonmetric scaling in two dimensions, the stimuli fre quently form a C- or S-shaped configuration. In simu lated unidimensional data scaled in two dimensions, stimuli formed a C-shaped configuration when the monotone function relating distances to dissimilarity data was negatively accelerating. They formed an S- shaped configuration when the monotone function was positively accelerating. Results suggest that when uni dimensional stimulus sets are scaled in two dimensions using a rational starting configuration, the nature of the two-dimensional configuration can indicate the general form of the function mapping psychological dissimilarity, represented as distance in the scaling model, onto the observed response scale. Index terms: data transformations, multidimensional scaling, paired comparisons, proximity data, unidimensional scaling, unidimensionality.
Attentional inhibition or paracontrast

In visual search experiments using asynchronous presentation of target and distractors, a robust and unexpected inhibition of reaction time was observed for the discrimination of a temporally trailing target. A number of experiments were required to determine the source of this inhibition. These experiments eliminated the possibilities that the inhibition might be a manifestation of three attentional processes: inhibition of return, attentional dwell time, or attentional capture by the temporally leading item. Other experiments eliminated the possible preattentional process of the temporal impulse response, the psychological refractory period, and a response inhibition. The characteristics of this inhibition lead to the conclusion that it is a manifestation of paracontrast.
Usefulness of noncoronary vascular disease in predicting adverse events in the year following percutaneous coronary intervention

It is unknown whether noncoronary vascular disease is associated with persistent cardiac risk in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry, the incidence of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and repeat revascularization outcomes were compared in patients who had noncoronary vascular disease (n = 554) with patients who did not (n = 4,075). Vascular disease was defined as a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, claudication, vascular bypass, limb amputation, or aortic aneurysm. Patients who had concomitant noncoronary vascular disease had more significant co-morbidities. Angiographic success rate was lower in patients who had concomitant noncoronary vascular disease (89.5% vs 93.2%, p
Accelerated Testing of Antifouling Coatings for Use on Offshore Structures

The need to develop a suitable antifouling coating for offshore structures is discussed. Existing methods for the evaluation of potential antifouling candidates are described and attention is drawn to their inadequacies. A new method for accelerated testing of antifouling coatings is presented. This system ages the coating under highly aerated and agitated seawater conditions before exposing the samples to biofouling under static immersion at a seawater exposure site. Results of some preliminary tests are given.
Green's Rights Recognition Thesis and Moral Internalism

T. H. Green claimed that ‘rights are made by recognition. There is no right but thinking makes it so’. This ‘rights recognition thesis’ is widely rejected. I argue in this article that, so far from being an idiosyncratic doctrine of 19th-century British Idealism, the rights recognition thesis implies a compelling conception of rights, and one that, surprisingly, is more in tune with contemporary meta-ethics than are many contemporary rights theories. Green's moral theory, I argue, is a form of the widely embraced doctrine of ‘moral internalism’. Such internalism, conjoined with a generally embraced analysis of rights, leads to some version of the rights recognition thesis.
Studying interval valued matrix games with fuzzy logic

Matrix games have been widely used in decision making systems. In practice, for the same strategies players take, the corresponding payoffs may be within certain ranges rather than exact values. To model such uncertainty in matrix games, we consider interval-valued game matrices in this paper; and extend the results of classical strictly determined matrix games to fuzzily determined interval matrix games. Finally, we give an initial investigation into mixed strategies for such games.
Engineering Design of Optimal Strategies for Blood Clot Dissolution

Blood clots form under hemodynamic conditions and can obstruct flow during angina, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pul- monary embolism, peripheral thrombosis, or dialysis access graft thrombosis. Ther- apies to remove these clots through enzymatic and/or mechanical approaches require consideration of the biochemistry and structure of blood clots in conjunction with local transport phenomena. Because blood clots are porous objects exposed to local hemodynamic forces, pressure-driven interstitial permeation often controls drug pen- etration and the overall lysis rate of an occlusive thrombus. Reaction engineering and transport phenomena provide a framework to relate dosage of a given agent to poten- tial outcomes. The design and testing of thrombolytic agents and the design of ther- apies must account for (a) the binding, catalytic, and systemic clearance properties of the therapeutic enzyme; (b) the dose and delivery regimen; (c) the biochemical and structural aspects of the thrombotic occlusion; ( d) the prevailing hemodynamics and anatomical location of the thrombus; and (e) therapeutic constraints and risks of side effects. These principles also impact the design and analysis of local delivery devices.
Parental report of the early development of children with regressive autism: The delays-plus-regression phenotype

Most children with autism demonstrate developmental abnormalities in their first year, whereas others display regression after mostly normal development. Few studies have examined the early development of the latter group. This study developed a retrospective measure, the Early Development Questionnaire (EDQ), to collect specific, parent-reported information about development in the first 18 months. Based on their EDQ scores, 60 children with autism between the ages of 3 and 9 were divided into three groups: an early onset group (n = 29), a definite regression group (n = 23), and a heterogeneous mixed group (n = 8). Significant differences in early social development were found between the early onset and regression groups. However, over 50 percent of the children who experienced a regression demonstrated some early social deficits during the first year of life, long before regression and the apparent onset of autism. This group, tentatively labeled 'delays-plus-regression', deserves further study.
Estimated protein intakes of toddlers: predicted prevalence of inadequate intakes in village populations in Egypt, Kenya, and Mexico.

This paper presents a probability assessment of the adequacy of protein intakes of toddlers (aged 18-30 mo) in study communities in Egypt, Kenya, and Mexico judged in relation to FAO/WHO/UNU estimates ofrequirements. Effects ofsupplemcnting amino acid intakes, or ofassuming lower bio- availability for lysine are also considered. In Egypt and Mexico existing protein intakes of toddlers were adequate. In Kenya existing intakes were marginal. Total protein intake was low and often lysine or tryptophan concentration was low. If Kenyan intakes met estimated energy requirements, protein intakes would be adequate. We conclude that protein intake is unlikely to be a primary limiting factor for toddler growth and devel- opment, and the benefit to be expected from increasing the intake of limiting amino acids is marginal. Reported associations of animal-source protein and energy with growth, size, and psy- chologic function of these toddlers arc unlikely to be causally attributable to inadequacy ofprotcin intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:902-11.
Two-phase equilibria in the anti-plane shear of an elastic solid with interfacial effects via global bifurcation

We consider a simplified model of a two-phase elastic solid with small interfacial energy in forced anti-plane shear. We propose a novel approach to finding meta-stable equilibria (local minima of the potential energy), based upon global bifurcation theory, a priori bounds and numerical path following. In particular, we treat the reciprocal of the capillarity coefficient as a continuation parameter, and we fully exploit the hidden symmetry of our elliptic boundary-value problem, both strategies of which are crucial for obtaining rigorous existence results and for performing reliable and efficient computation. We obtain branches of locally stable equilibria exhibiting phase nucleation (and anti-nucleation) and fine layering of mixtures.
A Censored-Data Multiperiod Inventory Problem with Newsvendor Demand Distributions

We study the stochastic multiperiod inventory problem in which demand in excess of available inventory is lost and unobserved so that demand data are censored. A Bayesian scheme is employed to dynamically update the demand distribution for the problem with storable or perishable inventory and with exogenous or endogenous price. We show that the Weibull is the only newsvendor distribution for which the optimal solution can be expressed in scalable form. Moreover, for Weibull demand the cost function is not convex in general. Nevertheless, in all but the storable case, sufficient structure can be discerned so that the optimal solution can be easily computed. Specifically, for the perishable inventory case, the optimal policy can be found by solving simple recursions, whereas the perishable case with pricing requires solutions to more complex one-step look-ahead recursions. Interestingly, for the special case of exponential demand the cost function is convex, so that for the storable inventory case, the optimal policy can be found using simple one-step look-ahead recursions whereas for the perishable case the optimal policy can be expressed by exact closed-form formulas.
Accuracy of Aerial Telemetry in Fisheries Studies

Abstract Radiotelemetry has become an important method for examining movement patterns of fishes. The use of aircraft allows transmitter-implanted fish to be tracked over long distances and in areas difficult to access on the ground. However, the accuracy of aerially determined locations can limit the types of conclusions one can draw about fish habitat use. We utilized aerial telemetry while studying the effects of irrigation canals on a population of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. To determine the accuracy of aerially determined locations, we used a method common in terrestrial studies whereby transmitters are placed at known locations and then located by a naive pilot. These aerially determined locations were then compared with the known locations of transmitters to determine the mean error associated with aerial telemetry. In our study, we found that aerially acquired location errors ranged from 22 to 426 m and had a mean of 178 m. In a review of recent studies that used aerial telemetry, we fo...
pMapper: Automatic Mapping of Parallel Matlab Programs

Algorithm implementation efficiency is key to delivering high-performance computing capabilities to demanding, high throughput DoD signal and image processing applications and simulations. Significant progress has been made in compiler optimization of serial programs, but many applications require parallel processing, which brings with it the difficult task of determining efficient mappings of algorithms to multiprocessor computers. The pMapper infrastructure addresses the problem of performance optimization of multistage MATLAB applications on parallel architectures. pMapper is an automatic performance tuning library written as a layer on top of pMatlab. pMatlab is a parallel Matlab toolbox that provides MATLAB users with global array semantics. While pMatlab abstracts the message-passing interface, the responsibility of generating maps for numerical arrays still falls on the user. A processor map for a numerical array is defined as an assignment of blocks of data to processing elements. Choosing the best mapping for a set of numerical arrays in a program is a nontrivial task that requires significant knowledge of programming languages, parallel computing, and processor architecture. pMapper automates the task of map generation, increasing the ease of programming and productivity. In addition to automating the mapping of parallel Matlab programs, pMapper could be used as a mapping tool for embedded systems. This paper addresses the design details of the pMapper infrastructure and presents preliminary results.
Variation in Base-Substitution Mutation in Experimental and Natural Lineages of Caenorhabditis Nematodes

Variation among lineages in the mutation process has the potential to impact diverse biological processes ranging from susceptibilities to genetic disease to the mode and tempo of molecular evolution. The combination of high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) with mutation-accumulation (MA) experiments has provided a powerful approach to genome-wide mutation analysis, though insights into mutational variation have been limited by the vast evolutionary distances among the few species analyzed. We performed a HTS analysis of MA lines derived from four Caenorhabditis nematode natural genotypes: C. elegans N2 and PB306 and C. briggsae HK104 and PB800. Total mutation rates did not differ among the four sets of MA lines. A mutational bias toward G:C→A:T transitions and G:C→T:A transversions was observed in all four sets of MA lines. Chromosome-specific rates were mostly stable, though there was some evidence for a slightly elevated X chromosome mutation rate in PB306. Rates were homogeneous among functional coding sequence types and across autosomal cores, arms, and tips. Mutation spectra were similar among the four MA line sets but differed significantly when compared with patterns of natural base-substitution polymorphism for 13/14 comparisons performed. Our findings show that base-substitution mutation processes in these closely related animal lineages are mostly stable but differ from natural polymorphism patterns in these two species.
A Comparative Review of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents

Erythropoiesis stimulating agents have been used for more than a decade in patients with chronic kidney disease, malignancy, and other disease states where anemia is common. Recently, several clinical trials have questioned the safety and efficacy of these agents. Thrombosis and increase in tumor progression as well as a potential increase in mortality have been noted in some trials and have generated growing concern regarding whether these agents should remain on the US market. Subsequently, reimbursement from some payers for erythropoiesis stimulating agent administration has become somewhat restrictive. We address the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomics of erythropoiesis stimulating agents as well as emerging regulatory issues pertaining to the administration of erythropoiesis stimulating agents.
Laparoscopic Total Abdominal Colectomy in the Acute Setting

We report results from a single surgeon’s 10-year team experience with laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy. We review our series, which includes a large subgroup of ill, high-risk patients with acute colitis requiring urgent surgery. From 1993 to 2003, we performed 65 laparoscopic total abdominal colectomies. All patients referred for total abdominal colectomy were offered the laparoscopic approach. We prospectively collected the following data on all patients: demographics, surgical indications, preoperative status, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, operative complications, length of stay, subsequent operations, patient satisfaction, and lessons learned from our team experience. Preoperative diagnoses included ulcerative colitis (n = 55), Crohn’s colitis (n = 3), colonic inertia (n = 4), and familial adenomatous polyposis (n = 3). Among the patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 70% of cases were performed on ill patients, refractory to medical management, requiring urgent surgery. This subgroup was managed with laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy and Brooke ileostomy, with ileoanal pouch anastomosis deferred. Operative times were long, ranging from 6 to 11 hours. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 200 ml. Mean length of stay was 4.3 days and ranged from 2 to 13 days. There were no conversions to open surgery and there were no deaths. Complications occurred in 12% of patients and included intra-abdominal abscess (n = 2), wound infection (n = 3), stoma stenosis (n = 1), and incisional hernia (n = 2). Postoperative patient satisfaction was high. Subsequent operations, including restorative proctectomy, were also performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy is technically challenging and requires a team approach but offers patients significant benefit in length of stay and surgical recovery. This operation can be effectively used with minimal morbidity in difficult, ill patients requiring urgent surgery.
Antigenic Diversity Among Peanut Stripe Potyvirus (Family Potyviridae) Isolates

Abstract Several geographically and biologically distinct isolates of peanut stripe Potyvirus (PStV) were tested against available polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In direct antigen-coated, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA), the polyclonal antisera prepared against the purified virus reacted with all the isolates tested. However, a monoclonal antibody, 3AB5, also prepared against the purified virus showed dramatic difference in its reactivity to the same isolates. Tested against blotch isolates from Georgia, Virginia, and Florida, 3AB5 reacted with two of 10 isolates. The reaction was either strongly positive or negative. Antibody 3AB5 did not react with a necrotic strain of PStV from Taiwan. Results indicate the existence of antigenic diversity among PStV isolates.
Peculiarities of military officers’ physical perfection during troops’ being in conditions of positional defense

Цель: определить потребность и возможности организации процесса физического совершенствования военнослужащих во время пребывания войск в условиях позиционной обороны. Материал: в исследовании принимали участие личный состав ротных опорных пунктов (n = 32), разведчики (n = 26), водители военного автомобильного транспорта (n = 23). Результаты: установлено, что 64% мобилизованных военнослужащих считают целесообразным заниматься физическим совершенствованием в период восстановления боеспособности. Желание тренироваться проявляют 27%. Систематически тренируются 16% военнослужащих. 13% личного состава эпизодически выполняют физические упражнения. Выявлено недостаточный уровень сформированности прикладных навыков военнослужащих. Установлено, что ключевым фактором в формировании потребности военнослужащих в занятиях по физическому совершенствованию является их внутренняя мотивация, основанная на собственном опыте спортивной подготовки. Выводы: длительное пребывание войск в условиях позиционной обороны не является препятствием для реализации потребности военнослужащих в физическом совершенствовании. Характер профессиональной деятельности военнослужащих в зоне конфликта позволяет организовывать систематический процесс физической тренировки путем выполнения комплексов физических упражнений силовой направленности и совершенствования отдельных прикладных навыков.
BNY Mellons Sustainable Outlook

This report investigates BNY Mellons current sustainability program initiatives. To understand their initiatives, the report examines their sustainability statement. The statement taken from the BNY Mellon website specifically looks into the, environmentally prudent management of [their] facilities around the world; collaboration with suppliers to improve [their] direct environmental impacts; environmental programs; and education for employees; green investments and socially responsible products offered to clients.
Understanding User Resistance and Acceptance during the Implementation of an Order Management System: A Case Study Using the Equity Implementation Model

AbstractSuccessful implementation of new technologies and systems is vital for sustaining and enhancing the productivity and the competitive position of an organization. However, many implementation efforts fail due to resistance or non-acceptance of new systems by users. This paper presents the details of the implementation of an order management system in a custom furnishing business. Details of changes brought about by the new system in the work environment of users and the resulting user acceptance and resistance behaviors are examined in the light of the user evaluation process proposed by the equity implementation model (EIM). The paper concludes that the findings of the case study support EIM, which provides an understanding of both resistance and acceptance behaviors. EIM also provides an understanding of users’ initial reactions to the implementation as well as their post implementation responses. Such insights can be helpful in developing better strategies for implementing systems and dealing wi...
The amazing brain

It is in the human nature to be curious about how we feel pain, see the world, hear bird`s songs, remember, forget, reason. We want to understand the nature of love, anger, satisfaction, desire and madness. This is a short story about the evolution of the science on the human brain and about major brain discoveries. It gives a concise historic perspective of the understanding of the nervous system - from ancient Egypt to the birth of Renaissance, with the works of Vesalius and his esteemed contemporaries. The contributions of 17th century neuroanatomists such as Tomas Willis followed by the pre-modern neuroscience researchers Camillo Golgi and especially Santiago Ramon y Cajal are highlighted. The contribution of transgenic mouse models and the application of modern noninvasive imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ground braking functional studies on the human brain are briefly reviewed. Important 21st century projects such as the Human and Mouse Connectome projects and the White House Brain Initiative are also presented. Biomed Rev 2015; 26: 1-12. Key words : psychikon pneuma, census communis, NGF, PET, fMRI, connectome
Inhibition of coagulase reaction of pathogenic staphylococci by heparin in vitro.

SummaryHeparin has been shown to prolong coagulase clotting time of 30 strains of staphylococci. This finding suggests that coagulase may interact with an “accessory factor” of plasma to produce a substance analogous or identical to thrombin.
Herpes simplex virus proctitis in homosexual men. Clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histopathological features

Acute herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection was detected in 23 of 102 consecutively examined, sexually active male homosexuals who presented with anorectal pain, discharge, tenesmus, or hematochezia, as compared with 3 of 75 homosexual men without gastrointestinal symptoms (P less than 0.01). Findings that were significantly more frequent in men with HSV proctitis than in men with proctitis due to other infectious causes included fever (48 per cent), difficulty in urinating (48 per cent), sacral paresthesias (26 per cent), inguinal lymphadenopathy (57 per cent), severe anorectal pain (100 per cent), tenesmus (100 per cent), constipation (78 per cent), perianal ulcerations (70 per cent), and the presence of diffuse ulcerative or discrete vesicular or pustular lesions in the distal 5 cm of the rectum (50 per cent). Serologic evidence indicated that 85 per cent of the men with symptomatic HSV proctitis were having their first episode of HSV-2 infection. The diagnosis of HSV proctitis is suggested by the presence of severe anorectal pain, difficulty in urinating, sacral paresthesias or pain, and diffuse ulceration of the distal rectal mucosa.
Abstract IA01: Wnt signaling stem cell control and cancer

Our laboratory is interested in the growth, development and integrity of animal tissues, with a focus on stem cells. Wnt signaling is widely implicated in stem cell control, as a mechanism to regulate the number of stem cells in tissues, Using various cell labeling methods, we have described novel populations of stem cells in various tissues, including in the liver. In that tissue, we found that hepatocytes that reside in the pericentral domain of the liver demonstrate stem cell behavior. Although these cells are functional hepatocytes, they are diploid and thus differ from the mostly polyploid mature hepatocyte population. They are active in homeostatic cell replacement and therefore distinct from oval cells, which require injury for their induction. Adjacent central vein endothelial cells provide the essential source of Wnt signals for the hepatocyte stem cells and thereby constitute the liver stem cell niche. It is noteworthy that liver cancer is often characterized by loss of function mutations in negative components of the Wnt pathway, including Axin and APC. We suggest that pericentral hepatocyte stem cells, normally controlled by a paracrine Wnt signal, are precursors to liver cancer. Citation Format: Roel Nusse. Wnt signaling stem cell control and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Developmental Biology and Cancer; Nov 30-Dec 3, 2015; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(4_Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
Balloon Dilation of the Distal Ureter to 24F: An Effective Method for Ureteroscopic Stone Retrieval

AbstractEarly in our ureteroscopic experience, in an effort to facilitate retrieval of ureteral calculi with the 11.5F and 12.5F rigid ureteroscopes, the distal ureter was routinely balloon dilated to 24F. Among 131 ureteroscopic procedures all consecutive 108 distal ureteral calculi were successfully removed. However, only 65% of 23 upper ureteral calculi were extracted. A followup excretory urogram (6 weeks or later) in 86 patients revealed no distal ureteral strictures. A followup cystogram in 30 patients showed low grade vesicoureteral reflux in 20% of the patients and none of these individuals was symptomatic. As such, balloon dilation of the distal ureter to 24F appears to be well tolerated. Presently, given the advent of smaller ureteroscopes and lithotriptor probes, such extensive ureteral dilation is necessary only in a minority of patients with distal ureteral calculi. In these few patients with calculi resistant to lithotripsy balloon dilation of the ureter to 24F may allow for successful, safe...
Biologic principles of bone induction

This article provides a concise review of bone induction. Bone induction by demineralized bone matrix is a multistep cascade. The purification and elucidation of the chemistry of osteogens will improve bone grafting methods.
Search for Answers

Concurrent with the ongoing public diplomacy initiatives was a mushrooming body of special reports. Historically, these reports constitute an important body of work that reveals some of America’s best thinking on what was in 2001 a relatively new or“newly important” phenomenon and helped shape the direction of future U.S. public diplomacy initiatives. The reports provide a panoramic overview of U.S. public diplomacy during this critical period. Viewed together, the reports were strikingly similar in their focus, findings, recom mendations and blind spots, which would continue to frustrate officials. Indeed, as the battle for hearts and minds continued into the 2005–2008 period, U.S. public diplomacy individual initiatives grew more creative and focused more on direct person-to-person contact, but overall U.S. public diplomacy still appeared to lack stability and effectiveness.