cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rheological properties of neat epoxy exposed to in‐service aerospace contaminants

We present an experimental study on the rheological properties of a commonly used epoxy resin system (EPIKOTE-862 resin and EPIKURE-W curing agent), exposed to a variety of fluids typical of aerospace operations (jet fuel, hydraulic fluids, deicing, detergents, etc.), for a period of up to 6 months, at room temperature for most conditions, and with no concurrent mechanical load- ing or prior degradation. The specimens were subjected to stress and frequency sweeps with a shear rheometer, while a limited set received also a temperature sweep in a range consistent with aircraft operations. Results indicate that the treated resin samples are lin- ear viscoelastic under these testing conditions. The resin has reasonable chemical resistance to most contaminants of this study, with the exception of two commonly used detergents: an aircraft surface cleaning compound, Penair C5572, and a nonionic detergent, Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). The durability change of the first compound appears triggered by high temperatures only, while the sec- ond compound causes a very drastic stiffness loss under several conditions. This drop of performance occurs within a 3-months period, with no apparent color change or fracture that could prompt visual inspection and repair. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 000: 000-000, 2013
Character Theory and Length Problems

We discuss some length questions in the theory of finite solvable groups for which character theory has proven useful. We discuss some open problems, some techniques of proof for various character and module theoretic results arising in this context, as well as the applications of these results to the length problems themselves. As this is an expository paper, most of our results appeared elsewhere. An exception is a linear bound on the Fitting height of groups accepting a fixed point free abelian group of automorphisms of square-free odd exponent, which, although it follows easily from known results, does not seem to have been noticed before.
The Genesis of the French Revolution: A Global Historical Interpretation

Acknowledgements Maps Introduction 1. The legacy of French history: the geopolitical challenge 2. The legacy of French history: the sociopolitical challenge 3. The approaches to revolution, 1774-88: the geopolitical challenge 4. The approaches to revolution, 1774-88: the sociopolitical challenge 5. The onset of revolution: from August 1788 to October 1789 Conclusion Suggestions for further reading Index.
Dimensioned Linear Algebra

Scientists and engineers use vectors and matrices in many aspects of their work and rely on a well-developed body of concepts and results from linear algebra. In this chapter, a careful examination of these applications shows that we actually use vectors and matrices that are best represented as n-tuples in which some or all of the elements carry physical dimensions (or “units”), such as volts, amperes, or meters. Many people have independently developed mathematical models of dimensioned scalar quantities along various lines similar to those in the previous chapter. However, to my knowledge, there are no previous examinations of the dimensioned vector and matrix structures considered here. Scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and philosophers have not questioned the use of traditional linear algebra in such circumstances. In fact, however, linear algebra was formally developed for dimensionless vectors and matrices, defined in terms of fields that are closed under addition, and in many respects it is not valid for multidimensional applications.
β-Adrenoceptor Dysfunction After Inhibition of NO Synthesis

G(s) protein-coupled beta-adrenoceptors rapidly desensitize on exposure to agonists in reconstituted membrane preparations, whereas rapid tachyphylaxis to beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation does not readily occur in vivo. This study examined the possibility that endothelium-derived nitrosyl factors prevent the rapid desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors in the vascular smooth muscle of resistance arteries in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The fall in mean arterial blood pressure and in hindquarter vascular resistance produced by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 0.1 to 10 microg/kg IV) was slightly but significantly smaller in rats treated with the NO synthase inhibitor N:(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 micromol/kg IV) than in saline-treated rats. The ISO-induced fall in mesenteric resistance was similar in L-NAME-treated and in saline-treated rats. The fall in hindquarter vascular resistance and in mesenteric resistance produced by ISO (8 x 10 microg/kg IV) was subject to tachyphylaxis on repeated injection in rats treated with L-NAME (100 micromol/kg IV) but not in rats treated with saline. Injections of L-S:-nitrosocysteine (1200 nmol/kg IV), a lipophobic S:-nitrosothiol, before each injection of ISO (10 microg/kg IV) prevented tachyphylaxis to ISO in L-NAME-treated rats. The vasodilator effects of ISO (0.1 to 10 microg/kg IV) in L-NAME-treated rats that received 8 injections of ISO (10 microg/kg IV) were markedly smaller than in L-NAME-treated rats that received 8 injections of saline. These results indicate that (1) the vasodilator actions of ISO in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats only minimally involve the release of endothelium-derived nitrosyl factors, (2) the effects of ISO are subject to development of tachyphylaxis in L-NAME-treated rats, and (3) tachyphylaxis to ISO is prevented by L-S:-nitrosocysteine. These findings suggest that endothelium-derived nitrosyl factors may prevent desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors in vivo.
Regulatory T cells and tumor immunity.

Central deletion of “self-reactive” T cells has been the textbook paradigm for inducing “self-tolerance” in the periphery and the concept of a role of T cell-mediated suppression in this process has long been controversial. A decisive shift in the opinion on suppressor T cells has lately occurred with the observations of Sakaguchi’s group that linked a class of CD4+CD25+ T cells to the prevention of autoimmunity from neonatal thymectomy in mice. These CD4+CD25+ T cells have been named T regulatory (Treg) cells. They are believed to be selected in the thymus as an anti-self repertoire. Hence they were referred to as natural T regulatory (nTreg) cells. Presently, in addition to their role in autoimmunity, they are believed to exert regulatory function in infection, in transplantation immunity as well as in tumor immunity. In contrast to these nTreg cells, another class of CD4+ Treg cells also exercises regulatory function in the periphery. These Treg cells are also CD4+ T cells and after activation they also become phenotypically CD4+CD25+. They are, however induced in the periphery as Treg cells. Hence, they are termed as induced Treg (iTreg) cells. There are major differences in the biology of these two types of Treg cells. They differ in their requirements for activation and in their mode of action. Nonetheless, evidence indicates that both nTreg cells and iTreg cells are involved in the control of tumor immunity. The question of how to circumvent their regulatory constraints, therefore, has become a major challenge for tumor immunologists.
Kasugamycin Resistance: 30S Ribosomal Mutation with an Unusual Location on the Escherichia coli Chromosome

A mutation in Escherichia coli to resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic kasugamycin alters the 30S ribosomal subunit. Though all other known 30S ribosomal mutations are located in a cluster in the streptomycin region, kasugamycin resistance is located at a distance from this region, near the leucine region.
Inhibition of Spontaneous β2-Adrenergic Activation Rescues β1-Adrenergic Contractile Response in Cardiomyocytes Overexpressing β2-Adrenoceptor

Abstract Cardiac-specific overexpression of the human β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) in transgenic mice (TG4) enhances basal cardiac function due to ligand-independent spontaneous β2-AR activation. However, agonist-mediated stimulation of either β1-AR or β2-AR fails to further enhance contractility in TG4 ventricular myocytes. Although the lack of β2-AR response has been ascribed to an efficient coupling of the receptor to pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi proteins in addition to Gs, the contractile response to β1-AR stimulation by norepinephrine and an α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin is not restored by pertussis toxin treatment despite a Gi protein elevation of 1.7-fold in TG4 hearts. Since β-adrenergic receptor kinase, βARK1, activity remains unaltered, the unresponsiveness of β1-AR is not caused by βARK1-mediated receptor desensitization. In contrast, pre-incubation of cells with anti-adrenergic reagents such as muscarinic receptor agonist, carbachol (10− 5 m), or a β2-AR inverse agonist, ICI 118,551 (5 × 10− 7 m), to abolish spontaneous β2-AR signaling, both reduce the base-line cAMP and contractility and, surprisingly, restore the β1-AR contractile response. The “rescued” contractile response is completely reversed by a β1-AR antagonist, CGP 20712A. Furthermore, these results from the transgenic animals are corroborated by in vitro acute gene manipulation in cultured wild type adult mouse ventricular myocytes. Adenovirus-directed overexpression of the human β2-AR results in elevated base-line cAMP and contraction associated with a marked attenuation of β1-AR response; carbachol pretreatment fully revives the diminished β1-AR contractile response. Thus, we conclude that constitutive β2-AR activation induces a heterologous desensitization of β1-ARs independent of βARK1 and Giproteins; suppression of the constitutive β2-AR signaling by either a β2-AR inverse agonist or stimulation of the muscarinic receptor rescues the β1-ARs from desensitization, permitting agonist-induced contractile response.
Tracking and Therapeutic Value of Human Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Reducing Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia Associated with Arteriovenous Fistula.

These results indicate that adventitial transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells may be a potential translational therapy for reducing venous stenosis formation.
The Tools of the Trade - Physiological Measurements of the Lungs.

Pulmonary function assessment plays an integral part in the clinical management of school-aged children with respiratory disease. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are being increasingly applied in infants and preschool children too, albeit only in specialised centres. PFTs, when performed and interpreted accurately, provide objective outcome measures which can be used clinically to guide management, for prognostic purposes and in epidemiological research studies. They can be used to determine the nature and severity of lung disease, to ascertain response to treatment and to monitor disease progression. PFTs are rarely diagnostic in their own right with the exception of asthma, but are valuable adjuncts and before clinicians select a PFT they must know what the results are likely to be in the disease being considered. Spirometry and tests of airway calibre and function are the most widely used PFTs, as diseases in children commonly affect airway function. As such, spirometry should be a standard part of the assessment of school-age children who present to the pediatrician with chronic respiratory symptoms. This review will provide a bird’s eye view of currently available PFTs in children to assist in the diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders.
Author Self-Citation in the Otolaryngology Literature: A Pilot Study.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of author self-citation in the field of otolaryngology.Study Design and SettingA retrospective review of bibliographic references in 5 otolaryngology journals.S...
BACTERIOPHAGE-RESISTANT AND BACTERIOPHAGE-SENSITIVE BACTERIA IN A CHEMOSTAT

In this paper a mathematical model of the population dynamics of a bacteriophage-sensitive and a bacteriophage-resistant bacteria in a chemostat where the resistant bacteria is an inferior competitor for nutrient is studied. The focus of the study is on persistence and extinction of bacterial strains and bacteriophage.
Designing Efficient Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensing Platforms: Optimization of Sensor Response by Controlling the Edge Length of Gold Nanoprisms

Over the past few years, the unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of plasmonic nanostructures have been used to design label-free biosensors. In this article, we demonstrate that it is the difference in edge length of gold nanoprisms that significantly influences their bulk refractive index sensitivity and local sensing efficiency. Nanoprisms with edge lengths in the range of 28–51 nm were synthesized by the chemical-reduction method and sensing platforms were fabricated by chemisorption of these nanoprisms onto silanized glass substrates. The plasmonic nanosensors fabricated from 28 nm edge length nanoprisms exhibited the largest sensitivity to change in bulk refractive index with a value of 647 nm/RIU. The refractive index sensitivity decreased with increasing edge length, with nanoprisms of 51 nm edge length, displaying a sensitivity of 384 nm/RIU. In contrast, we found that the biosensing efficiency of sensing platforms modified with biotin increased with increasing edge length, with ...
Assessment of Complication Types and Rates Related to Diagnostic Angiography and Interventional Neuroradiologic Procedures A Four Year Review (1993–1996)

SUMMARY We determined the types and rates of complications related to diagnostic angiography and neuroradiologic interventional procedures at a centre that carries out the full spectrum of angiographic procedures. The occurrence of immediate and delayed complications in 1929 neuroangiographic procedures (1358 diagnostic and 571 interventional) performed between the years 1993-1996 was prospectively identified and recorded on a daily basis. A retrospective review of all charts of patients having procedures conducted during the study period was also carried out to ensure that no complications were missed. The overall complication rate for diagnostic cerebral angiography was 2.2%. Puncture site complications ranged from 0 - 0.1 %. Vessel injury distal to the puncture site ranged from 0.2 - 0.6%. The temporary neurologic complication rate was 0.3%, while the permanent rate was 0.4%. There were no contrast reactions. The death rate was 0.1 %. Interventional procedures had higher incidences of complications with overall rates ranging from 5.3 - 33%. Temporary and permanent neurologic deficits occurred at a rate of 0 - 10.5% depending upon the procedure involved. Individual complication and death rates and complication categories are provided for arteriovenous malformation embolisation, tumour embolisation, temporary balloon occlusion tests, detachable balloon vessel sacrifice, urokinase infusion, angioplasty, papavarine infusion, GDC embolisation, and carotid cavernous fistula embolisation. When carried out in experienced hands, neuroangiography and neurointervention are relatively safe with low incidences of neurologic and non-neurologic complications. Knowledge of these rates is important when counselling patients prior to treatments or deciding upon the risk-benefit ratio of preoperative procedures.
Catalytic C-C Bond Formation and the Hendricksonian Ideal: Atom- and Redox-Economy, Stereo- and Site-Selectivity.

“The ideal synthesis creates a complex skeleton… in a sequence only of successive construction reactions involving no intermediary refunctionalizations, and leading directly to the structure of the target, not only its skeleton but also its correctly placed functionality.”1 The Hendricksonian view of synthetic efficiency1 tacitly recognizes the importance of merged redox-construction events (“redox-economy”);2 regio-, chemo- (site-), and stereoselectivity;3 protecting-group-free chemical synthesis;4 and the minimization of pre-activation: the degree of separation between reagent and feedstock.5 Guided by these principles, it can be posited that stereo- and site-selective methods for the assembly of organic molecules that occur with the addition, acceptorless removal or redistribution of hydrogen are natural endpoints in the advancement of methods for process-relevant chemical synthesis.6,7 Hydrogenation and hydroformylation represent two of the largest-volume applications of homogeneous metal catalysis. Merging the chemistry of hydrogenation and carbonyl addition, we have developed a broad new family of “C–C bond forming hydrogenations”—processes wherein two or more reactants are hydrogenated to form a single, more complex product in the absence of stoichiometric byproducts (Scheme 1).7a,b,8 Unlike classical carbonyl additions, such transformations bypass the use of premetallated reagents and cryogenic conditions, and are completely atom-efficient. Scheme 1 Byproduct-Free Carbonyl and Imine Addition via C–C Bond-Forming Hydrogenation. (Ref. 8) By folding hydrogen into the carbonyl reactant, one can exploit the native reducing ability of alcohols in the related “C–C bond forming transfer hydrogenations.” Here, redox-triggered carbonyl addition is achieved upon hydrogen exchange between alcohols and π-unsaturated reactants to generate transient aldehyde–organometal pairs that combine to form products of alcohol C–H functionalization.7c,d Remarkably, certain chiral iridium catalysts display a pronounced kinetic preference for primary alcohol dehydrogenation, enabling enantio- and site-selective C–C coupling of diols and triols (Scheme 2).9 Such site-selectivity streamlines chemical synthesis, as it precludes protecting group installation and removal, as well as discrete alcohol-to-aldehyde redox manipulations. Scheme 2 Catalyst-Directed Diastereo- and Site-Selectivity Ir-Catalyzed Alcohol C–H Functionalization. (Ref. 9) As illustrated in the total syntheses of diverse polyketide natural products (Figure 1),7c the ability to engage polyfunctional molecules in a site-selective manner has induced a shift in retrosynthetic paradigm and a step-function change in synthetic efficiency. More broadly, the hydrogen-mediated C–C couplings we have developed suggest other processes that traditionally employ premetallated reagents can now be conducted catalytically in the absence of stoichiometric metals. Figure 1 Polyketide Natural Products Prepared via Direct Alcohol C–H Functionalization. (Ref. 7c)
Vocal Fold Paralysis and Thyroid Surgery

Vocal fold immobility can be due to either paralysis, paresis, or immobility. Vocal fold mobility may be impaired either due to the primary thyroid disease, nerve injury with surgery, or in rare cases the intubation related to surgery. Aggressive malignant thyroid disease may directly involve the recurrent or superior laryngeal nerves, and thyroid surgery may result in temporary or permanent injury to the laryngeal nerves. This chapter will discuss the overall etiology and the thyroid disease specific causes of vocal fold immobility and vocal fold paralysis. It will describe surgical technical methods to avoid thyroid injury and importance of early evaluation of dysphonia with thyroid disease or following thyroid surgery. Finally, the chapter will discuss methods to rehabilitate voice and swallowing in patients with vocal fold paralysis. Controversies related to the evaluation, intraoperative assessment, and treatment and long-term treatment will be presented.
Shearing behavior of landfill composite liner by simple shear test

The scope of this paper is to investigate shearing behavior of landfill composite liner by using ring simple shear apparatus to conduct integrated shearing test for the composite liner system.The composite liner used in the tests consists of sand layer,nonwoven geotextile,geonet,HDPE geomembrane and compacted clay.From the test results,it can be found that the relationship between shear stress and displacement of a composite liner does not show a softening behavior under a low normal pressure and however,it shows a hardening behavior under a high normal pressure.The critical failure interface with the largest displacement in a composite liner is not fixed at a single interface,and it can shift from one to another with changes of normal pressure.Thus,the conventional research method for the composite liner systems,which is to conduct liner interface test separately to find a single weakest interface,cannot simulate the true shearing behavior for a composite liner system in landfill.The strength envelop of a composite liner can be simulated by a hyperbolic model.
Rubella Immunization of Hospital Personnel: A Debate

In recent months several advisory groups have issued recommendations urging hospitals to undertake comprehensive rubella control programs. The primary impetus for these suggestions has been the recognition that, despite a declining rubella incidence in the general population, pregnant women still are being exposed to this infection in hospitals. In 1979 the Vanderbilt University Hospital initiated a limited rubella control program, encompassing new and current employees working in “traditional” high-risk areas of the hospital: obstetrics (wards and clinics), labor and delivery, nursery, pediatrics (wards and clinics), and the emergency department. Medical and nursing students also were included. All persons were tested serologically and immunization was offered to susceptibles, but was not required (except for students and house officers). The Infection Control Committee and hospital administration readily approved this program.
Proton-coupled electron transfer reactions: analytical rate constants and case study of kinetic isotope effects in lipoxygenase

A general theory has been developed for proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), which is vital to a wide range of chemical and biological processes. This theory describes PCET reactions in terms of nonadiabatic transitions between reactant and product electron–proton vibronic states and includes the effects of thermal fluctuations of the solvent or protein environment, as well as the proton donor–acceptor motion. Within the framework of this general PCET theory, a series of analytical rate constant expressions has been derived for PCET reactions in well-defined regimes. Herein, the application of this theory to PCET in the enzyme soybean lipoxygenase illustrates the regimes of validity for the various rate constant expressions and elucidates the fundamental physical principles dictating PCET reactions. Such theoretical studies provide significant physical insights that guide the interpretation of experimental data and lead to experimentally testable predictions. A combination of theoretical treatments with atomic-level simulations is essential to understanding PCET.
Communication in economic mechanisms

INTRODUCTION This chapter considers the problem of finding allocations that satisfy certain social goals when economic agents have private information regarding their preferences. This problem has been discussed since at least the early 20thcentury debate on alternative economic mechanisms, but it has received renewed attention recently in the literature on “market design,” which proposes mechanisms to solve various allocation problems of practical importance. For example, the “two-sided matching problem” arises in allocating workers across firms, students across schools, or medical interns across medical schools (Roth and Sotomayor (1990)). The “combinatorial auction problem” arises in allocating bundles of indivisible items among bidders (Cramton et al. (2006)). Both agents' preferences and social goals in these problems differ substantially from those in the classical economies studied earlier. In particular, agents' preferences often exhibit nonconvexities and indivisibilities, and the social goals may include exact or approximate efficiency, voluntary participation, stability to group deviations, and even some notions of fairness. A major theme in the “market design” literature is that the choice of mechanism is not determined by incentives alone. Indeed, if incentive compatibility were the only concern, it could be verified with a direct revelation mechanism. However, full revelation of agents' preferences is often impractical or undesirable, for several reasons: First, sometimes full revelation requires a prohibitive amount of communication – e.g., a bidder in a combinatorial auction would have to announce his valuations for all possible bundles of objects, whose number is exponential in the number of objects.
Ab Initio Thermodynamics and Kinetics for Coalescence of Two-Dimensional Nanoislands and Nanopits on Metal (100) Surfaces

Postdeposition coalescence or sintering of pairs of low-strain two-dimensional nanoislands and nanopits on unreconstructed metal (100) surfaces is typically mediated by diffusion along step edges, and is highly sensitive to the associated kinetics. Thus, for selected systems, we provide an ab initio density functional theory (DFT) level description of both system thermodynamics and kinetics. Specifically, we assess lateral pair and trio interactions both conventionally with adatoms at 4-fold hollow adsorption sites, and unconventionally with one adatom at the bridge-site transition state for hopping. Rather than use standard cluster expansion algorithms, these interactions are determined subject to the constraint that key step-edge properties are recovered exactly. Together, both classes of interactions determine barriers for edge diffusion processes for any local step configuration, including diffusion along close-packed ⟨110⟩ edges, kink rounding, meandering processes at kinked ⟨100⟩ steps, and extracti...
Preparticipation cardiovascular screening: Clinical partnership is the only certainty

Sports cardiology is a rapidly evolving medical subspecialty with an overarching aim of providing comprehensive clinical cardiovascular care for competitive athletes and highly active patients. In Europe, the USA and beyond, a growing number of cardiologists are dedicating themselves to the acquisition of the specific skills required to optimally care for this unique population. At the most fundamental level, effective sports cardiology requires partnership with other members of the athlete care team including team physicians, sports medicine specialist, athletic trainers and coaches. In no setting is the importance of these partnerships more critical, than in the arena of preparticipation cardiovascular screening (PPCS). For several decades, professional governance bodies charged with overseeing the cardiovascular care of athletes have universally recommended PPCS based on the notion that detection and subsequent management of occult cardiovascular diseases has the potential to reduce the incidence of sudden death during athletic participation.1 ,2 Despite near universal endorsement by cardiovascular and sports medicine organisations, PPCS remains shrouded in controversy. Key unresolved issues including the …
Associations between time since event and posttraumatic growth among military veterans

Despite efforts to understand the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of posttraumatic growth (PTG), the role of time since a traumatic event (time since event) vis-a-vis PTG is not well unde...
Termination of Analytically Oriented Psychotherapy in Groups

(1959). Termination of Analytically Oriented Psychotherapy in Groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 326-337.
Prostate-Specific Antigen and Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics in Predicting 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Positivity for First Bone Metastases in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy.

We evaluated the association between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and kinetics to predict 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-NaF PET-CT) positivity for first bone metastases in men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. All 18F-NaF PET-CT scans that were performed at our institution during 2010–2014 were queried to find patients who demonstrated biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Records were reviewed to obtain data on PSA levels and kinetics at the time of 18F-NaF PET-CT and pathologic features of the prostatectomy specimen, which were then used for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine predictability for 18F-NaF PET positivity. Thirty-six patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 8 (22.2%) had positive 18F-NaF PET-CT scans. Mean values for PSA, PSA doubling time (PSADT), and PSA velocity (PSAV) were 2.02 ng/ml (range: 0.06–11.7 ng/ml), 13.2 months (range: 1.11–60.84), and 1.28 ng/ml/year (range: 0.1–5.28) for 18F-NaF PET-CT negative scans, and 4.11 ng/ml (range: 0.04–14.38 ng/ml), 8.9 months (range; 0.7–27.8), and 9.06 ng/ml/year (range: 0.04–50.2) for 18F-NaF PET-CT positive scans, respectively (P = 0.07, 0.47, and 0.02, respectively, for PSA, PSADT, and PSAV). ROC analysis for 18F-NaF PET-CT positivity resulted in area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.634 for PSA, 0.598 for PSADT, and 0.688 for PSAV. ROC analysis with combined models gave AUC values of 0.723 for a combination of PSA and PSADT, 0.689 for a combination of PSA and PSAV, and 0.718 for grouping of PSA, PSADT, and PSAV. There was no significant association between 18F-NaF PET-CT positivity and primary tumor Gleason score, TN staging, and status of surgical margins. 18F-NaF PET-CT detected first-time osseous metastases in 22.2% of our patients with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy with the PSA level range ≤11.7 ng/ml. PSAV was statistically significant in predicting 18F-NaF PET-CT positivity. ROC analysis demonstrated higher AUCs when PSA was combined with PSA kinetics parameters.
Potential yield of imminent death kidney donation

About 99,000 people are waiting for a kidney in the US, and many will die waiting. The concept of “imminent death” donation, a type of living donation, has been gaining attention among physicians, patients, and ethicists. We estimated the number of potential imminent death kidney donors at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics by estimating the number of annual deaths in individuals with normal kidney function. Based on a previous survey suggesting that 1/3 of patients might be willing to donate at imminent death, we estimate that between 76 and 396 people in the state of Wisconsin would be medically eligible and willing to donate each year at the time of imminent death. We extrapolated these numbers to all transplant centers in the US, estimating that between 5925 and 31,097 people might be eligible and willing to donate. Our results suggest that allowing donation at imminent death and including discussions about organ donation in end-of-life planning could substantially reduce the nation's kidney waiting list while providing many more donors the opportunity to give this gift. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Computational Modeling of the Hsp90 Interactions with Cochaperones and Small-Molecule Inhibitors

Allosteric interactions of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 with a diverse array of cochaperones and client proteins, such as protein kinases and transcription factors, allow for efficient molecular communication in signal transduction networks. Deregulation of pathways involving these proteins is commonly associated with cancer pathologies and allosteric inhibition of oncogenic clients by targeting Hsp90 provides a powerful therapeutic strategy in cancer research. We review several validated computational approaches and tools used in the studies of the Hsp90 interactions with proteins and small molecules. These methods include experimentally guided docking to predict Hs90-protein interactions, molecular and binding free energy simulations to analyze Hsp90 binding with small molecules, and structure-based network modeling to evaluate allosteric interactions and communications in the Hsp90 regulatory complexes. Through the lens of allosteric-centric view on Hsp90 function and regulation, we discuss newly emerging computational tools that link protein structure modeling with biophysical simulations and network-based systems biology approaches.
Abstract 24071: A Peptide Of The Amino-terminus Of Grk2 Induces Hypertrophy And Yet Elicits Cardioprotection After Pressure Overload.

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide and a growing burden on public health, and the underlying mechanisms of cardiac remodeling and decompensation to HF remain a focus of research efforts towards therapeutic development. Signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is critical for normal heart function and is tightly controlled by GPCR kinases (GRKs) with GRK2 (originally βARK1), being intimately involved in HF progression. In addition to its well-characterized role in regulating GPCRs, ongoing research has demonstrated great diversity in the functional roles of GRK2. I have recently investigated GRK2 amino terminal binding interactions through the generation of transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac-targeted expression of the amino-terminal peptide βARKnt (residues 50-145). In a murine model of trans-aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload, echocardiography revealed increased left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness (1.57 versus 1.37 ± 0.02; n = 16) and LV mass in TgβARKnt compared to non-transgenic littermate controls (NLC) 4 weeks after TAC or Sham surgery. Interestingly, despite enhanced hypertrophy at baseline and after acute pressure overload, the progression to HF was paradoxically inhibited in TgβARKnt mice during chronic pressure overload with preserved cardiac function (% Ejection Fraction 57.3 versus 37.3 ± 2.0; n = 11, 10). Further, βARKnt expression limited adverse left ventricular remodeling, with reduced interstitial fibrosis (% area fibrosis 4.1 versus 9.2 ± 0.8; n = 11, 9 hearts) and preserved β-adrenergic receptor density 4 weeks after surgery. The effect of cardiac βARKnt expression was not consistent with alterations in GRK2 activity at GPCRs as neither GRK2 peptide inhibition (TgβARKct) nor GRK2 overexpression alter hypertrophy, and overexpression hastens HF development. Further, TgβARKnt mice exhibit reduced epididymal white adipose content and altered mitochondrial respiration, suggesting altered cardiac metabolism. These data support the idea that the βARKnt peptide embodies a distinct functional interaction and that βARKnt-mediated regulation of β-adrenergic receptor density may provide a novel means of cardioprotection during pressure-overload induced HF.
Clinical, Biochemical, Radiographic, Epidemiologic, and Economic Features of Osteoporosis

SUMMARY Osteoporosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by low bone mass and fracture, primarily of vertebrae, hip, and distal forearm. Many factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the final clinical event, the fracture. In some patients an initial deficiency or rapid loss of trabecular bone may result in vertebral collapse. In others, loss of cortical bone may result in hip fracture. Fracture itself may occur not only because of low bone mass but also because of other factors intrinsic to bone, such as accumulation of microdamage, or extrinsic to bone, such as poor coordination or frequency of trauma. The many factors that play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder may appear confusing; however, they provide several areas in which therapeutic intervention may prove to be of value to the patient.
A pseudo non-time-splitting scheme in air quality modeling

Air quality standards require better analysis of the impact of emissions from industrial plants and automobiles. The model used for determining the concentration of pollutant consists of a coupled system of diffusion equations which include advection due to the wind velocity, nonlinear chemical reactions of the concentrations, and emission sources. A commonly used method to solve this system numerically in the splitting method: We split each equation into three parts: a diffusion equation, an advection equation, and a system of ordinary differential equations which involves the chemistry. Then we solve in alternate intervals the diffusion system, the advection system and the chemistry system. On February 17, 1994 Pu Sun from North Carolina Supercomputing Center (Research Triangle Park) presented a new computational approach which he calls `a pseudo non-time-splitting scheme.’ He expects that the errors due to the time-splitting scheme may be reduced and that the physical process may be more accurately modeled by this method, while the computational time remains almost the same; alternately, keeping the tolerance level of error fixed, this method should reduce the CPU time. He illustrated his approach with an example of cosine hill rotation with chemical reaction.
“Of Miracles” at Work in the Decline and Fall

Hume and Gibbon offended their Christian contemporaries because of what they made—in a largely insinuative, ironical way—of miracles. “Of Miracles” questions the credibility of witnesses to miracles, and chapter fifteen of the Decline and Fall ends with doubts about the historical accounts of the miracles of early Christianity. Donald Livingston’s insightful observations on Hume’s view of society and its roots in his historical consciousness help explain why “Of Miracles” provoked such passionate responses. “The social world, for Hume, is an order of passion and thought, and of the reflective passions and thoughts men have about that order.... The social world, then, will have some sort of narrative unity woven together by the temporally reflective imagination. People are held together not merely by passions unreflectively felt and tenselessly ordered, but by narrative associations, i.e., by the stories they tell about themselves. The legal, moral, social, political, aesthetic, and religious standards that constitute the moral world are the products of narrative associations of ideas, and so are part of some narrative unity. The moral world is a system of stories.”1
The chemistry of biological sulfonium compounds.

Sulfonium compounds have been known to the organic chemist for almost 90 years. During most of this period they remained curiosities, well suited for didactic purposes to illustrate certain similarities to ether adducts and to organic ammonium compounds. Their exploration remained largely in the academic realm, because no unusual practical applications were found in spite of a steady increase in the attention paid to them. An event that occasionally puts a class of compounds into the center of interest is the recognition of its occurrence in nature and of special biological significance. The first natural sulfonium compound was discovered less than 20 years ago, somewhat by chance rather than as the climax of some coveted biochemical problem. Gradually, however, the unique role of sulfonium compounds, especially of S-adenosyl-methionine, in enzymatic group transfer reactions such as transmethylation was recognized, and the recent upsurge of interest has been exceptional.
Green applications of metal–organic frameworks

The field of green chemistry, governed by twelve principles, seeks to provide guidelines for developing materials, processes and systems that mitigate or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Comprised of metal nodes bridged by organic linkers, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an intriguing class of 2D and 3D hybrid porous materials that have been studied for various environmentally conscious applications. This highlight article discusses the study of MOFs in traditional green chemistry applications such as catalysis, and solar energy conversion and storage, as well as other green applications that fall outside the scope of green chemistry such as air and water pollution remediation.
How to resolve a phonon-associated property into contributions of basic phonon modes

Many properties of materials are associated with phonons. To better understand the phonon-property relation, it is a common practice to decompose the phonon-associated property into the contributions of basic phonon/vibration modes (e.g. longitudinal/transverse acoustic/optical mode), and identify the mode(s) that dominate(s) the property. The existing methods rely on labelling the phonon into one of the basic modes (BMs), however, the vibration characteristics of many phonons are different from the definitions of BMs, indicating these methods may give wrong decomposition results. Here we present a new method based on treating the phonon as a mixture of the BMs. By aligning the wave vectors and then projecting the phonon eigenvector onto the eigenvectors of the BMs, we can obtain the weights of the BMs on the given phonon, which can be used to quantify the contribution of each BM to the property. As an example, we apply this method to unravel the phonon modes that dominate the scattering of the electrons at the conduction band edge in two-dimensional antimony, an emerging semiconductor that has attracted great interest for electronics, but its mobility-limiting factors remain unclear. We find that the electron scattering is dominated by the out-of-plane acoustic phonon mode followed by the longitudinal acoustic mode, which are different from the results of other methods. Our method is generally applicable to different kinds of phonon-related properties and to all crystal materials.
A database of news videos for investigating the dynamics of emotion and memory

Emotional experiences are known to be both perceived and remembered differently from nonemotional experiences, often leading to heightened encoding of salient visual details and subjectively vivid recollection. The vast majority of previous studies have used static images to investigate how emotional event content modulates cognition, yet natural events unfold over time. Therefore, little is known about how emotion dynamically modulates continuous experience. Here we report a norming study wherein we developed a new stimulus set of 126 emotionally negative, positive, and neutral videos depicting real-life news events. Participants continuously rated the valence of each video during its presentation and judged the overall emotional intensity and valence at the end of each video. In a subsequent memory test, participants reported how vividly they could recall the video details and estimated each video's duration. We report data on the affective qualities and subjective memorability of each video. The results replicate the well-established effect that emotional experiences are remembered more vividly than nonemotional experiences. Importantly, this novel stimulus set will facilitate research into the temporal dynamics of emotional processing and memory.
IoT-based Multi-view Machine Vision Systems

Distributed cameras have been used widely for real-time image recognition. There are two main approaches in distributed camera systems: 1. The cameras are equipped with a powerful high-end processor for local image processing, 2. Low-cost cameras with resource-constrained processors are used for capturing the images and transferring them to a cloud server for classification purposes. The first approach is costly and not scalable. The second approach is too slow for real-time object detection due to the transfer delays to a remote server. These problems exacerbate in multi-view image recognition, where a central platform is required for collective image processing of multiple images from the same scene. So, there is a need for a scalable intelligent engine that can adapt itself based on the communication and processing delays and energy level of cameras (if battery operated) to accomplish real-time object recognition. This paper proposes to move from the traditional cognitive services based on training models in the cloud and requesting inference locally at cameras to a hierarchical bandwidth-efficient machine learning structure spread across cameras, edge devices and the cloud server for handling high density data streams.
A sensitive and robust thin-film x-ray detector using 2D layered perovskite diodes.

Solid-state radiation detectors, using crystalline semiconductors to convert radiation photons to electrical charges, outperform other technologies with high detectivity and sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate a thin-film x-ray detector comprised with highly crystalline two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper phase layered perovskites fabricated in a fully depleted p-i-n architecture. It shows high diode resistivity of 1012 ohm·cm in reverse-bias regime leading to a high x-ray detecting sensitivity up to 0.276 C Gyair−1 cm−3. Such high signal is collected by the built-in potential underpinning operation of primary photocurrent device with robust operation. The detectors generate substantial x-ray photon–induced open-circuit voltages that offer an alternative detecting mechanism. Our findings suggest a new generation of x-ray detectors based on low-cost layered perovskite thin films for future x-ray imaging technologies.
Bioabsorbable Microplates as an External Stent for Suprastomal Collapse: A Retrospective Review.

Objective/hypothesis To assess the long-term decannulation outcomes of bioresorbable microplates as an external stent for pediatric tracheostomy patients with suprastomal collapse. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Hospital records of all patients who underwent a bioresorbable microplate for suprastomal collapse from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed at a single institution. The primary outcome measure was tracheostomy decannulation. Results A total of nine patients underwent placement of bioabsorbable microplates to treat suprastomal collapse. After initial tracheostomy, four patients received a laryngotracheal reconstruction prior to their external stent placement, and one patient received a mandibular distraction. The average age at the time of external stent placement was 32 (±21) months, excluding one patient who received a stent at the age of 29 years. Eight patients (88.9%) were successfully decannulated following the procedure. Decannulated patients were followed for an average of 21 (±12.5) months postoperatively, and all these patients have remained decannulated since their initial procedure. This is a total of 173 months (14.4 years) of observation postprocedure in which these patients have remained decannulated. One patient experienced postoperative crepitus requiring washout but still maintained decannulation. Conclusion Bioabsorbable microplates have a reasonable chance of long-term successful decannulation when an appropriate patient is selected. Decannulation is maintained beyond the 6-month time frame in which the 85:15 poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) polymer that comprises the external stent takes to bioabsorb. This procedure should be considered for the often difficult problem of pediatric tracheostomy with isolated suprastomal collapse. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E631-E634, 2021.