cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A robot that uses existing vocabulary to infer non-visual word meanings from observation

The authors present TWIG, a visually grounded word-learning system that uses its existing knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and action schemas to help it learn the meanings of new words from its environment. Most systems built to learn word meanings from sensory data focus on the "base case" of learning words when the robot knows nothing, and do not incorporate grammatical knowledge to aid the process of inferring meaning. The present study shows how using existing language knowledge can aid the word-learning process in three ways. First, partial parses of sentences can focus the robot's attention on the correct item or relation in the environment. Second, grammatical inference can suggest whether a new word refers to a unary or binary relation. Third, the robot's existing predicate schemas can suggest possibilities for a new predicate. The authors demonstrate that TWIG can use its understanding of the phrase '"got the ball" while watching a game of catch to learn that "I" refers to the speaker, "you" refers to the addressee, and the names refer to particular people. The robot then uses these new words to learn that "am" and "are" refer to the identity relation.
The implication of visual research for discourse analysis: transcription beyond language

This article identifies some limitations of discourse analysis by analyzing interactions between five boys in which the TV and the computer are featured as mediational means. The incorporation of several modalities into transcripts and a shift in focus from primarily language to human action facilitate a better understanding of the multi-modal interaction involved. The use of conventional transcripts with a focus on language demonstrates that movie- and computer-mediated interactions appear fragmented; by contrast, an inclusion of images into the transcripts, representing central interactions and/or images of a movie or computer screen, demonstrates the significant visual modes that are imperative to the ongoing talk. Just as written words correspond to the oral language, images can exemplify the global interaction among the participants, or they can represent the images on the screen. In addition, viewing an image is much faster than reading a description, so that these images also display the fast pace ...
High NaCl causes Mre11 to leave the nucleus, disrupting DNA damage signaling and repair

High NaCl causes DNA double-strand breaks and cell cycle arrest, but the mechanism of its genotoxicity has been unclear. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism that contributes to this genotoxicity. The Mre11 exonuclease complex is a central component of DNA damage response. This complex assembles at sites of DNA damage, where it processes DNA ends for subsequent activation of repair and initiates cell cycle checkpoints. However, this does not occur with DNA damage caused by high NaCl. Rather, following high NaCl, Mre11 exits from the nucleus, DNA double-strand breaks accumulate in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, and DNA repair is inhibited. Furthermore, the exclusion of Mre11 from the nucleus by high NaCl persists following UV or ionizing radiation, also preventing DNA repair in response to those stresses, as evidenced by absence of H2AX phosphorylation at places of DNA damage and by impaired repair of damaged reporter plasmids. Activation of chk1 by phosphorylation on Ser345 generally is required for DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. However, chk1 does not become phosphorylated during high NaCl-induced cell cycle arrest. Also, high NaCl prevents ionizing and UV radiation-induced phosphorylation of chk1, but cell cycle arrest still occurs, indicating the existence of alternative mechanisms for the S and G2/M delays. DNA breaks that occur normally during processes such as DNA replication and transcription, as well as damages to DNA induced by genotoxic stresses, ordinarily are rapidly repaired. We propose that inhibition of this repair by high NaCl results in accumulation of DNA damage, accounting for the genotoxicity of high NaCl, and that cell cycle delay induced by high NaCl slows accumulation of DNA damage until the DNA damage-response network can be reactivated.
Efficacy of paclitaxel released from bio-adhesive polymer microspheres on model superficial bladder cancer

ABSTRACTPurpose: We aimed to promote the efficacy of paclitaxel in intracavitary treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by designing bio-adhesive microspheres capable of achieving controlled release of the drug at the urothelium/urine interface.Materials and Methods: Poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) microspheres encapsulating paclitaxel were prepared by a single emulsion method. Bioactivity of the released paclitaxel was confirmed by assessing cytotoxicity on MBT-2, a bladder cancer cell line. Biodistribution of particles after bladder instillation was assessed by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vivo studies were performed in Balb/c mice after bladder cancer was induced by BBN (N-n-Butyl-N-butan-4-ol-nitrosamine) in drinking water. The efficacy of intravesical injections of conventional and microsphere paclitaxel was assessed by histology and survival rates.Results: Spherical 5 μm microspheres with 5% weight per weight paclitaxel loading ensured sustai...
Paradigm Shift for the Alcohol Breath Test

The alcohol breath test (ABT) has been used for quantification of ethyl alcohol in individuals suspected of driving under the influence for more than 50 years. In this time, there has been little change in the concepts underlying this single breath test. The old model, which assumes that end-exhaled breath alcohol concentration is closely related to alveolar air alcohol concentration, is no longer acceptable. This paper reviews experimental research and mathematical modeling which has evaluated the pulmonary exchange processes for ethyl alcohol. Studies have shown that alcohol exchanges dynamically with the airway tissue both during inspiration and expiration. The airway tissue interaction makes it impossible to deliver air with alveolar alcohol concentration to the mouth. It is concluded that the ABT is dependent on physiological factors that need to be assessed for accurate testing.
A spectral Integral method (SIM) for layered media

A spectral integral method is presented for electromagnetic scattering from dielectric and perfectly electric conducting (PEC) objects with a closed boundary embedded in a layered medium. Two-dimensional layered medium Green's functions are computed adaptively by using Gaussian quadratures. The singular terms in the Green's functions and the non-smooth terms in their derivatives are handled appropriately to achieve exponential convergence. Numerical results, compared with the ones obtained by using other methods, demonstrate the spectral accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed method. They also confirm that the spectral integral method (SIM) is applicable to concave objects.
Self-Consistent Electronic-Structure Calculations for Interface Geometries

We describe a technique for computing self-consistent electronic structures and total energies of planar defects, such as interfaces, which are embedded in an otherwise perfect crystal. As in the Layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostol-er approach, the solid is treated as a set of coupled layers of atoms, using Bloch's theorem to take advantage of the two-dimensional periodicity of the individual layers. The layers are coupled using the techniques of the Real-Space Multiple-Scattering Theory, avoiding artificial slab or supercell boundary conditions. A total-energy calculation on a Cu crystal, which has been split apart at a (111) plane, is used to illustrate the method.
Bioenergetic adaptation in response to autophagy regulators during rotenone exposure

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with both mitochondrial dysfunction and insufficient autophagy playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Among the risk factors, exposure to the environmental neurotoxin rotenone increases the probability of developing Parkinson's disease. We previously reported that in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, rotenone-induced cell death is directly related to inhibition of mitochondrial function. How rotenone at nM concentrations inhibits mitochondrial function, and whether it can engage the autophagy pathway necessary to remove damaged proteins and organelles, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that autophagy plays a protective role against rotenone toxicity in primary neurons. We found that rotenone (10-100 nM) immediately inhibited cellular bioenergetics. Concentrations that decreased mitochondrial function at 2 h, caused cell death at 24 h with an LD50 of 10 nM. Overall, autophagic flux was decreased by 10 nM rotenone at both 2 and 24 h, but surprisingly mitophagy, or autophagy of the mitochondria, was increased at 24 h, suggesting that a mitochondrial-specific lysosomal degradation pathway may be activated. Up-regulation of autophagy by rapamycin protected against cell death while inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine exacerbated cell death. Interestingly, while 3-methyladenine exacerbated the rotenone-dependent effects on bioenergetics, rapamycin did not prevent rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, but caused reprogramming of mitochondrial substrate usage associated with both complex I and complex II activities. Taken together, these data demonstrate that autophagy can play a protective role in primary neuron survival in response to rotenone; moreover, surviving neurons exhibit bioenergetic adaptations to this metabolic stressor.
Atmospheric Controls on Soil Moisture-Boundary Layer Interactions. Part II: Feedbacks within the Continental United States

The CTP-HIlow framework for describing atmospheric controls on soil moisture‐boundary layer interactions is described in a companion paper, Part I. In this paper, the framework is applied to the continental United States to investigate how differing atmospheric regimes influence local feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere. The framework was developed with a one-dimensional boundary layer model and is based on two measures of atmospheric thermodynamic properties: the convective triggering potential (CTP), a measure of the temperature lapse rate between approximately 1 and 3 km above the ground surface, and a low-level humidity index, HIlow. These two measures are used to distinguish between three types of early-morning atmospheric conditions: those favoring moist convection over dry soils, those favoring moist convection over wet soils, and those that will allow or prevent deep convective activity, independent of the surface flux partitioning. Analyses of multiyear CTP-HIlow scatterplots from radiosonde stations across the contiguous 48 United States reveal that during the summer months (June, July, and August) positive feedbacks between soil moisture and moist convection are likely in much of the eastern half of the country. Over the western half of the country, atmospheric conditions and the likelihood of moist convection are largely determined by oceanic influences, and land surface conditions in the summer are unlikely to impact convective triggering. The only area showing a potential negative feedback is in the dryline and monsoon region of the arid Southwest. This potential arises because of the topography of this and surrounding regions. A relatively narrow band of stations lies in between the eastern and western portions of the country, in some years behaving like the stations to the west and in other years behaving like the stations to the east.
Parental Substance Abuse and Child Well-Being: A Consideration of Parents’ Gender and Coresidence

Parental substance abuse is associated with adverse health and developmental outcomes for children. Existing research, however, has not fully explored the relative magnitude of the associations between maternal, paternal, and both parents' substance abuse and child outcomes, nor has it examined these associations in regard to substance abuse among nonresident fathers. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,027) to explore these issues among a cohort of 3-year-old children. We find that children living with a substance-abusing parent are at considerable risk for poor health and behavior outcomes, that such risk is not moderated by parent gender, and that it is substantially larger when both parents have substance abuse problems. Moreover, children with substance-abusing fathers are at a potentially higher risk of health and behavior problems when their fathers live with them, although this risk is still substantial when they do not.
Serum concentrations of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in nursing infants: A case series.

Objective. The relative risk of psychotropic medication use in women with puerperal psychiatric illness who are breastfeeding has yet to be quantified adequately. Although the emotional and medical benefits of breastfeeding and adverse effects of maternal depression on infant development are well described, how these absolute benefits weigh against the potential effects of psychotropic drug use during lactation to ultimately guide clinical decisions is still unclear. The objective of this report was to evaluate the extent that psychotropic medications were present in the serum of infants breastfed by mothers treated with antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Design. Serum samples were obtained from 35 nursing infants whose mothers were treated with psychotropic medications while breastfeeding. When a detectable concentration of medication was reported, information regarding infant behavior was obtained by maternal report. Setting. The Perinatal and Reproductive Psychiatry Program at Massachusetts General Hospital serves as a regional consultation center for the treatment of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Patients. Subjects were mothers referred to the Perinatal Psychiatry Program for consultation regarding the relative safety of psychotropic medication use while breastfeeding. Primary Outcome Measures. Presence of detectable levels of medication in infants whose mothers breastfed while taking psychotropic medications during pregnancy and/or during the puerperium and the well-being (based on maternal report) of infants who had detectable serum concentrations of medication. Results. Seventy-four percent ( n = 26) of infants had serum medication concentrations below the laboratory limit of detection (assay sensitivity 5–50 ng/mL). In the remaining 26% of the sample ( n = 9), serum concentrations of psychotropic medications and/or active metabolites were detected. In each of these cases, infants had been exposed to the medication during pregnancy. Medications were not detected in infant serum when mothers had taken these agents solely during the postpartum period. No readily apparent difficulties with the infants were reported by mothers. Conclusions. These data support the low incidence of infant toxicity and adverse effects associated with antidepressant and benzodiazepine use during breastfeeding. These data also suggest that infant serum monitoring is helpful in the assessment of medication exposure in children of mothers who breastfeed while using psychotropic medications. Given the limited accumulated data regarding serum concentrations of psychotropic medications in breastfeeding infants, no single agent seems to be safer than another. Therefore, choice of pharmacologic treatment should be guided by the likelihood that it will result in restoration of maternal psychiatric well-being.
Vertebral Malformation, Syringomyelia, and Ventricular Septal Defect in a Dromedary Camel (Camelius Dromedarius):

An occipitoatlantoaxial malformation and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were diagnosed in a 36-hour-old female camel. Physical examination revealed a firm protrusion of the dorsal aspect of the atlas and axis, tilting of the head to the left, and a grade V/VI systolic murmur. Neurological examination revealed proprioceptive deficits and ataxia of all 4 limbs. Radiographic examination and necropsy demonstrated malformation, fusion of the atlas to the occiput and hypoplasia of the dens of the axis, and subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint. Dorsoventral laxity of the atlantoaxial joint was also present, with compression of the cervical spinal cord. A 1.5-cm-diameter VSD was observed also. Histopathologic examination of the cervical spinal cord revealed a cavity extending from the level of the first to fourth cervical segment, dorsal to the central canal, 5 cm long and 1-2 mm in diameter. The cells around the cavity were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and sporadically positive for vimentin. This cavitary structure was consistent with syringomyelia, which was lined by glial cells, surrounded by edematous white matter with Wallerian-like degeneration and with neuronal necrosis in the adjacent dorsal horns.
The Plains City Story.

This case study portrays a contemporary phenomenon that affects many U.S. school districts. Specifically, the authors address the challenges that the superintendent of the Plains City school district faced as a result of a change in the demographic distribution of his district. The gradual development of the pig farming industry in Plains City generated an increasing demand for workers. Because of this development, the number of Mexican students in the Plains City school district increased significantly. The authors present an account of some of the actions taken to promote dialogue and to decrease the tension that was generated as a result of the social changes in the community.
Upper bounds of rates of space-time block codes from complex orthogonal designs

Derives some upper bounds on the rates R of (generalized) COST block codes (or complex orthogonal designs) when the number of transmit antennas is more than 2.
The content of education for direct caregivers

ABSTRACTDirect caregivers in nursing homes are the certified nursing assistants (CNAs) who provide the majority of hands-on care. This study administered a knowledge instrument to a sample of CNAs () employed at nursing homes in a northeastern city to evaluate their knowledge in the domains of aging, cognition, and mental health. This study found that despite working with older adults on a daily basis, the CNAs had less than average knowledge in these areas. They demonstrated deficits in knowledge in all three domains. Implications for CNA education and regulation are discussed.
Style, Perception, and Geometry

It has generally been the practice of analysts to use object-specific features (e.g., Hodder 1982) or holistic, Gestalt configurations (e.g., Willey 1962) to define styles. In this paper I will focus on an alternative approach which emphasizes the more basic properties of form, such as line, color, texture, symmetry, and orientation. I will argue that such basic properties of form lie at the heart of the concept of style. Specifically, I will discuss how study of the different states that can be taken by the basic property of symmetry can enhance our understanding of consistencies in decorative pattern in cultural contexts.
The Convergence of Moods and the Cuban-Bond “Conspiracy” of 1898

I T is hardly possible to understand American foreign policy in 1898 without reference to the emotional atmosphere in the United States on the eve of war with Spain. There is far more to this story, however, than the usual account of jingoistic hysteria or the clamor of the "yellow press." The emotional responses of Americans in 1898 must be examined in a broad historical framework, and the impact of these emotions should be examined in detail.' Events of the late-nineteenth century provide the essential background for an understanding of American attitudes in the war crisis. The economic depression of the 1890s and problems of a slowly maturing urbanindustrial society had aroused deep frustrations and generated sharp political clashes. There was a mood of hostility toward vested economic interests and of sympathy for the downtrodden farmer and workingman. But there was also a mood of buoyancy and of confidence about the nation. These psychical responses had their parallel in attitudes about foreign affairs, for there existed a mood of aggressiveness, especially toward England and Spain, and of concern for the unfortunate, in this case the Cuban people. Furthermore, the mood of protest-reform that was typical of the Populist movement and the campaign of William Jennings Bryan and the mood of assertive nationalism that was derived from domestic frustrations converged at a crucial moment in 1898 with complex results. The principal outcome was the appearance of a series of myths which gained credibility among certain Democrats and in other circles where Populist-style thinking prevailed. The application of these myths to foreign affairs was novel, though their themes were familiar; and their impact was significant, for
The Fixed Point Property for Non-Expansive Mappings, II

(1980). The Fixed Point Property for Non-Expansive Mappings, II. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 87, No. 4, pp. 292-294.
The Effect of Sulfanilamide on Experimental Infections with Bacterium Necrophorumin Rabbits

Sulfanilamide has been given a therapeutic trial in a large number of infections. In some instances it has been difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug. However, some of the difficulties may be minimized by using it in the treatment of an infection which may be followed by direct measurement. Certain strains of Bacterium necrophorum when injected subcutaneously into rabbits produce a rapidly spreading lesion and death.1 Since these lesions are accessible for culture and measurement, the influence of the drug on them may be readily evaluated. Two strains of Bact. necrophorum were used, no. 133,1 isolated from a bovine liver abscess and no. 139, obtained from a subacromial abscess in man. Rabbits weighing 3 kg. were injected with 0.5 cc. of a Rosenow dextrose brain broth culture beneath the skin of the abdomen, and were treated at various intervals by feeding gelatin capsules containing 0.5 gram of the crystalline drug twice a day. The progress of the lesion was followed during life and noted at necropsy. Cultures were taken from the subcutaneous lesion, usually from the heart blood, from any organ showing gross pathology at necropsy, and examined for the presence of Bact. necrophorum culturally. All untreated animals died of the infection in from 5 to 12 days following injection of the bovine strain (table 1). The lesions were extensive, covering the whole ventral surface of the animals in some cases. At necropsy, edema and hemorrhage into the subcutaneous tissues were found and were considered evidence of spread of the process. Bact. necrophorum was recovered from a lung abscess in one case. The blood stream may be invaded since a positive blood culture was obtained in one animal just before death. In no case did the lesions of the untreated animals break down and drain to the outside.
Optomagnonics in magnetic solids

Coherent conversion of photons to magnons, and back, provides a natural mechanism for rapid control of interactions between stationary spins with long coherence times and high-speed photons. Despite the large frequency difference between optical photons and magnons, coherent conversion can be achieved through a three-particle interaction between one magnon and two photons whose frequency difference is resonant with the magnon frequency, as in optomechanics with two photons and a phonon. The large spin density of a transparent ferromagnetic insulator (such as the ferrite yttrium iron garnet) in an optical cavity provides an intrinsic photon-magnon coupling strength that we calculate to exceed reported optomechanical couplings. A large cavity photon number and properly selected cavity detuning produce a predicted effective coupling strength sufficient for observing electromagnetically induced transparency and the Purcell effect, and even to reach the ultrastrong coupling regime.
Evaluating the cardiac function in 11-14 weeks' gestation by Doppler ultrasound

Objective To observe the hemodynamic status of heart in normal fetuses between 11+0 to 14+6 weeks' gestation by Doppler ultrasound for obtaining the normative data of these gestational age. Methods There were 230 pregnant women had a general examination by transabdominal ultrasonography between 11+0to 14+6 gestational weeks, and observe the cardiac hemodynamic parameter. Results The A-wave maximum velocity is higher than E-wave maximum velocity both in blood flow of tricuspid and mitral valve. And E-wave and A-wave of tricuspid valve higher than mitral valve significantly. There is no correlation between weeks' gestation and the blood velocity of tricuspid and mitral valves. And there is a positive correlation between the E/A ratios and the gestational weeks. The diastolic and systolic time of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) have a positive correlation with the weeks' gestation, and the isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) in LV and RV have a negative correlation with the gestational week, but the isovolumic contraction time (ICT) has no significant correlation with the weeks' gestation. The Tei index (TI) reflects the cardiac contract function. The TI of LV and RV have a negative correlateion with gestational weeks, and the TI of LV higher than RV, there is statistic difference significantly between them. Conclusion The fetal cardiac structure can be visualized significantly after 13 weeks' gestation, so we can do the echocardiography examination during this phase. The blood velocity of tricuspid faster than mitral, and the ICT and systolic time in RV longer than LV, so the RV function higher than LV. It could be used to indicate the fetal cardiac abnormal functions and structures malformation when the fetal cardiac hemodynamic is changed.
Cold-model Experimental and Simulation Research of Reaction Zone of a Microwave Plasma Torch

In order to analyze the influences of tuning parameters and the frequency of microwave sources on the electric intensity of plasma reaction zone, we put forward a cold-model experiment on a 2.45 GHz microwave plasma torch(MPT), and compared the results with CST electromagnetic simulations. It is obtained that the parameters affect the cold-model experiment with a law that well agrees with the simulation, but the optimal values of the two have certain deviations. The microwave radiation energy is mainly produced by magnetic coupling, and there is the peak of electric field strength when the total height of tuning cylinder is around 45.21～50.04 mm. When the optimal tuning parameters obtained from the cold-model experiment are adopted, MPT of various gases are produced at atmospheric pressure with low power. This verifies the effectiveness of cold-model experiment for obtaining the optimal tuning parameters.
Utilizing IOT(Internet of Things)technology to build vaccine cold chain monitoring systems

According to the characteristics of vaccine and vaccine cold chain management need,Yinzhou District CDC collaborated with related software companies to develop a full process monitoring system for vaccine cold chain management utilizing Internet of Things technology.This article lists out problems existing in previous cold chain management procedures,reports field application of the system,analyzes application effects,and concludes that using Internt of Things technology to develop vaccine cold chain management system is worth promoting in the vaccine management field.
Current Themes and Future Directions in Epistemological Research: A Commentary

This article summarizes and comments upon recent research on epistemological beliefs (i.e., beliefs about knowledge and knowing). I identify four emergent themes, outline directions for future research, and draw links between current theory and educational practice. The four themes pertain to the number relationship among, development, and measurement of epistemological beliefs. I address conceptual and methodological issues in future research. I also identify four educational implications: understanding teachers' beliefs, understanding students' beliefs, promoting critical thinking, and attempting to change teachers' and students' beliefs.
A data-driven method to characterize turbulence-caused uncertainty in wind power generation

Abstract A data-driven methodology is developed to analyze how ambient and wake turbulence affect the power generation of wind turbine(s). Using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data from a wind plant, we select two sets of wind velocity and power data for turbines on the edge of the plant that resemble (i) an out-of-wake scenario and (ii) an in-wake scenario. For each set of data, two surrogate models are developed to represent the turbine(s) power generation as a function of (i) the wind speed and (ii) the wind speed and turbulence intensity. Three types of uncertainties in turbine(s) power generation are investigated: (i) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the reported power curve; (ii) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the estimated power response that accounts for only mean wind speed; and (iii) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the estimated power response that accounts for both mean wind speed and turbulence intensity. Results show that (i) the turbine(s) generally produce more power under the in-wake scenario than under the out-of-wake scenario with the same wind speed; and (ii) there is relatively more uncertainty in the power generation under the in-wake scenario than under the out-of-wake scenario.
The Curvature of a Surface

A regular surface looks like a plane if one zooms sufficiently in near any point, but if one zooms back out, it might curve and bend through the ambient \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\). That’s what makes differential geometry so much richer than Euclidean geometry.
Cross-Generational and Transnational Perspectives on Schooling in Mexican Immigrant Families' Narratives

Through an intergenerational tradition of migration and the maintenance of reciprocal ties with relatives in Mexico, immigrant families utilize multiple strategies to take advantage of educational as well as occupational options on both sides of the border. The operation of education in a transnational social field holds potential consequences for second-generation immigrants' academic performance and adaptation. Much of the work on second- and third-generation students in American schools has taken a pessimistic view of their academic and post-academic futures. However, the present study reveals a more ambiguous set of findings. Most adolescents echo their first-generation parents' goals of social mobility through education and rate their interest in school as high. However, students describe their schools as boring and report doing the minimum necessary to pass their classes. Students' declining academic performance may be associated with an educational system that stresses the credentialing role of sch...
Characterizing cortical activation elicited by STN DBS during the acute response to electrode implantation

Optimization of deep brain stimulation (DBS) parameters is a weeks to months-long process for many patients, due in part to the inflammatory response caused by electrode implantation. To investigate the effect of inflammation on current delivery. transgenic mice, expressing Thy1-GCaMP6f (a genetically-encoded calcium sensor), were implanted with a DBS electrode in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Immediately following insertion, high frequency electrical stimulation of the STN was performed and we imaged changes in fluorescence elicited by stimulation to characterize the response of cortical neurons to STN DBS. Our result is consistent with the idea that the acute inflammatory response during the perioperative and early postoperative periods shunt current away from the desired target compared to the chronic inflammatory state weeks later.
Gender mainstreaming and water development projects: analyzing unexpected enviro-social impacts in Bolivia, India, and Lesotho

AbstractGender mainstreaming policies and programs, meant to be gender-sensitive or to target gender issues, are increasingly implemented by both governmental and non-governmental actors. However, these projects seem set to continually aim solely at women, despite more than a decade of work encouraging broader scope. Using recent case studies from Bolivia, Lesotho, and India, we address the tensions laden in three major questions about water, gender, and development: (1) Is mandatory inclusion of women in water governance and decision-making effective?, (2) Do water development projects provide equal benefits and burdens for women and men?, and (3) In what ways are water projects and their policies impacting and impacted by gendered enviro-social spaces? By providing triangulated data from ethnographic studies in three distinct local contexts, we are able to pinpoint major cross-cutting themes that serve to highlight and interrogate the gendered impacts of water development projects’ policies: public and ...
Who Will Deliver the Babies? Identifying and Addressing Barriers.

The policy brief in this JABFM issue reinforces the low percentage of new family medicine graduates who intend to perform obstetric deliveries, and that only 7% of all family physicians currently do so.[1][1] These impressions, gathered from the American Board of Family Medicine Family Medicine
Effects of soil texture on the interaction between Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne incognita on cotton seedlings.

Soils containing 60, 75, and 90% coarse particles (sand plus coarse silt) were prepared by dilution of a field soil with 246μm (60-mesh) silica sand. As the coarse-particle content of the soils increased, the synergistic interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani on cotton seedlings increased. Increasing the coarse-particle content of the soil also increased damage from the nematode alone and slightly increased soreshin damage from R. solani alone.
P16 The quarter-ellipsoid foot: a clinically accessible 3-dimensional composite measure of foot deformation

Study Design Descriptive Laboratory. Objectives To assess change in foot morphology across loading using innovative, clinically accessible 3-dimesional composite measurements of surface area (SA), volume (V), and SA/V ratio in recreationally-active young adults. Background The foot is quarter-ellipsoid shaped and normally deforms during loading. Foot pliability varies by morphotype and is clinically important when managing foot and ankle pathology. Current clinical composite measures of foot deformation are limited to 2-dimensions. Methods and Measures The feet of 106 recreationally-active young adults (54 right, 52 left, 46 males, 60 females, mean age:21.1±4.2, BMI:24.2±5.0, FPI:4.0±4.0) were evaluated. Foot posture index (FPI) was assessed and categorised as Results Loading significantly decreased foot volume across all foot types (mean ±95% CI: supinated:624.4±61.1 cm3 to 615.7±58.2 cm3, normal:564.1±29.8 cm3 to 556.7±31.3 cm3, pronated:565.7±57.7 cm3 to 541.6±57.3 cm3, highly pronated:554.8±76.9 cm3 to 539.8±76.5 cm3; p Conclusions Quarter-ellipsoid measures calculated from morphologic measurements may have clinical utility in quantifying 3-dimensional foot changes during loading and likely advantageous over 2-dimensional measures when assessing need and response to intervention.
CCCP: Closed Caption Crypto Phones to Resist MITM Attacks, Human Errors and Click-Through

Crypto Phones aim to establish end-to-end secure voice (and text) communications based on human-centric (usually) short checksum validation. They require end users to perform: (1) checksum comparison to detect traditional data-based man-in-the-middle (data MITM) attacks, and, optionally, (2) speaker verification to detect sophisticated voice-based man-in-the-middle (voice MITM) attacks. However, research shows that both tasks are prone to human errors making Crypto Phones highly vulnerable to MITM attacks, especially to data MITM given the prominence of these attacks. Further, human errors under benign settings undermine usability since legitimate calls would often need to be rejected. We introduce Closed Captioning Crypto Phones (CCCP), that remove the human user from the loop of checksum comparison by utilizing speech transcription. CCCP simply requires the user to announce the checksum to the other party--the system automatically transcribes the spoken checksum and performs the comparison. Automating checksum comparisons offers many key advantages over traditional designs: (1) the chances of data MITM due to human errors and "click-through" could be highly reduced (even eliminated); (2) longer checksums can be utilized, which increases the protocol security against data MITM; (3) users' cognitive burden is reduced due to the need to perform only a single task, thereby lowering the potential of human errors. As a main component of CCCP, we first design and implement an automated checksum comparison tool based on standard Speech to Text engines. To evaluate the security and usability benefits of CCCP, we then design and conduct an online user study that mimics a realistic VoIP scenario, and collect and transcribe a comprehensive data set spoken by a wide variety of speakers in real-life conditions. Our study results demonstrate that, by using our automated checksum comparison, CCCP can completely resist data MITM, while significantly reducing human errors in the benign case compared to the traditional approach. They also show that CCCP may help reduce the likelihood of voice MITM. Finally, we discuss how CCCP can be improved by designing specialized transcribers and carefully selected checksum dictionaries, and how it can be integrated with existing Crypto Phones to bolster their security and usability.
Photoacoustic tomography: ultrasonically beating optical diffusion for deep imaging (Conference Presentation)

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), combining optical and ultrasonic waves via the photoacoustic effect, provides in vivo functional, metabolic, molecular, and histologic imaging. PAT has the unique strength of high-resolution imaging across the length scales of organelles, cells, tissues, and organs with consistent contrast. PAT has the potential to empower multiscale biology research and accelerate translation from microscopic laboratory discoveries to macroscopic clinical practice. PAT may also hold the key to the earliest detection of cancer by in vivo label-free quantification of hypermetabolism, the quintessential hallmark of cancer. Broad applications include imaging of the breast, brain, skin, esophagus, colon, vascular system, and lymphatic system in both humans and animals.
Design, solid-phase synthesis and evaluation of enterobactin analogs for iron delivery into the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

The human enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni, like many bacteria, employs siderophores such as enterobactin for cellular uptake of ferric iron. This transport process has been shown to be essential for virulence and presents an attractive opportunity for further study of the permissiveness of this pathway to small-molecule intervention and as inspiration for the development of synthetic carriers that may effectively transport cargo into Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, we have developed a facile and robust microscale assay to measure growth recovery of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 in liquid culture as a result of ferric iron uptake. In parallel, we have established the solid-phase synthesis of catecholamide compounds modeled on enterobactin fragments. Applying these methodological developments, we show that small synthetic iron chelators of minimal dimensions provide ferric iron to C. jejuni with equal or greater efficiency than enterobactin.
Nicole Dubilier: A Force of Nature

Nicole Dubilier is a marine biologist whose work with microbes and marine invertebrates explores symbiosis and the ecology of chemosynthetic environments. She is the head of the Department of Symbioses at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology and a professor at the University of Bremen. This chapter covers Dr. Dubilier’s life and career, from ballet to marine biology and everything in between, as well as personal reflections from the author, Elizabeth Wilbanks.
Rapid Cycling Bipolar Manic Depressive Illness

The recurrent nature of depressed, manic, and mixed states in patients with bipolar manic depressive illness has long been recognized, and in many patients these recurrences have a rather predictable, cyclic basis. Patients whose cycles are extremely frequent represent a rare subtype, and patients with 24 or 48 hour cycles have been reported. Recent data suggest that maintenance with chronic lithium, perhaps in combination with low doses of antipsychotics and minimal use of tricyclics, may constitute a reasonable approach to treatment.
Plasmids and Conjugation Systems Other Than F

Not all plasmids are conjugative, and even those that are do not necessarily have chromosome-mobilizing ability (i.e., the ability to promote transfer of chromosomal markers to a recipient cell). Nevertheless, these plasmids can have major economic and genetic importance. The diversity of plasmids that have been identified is staggering, and they are ubiquitous. In one study, 34 of 87 hospital isolates of enteric bacteria or Pseudomonas carried at least one plasmid. Bacillus megaterium routinely has eight or more plasmids in its cytoplasm. All of these plasmids have only two things in common. They can be identified in cell lysates as autonomous DNA molecules, and they are capable of self-replication. If the presence or absence of a plasmid has no observable effect on the cell phenotype, it is a cryptic plasmid. Researchers often subdivide plasmids according to their capacity for self-transfer from one host cell to another using the F plasmid as the standard for comparison.
Enzymatic Removal of Hazardous Pollutants from Industrial Aqueous Effluents

This work deals with two different approaches to enzymatic waste water purification: a) peroxidase assisted removal of toxic phenols, aromatic amines, and some other organics from waste waters, and b) immobilized hydrogenase-catalyzed detritiation of water.
A phase II study of pembrolizumab in EGFR-mutant, PD-L1+, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) naïve patients with advanced NSCLC.

9014Background: Despite the significant antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), clinical benefit has been less frequently observed in patients whose tumors harbor...
Extending Expectancy Violations Theory to Multiplayer Online Games: The Structure and Effects of Expectations on Attitude Toward the Advertising, Attitude Toward the Brand, and Purchase Intent

This study identified the underlying structure and the dimensional properties of multiplayer online game (MOG) expectations by adopting expectancy violations theory (EVT) and examined its effects o...
Sociomedical problems of overwork-related deaths and disorders in Japan

Objectives Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) and mental disorders, including suicide, are prevalent among overworked individuals in Japan. The 2014 legislation regarding the prevention of overwork-related deaths and disorders has accelerated the research in this field and ultimately the implementation of preventive actions. Methods To understand the current problematic situations, the Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, conducted analyses of compensated claims for overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders that were recognized from January 2010 to March 2015. Results The majority of CCVD cases were the men in their 50s. Transport and postal activities was the highest risk industry. Cerebrovascular cases were higher than cardiovascular ones. Long working hours was the principal factor for CCVDs. The mental disorder cases comprised approximately 70% men and affected younger age groups (peak in the third decade) with various industries at risk. In men, there was an almost equal number of F3 (Mood [affective] disorders) and F4 (Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders) diagnoses according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. A larger number of women were diagnosed to have F4. The mental disorder cases were associated not only with long working hours, but also with injuries and disasters as well as interpersonal conflict at work. Conclusions Multiple, simultaneous actions need to be made by employees, employers, researchers, and the authorities to achieve the goal of reducing the number of workers suffering from the overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders.
Optimization of sub-ambient separation systems with embedded cubic equation of state thermodynamic models and complementarity constraints

Abstract A previously developed equation-based flowsheet optimization framework is extended and applied to design sub-ambient separation systems for oxy-fired coal power systems with carbon capture. Unlike most commercial flowsheet design and optimization tools, the proposed methods use exact derivatives and large-scale nonlinear programming algorithms to solve large flowsheet design problems with many degrees of freedom, including the simultaneous design of air separation units (ASUs) and their accompanying multistream heat exchangers. Emphasis is placed on additional model improvements regarding thermodynamic calculations. In order to maintain differentiability, complementarity constraints are used to model switches, including vanishing and reappearing phases. Nevertheless, these complementarity constraints may construct trivial phase equilibrium solutions, and a procedure based on embedded bubble and dew points calculations is proposed to avoid them. Furthermore, additional complementarity constraints for the cubic equation of state model are proposed to ensure correct phase identification in the supercritical region. Finally, the efficacy of these new models are demonstrated by optimization of the CO2 processing unit and compression train for an oxy-fired power plant.
Introduction of the Game- Based Learning Platform, Kahoot, as a Tool in Radiology Resident Training

While passive lecture-based learning practices remain popular among medical educators, their retention rates are generally poor. Current movements in medical education encourage alternative teaching methods designed to maximize knowledge retention, reduce lapses in attention and uncover the learner’s intrinsic motivations. Kahoot is a web-based program where the user can easily construct games, nicknames “kahoots” free of charge. By harnessing the benefits of the “fun theory” and “gamification”, Kahoot can serve as a useful tool for radiology resident training. In this manuscript we describe how to use the game-based learning platform, Kahoot, in radiology trainee education. This manuscript illustrates how to design interactive question sets and demonstrates the advantages of Kahoot over traditional approaches to teaching. Keywords: RESIDENT, TRAINING, EDUCATION, GAMIFICATION
An Analyst Has a Birthday - Can Forgiveness Heal?

Forgiveness is a challenging endeavor in human experience and in clinical work. Is it an important and/or legitimate analytic concept? Long the province of theologians and philosophers, forgiveness...