cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GLIS3 Transcriptionally Activates WNT Genes to Promote Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Posterior Neural Progenitors

Anterior-posterior (A-P) specification of the neural tube involves initial acquisition of anterior fate followed by the induction of posterior characteristics in the primitive anterior neuroectoderm. Several morphogens have been implicated in the regulation of A-P neural patterning; however, our understanding of the upstream regulators of these morphogens remains incomplete. Here, we show that the Kruppel-like zinc finger transcription factor GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) can direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into posterior neural progenitor cells in lieu of the default anterior pathway. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that this switch in cell fate is due to rapid activation of Wingless/Integrated (WNT) signaling pathway. Mechanistically, through genome-wide RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and functional analyses, we show that GLIS3 binds to and directly regulates the transcription of several WNT genes, including the strong posteriorizing factor WNT3A, and that inhibition of WNT signaling is sufficient to abrogate GLIS3-induced posterior specification. Our findings suggest a potential role for GLIS3 in the regulation of A-P specification through direct transcriptional activation of WNT genes. Stem Cells 2018 Stem Cells 2019;37:202-215.
Development of Proxy Model for Hydraulic Fracturing and Seismic Wave Propagation Processes

Characterization of discrete fracture networks is necessary for unconventional reservoir development, as they control the flow of fluids toward the hydraulically fractured well. Interpretation of microseismic data provides information about the discrete fracture network in the vicinity of a well. While microseismic interpretation is currently based on plotting the swarm of microseismic events, the inference of fracture-related information from such data is likely to be non-unique. To address this non-uniqueness, the presented workflow involves applying a forward model that produces a synthetic seismogram corresponding to a suite of natural fractured reservoir models. The characteristics of the generated seismograms can be compared with the observed seismogram to determine the suite of fracture models that best reflect the observed seismic signature. The available full physics models are computationally expensive and cannot be applied within this framework. Hence, a proxy model is developed that is computationally inexpensive so that it can be applied on a large ensemble of models within the Bayesian model selection framework described above. Seismic wave propagation during a fracturing job involves many intermediate processes such as diffraction and reflection. As analytical solutions for most of these processes exist, a coupled analytical model is proposed. Firstly, a hydraulic fracture propagation model is coupled with a model for the interaction between a hydraulic fracture and a natural fracture. This interaction results in slip events along natural fractures that in turn can trigger a seismic event. With knowledge of the location of the slip event, a Green’s function solution is applied to model the propagation of the seismic wave. Using the results from the slip event and Green’s function, a synthetic seismogram is generated. Finally, the seismic signature from multiple slip events along several natural fractures is combined. Validation of individual elements of the coupled proxy model to experiments is shown. A comparison of the developed proxy model with more computationally expensive models is also performed.
Experimentally Observed Cherenkov Light Generation in the Eye During Radiation Therapy

Purpose Patients have reported sensations of seeing light flashes during radiation therapy, even with their eyes closed. These observations have been attributed to either direct excitation of retinal pigments or generation of Cherenkov light inside the eye. Both in vivo human and ex vivo animal eye imaging was used to confirm light intensity and spectra to determine its origin and overall observability. Methods and Materials A time-gated and intensified camera was used to capture light exiting the eye of a patient undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery in real time, thereby verifying the detectability of light through the pupil. These data were compared with follow-up mechanistic imaging of ex vivo animal eyes with thin radiation beams to evaluate emission spectra and signal intensity variation with anatomic depth. Angular dependency of light emission from the eye was also measured. Results Patient imaging showed that light generation in the eye during radiation therapy can be captured with a signal-to-noise ratio of 68. Irradiation of ex vivo eye samples confirmed that the spectrum matched that of Cherenkov emission and that signal intensity was largely homogeneous throughout the entire eye, from the cornea to the retina, with a slight maximum near 10 mm depth. Observation of the signal external to the eye was possible through the pupil from 0° to 90°, with a detected emission near 2500 photons per millisecond (during peak emission of the ON cycle of the pulsed delivery), which is over 2 orders of magnitude higher than the visible detection threshold. Conclusions By quantifying the spectra and magnitude of the signal, we now have direct experimental observations that Cherenkov light is generated in the eye during radiation therapy and can contribute to perceived light flashes. Furthermore, this technique can be used to further study and measure phosphenes in the radiation therapy clinic.
A review of wine fermentation process modeling

Abstract In this work, we review attempts to quantify and model the wine fermentation process. The first part of this review examines yeast fermentation kinetics, from early models of microbial growth to modern genome scale metabolic models. The second part of this review covers physical models of wine fermentors: heat transfer in fermentors, natural convective mixing during fermentation, studies of temperature and concentration gradients in heterogeneous red wine fermentations, and the application of spatial reactor engineering models to wine fermentors, allowing for investigation of the impact of spatial heterogeneity on fermentation dynamics. The third part examines the complex process of phenolic extraction during red winemaking fermentation, which in turn depends on fermentation conditions, such as temperature and ethanol concentration. Finally, we examine some recent work that combines spatial reactor engineering models of wine fermentation dynamics with temperature and ethanol sensitive extraction models, allowing for a new and robust tool in wine fermentation process modeling.
Pharmacological Mitigation of Fibrosis in a Porcine Model of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) resulting from extremity trauma presents functional deficits and fibrosis, ultimately manifesting disability. The extensive fibrotic accumulation is expected to interfe...
REVIEW ESSAY: Who Belongs?: Race, Resources, and Tribal Citizenship in the Native South (2016) and Native Southerners: Indigenous History from Origins to Removal (2019)

This review essay examines the books Who Belongs?: Race, Resources, and Tribal Citizenship in the Native South (2016) by Mikaela M. Adams and Native Southerner­s: Indigenous History from Origins to Removal (2019) by Gregory D. Smithers, considering their scholarly usefulness and contextualzing them within the larger field of Indigenous southeastern studies.
Stuck on Communism: Memoir of a Russian Historian

Few Americans had the courage to declare themselves communists in the postwar period and fewer yet joined the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA). Radicals, of course, did not d...
Keeping Kosher in the Camp: Feeding Interned British Jews during the First World War

During the First World War, Jews interned in Germany struggled to keep kosher. The British government initially funded a kosher food programme for its own interned nationals, but it removed all gov...
Estimation of successful capping with complete aspiration of bladder via nephroureterostomy tube

Estimation of successful capping with complete aspiration of bladder via nephroureterostomy tube
Cross-contamination is a risk associated with short-term insect specimen storage

Molecular analyses of DNA samples necessitate careful attention to experimental protocols to prevent contamination of samples during the specimen collection and DNA extraction, amplification, and visualisation stages. When these studies involve insects that are collected in the field, standard procedures require samples to be individually sorted and stored in single tubes to prevent cross-contamination of DNA between specimens. This additional step can be time consuming and impractical when the survey population is large. The focus of our study was to experimentally determine if this assumed contamination risk is valid and if it varies with storage conditions. To test this, we co-stored a single intact fruit fly (Drosophilia melanogaster) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) known to be infected with the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia (Anaplasmataceae) with uninfected flies in tubes for three-hour, 24-hour, and one-week durations. For each treatment time, replicates of five tubes contained one infected fly and either one or five uninfected flies (1:1 and 1:5 ratios). Overall, eight of 30 tubes had contamination regardless of storage duration, and storing samples in crowded (1:5 ratio) conditions significantly increased the risk of Wolbachia DNA transference. Our results suggest that researchers should make efforts to sample and store specimens individually if cross-contamination is a concern in molecular analyses.
TEALS's Plans for Addressing Social Justice in Computer Science Education: Creating Inclusive CS Communities

The number of high schools offering computer science (CS) courses continues to increase. Unfortunately, we are still finding disparity of access and participation of Black and African American students. CS education should be inclusive to everyone to ensure all high school learners are equipped for the future. The Microsoft Philanthropies TEALS (Technology Education and Literacy in Schools) Program aims to improve this social injustice by bringing CS education to 620 schools serving primarily Black and African American students over the next 5 years. TEALS helps to build sustainable CS courses by pairing industry professionals with classroom teachers. Our efforts are to ensure the schools we support are representative of the demographics in their region and the enrollment in the CS classes are representative of the demographics in the school. We are doing this with local partners to listen, learn, build stronger CS communities, and increase impact. We will discuss our approach to improve CS access, recruitment, retention, and our goal to generate a diverse pipeline of students for the future workforce.
A multifaceted quality improvement intervention to improve management of alcohol withdrawal on a general medicine ward: impact on benzodiazepine use.

To measure the effects of a quality improvement intervention on length of stay and benzodiazepine use among patients admitted for alcohol use disorder.This retrospective cohort study was performed ...
The crystal structure of LiSc2SbO6

Abstract The crystal structures of LiM2SbO6 (M ​= ​Sc, Fe, Mn, In) were originally described as ordered, Pnn2 variants of the Pnna LiSbO3 structure. Recently, however, a single crystal study on the M ​= ​In analogue revealed that its structure is better described as rutile-related with alternating-width chains and Pnnm symmetry. Here, the structure of LiSc2SbO6 (M ​= ​Sc) is similarly revisited with single crystal X-ray diffraction which indicates that it is an Li-ordered variant of the LiIn2SbO6 (M ​= ​In) structure with polar Pmn21 symmetry and a Flack parameter value of 0.5. Solid-state NMR confirms that Li is tetrahedrally coordinated, a key difference between the ordered LiSbO3 and rutile-related models structures. Differential thermal analysis reveals a second-order phase transition between 460 and 480 ​K. With this context, the implications of the low-temperature Flack parameter and powder diffraction data are discussed.
Imaging the short-lived hydroxyl-hydronium pair in ionized liquid water.

The radiolysis of water is ubiquitous in nature and plays a critical role in numerous biochemical and technological applications. Although the elementary reaction pathways for ionized water have be...
Deposition efficiency from aerial application of postemergence herbicides

This study was designed to determine the effect of application parameters on spray deposition from aerial application of a mixture of tridiphane, atrazine, and crop oil concentrate. Variables evaluated included nozzle orientation (0 and 90 deg), spray application rate (18.7 and 46.8 L/ha), and airspeed (144 and 208 km/h). Spray deposit was measured from mylar plates, polyethylene soda straws, water-sensitive cards, water-sensitive straws, and yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca) plants. Biological response (% control of yellow foxtail) from each application was rated at 1 and 2 weeks following application. The collectors were placed between the center lines of two adjacent spray swaths flown directly into the wind. Two sample lines, 15-m apart, were placed perpendicular to the direction of flight. The first line consisted of 17 mylar plates, 5 flats of plants, 5 straw stands (each containing 10 soda straws and one water-sensitive straw) and 5 water-sensitive cards. The second line consisted of 17 mylar plates and 5 flats of plants. The collectors were gathered at the end of each treatment and transported to the laboratory for processing and analysis. Treatments were replicated three times. Wind speed and direction, temperature, and relative humidity were recorded during each test. Data from the mylar plates indicated that percent deposit of fluorescent dye at 46.8 L/ha spray mixture application rate was significantly higher than for the 18.7 L/ha rate. The percent deposit for the 144 km/h airspeed and the 46.8 L/ha application rate was higher than for the 208 km/h airspeed and the 18.7 L/ha application rate. There was no difference in deposit due to nozzle orientation. Deposits on the plant leaves indicated differences due to application rate, airspeed, and nozzle orientation. The highest deposit on plant leaves was obtained with the 46.8 L/ha application rate, 90 deg nozzle orientation and 208 km/h airspeed. The correlation coefficient for deposits on plants and straw collectors was 0.58. For deposits on plants and mylar plates the correlation coefficient was 0.54.
Chapter 83 – Eggs

Publisher Summary Typical insect eggs contain nutrients to support embryogenesis and produce newly emerged first instars. Most eggs contain large amounts of lipid, for use as building material and energy, and yolk proteins, for the amino acids needed to build a larval insect body. Eggs also contain a cytoplasmic starter kit for development that includes cellular machinery such as ribosomes. In species with symbiotic bacteria or protists, eggs are inoculated with a small population of the mutualistic microbes. Insects typically have internal fertilization, and fertilized eggs contain one set of chromosomes from each parent. Eggs are laid in protected places in environments where young are likely to find food. For example, many butterflies lay their eggs on larval food plants, mosquitoes lay their eggs in water in which larval food grows, and parasitoids lay eggs in, on, or near a host insect. Because a thin shell usually covers mature eggs, there must be a way for sperm to penetrate the shell before it is laid and a way to accommodate water balance and respiratory needs afterward. Sperms enter through an opening called the micropyle. Water and air can pass through specialized regions of the eggshell and embryonic membranes. Finally, some insect groups, remarkably, produce offspring without sperm, egg nutrients, or both.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis at 7T

Background:The clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is mainly attributable to cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord dysfunction. High-resolution, 7T anatomical imaging of the cervical spinal cord is presented. Image contrast between gray/white matter and lesions surpasses conventional, clinical T1- and T2-weighted sequences at lower field strengths.Objective:To study the spinal cord of healthy controls and patients with MS using magnetic resonance imaging at 7T.Methods:Axial (C2–C5) T1- and T2*-weighted and sagittal T2*-/spin-density-weighted images were acquired at 7T in 13 healthy volunteers (age 22–40 years), and 15 clinically diagnosed MS patients (age 19–53 years, Extended Disability Status Scale, (EDSS) 0–3) in addition to clinical 3T scans. In healthy volunteers, a high-resolution multi-echo gradient echo scan was obtained over the same geometry at 3T. Evaluation included signal and contrast to noise ratios and lesion counts for healthy and patient volunteers, respectively.Results/conclusio...
ROENTGENOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF TEMPORAL BONES FROM SOUTH DAKOTA INDIAN BURIALS.

To complement a previous study relating to ear disease in temporal bones from South Dakota Indian burials, radiographs were made looking for altered mastoid development suggesting the presence of infections during the period of their growth. Infection has been implicated as a causative, accentuating, or precipitating factor in the disease otosclerosis. Theories relating to the development of the mastoids are discussed and a pertinent bibliography is presented. In total 417 temporal bones were examined. Of these 251 representing 130 individuals were from Arikara burials, and 166 representing 91 individuals, were from Middle Plains Woodland people, Sioux Historic, and other miscellaneous burials. One hundred eleven Arikara temporal bones (44%) showed evidence of altered pneumatization (diploic-10, sclerotic-13, mixed-88), while 86 other culture temporal bones (51.8%) demonstrated similar changes (diploic-4, sclerotic-13, mixed-69). Unilateral and bilateral variable air cell patterns were found. There was no age, sex, or ear lateralization of air cell patterns. No evidence of the effect of cholesteatoma, cancer, surgery, or other bone disease was found. These findings suggest that the people represented by these skulls must have had a significant amount of infectious middle ear disease during the period of the development of their mastoids.
Solving time-dependent planning problems

We are interested in constructing solutions to time-dependent planning problems: problems in which time spent planning affects the utility of the system''s performance. In a previous paper, we define a fraomework for constructing solutions to time-dependent planning problems called expectation-driven iterative refinement. In this paper, we analyze and solve a moderately complex time-dependent planning problem involving path planning for a mobile robot, as a way of exploring a methodology for applying expectation-driven iterative refinement.
A trial of a real-time alert for clinical deterioration in patients hospitalized on general medical wards.

BACKGROUND With limited numbers of intensive care unit (ICU) beds available, increasing patient acuity is expected to contribute to episodes of inpatient deterioration on general wards. OBJECTIVE To prospectively validate a predictive algorithm for clinical deterioration in general–medical ward patients, and to conduct a trial of real-time alerts based on this algorithm. DESIGN Randomized, controlled crossover study. SETTING/PATIENTS Academic center with patients hospitalized on 8 general wards between July 2007 and December 2011. INTERVENTIONS Real-time alerts were generated by an algorithm designed to predict the need for ICU transfer using electronically available data. The alerts were sent by text page to the nurse manager on intervention wards. MEASUREMENTS Intensive care unit transfer, hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay. RESULTS Patients meeting the alert threshold were at nearly 5.3-fold greater risk of ICU transfer (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6-6.0) than those not satisfying the alert threshold (358 of 2353 [15.2%] vs 512 of 17678 [2.9%]). Patients with alerts were at 8.9-fold greater risk of death (95% CI: 7.4-10.7) than those without alerts (244 of 2353 [10.4%] vs 206 of 17678 [1.2%]). Among patients identified by the early warning system, there were no differences in the proportion of patients who were transferred to the ICU or who died in the intervention group as compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Real-time alerts were highly specific for clinical deterioration resulting in ICU transfer and death, and were associated with longer hospital length of stay. However, an intervention notifying a nurse of the risk did not result in improvement in these outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:236–242. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Design and Tuning of Distributed Importance-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for Two-Link Rigid-Flexible Manipulator

Fuzzy logic control has been widely used in many industrial processes due to its computationally efficient and robust characteristics. In many applications, verbalization of expert-knowledge can be easily used to design a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). On the other hand, other applications with many variables and complex mathematical model offer challenges to fuzzy logic control. Multi-link flexible manipulators belong to this category. An earlier work, [1], presented a distributed importance-based FLC for a single-link flexible manipulator. This paper extends this idea to a two-link rigid-flexible manipulator that moves in a vertical plane where the gravity field is active. The structure of the proposed controller is based on evaluating the importance degrees of the variables of the system, over its range of operation, to consider the coupling effects between the rigid and the flexible links. Variables with higher importance degrees are grouped together while variables with lesser importance degrees may be deleted to simplify the design of the controller. After determining the importance degrees of the variables, a distributed controller composed of four two-input one-output FLC’s is created. Unlike the single-link flexible manipulator, the fuzzy rules of the distributed FLC for the two-link rigid-flexible manipulator cannot be written by an expert based on intuition and observation of the inertial system due to the complexity of the manipulator and the coupling effect of its variables. To solve this problem, an importance-based linear controller that has the same input-output structure as that of distributed importance-based FLC is constructed to help write the fuzzy rules of the distributed FLC. Fuzzy rules of the distributed FLC are then selected to mimic the performance of the corresponding linear controllers. To compare the performance of the distributed importance-based FLC with that of importance-based linear controller, these two controllers are tuned using nonlinear programming by varying the gains of the importance-based linear controller and the parameters of membership functions of the variables in the distributed importance-based FLC. Robustness of each of the controllers after tuning is tested by varying the payload of the manipulator. The two importance-based controllers are simulated and compared.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Possible resolution of the angular momentum paradox: Fractional charge, twist, and topology in 3He-A.

We attempt to resolve the angular momentum paradox in THe-A by connecting it to the phenomenon of charge fractionalization and by writing the current as a weighted Fermi-surface sum of fractional charges. We also give a novel interpretation of the twist term in terms of topology on the Fermi surface.
Metamorphic break across postmetamorphic thrust faults: An unreliable indicator of structural throw

The recent proliferation of quantitative geobarometers for common metamorphic rocks has produced a potentially powerful tectonic tool for metamorphic terranes. The geobarometric break across postmetamorphic faults could be useful for determining the structural throw of the fault. However, the metamorphic break will correspond to the structural throw on the fault only if the metamorphic conditions preserved in rocks near the fault are the P-T conditions of the rocks just prior to fault movement. In general, one-dimensional thermal models for tectonically thickened orogens do not produce metamorphic breaks across thrust faults, suggesting that anomalous conditions might be required to preserve postmetamorphic thrust faults (PMTF). This study examined three classes of one-dimensional numerical thermal models in order to simulate the evolution of a PMTF. Class I models try to preserve the PMTF by rapid uplift following thrusting. Class II models allow for cooling and uplift between the metamorphic peak and thrusting. Class III models consider the effect of the underthrusting of a cool sheet beneath the thrust of interest. The relation between the geobarometric break across the fault and its structural throw is examined. All three classes of models manage to produce and preserve metamorphic inversions, given the proper starting conditions. However, in all class I and class III models, as well as most class II models, rocks below the thrust heat and reach their metamorphic peak subsequent to thrusting. This implies that the metamorphic conditions preserved across a PMTF do not represent the P-T conditions at the time of thrusting. The models investigated here all produced barometric breaks less than or equal to the throw of the fault. This suggests that the geobarometric break could place a lower limit on fault throw. However, the class II models demonstrated the importance of upper plate cooling and uplift to the preservation of a metamorphic inversion. Preferential uplift and cooling of the warmer upper plate rocks prior to thrusting could produce a barometric break that exceeds the fault throw. The geobarometric break across a PMTF may be either greater or less than that which would correspond to the structural throw of the fault and is therefore likely to be a rather unreliable indicator of its structural throw.
Vibrations of twisted cantilevered plates—Summary of previous and current studies

This work summarizes a comprehensive study made of the free vibrations of twisted, cantilevered plates of rectangular planform. Numerous theoretical and experimental investigations previously made by others have resulted in frequency results which disagree considerably. To clarify the problem a joint industry/government/university research effort was initiated to obtain comprehensive theoretical and experimental results for models having useful ranges of aspect ratios, thickness ratios and twist angles. Theoretical data came from 19 independent computer analyses, including finite element, shell theory and beam theory idealizations. Two independent sets of experimental data were also obtained. The theoretical and experimental results are summarized and compared.
2004 Illinois U.S. Senate Debates Keyes Versus Obama

This study content analyzed the 2004 Illinois U.S. Senate debates between Alan Keyes and Barak Obama. As is the case in presidential debates, acclaims (positive statements) were more common than attacks, which in turn were employed more frequently than defenses. Also consistent with presidential debates, these candidates discussed policy more than character. Both general goals and ideals were employed more often to acclaim than to attack. When they discussed policy, the candidates discussed past deeds and general goals more frequently than future plans. Keyes’s and Obama’s character comments discussed personal qualities more than leadership ability or ideals.
Allergic Periorbital Mucopyocele in Children

Two patients, an 11-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl, with firm nontender progressive swelling in the medial canthal region also had histories of asthma and peripheral eosinophilia. Radiologic studies disclosed ethmoidal sinus ectasia and opacification. At surgery, a firm mass that filled the sinus was found in each case. Histologically, these masses consisted of inspissated mucus and a dense infiltrate in eosinophils. Surgical drainage resulted in a cure of one case and improvement in the other. Because of the marked allergic diathesis in both patients and the specific or unique character of the sinus contents, we propose the term allergic periorbital mucopyocele for this disorder.
The structure of the coastal density front at the outflow of Long Island Sound during spring 2002

Abstract South of the eastern end of Long Island (Montauk Point) along the Eastern U.S. coast, a coastal density front forms between the buoyant outflow plume of the Long Island Sound (LIS) and the denser shelf waters offshore. During a 2-day cruise in April 2002, measurements of the density and velocity structure of this front were obtained from high-resolution CTD and ADCP data. Transects show the front intersecting the bottom inshore of the 30 m isobath and shoaling offshore. Variability in the location of the front is small offshore of the 40 m isobath, yet tidal excursions of the front along the bottom are significant (5 km) inshore of this depth. The frontal structure of the LIS plume was similar to observations of bottom-trapped coastal density fronts and shelf break fronts. A coastal jet in the along front direction was the main feature of the mean velocity field and was found to be in thermal wind balance with the mean density field. Stronger than expected offshore velocities near the surface, most likely a result of wind forcing, were the only exception to these similarities. In addition, analysis of temperature and salinity gradients along isopycnals gives evidence of secondary cross-frontal circulation and detachment of the bottom boundary layer. Characteristics of the LIS plume are used to evaluate recent analytical models of bottom-trapped coastal density fronts and bottom-advected plume theory, finding good agreement.
Purification of a high-mobility-group 1 sea-urchin protein and cloning of cDNAs

Abstract The isolation of the sea urchin high-mobility-group 1 (HMG1) protein, the cloning of corresponding cDNA clones and the similarity to the human homologue are described. Sea urchin HMG1 was purified as one of the nuclear embryonic proteins which associate with an upstream regulatory element (El) of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp) CyIIIb actin-encoding gene. Using a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) which includes the E1 cis-acting element in a DNA affinity chromatography purification, the most prominent of the binding proteins was isolated and the N terminus sequenced. cDNA clones were isolated by screening an embryonic cDNA library with a synthetic oligo derived from the amino acid (aa) sequence. Comparison of the cDNAs ORF to known proteins revealed a 50% aa identity to the mammalian HMG1 and all the structural characteristics of this group of proteins. The sea urchin protein, SpHMG1, was synthesized in bacteria, as well as translated in vitro. Binding assays carried out with the recombinant SpHMG1 protein did not produce specific in vitro complexes with E1.
On the possibility of a privileged class of logical terms

Refutation de l'argument de J. Etchemedy selon lequel il existe des langages tres simples du premier ordre qui n'admettent pas la distinction entre termes logiques et termes non-logiques essentielle a la theorie semantique des proprietes logiques developpee par Tarski. L'argument d'Etchemedy ne met pas en danger la definition des verites analytiques comme une sous-classe des verites logiques
Microcomputer interfacing of a real-time clock for data acquisition and control applications

Abstract This article describes the interfacing of National Semiconductor's MM58167 real-time clock/calendar to a 6502 microprocessor-based SYM-1 microcomputer. The functions of the clock, details for interfacing to a microcomputer, programming required, and use of its special features are described. A real-time clock/calendar is an essential part of many microcomputer data acquisition and control systems. It provides a 24-hour clock and an accurate interval timer for data acquisition and control functions. The main advantage of a real-time clock is that it keeps track of true time independent of software execution speeds. The MM58167 clock is a CMOS integrated circuit in a 24-pin, dual-in-line package. It is designed for direct connection to the address and data buses of most common microcomputers. This application involved interfacing the clock with a SYM-1 6502-based microcomputer. The clock has eight counters and corresponding latches that contain months through thousands of seconds. The latches can be used for alarm-type functions. Low power battery backup is available through a special ‘power down’ mode. The clock has two interrupt outputs that can be used for control functions.
SUMO weighs in on polycomb-dependent gene repression.

In this issue of Molecular Cell , Kang et al. (2010) report that their studies to characterize the biological activity of a SUMO-specific protease, SENP2, have revealed an important role for reversible SUMO modification in regulating promoter occupancy and gene-specific repression by polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1).
Placentophagia in Humans and Nonhuman Mammals: Causes and Consequences

Afterbirth ingestion by nonhuman mammalian mothers has a number of benefits: (1) increasing the interaction between the mother and infant; (2) potentiating pregnancy-mediated analgesia in the delivering mother; (3) potentiating maternal brain opioid circuits that facilitate the onset of caretaking behavior; and (4) suppressing postpartum pseudopregnancy. Childbirth is fraught with additional problems for which there are no practical nonhuman animal models: postpartum depression, failure to bond, hostility toward infants. Ingested afterbirth may contain components that ameliorate these problems, but the issue has not been tested empirically. The results of such studies, if positive, will be medically relevant. If negative, speculations and recommendations will persist, as it is not possible to prove the negative. A more challenging anthropological question is "why don't humans engage in placentophagia as a biological imperative?" Is it possible that there is more adaptive advantage in not doing so?
The Randomized Play-the-Winner Rule in Medical Trials

Abstract In a sequential medical trial, a simple randomized treatment assignment rule is proposed and analyzed. On the average this rule assigns more patients to the better treatment, and it is applicable to the case where patients have delayed responses to treatments. This new assignment rule is studied for both a fixed sample size and an inverse stopping rule.
Enhancing research into usable privacy and security

Researchers in technical communication and information design have important contributions to make to the field of usable privacy and security, also called user-centered security or trust user experience (TUX). I give some background on the usable privacy and security research field and literature, and suggest three example problems that may yield interesting results to SIGDOC researchers.
The effects of injection of water or hypertonic saline on ornithine decarboxylase activity of neonatal rat heart and brain

Abstract Intraperitoneal injection of deionized water (0.25ml/10 g body wt) produced a large increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in cerebral cortex and heart of 6 day old rats, but had no effect on those activities in the 20 day old rat. Injection of the same dose of hypertonic (1.8%) saline caused a marked decline in the activity of this enzyme in both cerebral cortex and heart of the 6 day old rat and in the heart of 20 day old rats. In neonatal rats, the increase in heart ornithine decarboxylase elicited by the injection of water and the decline in activity which follows the injection of hypertonic saline were both evident within 30 minutes after injection; both effects were maximal two hours post-injection and both persisted for longer than four hours after injection. A decline in enzyme activity observed after injection of hypertonic saline was also found following the injection of hypertonic glucose, suggesting that osmotic effects, rather than specific ion effects, were mediating the loss of activity. The K M of ornithine decarboxylase in neonatal heart decreased following hypertonic saline injection, whereas that of cerebral cortex did not, supporting previous suggestions that the ornithine decarboxylase in heart may have unique regulatory controls.
Attitudes of Rapists and Other Violent Offenders toward Women

Abstract Clinical literature has had speculations concerning the attitudes of rapists toward women, but only a few studies have tested attitudinal hypotheses with psychometric instruments. The present investigation used the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) to study and compare the attitudes of 20 incarcerated rapists, 20 nonsex-related violent offenders, and 20 matched subjects in a contemporary control group. The results confirmed the general hypothesis that the rapist group would show different and more conservative attitudes toward women, especially in areas relating to sexual behavior. More specific analysis of subscale differences was used to further compare the groups on precise attitudinal variables. The findings were discussed in terms of the possible relationship between rape behavior and stereotypic conservative attitudes toward women.
More for less: a novel hybrid method to maximize the impact of research

Over the past year, Adobeis User Research Team undertook a large research initiative exploring a new business domain within the realm of our professional software products. We approached this domain by exploring and documenting user workflows spanning across numerous people, applications, and business verticals.Due to impracticalities of using standard methods, compounded by resource limitations imposed by the tightening economy, we developed a novel, multi-stage hybrid method to maximize our efforts. We found this method to be highly successful in many situations, including cross-product planning of features and designs, gaining consensus in product teams, assessing product interoperability issues, and documenting knowledge distributed across the company.This hybrid approach allowed us to collect a large volume of cross-product data rather than focusing directly on one design within a particular application. The data is currently providing a background upon which the User Interface Team is designing applications across several divisions within Adobe.
The Role of the Private Sector in Child Welfare: Historical Reflections and a Contemporary Snapshot Based on the National Survey of Private Child and Family Serving Agencies

The centennial of the founding of the Children's Bureau is an appropriate time to examine the involvement of private agencies in child welfare service provision. While placing the role of the private sector in a historical context, this article reviews current trends in child welfare practice at the system and organizational levels: namely, the contributions of private agencies across state child welfare systems. Summarizing results from the National Survey of Private Child and Family Serving Agencies, this article presents new information concerning U.S. private child welfare agencies' funding composition, service arrays, interorganizational relationships, and efforts to improve agency performance.
Characterization of the United States germplasm collection of zigzag clover (Trifolium medium L.)

The United States germplasm collection of zigzag clover,Trifolium medium L. was evaluated for chromosome number and latitude of collection site to determine their relationship to forage and seed yield and other agronomic characters. The objective was to locate optimum sites for future collection of high forage- and seed-yielding genotypes. Chromosome numbers ofT. medium var sarosiense were uniformly hexaploid (2n = 48) butT. medium varmedium ranged from 64 to 80, with decaploids more frequent in the collection than octoploids. No numbers intermediate between the hexaploid (2n = 8x = 48) and the octoploid (2n = 6x = 64) were found though intermediates have been reported in other studies. Chromo some numbers were only weakly related to latitudes of collection sites. Correlation data suggested that accessions with high chromosome numbers tended to be strongly leafmarked and procumbent, but chromosome numbers were not related to forage or seed yield. Also, correlation evidence in one experiment suggested that accessions from lower latitudes tended to be more vigorous and to produce more seed heads than those from higher latitudes. However, the correlation coefficients were quite low and were non-significant in another experiment. The U.S. collection should be expanded to include collections from additional southern locations in the northern hemisphere and the Crimea and Caucasus of the former USSR. All data and seeds have been entered into the USDA Agricultural Research Service’s Germplasm Information Resources Network and are available for general use.
Mitochondrial gene expression in Cucurbitaceae: conserved and variable features.

We have examined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence conservation, transcriptional patterns of mitochondrial genes, and mitochondrial translation products in four species of the plant family Cucurbitaceae, in which there is a seven-fold range in mitochondrial genome size. A set of conserved mtDNA sequences which we term “core” DNA is present in all cucurbit genomes examined. In watermelon, only those mtDNA restriction fragments which contain “core” DNA hybridize with mtRNA. Similar numbers of polypeptides are synthesized by isolated mitochondria from all species examined, but an extra set of mtDNA sequences is transcribed in the largest genome (muskmelon). Taken together, these results suggest that some mtRNA is untranslated in muskmelon. Cloned mitochondrial genes of known function, from maize, identified mitochondrial transcripts that varied in both size and number among cucurbit species.
Ion–molecule reactions in a quadrupole ion trap as a probe of the gas-phase structure of metal complexes

A method is described in which the coordination number in metal complexes can be determined using ion–molecule reactions in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Complexes of first-row transition metals in the +2 oxidation state, including manganese through zinc, are electrosprayed, isolated in the ion trap and allowed to react with gases. The coordination number is ascertained by observing the reagent ligands that successfully react with the complex. It was generally observed that six-coordinate complexes are unreactive, five-coordinate complexes react with pyridine and ethylamine, four-coordinate complexes react with pyridine, ethylamine and ammonia and threecoordinate complexes react with all the reagent ligands studied, including water and methanol. The order of reactivity for a given complex reacting with the various reagent ligands is found to follow the order of the electron-donating ability of the reagent ligands. In addition, the effect of the metal center on the reactivity of the complexes in the gas phase is analogous to solution-phase trends; electronic structure strongly influences the gas-phase reactions. These results were then used to predict the complexation behavior of novel podand ligands for which condensed phase information is not available. The results indicate that ion–molecule chemistry in the gas phase may be useful in predicting the interactions between novel multidentate ligands and metals in solution. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specimen Geometry Study for Direct Tension Test Based on Mechanical Tests and Air Void Variation in Asphalt Concrete Specimens Compacted by Superpave Gyratory Compactor

Reliable materials characterization and performance prediction testing of asphalt concrete requires specimens that can be treated as statistically homogeneous and representative of the material being tested. The objective of this study was to select a proper specimen geometry that could be used for uniaxial tensile testing. Selection was based on the variation of air void content along the height of specimens cut and cored from specimens compacted by the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) and on the representative behavior under mechanical testing. From measurement and comparison of air void contents in cut and cored specimens, it was observed for several geometries that sections at the top and bottom and those adjacent to the mold walls have a higher air void content than do those in the middle. It is thus imperative that test specimens be cut and cored from larger-size SGC specimens. Complex modulus and constant crosshead-rate monotonic tests were conducted for four geometries—75 × 115, 75 × 150, 100 × ...
The effect of aluminum in soft water at low pH on water balance and hemolymph ionic and acid-base regulation in the dragonflyLibellula julia Uhler

The physiological responses of last instarLibellula julia nymphs exposed for 96 (or 192) h to low pH (4.0 and 2.3) and elevated Al concentrations (0.3, 3, and 30 mg l−1) at low pH were investigated. To some extent, both low pH alone and Al at low pH were found to affect water balance (wet weight and hemolymph volume), ionic regulation (hemolymph osmolality and concentrations of Na+, Cl−, and K+), and acid-base balance (hemolymph pH). The extent and significance of these alterations are discussed.
U.K./U.S.A. — Contrasts in Criminology: A Personal View1

: The United States frequently anticipates social problems which later appear in the United Kingdom, and the similarities between the two democracies often conceal significant differences. This is so in the case of the procedures of the criminal justice system. The independent Supreme Court, the Constitution and Bill of Rights, and the ‘class action’ procedures are not available here. The author considers the ways in which trends in the two countries have moved and the impact of these on research, and research implementation strategies in the United Kingdom. Criminology in the U.K. is diagnosed as suffering from a ‘chill’. However, there are methods whereby light can be thrown upon almost any topic, and the criminologist in the United Kingdom must accept the challenge and be more innovative.