cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plan execution in dynamic and unanticipated environments

The construction of planning and execution systems for complex real-time operational systems should be based on an understanding of what happens at the time of plan execution, because much of the information to constrain reasoning and decisions is not available prior to execution. The author discusses the results of research on the execution of procedures of a knowledge-rich domain (operation of a nuclear power plant) in a dynamic environment, and concludes that planning+execution is a viable model where planning is better viewed as a process for producing a 'road map' and that the research needs to focus more on the role of the executor as an intelligent navigator. It is also shown that an understanding of domain-specific execution behavior can lead to strategies for dealing with the incompleteness problem. The author briefly describes salient features of the DPS (dynamic procedure selection and synthesis) approach and shows how some of the aspects of incompleteness can be addressed by exploiting both the knowledge richness of a domain and architectural features of plan execution behavior. >
A new sequential detector for short-duration signals

For quickest detection of a permanent change in distribution of otherwise i.i.d. observations Page's test provides the optimal processor. Page's test has also been applied to the detection of transient (i.e. temporary) changes in distribution: it is easy to implement and has reliable performance, but as applied to the transient problem its optimality is questionable. In this paper we offer an alternative to the Page procedure which we call the iterated generalized sequential probability ratio test, or IGSPRT. While Page's test is itself an IGSPRT, its form and performance are constrained by its reliance on constant thresholds and biases. We demonstrate that with these time-varying, markedly increased detection probabilities are possible. The IGSPRT is easiest to understand and motivate in the Gaussian shift-in-mean problem, and we discuss this in detail, but since that problem is of limited practical interest, we also examine the effect of the IGSPRT in a more realistic situation.
Obesity, insulin resistance, and microvessel density.

The growing incidence and prevalence of the overweight/obese condition across developed economies worldwide has an enormous impact on increasing the risk for the development of impaired glycemic control or insulin resistance and ultimately peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in afflicted individuals. This places an enormous economic and social burden on these societies, in terms of additional health care costs and lost productivity and through a reduction in the quality of life of the individual owing, in part, to the progressive PVD. Characterized by an inability of the vascular systems to adequately perfuse tissues and organs relative to their metabolic demand, PVD is in part a function of a structural remodeling of the microvascular networks such that the density of microvessel and capillaries within tissues is reduced below that under normal conditions, with the potential for profound negative impacts on the processes of mass transport and exchange. The review discusses the severity of the obesity “epid...
Customization of an Open-Lung Ventilation Strategy to Treat a Case of Life-Threatening Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The ARDS Network low-tidal-volume protocol is considered the standard of care for patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The protocol is built on the foundation of low-tidal-volume ventilation, use of a combined PEEP and FIO2 table, and managing alveolar end-inspiratory pressure by limiting the plateau airway pressure to ≤ 30 cm H2O. Although this strategy, to date, is the only method that significantly improves ALI/ARDS survival, alternative methods of improving hypoxemia and minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury, in conjunction with low-tidal-volume ventilation, can be used for life-threatening ARDS. We present a case in which we customized the use of alveolar recruitment maneuvers by analyzing the hysteresis of the pressure-volume curve to assess lung recruitability, decremental PEEP to sustain lung recruitment, and careful use of plateau pressure ≥ 30 cm H2O, which improved our patient's life-threatening hypoxemia within the first 36 min of arrival to our ICU.
Use of the CAPTEX Data for Evaluations of a Long-Range Transport Numerical Model with a Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation Technique

Abstract A “four-dimensional data assimilation” technique is employed in a time-dependent, three-dimensional mesoscale model to simulate long-range pollutant transport and diffusion in the eastern United States using the 1983 Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) data. CAPTEX deployed 19 rawinsonde stations to measure upper-air meteorological conditions four times daily and 86 automatic sequential air samplers to measure tracer concentrations from a point source. The total area coverage of the data network is approximately 1000 km (east-west) × 800 km (north-south). The assimilated wind fields and model-produced turbulence fields during a period of 2¼ days are used to simulate plume trajectories and surface concentrations through a random-particle statistical method. Two tracer releases in the CAPTEX are investigated: one was in a light-wind fair weather condition and produced a widely spread puff distribution; the other was associated with a surface cold front resulting in a rather narrow Puff dis...
Novel Heart Rate Anaylsis Distinguishes TLE Patients from Patients with Non-Epileptic Seizures (P07.168)

OBJECTIVE: We explored whether heart rate variability (HRV) could distinguish patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy from those with pseudoseizures. BACKGROUND: Autonomic cardiac dysfuction is reported in patients with TLE, manifesting as heart rate abnormalities. However, reports measuring HR using frequency-domain analysis (fourier transformation) have not controlled for respiratory arrhythmia and yielded conflicting results. As biological systems normally show characteristics of variability which can be mathematically quantified as non-linear entropy, we hypothesize that by measuring the entropy of cardiac rhythms, we can distinguish TLE patients from those with non-epileptic seizures. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively identified (2003-2008) two groups of patients from our epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). All patients with diagnosed cardiovascular morbidities were excluded. Our experimental group consisted of patients with confirmed right TLE through a seizure free outcome after temporal lobectomy, and our controls of patients with electroencephalographically confirmed pseudoseizures. For each patient we extract three 120s periods (awake, sleep state and proceeding seizure onset) from EMU files that recorded EEG and EKG simultaneously. We used phase portraits to describe the oscillatory nature of cardiac dynamics, and quantify the coupling between cardiac and respiratory systems. RESULTS: Five patients were included in the control pseudoseizure group (4 women; mean age 31±12years) and four patients in the right TLE group (3 women; mean age 32±15years). TLE patients had higher average entropy value (S = 4.5) than the pseudoseizure group (S = 2.5) in all three states. Calculation of the approximate entropy for each state of consciousness showed distinct peaks for each group. CONCLUSIONS: This simple noninvasive investigation of HR distinguishes epileptic from non-epileptic patients. The higher entropy values seen in TLE signify higher rates of HR fluctuations in comparison to autonomic “healthy” patients. The dynamics of coupled phase oscillators provides the framework to characterize the nonlinear behavior associated with dysautonomia in patients with TLE . Supported by: Faculty Research Development Grant from Cleveland State University. Disclosure: Dr. O9Dwyer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zuercher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Muhieddiene has nothing to disclose. Dr. Albakri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Burgess has nothing to disclose.
Microvessel formation from mouse aorta is stimulated in vitro by secreted VEGF and extracts from metanephroi.

We have demonstrated that during culture under 5% O2, the addition of recombinant human VEGF or FGF2 to mouse embryonic aorta explants (thoracic level to lateral vessels supplying the mesonephros a...
Large-Eddy Simulations of a Flapping Plate

This work isolates the heaving motion of flapping flight in order to numerically investigate the fluidstructure interaction at a Reynolds number of 40,000, a regime typical for large birds and bats. Although insect flight and associated high-lift mechanisms have received much attention, there has been less work performed in this Reynolds number regime due to the added complexity of turbulent transition, where boundary layer separation and reattachment can be more difficult to predict numerically. In this paper an incompressible large-eddy simulation with a well-resolved boundary layer is used to simulate the periodic heaving of a flat plate at various angles of attack. It is found that the heaving motion can increase the average lift when compared with the steady flow, more so than is expected from the relative angle of attack. The additional lift is attributed to the vortex dynamics at the leading edge. The lift enhancement and flow features are compared with experimental results.
Looking through the mirrors: materiality and intimacy at Domenico Grillo’s mansion in Baroque Madrid

AbstractIn 1662, the Spanish crown granted Genoese banker Domenico Grillo an incredibly generous monopoly contract aiming at reactivating the slave trade to the Spanish colonies in the New World. Yet despite the fundamental role Grillo’s slaving business played in the transformation of the geopolitics of the Atlantic, his fleeting incursion into the field of human traffic has so far received limited historiographical attention. This paradox may result from the little information that, beyond the records of his commercial transactions, colonial archives appear to have retained about the complex personality of this Ligurian financier. Seeking to bypass this frustrating documentary gap, this work draws on alternative historical, genealogical and archaeological approaches in order to explore the social and cultural meaning of the various materialities once populating Domenico Grillo’s intimate lived spaces in Baroque Madrid.
Uniqueness of Deoxyribonucleotide Metabolism in Human Malignant T Cell Lines

Inherited deficiencies of the purine metabolic enzymes, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) specifically impair the growth and development of the lymphoid system in human beings1,2. We have proposed that lymphospecific toxicity in these diseases might result from the selective phosphorylation and trapping by T lymphocytes of the adenosine deaminase substrate deoxyadenosine (AdR) and the purine nucleoside Phosphorylase substrate deoxyguanosine (GdR), with the subsequent formation of toxic deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates3. We further proposed that the phosphorylation was mediated by the lymphospecific enzyme deoxycytidine kinase, for which AdR and GdR are substrates, albeit poor ones4. This hypothesis was difficult to test in. vivo because of the severe lymphopenia observed in untreated enzyme deficient patients. In an effort to find a relevant in vitro model system, we therefore turned to human malignant T lymphoblasts derived from patients with T cell leukemia and a mediastinal mass. These cells are conveniently available as continuous lines and share certain antigenic and biochemical characteristics with normal primitive thymocytes5,6.
Effect of vortex shedding in unsteady aerodynamic forces for a low Reynolds number stationary wing at low angle of attack

Abstract This study elucidates the relation between wake vortex shedding and aerodynamic force fluctuations for a low Reynolds number wing from time resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) experimental measurements. The results reveal a periodic lift and drag variation within the shedding cycle and resolve the frequencies of those fluctuations from a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and power spectral density (PSD) analysis. To show the effect of vortex shedding on the body force fluctuations, the evolution of instantaneous aerodynamic forces is compared to the pressure field of the fluid flow and to the vortical structures in the wake of the airfoil. A six step model describing the vortex-force relation is proposed. It shows that changes in lift such as maximum lift and minimum lift are associated with the detachment of a vortex. It also shows that the minimum or local minimum drag value is obtained at the onset formation of a vortex on the airfoil wake. Similarly, the maximum or local maximum drag is obtained at the onset formation of the saddle on the airfoil wake. The model further explains the asymmetry observed in the unsteady drag force evolution. The model can be used to optimize flow control and fluid-structure interaction applications.
Chapter Seven - Discovery and Development of Prolylcarboxypeptidase Inhibitors for Cardiometabolic Disorders

Abstract The serine protease prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is a unique exopeptidase with regulatory functions in the renin–angiotensin system, the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS), and in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin downstream processing of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH1–13). PRCP levels have been linked to hypertension, inflammation, and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. The regulation of hypothalamic melanocortin signaling (via PRCP inhibition of α-MSH1–13 inactivation) represents a novel therapeutic approach in the development of antiobesity agents. Using a combination of rational design approaches and high-throughput screening efforts, a number of potent and protease-selective PRCP inhibitors have been identified and evaluated in animal models.
Habitat use and response of freshwater turtles to human presence in an urban canal of central New Jersey

Pressures of rapid development continue to increase, and recreational activities are becoming a prominent driving force in many urban wildlife communities. Freshwater turtles live in many urban environments, yet little attention has been given to the impact of human recreation upon these communities. We examined the response of basking turtles to observer presence along the towpath of a recreational canal in central New Jersey. All species, except for turtles of the family Kinosternidae, were more frequently observed basking on substrate with less than 50 % canopy cover, log substrate was most preferred, and turtles on the towpath side basked an average of 3 m from the towpath. Turtles were vigilant and over 75 % of C. picta, T.S. elegans, and P. rubriventris responded to observer presence by retreating (swimming away). The distance from the towpath turtles were first seen basking by the observer (approach distance) was significantly correlated with the flight-initiation distance (distance of first respond to observer). Nearly 80 % of the variability in flight initiation distance for Kinosternidae was accounted for by the percent canopy cover, percent cloud cover, and height basking above the water. Researchers aiming to quantify and manage human recreational impact on turtles should examine flight-initiation distances. We encourage wildlife managers of urban parks to construct towpaths or recreational areas at a minimum of 7 m from the water’s edge, maintain moderate vegetation in basking areas, and construct additional basking platforms opposite from towpaths or at great distances from human recreational areas.
Alternative DNA structure formation in the mutagenic human c-MYC promoter

Mutation 'hotspot' regions in the genome are susceptible to genetic instability, implicating them in diseases. These hotspots are not random and often co-localize with DNA sequences potentially capable of adopting alternative DNA structures (non-B DNA, e.g. H-DNA and G4-DNA), which have been identified as endogenous sources of genomic instability. There are regions that contain overlapping sequences that may form more than one non-B DNA structure. The extent to which one structure impacts the formation/stability of another, within the sequence, is not fully understood. To address this issue, we investigated the folding preferences of oligonucleotides from a chromosomal breakpoint hotspot in the human c-MYC oncogene containing both potential G4-forming and H-DNA-forming elements. We characterized the structures formed in the presence of G4-DNA-stabilizing K+ ions or H-DNA-stabilizing Mg2+ ions using multiple techniques. We found that under conditions favorable for H-DNA formation, a stable intramolecular triplex DNA structure predominated; whereas, under K+-rich, G4-DNA-forming conditions, a plurality of unfolded and folded species were present. Thus, within a limited region containing sequences with the potential to adopt multiple structures, only one structure predominates under a given condition. The predominance of H-DNA implicates this structure in the instability associated with the human c-MYC oncogene.
Computer Programs for Linkage Analysis

The main goal of linkage analysis is the estimation of the recombination fraction(s) between two (two-point analysis) or more loci (multipoint analysis). Only in very simple cases is it possible to obtain such estimates with pencil and paper. Usually, the calculations involved are so complex that a computer program has to be employed. Below, many of the frequently used programs are briefly described, although the list is by no means complete. Notice that programs for computer simulation are discussed in another section of this report. Also, programs for nonparametric linkage analysis (e.g., affected sib-pair methods) are not discussed in this outline.
Interpreting China's Economy: Introduction

This book is unique in covering all important topics of the Chinese economy in depth but written in a language understandable to the layman and yet challenging to the expert. Beginning with entrepreneurship that propels the dynamic economic changes in China today, the book is organized into four broad parts to discuss China's economic development, to analyze significant economic issues, to recommend economic policies and to comment on the timely economic issues in the American economy for comparison. Unlike a textbook, the discussion is original and thought-provoking. It is written by a most distinguished economist who has studied the Chinese economy for thirty years, after making breathtaking contributions to the fields of econometrics, applied economics and dynamic economics and serving as a major adviser to the government of Taiwan during its period of rapid development in the 1960s and 1970s. In the last thirty years, the author has served as a major adviser to the government of China on economic reform and important economic policies and cooperated with the Ministry of Education to introduce and promote the development of modern economics in China, including training hundreds of economists in China and placing many graduate students to pursue a doctoral degrees in economics in leading universities in the US and Canada. These graduates now plays pivotal roles in China and in the US in academics, business or government institutions. The essays, a culmination of the author's expertise in China over five decades, are being widely read in China. When the author became professor emeritus at Princeton, the University named the Econometric Research Program as the Gregory C Chow Econometric Research Program in his honor.
Conclusions and directions for further research

At the beginning of this thesis a few introductory definitions were presented. This was followed by a description of planning problems which arise in conjunction with flexible manufacturing systems. On this basis a general planning concept for the design of production systems with an emphasis on flexible manufacturing systems was developed. This planning concept can be considered as a framework in which different tools can be applied.
Repetition and a Beat-Based Timing Framework: What Determines the Duration of Intervals Between Repetitions of a Tapping Pattern?

The production of speech and music are two human behaviors that involve complex hierarchical structures with implications for timing. Timing constraints may arise from a human proclivity to form ‘self-organized’ metrical structures for perceived and produced event sequences, especially those that involve repetition. To test whether the propensity to organize events in time arises even for simple motor behaviors, we developed a novel experimental tapping paradigm investigating whether participants use the beat structure of a tapped pattern to determine the interval between repetitions. Participants listened to target patterns of 3, 4, or 5 events, occurring at one of four periodic rates, and tapped out the pattern 11 times, creating 10 inter-pattern intervals (IPIs), which participants chose freely. The ratio between mean IPI and mean inter-tap interval (ITI) was used to measure the beat-relatedness of the overall timing pattern; the closer this ratio is to an integer, the more likely the participant was timing the IPI to match a multiple of the target pattern beat. Results show that a beat-based strategy contributes prominently, although not universally, to IPI duration. Moreover, participants preferred interval cycles with even numbers of beats, especially cycles with four beats. Finally, the IPI/ITI ratio was affected by rate, with more beats of silence for the IPI at faster rates. These findings support the idea that people can generate a larger global timing structure when engaging in the repetition of simple periodic motor patterns, and use that structure to govern the timing of those motor events.
A Urologist’s Viewpoint: Treatment of Invasive Bladder Cancer by the XRT/5FU Protocol

Primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) localized to the urinary bladder occurs as: A, carcinoma in situ (CIS), B, superficial disease penetrating the basement membrane but not invasive of detrusor muscle, C, disease invasive of the detrusor muscle, or a mixture of these. CIS is most frequently treated with intravesical chemo or immunotherapy. Radical cystectomy is utilized for treatment failures. Superficial disease is treated by transurethral resection (TUR-BT) followed by intravesical chemo or immunotherapy.
The Role of Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization (MOMP) in Apoptosis: Studying Bax Pores by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Abstract During apoptosis, mitochondria release proteins from the intermembrane space, leading to the activation of cell death proteases (caspases). This unique and critical process—mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, or MOMP—is regulated by the Bcl-2 family proteins. The molecular mechanisms regulating MOMP have long been a focus of intensive studies aiming to find therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancer. We have developed faithful vesicle systems to study MOMP and have employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize the pores in the membrane. I describe here the rationale behind our development of these in vitro vesicle systems, the adaptation of these systems to cryo-EM investigation, and how our findings contribute to understanding the core molecular mechanisms of MOMP.
Elizabeth Bishop: A Miracle for Breakfast, by Megan Marshall: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.

We licked up the crumb and swallowed the coffee. A window across the river caught the sun as if the miracle were working, on the wrong balcony—Elizabeth Bishop, “A Miracle for Breakfast.”Balcony. C...
The mosquito adulticidal Chromobacterium sp. Panama causes transgenerational impacts on fitness parameters and elicits xenobiotic gene responses

Vector control is critical in reducing the disease burden caused by mosquitoes, and insecticides are an effective tool to control vector populations. Resistance to common insecticides is now widespread, and novel classes of insecticides are needed. In previous work, we described the mosquitocidal activity of Chromobacterium sp. Panama (C.sp_P), a bacterium found in association with mosquitoes in natural populations. In the current work, we further explored the effects of exposure to the bacterium on mosquito fitness and mosquito physiology. We found that C.sp_P has mosquitocidal activity against a broad range of mosquito taxa. When exposed to C.sp_P as adults, female An. gambiae suffered reduced longevity, but experienced no change in fecundity. The offspring of these females, however, had higher mortality as larvae and were slower to develop compared to offspring of control females. We also found that the mosquitocidal activity of C.sp_P was retained after removal of live cells from biofilm culture media, suggesting the bacteria secrete mosquitocidal compound(s) into the media during growth. Exposure to this cell-free C.sp_P-conditioned media caused female midgut transcriptional changes comprising detoxification, xenobiotic response, and stress response genes, suggesting the physiological response to C.sp_P is similar to that of insecticide exposure. Finally, we found that multiple members of the Chromobacterium genus had mosquitocidal activity, but this activity was highest in mosquitoes treated with C.sp_P. Our findings suggest that C.sp_P produces factor(s) with strong effects on mosquito longevity and fitness, which may be of interest for mosquitocide development. More generally, they indicate that further exploration of mosquito-associated and environmental microbes for novel insecticidal compounds or biocontrol agents is warranted.
Mapping TES Temperature Sensitivity and Current Sensitivity as a Function of Temperature, Current, and Magnetic Field with IV Curve and Complex Admittance Measurements

We have specialized astronomical applications for X-ray microcalorimeters with superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs) that require exceptionally good TES performance, but which operate in the small-signal regime. We have therefore begun a program to carefully characterize the entire transition surface of TESs with and without the usual zebra stripes to see if there are reproducible local “sweet spots” where the performance is much better than average. These measurements require precise knowledge of the circuit parameters. Here, we show how the Shapiro effect can be used to precisely calibrate the value of the shunt resistor. We are also investigating the effects of stress and external magnetic fields to better understand reproducibility problems.
Characterization of cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes in the colorless alga Polytoma. V. Molecular structure and heterogenity of leucoplast DNA.

In the colorless alga Polytoma obtusum , the leucoplast DNA which constitutes approximately 16% of whole cell DNA, has a buoyant density in CsCl of 1·682 g/cm 3 and a G+C content of 17·4% by base composition analysis. The unusually high A+T content of the leucoplast DNA was also reflected in its high phosphate (0·3 m ) elution characteristics on an hydroxyapatite column. The presence of considerable intramolecular heterogeneity of this leucoplast DNA was first indicated by its asymmetrical optical melting profile, which consisted of a major (80%) highly co-operative fraction and a minor (20%) gradual hyperchromic transition, with an overall melting temperature in 0·15 m -NaCl, 0·015 m -Na citrate, (pH 7·0) of 75·6°C. When sheared leucoplasT DNA was melted on an hydroxyapatite column, a more heterogeneous profile was obtained, indicating the presence of short G+C-rich fragments interspersed among A+T-rich sequences. This was further demonstrated by analysis of the G+C content of DNA samples taken from the peak region of sheared leucoplast DNA banded in CsCl. The central 25 to 30% of the DNA peak had an average G+C content of 15 to 18%, the lightest 15% had less than 12% G+C, while about 20% had a G+C content of over 30%. The G+C-rich fragments appeared to be covalently linked to the A+T-rich sequences, since they were only evident when the size of the leucoplast DNA was reduced to an M r value of less than 3×10 6 . Renaturation kinetic studies revealed the presence of three, classes of sequences: (1) the unique sequences exhibited a reassociation rate similar to that of T 4 DNA, and constituted about 63% of the total; (2) zero-time DNA constituted approximately 27% of the total; and (3) very rapidly renaturable sequences constituted the remaining 10% of leucoplast DNA, with, a reassociation rate-constant k 2 of 1250, or about 500 times faster than T 4 DNA. The kinetic complexity of the single leucoplast genome was calculated to be, equivalent to an M r value of 2·8×10 8 to 3·2×10 8 , and an estimated 56 to 65 repetitions of this genome were present per cell. The evolutionary affinity between the leucoplast of Polytoma and the chloroplast of Chlamdydomonas was assessed by sequence homology studies of their DNAs. Under our experimental conditions, 32% of the unique sequences of the leucoplast DNA hybridized with chloroplast DNA, while no appreciable hybridization between the plastid DNAs and T 4 DNA or DNA of Nostoc , a blue-green alga, was detected.
Non-commutative Fluids

We review the connection between non-commutative gauge theory, matrix models and fluid mechanical systems. The non-commutative Chern-Simons description of the quantum Hall effect and bosonization of collective fermion states are used as specific examples.
Uncovering Dynamic Functional Connectivity of Parkinson’s Disease Using Topological Features and Sparse Group Lasso

Neuro-degenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are clinically found to cause alternations and failures in brain connectivity. In this work, a new classification framework using dynamic functional connectivity and topological features is proposed, and it is shown that such framework can give better insights over discriminative difference of the disease itself. After utilizing sparse group lasso with anatomically labeled resting-state fMRI signal, both discriminating brain regions and voxels within can be identified easily. To give an overview of the effectiveness of such framework, the classification performance with the network features extracted on dynamic functional network is quantitatively evaluated. Experimental results show that either single feature of clustering coefficient or combined feature group of characteristic path length, diameter, eccentricity and radius perform well in classifying PD, and as a result the identified feature can lead to better interpretation for clinical purposes.
Development of hepatocellular carcinoma as a second primary cancer in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with a different primary malignancy.

e15092 Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients (pts) are at increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 7% of HCV-infected pts with non-liver primary ma...
Wounds Inhibit Tumor Growth In Vivo.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the interaction of full thickness excisional wounds and tumors in vivo. Summary of background data Tumors have been described as wounds that do not heal due to similarities in stromal composition. On the basis of observations of slowed tumor growth after ulceration, we hypothesized that full thickness excisional wounds would inhibit tumor progression in vivo. Methods To determine the interaction of tumors and wounds, we developed a tumor xenograft/allograft (human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma SAS/mouse breast carcinoma 4T1) wound mouse model. We examined tumor growth with varying temporospatial placement of tumors and wounds or ischemic flap. In addition, we developed a tumor/wound parabiosis model to understand the ability of tumors and wounds to recruit circulating progenitor cells. Results Tumor growth inhibition by full thickness excisional wounds was dose-dependent, maintained by sequential wounding, and relative to distance. This effect was recapitulated by placement of an ischemic flap directly adjacent to a xenograft tumor. Using a parabiosis model, we demonstrated that a healing wound was able to recruit significantly more circulating progenitor cells than a growing tumor. Tumor inhibition by wound was unaffected by presence of an immune response in an immunocompetent model using a mammary carcinoma. Utilizing functional proteomics, we identified 100 proteins differentially expressed in tumors and wounds. Conclusion Full thickness excisional wounds have the ability to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Further research may provide an exact mechanism for this remarkable finding and new advances in wound healing and tumor biology.
Drones, Machetes, and Virtual Reality: 21 st -Century Tools for Historic Preservation

The climate is changing, and sea level is rising. Pacific Islanders like those in Kosrae, Micronesia face significant risk of losing their way of life, as well as their historic and cultural artifacts. Aerial photogrammetry and virtual reality can help support historic preservation efforts to mitigate these effects of climate change. Aerial drone flights offer unique points of view of archaeological ruins not otherwise accessible from the ground, and virtual reality offers unique experiences of those same artifacts, empowering more effective decisions that support their historic preservation.
Evaluation of four commercial tests for detecting ceftiofur in waste milk bulk tank samples

The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting the accuracy of four commercial tests for ceftiofur drug residue in milk samples from bulk tank waste milk (WM). WM samples were collected from 12 California dairy farms which were initially tested using liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) to confirm their negative status for drug residues above the FDA established tolerance/safe levels. The milk samples were also tested for fat, protein, lactose, solids non-fat (SNF), somatic cell count (SCC), coliform count, and standard plate count (SPC). Each WM sample was divided into two aliquots, one labeled as negative for drug residues (WMN) and the second spiked with ceftiofur as positive for ceftiofur residues (WMPos). Both types of WM samples were tested to evaluate the performance of 4 commercially available tests: Penzyme® Milk Test, SNAP® β-lactam, BetaStar® Plus and Delvo SP-NT®. Three assays in triplicates for the WMN and WMPos were conducted for each WM sample. Test were evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and positive likelihood ratio. Kruskal-Wallis method was used to evaluate the effect of milk quality parameters on true positive (TP) and false negative (FN) test results. All WMPos samples were identified as positive by all four tests, rendering 100% sensitivity for each test. The specificity for Penzyme, BetaStar, Delvo, and SNAP tests were 59.2, 55.5, 44.4, and 29.6, respectively. Overall, all tests correctly identified samples with ceftiofur residues (WMPos), as shown by 100% sensitivity. Greater variability was observed regarding identification of samples free of any drug residue, with Penzyme and BetaStar having the highest risk for correctly identifying TN samples. Our findings indicate that when selecting commercial tests to detect drug residues in WM, milk quality parameters must be considered if the aim is to reduce FP test results.
Paulo Freire: Rousseau of the Twentieth Century

Book review of: Paulo Freire: Rousseau of the Twentieth Century Asoke Bhattacharya. Sense Publishers, Rotterdam, 2011, 311 pages.
Effect of the density of states at the Fermi level on defect free energies and superconductivity: A case study of Nb 3 Sn

Although often ignored in first-principles studies of material behavior, electronic free energy can have a profound effect in systems with a high-temperature threshold for kinetics and a high Fermi-level density of states (DOS). ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$ and many other members of the technologically important A15 class of superconductors meet these criteria. This is no coincidence: both electronic free energy and superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{\text{c}}$ are closely linked to the electronic density of states at the Fermi level. Antisite defects are known to have an adverse effect on ${T}_{\text{c}}$ in these materials because they disrupt the high Fermi-level density of states. We observe that this also locally reduces electronic free energy, giving rise to large temperature-dependent terms in antisite defect formation and interaction free energies. This work explores the effect of electronic free energy on antisite defect behavior in the case of ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$. Using ab initio techniques, we perform a comprehensive study of antisite defects in ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$, and find that their effect on the Fermi-level DOS plays a key role determining their thermodynamic behavior, their interactions, and their effect on superconductivity. Based on our findings, we calculate the A15 region of the Nb-Sn phase diagram and show that the phase boundaries depend critically the electronic free energy of antisite defects. In particular, we show that extended defects such as grain boundaries alter the local phase diagram by suppressing electronic free-energy effects, explaining experimental measurements of grain boundary antisite defect segregation. Finally, we quantify the effect of antisite defects on superconductivity with the first ab initio study of ${T}_{\text{c}}$ in ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$ as a function of composition, focusing on tin-rich compositions observed in segregation regions around grain boundaries. As tin-rich compositions are not observed in bulk, their properties cannot be directly measured experimentally; our calculations therefore enable quantitative Ginzburg-Landau simulations of grain boundary superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$. We discuss the implications of these results for developing new growth processes to improve the properties of ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$ thin films.
Demonstration of 3±0.12 dB Power Splitting over 145 nm Optical Bandwidth in a 31-μm Long 3-dB Rapid Adiabatic Coupler

We experimentally validate the rapid adiabatic coupling (RAC) concept and demonstrate 50±1.4% (3±0.12dB) power splitting over a record 145 nm bandwidth from either port of a 31μm-long, 2×2 coupler, the widest ±1.4%-bandwidth by a factor of 4.
Abstract 4943: The stem cell factor LIN28B regulates proliferation and apoptosis in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor. With radiation therapy as the primary treatment, the median survival after diagnosis is 6 months. Identifying molecular markers that regulate tumor growth is urgently needed to develop targeted therapies. LIN28B is a stem cell factor expressed during normal neural development and re-expressed in cancer cells. In many cancers, LIN28B acts as an RNA-binding protein and downregulates the tumor-suppressing let-7 microRNAs. We had previously shown that LIN28A, a homolog of LIN28B, regulates invasion and tumorigenicity in adult high-grade gliomas. LIN28B is known to be highly expressed in DIPG. Thus, we hypothesized that LIN28B would be important in DIPG by promoting tumor growth. We observed that LIN28B was expressed in patient-derived DIPG cell lines (JHHDIPG1, JHHDIPG16A, SUDIPGXIII, HSJD-007, SF7761). Knockdown of LIN28B using short hairpin RNAs decreased DIPG cell proliferation (BrdU incorporation) between 50% to 90% (p Citation Format: Huizi Guo, Harpreet Kaur, Charles G. Eberhart, Eric H. Raabe. The stem cell factor LIN28B regulates proliferation and apoptosis in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4943.
Formation and Removal of Tungsten Flake and Metallic Film Defects in Tungsten Contact CMP

Controlling defectivity levels after the CMP process is critical for yield enhancement. CMP tools are equipped with an in-situ cleaning module to remove polishing byproducts, residues, and flakes. After tungsten contact CMP, metallic flakes and films can cause leakage paths between contacts. They are detrimental to final device yield, and their impact increases as the transistor nodes shrink. This paper explores the formation mechanisms of different types of tungsten flake defects and suggests methods to eliminate them from the wafer surface. The interaction between the in-situ cleaner and wafer will be examined in order to better understand the source and formation of defects caught after CMP. Keyword: Tungsten CMP, CMP in-situ Cleaning, Dryer, Brushes, Flakes
Flexible-templated imprinting for fluorine-free, omniphobic plastics with re-entrant structures.

Abstract Hypothesis Compared to vertical micro-pillars, re-entrant micro-structures exhibited superior omniphobicity for suspending liquids to Cassie-Baxter state. However, the existing re-entrant structures rely on complex multi-step deposition and etching procedures. The conventional, rigid-templated imprinting would instead damage the re-entrant structures. This leads to the question: is it possible to preserve the re-entrant curvatures by a flexible-templated imprinting? Experiments We facilely imprinted the re-entrant structures on a plastic substrate using a flexible nylon-mesh template. The effect of imprinting time (15–35 min), temperature (110–120 °C) and pressure (15–50 Bar) was investigated. To further improve the liquid-repellency and abrasion resistance, the silica nanoparticles (30–650 nm) along with epoxy resin binder (10 mg/mL) were pre-coated. Findings A one-step imprinting is sufficient to fabricate the re-entrant structures by utilizing flexible nylon-mesh template, without damaging the imprinted structures after the demolding process. The pre-coated silica nanoparticles and epoxy resin (1) improved liquid repellency by introducing hierarchical surface structures (e.g. contact angle hysteresis of olive oil reduced > 10°), and (2) acted as a protective layer against mechanical abrasion (omniphobicity maintained after 25 cycles, ~1.6 kPa sand paper abrasion). Additionally, the fluorine-free post-treatment was sufficient for the omniphobicity on the obtained plastic structures.
Nomograms and risk score models for predicting survival in rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant therapy.

Nomograms and risk score models for predicting survival in rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant therapy
REMY: A platform for the rapid interrogation of epigenome modifications on yeast

Histone proteins are decorated with a combinatorially and numerically diverse set of biochemical modifications. Here we describe a versatile and scalable platform termed Rapid interrogation of Epigenome Modifications using Yeast surface display (REMY), which enables efficient characterization of histone modifications without the need for recombinant protein production. As proof-of-concept, we first used REMY to rapidly profile the histone H3 and H4 residue writing specificities of the human histone acetyltransferase, p300. Subsequently, we used REMY to screen a large panel of commercially available anti-acetylation antibodies for their specificities, identifying many suitable and unsuitable reagents. Further, use of REMY enabled efficient mapping of the large binary crosstalk space between acetylated residues on histones H3 and H4, and uncovered previously unreported residue interdependencies affecting p300 activity. Our results show that REMY is a useful tool that can advance our understanding of chromatin biology by enabling efficient interrogation of the complexity of epigenome modifications.
Understanding The Social Support Exchange of a Pregnancy After Loss Online Support Group

Existing literature on miscarriage support seldom focuses on women who are pregnant after a loss despite research showing that these women have different social support needs from the general population of women who have suffered a loss. In light of this, we investigated an online support group for women who are pregnant after suffering a previous pregnancy loss in this study. The study utilized social network analysis to analyze the interactions between women of different gestational stages. We distinguish between the two types of social support exchanged in the group: informational and nurturant support. The graph structure allows us to learn about the progression of giving and receiving support as users progress through the gestational stages. Our study shows that informational support is mostly given by women in the later stages of their pregnancy to women in earlier stages. Most of the gestational stages only transmit or receive informational support but not both. Emotional support contains more reciprocal relationships between the gestational stages. We also aim to learn about the support exchanged in the group by analyzing the n-cliques formed in the group. We discuss how the findings of this research point to the importance of second trimester users in the group. We identify second trimester users that tend to spur more discussion in the group by interacting with more users, posting more messages, and having higher degree centrality.
Lung Cancer Screening

Lung cancer (LC) is the most common and fatal cancer worldwide; in the USA it remains the deadliest cancer despite decreasing incidence. Emergency physicians currently encounter LC in various ways. Patients go to the emergency department (ED) for disease or treatment complications. Others are diagnosed with LC in the ED, likely already advanced and refractory to treatment. Lastly, incidental lesions that are likely benign but have a small chance of representing early cancer are encountered and evaluated.
Changes in oral health-related quality of life after self-care treatment in patients with myofascial pain.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with myofascial pain treated by means of self-care measures.Methods:Fifteen patients with myofascial pain had OHRQoL evaluated by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-TMD) questionnaire and were instructed for self-care measures verbally and with a printed guide in the first consultation (T0), after 30 days (T1) and 60 days (T2). Paired t-test was performed to evaluate changes through time.Results:OHIP-TMD scores were 29.3 (SD 10.2) at T0, 18.9 (SD 11.2) at T1, and 15.9 (SD 10.7) at T2. There was a reduction of scores related to the OHIP-TMD domains of functional limitation, physical pain, psychological and social inability and incapacity (T1 and T2), and psychological discomfort (T2).Conclusion:Self-care measures had positive effects on the myofascial pain treatment, reducing physical pain generated by TMD and improving patients' OHRQoL.
Diarrhea and hypoproteinemia in the calf of a mastitic dam

The case report is given of a female calf which presented at 1 wk of age with malaise and failure to gain; the dam had active mastitis in both rear quarters. Despite treatment, the calf remained hypoproteinaemic and had diarrhoea. Examination of blood from the calf suggested hypoimmunoglobulinaemia due to failure to obtain colostrum. Parenteral administration of blood plasma from the dam led to improvement and recovery. The connection between mastitis in the dam and failure of passive transfer of colostrum to the calf is discussed.