cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variation within serogroup 123 ofRhizobium Japonicum

The variation between 20 isolates ofR. japonicum classified as belonging to serogroup 123, the predominant serogroup in Iowa soils, was examined. Using the agglutination method with 3 related antisera and crushed-nodule suspensions, 3 subgroups of isolates could be defined. These were further subdivided by the application of the immuno-diffusion serological technique, but only after steaming crushed-nodule suspensions or cultured cells for 20 minutes. Examination of the symbiotic effectiveness, the effect of nitrate on nodule-forming ability, and the inhibition of growth by various fungicides, indicated that all but two of the twenty isolates could be differentiated.
Some Properties of a Class of Analytic Functions

Abstract Let A be the class of functions ƒ(z), which are analytic in the unit disc U = {z: |z| A and study some properties of Qα(β) Hence we extend the results of MacGregor, Chen, and Chichra. We also get a new univalent criterion and some interesting properties of Hadamard products.
FlexS: A Method for Fast Flexible Ligand Superposition

If no structural information about a particular target protein is available, methods of rational drug design try to superimpose putative ligands with a given reference, e.g., an endogenous ligand. The goal of such structural alignments is, on the one hand, to approximate the binding geometry and, on the other hand, to provide a relative ranking of the ligands with respect to their similarity. An accurate superposition is the prerequisite of subsequent exploitation of ligand data by either 3D QSAR analyses, pharmacophore hypotheses, or receptor modeling. We present the automatic method FLEXS for structurally superimposing pairs of ligands, approximating their putative binding site geometry. One of the ligands is treated as flexible, while the other one, used as a reference, is kept rigid. FLEXS is an incremental construction procedure. The molecules to be superimposed are partitioned into fragments. Starting with placements of a selected anchor fragment, computed by two alternative approaches, the remaining fragments are added iteratively. At each step, flexibility is considered by allowing the respective added fragment to adopt a discrete set of conformations. The mean computing time per test case is about 1:30 min on a common-day workstation. FLEXS is fast enough to be used as a tool for virtual ligand screening. A database of typical drug molecules has been screened for potential fibrinogen receptor antagonists. FLEXS is capable of retrieving all ligands assigned to platelet aggregation properties among the first 20 hits. Furthermore, the program suggests additional interesting candidates, likely to be active at the same receptor. FLEXS proves to be superior to commonly used retrieval techniques based on 2D fingerprint similarities. The accuracy of computed superpositions determines the relevance of subsequently performed ligand analyses. In order to validate the quality of FLEXS alignments, we attempted to reproduce a set of 284 mutual superpositions derived from experimental data on 76 protein-ligand complexes of 14 proteins. The ligands considered cover the whole range of drug-size molecules from 18 to 158 atoms (PDB codes: 3ptb, 2er7). The performance of the algorithm critically depends on the sizes of the molecules to be superimposed. The limitations are clearly demonstrated with large peptidic inhibitors in the HIV and the endothiapepsin data set. Problems also occur in the presence of multiple binding modes (e.g., elastase and human rhinovirus). The most convincing results are achieved with small- and medium-sized molecules (as, e.g., the ligands of trypsin, thrombin, and dihydrofolate reductase). In more than half of the entire test set, we achieve rms deviations between computed and observed alignment of below 1.5 A. This underlines the reliability of FLEXS-generated alignments.
Impact of precipitation on the treatment of real ion-exchange brine using the H2-based membrane biofilm reactor

The H 2 -based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was used to remove nitrate and perchlorate from real ion-exchange brine at two different salinities (30- and 50-g/L NaCl). Base production from nitrate reduction to N 2 gas caused the pH to increase, and this exacerbated precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonates onto the MBfR fibers. The precipitates lowered the H 2 flux to the biofilm and caused a deterioration of denitrification performance that could be reversed by mild citric-acid washing. The addition of acid seems to be the only mechanism to avoid serious precipitation, membrane fouling, and non-optimal pH for denitrification.
Time-resolved electron diffraction study of the Ge(100)-(2×1)–(1×1) phase transition

Abstract The dynamics of the Ge(1 0 0)-(2×1)–(1×1) phase transition has been investigated by 100-ps time-resolved reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). A laser pulse heats the surface while a synchronized electron pulse is used to obtain a diffraction pattern of the surface. For slow heating, on a heated stage, the Ge(1 0 0)-(2×1) reconstruction is observed to lose its long-range order between 900 and 1000 K. For heating with 100-ps laser pulses, time-resolved electron diffraction shows that the Ge(1 0 0)-(2×1) reconstructed surface starts to disorder at 1027±44 K, 127±44 K above the onset temperature of 900 K for the disordering of Ge(1 0 0)-(2×1) observed for slow heating. The overheating of the Ge(1 0 0)-(2×1) structure by ultrafast laser pulses is indicative of the first-order nature of the transition, and provides support for the conclusion that the mechanism of the Ge(1 0 0)-(2×1)–(1×1) phase transition involves (2×1) domain wall proliferation instead of dimer break-up. RHEED intensity and profile analysis under slow heating shows increased surface vacancy density and roughness with temperature. The onset of the increase in surface roughness, as measured by RHEED profile width, correlates with the Ge(1 0 0)-(2×1)–(1×1) phase transition.
Thermal stability of refractory carbide/boride composites

Abstract The thermal stability of refractory carbide/boride composites in oxidizing environment was analyzed. The multi-component thermodynamic stability diagrams for the complex (Hf, Ta, Zr, Si)–C(B)–O composite systems were generated using the proposed linear inequality method. In this method, the stability area of compound is the solution of a set of linear inequalities which is directly obtained from the free energy changes of general chemical reactions. The generated thermodynamic stability diagrams were used to analyze the formation of multilayer oxide scale in HfC–TaC and ZrB 2 –SiC composites, and correlated with experimental results.
The Prevention and Treatment of Shock in Acute Myocardial Infarction

E arly experiences with the organized care of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) demonstrated that cardiogenic shock was associated with mortality rates between 73-100 percent. ‘� Scheidt et al6 noted that “sinus tachycardia, atnoventricular block, late onset of shock, cool moist skin, coma, oliguria, and overt pulmonary edema were associated with mortality of more than 90 percent.” They also noted that neither norepinephrine nor isoproterenol seemed to influence survival. Severe ventricular failure with marked impairment ofcardiac output from any cause may lead to peripheral circulatory failure. The shock syndrome is the expression of severe oxidative failure. Oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues decreases, mitochondrial oxidation of substrate diminishes markedly, unmetabolized acid intermediates accumulate in the tissues and cellular stores of creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate are exhausted. Cell injury and multiple organ failure develop inexorably unless causal factors are corrected. Shock is generally considered in three broad etiologic categories: cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and distributive (septic) shock. Studies of myocardial metabolism soon demonstrated that cardiogenic shock in AMI was associated with evidence of anaerobic metabolism while myocardial energy generation appeared to be generally adequate in patients with non-coronary cardiogenic shock. Detailed pathologic studies of patients hospitalized in coronary care units revealed that those dying in shock had necrosis of 35-70 percent of the left ventricular surface. � The volume of the infarcted myocardium rather than location of the infarction, determined ventricular function and the development of the shock syndrome.6 Most patients had extremely severe coronary artery disease with extensive involvement of the
Novel methods for the reliability testing of ferroelectric DRAM storage capacitors

A new technique has been developed for the characterization of dielectric voltage- and charge-decay times (T/sub V/ and T/sub Q/) in sol-gel derived ferroelectric films under open-circuit conditions. Voltage decay potentially poses a limitation on the maximum allowable refresh-time in the DRAM capacitor. This direct measurement of T/sub V/ is preferred to its conventional estimation based on the current-voltage relationship, because of the implicit inclusion of nonlinearities and stress-induced leakage-reduction effects. Undoped and lanthanum-doped lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) films have also been characterized for frequency-dispersion in large-signal polarization, bit "0" relaxation and a new bit "1" relaxation mechanism using techniques developed recently. It is proposed that any evaluation of high-permittivity dielectrics for DRAM applications must include these measurements. >
Development of an ultra-stable, low-cost diode laser system

We present the design and characterization of an external cavity diode laser system optimized for high stability, low cost, and ease of in-house assembly. Resonance data and characterization of the linewidth and stability of the new design demonstrate that the system is competitive with or superior to commercial precision diode laser systems at a fraction of the cost. The design will ultimately be fully documented and made freely available.
Rationale and methodology for generating an airborne emergency response spectral reference library

The US Environmental Protection Agency is currently operating an airborne hyperspectral remote infrared spectrometer for the purpose of providing near real-time chemical data to first responders and other response agencies. This system has been designed to fulfill Agency data collection requirements for both traditional chemical emergency response and counter - terrorism activities. The platform consists of a high speed long-wave and mid-wave spectrometer and a multi-spectral infrared line scanner integrated into a mid-sized twin-engine aircraft. Through the use of onboard data processing and short haul data links, chemical information can be relayed to the end user in about ten minutes. An important component of this system is the development of the spectral reference library used to query the incoming data stream. A balance must be reached in providing a library set that is robust enough to provide useful information for the majority of accidents without the overhead of voluminous amounts of rarely used spectral library data. The end goal of the program is to generate a library set which permits a reasonable number of compounds to be automativally processed as data is streamed through the system. This paper will describe the selection technique used to develop the critical list of compounds contained in the library. This paper will likewise describe how this library is integrated into the overall system and the type of data processing and products that are produced.
On the spin of a broad state around 10 MeV in 12C

Abstract The assignment of 2+ to a broad structure around 10 MeV is made plausible. This state could be part of a deformed band.
Quantifying the air quality-CO2 tradeoff potential for airports

Abstract Aircraft movements on the airport surface are responsible for CO 2 emissions that contribute to climate change and other emissions that affect air quality and human health. While the potential for optimizing aircraft surface movements to minimize CO 2 emissions has been assessed, the implications of CO 2 emissions minimization for air quality have not been quantified. In this paper, we identify conditions in which there is a tradeoff between CO 2 emissions and population exposure to O 3 and secondary PM 2.5 – i.e. where decreasing fuel burn (which is directly proportional to CO 2 emissions) results in increased exposure. Fuel burn and emissions are estimated as a function of thrust setting for five common gas turbine engines at 34 US airports. Regional air quality impacts, which are dominated by ozone and secondary PM 2.5 , are computed as a function of airport location and time using the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model. Tradeoffs between CO 2 emissions and population exposure to PM 2.5 and O 3 occur between 2–18% and 5–60% of the year, respectively, depending on airport location, engine type, and thrust setting. The total duration of tradeoff conditions is 5–12 times longer at maximum thrust operations (typical for takeoff) relative to 4% thrust operations (typical for taxiing). Per kilogram of additional fuel burn at constant thrust setting during tradeoff conditions, reductions in population exposure to PM 2.5 and O 3 are 6–13% and 32–1060% of the annual average (positive) population exposure per kilogram fuel burn, where the ranges encompass the medians over the 34 airports. For fuel burn increases due to thrust increases (i.e. for constant operating time), reductions in both PM 2.5 and O 3 exposure are 1.5–6.4 times larger in magnitude than those due to increasing fuel burn at constant thrust (i.e. increasing operating time). Airports with relatively high population exposure reduction potentials – which occur due to a combination of high duration and magnitude of tradeoff conditions – are identified. Our results are the first to quantify the extent of the tradeoff between CO 2 emissions and air quality impacts at airports. This raises the possibility of reducing the air quality impacts of airports beyond minimizing fuel burn and/or optimizing for minimum net environmental impact.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE CARDIORESPIROGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN EARLY LIFE

Using Hewlett-Packard's cardiorespirograph 80200 A, cardiorespirographic (CRG) patterns of 380 preterm and term infants were studied during neonatal period. Selected cases of two-year period (1983-1984) presented various paroxysmal states in early life (e.g. apnoea, seizures, jerks, multiple sighs, bradycardia, jitteriness). We compared early CRG patterns with the final diagnosis at discharge of these infants or with their post-mortem findings and we found out that the CRG patterns in early life could in many cases be of important prognostic value. The group of the infants with patterns of apnoea and sim= ultaneous bradycardia (the so called appropriate diving reflex) which are typical for idiopathical apnoea of prematurity have a good prognosis when properly treated with xanthine derivatives. The CRG patterns of silent tracing, comb-like bradycardia, cluster breathing or Cheyne-Stokes’ respiration indicate usually poor prognosis while the further diagnostic procedures in our cases have shown mainly gross abnormalities of the central nervous system. In the third group we observed CRG patterns of excessive periodic breathing, multiple sighs and brady= cardia without apnoea, which are highly suggestive for primary cause of metabolic derangement and on the present possibilities of successful longterm treatment.
Synthesis and transporter binding properties of 3 beta-(4'-alkyl-, 4'-alkenyl-, and 4'-alkynylphenyl)nortropane-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl esters: serotonin transporter selective analogs.

New methods for the synthesis of 3β-(4‘-alkyl-, 4‘-alkenyl-, and 4‘-alkynylphenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl esters 2−4, respectively, were developed. These methods involved coupling of the appropriate organometallic reagents to 3β-(4‘-iodophenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6a, RTI-55) or to an N-protected derivative of 6a followed by N-demethylation or removal of the protecting group. Some analogs were prepared by catalytic reduction of the alkene and alkyne analogs 3 and 4 or by isomerization of the alkenes 3. The analogs 2−4 were evaluated for inhibition of radioligand binding to the serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) transporters. 3β-(4‘-Isopropenyl- and 4‘-cis-propenylphenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl esters (3b,d), which possessed IC50 values of 0.6 and 1.15 nM, respectively, were the most potent analogs at the 5-HT transporter, and with NE/5-HT IC50 ratios of 240 and 128 nM, respectively, they were selective for the 5-HT relative to the NE tran...
Infrared predissociation spectra of water dimer in a supersonic molecular beam

The infrared absorption spectrum of the hydrogen-bonded water dimer, (H2O)2, formed in a supersonic expansion, was recorded in the region of th
Personality traits and theophylline metabolism.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between personality trait variables and theophylline disposition in asthmatic patients. Twenty-five patients admitted to a hospital who required intravenous theophylline for bronchodilation were studied. Data on theophylline half-life, and the patients' histories on congestive heart failure, liver disease, and smoking behaviour were abstracted. Eysenck's personality inventory was administered to obtain a score on the two personality traits: neuroticism and extroversy. High neurotic patients showed a significantly (p< 0.005) lower theophylline half-life. Neuroticism appeared to be, in this patient population, a more important determinant of theophylline half-life than variables such as congestive heart failure, liver disease, or smoking behaviour.
Stochastic processes with finite semivariation in Banach spaces and their stochastic integral

In this Paper we study a new class of Banach-valued Processes which are summable: the Processes with integrable semivariation. One can define the Stochastic Integral for such processes, which can be computed pathwise, as a Stieltjes integral with respect to a function with finite semivariation (rather than finite variation).
Papular elastolytic giant cell granuloma responding to hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine.

A 75-year-old Caucasian male with papular elastolytic giant cell granuloma was treated successfully with hydroxychloroquine (200 mg p.o. bid for 4 months). Treatment had to be stopped because of early retinopathy. Treatment was started with quinacrine, which accomplished partial control.
Assessing Attitudes Toward Wildlife Ownership in United States–Mexico Borderlands

Public attitudes toward wildlife ownership represent an important and poorly studied component of biodiversity conservation. We began addressing this knowledge gap by interviewing residents along 140 km of the United States side of the farthest southeastern border with Mexico (n = 402). After controlling for demographic variables, urban background (β = 0.13) and land ownership (β = −0.19) predicted attitudes regarding wildlife ownership (p < .05). Most exurban respondents considered wildlife public property (72%), and rural respondents were divided (48% considered wildlife public property). Non-Latino whites demonstrated a stronger positive correlation between land ownership and considering wildlife private property (r p = 0.81) than Latinos (r p = 0.23). These results suggest exurban immigrants will strengthen support for public ownership of wildlife in borderland contexts. The positive relationship between agricultural land ownership and thinking wildlife should be private property may weaken in borde...
A high‐resolution analysis of chromatin structure along p53 sequences

A detailed investigation of how nucleosomes are formed and arranged on the DNA sequence is a prerequisite to understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, DNA repair, and mutagenesis. In this report we analyzed the chromatin structure of exons 5–8 of the p53 gene in human fibroblasts. We mapped at the nucleotide level the positions of DNase I and micrococcal nuclease cleavage sites in permeabilized cells. Areas of clear DNase I protection, which would be indicative of the binding of sequence-specific proteins, were not detected. Instead, the micrococcal nuclease and DNase digestion patterns suggested that this region was covered by nucleosomes and that two areas spanning exons 5 and 6 are occupied preferentially. These nucleosomes could influence DNA damage distribution, repair of certain lesions, and other aspects of the mutagenesis process in p53 sequences. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Folate-Related Genes and Omphalocele

Women who take folic acid in the periconceptional period greatly reduce their chances of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD). Using multivitamins may also reduce the risk of having a child with an omphalocele. In this study, we tested single nucleotide polymorphisms in folate-related enzyme genes for association with omphalocele. Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1), the reduced folate carrier (SLC19A1), and transcobalamin II (TCN2) were examined in 25 children with euploid omphalocele and 59 matched controls. Omphalocele cases were significantly more likely to carry the T allele of MTHFR 677C T, a known risk factor for NTDs (odds ratio 3.50, 95% confidence interval 1.07–11.47, P = 0.035). The MTHFD1 R653Q, SLC19A1 R27H, and TCN2 P259R polymorphisms showed no significant association with omphalocele. In this small study, the thermolabile variant of MTHFR, 677C T, was associated with an increased risk for omphalocele. This variant causes reduced enzyme activity, thus suggesting a mechanism by which multivitamins with folic acid might prevent omphalocele. Additional investigation is required. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Hierarchical Memory Architecture with NoC Support for MPSoC on FPGAs

This paper presents a memory hierarchy with the support of network-on-chip (NoC) for MPSoC systems. The memory hierarchy consists of a shared global memory and private local memories. Each core in the system is equipped with two local memories, one for instructions and one for data. Those local memories are connected through a NoC for efficient data communication. We tested two different settings of NoC. In the first setting, the NoC (NoC-p) is configured to an application-specific routing before the application is executed on the MPSoC platform. In the second setting, the NoC (NoC-g) is implemented as a generic mesh so that the same platform can be used for any application. We use both a data pipelining synthetic benchmark and a 3D FFT real-life application on platforms with NoC and compared them with the platform with bus. The results show that the NoCs can reduce the inter-core data communication time by more than 4 times compared with the bus. Further, the generic NoC-g is more than 2 times efficient than the application-specific NoC-p due to (1) the wider internal data width, and (2) the more flexible routing mechanisms.
A family resemblance

We are closely related to other apes, but how similar are we really? In Our Inner Ape, Frans de Waal (an author in this week's chimpanzee genome special, page 56) unbundles the many misconceptions about the evolution of the social behaviour of primates for the nonspecialist reader. En route we learn that chimpanzees are from Mars and bonobos (‘pygmy’ chimpanzees) from Venus, though not literally. And that neither reflects what we were in our ancestral past.
What does Landau theory tell us about the orientational state of fullerenes

Various orientation transitions in the fullerenes are described within the Landau theory of phase transitions. Among these we review the description of the orientational ordering transition from an fcc to an sc unit cell which occurs in undoped C60 at a temperature T≈260 K. We also discuss the symmetry of the orientational glass transition which is found via elastic neutron scattering at T≈90 K. We comment on the seemingly spurious transition (so called “2-a transition”) which was claimed to double the size of the unit cell from simple cubic to fcc with eight molecules per unit cell. We also discuss the orientational state of the doped systems M3C60, where M denotes an alkali metal. In this system the C60 molecules are restricted to two “standard” orientations. The resulting Ising model has antiferromagnetic nearest neighbor interactions and nonnegligible four-spin interactions whose properties have recently been discussed. The Landau description of the orientational ordering in C70 is also presented. Here we include a description of the elastic distortion which accompanies orientational ordering.
The dating of Lantian man and his significance for analyzing trends in human evolution.

The Lantian fossil hominid cranium from Southern Shensi Province, China, provides the earliest record of Homo erectus in northern east Asia, and is morphologically the most primitive specimen in the entire world. Importantly, the Kungwangling Lantian cranium (calvarium plus face), with associated stone tools in good geologic and paleontological context, is demonstrably both earlier and more primitive than the Choukoutien I remains. Faunal and palynological evidence support a mid-Mosbachium equivalent age (some 700,000 years). These facts are not recognized in the original Chinese reports. The Chenchiawo Lantian mandible, like the Choukoutien I remains, is attributable to the Holstein-equivalent in China (some 300,000 years ago), and therefore should no longer be temporally associated with the Kungwangling Lantian cranium. However, that the mandible may be morphologically associated with either calls attention to the relative independence of the mandible in human evolution. A comparative study of some modern Mongoloid populations in which very large mandibles may or may not be associated with a scaphoid keel or sagittal elevation depending upon the size and shape of the cranium demonstrates the relative autonomy of the mandible. Continuing selection pressure for a masticatory complex with large jaws provides another point of continuity between East Asian fossil and modern Mongoloid hunting populations such as Eskimos and Aleuts. A number of morphological features of the cranium, especially vault thickness, cranial capacity and reinforcement system, conform to expectation and confirm a general trend of reduction in vault thickness and reinforcement system with increase in cranial capacity over time within the single human species.
Trends in the Lake Trout Fishery of Lake Huron Through 1946

Abstract The production of lake trout, Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum), in the United States waters of Lake Huron was highest in the earliest years for which there are statistical records, averaging 2,362,000 pounds in 1879–1894. The general level of yield was much lower but relatively stable in 1895–1939, during which period the catch averaged 1,685,000 pounds. The most recent years have seen a rapid and calamitous decline in the output; setting a new record low each year, the take decreased from 940,000 pounds in 1940 to only 38,000 pounds in 1946. The production of lake trout in the Canadian waters of Lake Huron was generally low from 1867 up to about 1883, apparently because the fishery was then in the process of development. After 1882 the yield was relatively high for 26 years and then fell away progressively as the following averages of production in pounds for different periods show: (1883–1908) Huron proper–1,749,000, Georgian Bay (including the North Channel)–2,475,000, Canadian total–4,224,000;...
Reflections on Codes of Conduct: Asymmetries, Vulnerabilities, and Institutional Controls.

This chapter discusses asymmetries that exist in both positional and professional authority, the relations between main campus stakeholders, and the vulnerabilities that are presented by such power differentials. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the deterrence, detection, and sanctioning of violations of tenets of codes of conduct.
A Portable Spectrophotometer-Based Breathalyzer for Point-of-Care Testing of Diabetic Patients

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the lack of sufficient insulin. This disease has become a national epidemic in the United States, and therapy non-adherence has become one of the largest precursors leading to diabetic sequelae such as diabetic ketoacidosis. A potential source of patient therapy negligence is the discomfort associated with the finger prick method of glucose monitoring. As a result, a less invasive method to monitor diabetes is sought. This paper describes a portable breathalyzer that is being developed to monitor acetone in the breath of a diabetic patient. The proposed design aims to eliminate the finger prick through a simplified approach for monitoring acetone levels in correlation to elevated glucose levels, thus determining the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Sharp estimates and the Dirac operator

This paper establishes and extends a conjecture posed by M. Gromov which states that every riemannian metric $g$ on $S^n$ that strictly dominates the standard metric $g_0$ must have somewhere scalar curvature strictly less than that of $g_0$ . More generally, if $M$ is any compact spin manifold of dimension $n$ which admits a distance decreasing map $f:M \rightarrow S^n$ of non-zero degree, then either there is a point $x \in M$ with normalized scalar curvature $\tilde{\kappa}(x)< 1$ , or $M$ is isometric to $S^n$ . The distance decreasing hypothesis can be replaced by the weaker assumption $f$ is contracting on $2$ -forms. In both cases, the results are sharp. An explicit counterexample is given to show that the result is no longer valid if one replaces 2-forms by $k$ -forms with $k \geq 3$ .
Ion association in natural brines

Abstract Natural brines, both surface and subsurface, are highly associated aqueous solutions. Ion complexes in brines may be ion pairs in which the cation remains fully hydrated and the bond between the ions is essentially electrostatic, or coordination complexes in which one or more of the hydration water molecules are replaced by covalent bonds to the anion. Except for Cl − , the major simple ions in natural brines form ion pairs; trace and minor metals in brines form mainly coordination complexes. Limitations of the Debye-Huckel relations for activity coefficients and lack of data on definition and stability of all associated species in concentrated solutions tend to produce underestimates of the degree of ion association, except where the brines contain a very high proportion of Cl − . Data and calculations on closed basin brines of highly varied composition have been coupled with electrode measurements of single-ion activities in an attempt to quantify the degree of ion association. Such data emphasize the role of magnesium complexes. Trace metal contents of closed basin brines are related to complexes formed with major anions. Alkaline sulfo- or chlorocarbonate brines (western Great Basin) carry significant trace metal contents apparently as hydroxides or hydroxy polyions. Neutral high chloride brines (Bonneville Basin) are generally deficient in trace metals. With a knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of a natural water, many possible reactions with other phases (solids, gases, other liquids) may be predicted. A knowledge of these reactions is particularly important in the study of natural brines which may be saturated with many solid phases (silicates, carbonates, sulfates, etc.), which may have a high pH and bring about dissolution of other phases (silica, amphoteric hydroxides, CO 2 , etc.), and which because of their high density may form relatively stable interfaces with dilute waters.
Prolonged beneficial effects of dobutamine in refractory heart failure--case histories.

Two patients with refractory congestive heart failure were treated with do butamine for forty-eight to seventy-two hours with close monitoring of weight and symptomatology. After two to four cycles of dobutamine treatment, 1 pa tient showed sustained hemodynamic benefit after six months, whereas the sec ond patient had partial improvement. At the end of a one-year follow-up, both had sustained improvement in effort tolerance, documented by a stress test. The quality of life has markedly improved, and they have not required further hos pital care.
Challenges in Designing Open Systems

Open systems offer a building block approach to development that follows sound software engineering principles: well-defined interfaces, information hiding, weak coupling, and layers of abstraction. Open system standards define the basic system building blocks, providing a foundation for reuse, interoperability, and evolution. But there are new challenges to address with this approach: where do standards belong in an architecture? Which standards are the right ones to use? Are there commercial products that implement the standards? This paper provides some insights based on experiences in developing a standards-based architecture for migrating a large, complex legacy system to an open system.
Effect of periodic unsteadiness on heat transfer in a turbulent boundary layer downstream of a cylinder-wall junction

Abstract The heat transport and wall heat transfer in a turbulent boundary layer downstream of a cylinder-wall junction has been investigated experimentally. The heat transfer effect of local periodic, large-scale unsteadiness, as a result of vortex shedding from the cylinder, was examined using a conditional data-sampling and analysis technique that separated the large-scale periodic motion from the background turbulence. Detailed measurements of temperature and velocity were obtained using a cold wire and a custom-designed heat-flux probe. Thin-film, heat-flux surface sensors were used to obtain the time-resolved wall heat flux. Experiments were conducted approximately 5 diameters downstream of the leading edge of the cylinder, at Re D = 36,000 and Re L = 970,000. The boundary-layer transport and wall heat transfer were affected by the presence of large-scale periodic unsteadiness arising from vortex shedding in a region spanning approximately 2 diameters on either side of the cylinder. Large-scale fluctuations of the time-resolved wall-Stanton number were caused by the thinning and thickening of the near-wall thermal layer by periodic fluctuations in the vertical component of velocity.
Application of Factorial and Response Surface Methodology in Modern Experimental Design and Optimization

This article critically examines the use of factorial and response surface methodology in modern experimental design and optimization. A survey of important screening and optimization techniques in the literature since 2000 are presented. Current applications in biological, environmental and pharmaceutical analysis, food technology and industrial-related processes are examined.
Evidence of Wild Juvenile Lake Trout Recruitment in Western Lake Michigan

Abstract Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush were extirpated from Lake Michigan by the early 1950s, and as part of an effort to restore naturally reproducing populations, hatchery-reared fish have been stocked since the early 1960s. Stocked fish are marked with a fin clip to differentiate them from wild, lake-produced Lake Trout; marking error for the 2007–2010 year-classes of Lake Trout stocked by federal hatcheries averaged 3.0%. Egg deposition, emergent fry, and wild juvenile Lake Trout have previously been observed, but no sustained wild recruitment has been measured in assessment surveys or in sport and commercial fishery catches. In 2011 and 2012, we caught juvenile Lake Trout in gill-net and bottom trawl catches that were targeting Bloater Coregonus hoyi in water depths greater than 80 m. Unclipped, wild Lake Trout represented 20% of all Lake Trout caught in a southern offshore region of Lake Michigan. In northwestern Lake Michigan wild recruits represented from 10% to 27% of the 2007–2009 year-classes...
An Analysis of Drum Storage Units

This article discusses the modeling and analysis of drum-like storage units. Two common forms of drum organizations and two common scheduling disciplines are considered: the file drum and the paging drum; first-in-first-out (FIFO) scheduling and shortest-latency-time-first (SLTF) scheduling. The modeling of the I/O requests to the drum is an important aspect of this analysis. Measurements are presented to indicate that it is realistic to model requests for records, or blocks of information to a file drum, as requests that have starting addresses uniformly distributed around the circumference of the drum and transfer times that are exponentially distributed with a mean of 1/2 to 1/3 of a drum revolution. The arrival of I/O requests is first assumed to be a Poisson process and then generalized to the case of a computer system with a finite degree of multiprogramming. An exact analysis of all the models except the SLTF file drum is presented; in this case the complexity of the drum organization has forced us to accept an approximate analysis. In order to examine the error introduced into the analysis of the SLTF file drum by our approximations, the results of the analytic models are compared to a simulation model of the SLTF file drum.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Fear of Falling in Older Adults

Fear of falling is a potential cause of excess disability and an emerging public health problem. This study explores fear of falling in a longitudinal study of falls to determine incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for developing fear of falling. Prospective cohort study with annual follow-up for 2 years, conducted in a large urban metropolitan area, included 890 community-dwelling older adults-approximately equal numbers in four age groups over the age of 65. Demographic data, falls, injuries, balance, fear of falling, cognition, health, and functional status were collected through annual interviews. The prevalence of fear of falling increased over 2 years from 23 to 43%; the incidence averaged 22.5% in the 2 follow-up years. Having two or more falls, feeling unsteady, and reporting fair or poor health status were independent risk factors for developing fear of falling. The incidence and prevalence of fear of falling is significant among community-dwelling older adults and has the potential to impact function and quality of life. Public health nurses should consider fear of falling in practice, in developing screening and health programs for older adults, and as an important avenue for further research.
Trapping Brownian ensemble optimally using Broadcast Stochastic Receding Horizon Control

Collision of suspended entities with surrounding molecules in a fluid environment leads to random movements of these entities, known as Brownian motion. Suppression of this motion in a Brownian ensemble has recently become essential for facilitating emerging applications in biology and in micro and nano scale self-assembled systems. How optimally this suppression can be performed remains an open question of great interest to both the natural science and the control engineering communities. In this paper, we address this question theoretically by introducing a novel ''Broadcast Stochastic Receding Horizon Control'' strategy for trapping an ensemble of non-interacting Brownian particles. The strategy designs a control input, independent of the number of particles, using measurements from a single particle as the only available feedback information and broadcasts it to all particles in the ensemble. We show the existence of a minimum region in which all particles can be driven and trapped indefinitely using the proposed control action. Under specific conditions, we guarantee the trapping of all particles in this region with probability 1. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our control design in a simulation environment by trapping 100 Brownian particles in one, two and three dimensional homogeneous medium.
The Adults and Immature Stages of Aedes Muelleri Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) muelleri Dyar, 1920 is one of the rarer North American mosquitoes. Up to 1956 only four specimens, two of each sex, had been reported in the literature and nothing had been published regarding the immature stages or breeding places of this species. Dyar (1920: 81–2) described muelleri from one male and one female collected in Mexico City by Juan Muller. He twice described (Dyar, 1922a: 92–3; 1922b: 55) as new Aedes iridipennis from a single female collected in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona by C. H. T. Townsend, and later (Dyar, 1.928: 172) synonymized it with muelleri. Martini (1935: 51) reported a second male, identified on the basis of the genitalia, from Chapingo, Federal District, Mexico.
Functional equation helps in finding affine-covariant probability distributions

To select variables which provide the most relevant clustering, researchers use a probability density f that depends on the means E and the covariance matrix C of the data. Under the assumption that the distributions are normal, this density becomes proportional to f(C) = |det(C)|α for some real value α, where det(C) is the determinant of the matrix C. This function is affine-covariant in the sense that the ratios of the two density values do not change under an arbitrary affine transformation. In this paper, we show that only the functions f(C) = |det(C)|α satisfy the functional equation $$\frac{f(E,C)}{f(E',C')}= \frac{f(U^TE+S,U^TCU)}{f(U^TE'+S,U^TC'U)}$$ that describes affine covariance. This result justifies the use of the functions f(C) = |det(C)|α in non-Gaussian situations as well.
The promise and perils of building a co-management regime: An institutional assessment of New Zealand fisheries management between 1999 and 2005

Abstract This article uses a longitudinal survey (1999–2005) of commercial stakeholder organizations (CSOs) to assess the development, strengths and weaknesses of New Zealand's fisheries co-management over its first six years. After presenting the current characteristics and activities of CSOs, the institutional analysis and development (IAD) Framework is used to examine the regime. Results show a pattern of strengths and weaknesses with some areas substantially improved since earlier waves of the survey, while other areas have experienced surprising setbacks. These results suggest that in 2005 the regime remained fragile. Finally, New Zealand's recent move towards inshore “Shared Fisheries” management is explored in light of these findings.
Towards a More Liberating Black Liberation Theology

This article explores the appropriation of anger in Black theology. It argues that Black liberation theologians construct theology out of their anger over perceived injustices in society. However, they have failed to correctly appropriate their anger by naming it and developing constructive outlets for this anger. The Black church can benefit from an explicitly articulated anger. Suggestions are offered for better utility of anger in Black liberation theology.
Suppression of Instabilities in Low-Density Jets via Density-Profile Control

A numerical study is conducted to understand the global instability of very low-density jets (as encountered in thermal plasmas). The simulations have been carried out for different density ratios, S = ρj /ρ∞, ranging from 0.5 to 0.01, and different Reynolds numbers. The results show that the global instability mode exists in the range of density ratios investigated. A strategy for reducing the instability by altering the density profile of the surrounding gas stream is explored. Specifically, a ramp density profile or a step shape with an outward offset was studied, and it was observed that there was a reduction in the instability amplitude with the modified density profiles. Such a lowering in the instability fluctuations can be beneficial in stabilizing the thermal plasma behavior.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Alkylation of nucleic acids by N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine: Evidence that carbonium ions are not significantly involved

Administration of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine to rats leads to the formation of 7-n-propylguanine but not 7-isopropylguanine in hepatic DNA. For RNA, a small amount of the rearranged adduct is formed. Alkylation of DNA and RNA therefore appears to occur primarily via a bimolecular reaction rather than a unimolecular pathway involving free alkyl cations.
Evolution of equilibrium forms of a two-dimensional Kossel crystal in a vapor diffusion field: A Monte Carlo simulation.

We introduce a Monte Carlo model for the evolution of equilibrium interface morphologies from initially fully faceted (straight) forms. The two-dimensional model integrates the stochastic occupation of surface sites and the diffusive exchange of particles with the surrounding vapor phase, other surface sites and the underlying bulk solid. Neither lattice gas nor solid-on-solid (SOS) restrictions are imposed. The exchange processes are associated with energy barriers, the absence of which is shown to result, in particular at low temperatures, in physically unrealistic transition probabilities. For medium-sized model crystals, the averaged shapes obtained through time averaging over a large number of instantaneous configurations agree well with equilibrium shapes resulting from analytical models. The interface widths are considerably larger than those resulting from SOS models, without significant increase in the surface roughness. Crystal-size-dependent collective motions of solid particles in the interfacial region are observed. On larger crystals the surface shape fluctuations have the character of capillary waves. These results provide a new link between the macroscopic, thermodynamic shape of the interface and the microscopic origin of interface roughness.
THE FORMATION AND ISOLATION OF LONG-CHAIN ACYL CARNITINES IN MITOCHONDRIA.

Using [14C]carrnitine and [14C]palmitate as substrates, a compound of camitine and long-chain fatty acids was isolated from beef-heart mitochondria by a series of chromatographic procedures. Further analysis showed that it contains neither phosphorus nor glycerol and is therefore considered to represent acyl carnitine. The formation of the compound and fatty acid oxidation were simultaneously stimulated by camitine.
The Subposet Lattice and the Order Polynomial

The structure of the lattice of all subposets of a fixed poset is explored. This lattice is then used to prove some identities for the order polynomial of that poset.
An Empirical Investigation of the Psychological Sequelae of Childhood Sexual Abuse in an Adult Latina Population

This study examined the effects of childhood sexual abuse on perceived social support among Latino women using the Self-In-Relation theoretical orientation and the Comprehensive Model of Trauma Impact to examine the impact of child sexual abuse. Participants included 54 Latina survivors of child sexual abuse seeking mental health services. The relationship between affective distress, interpersonal sensitivity, and perceived social support was investigated. Findings revealed depression was a statistically significant predictor of interpersonal sensitivity, sr(3, 49) = .45, p < .005) and of perceived social support for both Important Person, r(47) = –.34, p < .05, and People in Personal Life, r(47) = –.38, p < .01. Clinical implications are discussed from a Latino cultural perspective.