cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol Regulates Monocyte Rolling through CD44 Distribution

Cholesterol is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis, due to its active uptake by monocytes/macrophages. Monocyte recruitment from flowing blood to atherosclerotic foci is the key first step in the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol content alters cell membrane stiffness, and lateral lipid and protein diffusion. We hypothesized that cholesterol content will modulate the recruitment of monocytes to inflamed endothelial surface by altering the dynamics of adhesion receptors. We depleted or enriched the cellular cholesterol levels using methyl-β-cyclodextran in freshly isolated human monocytes. We investigated the effect of these changes on the mechanics of monocyte rolling on E-selectin surfaces at 1 dyn/cm2 in microchannels. Using imaging flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy, we characterized the distribution of lipid rafts and the E-selectin counterreceptor CD44 on the monocyte surface. We observed that lower levels of cholesterol resulted in the uniform, CD44-mediated rolling of monocytes on the E-selectin-coated surfaces. We also observed that cells depleted of cholesterol had higher membrane fluidity, and more uniform distribution of CD44 counterreceptor, which resulted in smooth motion of the cells compared to cells enriched with cholesterol. This work demonstrates that cholesterol can modulate monocyte adhesion by regulating the receptor mobility, and our results provide insights into the biophysical regulation of inflammation for the better understanding of diseases like atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.
An OT Analysis of Efik Contrastive Verbal Reduplication

This paper provides an optimality-theoretic analysis of two types of contrastive verbal reduplication in Efik (Niger-Congo; Nigeria). Lexical contrast reduplication puts contrastive focus on the meaning of the verb while performance contrast reduplication puts contrastive focus on the tense/aspect of the verb. Lexical contrast and performance contrast reduplication have distinct phonological patterns in the affirmative but do not contrast in the negative, giving rise to three patterns (Cook 1985). I posit three verbal reduplicants, RED NEG , RED LEX , and RED PRF , and derive their segmental and tonal properties in Generalized Template Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1995). I propose that RED LEX and RED PRF are affixes while RED NEG is a root. RED LEX and RED PRF exhibit TETU effects that RED NEG does not, including onset cluster simplification, coda deletion, monosyllabicity, and the absence of high vowels. These effects are derived by ranking various markedness constraints between IO and BR-Root faithfulness and BR faithfulness. As a root, RED NEG has faithful tones. I analyze the polar tone of RED LEX as a case of alternating fixed autosegmentism (a TETU effect driven by the OCP) and the fixed high tone of RED PRF as a case of morphological fixed autosegmentism. Finally, the constraint *HLH explains the tonal behavior of LH verbs.
Specific Histidine Residues Confer Histatin Peptides with Copper-Dependent Activity against Candida albicans.

The histidine-rich salivary peptides of the histatin family are known to bind copper (Cu) and other metal ions in vitro; however, the details of these interactions are poorly understood, and their implications for in vivo antifungal activity have not been established. Here, we show that the availability of Cu during exposure of Candida albicans to histatin-5 (Hist-5) modulates its antifungal activity. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that co-treatment of Hist-5 with Cu improved the EC50 from ∼5 to ∼1 μM, whereas co-treatment with a high-affinity Cu-specific chelator abrogated antifungal activity. Spectrophotometric titrations revealed two previously unrecognized Cu(I)-binding sites with apparent Kd values at pH 7.4, ∼20 nM, and confirmed a high-affinity Cu(II)-binding site at the Hist-5 N-terminus with an apparent Kd of ∼8 pM. Evaluation of a series of His-to-Ala full-length and truncated Hist-5 peptides identified adjacent His residues (bis-His) as critical anchors for Cu(I) binding, with the p...
Fairness in Cultural Context

Experimental economics games and ethnographic research with Samburu communities in Northern Kenya demonstrate that what is considered “fair” in a game appears to depend on culturally specific norms, particularly those related to ownership and sharing. When the Dictator Game (DG) was contextualized to resemble a familiar case of meat sharing, players divided the stake very differently than in the abstract version of the DG. In this case, they divided the “meat” (stake) according to local rules or norms that require a certain pattern of sharing. The determination of what constituted a fair division of the stake also seemed to vary depending on how ownership of the stake was construed—if the player making the division perceived him/herself as owning the stake, more was retained than if ownership was perceived as joint. Furthermore, ethnographic evidence suggested that different types of goods and different situations would yield different degrees of sharing and punishment behavior, again, according to locally accepted norms. Thus, although experimental games provide insights into broad patterns of behavior across cultures, we also need to be attentive to variations that rely on local, culturally specific norms of behavior.
A secure architecture for IoT with supply chain risk management

We proposes the development of a cyber-secure, Internet of Things (IoT), supply chain risk management architecture. The proposed architecture is designed to reduce vulnerabilities of malicious supply chain risks by applying machine learning (ML), cryptographic hardware monitoring (CHM), and distributed system coordination (DSC) techniques to mitigate the consequences of unforeseen (including general component failure) threats. In combination, these crosscutting technologies will be integrated into Instrumentation-and-Control/Operator-in-the-Loop (ICOL) architecture to learn normal and abnormal system behaviors. The detection of absolute or perceived abnormal system-component behaviors will trigger an ICOL alert that will require an operator's manual verification-response action (i.e., that the detected alert is, or is not a viable control system threat). The operator's verification-response will be fed back into the ML systems to recalibrate the perceived normal or abnormal state of the system's behavior.
REGULATION OF HUMAN GLUTAMINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLPYROPHOSPHATE AMIDOTRANSFERASE BY INTERCONVERSION OF TWO FORMS OF THE ENZYME

ABSTRACT. Human glutamine PP-ribose-P amidotransferase (PP-ribose-P amidotransferase) catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in purine biosynthesis de novo . The catalytic activity of the enzyme is determined by the relative concentrations of purine ribonucleotides (feedback inhibitors) and PP-ribose-P (substrate). Two interconvertible forms of the enzyme with molecular weights of 133,000 and 270,000 have been identified. The small form of the enzyme is converted into the large form in the presence of purine ribonucleotides. The large form of the enzyme is converted into the small form in the presence of PP-ribose-P. Enzyme activity correlates directly with the amount of PP-ribose-P amidotransferase present in the small form of the enzyme. These studies provide a molecular basis for understanding the regulation of purine biosynthesis de novo by PP-ribose-P and purine ribonucleotides in man.
Hyper-entanglement preservation in quantum optical circuits

Secure optical data links can be implemented using quantum communication (QC) protocols that offer physical-layer encryption without the mathematical complexity of traditional cryptography. Data encoding can be achieved using polarization entanglement and it is further proposed to obtain additional degrees of freedom for each single particle quantum state by using hyper-entanglement. For example, multiple carrier signals arriving at the same time can be assigned specific frequencies in the 100 GHz International Telecommunication Union (ITU) grid and be processed simultaneously by a receiver that uses a hyperspectral quantum optical circuit. In this paper, we address preservation of hyper-entanglement as the signals propagate through optical components of the quantum circuits and encounter their realistic properties.
Market Concentration and Structural Power as Sources of Industrial Productivity

This is a discussion about productivity variation among U.S. industries. Sociologists rarely study productivity, and when they do, it is most often in the terms and using the theories of economists (e.g., Galle, Wiswell, and Burr, 1985). The most common notion of productivity is that it reflects the effort of productive actors in organizational settings (i.e., firms), particularly the quality of labor and the extent of capital investment. This chapter argues that variations in productivity must be understood in terms of the power that producers have to set prices as well. In effect, I am extending the intra-organizational analysis of productivity as the efficiency with which products are created to an interorganizational sensibility that value is determined by the power of sellers in product markets. The degree of market concentration for a product, the structural power of producers (i.e., industry) in the larger economy, and the concentration of consumers will all effect the price for which a product can be sold.
Reasoning with orders of magnitude and approximate relations

The O[M] formalism for representing orders of magnitude and approximate relations is described, based on seven primitive relations among quantities. Along with 21 compound relations, they permit expression and solution of engineering. problems without explicit disjunction or negation. In the semantics of the relations, strict interpretation allows exact inferences, while heuristic interpretation allows inferences more aggressive and human-like but not necessarily error-free. Inference strategies within O[M] are based on propagation of order of magnitude relations through properties of the relations, solved or unsolved algebraic constraints, and rules. Assumption-based truth-maintenance is used, and the physical dimensions of quantities efficiently constrain the inferences. Statement of goals allows more effective employment of the constraints and focuses the system's opportunistic forward reasoning. Examples on the analysis of biochemical pathways are presented.
Genetic diagnosis of the hypotonic newborn

Assessment of hypotonic newborn babies implies not only neurological studies, but; also new methods of molecular genetics, to reach a diagnosis of the aetiology. The Prader-Willi, Werdnig-Hoffmann and Myotonic Dystrophy syndromes are three conditions with neurological symptoms which have recently been defined at a molecular level.
The Effect of Pre-Testing in a Private Pilot Fundamentals Class

The positive effect of pre-testing in an Introduction to Aerospace class at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) has been previously documented and published. The purpose of this study was to apply the same study methodology to a different group of students, those who were enrolled in the Private Pilot Fundamentals class at MTSU in the spring of 2007. One section of the course was given a pre-test at the beginning of each unit of study, while another section was given a list of learning objectives for each unit. The subsequent unit post-test performance of each class was analyzed. Based on the results, pre-testing was found to be a useful learning aid for students in terms of subsequent post-test performance. However, it was not as helpful for the Private Pilot Fundamentals students as it was for the Introduction to Aerospace students in the previous study.
Questions and Some Answers

The view of intention and agency sketched in these chapters seems coherent in itself. It also seems to me to accord with the variety of data we have considered. While it is not as unified and systematic as some simpler theories, it attains a comprehensiveness which simpler views lack since simpler theories are often based on a narrower range of cases of action, for instance, on actions undertaken in fully intentionally pursuing conscious plans of action. As well, the present theory of agency is anchored in an activist, naturalist view. I have argued that the dualistic conception of the agent as an all powerful source of volitions is too fantastic to be taken seriously. Ethological ways of thinking should replace the Cartesian model of action. Evolutionary thinking should, together with human developmental studies, make a suitable view of action and agency sensitive to the continuity within all animal activity, from the reactive but controlled to the planned and calculated.
Method optimization for spin probe-based electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic detection of oxidative species

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with spin traps/probes are less ambiguous for oxidative species detection compared to chemiluminescence, immunoassays, or fluorescent probes. The spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5tetramethyl pyrrolidine hydrochloride (CMH) reacts with extra- and intracellular one-electron oxidants generating the EPR detectable radical, CM•. Though CMH is widely utilized in enzymatic systems, cell cultures, and in vivo models using fresh or frozen samples, we observed significant variability in these applications. This study aimed to optimize methodology to increase consistency in CMH/EPR measurements. To minimize CMH auto-oxidation, we tested the effects of various concentrations of metal chelating agents: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), diethyldithiocarbamate, deferoxamine mesylate, or Chelex®. Our results indicated that 1mM DTPA most optimally decreased the rate of CMH auto-oxidation (CM• generation), from 0.44 to 0.17µM/min for 0.5mM CMH in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Given that continuous auto-oxidation was still present, we suggest that the CM• generation rate over time be used as a quantitative outcome instead of a single CM• measurement, as is commonly employed. To control for probe autooxidation in our samples, the rate of CMH auto-oxidation was subtracted from the rate of CM• generation to determine the basal CMH-detectable oxidants produced in non-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cells were suspended in PBS containing 1mM DTPA and 0.5mM CMH and were maintained at room temperature. Aliquots of these samples at various time points were utilized to measure CM• generation directly or were snap-frozen with CM• generation measured at 150K. Using fresh samples, the rate of CM• generation was proportional to cell concentration (3.55±0.61 pmol/min/106cells, R2=0.792). In contrast, 150K measurements using frozen samples had significant variability (R2=0.519). Our data indicate that utilizing the rate of CM• generation, minus the rate of CMH autooxidation, in fresh samples is optimal for CMH/EPR measurements. Future studies will implement these methods in our cell culture and in vivo models.
Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters Based on the Backscattered Echo Power Signal as Biomarkers of Cervical Remodeling: A Longitudinal Study in the Pregnant Rhesus Macaque

Abstract Clinical prediction and especially prevention of abnormal birth timing, particularly pre-term, is poor. The cervix plays a key role in birth timing; it first serves as a rigid barrier to protect the developing fetus, then becomes the pathway to delivery of that fetus. Imaging biomarkers to define this remodeling process could provide insights to improve prediction of birth timing and elucidate novel targets for preventive therapies. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) approaches that appear promising for this purpose include shear wave speed (SWS) estimation to quantify softness, as well as parameters based on backscattered power, such as the mean backscattered power difference (mBSPD) and specific attenuation coefficient (SAC), to quantify the organization of tissue microstructure. Invasive studies in rodents demonstrated that as pregnancy advances, cervical microstructure disorganizes as tissue softness and compliance increase. Our non-invasive studies in pregnant women and rhesus macaques suggested that QUS can detect these microstructural changes in vivo. Our previous study in the same cohort showed a progressive decline in SWS during pregnancy, consistent with increasing tissue softness, and we hypothesized that backscatter parameters would also decrease, consistent with increasing microstructural disorganization. In this study, we analyzed the mBSPD and SAC in the cervices of rhesus macaques (n = 18). We found that both mBSPD and SAC decreased throughout pregnancy (p
Evaluation of Short-term Outcomes Following Overlapping Urologic Surgery at a Large Academic Medical Center.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of overlapping surgery on the risk of adverse outcomes in urologic surgery. METHODS Coarsened exact matching was used to assess the impact of overlap on outcomes among urologic surgical interventions (n = 4853) over 2 years (2013-2015) at 1 health system. Overlap was categorized as any overlap, beginning overlap or end overlap. Study subjects were matched 1:1 on 11 clinically relevant variables. Serious unanticipated events were studied. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-four patients had any overlap and were matched (n = 575, a 75.47% match rate). For beginning/end overlap, matched groups were created (n = 108/83 patients, match rate was 83.07/75.45%, respectively). Among matched patients, any overlap did not predict unanticipated return to surgery at 30 or 90 days. Any overlap predicted neither reoperation, readmission, or ER visits at 30 or 90 days. Overlap patients showed no difference in mortality during follow-up. Beginning/end overlap had a similar lack of association with serious unanticipated events. CONCLUSION Nonconcurrent overlapping surgery is not associated with adverse outcomes in a large, matched urologic surgery population across 1 academic health system.
The role of gender in political violence

Gender plays a prominent role in many aspects of political violence. First, it contributes to its occurrence. Second, sexual violence causes enormous suffering during conflict. Last, sustainable peacekeeping depends on female inclusion and participation. The prominence of gender in political violence rests on the dominance of men over women in many aspects of political, social and economic life. Inequities in family law and perversions in the marriage market, especially polygyny, contribute to the perpetuation of male dominance hierarchies in ways that increase the likelihood and costs of political violence for everyone.
Spine surgery is kyphosing to spine surgeon

Spine surgery is a demanding surgical specialty which requires surgeons to operate for hours on end, often compromising good posture. Sustained poor posture in the operating room (OR) can be the source of many adverse health effects on spine surgeons. This study will analyze posture of a spine surgeon in different types of spine surgery cases. Posture of a surgeon was measured using the UPRIGHT Posture Training Device. The device was worn by the surgeon in the OR through a wide variety of spine surgery cases. The percent time spent slouched while performing cervical, adult deformity, and lumbar spine surgeries is 39.9, 58.9, and 38.6, respectively. For all surgeries recorded, the percent time slouched is 41.6. The average procedure time was 145.3 min, with adult deformity cases on average being the longest (245.6 min) followed by cervical (152.9 min) and then lumbar (122.5 min). Poor posture while operating is very likely to occur for many spine surgeons regardless of case type. This poor posture is maintained for long periods of time given the average spine surgery procedure recorded in the study was roughly 2.5 h long. Spine surgeons should be aware of the tendency for poor posture while operating, and they should try using posture-improving techniques to maintain good spine health.
10.8 A 4-Element 500MHz-Modulated-BW 40mW 6b 1GS/s Analog-Time-to-Digital-Converter-Enabled Spatial Signal Processor in 65nm CMOS

Next-generation phased-array systems with large modulated bandwidths (BW) and high energy efficiency will enable Gb/s wireless communications. The spatial signal processing at this large scale using state-of-the-art phase-shifter (PS)-based arrays causes unsolved challenges in dense interference-limited networks with large modulated BWs. In addition, the need for frequency-independent array gain demands low-complexity and energy/area-efficient true-time-delay(TTD)-based spatial signal processing. Recent works have demonstrated beam-nulling [1], [2] and beamforming [2]–[4] for PS and TTD systems. In [1], a baseband(BB)-to-RF impedance translation is used for beam nulling with a swept single tone only. In [2], an autonomous spatial filter without external controls is implemented for large modulated BW. However, its PS-based method introduces frequency-dependent filtering for applications at lower RF carrier frequencies (large fractional BWs). To avoid beam-squint in beamforming, the digital TTD-based beamformer is implemented in [3] with 100MHz BW; however, the required 16 ADCs (1/element) increases the overall RX power consumption. In [4], a 100MHz analog BB beamforming architecture implementing TTD in the clock path is shown. However, the switched-capacitor implementation is insufficient to support large modulated BWs with high energy efficiency for next-generation communication links.
Preservice mathematics teachers understanding of mode

This paper explores two preservice mathematics teachers' understanding of mode. Participants' initial understanding and understanding following use of an interactive virtual manipulative is examined. Findings suggest that participants initially operated with less-effective definitions of mode. Preservice teachers' developed understanding following a learning trajectory is discussed.
Chapter 7 – Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanocrystals

Publisher Summary This chapter concentrates on optical nonlinearities observed at energies near the band edge. These nonlinearities are dominated by real photoexcitations (excitons and/or free carriers) and are often referred to as resonant nonlinearities. The magnitudes of these nonlinearities are much greater than for nonresonant ones associated with virtual transitions and observed in the transparency range of optical materials. The increase in the magnitude of the nonlinearity in the resonant case occurs at the expense of the nonlinearity relaxation time. Significant progress has been made in understanding the effects of carrier dynamics on the optical properties of NCs. Modern methods of fs spectroscopy allow direct observation of ultrafast energy relaxation, recombination, and dephasing processes. Time-resolved studies indicate an important role of surface (interface) states in carrier relaxation. Important issues about the effect of three-dimensional confinement on energy relaxation have been raised by theoretical and experimental studies of carrier intraband dynamics in strongly confined NCs. These studies indicate a significant role of energy-loss mechanisms, which are different from electron-phonon interactions. Important steps toward practical applications have been realized with studies of optical nonlinearities, optical gain, and lasing in NCs. Due to three-dimensional spatial confinement, the mechanisms for resonant band-edge optical nonlinearities in NCs are different from those in bulk materials.
The applicatlon of principal components:analysis in priority analysis of community health care project for elderlies

A survey was conducted among 121 health care managers and health workers in community health care institutions with questionnaire and interview.Data on health care conditions in the community and health needs of elderly people were collected and analyzed using principle component analysis method.The priority order of 17 community health care projects for elderly people was ranked with this analysis method and the development strategy of community health service was suggested. Key words: Health services for the aged; Evaluation studies
The Fell Compactification of a Poset

A poset P forms a locally compact \(T_0\)-space in its Alexandroff topology. We consider the hit-or-miss topology on the closed sets of P and the associated Fell compactification of P. We show that the closed sets of P with the hit-or-miss topology is the Priestley space of the bounded distributive lattice freely generated by the order dual of P. The Fell compactification of H(P) is shown to be the Priestley space of a sublattice of the upsets of P consisting of what we call Fell upsets. These are upsets that are finite unions of those obtained as upper bounds of finite subsets of P. The restriction of the hit topology to H(P) is a stable compactification of P. When P is a chain, we show that this is the least stable compactification of P.
Nonhysteretic Vortex Magnetic Tunnel Junction Sensor with High Dynamic Reserve

Multiple geometrical conditions for different magnetic vortex states to appear in micrometer-sized magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are investigated in experiment and simulation. Both results match up well, providing clear images of vortex behaviors. We pattern a compact array of single-vortex MTJ elements and perform magnetotransport and noise measurements. This sensor features nonhysteretic behavior, a small size of 0.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 0.5 ${\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$, a low normalized noise of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, a detectability of $18\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}nT/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 1 Hz, and a large dynamic range of 100 Oe. Its 115 dB broad dynamic reserve and superior stability against temperature and environmental stray fields are ideally suited for magnetic sensing applications.
MESMO 3: Flexible phytoplankton stoichiometry and refractory dissolved organic matter

Abstract. We describe the third version of Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 3), an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, with a dynamical ocean, dynamic–thermodynamic sea ice, and an energy–moisture-balanced atmosphere. A major feature of version 3 is the flexible C : N : P ratio for the three phytoplankton functional types represented in the model. The flexible stoichiometry is based on the power law formulation with environmental dependence on phosphate, nitrate, temperature, and light. Other new features include nitrogen fixation, water column denitrification, oxygen and temperature-dependent organic matter remineralization, and CaCO 3 production based on the concept of the residual nitrate potential growth. In addition, we describe the semi-labile and refractory dissolved organic pools of C, N, P, and Fe that can be enabled in MESMO 3 as an optional feature. The refractory dissolved organic matter can be degraded by photodegradation at the surface and hydrothermal vent degradation at the bottom. These improvements provide a basis for using MESMO 3 in further investigations of the global marine carbon cycle to changes in the environmental conditions of the past, present, and future.
Understanding the role of aerobic fitness, spatial learning, and hippocampal subfields in adolescent males.

Physical exercise during adolescence, a critical developmental window, can facilitate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and astrogliogenesis in Cornu Ammonis (CA) hippocampal subfields of rats, and which have been associated with improved hippocampal dependent memory performance. Recent translational studies in humans also suggest that aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume and better spatial memory during adolescence. However, associations between fitness, hippocampal subfield morphology, and learning capabilities in human adolescents remain largely unknown. Employing a translational study design in 34 adolescent males, we explored the relationship between aerobic fitness, hippocampal subfield volumes, and both spatial and verbal memory. Aerobic fitness, assessed by peak oxygen utilization on a high-intensity exercise test (VO2 peak), was positively associated with the volumetric enlargement of the hippocampal head, and the CA1 head region specifically. Larger CA1 volumes were also associated with spatial learning on a Virtual Morris Water Maze task and verbal learning on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, but not recall memory. In line with previous animal work, the current findings lend support for the long-axis specialization of the hippocampus in the areas of exercise and learning during adolescence.
Measuring the value of public hunting land using a hedonic approach

Acquisition of public land is critical for wildlife conservation and can impact local tax bases and property values. Those impacts reflect the capitalized value of benefits (e.g., recreational oppo...
Prospects and Challenges of the Study of Anti-Glycan Antibodies and Microbiota for the Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Over the past decades, a large amount of data has been accumulated in various subfields of glycobiology. However, much clinically relevant data and many tools are still not widely used in medicine. Synthetic glycoconjugates with the known structure of glycans are an accurate tool for the study of glycan-binding proteins. We used polyacrylamide glycoconjugates (PGs) including PGs with tumour-associated glycans (TAGs) in immunoassays to assess the prognostic potential of the serum level of anti-glycan antibodies (AG Abs) in gastrointestinal cancer patients and found an association of AG Abs with survival. The specificity of affinity-isolated AG Abs was investigated using synthetic and natural glycoconjugates. AG Abs showed mainly a low specificity to tumour-associated and tumour-derived mucins; therefore, the protective role of the examined circulating AG Abs against cancer remains a challenge. In this review, our findings are analysed and discussed in the context of the contribution of bacteria to the AG Abs stimulus and cancer progression. Examples of the influence of pathogenic bacteria colonising tumours on cancer progression and patient survival through mechanisms of interaction with tumours and dysregulated immune response are considered. The possibilities and problems of the integrative study of AG Abs and the microbiome using high-performance technologies are discussed.
Structural evolution of cobalt oxide–tungsten oxide nanowire heterostructures for photocatalysis

Abstract Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) and cobalt tungstate (CoWO 4 ) decorated one-dimensional cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) nanowire heterostructures were fabricated through a facile and cost-effective approach. The process includes vapor–solid growth of cobalt oxide nanowires via a thermal oxidation method and sputtering coating of tungsten oxide on the standing Co 3 O 4 nanowires. To further modulate the structure and/or morphology and improve the crystallization of tungsten oxide, the product was subjected to a post-annealing process, which resulted in free-standing Co 3 O 4 –WO 3 /CoWO 4 multi-component nanowire heterostructures. The crystal structures, morphologies, and chemical composition at each fabrication stage were studied in detail using microscopy and spectroscopy. The investigation for the first time showed the dry processing route for formation of such novel nanowire heterostructures. The photocatalytic performance and behavior of such nanowire heterostructures were further demonstrated for the degradation of water-contaminating organics ( via a phenol photodegradation process). The photocatalytic efficiency of the final nanowire heterostructures was estimated to be increased by ∼30% for both visible and UV illumination as compared with the as-produced Co 3 O 4 nanowires.
Dual Relationships in Social Work Education: Report on a National Survey

Dual relationships between social work educators and their current or former students is largely unstudied. This article reports on a survey of deans and senior social work educators’ ethical beliefs on dual relationships. Educators were asked how they regarded different types of dual relationships and differences between dual relationships with current and former students. They were also asked about ethics education in their schools. Beliefs about dual relationships varied, especially regarding current students and former ones. While ethics education in schools of social work is extensive, policies on dual relationships are scarce. Further research is needed on the ethics of dual relationships in social work education.
The anaerobic degradation of 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate in freshwater sediment proceeds via either chlorophenol or hydroxybenzoate to phenol and subsequently to benzoate.

To study the anaerobic degradation of the chimera 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate (3-Cl,4-OHB), anaerobic freshwater sediment samples from the vicinity of Athens, Ga., were adapted for the transformation of 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-OHB), 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB), 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). In nonadapted samples, both 4-OHB (product of aryl dechlorination) and 2-CP (product of aryl decarboxylation) were observed as intermediates in the transformation of 3-Cl,4-OHB to phenol. The accumulated phenol was subsequently transformed to benzoate, an intermediate in the conversion to methane and CO2. In 4-OHB-adapted samples (i.e., samples adapted for aryl decarboxylation), 2-CP was the first intermediate which was subsequently dechlorinated to phenol. In 3-CB-adapted samples (i.e., samples adapted for meta-chlorobenzoate dehalogenation), 3-Cl,4-OHB was stoichiometrically dechlorinated to 4-OHB. In 2-CP-adapted samples (i.e., samples adapted for ortho-chlorophenol dehalogenation), 4-OHB was the first major intermediate. Furthermore, 3-CB was not dechlorinated in 2-CP-adapted sediment samples, suggesting the possibility that different 3-Cl,4-OHB dechlorinating systems were induced in the 2-CP- and 3-CB-adapted sediments. Adaptation of sediment samples for dechlorination of 2,4-DCP did not lead to adaptation for dechlorination of 3-Cl,4-OHB. However, 3-Cl,4-OHB was dechlorinated to 4-OHB in our stable, sediment-free 2,4-DCP-dechlorinating enrichment, isolated previously from the same environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using Static Percentiles of AE9/AP9 to Approximate Dynamic Monte Carlo Runs for Radiation Analysis of Spiral Transfer Orbits

The Aerospace Corporation performed a study to determine whether static percentiles of AE9/AP9 can be used to approximate dynamic Monte Carlo runs for radiation analysis of spiral transfer orbits. Solar panel degradation is a major concern for solar-electric propulsion because solar-electric propulsion depends on the power output of the solar panel. Different spiral trajectories have different radiation environments that could lead to solar panel degradation. Because the spiral transfer orbits only last weeks to months, an average environment does not adequately address the possible transient enhancements of the radiation environment that must be accounted for in optimizing the transfer orbit trajectory. Therefore, to optimize the trajectory, an ensemble of Monte Carlo simulations of AE9/AP9 would normally be run for every spiral trajectory to determine the 95th percentile radiation environment. To avoid performing lengthy Monte Carlo dynamic simulations for every candidate spiral trajectory in the optimization, we found a static percentile that would be an accurate representation of the full Monte Carlo simulation for a representative set of spiral trajectories. For 3 LEO to GEO and 1 LEO to MEO trajectories, a static 90th percentile AP9 is a good approximation of the 95th percentile fluence with dynamics for 4-10 MeV protons, and a static 80th percentile AE9 is a good approximation of the 95th percentile fluence with dynamics for 0.5-2 MeV electrons. While the specific percentiles chosen cannot necessarily be used in general for other orbit trade studies, the concept of determining a static percentile as a quick approximation to a full Monte Carlo ensemble of simulations can likely be applied to other orbit trade studies. We expect the static percentile to depend on the region of space traversed, the mission duration, and the radiation effect considered.
Role of adenosine receptor subtypes in neural stunning of sympathetic coronary innervation

Adenosine plays an important role in postischemic dysfunction of cardiac sympathetic nerves because exogenously infused adenosine produces and adenosine deaminase prevents “neural stunning.” We exa...
Human mitotic chromosome structure: what happened to the 30-nm fibre?

EMBO J 31 7, 1644–1653 February172012 The long-standing view of chromosome packaging is that 10-nm beads-on-a string chromatin fibres fold into higher-order 30-nm fibres, which further twist and coil to form highly condensed chromosomes. After four decades of intense pursuit of the structure and properties of 30-nm chromatin fibres, work of Nishino et al (2012) in this issue of The EMBO Journal demonstrates that regular 30-nm fibres are absent from human mitotic chromosomes. The emerging view is that chromosome-level condensation can be achieved through packaging of 10-nm fibres in a fractal manner.
A Multi-Institutional Cooperative Study of Osteosarcoma

Malignant musculoskeletal tumors, notably osteosarcoma, continue to pose difficult problems in diagnosis and treatment. One medical institution is unlikely to see enough patients with osteosarcoma to provide material for an adequate study, hence, the attraction of cooperative multi-institutional studies.
Federal, State, and Local Tax Policies for Climate Change: Coordination or Cross-Purpose?

Although the United States has not yet enacted comprehensive climate change legislation at the Federal level, federal tax laws affecting energy have significant climate change effects. At the regional level, several groups of States have joined together in climate change legislation. Most States and many localities have tax laws affecting energy. State and local governments often enact legislation in response to federal actions, or to fill gaps in federal legislation. When national, state, and local governments all attempt to influence energy use through tax legislation, without coordination, inefficiencies and conflicts are bound to arise. In the absence of Federal leadership on climate change, a second best alternative is coordination between Federal, State and local efforts to encourage energy-wise behavior. This essay explores alternatives for coordination and potential challenges.
Melt rheology of lower critical solution temperature polybutadiene/ polyisoprene blends

The viscoelastic properties of near critical entangled polybutadiene (PB)/polyisoprene (PI) blends were investigated in oscillatory shear above and below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The terminal loss modulus of a near critical PB/PI blend above and below the LCST is well described by means of a log additive mixing rule. A single master curve in the loss modulus of the critical blend exhibiting WLF behavior was obtained above and below the LCST by using the empirical time−temperature superposition (tTS) principle. However, the storage modulus above the LCST deviates from both the tTS principle and the log additive mixing rule. The phase-separated PB/PI blends within the linear viscoelastic regime display higher than expected values of storage modulus at low frequencies, due to the interfacial tension between the two phases of the blend. This increase causes a discontinuity in the temperature dependence of the storage modulus at low frequencies. The discontinuity occurs at a frequency-de...
Production of Infrared Spectra with Electric Fields

A substance in a strong electric field acquires a new infrared spectrum owing to changes in the selection rules. The spectrum is governed by matrix components of the molecular polarizability and hence has the same intensity rules as the Raman effect.
An evaluation of surfactant foam technology in remediation of contaminated soil

Soil contamination is notoriously difficult to treat because the contaminants are often tightly bound to the soil particles. Conventional remediation technologies are becoming less popular due to the high treatment costs. This paper gives a comprehensive overview and evaluation of an emerging promising alternative, surfactant foam technology. Different from other approaches, surfactant foam technology may be designed either to remove contaminants or/and simultaneously act as an augmentation for the existing technologies such as pump-and-treat systems and bioremediation processes to improve the contaminant removal efficiency and cost effectiveness. Encouraging results were achieved from laboratory and field demonstrations. However, as an innovative technology, there are many factors to be investigated with the future development. Special attention is paid to the selection of the most appropriate foaming surfactant and surfactant concentration, which are critical to the success of the implementation of the remediation process and have significant effects on the treatment costs. Moreover, development of predictive mathematical models in for future research is helpful to optimize the remediation process.
SQUIRRELS REVEAL BITS OF HIBERNOME

![Figure][1] Mammalian hibernators are unique in their ability to cope with freezing temperatures. Some mammals can lower their body temperatures to as low as -2.9°C for several weeks. In the golden-mantle ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis , this period of low body temperature, called
Changing the Technical Writing Paradigm

Although teachers of technical writing have long considered themselves as the vanguard, they too have shown considerable resistance to change, despite recent theoretical advances in composition theory. This author proposes that the technical writing community review its traditional views and attitudes toward the teaching of writing to incorporate insight derived from cross-disciplinary research.
Localized holographic recording in doubly-doped LiNBO3

Reference EPFL-CONF-158401View record in Web of Science Record created on 2010-11-25, modified on 2017-05-10
Structure and expression of a Manduca sexta larval cuticle gene homologous to Drosophila cuticle genes.

Abstract A genomic clone was isolated from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta , by virtue of its similarity to a Drosophila larval cuticle gene. RNA analysis shows that this clone, B311, is expressed at times appropriate for a larval cuticle gene. Hybrid-selection experiments using B311 DNA show that it encodes a 14 × 10 3 M r protein, LCP-14, which is precipitated by an antiserum to Manduca larval cuticle. We have sequenced both genomic and cDNA clones for the LCP-14 gene. A conceptual translation of the cDNA sequence shows that the LCP-14 protein is similar not only to another Manduca cuticle protein, but also to Drosophila , Sarcophaga and Hyalophora cecropia cuticle proteins. Since these proteins are found in flexible cuticle and have similar sequences, we conclude they are encoded by homologous genes.
A uterine amulet in the Oriental Institute collection.

OF the flourishing practice of magic in late Hellenistic Egypt, Greco-Egyptian gems provide ample testimony. Of these gems, the Oriental Institute has but a single example, A.6832.' The amulet was purchased from the Bernard Moritz collection in 1929, and is said to have been acquired in Palestine. Originally an oval, the worn hematite stone has been broken on both lateral edges with the resultant greatest length 2.215 cm, the greatest width 0.98 cm, and the greatest thickness 0.275 cm. The gem was beveled at the edges, presumably for insertion in a ring.2 The amulet itself is of a type long studied and now well known. On the obverse, Osiris flanked by Isis and Nephthys stands within a ouroboros above a stylized representation of a uterus closed by a key. In the clearest examples of this type the uterine figure resembles an inverted pot with neck and carinated lip, but examples parallel to the Oriental Institute image are found without necks, yielding a circle above a semi-circle.3 Within the field enclosed by the ouroboros were carved in addition the seven Greek vowels of which the final two have been worn away. Around the margin of the face are the traces of an
A Comparison of Second Language Listening and Reading Comprehension

ond language listening and reading: listening has enjoyed a theoretically eminent, if not preeminent, place in virtually all approaches to language teaching since audiolingualism, but research efforts have been devoted largely to reading. It has been assumed that comprehension is a general construct that applies to both modalities or even that the principles of reading comprehension can be imported directly to listening. However, the last decade has brought increasing awareness that listening is a set of skills in its own right and that reading research may not automatically transfer to listening. Long discusses the reasons for this position and documents the critical need for research on
Diffusiophoresis contributes significantly to colloidal fouling in low salinity reverse osmosis systems

Abstract Diffusiophoresis is the migration of particles in salt gradients, and depends on the particle charge and the difference in diffusion coefficients of major ions making up the salt. This phenomenon is ubiquitous where salt gradients and charged particles exist and has been studied for several decades. However, this phenomenon has not been explored in RO membrane systems and could be relevant for low salinity feed solutions (such as brackish water or reclaimed wastewater), where significant salt gradients arise next to the membrane and where charged colloidal particles exist natively. Here we demonstrate through experiments and modeling that under low salinity feed conditions, diffusiophoresis contributes significantly to particle transport and cake formation. We further propose that particulate fouling due to diffusiophoresis will increase in a positive feedback loop over time due to cake enhanced concentration polarization.
Synthesis, structure, and physical properties for a series of monomeric iron(III) hydroxo complexes with varying hydrogen-bond networks.

Mononuclear iron(III) complexes with terminal hydroxo ligands are proposed to be important species in several metalloproteins, but they have been difficult to isolate in synthetic systems. Using a series of amidate/ureido tripodal ligands, we have prepared and characterized monomeric FeIIIOH complexes with similar trigonal-bipyramidal primary coordination spheres. Three anionic nitrogen donors define the trigonal plane, and the hydroxo oxygen atom is trans to an apical amine nitrogen atom. The complexes have varied secondary coordination spheres that are defined by intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the FeIIIOH unit and the urea NH groups. Structural trends were observed between the number of hydrogen bonds and the Fe−Ohydroxo bond distances: the more intramolecular hydrogen bonds there were, the longer the Fe−O bond became. Spectroscopic trends were also found, including an increase in the energy of the O−H vibrations with a decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds. However, the FeIII/II reduction pot...
Monopole Bound States: An SU(4) Example

Abstract Finite energy monopole solutions are studied in SU (4) spontaneously broken to SU(2) × SU(2) × U(1) by a single Higgs field in the adjoint representation. Both the smallest and double strength monopoles which couple only to the U(1) charge are written in a spherically symmetric form, thus allowing the corresponding energies to be computed numerically. It is found that the mass of the double pole is always more than twice that of the single pole, except in the limit of vanishing scalar self-couplings when it is exactly twice. Analytic solutions are obtained in this limit. The question of the existence of finite energy solutions corresponding to a given spherically symmetric point monopole is discussed.
Reserpine: Its effect on the sleep-dream cycle in man

The effect of reserpine on the sleep and dream patterns of six normal human subjects was investigated. All-night EEG and eye-movement recordings were obtained on about fifteen nights for each subject.