cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint Salvage After Neglected Intra-Articular Physeal Fracture of the Hallux in High-Level Gymnasts

Chronic sports-related injuries involving the hallux are well known in adult populations. However, they are less frequently described in adolescents. We present 2 cases of elite-level gymnasts with neglected Salter–Harris IV fractures involving the proximal phalanx of the great toe following a severe hyperextension injury to the metatarsophalangeal joint. Both were successfully treated with open reduction and internal fixation with return to pre-injury level of activity, improvement in outcome scores, and demonstration of no disability from injury 2 years after surgical intervention.Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case Series
IDENTIFICATION OF A SPOROZOITE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN FROM TOXOPLASMA GONDII

Abstract Reduction of risk for human and food animal infection with Toxoplasma gondii is hampered by the lack of epidemiological data documenting the predominant routes of infection (oocyst vs. tissue cyst consumption) in horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis. Existing serological assays can determine previous exposure to the parasite, but not the route of infection. We have used difference gel electrophoresis, in combination with tandem mass spectroscopy and Western blot, to identify a sporozoite-specific protein (T. gondii embryogenesis-related protein [TgERP]), which elicited antibody and differentiated oocyst- versus tissue cyst–induced infection in pigs and mice. The recombinant protein was selected from a cDNA library constructed from T. gondii sporozoites; this protein was used in Western blots and probed with sera from T. gondii–infected humans. Serum antibody to TgERP was detected in humans within 6–8 mo of initial oocyst-acquired infection. Of 163 individuals in the acute stage of infection (an...
Kinesin-1 and Dynein Are the Primary Motors for Fast Transport of Mitochondria in Drosophila Motor Axons

To address questions about mechanisms of filament-based organelle transport, a system was developed to image and track mitochondria in an intact Drosophila nervous system. Mutant analyses suggest that the primary motors for mitochondrial movement in larval motor axons are kinesin-1 (anterograde) and cytoplasmic dynein (retrograde), and interestingly that kinesin-1 is critical for retrograde transport by dynein. During transport, there was little evidence that force production by the two opposing motors was competitive, suggesting a mechanism for alternate coordination. Tests of the possible coordination factor P150(Glued) suggested that it indeed influenced both motors on axonal mitochondria, but there was no evidence that its function was critical for the motor coordination mechanism. Observation of organelle-filled axonal swellings ("organelle jams" or "clogs") caused by kinesin and dynein mutations showed that mitochondria could move vigorously within and pass through them, indicating that they were not the simple steric transport blockades suggested previously. We speculate that axonal swellings may instead reflect sites of autophagocytosis of senescent mitochondria that are stranded in axons by retrograde transport failure; a protective process aimed at suppressing cell death signals and neurodegeneration.
How Expectancy Motivation Influences Information Exchange in Small Groups

Groups rarely use the unique knowledge of their members when making decisions, focusing instead on knowledge that members have in common. This tendency to neglect the expertise of group members severely limits the effectiveness of group decision making. Previously, this problem has been addressed by showing that groups will pool task-relevant information and make effective decisions if members have knowledge of each other’s expertise. However, these studies are generally limited because they disregard why people use each other’s expertise once they are aware of it. The current study uses expectancy theory to investigate this issue and to link motivation to information exchange in groups. Results of a hidden profile study involving 40 groups indicated that expectancy motivation drives groups to use expertise awareness, exchange more unique information, and thus solve a hidden profile problem correctly.
Mapping Quantitative Traits in Forest Trees

Classic Mendelian genetic analysis relies on a simple relationship between genotype and phenotype. The phenotypic differences among individuals in a population are directly attributable to their genotype at a single genetic locus (e.g., flower color in peas). However, most traits of economic interest in forest trees do not fall into discrete phenotypic classes, but instead result from the collective action of multiple genes which exhibit quantitative variation. Traditional analysis of quantitative traits relies on phenotypic variances and family means to estimate heritabilities and variance components, within the context of environmental factors (Zobel and Talbert 1984). Although quantitative genetic analyses assume polygenic inheritance, little can be determined in regards to the specific genes involved.
A comparison of arthroscopy to ultrasonography for identification of pathology of the equine stifle

SummaryReasons for performing study To evaluate and compare the diagnostic capability of arthroscopy and ultrasonography for the detection of pathological change in equine stifle joints. Although descriptions of the arthroscopic and ultrasonographic boundaries of the normal femorotibial joint exist, there are few examples in the literature comparing the pathological changes observed with each imaging modality. Objectives To evaluate and compare arthroscopic and ultrasonographic examinations for characterising pathological change in the stifle joint. To describe how the results of arthroscopic and ultrasonographic examinations may differ in characterising the severity of lesions and to evaluate which lesions are best assessed with each modality. Study design Retrospective review of ultrasonographic and arthroscopic examinations. Methods The structures of the stifle joint were evaluated and graded for pathological change by scoring arthroscopic and ultrasonographic examinations. The presence and severity of the lesions were then compared between each modality. Results Medial meniscal lesions were detected more often with ultrasonography than with arthroscopy. Conversely, arthroscopy was better for detection of cranial medial meniscotibial ligament (CrMMTL) tearing. Articular cartilage defects were best detected with arthroscopy and periarticular osteophytes of the medial femoral condyle with ultrasonography. Four cases had defects within one of the patellar ligaments, all of which were only characterised with ultrasonography. Conclusions Ultrasonography and arthroscopy should be combined to best evaluate pathology of the stifle, since each modality has its own limitations depending on the location and type of lesion.
De-Colonizing Blackness: Under/Through a Western Gaze

Following indigenous rhetorics and decolonial methodologies, I discuss blackness as a western enunciation, socially constructed as an internalized system to keep black bodies in check. Relying heavily on Spivak, Spurr, Fanon, Cesaire and Mignolo, I argue that African blackness is abjectified in colonized spaces by other black bodies. I draw on colonization discourses, particularly discourses of lightness and darkness, to present cultural practices and performances in which African-Americans, and/or, Afro-Western black bodies gaze at African blackness as uncivilized primitive ugly bodies. Supporting my claim, I rhetorically analyze an online discussion post, which dehumanizes Alek Weks Southern Sudanese blackness. Comments on the website dehumanizes Weks blackness; a majority of the comments are from men, and in some cases women, who identify as African-Americans. These comments gaze at, write and mark Weks blackness as not the right black body to carry the Im black and proud beauty torch. Using Mignolo, I conclude with a discussion of Weks blackness as a disruption of colonized spaces, histories and narratives, to argue that a decolonial option, ways of thinking and doing, accounts for all geo-and-bio-graphic black bodies as cultural affordances that strive to delink, dismantle, destabilize, western enunciations and ontological descriptions on non-western bodies.
The multiply-operated total knee replacement patient: salvage options

Although the vast majority of patients that undergo total knee replacement have satisfactory outcomes with a generally low complication rate, occasionally a patient will be encountered that has had multiple failed surgeries, and now reaches a crossroad as to whether limb salvage will be acceptable or not. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):122–4.
Teaching Elementary Students about Seatbelt Safety

(1999). Teaching Elementary Students about Seatbelt Safety. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 54-55.
Seeding a Culture of Remembering

First paragraphs: For thousands of years gardeners and farmers have practiced basic plant breeding by selecting those plants deemed of value and saving their seed, tubers, rootstock, etc., to grow and care for them for another generation. Catherine Phillips uses the term seed saving in this broad and traditional sense throughout her book Saving More Than Seeds: Practices and Politics of Seed Saving. This long process of agricultural adaptation has resulted not only in the survival of species and strains of plants with qualities humans deem desirable, but also in the creation of rich cultural traditions as well (think cacao, henna, garlic, poppy). While we have saved their seeds, bulbs, and tubers, plants have profoundly affected us, even providing the foundation for civilization, some have argued (through, appropriately, grain for beer and thus, fittingly, politics (Hayden, 2013)). Over the last century and a half, researchers and agriculturalists have sped up the adaptation process through the application of genetic technologies and the development of new breeding techniques. Agrobiodiversity, seed saving, and long-standing cultural traditions, however, are disappearing. Measures ostensibly designed to protect the agricultural sector and seed growers have produced negative consequences. For example, intellectual property rights and trade treaties have instead constrained the livelihood of farmers and the rights of gardeners. This has contributed to there being fewer producers and breeders. As a result, the public faces less variety and public accountability, and more genetic and economic vulnerability....
Demonstration of lag phase in the sol-gel transformation of deoxygenated S hemoglobin without temperature alteration.

Summary1). During the sol to gel transformation of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin, a time-dependent process preceding gel formation (lag phase) was demonstrated that was inversely proportional to a function of the hemoglobin concentration and that occurred without alteration in temperature, pH, or oxygen tension.2). As determined by the Schachman modification of the capillary viscometer, preparations of oxyhemoglobin S and A and deoxyhemoglobin A were indistinguishable when compared over a wide range of concentrations. Up to the concentration at which gelling occurred, deoxyhemoglobin S exhibited the same viscosity behavior. The viscosity of deoxygenated hemoglobin S within the lower gelling concentration range was normal during the lag phase and became abnormally high only at the time of gelation.
Harbour Sedimentation – Comparison with Model

A mobile-bed model study of Pointe Sapin Harbour, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, resulted in construction of a detached breakwater and sand trap to prevent harbour entrance infilling. The sand trap is filling in at a faster rate than predicted from the model. This is partly due to incomplete modelling of the wave climate; partly to incorrect modelling of distribution of alongshore sand transport; and partly to a complex sand supply at the site. Nevertheless, the sand trap solution is performing well.
Studies on protein-turnover rates in cold-acclimated rats.

SummaryStudies were made on rates of catabolism and of tissue protein incorporation of intraperitoneally injected 75Se selenomethionine in cold-acclimated rats. The results of these studies indicate that both rates are increased in the cold. This could be indicative of an increased protein turnover rate in the cold-acclimated rat. Incorporation of labeled selenomethionine was faster in both kidney and liver. It is suggested that the rate of protein recycling may increase in the cold and that this could act as an intracellular respiratory stimulus by causing a more rapid conversion of ATP to ADP and to AMP.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 11-2016. A 12-Year-Old Boy with Malaise, Fevers, Abdominal Pain, and Pallor.

A 12-year-old boy presented with a 1-month history of fever and abdominal pain. Three months earlier, he had traveled to the Dominican Republic. Laboratory evaluation revealed anemia and an elevated C-reactive protein level. Diagnostic tests were performed.
Evidence-Based Management of Sport-Related Concussion: Completing the Puzzle

Concussion-related evidence is evolving at a rapid pace due to the complexity of concussive injury and the increased societal and medical attention around its potential consequences. Recent evidence and consensus suggests a multimodal assessment and management model that encompasses the various domains affected by concussion. The model is inclusive of a clinical evaluation, symptoms assessment, neurocognitive assessment, and balance assessment. However, new evidence also highlights additional diagnostic and prognostic factors that are important to understand in the concussion management process. With these advances, there is also increased consensus and evidence for a more active approach to management of the injury. As such, there are many new advances in the field that are key for clinicians to understand and utilize in clinical practice. This narrative review will provide an overview of recent evidence illustrating the necessity of multimodal concussion assessment and management best practices.
An empirical study on the influence factors of agricultural leading enterprise performance: based on the combined and separated duties of chairman and manager.

In this paper,collected data from national agricultural industrialized leading enterprises were used to analyze the effect of combined and separated duties of chairman and general manager on enterprise performance.The results showed that capital and labor input largely contribute to the performance of the leading agricultural enterprises,and orders and the number of contract spurring farmers played a positive role on the leading agricultural enterprise performance.However,duties of chairman and general manager were combined,which showed no obvious impact on the leading agricultural enterprise performance.The combined duties of chairman and general manager would make the leading agricultural enterprise performance increased by 19.17% in the western region,among those,the private enterprises and other enterprises were increased by 15.03% and 47.07%respectively.However,the combined duties of chairman and general manager had a negative effect on performance of the leading agricultural enterprises in the eastern region,among those,other enterprises declined by 31.62%in corporate performance.Based on the result,it suggests that the duties of chairman and general manager should be separated along with the expansion of scale of the leading agricultural enterprises.
On research and practice of the teaching of IT majors curriculum certification of higher vocational schools

The article makes a list of major problems in present higher vocational education,elaborates the proper positioning of combining higher vocational education with IT certification and establishes a system of training student's professional capacity guided by the employment.The school,industry and enterprise ought to cooperate in many aspects,introduce the industry or enterprise certification and adopt the mode of training talent through the integration of production and education,thus train student to become the technical personnel of high-quality.
Examination of the Role of Galectins in Cell Migration and Re-epithelialization of Wounds

Re-epithelialization is a crucial step for wound healing. As galectins play important roles in re-epithelialization, we describe here protocols for in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro examination of the role of galectins in cell migration and in re-epithelialization of wounds. For in vivo models, mouse corneas are wounded by a variety of techniques and the rate of re-epithelialization is quantified. For ex vivo organ culture models, mouse corneas are wounded in situ, the eyes are enucleated, the eyeballs are cultured in the presence or absence of galectins and the rate of re-epithelialization is quantified. For cell cultured-based in vitro assays, we examine formation of lamellipodia and activation of focal adhesion kinase in various epithelial cells.
On the Role of Binary Mask Pattern in Automatic Speech Recognition.

Processing noisy signals using the ideal binary mask has been shown to improve automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance. In this paper, we present the first study that investigates the role of mask patterns in ASR under varying signalto-noise ratios (SNR), noise conditions and mask definitions. Binary masks are typically computed either by comparing the local SNR within a time-frequency unit of a mixture signal with a threshold termed the local criterion (LC), or by comparing the local target energy with the long-term average energy of speech. Results show that: (i) Akin to human speech recognition, binary masking can significantly improve ASR even when the mixture SNR is as low as -60 dB. (ii) The difference between the LC and the mixture SNR is more correlated to the recognition accuracy than LC. (iii) The performance profiles in ASR are qualitatively similar to those obtained for human speech recognition. (iv) The LC at which the peak performance is obtained is lower than 0 dB, which is the optimal threshold as far as the SNR gain of processed signals is concerned. This indicates that maximizing SNR gain may not be the optimal criterion to improve either human or machine recognition of noisy speech.
Standardization of Dosimetry Chart Checks

This paper reports on a standardized report form that can be used to analyze dose error rates from radiation therapy. An error classification scheme of Types 1 to 5 was developed to indicate increasing severity of errors. Type 1 (charting errors) and Type 3 (daily dose errors) were the most prominent types. Dosimetry errors were reduced by using the results of the reports to correct operating procedures. Type 1 error rates decreased from 17% initially to an average of 3.9%. An average error rate of 1.7% for Type 3 dose errors was found to be consistent with normal operation. Use of the report form is useful in documenting and correcting errors and as a reporting record for use in a quality assurance program.
Regulation of Differentiation of Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells by Prostaglandins

Very little is known about the complex process of cellular differentiation. Clearly, the appearance of differentiated characteristics must be sequentially organized during normal development. It is likely that such processes involve a complex interplay of factors that regulate gene activity as well as biochemical signals that regulate the functions of newly expressed gene products.
Direct detection and quantification of singlet oxygen during ischemia and reperfusion in rat hearts

To detect singlet oxygen (1O2) in postischemic reperfused hearts, 5,8-endoperoxide, an oxidation product of beta-carotene, was used as a marker for 1O2 generation and was quantified using high-perf...
Quantitative microbiologic study of blood salvaged by intraoperative membrane filtration.

Abstract Objective.—To evaluate the sterility of blood salvaged intraoperatively by a new membrane filtration system for transfusion. Design.—Quantitative microbiologic cultures were prospectively ...
Reporting and News Gathering

The traditional role of the journalist has been eclipsed by bloggers and citizen journalists, if not entirely eliminated. The chapter will use the traditional journalist’s job versus the new media journalists’ job descriptions as a frame for showing how the media environment is changing. Citizen journalism, the decline of the newsroom, and the implications for journalistic standards and practices are discussed.
A Simple, Subscription-Based Clinical Result Notification System

Critical value reporting is crucial to patient care in the hospital setting, but some normal or non-critical values are valuable to clinical decision making as well. We designed a system that allows providers to subscribe to electronic notifications of laboratory results to improve workflow and potentially patient care.
Outcomes for adolescents who comply with long-term psychosocial treatment for ADHD.

OBJECTIVE We conducted a large (N = 216) multisite clinical trial of the Challenging Horizons Program (CHP)-a yearlong afterschool program that provides academic and interpersonal skills training for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Intent-to-treat analyses suggest that, as predicted, the CHP resulted in significant reductions in problem behaviors and academic impairment when compared to community care. However, attendance in the CHP ranged from zero to 60 sessions, raising questions about optimal dosing. METHOD To evaluate the impact of treatment compliance, complier average causal effect modeling was used to compare participants who attended 80% or more of sessions to an estimate of outcomes for comparable control participants. RESULTS Treatment compliers exhibited medium to large benefits (ds = 0.56 to 2.00) in organization, disruptive behaviors, homework performance, and grades relative to comparable control estimates, with results persisting 6 months after treatment ended. However, compliance had little impact on social skills. CONCLUSIONS Students most in need of treatment were most likely to comply, resulting in significant benefits in relation to comparable control participants who experienced deteriorating outcomes over time. Difficulties relating to dose-response estimation and the potentially confounding influence of treatment acceptability, accessibility, and client motivation are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Signatures of DNA target selectivity by ETS transcription factors

The ETS family of transcription factors is a functionally heterogeneous group of gene regulators that share a structurally conserved, eponymous DNA-binding domain. DNA target specificity derives from combinatorial interactions with other proteins as well as intrinsic heterogeneity among ETS domains. Emerging evidence suggests molecular hydration as a fundamental feature that defines the intrinsic heterogeneity in DNA target selection and susceptibility to epigenetic DNA modification. This perspective invokes novel hypotheses in the regulation of ETS proteins in physiologic osmotic stress, their pioneering potential in heterochromatin, and the effects of passive and pharmacologic DNA demethylation on ETS regulation.
Konzept der Datenbankkonversationen

Der Begriff der Konversation induziert die Vorstellung von einer zwanglosen Plauderei, die zwischen wechselnden Parteien stattfmdet. Es steht weniger die Verbindlichkeit der Aussagen im Vordergrund als der Austausch von Informationen. Fuhrt der Informationsaustausch zu Ergebnissen, so wird die Gultigkeit der Ergebnisse durch besondere, deutlich abgehobene Wendungen („Bleibt es dabei?”) festgestellt. Diese Vorstellung steht durchaus Pate fur Datenbankkonversationen. Das Konzept der Datenbankkonversationen ermoglicht ebenfalls einen unverbindlichen Informationsaustausch zwischen Datenbankanwendungen und -anwendern, dessen Konsequenzen zu einem spateren Zeitpunkt separat festgestellt werden. Durch diesen unverbindlichen Informationsaustausch mit abgekoppelter Festlegung der Gultigkeit konnen Datenwerte kooperativ verandert werden. Damit in der Zwischenzeit keine inkonsistenten mit konsistenten Daten vermischt werden, beschranken Datenbankkonversationen den Austausch von Informationen in geeigneter Weise. Die fundamentale Idee dabei ist, einen kooperativen Vorgang in Teilschritte zu zerlegen und die wegen des Mehrbenutzerbetriebs benotigte Isolation zwischen den Arbeitseinheiten von der Gultigkeit des Arbeitsergebnisses zu trennen. Wahrend jeder Arbeitsschritt weiterhin transaktional von anderen, nebenlaufigen Arbeitsschritten isoliert wird, wird die Gultigkeit aller Arbeitsschritte des gesamten Vorgangs erst am Ende einer Konversation festgelegt. Die umgebende Konversation stellt den gemeinsamen Gultigkeitsrahmen fur die Effekte der ihr zugeordneten Transaktionen dar.
Lipid Uptake, Metabolism, and Transport in the Larval Zebrafish.

The developing zebrafish is a well-established model system for studies of energy metabolism, and is amenable to genetic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. For the first five days of life, nutrients are absorbed from its endogenous maternally deposited yolk. At five days post-fertilization, the yolk is exhausted and the larva has a functional digestive system including intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal microbiota. The transparency of the larval zebrafish, and the genetic and physiological similarity of its digestive system to that of mammals make it a promising system in which to address questions of energy homeostasis relevant to human health. For example, apolipoprotein expression and function is similar in zebrafish and mammals, and transgenic animals may be used to examine both the transport of lipid from yolk to body in the embryo, and the trafficking of dietary lipids in the larva. Additionally, despite the identification of many fatty acid and lipid transport proteins expressed by vertebrates, the cell biological processes that mediate the transport of dietary lipids from the intestinal lumen to the interior of enterocytes remain to be elucidated. Genetic tractability and amenability to live imaging and a range of biochemical methods make the larval zebrafish an ideal model in which to address open questions in the field of lipid transport, energy homeostasis and nutrient metabolism.
Understanding the Shu–Osher Conservative Finite Difference Form

Shu and Osher introduced a conservative finite difference discretization for hyperbolic conservation laws using nodal values rather than the traditional cell averages. Their form was obtained by introducing mathematical relations that simplify the resulting numerical methods. Here we instead “derive” their form from the standard cell average approach. In the process, we clarify the origin of their relations and the properties of this formulation. We also investigate the extension of their form to non-uniform grids. We show the strict conservation form only extends to grids with quadratic or exponential stretching. However, a slight generalization can be applied to all smoothly stretched grids with no loss of essential properties.
Involvement of uvrD, exrA, and recB genes in the control of the postreplicational repair process.

Ultraviolet radiation survival studies support the hypothesis that the uvrD, exrA and recB mutations inhibit separate branches of the postreplicational repair process.
Wave Phenomena Related to Nonlinear Mechanical Behavior of Adhesives

A major unresolved problem of the ultrasonic testing of adhesive bonds concerns the relation between quantities measured by ultrasonic methods and the actual ultimate strength of the bond. In this paper it is postulated that adhesive failure is preceded by nonlinear behavior which can be represented by a simple relation between tractions and gross displacement increments across the adhesive layer. The effects of this nonlinear behavior on various wave phenomena, including reflection for normal incidence, interface waves, and antiplane transverse wave have been investigated. The overall objective is to obtain information when the adhesive is pulled in the nonlinear range, either by the wave system itself or by the application of a large static deformation on which the ultrasonic wave motion has been superimposed. The nonlinear parameters which can be extracted from the ultrasonic data, in principle allow an extrapolation to the point of adhesive failure. For a detailed discussion of adhesive failure and other failure mechanisms in adhesives, we refer to Ref. [1].
Constitutive Law for Calculating Plastic Deformations During CZ Silicon Crystal Growth

During the growth of CZ silicon crystals, dislocation motion and generation are induced by the thermal stresses which arise from rapid cooling from the solidification temperature. These defects limit the fraction of acceptable silicon device chips obtained from a crystal. Current semiconductor technology is restrained by the lack of a predictive material model that can reliably calculate the dislocation motion and multiplication in CZ material at temperature close to the melting point. The concepts of Haasen and Sumino are modified to predict axial tensile results in CZ silicon up to 1300 °C. This modified formulation is the basis of the constitutive model presented.
The Effects of Adult-Developmental Concepts on Psychotherapy

In Chapter 4 we presented some basic ideas on the nature of adulthood. In this chapter we examine the implications of those ideas for psychotherapy. As an introduction to these remarks, we will consider some of the basic tenets about the developmentally oriented treatment of the adult presented in the Conference on Psychoanalytic Evaluation and Research, Commission IX report (1974).
Magnetic properties of RF-sputtered NiO and Ni0.8Fe0.2O1-δ samples grown on SiO2/Si substrates

ABSTRACTMagnetic properties of RF (Radio Frequency)-sputtered NiO and Ni0.8Fe0.2O1-δ films made at low or high oxygen (O) sputtering pressures were studied and discussed. The X-ray diffraction patt...
Erythema ab igne as a complication of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

The legal status of cannabis is changing rapidly in the USA, Canada and other countries with medicinal use or recreational use becoming legal.[1][1] With these new changes, there is an upsurge in the use of cannabis accompanied by increased frequency of complications such as cannabis hyperemesis
Personal identification of human remains: an overview.

Personal identification of human remains, as a science and as an art, occurs in a variety of sociocultural contexts. Unknown remains resulting from accidents and homicides occupy the attention of identification specialists in criminalistics, and unknowns resulting from military engagements and mass disasters are the focus of identification specialists in both military and civilian agencies. Each group of specialists has, within its respective identification agency, its own techniques and methods for establishing identity, and each group has its own criteria with which to verify identification. The purpose and functions of personal identification also vary within the context of the investigative agencies, but all identification specialists, regardless of their agency affiliation, are oriented toward establishing an individuality that can be validated by comparison with supporting social data.
Feasibility and effectiveness of two built environmental interventions on physical activity among 3-5-year-old preschoolers.

PURPOSE The purpose was to examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of two built environmental interventions with Head Start preschool children to increase minutes and intensity and total physical activity (PA). DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective, quasi-experimental, repeated measures design was conducted in two Head Start centers. Centers were randomly assigned to one of two intervention arms. Intervention Arm I added portable play equipment to the school environment; Arm II introduced portable play equipment plus PA education for staff and children. PA was measured during school using accelerometers and by observation using SOPLAY. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Ninety-seven children and eight staff were enrolled; valid PA data were available for 56 children (58%). Minutes of PA were highest at baseline in both groups and declined over the intervention. PA in Arm I decreased 22 min from weeks one to three and 12 min (p < .001) from weeks 3 to 6. In Arm II, PA declined 33 min from weeks one to three and 20 min (p < .001) from weeks 3 to 6. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses work to maintain and improve health at multiple levels of influence and are in strategic positions to educate and support PA to maintain and improve the health of all ages. School-based PA interventions have been reported with varying success. The feasibility of this study provides insight into the challenges in planning and conducting school-based interventions including enrollment, attrition, and accelerometer wear-time compliance. Despite our interventions, there was no positive response to either intervention, with PA declining at each time period in both groups. However, baseline PA was significantly higher than in previous studies. Schools can provide children with opportunities to accumulate PA.
Vorgehensmodell und Handlungsempfehlungen zur Einführung von BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) in Schweizer Krankenhäusern

Schweizer Krankenhauser sind technisch sowie okonomisch gefordert sich mit Konzepten zum Umgang mit mobilen Endgeraten – Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) – sowohl im Zusammenhang mit Patienten als auch mit Mitarbeitenden auseinanderzusetzen. Hierbei sehen sie sich einer Vielzahl von Herausforderungen gegenuber, u. a. hochgradig komplexe Beziehungsebenen, Einhaltung von gesetzlichen und gesellschaftlichen Regeln, sowie Beachtung und Unterstutzung von Krankenhausabteilungen bei deren Zielen und Vorgaben. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Herausforderungen an BYOD im Krankenhausalltag vor, leitet ein praxisrelevantes Vorgehensmodell ab und zeigt mogliche Anwendungsbeispiele fur die Praxis. Auf dieser Basis werden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen zur Einfuhrung und Betrieb von BYOD vorgestellt.
Differential Trends in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Four Health Care Facilities in a Single Metropolitan Area: A Retrospective Analysis

Background: Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) is increasing worldwide, but greatly varies geographically. We compared the prevalence of ESBL-E...
A scaling law for the required transition zone depth in hybrid LES-DNS

There is a substantial need to better understand multi-physics interactions in realistic laboratory experiments, yet it is currently unfeasible to perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of most...
Application of polyethylene air-bubble cushions to improve the shock absorption performance of Type I construction helmets for repeated impacts.

Background The use of helmets was considered to be one of the important prevention strategies employed on construction sites. The shock absorption performance of a construction (or industrial) helmet is its most important performance parameter. Industrial helmets will experience cumulative structural damage when being impacted repeatedly with impact magnitudes greater than its endurance limit. Objective The current study is to test if the shock absorption performance of Type I construction helmets subjected to repeated impacts can be improved by applying polyethylene air-bubble cushions to the helmet suspension system. Methods Drop impact tests were performed using a commercial drop tower test machine following the ANSI Z89.1 Type I drop impact protocol. Typical off-the-shelf Type I construction helmets were evaluated in the study. A 5 mm thick air-bubble cushioning liner was placed between the headform and the helmet to be tested. Helmets were impacted ten times at different drop heights from 0.61 to 1.73 m. The effects of the air-bubble cushioning liner on the helmets' shock absorption performance were evaluated by comparing the peak transmitted forces collected from the original off-the-shelf helmet samples to the helmets equipped with air-bubble cushioning liners. Results Our results showed that a typical Type I construction helmet can be subjected to repeated impacts with a magnitude less than 22 J (corresponding to a drop height 0.61 m) without compromising its shock absorption performance. In comparison, the same construction helmet, when equipped with an air-bubble cushioning liner, can be subjected to repeated impacts of a magnitude of 54 J (corresponding to a drop height 1.52 m) without compromising its shock absorption performance. Conclusions The results indicate that the helmet's shock absorbing endurance limit has been increased by 145% with addition of an air-bubble cushioning liner.
Comorbid neuropathological diagnoses in early versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Co-pathologies play an important role in the expression of the Alzheimer's disease clinical phenotype and may influence treatment efficacy. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease, defined as manifesting before age 65, is viewed as a relatively pure form of Alzheimer's disease with a more homogeneous neuropathological substrate. We sought to compare the frequency of common neuropathological diagnoses in a consecutive autopsy series of 96 patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (median age of onset = 55 years, 44 females) and 48 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (median age of onset = 73 years, 14 females). The UCSF Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank database was reviewed to identify patients with a primary pathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Prevalence and stage of Lewy body disease, limbic age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), argyrophilic grain disease, hippocampal sclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and vascular brain injury were compared between the two cohorts. We found at least one non-Alzheimer's disease pathological diagnosis in 98% of patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (versus 100% of late onset), and the number of comorbid diagnoses per patient was lower in early-onset than in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (median = 2 versus 3, Mann-Whitney Z = 3.00, P = 0.002). Lewy body disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy were common in both early and late onset Alzheimer's disease (cerebral amyloid angiopathy: 86% versus 79%, Fisher exact P = 0.33; Lewy body disease: 49% versus 42%, P = 0.48, respectively), although amygdala-predominant Lewy body disease was more common in early than late onset Alzheimer's disease (22% versus 6%, P = 0.02). In contrast, LATE (35% versus 8%, P < 0.001), hippocampal sclerosis (15% versus 3%, P = 0.02), argyrophilic grain disease (58% versus 41%, P = 0.052), and vascular brain injury (65% versus 39%, P = 0.004) were more common in late than in early onset Alzheimer's disease, respectively. The number of co-pathologies predicted worse cognitive performance at the time of death on Mini-Mental State Examination [1.4 points/pathology (95% confidence interval, CI -2.5 to -0.2) and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (1.15 point/pathology, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.84)], across early and late onset cohorts. The effect of sex on the number of co-pathologies was not significant (P = 0.17). Prevalence of at least one APOE e4 allele was similar across the two cohorts (52% and 54%) and was associated with a greater number of co-pathologies (+0.40, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.79, P = 0.047), independent of age of symptom onset, sex, and disease duration. Females showed higher density of neurofibrillary tangles compared to males, controlling for age of onset, APOE e4, and disease duration. Our findings suggest that non-Alzheimer's disease pathological diagnoses play an important role in the clinical phenotype of early onset Alzheimer's disease with potentially significant implications for clinical practice and clinical trials design.
Importance of Internal Variability in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Disease.

ABSTRACT A well conducted randomised controlled trial (RCT) is extremely important in the field of cardiovascular medicine. At the same time, it is equally important to understand the strengths and limitations of any RCT, and internal variability is a concept in clinical trials that is poorly understood. Variability in a clinical trial may be introduced at an individual level or during measurement, sampling, or conduct of the trial. It is not the same as internal validity, which is a broader concept of accuracy; to be valid, a study should minimise variability and have sound methodology. There are various steps that may be followed to minimise the internal variability in a clinical trial. One aspect of great importance is the adjudication process, which should be done meticulously and is often a step that is overlooked. It is important to standardise each step as much as possible, to ensure consistency and reduce noise at all levels. The concepts discussed in this review may serve as a roadmap to limit the influence of internal variability and maximise internal validity of RCT results.
Specialty Bias in the NCDB.

Purpose/Objective(s) The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is an oncology outcomes database that has provided tremendous benefit to our collective understanding of cancer and how it can be more effectively treated. However, publications utilizing this large database often do not detail their methods in statistical analysis. Accepting that there are limitations and nuances associated with data collected from the NCDB raises an important question about whether investigators are more likely to subconsciously interpret the limitations and nuances of the data in a way that favors their own speciality. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is specialty bias regarding the conclusions reached in NCDB manuscripts. Materials/Methods A systematic literature search, 2019-2021, was conducted to identify studies that used data from the NCDB to compare treatment modalities across specialities. Manuscripts examining data where there is level I evidence or patterns of care were excluded. Primary author specialty (or senior author specialty if it was a student) was grouped into primarily medical, surgical, or radiation specialties. The comparative treatment arms of each study “winning” modality with associated hazard ratio were extracted from each study as well as if each study listed co-authors from other specialties. Chi-squared tests were performed to test the association between the primary author especially and the winning outcome. Logistic regressions were performed to test the association between the primary specialty and whether a survival benefit were significantly found in their favor. Results There were 86 studies identified, 39 Radiation Oncology, 41 Surgery, and 6 in Medical Oncology. There were 24,47,15, studies that assessed Radiation Vs. Surgery, Radiation Vs Surgery, and Surgery vs Medicine respectively. Compared to the other specialties Radiation Oncology was most likely to have co-authors from other studies (0.045). In terms of comparing arm across specialties while numerically medical oncology was most often to have results in favor of an alternative specialty (50%) compared to Radiation Oncology (39%) Surgical Oncology (45%) (P = 0.44). However, when evaluating the impact on having more coauthors from other specialties on the manuscripts the likelihood of the primary authors specialties concluding a survival benefit in favor of their own specialty significantly declined to 0.59(0.38-0.96; P = 0.041. Conclusion In this study we could not definitively show that any one specialty will significantly report of a survival benefit in favor of their own specialty automatically. However there appears to be an association between more collaborators and not concluding a survival benefit in favor of one's own specialty. Radiation Oncologist appear to collaborate more with people outside their specialty when performing large database studies. Large databases have biases and with the increasing rate with which they are being published require multidisciplinary collaboration.
Water deprivation associated with operant conditioning inhibits hypertensive disease in young spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The development of high blood pressure in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is inhibited by operant conditioning motivated by chronic water deprivation. The present study showed that the inhibition of hypertension was not due to the operant conditioning,per se, but was a result of chronic water deprivation (23.5 hr schedule) imposed on the rats from five through 12 weeks of age. Blood pressures were measured directly using a carotid artery cannula and light enflurane anesthesia. The behaviorally conditioned SHR and the water-deprived SHR controls had equal blood pressures and were significantly less hypertensive than untreated or enriched environment SHR groups. The antihypertensive action of water deprivation was not detected by weekly indirect blood pressure measurements made in the awake state. Nonetheless, the chronicity of the deprivation-induced inhibition of hypertension was confirmed by a lesser degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in the deprived SHR relative to the nondeprived SHR. Our behavioral results again demonstrated hyperreactivity in the SHR relative to the Wistar Kyoto (WKY). This behavioral hyperreactivity in the SHR may explain the exaggerated increase in drinking in the deprived SHR groups when returned toad lib conditions. The data of this study and our previous work suggest that arousal differences between SHR and WKY strains are more reliably differentiated by fixed interval schedules of reinforcement than by a fixed ratio schedule. Hyperarousal may precede hypertension in the SHR, but it is undetermined whether hypertension can be found in the absence of hyperarousal in these rats.
Reconstructing combinatorial geometries

Ulam-type reconstruction problems are given for combinatorial geometries. In particular the subgeometry generating function is evaluated from the subgeometry generating functions of single element deletions. This result is applied to graphs to give the chromatic polynomial (for vertices or regions) and a number of other invariants which can be computed from the deck of edge deletions.
Monotonicity of sequences approximating "ex"

Apparently, it has not previously been observed that as n → ∞, a sequence of the form with x <0 can first decrease for more than any arbitrarily specified number of terms before increasing monotoni...
Cultural basics and chronic illness

Cultural factors have significant impact on the clinical encounter between health care professionals and their patient-families. A good continuing relationship is essential for successful management of chronic disease. Misunderstandings predicated on implicit cultural assumptions are a frequent potential hazard. This review outlines some possible problems and concludes by making eight suggestions for culturally sensitive and medically effective communication.
Mine Electrical Systems, Part 1 [History]

Underground coal mining presents unique challenges for the safe application of electric power distribution and utilization. The power equipment and electric machinery in most industries are located in stationary and permanent facilities and are not subjected to extreme operating conditions. In contrast, coal mining is an ever-changing process in which electrically driven mobile machines continuously advance or retreat as coal is extracted. As a result, power equipment and cables, in addition to the mining machinery, must be moved regularly. The confined spaces and rough floor conditions of mine openings are not conducive to the gentle handling of equipment. Furthermore, the coal mining environment can be dusty, wet, and even explosive.