cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of bifurcation on numerical calculation of conjugate heat transfer with radiation

Abstract The behavior of numerical solutions to conjugate heat transfer problems when thermal radiation is significant is discussed. Hidden behavior that can prevent convergence of numerical techniques is shown through a simple example and comparison with analytical solution of the resulting quartic equation. The paper illustrates why the nonlinear form of the governing energy equations can present unexpected behavior in numerical solutions, and this can prevent converged solutions in many cases. Discussion of whether apparent bifurcation/chaos in the solution has meaning in this class of problems is discussed.
“Name the Republic that was joined to Russia in 2014:” Russia’s New Civics and History Test for Migrants

This article examines Russia’s civics and history test, which has been mandatory, since January 2015, for millions of labor migrants applying for a work permit. An analysis of the test’s content and of the context in which it was adopted provides a strong case to study how autocracies can use civics tests as instruments of control. Specifically, I argue that the test must be understood in light of Russia’s state-sponsored nationalism, latent xenophobic sentiments, and its increasingly restrictive and incoherent migration policy. Not only are many questions irrelevant or disconnected from migrants’ everyday concerns: their personal experiences of paying bribes, obtaining fake certificates, or being harassed by the police often contradict the correct answers on the exam. While it is doubtful that this test – along with several other new requirements imposed on migrants – will dissuade foreign laborers to seek employment in Russia, it is bound to make them even more vulnerable to bribes.
Dalton Trumbo: Blacklisted Hollywood Radical Larry Ceplair and Christopher Trumbo. University Press of Kentucky, 2015.

Dalton Trumbo: Blacklisted Hollywood Radical Larry Ceplair and Christopher Trumbo. University Press of Kentucky, 2015.The fate of famed screenwriter Dalton Trumbo and the other members of the Hollywood Ten has been a significant part of Hollywood lore for over a half century. It is a story that Hollywood loves to tell and has often told. Woody Allen gave us The Front in 1968, which, as its title implies, deals with how Trumbo and other writers wrote screenplays under pseudonyms. Irwin Winkler wrote and directed Guilt by Suspicion in 1991, starring Robert DeNiro. We are now in the midst of a major Trumbo and Hollywood Ten revival, which started with the 2015 filming of Trumbo, based on Bruce Cook's 1977 biography. We have also had a hilarious contrarian send-up of Hollywood Communists in the Coen Brothers' film, Hail, Caesar! (2016).The most significant work in this recent revival is the massive (676 pages) Larry Ceplair/Christopher Trumbo biography of Christopher's father, Dalton Trumbo: Blacklisted Hollywood Radical. Just as Tony Hiss spent much of his life trying to vindicate his father, Alger Hiss, Christopher Trumbo spent much of his trying to vindicate his father. Unfortunately, Christopher died before his major product could be completed. Knowing that he would not live to finish the book, Christopher asked Lawrence Ceplair to complete the project, which turned out to be a good choice. Ceplair is a good enough writer. He knows the historical material well, as we can see in his 2003 book, The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the FilmCommunity, 1930-60. Ceplair's most important attribute, from Christopher's point of view, is that he is fully in tune ideologically with both Trumbos.That last point suggests also the greatest weakness of the book. The promotional materials that accompany the book give us the standard line on Trumbo, that he is "remembered as one of the Hollywood Ten who opposed the House Un-American Activities Committee. Refusing to answer questions about his prior involvement with the Communist Party, Trumbo sacrificed a successful career in Hollywood to stand up for his rights and defend political freedom." The most obvious thing amiss about this statement is that Trumbo was not interested in political freedom (except for himself and his friends). As a Marxist, he saw American freedom representing no more than bourgeois capitalism stifling the poor and underprivileged. It is hard to conceal-and Ceplair does not really try- that Trumbo was a thoroughgoing Stalinist through the 1940s and early 1950s. With every twist and turn in party policy, Trumbo followed the party line, including the momentous (and gut-wrenching for many American Communists) change following the HitlerStalin Pact of 1939. It is an indicator of how delusional Trumbo could be in his political thinking that he would refer to Americans for Democratic Action (an anti-Communist organization formed by such notable liberals as Eleanor Roosevelt, Arthur M. …
Growth and Flowering Response of ‘May Night’ Salvia and ‘Butterfly Blue’ Scabiosa to Growth Retardants

Abstract In a 1999 experiment, Salvia x sylvestris ‘May Night’ and Scabiosa columbaria ‘Butterfly Blue’ were treated with the following plant growth retardants (PGRs) or PGR mixes: B-Nine (daminozide) at 5000 ppm (applied twice); B-Nine at 5000 ppm + Cycocel (chlormequat chloride) at 1500 ppm; Florel (ethephon) at 500 ppm (applied twice); B-Nine at 5000 ppm + Florel at 500 ppm; Sumagic (uniconazole) at 20 ppm; or B-Nine at 5000 ppm + Sumagic at 10 ppm. B-Nine effectively suppressed growth of salvia but not scabiosa, while Florel was effective on both salvia and scabiosa. However, Florel delayed flowering of both species by about 10 days. Sumagic at 20 ppm suppressed growth of scabiosa but not salvia. The PGR combination treatments, in general, were no more effective, and frequently less effective than the more effective PGR for a given species applied alone. In 2000 Florel was applied once to both salvia and scabiosa at 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm. B-Nine (5000 ppm) was also applied to salvia, and Suma...
Compressive Time-of-Flight Imaging

We propose an imaging architecture to achieve high spatial resolution ToF imaging via optical multiplexing and compressive sensing. We developed a prototype 1-megapixel compressive ToF camera that achieves as much as 4 × improvement in spatial resolution.
The Search for Middle Ground: Towards a Harmonized Interpretation of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act's New Pleading Standard

The promulgation of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act in 1995 was not without controversy, and its enactment into law did not end the debate over whether with the Act’s new procedural requirements, Congress may have set a bar so high that meritorious claims will not be substantively litigated. Instead, the controversy has continued in the courts. Since 1995, district judges have struggled with application of the new legal construct for assessing securities fraud class complaints, at times with antithetical results. This article analyzes the circuit court opinions that have applied the PSLRA’s pleading standards. It focuses on the courts’ interpretations of the statutory 'state of mind' and 'strong inference' requirements – explaining results and attempting to reconcile them one with another, while identifying trends in judicial construction. Similarly, the paper examines the varying courts’ views on the Act’s distinct 'pleading with particularity' requirement. This meticulous study of the PSLRA pleading standard furthers securities fraud scholarship by cutting through the confusion in the courts and by providing an insightful analysis of the statute’s effects on class action securities fraud suits.
Tropomyosin: regulator of actin filaments.

Cellular movement and function have long been known to depend on the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation. The actin cytoskeleton is the ultimate target of numerous cellular signaling pathways. The first signaling system understood in any detail was that of vertebrate skeletal muscle. Setsuro Ebashi, celebrated by this volume, was a pioneer through his role in showing that the calcium ion is the physiological regulator of muscle contraction followed by his landmark discovery and naming of troponin as the calcium ion receptor that regulates contraction through its interaction with tropomyosin and actin. Early work in the field is summarized in his remarkable 1968 review with M. Endo (Ebashi and Endo, 1968). There they put forth the evidence for a pathway by which activation of the muscle by an action potential would ultimately result in a contractile response consequent to the binding of calcium ion released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to troponin bound to tropomyosin on the actin filament. The concept of a signaling cascade is now central to any thinking about signaling pathways as we attempt to understand such mechanisms at the molecular level. Whereas troponin is found only in striated muscles, tropomyosin is expressed in virtually all eucaryotic cells and is recognized to be a universal actin filament regulator, versatile in its function despite its deceptively simple coiled coil structure. In this chapter we give an overview of tropomyosin’s multiple regulatory roles and insights into aspects of the structural basis for its functions, focusing on vertebrate forms. As such, this is a personal view rather than a comprehensive review that can be found elsewhere (Perry, 2001; Gunning et al., 2005).
ON THE NOTION OF TECHNOLOGY AS IDEOLOGY: PROSPECTS

A central feature in the history of Western modernization has been an ever-increasing reliance on technology in manufacturing services, information processing, communication, education, health care, and public administration. This reliance was anticipated and enthusiastically embraced by the early founders of modernity, especially Bacon and Descartes, and finally (much later than they would have predicted) became a reality in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Moreover, increasing technological power proved an especially valuable asset in liberal democratic societies. The surplus wealth made possible by such power appeared to allow a more egalitarian society, even if great inequalities persisted; representatives of such technical power could exhibit, publicly demonstrate, and so justify their power in ways more compatible with democratic notions of accountability; and a growing belief in the “system” of production and distribution as itself the possible object of technical expertise seemed to make possible the promise of a great collective benefit, given proper “management,” arising from the individual pursuit of self-interest promoted by market economies.
A variable high-order shock-capturing finite difference method with GP-WENO

Abstract We present a new finite difference shock-capturing scheme for hyperbolic equations on static uniform grids. The method provides selectable high-order accuracy by employing a kernel-based Gaussian Process (GP) data prediction method which is an extension of the GP high-order method originally introduced in a finite volume framework by the same authors. The method interpolates Riemann states to high order, replacing the conventional polynomial interpolations with polynomial-free GP-based interpolations. For shocks and discontinuities, this GP interpolation scheme uses a nonlinear shock handling strategy similar to Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO), with a novelty consisting in the fact that nonlinear smoothness indicators are formulated in terms of the Gaussian likelihood of the local stencil data, replacing the conventional L 2 -type smoothness indicators of the original WENO method. We demonstrate that these GP-based smoothness indicators play a key role in the new algorithm, providing significant improvements in delivering high – and selectable – order accuracy in smooth flows, while successfully delivering non-oscillatory solution behavior in discontinuous flows.
High Mir-17-92 Expression Is Associated with in Vitro chemoresistance in Burkitt Lymphoma

Abstract Background: Copy number gain and/or MYC induction leads to increased expression of miRs in the miR-17~92 cluster. Development of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is associated with translocation of MYC resulting in MYC expression and frequent recurrent copy number gains of chromosome 13q containing the miR-17~92 cluster of miRs. MiRs in the miR-17-92 cluster, including miR19 and miR17, have been associated with B-cell lymphomagenesis. Copy number gain of 13q and high expression of miR-17 have also been associated with possible inferior outcome in children with BL. MiR-17~92 miRs can decrease expression of the PI3K inhibiting protein PTEN leading to activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a pathway implicated in BL lymphomagenesis. These miRs also target the pro-apoptotic protein BIM, suppression of which has also been associated with chemoresistance in BL. Objectives: Investigate the in vitro effect of altered miR-17-92 expression on chemoresponsiveness in BL cells. Methods: MiR expression was determined by qPCR. The miR-17-92 locus was deleted in Raji cells using custom CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral vectors. Single cell-derived clones, R5 and R24, were established and locus deletion determined by genomic DNA PCR. Protein expression and Caspase cleavage was assessed by western blotting. Apoptosis induction was determined by flow cytometry for Annexin V-propidium iodide staining. Cell viability following exposure to chemotherapy was determined by AlamarBlue assay. SCID mice were inoculated with Raji or R24 cells by tail vein injection and survival determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Hind limb paralysis was used as an end-point for survival. Antagomir targeting miR17 was transduced into Raji cells by electroporation. Results: Chemotherapy resistant Raji 4RH cells exhibit increased miR17 and miR19 expression and increased PI3K/AKT pathway activation compared to parental Raji. R5 and R24 Raji KO lines exhibit decreased miR17 and miR19 expression and increased expression of miR targets PTEN and BIM. When xenografted into SCID mice, R24 cells demonstrated a significant prolongation in survival compared to Raji (Raji vs R24: median 29 days vs not reached at 150 days, P Conclusion: High expression of miR17-92 cluster miRs is associated with in vitro chemotherapy resistance. Knockout of the MIR17HG gene in BL cells results in impaired proliferation, impaired in vivo engraftement with prolonged survival in SCID mice and increased in vitro chemoresponsiveness associated with an increase in expression of PTEN and BIM. Targeting of miR17 using an antagomir approach resulted in increased PTEN and BIM and increased chemoresponsiveness. These findings highlight the role of MYC-associated miRs in in vitro chemoresistance in BL cells warranting continued investigation as a possible therapeutic target for relapsed/refractory BL. Download : Download high-res image (383KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Unchallenged Deceptions in Social and Professional Relationships

The Russian word Vranyo describes social interactions where a speaker lies, an audience realizes that they are being lied to, and both parties pretend that nothing deceptive is happening. Scholarship on deceptive communication often focuses on problems in detecting deception and less on how audiences react to perceived lies. One reaction is to appear gullible and not confront liars. When deceptions are identifiable, why do audiences decide not to accuse speakers of lying? Drawing on sociological theories, this chapter presents five explanations for unchallenged deceptions: conforming by helping people sustain normal appearances, power inequalities, relationship maintenance, burden of proof issues, and pursuing individual ambition. The chapter concludes by suggesting questions for further research on unchallenged deceptions.
Triplet Excited-State Energetics and Dynamics in Molecular “Roller Wheels”

We report the photoinduced excited-state dynamics of a series of novel Pt(II)-bisacetylide containing conjugated small molecules that possess geometric shapes resembling “roller wheels,” but that d...
Mythical Mentality and Its Three Stages

Primitive thinking, as well as primitive social organizations, has undergone stadial development throughout its existence. I will focus on its three paradigmatic turns: from the most archaic stratum of human existence – from primordial integrity to the emergence of universal dichotomies and further, from the universal dichotomies to the emergence of dualism.
A Flip-Chip Capable Low-Side and High-Side SOI Gate Driver with Variable Drive Strength for GaN Power FETs

A variable drive strength gate driver for gallium nitride (GaN) power FETs intended for a 6.6 kW EV charger is presented. The driver incorporates low-side and high-side channels in a single integrated circuit that is flip-chip capable. The gate driver has been designed in a 0.18 μm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process featuring deep trench isolation, 1.8 V and 5 V CMOS devices, and DMOS devices rated up to 200 V. The on-chip protection circuitry includes an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) in both channels, desaturation detection, and a V DS sensing circuit for the low-side power FET. The novel V DS sensing implementation enables the gate driver to have a dynamically controlled source current, programmable between 0.15 A and 2.4 A, to mitigate excessive ringing. Both low and high-side channels have a sink current of 5 A. The gate driver IC also includes active Miller clamping, a low-side to high-side level shifter, and a power supply for each channel.
Identifying Predictive Characteristics of Opioid Medication Use among a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Older Adults with Pain and Comorbid Hypertension or Hypercholesterolemia.

The prevalence of older adults with pain and comorbid cardiovascular conditions is increasing in the United States (U.S.). This retrospective, cross-sectional database study used 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data and hierarchical logistic regression models to identify predictive characteristics of opioid use among a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults (aged ≥50 years) with pain in the past four weeks and comorbid hypertension (pain–hypertension group) or hypercholesterolemia (pain–hypercholesterolemia group). The pain–hypertension group included 2733 subjects (n = 803 opioid users) and the pain–hypercholesterolemia group included 2796 subjects (n = 795 opioid users). In both groups, predictors of opioid use included: White race versus others, Hispanic versus non-Hispanic ethnicity, 1 versus ≥5 chronic conditions, little/moderate versus quite a bit/extreme pain, good versus fair/poor perceived mental health, functional limitation versus no functional limitation, smoker versus non-smoker, and Northeast versus West census region. In addition, Midwest versus West census region was a predictor in the pain–hypertension group, and 4 versus ≥5 chronic conditions was a predictor in the pain–hypercholesterolemia group. In conclusion, several characteristics of older U.S. adults with pain and comorbid hypertension or hypercholesterolemia were predictive of opioid use. These characteristics could be addressed to optimize individuals’ pain management and help address the opioid overdose epidemic.
3XOR Games with Perfect Commuting Operator Strategies Have Perfect Tensor Product Strategies and are Decidable in Polynomial Time.

We consider 3XOR games with perfect commuting operator strategies. Given any 3XOR game, we show existence of a perfect commuting operator strategy for the game can be decided in polynomial time. Previously this problem was not known to be decidable. Our proof leads to a construction, showing a 3XOR game has a perfect commuting operator strategy iff it has a perfect tensor product strategy using a 3 qubit (8 dimensional) GHZ state. This shows that for perfect 3XOR games the advantage of a quantum strategy over a classical strategy (defined by the quantum-classical bias ratio) is bounded. This is in contrast to the general 3XOR case where the optimal quantum strategies can require high dimensional states and there is no bound on the quantum advantage. To prove these results, we first show equivalence between deciding the value of an XOR game and solving an instance of the subgroup membership problem on a class of right angled Coxeter groups. We then show, in a proof that consumes most of this paper, that the instances of this problem corresponding to 3XOR games can be solved in polynomial time.
Judicial Merit Selection: Beliefs about Fairness and the Undermining of Gender Diversity on the Bench:

Much attention is paid to how mechanisms for selecting political officials shape which types of officials hold positions of power, but selection procedures do not always produce the desired outcome...
Motivated reasoning and climate change

Despite a strong scientific consensus, there remains a substantial partisan divide in the U.S. regarding belief in, and attitudes toward, human-caused climate change. A preeminent explanation of this phenomenon is directional ‘motivated reasoning’, in which new information is processed in service of reaching a pre-determined, desired conclusion. Much existing work theorizes that partisan polarization occurs because members of the two political parties are assimilating new information to fulfill different desired conclusions, rooted in different party norms, values, or prior standing beliefs. However, recent work challenges this account. The next generation of work on motivated reasoning and climate change beliefs must address these challenges by distinguishing between distinct motivations that may drive motivated reasoning—most significantly, by identifying when partisans are truly striving to reach a desired conclusion and when they are striving to be accurate.
Impact of Truck Parking Facilities on Commercial and Industrial Land Values: A Spatial Hedonic Model:

Strategic locations for truck parking capacity expansion should be selected to maximize benefits to drivers and industry while minimizing negative externalities to communities. To select strategic ...
Admission Control and Scheduling of Isochronous Traffic in IEEE 802.11ad MAC

An upsurge of low latency and bandwidth hungry applications such as virtual reality, augmented reality and availability of unlicensed spectrum in the mmWave band at 60 GHz have led to standardization of the next generation WiFi such as IEEE 802.11ad and 802.11ay. Due to the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of those applications, 802.11ad/ay have introduced contention free channel access called Service Period, which provides dedicated channel access exclusively reserved for communication between a pair of nodes. One type of user traffic supported by IEEE 802.11ad is isochronous traffic, which is essentially periodic traffic that requires certain channel time to be allocated before its period ends. So, isochronous traffic needs guaranteed channel time allocation with stringent deadlines. In this paper, we present three Admission Control Algorithms (ACAs) which admit isochronous requests to achieve the above goals while being fair. We also present an Earliest Deadline First (EDF) based scheduling algorithm for isochronous traffic. We evaluate the performance of the three ACAs in terms of different performance metrics. Our simulation results show that, out of the three ACAs, the proportional fair allocation based algorithm offers the best tradeoff across different performance metrics.
Immunization: an embarrassing failure.

Poor immunization practices create special problems. Polio, measles, rubella, and mumps immunizations have drastically reduced the incidence of these diseases and thereby also reduced the opportunity for children to acquire immunity by mild or assymptomatic naturalinfection. Children who are unimmunized are thus likely to remain susceptible into adult life. Infantsborn to unimmunized mothers are likely to be susceptible to these diseases in the first few months of life, when the effect of such infection, particularly on the central nervous system, may be far more serious. Ineffective immunization practices may thus actually increase the proportion of adults and newborn infants susceptible to polio, rubella, measles, and mumps and could radically alter the epidemiology of these diseases.
Capacitive sensor interfacing using sigma-delta techniques

A monolithic precision capacitive sensor interface based on a Sigma-Delta core is presented. All necessary functions such as sensor excitation, temperature sensor, voltage reference, etc. are included. Traditionally the most widely used method for digitizing the output of a capacitive sensor was to first convert the capacitance to a voltage, followed by a regular ADC. The presented interface circuit directly converts a capacitance to a digital word, at high resolution (2aF/sqrtHz), high linearity (100ppm) and high accuracy (4fF). The circuit is based on a novel modification to a standard switched-cap Sigma-Delta modulator. The fixed input capacitor in the switched capacitor front-end is replaced by the external variable sensor capacitance, and a fixed voltage is applied in place of the normal variable voltage input. A fully differential circuit is used in conjunction with a switching technique which allows for cancellation of leakage current errors. The circuit is also insensitive to parasitic capacitance to ground
Tungiasis in New York.

A 33-year-old African woman was evaluated for tender nodules on her feet. Accompanied by her four children, she had recently immigrated from Somalia. Before her immigration, she resided in a Kenyan refugee camp for approximately 1 year, where she walked barefoot in sand and dirt. The patient stated that she and her four children, as well as many people living in the same compound, had similar, tender lesions on their feet. Her children were “treated” by their grandmother, who removed the contents of their lesions with a safety pin. On physical examination the patient had numerous tender, isolated, and clustered hyperkeratotic, crusted papules, measuring 4–6 mm, on the plantar and periungual surfaces. Several lesions were ulcerated (Figs 1 and 2). The hyperkeratotic masses were debrided with a surgical blade. An intact, white, coiled structure was curetted from each papule, leaving numerous empty crater-like lesions (Fig. 3), which were identified on histologic sections as Tunga penetrans. Microscopic examination of unstained specimens showed branching, thin, translucent tubular structures with numerous eggs. Ring-shaped cross-sections of the organism's respiratory and digestive tracts were seen on hematoxylin and eosin stain (Fig. 4). The patient received a 10-day course of dicloxacillin and topical bacitracin ointment. All lesions were healed within 1 week of therapy.
cGMP amplification of pulmonary arterial myocyte Ca2+ waves is preferentially impaired in high altitude-induced hypoxic fetal sheep (1089.7)

High altitude is a risk factor in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Treatment often includes the use of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors of PDE3 (milrinone, cAMP) and PDE5 (sildenaf...
Socrates: The First Professor.

History provides us with many heroes after whom we can model our actions. The professoriate has its own historical figures who may be called “heroic professors”. This article proposes Socrates as an archetype of the heroic professor. An analysis of the career, character, and teaching methods of Socrates is used to identify essential qualities which define the professoriate. Further, the example of Socrates can inform and inspire our teaching today.
Spherical Indentation of SiC

Instrumented Hertzian indentation testing was performed on several grades of SiCs and the results and preliminary interpretations are presented. The grades included hot-pressed and sintered compositions. One of the hot-pressed grades was additionally subjected to high temperature heat treatment to produce a coarsened grain microstructure to enable the examination of exaggerated grain size on indentation response. Diamond spherical indenters were used in the testing. Indentation load, indentation depth of penetration, and acoustic activity were continually measured during each indentation test. Indentation response and postmortem analysis of induced damage (e.g., ring/cone, radial and median cracking, quasi-plasticity) are compared and qualitatively as a function of grain size. For the case of SiC-N, the instrumented spherical indentation showed that yielding initiated at an average contact stress 12-13 GPa and that there was another event (i.e., a noticeable rate increase in compliance probably associated with extensive ring and radial crack formations) occurring around an estimated average contact stress of 19 GPa.
Women and Mental Health: A Review of Feminist Change Efforts

A CENTRAL CONCERN of the women's movement has been the damage done to women's psychological well-being by traditional views of women and femininity. This paper will review some of the negative effects of social factors on women's psychological well-being and will discuss four areas in which feminists are striving to change the mental health system.
The morphology of massive, gas-rich low surface brightness galaxies

One of the more surprising discoveries in the recent work on low surface brightness galaxies (LSBs) is that a significant number are massive and possess significant quantities of atomic gas. Disk galaxies with sizes approaching that of Malin 1 (MHI ∼ 2×1011 M⊙; D ∼ 147 kpc, H0 = 75 km s-1 Mpc-1; Impey and Bothun 1989) have been identified through the use of the Palomar Sky Surveys, with follow-up studies in HI. While many of these galaxies have large amounts of atomic gas and unusually blue disk colors, they have only weak regions of Hα emission, indicating little ongoing massive star formation, and their low surface brightnesses suggest extremely low stellar surface densities. The blue disk colors have ruled out the hypothesis that all LSBs are faded galaxies, but the difficulty in disentangling the difference between low metallicity and young stellar populations based on broadband optical colors has hindered understanding their stellar evolutionary history. It has been suggested (McGaugh 1992) that some LSBs may, in fact, be undergoing their first episodes of star formation since there is little evidence of a difference in the distribution of light in U BV RI images. The LSBs in his sample are largely dwarf systems, however, and the situation is not necessarily comparable for more massive LSBs.
Effects of Molybdate and Selenite on Formate and Nitrate Metabolism in Escherichia coli

The effects of adding molybdate and selenite to a glucose-minimal salts medium on the formation of enzymes involved in the anaerobic metabolism of formate and nitrate in Escherichia coli have been studied. When cells were grown anaerobically in the presence of nitrate, molybdate stimulated the formation of nitrate reductase and a b-type cytochrome, resulting in cells that had the capacity for active nitrate reduction in the absence of formate dehydrogenase. Under the same conditions, selenite in addition to molybdate was required for forming the enzyme system which permits formate to serve as an effective electron donor for nitrate reduction. When cells were grown anaerobically on a glucose-minimal salts medium without nitrate, active hydrogen production from formate as well as formate dehydrogenase activity depended on the presence of both selenite and molybdate. The effects of these metals on the formation of formate dehydrogenase was blocked by chloramphenicol, suggesting that protein synthesis is required for the increases observed. It is proposed that the same formate dehydrogenase is involved in nitrate reduction, hydrogen production, and in aerobic formate oxidation.
A Single Caudally Based Frontonasal Bone Flap for Treatment of Bilateral Mucocele in the Paranasal Sinuses of an American Miniature Horse

Objective To describe successful surgical treatment of bilateral mucocele in an American Miniature horse using a single bone flap to approach right and left paranasal sinuses simultaneously. Study Design Clinical report. Animal A castrated 6-year-old American Miniature Horse with a bilateral mucocele of the paranasal sinuses. Methods A single bilateral frontonasal sinus flap was used in a standing procedure to access the left and right conchofrontal sinuses simultaneously to remove the mucous contents and to establish permanent drainage into the nasal cavities. Results The novel procedure used in this horse allowed excellent access to right and left paranasal sinuses simultaneously and completely resolved nasal discharge and difficulty breathing. Conclusions A single, bilateral frontonasal sinus flap can be used successfully as a standing procedure to treat bilateral sinonasal disease in horses.
A DEMAND PREDICTION TECHNIQUE FOR ITEMS IN MILITARY INVENTORY SYSTEMS

Abstract : A brief description of a new general approach to demand prediction problems is given. This is based on the demand characteristics of parent components and the parts installed in these components. A specific model is presented which employs this information. The paper concludes with empirical tests fof the model. (Author)
Assembly of Bimetallic Gold−Silver Nanoparticles via Selective Interparticle Dicarboxylate−Silver Linkages

This article describes findings of an investigation of the thin-film assembly of binary metal nanoparticles via interparticle linkages of dicarboxylic acid mediators at selective metal sites. Decanethiol- (DT-) capped gold−silver (Au−Ag) alloy nanoparticles of ∼3-nm core sizes were chosen as a model system because of the unique carboxylate−Ag+ binding chemistry and the well-defined thiolate-capping capability at Au. The dicarboxylate-mediated thin-film assembly of Au−Ag nanoparticles was characterized using UV−vis, TEM, XPS, FTIR, and NMR techniques. The results from controlling the oxidative or reductive conditions reveal that the oxidation of Ag to Ag+ on the alloy nanocrystal surface played an important role in the selective ligand exchange and interparticle linkage by dicarboxylic acids (e.g., hexadecanedioic acid, HDA). The formation of the thin-film assembly is dependent on both the alloy composition of the Au−Ag nanoparticles and the chain length of the dicarboxylic acids. The degree for an HDA−DT/...
Estimating spatial and parameter error in parameterized nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations

A new approach is proposed for the a posteriori error estimation of both global spatial and parameter error in parameterized nonlinear reaction–diffusion problems. The technique is based on linear equations relating the linearized spatial and parameter error to the weak residual. Computable local element error indicators are derived for local contributions to the global spatial and parameter error, along with corresponding global error indicators. The effectiveness of the error indicators is demonstrated using model problems for the case of regular points and simple turning points. In addition, a new turning point predictor and adaptive algorithm for accurately computing turning points are introduced. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies in haploidentical stem cell transplantation in adults.

Haploidentical related donors are alternative stem cell sources for patients without human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related or unrelated donors. Immediate access to the donor, availability for patients with rare haplotypes, ease of stem cell procurement, and lack of a requirement for a physical cord blood bank or an extensive HLA database render this type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation particularly attractive despite the high histoincompatibility barrier between the recipient and the haploidentical graft. In this review, we answer the following questions: 1) What are the current transplant strategies used to overcome the histoincompatibility barrier in haploidentical stem cell transplantation and their clinical results? 2) How should we choose the donor when there is more than one available haploidentical donor? 3) How does transplantation from haploidentical donors compare to that from umbilical cord blood? Conflict of interest:None declared.
Multifrequency Probe for Pulsed EPR and ENDOR Spectroscopy

Abstract The design, construction, and performance of a multifrequency pulsed EPR and ENDOR probe for use at cryogenic temperatures are described. Interchangeable resonators based on a folded strip line design allow variation of the resonance frequency over a range of 5–11 GHz. Variable coupling to the resonator is achieved capacitively via a simple mechanical adjustment which is thermally and mechanically stable. The entire assembly is robust and easily fabricated. Common methods of analyzing the resonator parameters such as the Q -factor and coupling coefficient are discussed quantitatively. Probe performance data and multifrequency pulsed ENDOR spectra are presented.
Inquiring Communally, Acting Collectively: The Community Literacy of the Academy-Women eMentor Portal and Facebook Group

Women who work in highly male-dominated fields such as science and the military often find it difficult to establish a place for themselves within their workplace communities. In this essay, I examine how two related online communities for military women enable participants to overcome their workplace isolation, form a collective consciousness, find positive mentorship, and develop a community literacy that affords them a voice through which to enact both personal and public change.
Constitutive and Jasmonate-Inducible Traits of Datura wrightii

Plants in the family Solanaceae possess numerous traits that are induced from damage from herbivores. Many of these also can be induced by exposing plants to the plant hormone jasmonic acid or its volatile ester methyl jasmonate. Datura wrightii (Solanaceae) is dimorphic for leaf trichome morphology in most southern California populations. Trichome phenotype is governed by a single gene, and the glandular trichome condition is dominant and under developmental control. This study addressed two major objectives. The first was to determine if mature plants with glandular or nonglandular trichomes responded differentially to methyl jasmonate. The second objective was to determine if exposure of seedlings to methyl jasmonate during the period of trichome differentiation altered either the phenotype or the density of trichomes that mature plants expressed. Methyl jasmonate induced from 200 to 800 μg/ml of proteinase inhibitor activity and increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase by more than threefold depending on the experiment. These increases did not differ significantly between plants expressing glandular or nonglandular trichomes. Methyl jasmonate exposure did not increase the activity of peroxidase or the concentration of scopolamine or hyoscyamine, the two major alkaloids of Datura. Exposure to methyl jasmonate during trichome differentiation did not affect either the final trichome phenotype or the density of either type of trichome, but did increase the production of acylsugars in glandular trichomes by 44%. Because trichome phenotype was not inducible, and because both trichome phenotypes showed similar increases in proteinase inhibitors and polyphenol oxidase activity, the methyl-jasmonate-inducible responses of D. wrightii are independent of trichome phenotype in D. wrightii.
Further evidence for a functionalist approach to translation quality evaluation

Colina (2008) proposes a componential-functionalist approach to translation quality evaluation and reports on the results of a pilot test of a tool designed according to that approach. The results show good inter-rater reliability and justify further testing. The current article presents an experiment designed to test the approach and tool. Data was collected during two rounds of testing. A total of 30 raters, consisting of Spanish, Chinese and Russian translators and teachers, were asked to rate 4�5 translated texts (depending on the language). Results show that the tool exhibits good inter-rater reliability for all language groups and texts except Russian and suggest that the low reliability of the Russian raters� scores is unrelated to the tool itself. The findings are in line with those of Colina (2008).
Gender Constancy and Same-Sex Imitation: A Developmental Study.

Summary Recent research has indicated that cognitive-developmental processes (i.e., awareness of gender constancy) may have an important impact on children's sex-role development. The present study, based on the work of Slaby and Frey, interviewed 51 preschool children individually to assess their awareness of gender constancy and their choice of same-sex models. The findings suggest that the relationship may be more complex than originally assumed. Imitation of same-sex models performing relatively neutral activities was not more likely among high gender-constant children (aware that their gender cannot change) than among low gender-constant children (not certain whether their gender is fixed and unchanging). However, when given a choice between imitating a same-sex model performing a relatively unpleasant task and an opposite-sex model enacting a more pleasant behavior, high gender-constant children were more likely to indicate an imitative preference for the same-sex model than low gender-constant chil...
Trans-Sodium Crocetinate Improves Outcomes in Rodent Models of Occlusive and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Abstract Trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) is a novel carotenoid compound capable of enhancing the diffusion of small molecules in aqueous solutions. TSC improves the diffusion of oxygen and glucose, and increases oxygenation in ischemic brain tissue. TSC also dampens the intensity of an ischemic challenge during an ongoing ischemic event. The current study examined the impact of TSC in rat models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Rat three vessel occlusion (3VO), and combined 3VO and one vessel occlusion (3VO/1VO) models of ischemic stroke were evaluated for structural and behavioral outcomes. The effects of TSC were also tested in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Delayed treatment with TSC reduced infarct volume in a rodent model of transient focal ischemia involving either 2 or 6 h of ischemia. Neurological outcomes, based on a multi-scale assessment and automated gait analysis, also were improved by TSC treatment. Additionally, TSC reduced edema and hemorrhagic volume in a rat model of ICH. An optimal therapeutic candidate for early intervention in ischemic stroke should be effective when administered on a delayed basis and should not aggravate outcomes associated with hemorrhagic stroke. The current findings demonstrate that delayed TSC treatment improves outcomes in experimental models of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Together, these findings suggest that TSC may be a safe and beneficial therapeutic modality for early stroke intervention, irrespective of the type of stroke involved.
Acceleration of Postmortem Tenderization in Ovine Carcasses Through Activation of Ca2+ ‐Dependent Proteases

Infusion of lamb carcasses with 0.3M CaCl2 resulted in acceleration of postmortem tenderization process. Control and treated animals had similar cathepsin B, H, and L activities. Various control groups had similar CDP-I, -II and inhibitor activities, whereas these were all decreased in CaCl2 infused animals. Hence, it was concluded that the activation of Ca2+ -dependent proteases was responsible for the observed postmortem proteolysis and tenderization and, it seems unlikely that activity of these cathepsins is related to postmortem tenderization under conditions used in this experiment.
The importance of unresolved fatigue in depression: costs and comorbidities

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost outcomes of patients with a history of depression and clinically significant fatigue. METHODS: Adults with ≥2 claims with depression diagnosis codes identified from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database were invited to participate in this study linking survey data with retrospective claims data (12-mo presurvey and postsurvey periods). Patient surveys included measures for depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology), fatigue (Fatigue Associated with Depression Questionnaire), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), sleep difficulty (Athens Insomnia Scale), and pain (Brief Pain Inventory). After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics using propensity scores, postsurvey costs were compared between patients with and without fatigue using nonparametric bootstrapping methods. RESULTS: Of the 1982 patients who had completed the survey and had complete claims data, 653 patients had significant levels of fatigue. Patients with fatigue reported significantly higher scores, indicating greater severity, on measures of depression, pain, sleep difficulty, and anxiety (all p CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant fatigue appears to add to the economic burden of depression. This reinforces the need for aggressive treatment of all symptoms and further examination of the variability of this relationship as patients approach remission. Language: en
Integration of Mobile Technology in Educational Materials Improves Participation: Creation of a Novel Smartphone Application for Resident Education

Objective Traditional education consists of didactics and book learning. Recently, technology has been integrated into graduate medical education, primarily in the form of simulation. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if a novel smartphone application using technology to engage learners would improve participation in an educational activity when compared with a daily e-mail format and how this use translated to performance on standardized testing. Design The UF Surgery App (App), which is a smartphone application, was developed to deliver 2 questions from a general surgery educational database every weekday from October to February 2013. The App, developed for iOS, featured a notification alarm and a reminder icon to actively engage the learner. Learners who used the App responded to multiple-choice questions and were provided instantaneous feedback in the form of a correct answer with an explanation. The response rate and answers were collected prospectively and compared with the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination score. Setting University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, a university teaching hospital. Participants A total of 46 general surgical residents were enrolled in a university training program. Participation was voluntary. Results Overall, 26 of 46 (57%) residents participated. Of the users, 70% answered more than 20% of the questions, while 46% responded to more than 70% of questions. The percentage of correct answers on the App was positively correlated with standardized score (p = 0.005), percentage correct (p = 0.02), and percentile (p = 0.034) on the ABSITE examination. Conclusions Technology can be used to actively engage residents. Deployment of this novel App improved participation over a daily question-answer e-mail format, and answers correlated with standardized test performance. The effect of the App on overall education is unclear, and a multi-institutional study has been initiated.
High levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone immunoactivity in maternal and fetal plasma during pregnancy.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone immunoactivity (CRHi) was measured in the plasma of 31 pregnant women and 6 nonpregnant women as well as in the umbilical cord plasma of 40 term fetuses. CRHi was not detectable (>44 pg/ ml) in the plasma of 6 nonpregnant women or in 6 women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Mean plasma CRHi rose progressively to 58 † 18 and 270 † 68 pg/ml during the second and third trimesters, respectively, and again became undetectable within 24 h after delivery. Mean CRHi in 40 umbilical cord plasma samples was 136 † 16 pg/ml. Gel filtration of both fetal and maternal plasma showed that the majority of the CRHi eluted in the same position as synthetic human CRH. There was no significant correlation between CRHi and either /8-endorphin or ACTH in umbilical cord plasma, suggesting that this CRHi may not be primarily responsible for the release of β-endorphin and ACTH into fetal plasma at delivery. A close correlation (r = 0.82) was found between simultaneously obtained maternal and umb...