cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of metastatic malignant melanoma resembling a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

We report a case of metastatic malignant melanoma resembling amalignant peripheral sheath tumor, which posed a signiﬁcantdiagnostic challenge. The patient is a 76-year-old male, who pre-sented in the emergency room with bilateral chest pain exacer-bated by inspiration. The pain was present for 3 week and wasnot exacerbated by physical exercise. The diagnostic workuprevealed bilateral parenchymal pulmonary inﬁltrates. The CT-scanguided ﬁne-needle aspiration and the core biopsies of the largestpulmonary lesion revealed high-grade spindle cell neoplasm withindividual cell apoptosis and necrosis. The immunohistochemicalproﬁle on the cell block showed that the cells are positive forVimentin. The S-100 stain showed only focal positivity. The immu-nohistochemical stains for HMB45, Melan A, pancytokeratin, andsmooth muscle actin were negative. Five years ago the patientwas diagnosed with melanoma on the back with Clark level of IV.The melanoma was excised with clear margins and sentinel lymphnodes were negative. Careful examination of patient’s previousslides revealed an area of spindle cell melanoma adjacent to anodular type melanoma. Based on the patient’s previous history,current clinico-pathologic presentation and immunohistochemicalproﬁle, the diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma resem-bling peripheral nerve sheath tumor was favored over the diagno-sis of metastatic malignant spindle cell neoplasm of unknown pri-mary site, which by itself is very rare clinical scenario. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2008;36:754–757.
Three phase LLC resonant converter with D-DLL control technique for EV battery chargers

In this paper, Digital Delayed Locked Loop (D-DLL) control technique is applied to the three phase LLC resonant converter for Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charger applications. In order to improve charging efficiency, switching losses must be reduced to have a maximum energy transfer among the variable converter components. Also, fast and secure battery charging requires controlling the voltage and current values at the battery terminals. The presented control technique is implemented under soft switching conditions with variable load and variable input voltages. The three phase dc/dc resonant converter, fed by a power-factor-corrector (PFC) with 380–400 V output, provides 360 V / 22.5 A at 8 kW maximum power. At the same time, the output regulation is realized from PFC with a variable dc link. The application results show that soft switching are maintained under different input voltage and output load conditions.
Citizenship behavior and fairness in organizations: Issues and directions for future research

In this review, we discuss the preceding papers in the special issue, and explore their implications for future research. In particular, the effects of fairness on citizenship behaviors are summarized, the role of managerial responses to OCBs on subsequent perceptions of fairness are explored, and directions for future research are discussed.
Some effects of dehydration on internal distributions of water and solutes in Xenopus laevis

Abstract 1. 1. In relation to body weight changes resulting from evaporative water losses of up to 37% of initial body weight: 1.1. (a) Plasma chloride and potassium concentrations increased in proportion to total body water losses. 1.2. (b) Plasma urea concentrations increased at greater rates than expected from the sum of basal synthesis and dehydration. 1.3. (c) Plasma sodium concentrations initially increased less rapidly than expected from total body water losses, but by losses of 30% of initial body weight closely approximated predicted concentrations. 1.4. (d) Plasma volumes decreased slightly faster than expected, while hematocrits increased as expected. 2. 2. Skeletal muscles and the ventricular muscles of the heart retained water to greater degrees than expected. Dehydration did not elicit net shifts in Na + K + , Cl − or amino acids between the intracellular and extracellular compartments in either skeletal muscle or ventricle.
Preparation and characterization of compounds of the system FeAs2−xSex

Abstract Compounds of the system FeAs2−xSex were ynthesized both as polycrystalline powders by direct combination of the elements and as single crystals by chemical vapor transport. Electrical and magnetic measurements were made on well-characterized samples. These measurements showed that the substitution of selenium for arsenic in the diamagnetic semiconductor FeAs2 results in metallic, paramagnetic behavior. These results are consistent with a band model proposed by Goodenough for compounds crystallizing in the marcasite structure.
Vanadate stimulates Na+H+ exchange activity in A431 cells

Abstract Recent studies have established that polypeptide growth factors cause an elevation of the cytoplasmic pH (pHi) in cultured mammalian cells by stimulating Na + H + exchange. We show that vanadate, previously found to act as a mitogen for a number of cells, reversibly activates Na + H + exchange at micromolar concentrations in A431 cells, leading to a large increase of pHi. The stimulation of Na + H + exchange by vanadate is not due to inhibition of the Na + H + ATPase and is unrelated to possible effects of vanadate on cAMP levels. Elevation of pHi by vanadate and by epidermal growth factor (EGF) both display similar kinetics, and both EGF and vanadate stimulate the rate of pHi recovery following an acute acid load, suggesting that vanadate stimulates Na + H + exchange by a mechanism similar to that of polypeptide growth factor stimulation. Thus, stimulation of Na + H + exchange may be a common property not only of polypeptide growth factors but also of other, chemically unrelated mitogens.
Forms of collaboration in high performance computing: exploring implications for learning

Successful collaboration is not only an occasion for the accomplishment of shared goals, but also provides opportunities for individual collaborators to learn from each other. Extended interaction allows for participants to resolve personal and professional differences and thus create a foundation for successful collaboration. This paper contrasts opportunities for learning in short-term and long-term collaboration in the context of scientists working with High Performance Computing (HPC) system experts. It explores how factors conducive to successful collaboration in longer, more tightly organized collaboration might be adapted in more transient collaboration between scientists and HPC consultants.
Perish ‐ on the World Wide Web

Describes the procedures and pitfalls of publishing on the Web: document creation; HTML formatting; CGI scripts; personal, shared and central servers; etc.
Perfluorochemical emulsions can increase tumor radiosensitivity

An oxygen-carrying perfluorochemical emulsion enhanced the effectiveness of radiation therapy in two transplantable solid tumors in mice. The perfluorochemical emulsion had no effect on tumor growth after x-irradiation, but delayed tumor growth significantly when administered to oxygen-breathing mice before or during irradiation.
Using chemopreventive agents to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy.

Emerging evidence suggests that cancer preventative agents might be combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for the more effective treatment of cancer. Recent studies suggest that genistein and other dietary compounds that prevent cancer may enhance the efficacy of cancer therapeutics by modifying the activity of key cell proliferation and survival pathways, such as those controlled by Akt, nuclear factor-κB, and cyclooxygenase-2. In this article, we summarize the findings of recent investigations of chemopreventive agents in combination with cancer treatment regimens. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7):3347-50)
Chemical treatment of commercial reverse osmosis membranes for use in FO

Abstract Commercially available reverse osmosis (RO) membranes – SW30HR, BW30, and AG – were chemically treated for use in forward osmosis (FO). Nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, ethanol, and ethanol–acid–water ternary solutions were employed for the treatment. All three membranes, after treatment by nitric acid, ethanol, and ethanol–acid–water solutions, demonstrated significant flux enhancement (as much as 40 times higher) compared to their untreated counterparts. The SW30HR membrane treated by ethanol showed the lowest reverse salt flux among the treated membranes. Extensive changes to the barrier layer of the SW30HR membrane after ethanol treatment were observed using ATR-FTIR, XPS, and contact angle measurements. It appears that the PVA coating of the SW30HR membrane was either partially or totally removed. The reduction/removal of the PVA layer in conjunction with higher wettability of the substrate induced by ethanol treatment appears responsible for the improved flux.
Microtubule arrays during mitosis in monoplastidic root tip cells ofIsoetes

Mitosis in monoplastidic root tip cells ofIsoetes was studied by fluorescence (confocal laser scanning microscopy) and transmission electron microscopy. The two major components of division polarity, spindle axis and division site, are established more or less simultaneously in preprophase. Morphogenetic plastid migration results in positioning of a daughter plastid at each pole of the future spindle. Concomitant with establishment of the spindle axis, the division site is marked by a girdling band of mirotubules (preprophase band). Endoplasmic microtubules interconnect the polar plastids and preprophase band suggesting a mechanism for communication and final alignment of spindle axis and division site. As in other monoplastidic cells, the spindle appears to emanate from the plastids. In telophase, the focus of microtubules shifts to the reforming nuclei as the phragmoplast is initiated. Microtubules which continue to emanate from plastids are incorporated into the phragmoplast as it expands beyond the interzonal region. Cortical microtubules are restored in a random fashion before assuming a transverse arrangement in interphase.
A character-based analysis of the evolution of jellyfish blooms: adaptation and exaptation

Mass occurrence—aggregation, blooming, or swarming—is a remarkable feature of a subset of usually diverse scyphozoan clades, suggesting it is evolutionarily beneficial. If so, it should be associated with one or more phenotypic characteristics that are advantageous and which facilitate occurrence en masse. Here, we examine the evolution of morphological, ecological, and life history characteristics of medusozoans, focusing on the taxa that occur en masse. By tracing the evolution of aggregating, blooming, and swarming phenotypes, organismal traits, and environmental settings on an up-to-date synoptic phylogeny of classes and orders of Medusozoa, we are able to hypothesize circumstances that enable taxa to occur en masse. These include character states and character complexes related to podocyst formation, strobilation, oral arms, large size, and shallow-water habitat. These evolutionarily advantageous traits may be adaptations that evolved in response to selection for individual traits such as survival during periods of few resources, feeding on pulsed resources, and fecundity. These adaptations were apparently subsequently coopted by selection for reproductive success which favored mass occurrence. By considering the distribution of traits describing other phylogenetic lineages—when appropriately detailed ecological and systematic descriptions become available—it may be possible to predict which species are evolutionarily predisposed to form problematic blooms if environmental conditions permit.
Hemostatic abnormalities associated with prolonged ventricular assist pumping: Analysis of 24 patients☆

Abstract Bleeding remains a serious problem in patients with ventricular assist pumping (VAP). Clinical and hemostatic laboratory data in 24 patients who could not be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at the conclusion of open heart surgery and who underwent VAP for 54 to 610 hours were analyzed. The most important variable that correlated with the occurrence of severe bleeding was the duration of CPB: 5.2 ± 1.6 hours in 13 patients with excessive bleeding, vs 3.6 ± 1.1 hours in 11 patients with “acceptable” levels of bleeding (p
Monitoring and diagnosing cloud infrastructure

At the foundation of any cloud, a public cloud like Azure or Amazon EC2, or a private cloud like the one in Bing or Google, is the cloud infrastructure. It starts with the physical assets like server racks, physical servers, power units, network switches and storage devices. Then it extends to the layer that includes, among other things, hypervisors, virtual switches and networks, and storage clusters. It is not until the infrastructure works that the cloud management software can create and manage cloud services and virtual machines for the cloud tenants, which is the primary goal of any cloud.
Optimising maternal‐fetal outcomes in preterm labour: a decision analysis

Objective To compare, using decision analytic techniques, maternal and fetal risk and benefits of three strategies for the management of preterm labour after 32 weeks. These strategies are empiric tocolysis, no tocolysis, or amniocentesis for fetal maturity testing. Data Sources Published medical literature provided the probabilities, including those for tocolysis efficacy, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and steroid efficacy. Data Synthesis Separate decision trees were created for hypothetical cohorts of patients presenting with preterm labour at 32,34, and 36 weeks of gestation to compare strategies. The primary outcome was the total number of expected adverse maternal and neonatal events for each strategy at each gestational age. Results At 32 weeks tocolysis yielded the lowest total number of adverse maternal and neonatal events. At 34 weeks, both tocolysis and no tocolysis yielded similar overall outcomes. At 36 weeks most clinical outcomes were good regardless of strategy. Conclusions This analysis supports the empiric use of tocolytics at 32 weeks. At 34 weeks, either tocolysis or no tocolysis appear to be reasonable alternatives. At 36 weeks no tocolysis is probably preferred. This analysis also suggests that amniocentesis should not be employed in the management of preterm labour at these gestational ages.
A panoramic code for sound location by cortical neurons

By conventional spike count measures, auditory neurons in the cat's anterior ectosylvian sulcus cortical area are broadly tuned for the location of a sound source. Nevertheless, an artificial neural network was trained to classify the temporal spike patterns of single neurons according to sound location. The spike patterns of 73 percent of single neurons coded sound location with more than twice the chance level of accuracy, and spike patterns consistently carried more information than spike counts alone. In contrast to neurons that are sharply tuned for location, these neurons appear to encode sound locations throughout 360 degrees of azimuth.
The transition from expectancy to parenthood: Impact of the firstborn child on men and women.

In this short-term longitudinal study, 31 middle-class primigravidae and their husbands were seen once during the last trimester of pregnancy and again when their infants were 6 months old. At both times, a common core of self-assessment instruments was administered: mood scales, social change ratings, anticipation/experience of parenthood, and a modified Bem satisfaction scale. Some additional items were given at parenthood. For both men and women, expectancy was marked by optimism and contentment, despite some emotional and physical strain. Similarly, as parents of an infant, subjects rated the experience as highly positive. However, the transition to parenthood involved major role upheaval with both more positive and more negative changes reported by women than men. Despite these changes, women displayed considerable stability in mood and self-satisfaction over time and situation. In contrast, measures of the anticipation and self-reported experience of parenthood revealed no consistency for women; the types of mothers they turned out to be were unrelated to their expectations. Men successfully predicted their parenting behavior on more than half of the dimensions measured. The results were discussed in terms of the stresses inherent in role changes encountered during transitions from one stage of life to the next.
D5 dopamine receptor decreases NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species and blood pressure via heme oxygenase-1.

D 5 dopamine receptor decreases NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species and blood pressure via heme oxygenase-1
The impact of grief: A retrospective study of family function following loss of a child with cystic fibrosis

Abstract The impact of the death of a cystic fibrosis child on subsequent family function was evaluated in a retrospective study of 16 families. In findings similar to that reported for another model of fatal childhood illness, leukemia, there was a high incidence of emotional and medical problems in the parents. There was an unexpectedly high incidence ( 7 16 ) of incomplete mourning, i.e. maintenance of the child's room as a shrine or weekly grave visit for more than six months. Siblings had less difficulty in adjusting to the loss than that reported for the siblings of leukemic children. It is suggested that the prolonged course of a disease with a hopeless prognosis prepares the family for the child's death but also retards the mourning process. The family may need counselling to ensure that mourning is completed.
Assessment of circulating blood volume with fluid administration targeting euvolemia or hypervolemia.

The occurrence of hypovolemia in the setting of cerebral vasospasm reportedly increases the risk for delayed ischemic neurologic deficits. Few studies have objectively assessed blood volume (BV) in response to fluid administration targeting normovolemia (NV) or hypervolemia (HV) and none have done so with crystalloids alone. The primary purpose was to evaluate the BV of patients with SAH receiving crystalloid fluid administration targeting NV or HV. The University of Washington IRB approved the study. Prospectively collected data was obtained from patients enrolled in a clinical trial and a concurrent group of patients who received IV fluids during the ICU stay. We defined a normovolemia (NV) and hypervolemia (HV) group based on the cumulative amount of IV fluid administered in mL/kg from ICU admission to day 5; ≥30–60 mL/kg/day (NV) and ≥60 mL/kg/day (HV), respectively. In a subgroup of patients, BV was measured on day 5 post ictus using iodinated 131I-labeled albumin injection and the BVA-100 (Daxor Corp, New York, NY). Differences between the NV and HV groups were compared using Student’s t-test with assumption for unequal variance. Twenty patients in the NV and 19 in the HV groups were included. The HV group received more fluid and had a higher fluid balance than the NV group. The subgroup of patients in whom BV was measured on day 5 (n = 19) was not different from the remainder of the cohort with respect to the total amount of administered fluid and net cumulative fluid balance by day 5. BV was not different between the two groups and varied widely. Routinely targeting prophylactic HV using crystalloids does not result in a higher circulating BV compared to targeting NV, but the possibility of clinically unrecognized hypovolemia remains.
Biopsychosocial elements of empathy: a multidimensional model.

Empathy is a topic of growing concern in a variety of disciplines. Although considerable empathy research is reported, often single dimensions of a multidimensional and multiphasic construct are ac...
Large Integrated Absorption Enhancement in Plasmonic Solar Cells by Combining Metallic Gratings and Antireflection Coatings

We describe an ultrathin solar cell architecture that combines the benefits of both plasmonic photovoltaics and traditional antireflection coatings. Spatially resolved electron generation rates are used to determine the total integrated current improvement under AM1.5G solar illumination, which can reach a factor of 1.8. The frequency-dependent absorption is found to strongly correlate with the occupation of optical modes within the structure, and the improved absorption is mainly attributed to improved coupling to guided modes rather than localized resonant modes.
TRANSPOSITION OF WORDS AS INDICATORS OF SEMANTIC STATE IN APHASIA

Semantic judgment tasks, based on antecedent pronouns and on word order, were presented to 16 aphasic adult subjects. Responses on the elicited imitation task were better than on comprehension tasks, a finding which parallels the language-acquisition behavior of children. Addition of features to a basic judgment of animate vs inanimate did not affect subjects' performance.
A novel telomerization procedure for controlled introduction of perfluoro-n-alkyl end groups

Abstract The combination of fully halogenated dialkanoyl peroxides and polybromo- or polyiodomethanes has been developed as an efficient, mild telogen system for telomerizing chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene chloride. Some of these telomers have been converted to carboxylic acids for investigation of their surface properties as monolayers.
Managing Data Replication in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Databases

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless autonomous nodes without any fixed backbone infrastructure. All the nodes in MANET are mobile and power restricted and thus, disconnection and network partitioning occur frequently. In addition, many MANET database transactions have time constraints. In this paper, a Data Replication technique for real-time Ad-hoc Mobile databases (DREAM) is proposed that addresses all those issues. It improves data accessibility while considering the issue of energy limitation by replicating hot data items at servers that have higher remaining power. It addresses disconnection and network partitioning by introducing new data and transaction types and by considering the stability of wireless link. It handles the real-time transaction issue by replicating data items that are accessed frequently by firm transactions before those accessed frequently by soft transactions. DREAM is prototyped on laptops and PDAs and compared with two existing replication techniques using a military database application. The results show that DREAM performs the best in terms of percentage of successfully executed transactions, servers? and clients? energy consumption, and balance of energy consumption distribution among servers.
Synthesis and characterization of 2,6-bis-hydrazinopyridine, and its conversion to 2,6-bis-pyrazolylpyridines

Abstract 2,6-Bis-hydrazinopyridine has been prepared and characterized for the first time. This material is useful for the preparation of a wide variety of 2,6-bis-pyrazolylpyridines. This approach represents the most efficient preparation to date of sterically crowded 2,6-bis-pyrazolylpyridines, and the only method for the preparation of pyrazolylpyridines containing unsymmetrically 3′,5′-disubstituted pyrazoles with the larger groups in the 5′ positions.
Action of Phytochrome During Prechilling of Amaranthus retroflexus L. Seeds

Dark germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds at 35 degrees increased after several days of prechilling at 20 degrees or lower. Irradiation with far-red light for short periods during the early hours of a prechilling period at 10 degrees inhibited subsequent dark germination at 35 degrees . The inhibition was completely reversible with red light. Far-red irradiation in the latter part of the prechilling period was less effective. Increased dark germination of A. retroflexus seeds following a prechilling period at 20 degrees or less is attributed to action of preexistent P(FR), the far-red absorbing form of phytochrome, within the seeds. Inactivation of P(FR) was found to proceed ca. 4 times more rapidly at 25 degrees than at 20 degrees . Failure of imbibition temperatures above 20 degrees to increase dark germination of A. retroflexus seeds is attributed to the rapid thermal reversion of pre-existent P(FR). We suggest that the action of prechilling (layering) on many other seed kinds arises in a similar way.
Investigation of the effect of process parameters on the formation and characteristics of recast layer in wire-EDM of Inconel 718

Abstract Inconel 718 is a high nickel content superalloy possessing high strength at elevated temperatures and resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The non-traditional manufacturing process of wire-electrical discharge machining (EDM) possesses many advantages over traditional machining during the manufacture of Inconel 718 parts. However, certain detrimental effects are also present and are due in large part to the formation of the recast layer. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the main EDM parameters which contribute to recast layer formation in Inconel 718. It was found that average recast layer thickness increased primarily with energy per spark, peak discharge current, and current pulse duration. Over the range of parameters tested, the recast layer was observed to be between 5 and 9 μm in average thickness, although highly variable in nature. The recast material was found to possess in-plane tensile residual stresses, as well as lower hardness and elastic modulus than the bulk material.
The influence of surface composition and molecular diffusion on the stability of foams formed from protein/surfactant mixtures

Abstract A conductimetric study of foams formed from mixtures of the protein, β-lactoglobulin (10.9 μM), and the nonionic surfactant, Tween 20, revealed that their stability was reduced at concentrations of Tween 20 in the range 20–90 μM. The interaction of Tween 20 with β-lactoglobulin was investigated by fluorimetry and a dissociation constant of 0.11 μM was calculated for the complex. Surface tension studies confirmed the presence of interaction between the two components and provided evidence for the progressive displacement of β-lactoglobulin from the air/water interface with increasing Tween 20 concentration. Experiments using air-suspended microscopic thin liquid films revealed transitions in the drainage characteristics and thickness of the film at Tween 20 concentrations below that which resulted in destabilization of the foam. However, measurements of surface mobility of fluorescent-labeled β-lactoglobulin by a photobleaching method identified that a transition to a mobile system occurred at a Tween 20 concentration which correlated with the onset of instability in the disperse phase. The results would indicate that maintenance of the viscoelastic properties of the surface is of paramount importance in determining the stability of interfaces comprising mixtures of protein and surfactant.
Review of studies on metabolic genes and cancer in populations of African descent

Genetic polymorphisms described for a number of enzymes involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens and alcohol have been linked to increase cancer risk. Racial disparities in cancer between whites and populations of African descent are well documented. In addition to differences in access to health care, both environment and genetic factors and their interaction may contribute to the increased cancer risk in minority populations. We reviewed the literature to identify case-control studies that included subjects of African descent. Meta-analyses investigating the association of genetic polymorphisms in tobacco metabolic genes and cancer were performed. Although several genes and cancers have been studied, only one or two studies per gene for each cancer site have been published, with the exception of breast (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1), lung (GSTM1, CYP1A1, and NQO1), and prostate (CYP3A4 A293G and CYP17). Marginal statistically significant associations were observed for CYP3A4 A293G and CYP17 5′UTR polymorphisms and prostate cancer. Our findings support the need for additional genetic association studies of breast, prostate, and lung cancers that include a larger number of minority participants. Because incidence and mortality rates for these cancers rank highest among populations of African descent, concentrated research in these areas are warranted.
Thiol Labeling Reveals Presence of Cryptic Binding Sites in β-Lactamase

The field of drug design has for many years sought to design ligands for known binding pockets in proteins. Cryptic binding sites, which are unexpected openings that are invisible to normal experimental methods but can modulate activity through communication with the active site, have the ability to greatly expand the number of proteins whose behavior and activity can be easily modulated by increasing the number of druggable sites. Recent work has offered the possibility of identifying these sites from molecular dynamics simulations of proteins in the absence of ligands, allowing identification of sites for many ligands to be screened in a single experiment. To experimentally verify these computational models, we have tested β-lactamase for the presence of cryptic binding sites. We have employed a method using mutagenesis and thiol labeling to verify the transient opening of cryptic sites as well as the ability of a large, covalent adduct at these sites to alter activity of the protein. This has led us to conclude that conformations with transiently open pockets exist in equilibrium with the known structure under native conditions, and these pockets may be suitable for future drug design studies.
Methodology for mechanical property testing of fuel cladding using an expanding plug wedge test

Abstract An analysis is presented to determine the stress–strain response of ring-shaped test specimen subjected to internal pressurization using a radially expanding plug. Previous work has been reviewed using this test method to determine the residual ductility of irradiated nuclear fuel cladding and highlight the role of several parameters on the distribution of stresses and the mode of failure. It is shown that bulging effect, which had previously not been accounted for, has a significant effect on the distribution of stresses and mode of failure. The new analysis provides guidelines for optimizing specimen geometry and loading conditions and a means for determining the hoop stress σθ in the ring-shaped test specimen using a scaling factor, χ-factor, to convert the ring load Fring into hoop stress σθ, and is written as σ θ = χ F ring tl , where t is the clad thickness and l is the clad length. The predicted stress–strain curves were found to agree well with experimental results for alloy Zr-4 over 10% strain.
Linking Technological Compatibility and Operational Capacity Constraints to Communication Technology Adoption

Two interacting issues have recently been shown to theoretically impact communication technology adoption: the willingness of business partners to use various communication technologies and a firmâ€™s operational capacity to accommodate the product/service demands of these potential partners. This study examines the relationship between these two issues and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), a long standardized communication technology that has been underutilized by business organizations. Our findings suggest that the technological compatibility concerns of firms considering EDI adoption differ depending on if they are product or service oriented. Capacity limitations are found to significantly moderate these compatibility effects. The implications for managers of electronic commerce technologies are discussed.
Interaction of oxidized chicken ovotransferrin with chicken embryo red blood cells.

Abstract Iron-saturated chicken ovotransferrin was chemically oxidized with NaIO 4 , converting 50% of its methionine residues to their sulfoxide derivatives while maintaining 95% of its iron-binding activity. The oxidized chicken ovotransferrin was able to deliver iron to the chicken embryo red blood cell for heme synthesis. From competition experiments, oxidized differic chicken ovotransferrin was estimated to be approx. 65% as efficient as unmodified diferric chicken ovotransferrin at competing with diferric ( 55 Fe 2 ) chicken ovotransferrin for the iron-donating sites of the chicken embryo red blood cells. The presence of apo chicken ovotransferrin preparations (native or oxidized) in the incubation medium had little effect on the rate of iron incorporation into heme from diferric chicken ovotransferrin. The effect of modifying the periodate-susceptible methionine residues in chicken ovotransferrin was small but significant. These methionine residues do not appear critical for the interaction of chicken ovotransferrin with the chicken embryo red blood cell receptors, the incorporation of chicken ovotransferrin into the cell, or the release of iron from chicken ovotransferrin for heme synthesis.
NOTES ON ANTIBARYON INTERACTIONS

Some simple consequences of, or checks for, invariance considerations as applied to interactions of antibaryons are presented. Topics discussed include P conservation in strong interactions, C invariance of strong interactions, charge symmetry and charge independence, and /sub 2/ at 1880 decay and T invariance. (W.D.M.)
Pap Test Results Among Low‐Income Youth: Prevalence of Dysplasia and Practice Implications

Objectives To describe Papanicolaou (Pap) test findings and identify prevalence and correlates of dysplastic cervical abnormalities in low-income adolescent females. Design and Setting This cross-sectional study included a modified random sample of female students ages 16 to 25 years at 54 U.S. Job Corps centers. Participants 5,734 female students enrolled in a federal job training program. Admission health records were reviewed and abstracted. Main Outcome Measure Pap test findings using the Bethesda classifications. Pap smear results indicating dysplasia (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] with dysplasia) or squamous intraepithelial lesions (low-grade squamous interepithelial lesions [LGSIL] or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HGSIL]). Participants with less severe findings were compared with those who needed follow-up. Results For 71.4% of participants, no abnormalities were found. 15.6% had benign cellular changes, 9.2% had reactive changes, and 9.9% had epithelial cell abnormalities. Of those tested, 5.6% (±0.8%) had dysplastic Pap smear findings, with 0.3% ( n = 12) HGSIL. All groups were equally affected, with abnormalities not associated with race/ethnicity, age, geographic region, education level, size of city of residence, or receiving public assistance. Conclusions In this population, dysplastic Pap smear results were not uncommon. Findings indicate that Pap screening, alone or in combination with more sensitive tests, can identify cervical abnormalities, including HGSIL, that suggest a need for further evaluation or follow-up.
Search for Pneumocystis carinii DNA in upper and lower respiratory tract of humans

Recent studies suggest that Pneumocystis carinii DNA may be detected by PCR in oropharyngeal secretions in the majority of patients with P. carinii pneumonitis (PCP). However, the prevalence of P. carinii DNA in patients without PCP has not been well established. A prospective study of 258 nasal, pharyngeal, and salivary specimens from 86 individuals with AIDS, cancer or no underlying disease, and without respiratory infection, found no P. carinii DNA in any of the samples. Separately, to validate the PCR for detection of P. carinii DNA, 45 specimens from the lower respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] and sputum) from 31 patients with pneumonitis and AIDS or cancer were studied. Eleven had PCP by conventional stains and 20 did not. All patients with PCP, and none without PCP, had P. carinii DNA in BAL, sputum or both. The study indicates the prevalence of P. carinii DNA is low or absent in oropharyngeal secretions in the absence of PCP.
Glacier Ice Mass Fluctuations and Fault Instability in Tectonically Active Southern Alaska

Across southern Alaska the northwest directed subduction of the Pacific plate is accompanied by accretion of the Yakutat terrane to continental Alaska. This has led to high tectonic strain rates and dramatic topographic relief of more than 5000 meters within 15 km of the Gulf of Alaska coast. The glaciers of this area are extensive and include large glaciers undergoing wastage (glacier retreat and thinning) and surges. The large glacier ice mass changes perturb the tectonic rate of deformation at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. We estimated surface displacements and stresses associated with ice mass fluctuations and tectonic loading by examining GPS geodetic observations and numerical model predictions. Although the glacial fluctuations perturb the tectonic stress field, especially at shallow depths, the largest contribution to ongoing crustal deformation is horizontal tectonic strain due to plate convergence. Tectonic forces are thus the primary force responsible for major earthquakes. However, for geodetic sites located < 10-20 km from major ice mass fluctuations, the changes of the solid Earth due to ice loading and unloading are an important aspect of interpreting geodetic results. The ice changes associated with Bering Glacier s most recent surge cycle are large enough to cause discernible surface displacements. Additionally, ice mass fluctuations associated with the surge cycle can modify the short-term seismicity rates in a local region. For the thrust faulting environment of the study region a large decrease in ice load may cause an increase in seismic rate in a region close to failure whereas ice loading may inhibit thrust faulting.
Performance evaluation and perturbation analysis of discrete event dynamic systems

This is a conceptual and speculative paper concerning the future development of system and control theory in operational and discrete event systems with particular emphasis to the techniques of perturbation analysis.
Overeducation in the labor market: a comment and re-analysis of a meta-analysis

Abstract Groot and Maassen van den Brink (International Journal of Manpower 21, 584, 2000a) provide a useful summary of the incidence of overeducation and undereducation. Unfortunately, by combining non-compatible estimates of the impact of surplus schooling (and under schooling) on earnings they potentially bias their estimates downward (upward). This paper bypasses this potential bias by examining only wage estimates that use the “standard” required-surplus-deficit education model of Duncan and Hoffman (1981) . The paper also expands the meta-analysis by including approximately 50 additional wage estimates. On average, the literature finds that the premium paid for overeducation is approximately equal to the penalty for undereducation, but lower than the returns associated with an increase in required education. Overeducated individuals earn more than their properly educated co-workers, but less than others with their level of schooling. The paper also examines how different definitions of required education impact the returns from overeducation and undereducation.
Sterol carrier protein2: further evidence for its role in adrenal steroidogenesis.

Homogeneous rat liver sterol carrier protein (SCP2) has been implicated in adrenal steroidogenesis by studies utilizing as a model system various sub-cellular fractions of rat adrenals. Levels of SCP2 were measured in rat adrenal subcellular fractions and various rat tissues using a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay. The levels of SCP2 in various tissues correlate well with the capacity of each tissue to either synthesize or metabolize cholesterol. The high level of SCP2 in adrenal mitochondria (46% of total tissue SCP2) is consistent with its proposed role of enhancing transfer of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Neither ACTH nor cycloheximide treatment of rats had a significant effect on SCP2 levels or distribution in the adrenal subcellular fractions. Western blot analysis of adrenal subcellular fractions indicates the presence of a protein of identical molecular weight and at least similar antigenicity as homogeneous rat liver SCP2. In the present studies, intact dispers...
Ontogenesis of immunoreactive thyroglobulin in the human conceptus.

ABSTRACT Eight human embryos and fetuses from 6.4 to 160 mm in crown-rump length were studied by incubation of selected tissues with 14C-labeled amino acids followed by immunoelectrophoresis of the culture fluids and then radioautography. Radioactive thyroglobulin was found in all cultures containing thyroid tissue, indicating that synthesis of immunoreactive thyroglobulin is already established by the 29th day of human development.
Synthesis of allyl vinyl silanes. Preparation of 12-(dimethylsila)squalene

Abstract A general method for the preparation of mixed allyl vinyl dimethylsilanes uses the sequential coupling of two different alkenylmetallics to (chloromethyl)dimethylchlorosilane. This method is applied to synthesize the 12-dimethylsila analog of squalene.
What you don't know can hurt your community: Lessons from a local United Way

This paper describes how a controversial executive compensation package approved by a local United Way agency eclipsed the agency's long-standing record and reputation of being a top fundraiser and pillar of the community. Using the framework developed by P. Connelly and York (2003), this case study illustrates how the lack of leadership and adaptive capacity within the board of directors, coupled with questions and speculation about managerial capacity, contributed to a highly visible scandal that resulted in the loss of the agency's chief executive officer, the resignation of the chairman of the board of directors, an internal investigation, and ultimately, a federal investigation. Not only did these events hurt the agency, which was forced to eliminate programs and cut staff, but these events hurt the annual campaign, which declined by more than 30 percent, resulting in substantial cuts in funding to dozens of nonprofit organizations. The findings from this study illustrate the importance of building strong governing boards that focus on both organizational processes and performance outcomes. They also highlight how important it is for the flagship charitable institutions to model best practices and invest in their own capacity.
On enforcing Gauss' law in electromagnetic particle-in-cell codes

Abstract During the 20 years in which two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell codes have been intensive use, duscussion has continued as to how best to honor both the Ampere-Maxwell equation and Gauss' law in spite of compromises made in the collection of the density and current terms from the particle coordinates. Boris' popular and very effective method corrects the divergence of the electric field, but that requires solution of a Poisson's equation. Marder has recently popularized a partial correction that is very simple and fast, even with complex meshes. A new viewpoint on Marder's correction suggests improvements and new possibilities. In this note, I restate Marder's procedure and analyze a simple modification that improves it and clarifies its relation to Boris' divergence correction. Finally, I show that the improved Marder scheme gives the same results as an “incomplete Boris” correction in which the exact Poisson solve is replaced by a single accelerated point-Jacobi iteration. This observation suggests further improvements.
No Evidence of Local Adaptation in Uniola paniculata L. (Poaceae), a Coastal Dune Grass

Abstract Studies of local adaptation generally investigate plants growing in relatively stable habitats. We asked whether populations of the long-lived clonal grass Uniola paniculata (Sea Oats) are locally adapted to microhabitats in the southeastern US coastal dunes, a habitat characterized by dynamic environmental gradients spanning relatively small distances. Although vegetative zonation is well characterized across these gradients, little is known about intraspecific evolutionary responses of species spanning the gradients. Plants from the foredune and backdune areas of the gradient (<10 m and 40–60 m from the shoreline, respectively) were reciprocally transplanted into experimental plots in both habitats. Although foredune plots were washed away by storms before harvest, the foredune plants demonstrated no early advantage in stem diameter or height growth, and thus there was no support for local adaptation in foredune plants. In the backdune plots, the backdune plants demonstrated no early growth adv...
Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families

Although family life has an important impact on children’s life chances, the mechanisms through which parents transmit advantages are imperfectly understood. An ethnographic data set of white children and black children approximately 10 years old shows the effects of social class on interactions inside the home. Middle-class parents engage in concerted cultivation by attempting to foster children’s talents through organized leisure activities and extensive reasoning. Working-class and poor parents engage in the accomplishment of natural growth, providing the conditions under which children can grow but leaving leisure activities to children themselves. These parents also use directives rather than reasoning. Middle-class children, both white and black, gain an emerging sense of entitlement from their family life. Race had much less impact than social class. Also, differences in a cultural logic of childrearing gave parents and their children differential resources to draw on in their interactions with professionals and other adults outside the home. Middle-class children gained individually insignificant but cumulatively important advantages. Working-class and poor children did not display the same sense of entitlement or advantages. Some areas of family life appeared exempt from the effects of social class, however.
A weighted composite dose-response model for human salmonellosis.

This article describes the development of a weighted composite dose – response model for human salmonellosis. Data from previously reported human challenge studies were categorized into two different groups representing low and moderately virulent/pathogenic Salmonella strains based on a disease end point. Because epidemiological data indicate that some Salmonella strains are particularly pathogenic, and in the absence of human feeding study data for such strains, Shigella dysenteriae was used as a proxy for highly virulent strains. Three single-hit dose – response models were applied to the human feeding study data and evaluated for best fit using maximum likelihood estimation: (1) the exponential (E-1pop), (2) the two-subpopulation exponential (E-2pop), and (3) the Beta-Poisson (BP). Based on the goodness-of-fit test, the E-1pop and BP were the best-fit models for low and moderately virulent/pathogenic Salmonella strains, and the E-2pop and BP models were better for highly virulent/pathogenic strains. Epistemic analysis was conducted by determining the degree of confidence associated with the selected models, which was found to be 50%/50% (E-1pop/BP) for low and moderately pathogenic Salmonella strains, and 9.8%/90.2% (E-2pop/BP) for highly virulent strains. The degree of confidence for each component model and variations in the proportion of strains within each virulence/pathogenicity category were incorporated into the overall composite model. This study describes the influence of variation in strain virulence and host susceptibility on the shape of the population dose – response relationship.