cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Independence of Input and Output Phonology in Word Processing and Short-Term Memory

Abstract Recently, theorists have suggested a close relation between the codes activated during language processing and those involved in STM. In order to further investigate this relationship, we examined the performance of an anomic patient, MS, to determine whether he would exhibit the same impairment in retrieving phonology from semantics in short-term memory that he shows in picture naming. The results indicated a similar pattern of performance in naming and in STM tasks requiring retention of output phonological codes (those involved in production). However, MS performed at a high level on STM tasks requiring the retention of input phonological codes (those involved in perception). The findings support the following conclusions: semantic information contributes to STM, input and output phonological codes are separable and maintained in separate buffers, and the same pathway that underlies retrieval of phonology from semantics in naming underlies feedback from semantics in list recall.
Measurement of purine nucleoside concentration in the intact rat retina

Adenosine, produced from the decomposition of adenosine triphosphate, is believed to provide protective effects during ischemia. On the other hand, adenosine metabolites may serve as precursors for oxygen free radical formation. These substances have not been previously measured in intact vertebrate retina, where adenosine and its metabolites may play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury. The small tissue mass of the retina, particularly in rats, renders these measurements challenging. Furthermore, accurate measurement of purine nucleosides requires immediate cessation of ongoing adenosine metabolism. Concentrations of adenosine and its purine nucleoside metabolites inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine in the retina of ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized rats were measured after in situ freezing using high-performance liquid chromatography. The retina was removed from the frozen eyes and analyzed. Quantitative measurements were made possible through the use of an internal standard. Ischemia was induced by ligation of the central retinal artery. Retinal purine nucleoside concentrations did not differ between the two eyes of the rat under control conditions, and there was no effect of placement of the ligating suture itself compared to completely unmanipulated eyes. Use of two different in situ freezing methods yielded comparable results. To evaluate the impact of a period of ischemia, one retina of each rat was ischemic for 30 min, and the other, non-ischemic. Our measurements were associated with a high degree of reproducibility and minimal variability, and significant changes in purine nucleoside concentrations were detectable in the retina after 30 min of ischemia. Our method may be used to assess the role of adenosine and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of ischemic neuronal injury, including in the retina.
A non-volatile look-up table design using PCM (phase-change memory) cells

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a digital look-up table (LUT) circuit using phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) cells. The LUT, fabricated in IBM 90 nm CMOS technology with embedded GST (Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 )-based phase-change memory (PCM) mushroom cell, performs programmable and non-volatile logic functions with a 1V supply. The PCRAM cell provides > 100X resistance transformation ratio and the LUT achieves a 453.4ps (average) propagation delay.
Designing Citizenship Education Programs for Urban Secondary Schools.

What are the skills and areas of knowledge needed to increase stu dent understanding of and interest in their roles as citizens? Why is citizen ship education important for urban students in light of the other demands on the curriculum? These are a few of the questions this writer considers.
Where is the nitrogen on Mars

Nitrogen is an essential element for life. Specifically, fixed nitrogen (i.e. NH3, NH4+, NOx or N that is chemically bound to either inorganic or organic molecules and can be released by hydrolysis to form NH3 or NH4+) is useful to living organisms. Nitrogen on present-day Mars has been analysed only in the atmosphere. The inventory is a small fraction of the amount of nitrogen presumed to have been received by the planet during its accretion. Where is the missing nitrogen? Answering this question is crucial for understanding the probability of the origin and evolution of life on Mars, and for its future astrobiological exploration. The two main processes that could have removed nitrogen from the atmosphere include: (1) non-thermal escape of N atoms to space and (2) burial within the regolith as nitrates and ammonium salts. Nitrate would probably be stable in the highly oxidized surface soil of Mars and could have served as an NO3− sink. Such accumulations are observed in certain desert environments on Earth. Some NH4+ nitrogen may also be fixed and stabilized in the soil by inclusion as a structural cation in the crystal lattices of certain phyllosilicates replacing K+. Analysis of the Martian soil for traces of NO3− and NH4+ during future missions will provide important information regarding the nitrogen abundance on Mars. We hypothesize that Mars soil, as typical of extremely dry desert soils on Earth, is likely to contain at least some of the missing nitrogen as nitrate salts and some fixed ammonium bound to aluminosilicate minerals.
Shallow blue: lego-based embodied AI as a platform for cross-curricular project based learning

We report on Shallow Blue (SB), an autonomous chess agent constructed by a small group of faculty and undergraduate students at Canisius College. In addition to pushing the limits of consumer grade components at low cost, SB is a focal point for interdisciplinary student projects spanning computer science, engineering, and physics. We demonstrate that undergraduate students can engage in rich, long-term robotic design and applied Artificial Intelligence (AI) from both hardware and software perspectives. Student outcomes of SB include senior theses, conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications, and admission to graduate programs. Students who participated also report substantial development in skills and knowledge applicable to their post-undergraduate education and careers.
The Policy of Microbiology

Abstract The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) began in 1899 with a group of 59 bacteriologists and has expanded to nearly 40,000 members today, making it the largest single life science society. Although ASM has provided expert advice to policy makers and federal agencies for much of that history, in 1979, the Public and Scientific Affairs Board was created and formalized as the ASM board that would address scientific matters affecting the public interest. This article presents the structure and function of the board; provides examples of some of the specific issues that have been shepherded, past and present; and provides examples of some of its possible future endeavors. We also describe the board as an example of a unique career path in the microbiological sciences.
The Origins of the Labor Movement in the United States: Themes From the Nineteenth Century

Anniversaries always seem to be a good occasion to reevaluate the past and also to consider new beginnings. Over the last eight years conferences have been held to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the New Deal and the CIO. More recendy, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the United Mine Workers of America by holding a con ference at the Eckley Miners' Village at which the papers published in this volume concerning the history of the anthracite coal miners of northeastern Pennsylvania were originally presented. Paradoxically, all these anniversary celebrations occurred during hard times for the events and institutions which they honored. That reality reminds me of the piece which the historian David Brody wrote for Dissent on the occasion of the Golden Anniversary of the CIO, an essay in which Brody compared the CIO to the Knights of Labor and asked whether or not the CIO would be remembered in his tory more for its failures than accomplishments, more for its truncated existence than for its transformations of working-class life and labor.1 For anthracite coal and for those people whose lives have been shaped by it, hard times came far earlier, even before the New Deal and the CIO. Indeed, if we are to believe most of what has been written about the industry and the region, especially in the work of Clifton Yearly, Anthony F. C. Wallace, Harry Aurand, Perry Blatz, and others, hard times and anthracite coal mining were synonymous for miners, operators, and the hard-coal communities.2 The papers which follow tell us about the history of anthracite, its employers, its workers and their institutions, and its communities. Here I intend to focus more on the general background of working-class history and union formation over the course of the nineteenth century than on anthracite Pennsylvania. Yet I also expect to illustrate how the articles in this issue broaden and deepen our knowledge of the main themes of United States labor history. In doing so, I want to make com parisons and contrasts between the past and the present, to suggest that the con temporary crisis of labor and its institutions has its historical counterparts. The plight of American workers and their unions in the year 1991 is there for all to see. For a decade and longer now, workers have experienced stagnation in
Effects of the Atmosphere on Laser Transmission to GaAs Solar Cells

Laser transmission of energy through the atmosphere offers important advantages over microwave beamed energy. These include smaller aperture areas in space and on earth, convenient photovoltaic receivers and easy ground system integration into the utility network. However, several areas of additional research are needed before this option can be considered as a strong competitor for the microwave option. Areas that are important include: efficiency of the laser source, matching of the laser to the solar cell receiver and effects of the atmosphere on transmission of the laser beam and the efficiency of conversion of that beam. This paper will deal with the effects of the atmosphere on laser illumination matched both to the GaAs solar cell and to the relevant atmospheric window. For maximum efficiency of conversion of the laser beam, it is important that the energy of its photons lie above the band gap at the cell operating temperature. In fact, the most desirable location is at the peak in the spectral response and thus at the cell maximum power point. This energy for GaAs corresponds to a wavelength range that lies between approximately 840 and 860 nm over the temperature range expected in ground testing. The second essential feature is the need to have a suitable window in the atmosphere for transmitting the laser beam. Fortunately, such a window exists between 840 and 890 nm. The third essential feature is to have a laser device whose output lies within both windows. Fortunately, diode lasers in the range of 840 to 845 nm are readily available. This wavelength range is just on the edge of a substantial water vapor absorption band, so using these wavelengths will provide exceptional information on the effects of the atmosphere on this concept. The laser will be beamed over a range of about 2000 ft and the GaAs cells will be mounted in a concentrator receiver based on the Stretched Lens concept. Horizontal beaming through the atmosphere over a limited distance will simulate sending a beam vertically through the atmosphere. This approach will further demonstrate the utility of using concentrator systems both on earth and in space to help reduce the cost of space solar power systems. Cell temperatures will be controlled as necessary and relevant atmospheric parameters measured during the testing. Cell efficiency and effects of the atmosphere on beam transmission will be presented. The results of this test will have implications for site selection of laser receiving stations.
Low concentrations of deuterium oxide and the growth of marine diatoms.

SummaryA consistent lag of about 16% (quotient of total mean into D mean, Table III) in the growth rate of Nitzschia bilobata in the dilute heavy water is unmistakably apparent from a survey and mathematical analysis of the data in Table I.The data in Table II show a trend of the opposite character, particularly in the earlier times, but are not sufficiently numerous for a conclusive interpretation. Any effects must, therefore, be very slight.That heavy water may be without detected physiological effects, or may exert influences of either a stimulative or retarding character is certain, but the situation is somewhat analogous to that of the hydrogen ion concentration in that the nature and extent of observed influences depend upon the organism or other biochemical system under investigation, the concentration of heavy isotope, and probably a host of other physical and chemical factors.Gratitude is expressed to the members of the 1934-35 Committee on Grants-in-Aid of the National Research Council, whose ge...
Consolidative Radioimmunotherapy After Chemoimmunotherapy in Patients With Histologic Transformation of Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Abstract Introduction Histologic transformation (HT) of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas is an event that results in considerable morbidity and mortality. The introduction of chemoimmunotherapy regimens has resulted in an improvement in the management of this disease, and consolidation of responses with autologous stem cell transplantation appears efficacious. Many patients are not eligible for high-dose therapy, however. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has demonstrated single-agent efficacy in HT and can be used safely as consolidation after chemoimmunotherapy. For these reasons, RIT consolidation after chemoimmunotherapy induction has been our standard treatment approach at the University of Rochester for patients with HT who were ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed to describe the clinical outcomes of these patients. Twenty-one patients were identified who received RIT consolidation. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the distributions of overall survival and progression-free survival. Comparisons were made between patients with pathologic HT and the combination of clinical HT and composite lymphoma using the log-rank test to compare survival curves. Results The median overall survival of the cohort was 84 months, and progression-free survival was 38 months. The major toxicity was myelosuppression, and 2 deaths were attributed to therapy. One case of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia was noted. Conclusion In a population of patients ineligible for high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell support, consolidation of response to chemoimmunotherapy with RIT was well tolerated and should be considered in patients with disease responsive to induction therapy.
Renal surgery can "precipitate" stone disease in mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

AbstractWe report on a patient in whom 3 large renal calculi formed within 12 weeks after pyeloplasty. Subsequently, a parathyroid adenoma was found. This report illustrates the need to evaluate thoroughly a patient with borderline elevation of serum calcium before renal surgery. Current research indicates that primary hyperparathyroidism is more prevalent than thought previously. A majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have mild asymptomatic disease detected solely by routine serum chemistry screening tests.
Reliability for Distributed Adaptation

An adaptation service should not reduce the reliability of network communications. Most transport protocols operate on an end-to-end basis, relying only on the endpoints. This approach allows the network to transparently route around failed elements without affecting the reliable transport. Distributed adaptation threatens the end-to-end model by introducing uniquely important elements (adaptive nodes and the adaptors themselves) within the network. The threat is particularly great if no restrictions are placed on the changes an adaptor can make to the data stream. Fundamentally, however, as long as failure of these elements does not adversely affect the data received at an endpoint, end-to-end reliability will be preserved.
Following the LEADER – why this and other recent trials signal a major paradigm shift in the management of type 2 diabetes

Abstract The field of type 2 diabetes is undergoing a major transformation. Recent cardiovascular outcomes trials of glucose-lowering agents – including EMPA-REG, IRIS and LEADER, have all demonstrated convincing cardiovascular benefits within a relatively short period of time – all likely driven via non-glycemic effects of compounds under study. The implications of these studies (with primary focus on the LEADER trial) – and how their result may be paradigm shifting for type 2 diabetes management, are discussed in this article.
Complete Two-Way Tables

A basic problem in the analysis of qualitative data is the examination of two polytomous variables to see if they are dependent. The model of independence of two polytomous variables is equivalent to a log-linear model. The maximum-likelihood estimates for this log-linear model have explicit expressions so that the chi-square tests and adjusted residuals are easily applied to the independence model. The use of adjusted residuals provides a more subtle analysis of sources of departure from independence than is available from familiar chi-square test of independence. The quantitative assessment of the size of departures from independence is as important as determination. Two-by-two contingency tables are the cross-classifications of observations from two dichotomous variables. Their behavior can be characterized by reference to conditional and marginal probabilities or, equivalently, to conditional and marginal odds ratios and log odds ratios. The dependence of the two variables is assessed by differences in conditional probabilities or differences in conditional log odds ratios.
Interfacial Phenomena in Leaching Systems

A review is presented of selected surface and colloid chemistry concepts concerned with interactions in solid/water systems. With the aid of these concepts, an attempt is made to elucidate the interfacial physico-chemical factors underlying selected hydrometallurgical leaching processes: (a) the adsorption-desorption model and the ion-transfer model of non-oxidative dissolution, (b) the effects of solid-state point defects on interfacial activity and dissolution, (c) the adsorption of hydrolyzable metal ions and how this affects metal losses in aqueous ammoniacal leaching systems, (d) interaction of aurocyanide complexes with activated carbon and carbonaceous ores, (e) the role of passive films in the dissolution of metallic phases with aqueous ammoniacal solutions, and (f) the enhancement of leaching rates via product layer modificaion with surface active agents.
Infantasy and the Silent Child

The infants-of-Eden debate outlined at the outset of this chapter provides the framework for Chaucer’s depiction of the child between birth and seven years and addresses the tensions between innocence and experience in addition to questions raised in legal venues about whether young children were to be held culpable for their actions. Chaucer’s infants are considered at pivotal moments in their lives and within their narrative circumstances. Included here are readings of the scenes of the infant eaten by a sow on the Temple of Mars in the Knight’s Tale, the cradled infant in the Reeve’s Tale, the dead child of the Summoner’s Tale, the Hugolino boys of the Monk’s Tale, Griselda’s children of the Clerk’s Tale, and the Prioress’s litel clergeon.
‘He Could Get It for You Wholesale’: The Producing Genius of David Merrick

One of the most controversial figures of his time, David Merrick (1911-2000) helped provide the American theatre with some of its most significant productions including Gypsy, Hello, Dolly! and 42nd Street. Often in the spotlight himself, Merrick’s outrageous publicity stunts, ruthless hiring/firing practices, and fearless rivalry with theatre critics have garnered much scholarly analysis and attention, perhaps clouding a comprehensive assessment of Merrick’s value and merits as a producer. Throughout his career, Merrick built an arsenal of valuable skills such as the creation of a dynamic producing persona, the ability to select successful commodities, a trend of continually working with a few trusted artists, a strong financial savviness, and an unmatched mind for marketing and publicity, all of which helped Merrick navigate the terrain of commercial theatrical production in the twentieth century.
Vital Sign and Sleep Monitoring Using Millimeter Wave

Continuous monitoring of human’s breathing and heart rates is useful in maintaining better health and early detection of many health issues. Designing a technique that can enable contactless and ubiquitous vital sign monitoring is a challenging research problem. This article presents mmVital, a system that uses 60GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) signals for vital sign monitoring. We show that the mmWave signals can be directed to human’s body and the Received Signal Strength (RSS) of the reflections can be analyzed for accurate estimation of breathing and heart rates. We show how the directional beams of mmWave can be used to monitor multiple humans in an indoor space concurrently. mmVital also provides sleep monitoring with sleeping posture identification and detection of central apnea and hypopnea events. It relies on a novel human finding procedure where a human can be located within a room by reflection loss-based object/human classification. We evaluate mmVital using a 60GHz testbed in home and office environment and show that it provides the mean estimation error of 0.43 breaths per minute (Bpm; breathing rate) and 2.15 beats per minute (bpm; heart rate). Also, it can locate the human subject with 98.4% accuracy within 100ms of dwell time on reflection. We also demonstrate that mmVital is effective in monitoring multiple people in parallel and even behind a wall.
Sex differences in outcomes with transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a new standard of care for treating patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) and inoperable status. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2011 (1). Ten months later, TAVR was approved by the FDA for treatment of high-risk but operable status patients with AS. Since then, TAVR has rapidly been adopted in clinical practice for the treatment of symptomatic AS patients at high risk for surgery. However, it remains unclear and unresolved whether there are sex-related differences in outcomes for patients who undergo TAVR.
Computed Tomography Perfusion Abnormalities in Migraine Mimicking Acute Stroke Presentation (P06.157)

OBJECTIVE: To study computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging changes during acute phase (with aura) and postdrome phase of migraine presenting with atypical aura mimicking a transient ischemic attack (TIA) / stroke. BACKGROUND: Migraine with aura occurs in 15-20% of migraine patients and may mimic stroke-like symptoms. Typical migraine auras are associated with visual disturbances and last for less than one hour. Prolonged or atypical auras present a challenge in distinguishing from TIA or stroke. CT perfusion is an important imaging modality that is routinely used in stroke centers in United States to decide therapeutic options especially when the history, time of onset and presentation of symptoms is unclear. DESIGN/METHODS: We evaluated CT perfusion changes in a 21 year old male with history of common migraine who presented with atypical aura of aphasia lasting for more than one hour with transient right upper extremity weakness. CT perfusion parameters were studied during aura and acute phase of migraine and in postdrome phase after treatment with abortive medication. RESULTS: CT perfusion done during acute phase showed delayed time to peak, delayed mean transit time, decreased cerebral blood flow, and increased cerebral blood volume suggestive of reversible ischemia in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) distribution. CT perfusion done during postdrome after treating subsequent similar migraine attack 2 days later showed reversal of the above CT perfusion parameters with no evidence of ischemia or infarction. CT non-contrast, and CT angiogram performed with both CT perfusion studies were normal without evidence of any stenosis. MR imaging did not show any abnormal restriction of diffusion. CONCLUSIONS: Atypical aura of migraine can mimic clinical presentation as well as radiological findings of TIA / stroke. Cautious approach is advocated when using CT perfusion to decide therapeutic options for TIA / stroke. Disclosure: Dr. Jadhav has nothing to disclose.
Ionic mechanisms underlying history-dependence of conduction delay in an unmyelinated axon

Axonal conduction velocity can change substantially during ongoing activity, thus modifying spike interval structures and, potentially, temporal coding. We used a biophysical model to unmask mechanisms underlying the history-dependence of conduction. The model replicates activity in the unmyelinated axon of the crustacean stomatogastric pyloric dilator neuron. At the timescale of a single burst, conduction delay has a non-monotonic relationship with instantaneous frequency, which depends on the gating rates of the fast voltage-gated Na+ current. At the slower timescale of minutes, the mean value and variability of conduction delay increase. These effects are because of hyperpolarization of the baseline membrane potential by the Na+/K+ pump, balanced by an h-current, both of which affect the gating of the Na+ current. We explore the mechanisms of history-dependence of conduction delay in axons and develop an empirical equation that accurately predicts this history-dependence, both in the model and in experimental measurements.
High sensitivity HPLC method for determination of the allysine concentration in tissue by use of a naphthol derivative.

Abstract Common to all fibrotic and metastatic diseases is the uncontrollable remodeling of tissue that leads to the accumulation of fibrous connective tissue components such as collagen and elastin. Build-up of fibrous tissue occurs through the cross-linking of collagen or elastin monomers, which is initiated through the oxidation of lysine residues to form α-aminoadipic-δ-semialdehyde (allysine). To provide a measure of the extent of collagen oxidation in disease models of fibrosis or metastasis, a rapid, sensitive HPLC method was developed to quantify the amount of allysine present in tissue. Allysine was reacted with sodium 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate under conditions typically applied for acid hydrolysis of tissues (6 M HCl, 110 °C, 24 h) to prepare AL-NP, a fluorescent bis-naphthol derivative of allysine. High performance liquid chromatography was applied for analysis of allysine content. Under optimal reaction and detection conditions, successful separation of AL-NP was achieved with excellent analytical performance attained. Good linear relationship (R 2 = 0.994) between peak area and concentration for AL-NP was attained for 0.35–175 pmol of analyte. A detection limit of 0.02 pmol in the standard sample with a 20 μL injection was achieved for AL-NP, with satisfactory recovery from 88 to 100% determined. The method was applied in the quantification of allysine in healthy and fibrotic mouse lung tissue, with the fibrotic tissue showing a 2.5 fold increase in the content of allysine.
Computational sensitivity investigation of hydrogel injection characteristics for myocardial support

Biomaterial injection is a potential new therapy for augmenting ventricular mechanics after myocardial infarction (MI). Recent in vivo studies have demonstrated that hydrogel injections can mitigate the adverse remodeling due to MI. More importantly, the material properties of these injections influence the efficacy of the therapy. The goal of the current study is to explore the interrelated effects of injection stiffness and injection volume on diastolic ventricular wall stress and thickness. To achieve this, finite element models were constructed with different hydrogel injection volumes (150µL and 300 µL), where the modulus was assessed over a range of 0.1kPa to 100kPa (based on experimental measurements). The results indicate that a larger injection volume and higher stiffness reduce diastolic myofiber stress the most, by maintaining the wall thickness during loading. Interestingly, the efficacy begins to taper after the hydrogel injection stiffness reaches a value of 50kPa. This computational approach could be used in the future to evaluate the optimal properties of the hydrogel.
The History of Mammoth Cave

Mammoth Cave is a long cave with a long, colorful history. This history includes all kinds of interesting characters including the frontier entrepreneurs who ran a saltpeter mining operation in the cave and then entered the strange and risky new business of underground (literally) tourism at a time when tourism above ground was rare. It also includes the adventurous travelers who ventured into the cave by lantern light with guides who were slaves. The guides’ lives differed from those of most slaves. Instead of working in the fields, they spent hours walking through the cave talking with wealthy travelers including scientists, writers, and European nobility, yet they still had to deal with the harsh realities of being slaves, including having their children sold away. The cave’s uses include a tuberculosis hospital, scientific research, a sleep study in which the father of sleep science and a graduate student lived in the cave for a month, inspiration for art, early cave photography, and a national park.
Nano-engineered Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries continue finding use in a variety of applications and are the ideal choice for next generation wireless communication devices and hybrid electric vehicles. However, there is a significant need to improve the power density, energy density, and the cycle life of these batteries for which nano-engineered silicon anodes have been realized as an effective approach. These silicon nanostructures provide very high charge storage capacity when compared with traditional carbon-based anodes. Moreover, shorter lithium diffusion distances associated with nanostructured anodes enable the battery to be operated at ultrafast charge/discharge rates which are critical for high-power applications such as in automotives. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the concept of nanostructured silicon as an anode material for lithium-ion battery technology and to review the latest developments in the field.
Fractional flow reserve guided percutaneous coronary intervention results in reduced ischemic myocardium and improved outcomes.

OBJECTIVES To determine if fractional flow reserve guided percutaneous coronary intervention (FFR-guided PCI) is associated with reduced ischemic myocardium compared with angiography-guided PCI. BACKGROUND Although FFR-guided PCI has been shown to improve outcomes, it remains unclear if it reduces the extent of ischemic myocardium at risk compared with angiography-guided PCI. METHODS We evaluated 380 patients (190 FFR-guided PCI cases and 190 propensity-matched controls) who underwent PCI from 2009 to 2014. Clinical, laboratory, angiographic, stress testing, and major adverse cardiac events [MACE] (all-cause mortality, recurrence of MI requiring PCI, stroke) data were collected. RESULTS Mean age was 63 ± 11 years; the majority of patients were males (76%) and Caucasian (77%). Median duration of follow up was 3.4 [Range: 1.9, 5.0] years. Procedural complications including coronary dissection (2% vs. 0%, P = .12) and perforation (0% vs. 0%, P = 1.00) were similar between FFR-guided and angiography-guided PCI patients. FFR-guided PCI patients had lower unadjusted (14.7% vs. 23.2%, P = .04) and adjusted [OR = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.34-0.98)] risk of repeat revascularization at one year. FFR-guided PCI patients were less likely (23% vs. 32%, P = .02) to have ischemia and had lower (5.9% vs. 21.1%, P < .001) ischemic burden (moderate-severe ischemia) on post-PCI stress testing. Presence of ischemia post-PCI remained a strong predictor of MACE [OR = 2.14 (95%CI: 1.28-3.60)] with worse survival compared to those without ischemia (HR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.06-2.51). CONCLUSION Compared with angiography-guided PCI, FFR-guided PCI results in less repeat revascularization and a lower incidence of post PCI ischemia translating into improved survival, without an increase in complications.
A Simple, Principled Approach to Combining Evidence From Meta-Analysis and High-Quality Replications:

Recent discussions of the influence of publication bias and questionable research practices on psychological science have increased researchers’ interest in both bias-correcting meta-analytic techn...
Exploring the Efficacy of Online Suicide Assessment Training in Counselor Education

ABSTRACTAn experimental design examining the efficacy of online suicide assessment training with counselor trainees was implemented to assess influence on a variety of related skills. Results from 2-factor mixed analyses of variance, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests partially supported the effectiveness of this method for improving suicide assessment skills, but challenged the use of online education for increasing trainees' suicide assessment skills.
1,4-Diazocines

Publisher Summary This chapter covers eight-member rings containing two nitrogens in a 1,4 position, and their fused-ring analogs. In some respects, the nomenclature of 1,4-diazocines is similar to that for the eight-member ring containing one nitrogen. The completely unsaturated compound, for which there exists two valence tautomeric structures is called 1,4 diazocine. The partially saturated derivatives are prefixed dihydro-, tetrahydro-, etc. The totally saturated compound is called perhydro- 1,4-diazocine, or 1,4 diazacyclooctane. This chapter covers all compounds bearing two nitrogens in a 1,4 position are covered, regardless of formal nomenclature. Certain abbreviations are used for compounds that are mentioned repeatedly. Thus, ED is ethylenediamine, OPD is o-phenylenediamine, DMAD is dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate, Bs is benzenesulfonyl, and Ts is p-toluenesulfonyl.
ADAPTIVE STABILIZATION OF ONE-PARAMETER FAMILIES OF SISO LINEAR SYSTEMS1

This note briefly sketches how one might use hysteresis switching and implicit tuning to realize an adaptive controller capable of stabilizing any member of a one-parameter family of siso linear systems.
Geographical Patterns of Urban Residential Development

In an urbanized environment, the geographical pattern of residential development is a complex phenomenon to model quantitatively. This is because it is a comprehensive and dynamic phenomenon that involves a wide spectrum of social, economic, cultural, and geographical variables. Conventional approaches to studying this phenomenon have been focusing on using one or just a few variables, while holding others constant, to obtain a sketchy impression of how the development of urban residential land use has changed over space and in time. Some examples can be found in Morcombe (1984), Donovan and Neiman (1993), Hitt (1994), Fulford (1996), Fader (2000), and Levia and Page (2000). As such, results from the research and literature on this topic offer only partial understandings of how urban residential lands develop geographically and temporally. For practical application, we would need to develop integrated models with definable quantitative measures.
The Overlooked Literary Path to Modern Electrophysiology: Philosophical Dialogues, Novels, and Travel Books

Abstract The early history of neurophysiology has two important roots. The earlier of the two involves various ideas about invisible animal spirits traversing the nerves. The other, which emerged during the eighteenth century, is based on the idea that the elusive spirits are electrical—that animal electricity really does exist. The latter idea stemmed in part from what was being discovered about three types of electric fishes and their shocks prior to Galvani’s broader claim in 1791 for animal electricity. This contribution focuses on how the shocks of each of these fishes had been described by three writers outside the fields of physiology and medicine: Plato, the well-known Greek philosopher, who actually provided the first good description of the powers of torpedo rays; Aphra Behn, a leading English Restoration playwright and novelist, who introduced many English speakers to the creature that would become best known as the “electric eel”; and Michel Adanson, a French botanist, who seemed to be the first to compare albeit the electric catfish’s shocks to those from a known source of electricity, a Leyden jar. All three authors were famous in their day, and all played important roles in the history of biological electricity by making others aware of one of Nature’s wonders, fishes that could “torpify,” even without direct contact.
Why are mediation effects so small

Identifying mediators in variable chains as part of a causal mediation analysis can shed light on issues of causation, assessment, and intervention. However, coefficients and effect sizes in a causal mediation analysis are nearly always small. This can lead those less familiar with the approach to reject the results of causal mediation analysis. The current paper highlights five factors that contribute to small path coefficients in mediation research: loss of information when measuring relationships across time, controlling for prior levels of a predicted variable, adding control variables to the analysis, ignoring measurement error in one’s variables, and using multiple mediators. It is argued that these issues are best handled by increasing the statistical power of the analysis, identifying the optimal temporal interval between variables, using bootstrapped confidence intervals to analyze the results, and finding alternate ways of assessing the meaningfulness of the indirect effect.
Modern-Day Foreign Language Majors: Their Goals, Attainment, and Fit Within a Twenty-First Century Curriculum

In 1967, John Carroll produced a seminal research report that overviewed the proficiency levels of foreign languages majors at U.S. colleges and universities with the goal to capture and record the state of foreign language instruction in the United States at the university and college level. This chapter revisits the status of foreign language proficiency amongst majors with data from language majors from three large state universities. Data collected in areas of listening, speaking, and reading are compared with the data of Carroll. Fifty years later, a similar picture emerges with speaking and listening skills falling behind other skills. What is different, however, is the general picture of what it means to be a major, with the majority of students today declaring multiple majors as opposed to the single “language/literature” major of the past. A second area of investigation concerned the possible predictors of success amongst language majors. Heritage status, study abroad and intrinsic motivation were important predictors, but amongst those three, it was intrinsic motivation that stands out. Similar to the findings of Carroll, a factor that is important is when language learning begins, with greater progress being made in college-level courses when language learning begins before tertiary education.
Trauma Consults by Geriatricians: Looking Into the Black Box.

The conceptual framework, targeting of older adults, and content of a targeted geriatric trauma consult (GTC) performed by geriatricians at a Level 1 trauma center are highlighted. The GTC is desig...
Magnetophoretic Delivery of a Tumor-Priming Agent for Chemotherapy of Metastatic Murine Breast Cancer.

Tumor microenvironment is a significant physical barrier to the effective delivery of chemotherapy into solid tumors. To overcome this challenge, tumors are pretreated with an agent that reduces ce...
Methods of Data Collection in Nuclear Power Plants

The operations and maintenance monitoring of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the United States is reliant on manual activities supplying information to a human decision-making process. Several manua...
Predictors of Early Departure among Recently Hired Child Welfare Workers

Child welfare workforce turnover has been well studied, although there is limited understanding of factors related to the timing of departure. This study examines predictors of early job departure among newly hired child welfare workers. Data come from the first two waves of a longitudinal study. The sample for this analysis included 1,257 respondents. Hierarchical logistical regression was used to investigate worker characteristics and organizational influences on early departure. Early leavers, or those who left within the first six months, were 14.8 percent (n = 186) of the sample. Regression results indicated that two worker characteristics-years of previous work experience and major of college degree-predicted early departure. Two measures of organizational influences during the transition from training to casework were significant predictors of early departure: (1) caseload size the first week after training and (2) role ambiguity. These findings suggest that organizational attention to the orientation and socialization of newly hired child welfare professionals are likely to be instrumental to preventing early turnover.
An examination of the evolving relationship between interest rates of different maturities in Japan, and test of the expectations hypothesis of the term structure to ascertain the feasibility of using asymmetric dynamics in yield spreads

The purpose of the study was to examine the evolving relationship between interest rates of different maturities in Japan, allowing for possible asymmetrical movements toward a long-run equilibrium rather than use of the traditional analysis of symmetrical movements. The relationship among interest rates of different maturities has been extensively studied with mixed results. This research provides empirical evidence concerning the properties of interest rate term structure using Japan's data from 1980 to 1998. The study employed the testing methodologies which permit asymmetry in the adjustment toward equilibrium in the threshold autoregressive and the momentum-threshold autoregressive specifications. The test results support the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rate. It was shown that the error correction toward the long-run equilibrium relationship is best estimated as an asymmetric process.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Utilization for Infection Prevention in the NICU: A Survey of Current Practice.

Background Central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Disinfection of skin is part of bundled cares aimed at prevention of CLABSI. While considered an essential component of insertion and maintenance bundles, the optimal solution to disinfect neonatal skin remains controversial. Purpose The purpose of this project was to survey neonatal nurse practitioners and nursing leaders across NICUs regarding the current use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in term and preterm infants. Methods This descriptive study involved the collection of survey data to determine NICU practices related to the use of CHG in their infant population. The sample was composed of nursing directors of NICUs and neonatal nurse practitioners who completed an electronic survey via a provided link. Findings/results Chlorhexidine was reported to be used in 53 (82.81%) of the NICUs and was the primary agent used to prepare the skin for central vascular catheter insertion (53.23%) followed by povidone-iodine (45.16%), and 70% isopropyl alcohol (1.61%). Gestational age or birth weight restrictions for CHG use were reported in 43 (82.69%) NICUs. Trends in the data demonstrated nursing's role in using CHG in the NICU. Adverse events reported from CHG included burns, redness, dermatitis, and other irritations. Concerns included risk of absorption, burns, skin irritation, lack of evidence, and overall safety. Implications for practice Systematic monitoring by nurse leaders is needed to identify evidence related to skin disinfection and CHG in neonates. Targeted education for nursing staff related to directed to developmental maturation of the skin, safe use of CHG, review of best evidence, rationale for usage of CHG, and potential iatrogenic effects is recommended. Implications for research Research is needed to evaluate the impact of educational offerings and surveillance for adverse events on CLABSI rates.
More Patients Are Being Discharged Home After Total Knee Arthroplasty, However Rates Vary Between Large Databases.

Abstract Background There have been significant advancements in perioperative care for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is essential to quantify the impact of efforts to better optimize patients and deliver care. The purpose of this study is to assess trends in discharge destination, length of stay (LOS), and complications. Methods Patients undergoing primary TKA were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) and Humana claims databases using procedural codes. Patients were classified as being discharged home or not home (skilled nursing facility, acute rehab, other non-home destinations). Changes in discharge destination, LOS, comorbidity burden, readmissions, and reoperation were assessed. Results In total, 254,195 ACS NSQIP patients underwent TKA, with an increase in home discharge from 67.2% in 2011 to 85.3% in 2017 (P Conclusion Patients undergoing TKA were discharged home more often, had shorter LOS, and had significantly lower readmission rates, despite an increasingly comorbid patient population. It is likely that these improvements in postoperative care have resulted in significant cost savings, for both payers and hospitals. The efforts necessary to create and maintain such improvements, as well as the source of data, should be considered when changes to reimbursement are being evaluated. The metrics studied in this paper should provide a comparison for further improvement with continued transition to bundle payments and transition to outpatient surgery with removal of TKA from the inpatient-only list.