cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dust explosions and collapsed ductwork

Abstract One of the more obvious consequences of a dust deflagration inside process equipment or a structure is the mechanical damage caused by shock (compression) waves. This overpressure damage is revealed through the displacement of equipment, the outward deformation or rupture of enclosures constructed of ductile materials, or the projection of missiles. However, a different type of damage is sometimes observed in the ductwork connecting process equipment. In particular, the ductwork is collapsed as if it were subjected to an external, rather than an internal pressure. The phenomenon that causes this collapse of thin-walled conduit is a gas dynamic process called an expansion wave. When a dust deflagration travels through a conduit, it accelerates and causes a rise in pressure. When the dust deflagration is vented (say through a deflagration vent), the discharge of the high-pressure combustion products causes the formation of an expansion wave that travels in the reverse direction of the original discharge. The expansion wave causes the pressure in the ductwork to fall below atmospheric pressure. The sub-atmospheric pressure, in turn, causes the ductwork to fail by buckling. In this study, we examine the gas dynamics of the expansion wave, demonstrate how to calculate the degree of pressure drop caused by the expansion wave, and illustrate the concept with case studies of dust explosions.
The Sacking of ‘Kaeplanta’: Whose Voice is Valued in the Built Environment

As Super Bowl LIII was taking place in Atlanta what dominated the headlines was not the football game but former quarterback Colin Kaepernick. Moments before kickoff, the NFL honored several civil ...
Slow fashion movement and sustainable consumption: Is it an opportunity for local fashion brands?

This study attempts to examine (1) to what degree consumers’ awareness of slow fashion movement shape their product evaluations, brand value preferences, attitudes towards, and acceptance of a Branded Sustainable Product (BSP); (2)how brand choices (global vs. local) influence consumers’ brand value preference, attitudes towards, and acceptance of a Branded Sustainable Product(BSP); and (3) if consumers with a high level of SFM more likely choose BSP offered by local brands. An online survey experiment was conducted with a national sample (N= 408) recruited through the research company of Qualtrics. The empirical study confirmed that consumers’ awareness of SFM shapes their product evaluations, brand engagement, attitudes, and acceptance of sustainable apparel products. Also, local brands do not have disadvantages in terms of competing in the sustainable product market. Creating more expressive value may help local brands cultivate more customers while offering sustainable fashion products
FPGA Acceleration of Number Theoretic Transform

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a technique that enables arbitrary computations on encrypted data directly. Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a fundamental component in FHE computations as it allows faster polynomial multiplication. However, it is computationally intensive and requires acceleration for practical deployment of FHE. The latency and throughput of existing NTT hardware designs are limited by the complex data communication pattern between adjacent NTT stages and the modular arithmetic operations. In this paper, we propose a parameterized architecture for NTT on FPGA. The architecture can be configured for a given polynomial degree, modulus and target hardware in order to optimize the latency and/or throughput. We develop a novel low latency fully pipelined modular arithmetic logic to implement the NTT core, the key computational unit of NTT. Streaming permutation network is used to reduce the data communication complexity between NTT stages. We implement the proposed architecture for various polynomial degrees, moduli, and data parallelism on state-of-the-art FPGAs. Experimental results show that our architecture configured to perform 4096 polynomial degree NTT achieves up to \(1.29\times \) and \(4.32\times \) improvement in latency and throughput respectively over state-of-the-art designs on FPGA.
Natural laminar flow wing optimization using a discrete adjoint approach

Natural laminar flow is one of the most promising ways to reduce the drag of future aircraft configurations. However, there is a lack of efficient tools for performing shape optimization considering laminar-to-turbulent transition. This is in part because including crossflow instabilities in the optimization is challenging. This paper addresses this need by developing a discrete, adjoint-based optimization framework where transition is modeled considering both Tollmien and Schlichting waves and crossflow instabilities. The framework is based on a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics solver coupled with a transition simulation module externally by incorporating into the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model through a smooth intermittency function. The transition simulation module consists of a laminar boundary-layer equations solver and a simplified stability analysis method based on the Drela–Giles method and the C1 criterion. A Jacobian-free coupled-adjoint method is used to compute the gradients of the transition prediction. Lift-constrained drag minimization of a transonic infinite span wing with 25∘ of sweep is performed. The optimizer successfully reduces the drag coefficient by 43.34%, owing to an extended laminar region on the wing surface, and finds a pressure distribution that strikes a balance between the Tollmien–Schlichting wave and crossflow instability transition mechanisms.
Cancer cells with defective RB and CDKN2A are resistant to the apoptotic effects of rapamycin

Abstract Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) with rapamycin in the absence of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling induces apoptosis in many cancer cell lines. In the presence of TGFβ, rapamycin induces G1 cell cycle arrest; however, in the absence of TGFβ, cells do not arrest in G1 and progress into S-phase where rapamycin is cytotoxic rather than cytostatic. However, we observed that DU145 prostate and NCI–H2228 lung cancer cells were resistant to the cytotoxic effect of rapamycin. Of interest, the rapamycin-resistant DU145 and NCI–H2228 cells have mutations in the RB and CDKN2A tumor suppressor genes. The gene products of RB and CDKN2A (pRb and p14ARF) suppress E2F family transcription factors that promote cell cycle progression from G1 into S. Restoration of wild type RB or inhibition of E2F activity in DU145 and NCI–H2228 cells led to rapamycin sensitivity. These data provide evidence that the combination of mutant RB and mutant CDKN2A in cancer cells leads to rapamycin resistance, which has implications for precision medicine approaches to anti-cancer therapies.
Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Actions of Cardiac Peptides

The presence of secretory granules in atrial myocytes (Jamieson and Palade, 1964) suggested that the heart, in addition to its muscular function, might be a secretory organ. More recently, the function of these secretorylike granules became apparent when deBold (1979) demonstrated that water deprivation resulted in an increase in granularity of the atria, suggesting a role for these specific granules, or their contents, in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance. Later, his group (deBold et al., 1981) demonstrated that saline extracts of atrial tissues, when injected intravenously (i.v.) into anesthetized rats, caused a rapid and potent increase in urinary sodium and chloride excretion and urine flow. They further speculated that atrial extracts contained a substance that inhibited renal tubular sodium chloride reabsorption and that the atria, a tissue known to monitor intravascular volume (Gauer et al., 1961), could be the source of hormonal agents that controlled fluid volume via renal mechanisms. There soon followed a virtual flood of reports detailing the renal and vascular effects of partially purified atrial extracts, culminated by the reports by several groups (Flynn et al., 1983; Atlas et al., 1984; Geller et al., 1984; Misono et al., 1984; and Scidah et al., 1984) of the isolation, purification, sequencing, and synthesis of a family of peptides from atrial extracts that possess the natriuretic/diuretic and/or spasmolytic effects of the crude extracts.
Mosaic C: An Experimental Fine-Grain Multicomputer

Commercial medium-grain multicomputers aimed at ultra-supercomputer performance are pursuing a less profitable scaling track than fine-grain multicomputers. The Caltech Mosaic C is an experimental, fine-grain multicomputer that employs single-chip nodes and advanced packaging technology to demonstrate the performance/cost advantages of the fine-grain-multicomputer architecture. Each Mosaic node includes 64KB of memory, an 11MIPS processor, a packet interface, and a router. The nodes are tied together with a 60MBytes/s, two-dimensional, routing-mesh network. The compilation-based programming system allows fine-grain, reactive-process, message-passing programs to be expressed in an extension of C++, and the runtime system performs automatic, distributed management of system resources. Mosaic components and programming tools have already been used by another project to implement the 400Mbits/s ATOMIC local-area network, and a 16K-node machine is under construction at Caltech to explore the programmability and application span of the architecture for large-scale computing problems.
Don't We Already Know Everything About Polaris?

Recent results on Polaris and other Cepheids, variable stars used as a yardstick for astronomical distances, illustrate some of the new capabilities we have for studying this important class of stars. In her Perspective, [Evans][1] charts some of the recent work and highlights some of the surprises that have been revealed, even in objects thought to be basically understood. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/289/5486/1888
Relative Size of the Black Population and Occupational Differentiation in Metropolitan Areas

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze structural factors affecting the cross-sectional variation in occupational differentiation between Blacks and Whites [in the United States]. More specifically this study attempts to analyze the relative importance of the effects of relative size of Black population education level of Blacks community size industrial structure demographic characteristics of the labor force and region on the cross-sectional variation in occupational differentiation between Blacks and Whites. (EXCERPT)
Plant Cell Growth and Elongation

Irreversible cell expansion is an essential process underlying plant growth and development. Growth begins with cell wall loosening which induces wall stress relaxation which in turn generates the reduced water potential that is needed for water uptake and volumetric expansion of the cell. Most growing cell walls consist of a cellulose scaffold embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides classified as pectins and hemicelluloses. Models of the growing cell wall are tentative hypotheses about how cell wall components are linked together to make a strong yet extensible wall and have implications about the mechanism of wall expansion. Recent evidence indicates that wall loosening by expansins and specific endoglucanases may be limited to specific regions (‘biomechanical hotspots’) where cellulose microfibrils come into close contact. The growing cell wall is dynamically modified by enzymes that change the structure of pectins and hemicelluloses, thereby altering their interactions with each other and with cellulose. Growth cessation is correlated with reduced expression of genes that promote wall loosening and changes in matrix polysaccharides that lead to a less extensible cell wall. Key Concepts: Irreversible cell expansion is an essential aspect of plant growth and morphogenesis. Surface expansion of the cell wall may be highly localised, as in tip-growing cells, or more evenly dispersed over the cell wall surface (‘diffuse growth’), occurs pattern common in most cells of the plant body. Most cells undergo a relatively brief period of rapid cell expansion after they leave the meristem and before they differentiate into mature cells. Expansive growth of plant cells requires simultaneous uptake of water into the cell and irreversible expansion of the cell wall. Cell growth begins with cell wall loosening which leads to ‘stress relaxation’ of the cell wall which in turn creates the water potential difference needed for water uptake by the cell, resulting in the physical enlargement of the cell. The growing cell wall is composed of a network of cellulose microfibrils embedded in pectins and hemicelluloses that make up the wall matrix; these materials combine to form a load-bearing structure that controls cell mechanics and physically limits cell growth. Deposition of new polymers to the wall is usually coordinated with surface expansion, but these are separable processes. Plant cell walls enlarge more rapidly at low pH (‘acid growth’), a process that is mediated by nonenzymatic proteins named α-expansins. Several classes of enzymes modify the structure of pectins and hemicelluloses in the cell wall, but it is not clear whether such activity modulates growth in most cases. Cessation of cell enlargement likely involves multiple processes, including tightening of the matrix-cellulose network and reduced expression of wall-loosening proteins. Keywords: cell enlargement; cell wall structure; pectins; hemicelluloses; cellulose; expansin; acid growth; wall stress relaxation; wall loosening; cell water uptake
A Near Infrared Search for Extragalactic Sources in the Galactic Plane

Few galaxies have been observed within the so-called “zone of avoidance” created by the dust clouds in the disk of the Milky Way. Two notable exceptions are the elliptical and spiral galaxies Maffei 1 & 2, which were serendipitously discovered on near infrared plates in 1968. Indeed, since dust extinction at K band is about 1/10th that of V band, NIR observations can be a powerful tool for studying the morphology of obscured galaxies at low Galactic latitudes. In an effort to locate other galaxies that might be associated with Maffei 1 & 2 we have undertaken a project to image a number of IRASselected sources near these galaxies in the J, H, and K bands. Our images suggest these sources are probably Galactic YSOs and embedded stars with three possible exceptions. We also found no additional companions of Maffei 2 in an extended 20′ × 20′ mosaic around the galaxy.
Diminished IL-10 production in subjects with allergy after infection with influenza A virus.

Abstract Background: Recent studies have documented a link between respiratory viral infections and the expression of asthma and other allergic disorders. Results from other studies have suggested that diminished production of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, may contribute to the pathophysiologic features of these diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether diminished IL-10 production and TH2 cytokine skewing occur in allergic, as compared with nonallergic, subjects after experimental infection with the influenza A virus. Methods: PBMCs were isolated from 11 subjects with allergy and 14 subjects with no allergy before and after influenza A infection and stimulated with either mitogen (PHA) or antigen (influenza A). Supernatants were assayed for IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-γ by ELISA. Results: PBMC IL-10 production was significantly diminished in subjects with allergy, as compared with subjects with no allergy, after experimental infection with influenza A virus. However, significant TH2 skewing and enhanced airway symptoms were not observed in these same subjects. Conclusions: These data provide further support that subjects with allergy have an intrinsic inability to upregulate IL-10 production in response to inflammatory stimuli and extend this observation to include respiratory viral infections. Future studies in this area could lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic disorders (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:1045-8.)
"Gaze and Proximity as Turn Regulators within Three-Party and Two-Party Child Conversations"

Gaze and proximity as nonverbal turn-taking behaviors were investigated within the three-party and two-party conversations of normal children. Subjects were six 4-year-old girls matched for familiarity. Alternations of 20-rain three-party and 15-rain two-party interactions were videotaped and transcribed. The data indicate that within nonsimultaneous language events, gaze and proximity, relate to changes in speaker turn and conversational role, with gaze functioning as a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker turn option and proximity, functioning as both a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker and a listener self-selection turn option. The data are discussed in terms of the sociocentric character of children's conversations.
Graphic Spaces: Veyron Illustrates Sollers

Philippe Sollers’ 1984 novel Portrait du joueur was republished in 1991 with illustrations by Martin Veyron. Incorporating pictures among words, this republication initiates relations of commentary...
EMS certification requirements for flight nurses

Abstract Introduction Emergency medical technician (EMT) or paramedic (EMTP) certification requirements for flight nurses (FNs) providing on-scene patient care vary. We surveyed those requirements and evaluated the relationships between flight team composition or program location and FN EMS certification. Methods Telephone survey of all 184 rotor-wing programs responding with a nurse to scenes Results The overall EMS training requirement for FNs was: none—57.6%, EMT—21.7%, EMTP—14.7%, local credential (not EMT or EMTP)—6.0%. Second team members were EMTP, RN, physician, or respiratory therapist (RRT). Overall, team configuration related significantly to FN EMS certification ( P = .01). FN/EMTP and FN/RRT teams were individually significant ( P Conclusion Most flight programs do not require FN EMT/EMTP certification. Team configuration and geography are related to those requirements.
Molecular orbital theory of the hydrogen bond. 26. The hydration of uracil

Ab initioSCF calculations with the STO-3G basis set have been performed to determine the structure and stability of a 6:1 water:uracil heptamer in which water molecules are hydrogen bonded to uracil at each of the six hydrogen-bonding sites in the uracil molecular plane. The structure of the heptamer describes a stable arrangement of these six water molecules, which are the primary solvent molecules in the first solvation shell, and is suggestive of the arrangement of secondary solvent molecules in that shell in the nonpolar region of the uracil molecular plane. The stabilization energy of the heptamer is 49.6 kcal/mol, or 8.3 kcal/mol per water molecule. The hydrogen bonds between uracil and water are the primary factor in the stabilization of the complex, although water–water interactions and nonadditivity effects are also significant.
A Mixed Method Study of the Merits of E-Prescribing Drug Alerts in Primary Care

Objectives The objective of this paper was to describe primary care prescribers’ perspectives on electronic prescribing drug alerts at the point of prescribing.
Transitive inference by pigeons: Does the geometric presentation of the stimuli make a difference?

In studies of transitive inference (TI), nonhuman animals are typically trained with the following 5-term task: A+B−, B+C−, C+D−, D+E− where the letters stand for arbitrary stimuli and [+] indicates that choice is reinforced and [−] indicates that choice is not reinforced. A TI effect is found when, given the untrained test pair BD, subjects choose B. TI effects have been found in many nonhuman species. Although reinforcement history has been posited as an account of the TI effect, it has failed to account for a variety of conditions under which TI effects have been found. A more cognitive account of TI is that organisms are able to form a representation of the series (A > B > C > D > E). In support of this hypothesis, Roberts and Phelps (Psychol Sci 5:368–374, 1994) found that presentation of the pairs of stimuli in a linear arrangement facilitated TI performance by rats, whereas presentation of the pairs of stimuli in a circular arrangement did not. Using methods adapted from Roberts and Phelps, we trained pigeons on either a linear or a circular arrangement of stimuli with the 5-term task. Results indicated that on the BD test pair, pigeons trained with a circular arrangement did not differ from those trained with a linear arrangement. Furthermore, we found that memory for training pairs was variable and was highly correlated with degree of TI. The results suggest that regardless of how pigeons are able to represent the stimuli, choice was not affected by the spatial arrangement of the stimuli during training.
Children of problem gamblers

An anonymous 37-item Health Survey was administered to 844 randomly selected ninth- to twelfth-grade students in four Southern California public high schools. Systematic information was gathered about their general health, quality of life, school and work adjustment, involvement with a range of potentially addictive substances and activities, and indications of psychosocial maladjustment, including difficulties with the law and suicide attempts. A series of self-ratings of students who characterized one or both of their parents as having a compulsive gambling problem (N=52) were contrasted with those of their classmates who reported no gambling problem among their parents (N=792). Findings have been grouped into three major areas: (a) comparative levels and reported effects of involvement with health-threatening behaviors (i.e., smoking, drinking, drug use, overeating, and gambling); (b) comparative incidence of psychosocial risk indicators (i.e., broken home, unhappy childhood and teenage years, legal action pending, overall quality of youth rated as “poor”); and (c) comparative incidence of dysphoria, school and work problems, and suicide attempts. Across each of these areas children of parents said to gamble excessively were found to be at consistently greater risk than their classmates who did not describe their parents as having a problem with compulsive gambling. These findings strongly suggest that without early and competent intervention, children of parents who gamble excessively: (a) will be seriously disadvantaged when attempting to solve their present adolescent and future adult problems of living; and (b) as a consequence are, themselves, high-risk candidates for developing one or another form of dysfunctional adjustment, including an addictive pattern of behavior.
Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation

Courage has seen an explosion of research in all branches of psychology, and the most popular measure is Norton and Weiss’s the courage measure (CM). Despite widespread use, limited investigations into its psychometric properties and validity have been performed. To ensure the strength of findings drawn from the scale, the current study performs a theoretical, psychometric, and empirical analysis of the CM. The results demonstrate that the CM has theoretical concerns stemming from the operational definition of courage used during its creation, and may not actually measure courage. Also, the CM was shown to consist of two dimensions separated by regular and reverse coding. Next, the scale demonstrated slight concerns with method effects, and its construct validity was analyzed. Together, the results demonstrate that the CM would benefit from the removal of reverse coded items, and may actually gage persistence despite fear rather than courage.
Recognizing Distributive or Integrative Negotiation Opportunities in Marketing Channels: The Conceptualization of Adaptive Negotiations

One of the fundamental approaches to the study of negotiations between marketing members is an examination of the distinctions between the distributive and integrative orientation. Application of this paradigm would be facilitated if channel members were better able to size up a future negotiation to determine which orientation would be appropriate under the current situational factors faced. This article presents the concept of adaptive negotiation as a method to help negotiators select their style given the circumstances faced with channel partners and compares this concept to adaptive selling to provide both academicians and practitioners a more well-established point of reference.
The magnetic moment of the 86.7 keV level of Dy160

Abstract Recoilless absorption measurements of the 86.7 keV γ-rays of Dy160 in Dy2O3 isotopically enriched in Dy160 and of the 25.6 keV γ-rays of Dy161 in Dy2O3 isotopically enriched in Dy161 were carried out at 20°K. The absolute value of the ratio of the g factor of the 86.7 keV 2+ level of Dy160 to the g factor of the ground state of Dy161 was found to be 2.02±0.12. Relying on previous measurement of the magnetic moment of the ground state of Dy161, a value of 0.37±0.04 was found for the g factor of the 86.7 keV rotational level of Dy160.
Taylored Lives: Narrative Productions in the Age of Taylor, Veblen, and Ford

The article reviews the book “Taylored Lives: Narrative Productions in the Age of Taylor, Veblen, and Ford,” by Martha Banta.
Sandwich theorems for operators of convex type

Abstract This note centers around a class of operators from a real vector space into a Dedekind complete ordered real vector space, which satisfy the usual convexity inequalities only with respect to some given subset Λ of the unit interval. It is shown that between a Λ-concave and a Λ-convex operator one can always find a Λ-affine operator. Several applications of this sandwich principle are given.
A Fainting Teenager

A 13-year-old female presented to the emergency department after a syncopal episode. This episode was preceded by a 3-day viral prodrome consisting of a subjective fever, upper respiratory symptoms, and fatigue. She was found to have severe bradycardia secondary to complete heart block and cardiogenic shock resulting in multisystem organ failure. The patient required transthoracic pacing in the emergency department with emergent transvenous pacing in the pediatric intensive care unit. A comprehensive evaluation for the underlying etiology of her heart block, cardiogenic shock, and multisystem organ failure revealed viral myocarditis.
Inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase by sesquiterpene lactones.

Abstract Inosine monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase had previously been determined to be a likely target enzyme for the sesquiterpene lactones, a class of potential anti-neoplastic drugs. IMP dehydrogenase was purified approx. 770-fold from the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia tumor cell line. The K m values for the substrates, IMP and NAD, were determined to be 12 μM and 25 μM, respectively. Xanthine monophosphate (XMP) was shown to be a competitive inhibitor with a K i of 67 μM. Mycophenolic acid gave mixed-type inhibition with a K i of 8 nM for the noncompetitive component and a K i of 2 nM for the competitive component. Dissociation constants ( K d ) and rate constants for inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase by nine different sesquiterpene lactones were determined. The highest K d was seen with 2,3-dihydrohelenalin while the lowest K d was observed with bis-helenalinyl malonate. Binding of the drugs by IMP dehydrogenase increased as the size of the drug increased. Also, changes in structure at position 6 had a relatively large effect on the K d . There was no correlation with hydrophobicity, as determined by octanol/water partition. The first-order rate constants for the reaction of the sesquiterpene lactones with IMP dehydrogenase ( k 1 ) and the second-order rate constants for the reaction of the sesquiterpene lactones with glutathione ( k 2 ) were also determined. The rate constants for most of the sesquiterpene lactones with the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety were similar and were approximately twice as great as the rate constants for those sesquiterpene lactones with only the α,β-unsaturated cyclopentenone ring. Microlenin had approximately 5-times the reactivity of the other sesquiterpene lactones towards IMP dehydrogenase, but had approximately the same reactivity towards glutathione, suggesting that it was bound to the enzyme in a way which facilitated its reaction with one or more essential sulfhydryls. The same procedure was used for a series of N-substituted maleimide compounds with the N-substituent ranging in size from a methyl group to a benzyl group. The binding of the maleimide compounds was generally tighter than for the sesquiterpene lactones and there was an increase in binding with size.
The Effect of Dialyzer Reprocessing on Performance and β2-Microglobulin Removal Using Polysulfone Membranes

Increased biocompatibility and lower cost are the two major arguments favoring routine dialyzer reprocessing. The impact of longer-term reprocessing is critical to the practical use of polysulfone membranes (PMs), because of the possibility of decreasing efficiency and performance, especially in the removal of β2-microglobulin (β2M), a protein that has been implicated in the development of dialysis-associated amyloidosis (DDA). In this study, we examine urea clearance (Kd), urea mass transfer coefficient (h0), ultrafiltration coefficient (Kuf), and percent removal of β2M up to 24 uses. The study involved 11 patients on hemodialysis for 5.27 ± 4.6 years, with a mean age of 62.5 ± 9.7 years and average run-time treatment of 2.78 ± 0.3 hours. PMs were tested after being reprocessed manually using bleach and formaldehyde. The efficacy of the dialyzer was examined on uses 1, 59 20, and 24, and the percent removal of 62M was determined except in the twentieth use and corrected for ultrafiltration. The Kd obtained through 24 uses showed no significant change, although h0 was significantly increased in the fifteenth use, and Kuf was significantly increased in the 10th and 20th use (P
Familial facial asymmetry (autosomal dominant hemihypertrophy

A family in which several members were affected with facial hemihypertrophy is reported. Mandibular asymmetry and maxillary hypoplasia were common to all affected persons in this family. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance appears to be the pattern of transmission of such a condition.
“Friedman’s Stockholder Theory of Corporate Moral Responsibility.

In this paper I critically discuss MiltonFriedman's classic article, ``The SocialResponsibility of Business is to Increase itsProfits.'' Friedman offers several argumentsfor his stockholder theory of corporate moralresponsibility, according to which acorporation's only moral responsibility is topromote the financial well-being of itsstockholders. I first consider aninconsistency in his statement of his position– namely, the distinct and non-equivalentconstraints he places on profit-maximization(``the rules of the game'' and ``the rules ofsociety''). I then turn to a consideration ofsix arguments Friedman gives to support histheory, spelling them out in detail and showingthat none of them is sound. I conclude with abrief intuitive argument against his theory.
Organization performance and voluntary union membership among human service organizations

Relationships between proportions of voluntary union members present and measures of productivity and efficiency were examined among 12 functionally comparable human service organizations in the USA. Measures of productivity were unrelated to variations in voluntary union membership among the organizations. Proportions of union members appeared to be strongly and negatively associated with measures of efficiency, independently of organization size. However, management prerogative appeared to have an important influence on these latter relationships.
Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and VP16-213 (ACE) in the treatment of small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer requires aggressive combination chemotherapy. The three active agents, doxorubicin (A) 45 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, cyclophosphamide (C) 1.0 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and VP16-213 (E) 50 mg/m2/day i.v. days 1–5 were given together. The combination (ACE) was given every 21 days without chest irradiation. One hundred and seventy-four patients have been stratified for extent of disease and randomized on three sequential studies testing ACE vs ACE + MER immunotherapy (38 patients), or ACE vs ACE alternating with CCNU, methotrexate, vincristine and procarbazine (109 patients), or ACE vs ACE II (ACE with continuous VP16-213-100 mg/m2/dayx5 days-27 patients-ongoing). The immunotherapy and the alternating non-cross resistant combination have not proven beneficial with respect to response or survival. The ACE combination, regardless of additional treatments, has produced greater than 90% response overall. In limited disease the complete response (CR) frequency is 65%. The median survival for limited disease overall is 14 months and 18 months for patients achieving CR. In extensive disease the CR frequency is 40% with a median survival of 9 months overall and 13 months for patients achieving CR. Response frequency and survival are identical in the first two studies and 20–30% of patients with limited disease are long-term survivors with one late relapse (>3 years). Patients who achieved CR had a significantly longer survival regardless of other factors such as performance status or extent of disease. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was demonstrated to be useful in prevention or delaying CNS metastases in patients who achieved CR. The third generation study of high-dose VP16-213 infusion seeks to increase the CR frequency. ACE chemotherapy without chest irradiation is a highly effective treatment for all patients with small cell lung cancer and compares favorably with all other studies with or without adjuvant radiotherapy.
Cross-listing effect of U.S. casino companies: Risk-adjusted performances

Abstract Globalization and market liberalization have resulted in more firms being listed on foreign stock exchanges. Even though cross-listing is an important corporate financial decision, research in this area for the hospitality discipline has been limited. The current study investigates issues of international cross-listing from the perspective of diversification. The findings from examination of five risk-adjusted measurements—Jensen's Alpha, Treynor Index, Sharpe Ratio, Sortino Ratio, and Upside Potential Ratio—for U.S. casino companies show that cross-listing improves U.S. casinos’ performances in terms of Jensen's Alpha and Sharpe Ratio, but not in terms of the other three measures.
Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: qualitative and quantitative analyses of parasite-induced knobs by atomic force microscopy.

We used the combination of an atomic force microscope and a light microscope equipped with epifluorescence to serially image Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. This procedure allowed us to determine unambiguously the presence and developmental stage of the malaria parasite as well as the number and size of knobs in singly, doubly, and triply infected erythrocytes. Knobs are not present during the ring stage of a malaria infection but a lesion resulting from invasion by a merozoite is clearly visible on the erythrocyte surface. This lesion is visible into the late trophozoite stage of infection. Knobs begin to form during the early trophozoite stage of infection and have a single-unit structure. Our data suggest the possibility that a two-unit structure of knobs, which was reported by Aikawa et al. (1996, Exp. Parasitol.84, 339–343) using atomic force microscopy, appears to be a double-tipped image. The number of knobs per unit of host cell surface area is directly proportional to parasite number in both early and late trophozoite stages. These results indicate that knob formation by one parasite does not influence knob formation by other parasites in a multiply infected erythrocyte. In addition, knob volume is not influenced by either parasite stage or number at the late trophozoite stage, indicating that the number of component molecules per knob is constant throughout the parasite maturation process.
PROPERTIES OF SIX QUARK CLUSTERS IN THE TOPOLOGICAL CHIRAL SOLITON MODEL

Abstract The energy and bag radius of a six-quark configuration are obtained from a topological chiral soliton model. The calculation shows that three and six quark systems in this model behave much as those in the MIT bag model.
Single Molecule Observations of Desorption-Mediated Diffusion at the Solid-Liquid Interface

By directly observing molecular trajectories on a chemically heterogeneous surface, we have identified two distinct modes of diffusion involving (1) displacements within isolated surface islands (crawling mode), and (2) displacements where a molecule desorbs from an island, diffuses through the adjacent liquid phase, and readsorbs on another island (flying mode). The diffusion coefficients corresponding to these two modes differ by an order of magnitude, and both modes are also observed on chemically homogeneous surfaces. Comparison with previous results suggested that desorption-mediated diffusion is the primary transport mechanism in self-assembled monolayer formation.
Primary Care Equals Secondary Prevention in Ischemic Heart Disease

The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is high among the elderly. Current projections indicate an even higher IHD prevalence over the next decade in the United States with significantly higher costs to an already taxed healthcare system.1 Accompanying this increasing burden of IHD is an undersupply of cardiovascular disease (CVD) specialists,1 meaning that primary care providers (PCPs) will remain the first line of care for patients with IHD in the foreseeable future.
Analysis of a six-quark model with right-handed currents☆

A model for the weak interactions using the six-quark model of Harari, right-handed currents, and heavy leptons which was proposed previously by some of us is analyzed in considerable detail. The model is one of a class of “vector-like” theories that are free of gauge theory anomalies. The neutral current is pure vector, which leads to predictions for diffractive production of vector mesons by neutrinos that are different from the predictions of the standard Weinberg-Salam model; the A1 uncouples and the fractions of ϱ and ω are enhanced. It is also predicted that relative production of I = 12 final states is larger than I = 32 final states in vN → vNπ in contrast to the Weinberg-Salam model. The non-leptonic decays of hyperons and mesons and the restrictions imposed by chiral symmetry are discussed. The decays of the charmed mesons are shown to be very rich due to the presence of both V − A and V + A interactions. The y-anomalies in neutrino interactions are discussed and calculations of dσdx and dσdy for both neutrinos and antineutrinos using modified Kuti-Weisskopf distributions are presented. Cross sections and ratios of neutrino and a neutrino cross sections are shown along with available experimental data. The v-distribution of dimuon events is also presented and compared with experiment. It is concluded that the model is not inconsistent with the currently available data.
Dosimetric effect of source centering and residual plaque for beta-emitting catheter based intravascular brachytherapy sources.

Catheter-based radiation delivery systems employing both β-particle and γ-ray emitters are currently being investigated for their efficacy in addressing restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The dosimetric consequences of source centering within the arterial lumen and presence of residual plaque are potentially important issues for the uniform delivery of dose to the arterial tissue. In this study, we have examined the effect of source centering on the resulting dose to the arterial wall from clinical intravascular brachytherapysources containing 32 P and 90 Sr/Y 90 . Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP code were performed for these catheter-based sources with offsets of 0.5 mm and 1 mm from the center of the arterial lumen in homogenous water medium as well as in the presence of residual plaque. Three different positions were modeled and the resulting dose values were analyzed to assess their impact on the resulting dose distribution. The results indicate a variation ranging from −40% to +70% for 32 P source and −30% to +50% for 90 Sr/ 90 Y at a radial distance of 2 mm from the center of the coronary artery, relative to the dose from a centered source, for a 0.5 mm offset. The variation for a 1 mm offset ranges from −65% to +182% for 32 P source and to −50% to +140% for 90 Sr/ 90 Y . A concentric residual plaque layer was also modeled so as to assess the combined influence of offset and residual plaque on the dosimetry. Finally the effect of cardiac motion and its potential impact on catheter position and hence the dose distribution is also examined by considering two separate cases of catheter displacement. The results indicate that dose variations range between −28% to +91% when it is assumed that cardiac motion causes catheter movement during coronary lesion irradiation.
Increase in respiratory rate during feeding in larvae of the cinnabar moth Tyria jacobaeae

. This study tested the effect of diet and phase of the feeding cycle on oxygen consumption by fifth-instar larvae of the cinnabar moth Tyria jacobaeae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). There was no significant variation in respiratory rates among larvae fed different diets, which were floral parts, upper, middle and lower leaves of the host plant tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea. The respiratory rates (xx± 95% Cl μlO2h-1) of feeding larvae (279.5 ± 30.9) were higher than those of larvae at rest (179.7 ± 12.2), but were not significantly different from those of larvae in the post-ingestive phase (272.8 ± 35.8). The respiratory rates of feeding larvae increased linearly with the ingestion rate, such that an additional 21.1 μl O2 were consumed for every mg dry mass of plant material eaten per hour.
Measurements with vertically viewing charge exchange analyzers during ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating in TFTR

The utility of charge exchange neutral particle analyzers for studying energetic ion distributions in high‐temperature plasmas has been demonstrated in a variety of tokamak experiments. Power deposition profiles have been estimated in the Princeton large torus (PLT) from particle measurements as a function of energy and angle during heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) and extensive studies of this heating mode are planned for the upcoming operational period in the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR). Unlike the horizontally scanning analyzer on PLT, the TFTR system consists of vertical sightlines intersecting a poloidal cross section of the plasma. A bounce‐averaged Fokker–Planck program, which includes a quasilinear operator to calculate ICRF‐generated energetic ions, is used to simulate the charge exchange flux expected during fundamental hydrogen heating. These sightlines also cross the trajectory of a diagnostic neutral beam (DNB), and it may be possible to observe the fast ion tai...
Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO2 environments

The increasing concentration of CO(2) in the atmosphere is expected to lead to global changes in the physical environment of terrestrial organisms. We are beginning to understand how these changes are transmitted into pervasive effects on the interactions between plants and their leaf-feeding insect herbivores. An elevated CO(2) atmosphere often stimulates plant carbon assimilation and growth and alters carbon allocation patterns. This, in turn, determines the quality of plants as resources for herbivorous insects. These 'quality' factors include: the concentrations of water, nitrogen and allelochemicals in host-plant leaves, and the toughness and starch and fiber content of leaf tissue. Because these parameters change in plants grown in enriched CO(2) environments, the doubled CO(2) levels anticipated for the next century will alter the dynamics of plant-insect herbivore interactions because herbivore consumption, growth and fitness are affected by the typically lower quality of plants grown under these conditions.
Development of the caffeine withdrawal symptom questionnaire: caffeine withdrawal symptoms cluster into 7 factors.

Abstract Background Habitual caffeine consumers who abstain from caffeine experience withdrawal symptoms such as headache, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, mood disturbances, and flu-like symptoms ( Juliano and Griffiths, 2004 ). The caffeine withdrawal syndrome has been documented across many experimental studies; however, little is known about how withdrawal symptoms co-vary during a discrete episode. Furthermore, a validated measure of caffeine withdrawal is lacking. Objective To develop, evaluate, and reduce a 23-item measure of caffeine withdrawal symptoms; the Caffeine Withdrawal Symptom Questionnaire (CWSQ), to a set of composite variables. Methods Caffeine consumers (N = 213) completed the CWSQ after 16 h of caffeine abstinence. A subset of participants also completed the CWSQ during a preceding baseline period and/or after double-blind consumption of caffeinated coffee. Results Principal components analysis resulted in a solution comprised of 7-factors: 1. Fatigue/drowsiness; 2. Low alertness/difficulty concentrating; 3. Mood disturbances; 4. Low sociability/motivation to work; 5. Nausea/upset stomach; 6. Flu-like feelings; and 7. Headache. With the exception of nausea/upset stomach, the CWSQ total score and individual composite scores were significantly greater during caffeine abstinence relative to both baseline and double-blind consumption of caffeinated coffee, thereby demonstrating sensitivity of the measure. Compared to non-daily coffee consumers, daily consumers had greater increases in total withdrawal, fatigue/drowsiness, low alertness/difficulty concentrating, mood disturbances, and headache. Conclusions Future directions include replication, assessment on a clinical population, and further examination of psychometric properties of the CWSQ. The CWSQ should facilitate the assessment and diagnosis of caffeine withdrawal and increase our knowledge of the caffeine withdrawal syndrome.
Do we really need a new operation for Hirschsprung's disease?

Dear Sir, I read with interest the original article recently published by Gopal [1], in which the author presented a new sur- gical technique for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. I have some concerns regarding this technique: (1) a fairly long aganglionic segment (up to the level of the pelvic floor) was left in place, aiming to preserve a sen- sation of defecation. The ectorectal dissection around this segment down to the anorectal junction may affect the nerve supply, which is already abnor- mal. Also, potential impairment of its blood supply may lead to ischemia, resulting in later fibrosis and stricture; (2) there are considerable technical difficulties in tucking the seromuscu- lar cuff around the rectum low enough to avoid leaving an aganglionic seg- ment without ectorectal seromuscular cuff coverage through a totally pelvic approach; (3) the author's technique still carries the risk of injury to the pelvic nerves during ectorectal dissec- tion; and (4) the author performs a routine back-up colostomy, which could safely be confined only to cases in which intraoperative circumstances necessitate one. Finally, the potential disadvantages of the author's technique and the fact that the already available classic surgi- cal procedures for the treatment of Hirschsprnng's disease have proven to have fairly good short-term as well as comparable long-term results raises the question: do we really need a new operation for Hischsprung's disease?