cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why the Glove of Mathematics Fits the Hand of the Natural Sciences So Well :How Far Down the (Fibonacci) Rabbit Hole Goes

Why does the glove of mathematics fit the hand of the natural sciences so well? Is there a good reason for the good fit? Does it have anything to do with the mystery number of physics or the Fibonacci sequence and the golden proportion? Is there a connection between this mystery (golden) number and Leibniz’s general question, why is there something (one) rather than nothing (zero)? The acclaimed mathematician G.H. Hardy (1877-1947) once observed: “In great mathematics there is a very high degree of unexpectedness, combined with inevitability and economy.” Is this also true of great physics? If so, is there a simple “preestablished harmony” or linchpin between their respective ultimate foundations? The philosopher-mathematician, Gottfried Leibniz, who coined this phrase, believed that he had found that common foundation in calculus, a methodology he independently discovered along with Isaac Newton. But what is the source of the harmonic series of the natural log that is the basis of calculus and also Bernhard Riemann’s harmonic zeta function for prime numbers? On the occasion of the three-hundredth anniversary of Leibniz’s death and the one hundredth-fiftieth anniversary of the death of Bernhard Riemann, this essay is a tribute to Leibniz’s quest and questions in view of subsequent discoveries in mathematics and physics. (In the Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Dec. 2008 and Oct. 2010, I have already sympathetically discussed in detail Riemann’s hypothesis and the zeta function in relation to primes and the zeta zeros. Both papers were republished online in 2013 by Taylor and Francis Scientific Publishers Group.)
A Cluster Randomized Trial of a Personalized Multi-Condition Risk Assessment in Primary Care.

Introduction Personal risk for multiple conditions should be assessed in primary care. This study evaluated whether collection of risk factors to generate electronic health record (EHR)-linked health risk appraisal (HRA) for coronary heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer was associated with improved patient–provider communication, risk assessment, and plans for breast cancer screening. Methods This pragmatic trial recruited adults with upcoming visits to 11 primary care practices during 2013–2014 (N=3,703). Pre-visit, intervention patients completed a risk factor and perception assessment and received an HRA; coded risk factor data were sent to the EHR. Post-visit, intervention patients reported risk perception. Pre-visit, control patients only completed the risk perception assessment; post-visit they also completed the risk factor assessment and received the HRA. No data were sent to the EHR for controls. Accuracy/improvement of self-perceived risk was assessed by comparing self-perceived to calculated risk. Results The intervention was associated with improvement of patient–provider communication of changes to improve health (78.5% vs 74.1%, AOR=1.67, 99% CI=1.07, 2.60). There was a similar trend for discussion of risk (54.1% vs 45.5%, AOR=1.34, 95% CI=0.97, 1.85). The intervention was associated with greater improvement in accuracy of self-perceived risk for diabetes (16.0% vs 12.6%, p =0.006) and colorectal cancer (27.9% vs 17.2%, p Conclusions Patient-reported risk factors and EHR-linked multi-condition HRAs in primary care can modestly improve communication and promote accuracy of self-perceived risk.
Medical student expectations from surgical education: A two-year institutional experience.

Abstract Background The third-year surgical rotation is the first exposure medical students have to the fundamentals of surgical education. It is known that medical students come to the surgical clerkship with preconceived ideas, many of them negative and based on prior student feedback and hearsay. Methods An anonymous survey was conducted of third-year medical students while on the surgical clerkship. We sought to quantify student's experiences and expectations by assessing the students' confidence levels before and after the rotation. Results Over a 26 month period from July 2013–August 2015, 250 surveys were conducted. In terms of confidence gained on the surgical rotation, students reported a statistically significant (p Conclusions The third-year clerkship is the first exposure to surgery for many medical students. Surgical educators are tasked with providing a foundation for clinical medicine; however, students have expressed an expectation to be more involved with complex patient care and management.
The impact of round window vs cochleostomy surgical approaches on interscalar excursions in the cochlea: Preliminary results from a flat-panel computed tomography study

Abstract Objective To evaluate incidence of interscalar excursions between round window (RW) and cochleostomy approaches for cochlear implant (CI) insertion. Methods This was a retrospective case-comparison. Flat-panel CT (FPCT) scans for 8 CI users with Med-El standard length electrode arrays were collected. Surgical technique was identified by a combination of operative notes and FPCT imaging. Four cochleae underwent round window insertion and 4 cochleae underwent cochleostomy approaches anterior and inferior to the round window. Results In our pilot study, cochleostomy approaches were associated with a higher likelihood of interscalar excursion. Within the cochleostomy group, we found 29% of electrode contacts (14 of 48 electrodes) to be outside the scala tympani. On the other hand, 8.5% of the electrode contacts (4 of 47 electrodes) in the round window insertion group were extra-scalar to the scala tympani. These displacements occurred at a mean angle of occurrence of 364° ± 133°, near the apex of the cochlea. Round window electrode displacements tend to localize at angle of occurrences of 400° or greater. Cochleostomy electrodes occurred at an angle of occurrence of 19°–490°. Conclusions Currently, the optimal surgical approach for standard CI electrode insertion is highly debated, to a certain extent due to a lack of post-operative assessment of intracochlear electrode contact. Based on our preliminary findings, cochleostomy approach is associated with an increased likelihood of interscalar excursions, and these findings should be further evaluated with future prospective studies.
TEMPERATURE PROFILES DURING COMMERCIAL PASTEURIZATION OF MEAT FROM THE BLUE CRAB

Crab meat is pasteurized to inactivate most of the spoilage microorganisms, thereby extending its shelf life under refrigeration, but the process is not intended to achieve commercial sterility. As a first step in determining if spores of Clostridium botulinum would survive the process, crab meat temperatures were measured during commercial pasteurization. Tests were done in commercial establishments in Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. Cans of crab meat were instrumented with thermocouples, and heating curves were recorded during normal commercial processing. Water bath temperatures were reasonably constant among the different processors, ranging from 186 to 189 F. Holding times were more variable and ranged from 92 to 150 min. Lethality of the lowest thermal process was estimated to be equivalent to 18 min at 180 F.
The Cautionary Tale of the Initial Widespread Foray Into Psychiatric Genetics.

Kong, Dunn, and Parker (2017) highlight a number of challenges with the incorporation of genetic information into psychiatric medicine. We aim to advance their contribution by reflecting on ethical...
Establishment and characterization of an oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line from a never-smoking patient.

Abstract Objective The rising incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) in patients who have never smoked and the paucity of knowledge of its biological behavior prompted us to develop a new cell line originating from a never-smoker. Materials and methods Fresh tumor tissue of keratinizing OTSCC was collected from a 44-year-old woman who had never smoked. Serum-free media with a low calcium concentration were used in cell culture, and a multifaceted approach was taken to verify and characterize the cell line, designated UCSF-OT-1109. Results UCSF-OT-1109 was authenticated by STR DNA fingerprint analysis, presence of an epithelial marker EpCAM, absence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA, and SCC-specific microscopic appearance. Sphere-forming assays supported its tumorigenic potential. Spectral karyotype (SKY) analysis revealed numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified 46 non-synonymous and 13 synonymous somatic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one frameshift deletion in the coding regions. Specifically, mutations of CDKN2A, TP53, SPTBN5, NOTCH2, and FAM136A were found in the databases. Copy number aberration (CNA) analysis revealed that the cell line loses chromosome 3p and 9p, but lacks amplification of 3q and 11q (as does HPV-negative, smoking-unrelated OTSCC). It also exhibits four distinctive focal amplifications in chromosome 19p, containing 131 genes without SNPs. Particularly, 52 genes showed >3- to 4-fold amplification and could be potential oncogenic drivers. Conclusion We have successfully established a novel OTSCC cell line from a never-smoking patient. UCSF-OT-1109 is potentially a robust experimental model of OTSCC in never-smokers.
RUPTURE OF THIN LIQUID FILMS

Publisher Summary The rupture of thin liquid films occurs in many colloid systems. The coalescence of droplets and bubbles, the creation of dry patches, and the breakdown of films into rivulets involve such rupture. The spontaneous rupture of a film occurs at a critical thickness. Negative disjoining pressures cause thin regions to thin further. Surface tension resists these tendencies but loses this competition for thin enough films. This chapter examines non-linear effects in film rupture. The thinness of the layer should give rise to non-isotropies in the mechanical behavior of the material, which in a continuum representation might be represented in terms of a non-isotropic stress tensor. If one could formulate such a model, one would then have a static-state solution that is subjected to long-wave instabilities. One could adapt the present formalism to this system and obtain an evolution equation. The long-wave theory averages over the depth, then the more elaborate evolution equation obtained might give the results that are similar to those of the model system.
Abstract 1107: Co-treatment with a C1B5 domain peptide of protein kinase Cγ and a low dose of gemcitabine effectively inhibited pancreatic cancer growth in mouse peritoneal cavity

Although the gemcitabine is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer, unacceptable side effects often accompany. Since we have previously discovered that PKCγ C1B domain peptides effectively control tumor growth without any side effect (Kawabata et. al, Cancer Biol Ther, 2012), we sought to examine the efficacy of co-treatment with this peptide and a low dose of gemcitabine on the growth of pancreatic cancer. Although individual and co-treatment with C1B5 peptide (1µM) and gemcitabine (20 nM) weakly inhibited growth of PAN02 murine pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma in 2D culture, either treatment effectively attenuated spheroid growth on PAN02 cells in 3D culture with 48.2% and 35.8% inhibition, respectively. Combination treatment with the C1B5 peptide and gemcitabine further attenuated the growth of PAN02 cells (69.5% inhibition). In mice bearing peritoneal allograft tumors of PAN02 cells (2.5 x 105 cells/mouse), combination treatment with C1B5 peptide at 20 mg/kg (every other day) and gemcitabine 15 mg/kg (every three days) markedly inhibited tumor growth of PAN02 allografts (94% inhibition) more than individual treatment with gemcitabine (76% inhibition) or C1B5 peptide (39% inhibition). The tumor growth inhibition by the combination treatment was similar to the higher dose (50 mg/kg) of gemcitabine alone treatment. Peritoneal cavity infiltrated neutrophils and granzime B+ lymphocyte numbers were significantly higher in combination treatment group than in control group. In cell culture study, the treatment with C1B5 peptide alone (1µM) significantly increased INF-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α mRNA levels, suggesting that C1B5 peptide directly stimulated Jurkat cell activation. These studies suggest that stimulation of leucocyte migration toward cancer tissues and activation of cytotoxic T cells may play important roles in tumor growth attenuation by the combination treatment of C1B5 peptide and gemcitabine. Taken together, the current study suggests that C1B5 peptide offers an effective combination treatment strategy to reduce side effects associated with gemcitabine without losing tumoricidal effect of this agent. This work is supported in part by Kansas State University Johnson Cancer Research Center, NIH grants P20 GM103418, and Kansas State Bioscience Authority Collaborative Cancer Research grant. Citation Format: Alejandro Zulbaran, Kelsey Monson, Susumu Ishiguro, Atsushi Kawabata, Deepthi Uppalapati, Naomi Ohta, Masaaki Tamura. Co-treatment with a C1B5 domain peptide of protein kinase Cγ and a low dose of gemcitabine effectively inhibited pancreatic cancer growth in mouse peritoneal cavity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1107. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1107
Negative Effects of Chronic Rapamycin Treatment on Behavior in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability, is also highly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is caused by expansion of a CGG repeat sequence on the X chromosome resulting in silencing of the FMR1 gene. This is modeled in the mouse by deletion of Fmr1 (Fmr1 KO). Fmr1 KO mice recapitulate many of the behavioral features of the disorder including seizure susceptibility, hyperactivity, impaired social behavior, sleep problems, and learning and memory deficits. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (mTORC1) is upregulated in Fmr1 KO mice and is thought to be important for the pathogenesis of this disorder. We treated Fmr1 KO mice chronically with an mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, to determine if rapamycin treatment could reverse behavioral phenotypes. We performed open field, zero maze, social behavior, sleep, passive avoidance, and audiogenic seizure testing. We found that p-S6 was upregulated in Fmr1 KO mice and normalized by rapamycin treatment, but, except for an anxiogenic effect, it did not reverse any of the behavioral phenotypes examined. In fact, rapamycin treatment had an adverse effect on sleep and social behavior in both control and Fmr1 KO mice. These results suggest that targeting the mTOR pathway in FXS is not a good treatment strategy and that other pathways should be considered.
PEPFAR — 15 Years and Counting the Lives Saved

PEPFAR — 15 Years and Counting the Lives Saved Launched in 2003, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has had a major impact on the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Support for the program should continue, allowing it to serve as a model for the control and elimination of other devastating infectious diseases.
Glial and neuronal expression of cyclooxygenase-2: relevance to Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, affecting over 4 million individuals in the United States at an estimated annual cost of $100 billion. AD typically presents with memory loss followed by progressive cognitive deterioration over a period of 5 to 10 years. This clinical pattern is mirrored by neuropathology first in the hippocampus and associated structures with later involvement of cortical regions and some subcortical nuclei. Recent research efforts have lead to significant advances in our understanding of the genetics and pathological hallmarks of AD. However, we still do not understand the cause(s) of this disease, and current therapeutic interventions do not influence the overall progression of AD.
How to Treat Equals

Your equals should be your allies and friends. Try to cooperate. If needed, be generous. Try to extend the friendship beyond work.
Nanoimmunotherapy to treat ischaemic heart disease

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the large arteries and the underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis is driven by cholesterol accumulation and subsequent inflammation in the vessel wall. Despite the clinical successes of lipid-lowering treatments, atherosclerosis remains one of the major threats to human health worldwide. Over the past 20 years, insights into cardiovascular immunopathology have provided a plethora of new potential therapeutic targets to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and have shifted the therapeutic focus from lipids to inflammation. In 2017, the CANTOS trial demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effects of targeting inflammation to treat cardiovascular disease by showing that IL-1β inhibition can reduce the recurrence rate of cardiovascular events in a large cohort of patients. At the same time, preclinical studies have highlighted nanotechnology approaches that facilitate the specific targeting of innate immune cells, which could potentially generate more effective immunomodulatory treatments to induce disease regression and prevent the recurrence of cardiovascular events. The clinical translation of such nanoimmunotherapies and their application to treat patients with ischaemic heart disease are challenges that lie ahead.
DC-DRF: Adaptive Multi-Resource Sharing at Public Cloud Scale

Public cloud datacenters implement a distributed computing environment built for economy at scale, with hundreds of thousands of compute and storage servers and a large population of predominantly small customers often densely packed to a compute server. Several recent contributions have investigated how equitable sharing and differentiated services can be achieved in this multi-resource environment, using the Extended Dominant Resource Fairness (EDRF) algorithm. However, we find that EDRF requires prohibitive execution time when employed at datacenter scale due to its iterative nature and polynomial time complexity; its closed-form expression does not alter its asymptotic complexity. In response, we propose Deadline-Constrained DRF, or DC-DRF, an adaptive approximation of EDRF designed to support centralized multi-resource allocation at datacenter scale in bounded time. The approximation introduces error which can be reduced using a high-performance implementation, drawing on parallelization techniques from the field of High-Performance Computing and vector arithmetic instructions available in modern server processors. We evaluate DC-DRF at scales that exceed those previously reported by several orders of magnitude, calculating resource allocations for one million predominantly small tenants and one hundred thousand resources, in seconds. Our parallel implementation preserves the properties of EDRF up to a small error, and empirical results show that the error introduced by approximation is insignificant for practical purposes.
Football Stadium Expansion: A Multiparty Negotiation Exercise.

Multiparty negotiations are a unique context in which three or more parties have different issues, priorities, and underlying interests. The Football Stadium Expansion is a four-person negotiation ...
Primer on Interprofessional Simulation for Clinical Laboratory Science Programs: A Practical Guide to Structure and Terminology

1. Michelle R. Brown, MS, MLS(ASCP)CMSBBCM[⇑][1] 1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Birmingham, AL 2. Penni Watts, PhD, RN, CHSE-A 1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL 1. Address for Correspondence: Michelle R. Brown, MS, MLS(ASCP)CMSBBCM, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Assistant Professor, School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, 1705 University Blvd, SHPB 474, Birmingham, AL 35294, 205-934-5987, michellebrown{at}uab.edu 1. Differentiate types of simulation modalities. 2. Define fundamental terms associated with simulation. 3. Distinguish the three phases of simulation and determine the importance of each phase. Interprofessional (IP) simulation is an effective way to teach teamwork, communication, and utilization of resources.1,2 While traditional classroom learning for health professionals rarely involves application of skills, simulation affords opportunities for practicing communication and collaboration. It allows students and/or practitioners to come together in a safe environment to learn clinical skills and practice communication strategies while serving as a means for clarifying roles on a healthcare team. Laboratory professionals are often described as being behind the scenes. Simulation allows laboratory practitioners to participate on the team and elucidate the importance of the lab during debriefing. In order for laboratory science students and practitioners to participate in medical simulation, there must first be a fundamental understanding of the organization and terminology. Defining Simulation Within healthcare education, experiential learning has become a central aspect of training our future healthcare providers. Simulation is defined as a technique providing experiences that represent or mimic a real life event or situation allowing learners to apply skills and knowledge to providing care during a simulated clinical event.3 During a simulation, there are no real patients, thereby allowing learners to test and try their hand at synthesizing pieces of information into clinical situations without the potential for harm (Figure1). For example, a simulation may involve learners being placed in a simulated environment with a mannequin, or standardized patient that needs an intravenous line started and requiring a blood transfusion. The learners must interact together while obtaining blood and administer it to the patient. Benefits of Simulation Simulation… ABBREVIATIONS: INACSL - Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning, IP – Interprofessional 1. Differentiate types of simulation modalities. 2. Define fundamental terms associated with simulation. 3. Distinguish the three phases of simulation and determine the importance of each phase. [1]: #corresp-1
Investigating the Relationships Between Perceived Mattering, Role Stress, and Psychological Need Satisfaction in Physical Education Teachers

Purpose:Despite being linked with motivationally-supportive instruction, little research has investigated antecedents to physical educators’ psychological need satisfaction. This study examined rel...
Development of the chick embryo mesoblast: pronephros, lateral plate, and early vasculature

The early development of the mesoblast in the intermediate and lateral regions of the chick embryo was examined with the scanning and transmission electron microscope. It was found that primary mesenchyme here becomes condensed into epithelial structures that emerge in a metameric pattern. Viewed in developmental sequence, the intermediate mesoblast condenses into a narrowing cord of axially oriented cells which divert medially at regular intervals into the intersegmental interfaces of somitomeres and somites. These cells give rise to the vascular channels of the posterior cardinal vein as well as to tubular elements of the pronephros. Intermediate mesenchyme cells become epithelial, forming zonular junctional complexes apically and depositing patchy basal lamina over their basal surfaces. The lateral plate mesenchyme organizes similarly into somatic and splanchnic epithelial sheets that utilize the body coelom as their lumenal surface. Cells of the lateral plate extend filopodia basally that interweave with adjacent cells, fibrillar extracellular matrix, as well as with interstitial bodies. The pattern in the lateral plate is subtly ribbed as bands of mesoblast undulate along the axis. The central region of each band is raised while there are grooves created along lines of band abutment, corresponding to intersegmental clefts in the paraxial region and reflecting an underlying metameric pattern. These grooves are usually demarked medially by the protrusion of short segments of adjacent intermediate mesoblast. Most of the remaining primary mesenchyme develops into a non-metameric vascular epithelium, which forms a prominent anastamosing plexus between splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm. It is proposed that the emergence of primary mesenchyme into patterned epithelial anlage facilitates the distribution of neural crest cells introduced subsequently.
Chapter 3 – Programs

This chapter covers programs. The back end of the compilation process, which helps determine the quality of the code, is the first topic. The chapter extensively covers memory system optimizations since memory behavior is a prime determinant of both performance and energy consumption. It covers performance analysis including both simulation and worst-case execution time analysis. It also considers how models of computing are reflected in programming models and languages.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Tobacco-Related Products in College Students.

Background – Despite the highly publicized health consequences, some college students do not perceive tobacco consumption as harmful. Historically-Black College and Universities (HBCUs) have the lowest rates of tobacco-free policies compared to other colleges, universities, and minority-serving institutions, making their students at higher risk for tobacco abuse. A campus Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Prevention Committee (ATDP) was formed and led by a pharmacist to develop all tobacco cessation policies at the HBCU. Objectives – (1) To determine the knowledge and attitudes of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes, and hookah among college students in a rural area with high tobacco usage; (2) To assess perceptions on the effectiveness of smoking cessation resources on the college campus led by the ATDP committee. Methods – A cross-sectional study was conducted on 99 students between 18 – 26 years attending a HBCU in Maryland. The online survey was disseminated to assess student’s health behaviors and attitudes towards tobacco products and their successfulness in abstinence using campus resources with the Health Belief Model. Results – Participants had more perceived harms with smoking tobacco (cigarettes and cigars) and smokeless tobacco, and greater perceived benefits with using electronic cigarettes and hookah (P < 0.001). Most students had limited knowledge of the four tobacco categories (5.8 ± 2.6 on a 10-point Likert scale). Self-efficacy to quit was 4.2 ± 1.7 on a 10-point Likert scale despite the current resources at the HBCU. Conclusion – Students had a perceived benefits sequential rank order with hookah, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, followed by smoking tobacco. Campuses should investigate barriers for abstinence, raise awareness about the dangers of tobacco, and create programs that enhance self-efficacy when quitting. Innovation and Practice Implication - This is the first study of its kind that compares all major tobacco products head-to-head in a rural and underrepresented population. Additionally, the development of a campus-wide tobacco policy was novel as it was pharmacist-led. The results show this population has limited knowledge of tobacco products with more perceived benefits among newer nicotine delivery systems. Targeted education and public health programs should be implemented to prevent this susceptible group from initiating and continuing tobacco products. Article Type: Original Research
Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function

Activated carbon can be manufactured from waste coffee grounds via physical and/or chemical activation processes. However, challenges remain to quantify the differences in surface morphology between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. This paper presents a novel quantitative method to determine the quality of the physical and chemical activation processes performed in the presence of intensity inhomogeneity and identify surface characteristics of manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. The spatial density was calculated by the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic in scanning electron microscopy images. The spatial characteristics were determined by analyzing Ripley’s K function and complete spatial randomness. Results show that the method introduced in this paper is capable of distinguishing between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds, in terms of surface morphology.
Teaching advanced pharmacy practice experience students to be effective teachers of second-year pharmacotherapy students

Abstract Introduction Academic advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) are unique elective opportunities for student pharmacists to engage with and learn about academia. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of second-year (PY2) student participation in fourth-year (PY4) academic APPE student-delivered review sessions on individual pharmacotherapy examination scores. Methods The PY2 cohort was evaluated by comparing their performance against the class average when they did and did not attend a review session. Utilizing a t-test, we sought to determine if there was a significant change in student performance. Qualitative evaluations were also performed on the PY4 students experience during their rotation. Results A total of 28 PY2 student pharmacists took a total of 140 exams during the study period. Of the 140 exams taken, 54 individual exams were taken after attending a review session created and led by PY4 student pharmacists and 86 exams were taken in the absence of attending a review session. Analysis showed that student performance on exams after attending a review session was 0.4 SD above the class average, while performance was very close to the class average at 0.05 SD above the class average when review sessions were not attended. Conclusions PY4 student pharmacists trained on an academic APPE can improve PY2 student pharmacists' pharmacotherapy exam scores. APPE students also self-reported positive learning experiences while participating in this teaching.
Clinician Identified Barriers and Strategies for Advance Care Planning in Seriously Ill Pediatric Patients

Abstract Context Parents desire more opportunities for advance care planning (ACP), however, large-scale adoption of ACP for seriously ill children remains unrealized. Little is known about current approaches to ACP and strategies to circumvent existing barriers to ACP provision. Objective To explore multidisciplinary clinician perceptions about perceived barriers and strategies to improve ACP provision. Design Qualitative study including focus groups conducted with multidisciplinary clinicians at two centers from December 2018-April 2019. Iterative multi-stage thematic analyses were utilized to identify key contexts and themes pertaining to current approaches to ACP, as well as clinician perspectives on ACP barriers and improvement strategies. Results Thirty-five clinicians (physicians, nurses, and psychosocial clinicians) participated in identifying both clinician and perceived patient and family barriers to initiating and engaging in ACP discussions, including mixed messaging, lack of knowledge of patient and family goals, prognostic uncertainty, poor prognostic awareness, unstandardized documentation, and family dynamics. Clinicians also identified strategies to overcome these barriers and to facilitate ACP discussions, including enhancing multidisciplinary communication, creation of a shared ACP communication framework, and formal training in ACP communication to normalize ACP throughout a child's disease trajectory. Conclusion Despite ubiquitous recognition of the importance of ACP communication, various clinician- and parent-level barriers were identified which impede ACP in children with serious illness and their families. Improvement strategies should focus on formal clinician training on how to conduct and document longitudinal ACP discussions to ensure care is aligned with family goals and values.
Project-Based Teaching of a Manufacturing Class During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The plastics engineering program at the University of Massachusetts Lowell has taught mold design and engineering to undergraduate students for over 60 years. In 2020, the unexpected arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in March forced the instructors to revisit the class program and objectives. Similar to other academic courses, the class became virtual. This meant redesigning an intensive hands-on manufacturing class into one that could be taught and taken from our home offices while maintaining academic rigor and continuing to meet critical student learning objectives. The timing of the pandemic meant that students, who were completing tooling split designs and starting computer numerical control programming, could not move forward with machining, assembly, and molding. Instead, their projects became virtual learning experiences. This paper provides the analysis and discussion of how new ideas in teaching were implemented to virtually introduce engineering students to the world of plastic manufacturing. The students' work was carried out on plastic part designs of their choice, some of which included thin walls (<2 mm) and microscale features (similar to 800 mu m) typical of a micro-injection molding process.
Variational theory for the resonant T-curvature equation

We study the resonant prescribed T-curvature problem on a compact 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary. We derive sharp energy and gradient estimates of the associated Euler-Lagrange functional to characterize the critical points at infinity of the associated variational problem under a non-degeneracy on a naturally associated Hamiltonian function. Using this, we derive a Morse type lemma around the critical points at infinity. Using the Morse lemma at infinity, we prove new existence results of Morse theoretical type. Combining the Morse lemma at infinity and the Liouville version of the Barycenter technique of Bahri-Coron[13] developed in [46], we prove new existence results under a topological hypothesis on the boundary of the underlying manifold, and the entry and exit sets at infinity.
Existing Schools of Thought on Triggers

When headache triggers are assessed, it is necessary to consider the context in which they are being measured, which is influenced by theories on the trigger-headache relationship. Throughout history, such theories have changed and evolved, often building upon elements of existing theories and advancing in relation to contemporary scientific knowledge. From the views of Hippocrates to the modern understanding of pathophysiology, schools of thought on headache triggers have varied greatly. This chapter details the many models of headache triggers and the ways in which these theories influence trigger assessment.
Do You See What I See?: Researcher-Participant Agreement on Single-Item Measures of Emotion Regulation Behaviors in Borderline Personality Disorder.

Researchers use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to study a range of behaviors related to psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether brief measures of coping behaviors accurately capture ...
Buffer and Salt Effects in Aqueous Host-Guest Systems: Screening, Competitive Binding, or Both?

There are many open questions regarding the supramolecular properties of ions in water, a fact that has ramifications within any field of study involving buffered solutions. Indeed, as Pielak has noted (Buffers, Especially the Good Kind, Biochemistry, 2021, in press. DOI:10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00200) buffers were conceived of with little regard to their supramolecular properties. But there is a difficulty here; the mathematical models supramolecular chemists use for affinity determinations do not account for screening. As a result, there is uncertainty as to the magnitude of any screening effect and how this compares to competitive salt/buffer binding. Here we use a tetra-cation cavitand to compare halide affinities obtained using a traditional unscreened model and a screened (Debye-Huckel) model. The rule of thumb that emerges is that if ionic strength is changed by >1 order of magnitude─either during a titration or if a comparison is sought between two different buffered solutions─screening should be considered. We also build a competitive mathematical model showing that binding attenuation in buffer is largely due to competitive binding to the host by said buffer. For the system at hand, we find that the effect of competition is approximately twice that of the effect of screening (∼RT at 25 °C). Thus, for strong binders it is less important to account for screening than it is to account for competitive complexation, but for weaker binders both effects should be considered. We anticipate these results will help supramolecular chemists unravel the properties of buffers and so help guide studies of biomacromolecules.
Particle advection performance over varied architectures and workloads

Particle advection is a foundational operation for many flow visualization techniques, including streamlines, Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) calculation, and stream surfaces. The workload for particle advection problems varies greatly, including significant variation in computational requirements. With this study, we consider the performance impacts from hardware architecture on this problem, studying distributed-memory systems with CPUs with varying amounts of cores per node, and with nodes with one to three GPUs. Our goal was to explore which architectures were best suited to which workloads, and why. While the results of this study will help inform visualization scientists which architectures they should use when solving certain flow visualization problems, it is also informative for the larger HPC community, since many simulation codes will soon incorporate visualization via in situ techniques.
Fluvastatin enhances IL-33-mediated cytokine production in mouse mast cells (HYP3P.410)

The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Fluvastatin is a commonly used treatment for hypercholesterolemia. This drug recently has been shown to have immunological suppressive effects. Interleukin 33 (IL-33), an alarmin, has been suggested to contribute to allergies and anaphylaxis by activating mast cells. Due to the suppressive functions of Fluvastatin, we investigated the role of Fluvastatin on interleukin IL-33-stimulated mast cell function. Unlike previous studies, we have found that Fluvastatin increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in IL-33 stimulated mast cells. Furthermore the increase in cytokine production appeared to be stem cell factor (SCF)-dependent, since in the absence of SCF, Fluvastatin decreased cytokine production. Investigating the role of Fluvastatin in IL-33-activated mast cells will reveal a better understanding of how innate immunity may be altered by a widely-prescribed class of medications.
KNOWING WHEN TO FOLD 'EM: AN ESSAY ON EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CEASEFIRE, COMPSTAT, AND EXILE*

Author(s): Richard A. Berk | Abstract: Professor Rosenfeld and his colleagues are to be congratulated for their courage. They have tackled a very controversial and visible set of issues addressed previously by a number of notable criminologists. They have also chosen to enter the debates with an analysis based solely on observational data. Observational data pose daunting problems when used to draw causal inferences. At a time when these problems have been thoroughly aired in the statistical literature (e.g., Freedman, 1985; 1987; 1991; Rubin, 1986; Rosenbaum, 2002; Berk, 2003) and candidly addressed by world-class econo- metricians (Manski, 1994; Heckman, 2000), the authors of this paper proceed nevertheless.One has to wonder, however, whether in this case discretion would have been the better part of valor. Some empirical problems are just too difficult because of the data likely to be available and the existing methods of analysis. Trying to tease out the impact of the crime control interventions addressed in this paper may be one example.Over the next several pages I will try to elaborate on this point. In so doing, I will touch briefly on several statistical concerns about the analyses reported, which may be useful to note, but are of secondary importance. The goal is to focus on some larger issues.Although the paper by Rosenfeld and his colleagues is lengthly and com- plicated, there are surely important details not included. Page constraints being what they are, there is always lots that goes unsaid. I am operating under the same constraints. I provide below a large number of references to help fill the gaps.
You Say Illegal, I Say Legal

Abstract Vietnam is estimated to have lost more than half of its forest cover in the past 50 years, with a number of contributing causes. The state nationalization of all forest resources during socialist rule from 1954 to the opening of the economy in the 1980s contributed significantly to illegal logging, as any locally-used forest was considered to be national property. During this period, there was a generalized ‘free-for-all’ on the forests, contributing to a massive breakdown of local tenure rules and resource allocation. Despite the dissolution of many of the state-owned logging reserves and distribution of this land to local communities, which began in the late 1980s, deforestation has continued. During the 1990s, an export ban on raw logs from Vietnam was enacted to halt the continued deforestation, with generally ineffective results. While the state continues to blame local people for illegal logging and attendant deforestation, this paper will show that perceived criminal and corrupt actions by...
Slotted, ALOHA-type monohop networks under dynamic jamming

The authors examine the throughput/delay performance of slotted ALOHA-type networks under dynamic jamming procedures. A Markovian decision model is formulated for the study of network's performance, and optimal (from the jammer's viewpoint) decision rules are found. Implementation and observability issues for the resulting Markov decision processes are discussed, and two different jamming procedures are considered: previous slot information and current slot information. The jamming is of the on-off type: a finite average jamming power constraint is imposed, and the decisions are taken on the basis of the number of simultaneous transmissions in either the previous or the current slot. Numerical results are used to compare the performance of the corresponding optimal jamming policies. >
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. CXLVIII - Electron impact induced fragmentations of some cyclic sulfites and carbonates.

Mass spectrometry of cyclic sulfites and carbonate esters, analyzing electron impact induced fragmentations and metastable ion characteristics based on deuterium labeling
Complications associated with skin graft vestibuloplasty: Experiences with 100 cases

The mandibular skin graft vestibuloplasty with lowering of the floor of the mouth is a relatively complex surgical procedure and can be accompanied by a large number of diverse complications. In our experience, these have ranged from minor inconveniences to a life-threatening emergency. Most could be easily prevented or simply managed. The complications encountered in a series of 100 consecutive skin graft vestibuloplasties are presented and discussed.
Federal Court Long Range Planning: Fine Lines and Tightropes

With her usual grace and insight, Dean Lauren Robel has illuminated some key issues at the heart of the federal courts' long range plan. As one of the nine members of the committee appointed by the Chief Justice to formulate the Plan,' I am grateful the Dean finds some commendable features in it. I am also grateful that she has engaged seriously with what she regards as defects in our work. I can assure you that neither our committee nor the Judicial Conference set out with the intention of drafting a controversial plan simply for controversy's sake. Our goal was to speak as clearly as we could through the Plan about emerging trends, particularly trends that, from our perspective, threaten to affect adversely the work of the courts. When sufficient consensus emerged in our committee to warrant recommending solutions to problems, we did not hesitate to express ourselves, hoping that the published Plan would at least stimulate a vigorous conversation about the status and preferred future of the courts. The Indiana Law Journal's initiative in providing a forum to address these issues as well as the wide array of other symposia, articles, and editorials responding to the Plan, fulfill this hope. 2 Dean Robel's critique has focused primarily on the Plan's discussions of judicial federalism. In a nutshell, it seems to me, there are two problems with her criticisms: first, her critique of the adequacy of the analysis and some of its conclusions; second, her questioning of the wisdom of thejudiciary's having spoken publicly about these matters at all. Dean Robel indicates that she cannot find a reason to conclude that the views of
Protein folding. Effect of packing density on chain conformation.

Abstract Recent lattice polymer simulations by Chan, Dill suggest that compactness may be a significant driving force in the formation of secondary structure. We have addressed the robustness of this conclusion for non-lattice polymers using a rotational isomeric model of proteins. Boundary conditions are used to enforce compactness and excluded volume effects are explicitly incorporated. As in the cubic lattice studies, compactness is seen to influence secondary structure content. This effect is modest for densities comparable to native proteins but dramatic for chains that are approximately 30% more dense than native proteins. α-Helical structure is common but β-sheet structure is rare. It appears that lattices impart to compact chains an organizational bias that favors β-sheet structure. The strengths and weakness of various simplified representations of polypeptide chains are also discussed.
Fas antigen expression on CD34+ human marrow cells is induced by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha and potentiates cytokine-mediated hematopoietic suppression in vitro

Activation of Fas antigen, a cell surface receptor molecule, by its ligand results in transduction of a signal for cell death. The Fas system has been implicated in target cell recognition, clonal development of immune effector cells, and termination of the cellular immune response. Fas antigen expression on lymphocytes is regulated by interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), cytokines that also have inhibitory effects on hematopoiesis. We investigated Fas antigen expression on human marrow cells and the effects of Fas activation on hematopoiesis in vitro. Freshly isolated immature hematopoietic cells, as defined by the CD34 marker, did not express Fas antigen at levels detectable by fluorescent staining. CD34+ cells, which include progenitors and stem cells, showed low levels of Fas expression in culture, even in the presence of growth factors. Stimulation by TNF alpha and IFN gamma markedly increased Fas antigen expression on CD34+ cells. Anti-Fas antibody, which mimics the action of the putative ligand, enhanced IFN gamma- and TNF alpha-mediated suppression of colony formation by bone marrow (BM) in a dose-dependent manner. This effect did not require the presence of accessory cells. Colony formation from mature (CD34+ CD38+) and immature (CD34+ CD38-) progenitor cells and long-term culture initiating cells were susceptible to the inhibitory action of anti-Fas antibody in the presence of IFN gamma and TNF alpha. Apoptosis assays performed on total BM cells and CD34+ cells showed that anti-Fas antibody induced programmed cell death of CD34+ BM cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)