cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axonal pathfinding mechanisms at the cortical midline and in the development of the corpus callosum

The corpus callosum is a large fiber tract that connects neurons in the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is associated with a large number of human syndromes but little is known about why ACC occurs. In most cases of ACC, callosal axons are able to grow toward the midline but are unable to cross it, continuing to grow into large swirls of axons known as Probst bundles. This phenotype suggests that in some cases ACC may be due to defects in axonal guidance at the midline. General guidance mechanisms that influence the development of axons include chemoattraction and chemorepulsion, presented by either membrane-bound or diffusible molecules. These molecules are not only expressed by the final target but by intermediate targets along the pathway, and by pioneering axons that act as guides for later arriving axons. Midline glial populations are important intermediate targets for commissural axons in the spinal cord and brain, including the corpus callosum. The role of midline glial populations and pioneering axons in the formation of the corpus callosum are discussed. Finally the differential guidance of the ipsilaterally projecting perforating pathway and the contralaterally projecting corpus callosum is addressed. Development of the corpus callosum involves the coordination of a number of different guidance mechanisms and the probable involvement of a large number of molecules.
Chronic Pain in Adolescence: Parental Responses, Adolescent Coping, and their Impact on Adolescent's Pain Behaviors

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine relations among parental responses, adolescent pain coping, and pain behaviors in adolescents with chronic pain. Methods This study included 217 adolescents (12–17 years) evaluated at a multidisciplinary pain clinic and their parents. Adolescents completed measures assessing their pain, pain coping responses, functional disability, and somatic symptoms. Parents reported on their responses to their adolescent’s pain. Results Passive and active coping interacted with parental protective behavior to predict adolescents’ pain behaviors. Contrary to expectations, among adolescents who reported infrequent use of passive or active coping strategies, higher levels of parental protective behavior were associated with higher levels of disability and somatic symptoms. Discussion Among adolescents who report infrequent use of passive and active coping responses, parental protective responses to pain may inadvertently promote greater disability and symptom complaints. Parental responses to pain may be an important target to treat adolescent chronic pain.
Pilot Phase IB Clinical Trial of an Alhydrogel-Adsorbed Recombinant Ricin Vaccine

There is no FDA-approved vaccine for the potent plant toxin ricin. We have developed a recombinant ricin vaccine, RiVax. Without adjuvant it is safe and immunogenic in mice, rabbits, and humans. Based on our studies in mice, we now report the results of a small clinical trial with Alhydrogel-adsorbed RiVax.
Reaction Kinetics of Porcelain Enamel-Metal Systems

The reaction kinetics of the elevated-temperature fusion reactions between various powdered metals and finely divided sodium borosilicate porcelain enamel frits were studied. The powdered metals employed were nickel, cobalt, iron, and magnesium; the metallic ions were copper, nickel, cobalt, and iron. These reaction studies were made as a function of time, temperature, and concentration of the metallic ion in the frit. Quantitative X-ray diffraction was used to determine the amount of metallic ion in each reaction which had been reduced to the metallic state by the added metal. Specific reaction rates were calculated, their temperature dependence was demonstrated by use of the Arrhenius equation, and activation energies were determined from the slope of these curves. The over-all results were in accordance with the general theory of chemical kinetics, with increases in time, temperature, and metallic-ion content resulting in increases in the amount of metallic ion reduced, except for those frits containing the iron ion, which, when coupled with cobalt or nickel metal, resulted in probable reduction of the iron ion to a lower valence, but not to the metallic state. Inversions in the order of magnitude of reaction rates for two different metals with the same metallic ion frequently occurred at certain times and temperatures. Reactions such as Fe + COO (NiO) = FeO + Co (Ni), which might take place at an enamel-metal interface, were strongly favored to the right and very little tendency existed for the reverse to occur.
Strategies for successful realization of strong confinement microphotonic devices.

Microphotonic devices employing strong confinement of light are of growing importance for key applications such as telecommunication and optical interconnects. They have unique and desirable characteristics but their extreme sensitivity to dimensional variations makes them difficult to successfully implement. Here, we discuss strategies towards the successful realization of strong confinement devices. We leverage what planar fabrication technology does best: replicating structures. Although the absolute dimensional control required for successful fabrication of many strong confinement devices is all but impossible to achieve, we show that surprisingly-high relative dimensional accuracy can be obtained on structures in proximity of one another on a wafer. This provides an advantage to schemes that are based on multiple copies of low-complexity structures. These copies can be made nearly identical or with precise relativedimensional offsets to achieve the desired function. We quantify the achievable relative dimensional control and discuss the first demonstration of multistage filters, integrated polarization diversity, and high-order microring-filter banks.
The Rabbit Mesotubarium Superius: Anatomical and Physiological Studies

Observations were made on the anatomical relationship between the mesotubarium superius and oviduct that might play a role in ovum transport. The general structure of the mesotubarium reported by others was confirmed. In addition, we found that the “latticelike” appearance previously described was due in part to four distinct arrangements of muscle fibers. The blood vessels to the mesotubarium were observed to originate from branches of ovarian and uterine arteries that supply the oviduct. Fluorescent histochemistry revealed an abundant adrenergic nerve supply to both blood vessels and smooth muscle in the mesotubarium. An occasional nerve cell body was found. Ganglion cells that did not react positively for norepinephrine or acetylcholinesterase were observed between the longitudinal peritoneal muscle and the circular muscle of the oviduct. Physiological studies indicated that the rate of mesotubarium contractions remains constant during the egg transport period and there is no correlation between contractions of the mesotubarium with intraluminal oviduct pressure. These observations indicate that the oviduct and mesotubarium function independently and that the mesotubarium is not involved in egg transport through the oviduct.
Device-agnostic Wi-Fi fingerprint positioning for consumer applications

There is a growing need to position wireless devices in the real world for applications such as navigation, emergency location services, and contextual advertisements. Though GPS and the cellular network provide viable outdoor accuracy, these approaches are unsuited for indoor positioning. We propose a high-accuracy Wi-Fi Fingerprint-based indoor positioning system ideal for consumer applications. This system can be implemented in any Wi-Fi-enabled environment without modifying the site. We propose several optimized distance metrics as well as two novel environment-based methods, a density penalty factor and a floor preprocessing technique, to improve the accuracy of the Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Our implementation requires only thirteen minutes of site-survey time per 100 square meters and has an average positioning accuracy of 2.66 meters, which is sufficient for most practical applications.
Formation and characterization of a novel 4-hydroxyestradiol-formamidopyrimidine adduct

4339 A major risk factor for breast cancer is the endogenous hormone, estrogen. Estrogen mediated carcinogenesis can involve its binding to estrogen receptors stimulating cell proliferation and its oxidative metabolism to catechols and then quinones which can form covalent adducts with DNA. Estrogen quinone-DNA adducts are also potential biomarkers for risk assessment of cancer development. The ability to quantitatively measure these adducts and assign a risk based on the levels of adducts could lead to earlier detection and possible prevention strategies. The estradiol (E2) quinone metabolites are electrophilic compounds that react with DNA to form both stable and depurinating adducts. The quinone derived from 4-hydroxyestradiol can react with DNA to form adenine and guanine adducts which depurinate from DNA. These initial N7-N9 doubly substituted E2 quinone-guanine adducts place a localized positive charge on the imidazole ring of the pyrimidine facilitating destabilization of the glycosidic bond resulting in depurination. Alternatively, the positive charge can also facilitate ring opening of the imidazole ring leading to a stable formamidopyrimidine (fapy) adduct. The in vitro half-life of the unstable 4-hydroxyestradiol-N7-deoxyguanosine (4-OHE2-N7-dG) adduct was reported to be 6.5 hrs which sufficient for fapy production. We conducted studies to determine if 4-OHE2-N7-dG is converted to its fapy derivative (4-OHE2-fapy-dG). Analysis by mass spectrometry revealed an m/z of 572.4 which corresponds to 4-OHE2-fapy-dG. Upon ms/ms analysis, an m/z of 455.2 was found corresponding to loss of the deoxyribose moiety. Additional analysis by ms3 revealed fragments with m/z 167.9 and 140.1 corresponding to fapyG and loss of CO from fapyG respectively. These data confirm formation of 4-OHE2-fapy-dG in reactions involving the nucleoside. Further studies to investigate the possible formation of this adduct in calf thymus DNA and DNA from cultured rat hepatocytes treated with E2 are underway to determine if there is any biological significance to this novel estrogen adduct derivative. Confirmation of the fapy estrogen adduct in a biological system will add another piece to the puzzle in the complex metabolic profile of estrogen. As mentioned, estrogen quinones can react with DNA to form depurinating adducts which are potential biomarkers for risk assessment since they are a direct measure of DNA damage. Efforts have focused on developing a method to quantitatively measure E2-guanine adducts in hepatocyte media from ACI and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. ACI rats are sensitive to estrogen induced tumors while SD rats are not. Expectations are the ACI rat hepatocytes will produce more estrogen-guanine adducts compared to the SD rat hepatocytes when treated with E2. These experiments will give insight as to whether or not E2-guanine adducts are biomarkers of estrogen induced tumorgenesis and ultimately carcinogenesis.
G2-structures and octonion bundles

Abstract We use a G 2 -structure on a 7-dimensional Riemannian manifold with a fixed metric to define an octonion bundle with a fiberwise non-associative product. We then define a metric-compatible octonionic covariant derivative on this bundle that is compatible with the octonion product. The torsion of the G 2 -structure is then shown to be an octonionic connection for this covariant derivative with curvature given by the component of the Riemann curvature that lies in the 7-dimensional representation of G 2 . We also interpret the choice of a particular G 2 -structure within the same metric class as a choice of gauge and show that under a change of this gauge, the torsion does transform as an octonion-valued connection 1-form. Finally, we also show an explicit relationship between the octonion bundle and the spinor bundle, define an octonionic Dirac operator and explore an energy functional for octonion sections. We then prove that critical points correspond to divergence-free torsion, which is shown to be an octonionic analog of the Coulomb gauge.
The investigation of co-infection in pediatric pneumonia with influenza virus B

Objective:To explore the co-infection of influenza virus B in pediatric pneumonia. Methods:Analysis was performed on the clinical data of IVB-infected pneumonia children who received therapy in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from December of 2011 to February of 2012 to summarize the co-infection rate of IVB, pathogen spectrum of co-infection and the effect of co-infection. Results: ⑴ The co-infection rate of IVB in pediatric pneumonia was 71.28%(67/94). ⑵The co-infection rate with another single pathogen was 70.15%(47/67); including co-infection rate with single bacterial pathogen which was 41.79%(28/67), co-infection rate with single viral pathogen which was 16.42%(11/67),and co-infection rate with single mycoplasma pneumoniae which was 11.94%(8/67). ⑶The rate of bacterial co-infection was 68.66%(46/67); the concrete bacteria pathogen spectrum was: Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP, 52.17%,24/46), Haemophilus influenzae(HI,17.39%,8/46), Moraxella catarrhal(MC,17.39%,8/46), Staphylococcus aureus(SA, 6.52%,3/46), Escherichia coil(E.coil,4.35%,2/46) and Joan's acinetobacter(2.17%,1/46). ⑷The rate of other virus coinfections were 29.85%(20/67), the concrete virus pathogen spectrum was: respiratory syncytial virus(RSV,80%,16/20), human boca virus(15%,3/20) and human metapneumovirus(5%,1/20).⑸The white cell counts of the co-infected IVB pneumonia group was significantly higher than that of the single IVB pneumonia group(P0.05). There was no statistical distinction between the two groups for other indicators such as inpatient days, days with fever, the proportion of neutrophil leucocyte, CRP, prealbumin(PA), AST, Cr, CKMB and ICU experience. The average age in the co-infection IVB pneumonia group was lower than that in the single IVB pneumonia group, and the underlying disease carrying rate of the co-infection IVB pneumonia group was higher than that of the single IVB pneumonia group; but there was no statistical distinction between the two groups in age and underlying disease carrying rate. ⑹No significant difference was found between the singleIVB pneumonia group and the co-infected IVB pneumonia group in cellular and humoral immunity indexes. Conclusions: The co-infection rate in pediatric pneumonia with IVB was high; single pathogen co-infection was dominant, with bacteria being in the majority, followed by other viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae; the rate of co-infected with bacteria was high, the prominent bacterial pathogen was SP, followed by HI and MC; the main virus pathogens were RSV and human boca virus. Maybe co- infection was suseptible to smaller age children and underlying disease carriers. Regardless of the existence of co-infection, pediatric pneumonia with IVB had a good prognosis.
Control of Estrus in Lactating Beef Cows with Prostaglandin F2α and Estradiol Benzoate1

SUMMARY The effects of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and of estradiol benzoate (E2B) on estrus and conception and on plasma LH, progesterone and estrogen concentrations were studied in 67 lactating beef cows. Prostaglandin F2a was infused into the uterus of lactating beef cows in two trials (1 mg in trial 1 and 2 mg in trial 2). Approximately half of the PGF2 a-treated cows received 400 /lg E2B intramuscularly 48 hr after the PGFz a treatment.
Effects of Preparatory Attention to Nonspatial Features in the Visual Cortex

Selective attention boosts neural responses to visual stimuli at attended locations or with attended features. Studies have also demonstrated attention-related changes in neural activity in regions coding the attended location or feature before the onset of visual stimuli. Several theories propose that these preparatory “baseline shifts” reflect top-down attentional biasing and may themselves modulate stimulus-driven neural responses. While location-specific preparatory activity is observed consistently for spatial attention, the evidence for analogous feature-specific activity during attention to nonspatial features is mixed. In this chapter, we review evidence for feature-specific preparatory attention effects in the sensory cortex and consider the factors that might influence whether they are observed.
The role of space charge in the theory of solid-dielectric breakdown

The first theory for low temperature electrical breakdown in solids was given by Zener[1] who calculated the field strength at which quantum mechanical tunneling from valence to conduction levels should become significantly large. This criterion for breakdown would clearly produce conditions leading to failure of insulating properties, but the critical fields calculated in this way are an order of magnitude larger than experimental breakdown strengths.
Communication strategies to ensure generic networked observability in multi-agent systems

In this paper, we consider the state estimation in linear dynamical systems when their observations are distributed over a network of agents. We provide a Networked Kalman Filtering (NKF) approach exploring both state and observation fusion. Assuming global observability, we study the structure of the agent communication network in order to stabilize the networked estimation error. In particular, we use structured systems theoretic methods to show that the underlying network may recover observability of locally unobservable agents when the system matrices have full structured rank. In this context, we provide strategies to design communication among the agents and study the effectiveness of these links towards networked observability.
Distribution of electron avalanches in SF 6

Electrical discharges in gases originate when conditions permit the development of ionization. Such ionization can occur in pressurized gases when electric fields cause free electrons to gain sufficient energy between impacts with gas molecules. The progressive development of field-driven ionization, the electron avalanche, increases or decreases along the path to the anode according to the field intensity.
Life-Cycle Analysis of Engineering Systems: Modeling Deterioration, Instantaneous Reliability, and Resilience

This chapter proposes a novel general stochastic formulation for the Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) of deteriorating engineering systems. The formulation rigorously formalizes the different aspects of the life-cycle of engineering systems. To capture the probabilistic nature of the proposed formulation, it is named Stochastic Life-Cycle Analysis (SLCA). The life-cycle of an engineering system is shaped by deterioration processes and repair/recovery processes, both characterized by several sources of uncertainty. The deterioration might be due to exposure to environmental conditions and to both routine and extreme loading. The repair and recovery strategies are typically implemented to restore or enhance the safety and functionality of the engineering system. In the SLCA, state-dependent stochastic models are proposed to capture the impact of deterioration processes and repair/recovery strategies on the engineering systems in terms of performance measures like instantaneous reliability and resilience. The formulation integrates the state-dependent stochastic models with the previously developed Renewal Theory-based Life-Cycle Analysis (RTLCA) to efficiently evaluate additional system performance measures such as availability, operation cost, and benefits. The proposed SLCA can be used for the optimization of the initial design and mitigation strategies of engineering systems accounting for their life-cycle performance. As an illustration, the proposed SLCA is used to model the life-cycle of a reinforced concrete bridge, subject to deteriorations caused by corrosion and earthquake excitations. The deteriorated bridge column is repaired using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. The results show that the deterioration processes significantly affect the performance measures of the example bridge.
Graphic Methods Used in Presenting Agricultural Economics Information

In applying the graphic method to agricultural statistics the statistician or economist should have a sound appreciation of its possibilities and know where it can be used to the greatest advantage in each case. He should recognize its possibilities as a method of analysis. Graphic methods can be a statistical tool of greatest value when every graphic presentation is designed to perform some definite service. The dominating claim for the use of illustrations is to instruct and influence. Some charts and maps, as is well known, are either poorly constructed or, in rare instances, are deliberately made to deceive. They are not dealt with, here. Many common mistakes are made in statistical presentation. Three that are most generally made and are especially important to avoid are:
Community, Engagement, and Democracy: Re-envisioning Public Relations and Public Interest Communications through Civic Professionalism

This paper explores how public relations and public information communication can rise above an era of fake news and alternative facts. The author investigates how public relations and public interest communications fit with the concept of civic professionalism as a way of building community and engagement. Civic professionalism is a framework that incorporates the values of education with civic inquiry, reflection, and practical work. Thoughts for how public relations may shape and contribute to public interest communications by promoting dialogue in support of democracy to keep social trust and civic bonds intact are also examined.
Mental Models and Implementing New Faculty Roles.

The nature of the faculty has changed dramatically over the last forty years; and today’s faculty model no longer meets the needs of students, faculty, or institutions. However, the issue of redefining faculty roles is extremely contentious. In this article we report our examination of open-ended, qualitative data from a larger survey study of stakeholders’ beliefs and opinions about new faculty models. We found that different groups, such as non-tenure-track and tenured faculty, deans, and provosts, have constructed very different mental models around the challenges to implementing new faculty roles and that they offered different solutions for moving forward.
A hierarchical non-intrusive algorithm for the generalized finite element method

An algorithm for non-intrusively coupling a commercial finite element software with a research code implementing a hierarchical enrichment of finite element spaces is presented. Examples of hierarchical methods supported by the algorithm are the Generalized or eXtended FEM (GFEM), the scale-bridging GFEM with numerically defined enrichment functions (GFEM $$^\text {gl}$$ gl ), and the p-version of the FEM. The proposed hierarchical non-intrusive algorithm (HNA) combines the vast library of classical elements available in commercial FEM platforms with the ability of the GFEM $$^\text {gl}$$ gl to analyze localized phenomena like cracks and spot welds, on coarse meshes. The algorithm does not require iterations between the standard and Generalized FEM platforms and is simple to implement. Examples showing the application of the HNA to the coupling of Abaqus with a 3-D GFEM $$^\text {gl}$$ gl software are presented. They also demonstrate the benefits of combining finite elements available only in a commercial platform with a GFEM.
An approach for foliar trait retrieval from airborne imaging spectroscopy of tropical forests.

Spatial information on forest functional composition is needed to inform management and conservation efforts, yet this information is lacking, particularly in tropical regions. Canopy foliar traits underpin the functional biodiversity of forests, and have been shown to be remotely measurable using airborne 350–2510 nm imaging spectrometers. We used newly acquired imaging spectroscopy data constrained with concurrent light detection and ranging (LiDAR) measurements from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO), and field measurements, to test the performance of the Spectranomics approach for foliar trait retrieval. The method was previously developed in Neotropical forests, and was tested here in the humid tropical forests of Malaysian Borneo. Multiple foliar chemical traits, as well as leaf mass per area (LMA), were estimated with demonstrable precision and accuracy. The results were similar to those observed for Neotropical forests, suggesting a more general use of the Spectranomics approach for mapping canopy traits in tropical forests. Future mapping studies using this approach can advance scientific investigations and applications based on imaging spectroscopy.
Political Deliberation, Interest Conflict, and the Common Knowledge Effect

Deliberation depends on the ability of deliberators to learn from each other through the exchange of information. However, the Common Knowledge Effect (CKE) finding, a well-established phenomenon affecting small-group discussion, shows that when people talk in groups they tend to ignore novel information and instead discuss commonly known information; things that everyone knew before discussion started. Some theorists have worried that the CKE makes small group discussion - one of the most common features of recent democratic innovations - a poor tool for making deliberative democracy a reality. However, most research on the CKE is limited to situations where group members share a common goal or interest, while political deliberation generally happens in situations where citizens have at least some conflicting interests. This paper looks for evidence of the CKE in two group-discussion experiments where subjects had partially conflicting interests, ultimately finding find no evidence of this effect. Scholars of deliberation frequently view conflicting interests as an obstacle to the success of deliberation; this result suggests that conflicting interests may, in fact, enhance deliberation by reducing the overreliance on commonly-known information.
Indirect Giving to Nonprofit Organizations: An Emerging Model of Student Philanthropy

Student philanthropy is an experiential learning approach that provides students with the opportunity to study social problems and nonprofit organizations, and then make decisions about investing funds in them. The limited literature on student philanthropy has focused on the original model, called “direct giving,” which provides students with funds to make small grants to nonprofit organizations. But the literature has not addressed an emerging model, called “indirect giving,” which partners a class with a corporation or foundation, and has students evaluate “real” grant proposals and make funding recommendations. This article examines the impact of an indirect-giving program on MPA students at Northern Kentucky University (NKU). A majority of students indicated that the program helped them to become more aware of social problems (64.8%) and nonprofit organizations (77.8%), learn the curriculum (75.7%), apply the course principles (75.7%), and gain academic skills or knowledge (62.1%). The article also d...
A radical design course: leveraging APIs for creativity and innovation in software

Software design is becoming increasingly complex; yet great opportunity now exists with the proliferation of powerful APIs and other design toolkits. Here we describe an approach to software development that combines formal creativity methods with deliberative use of published APIs towards the development of a "micro-API"---a highly focused interface to a "radical product." We have developed our ideas in the context of a graduate seminar course. This paper presents the ideas we pursued---including a discussion of creativity in software design, and distinctions among API, language, and application framework---and results of student work.
Interactions between inorganic phosphate and energy metabolism in renal cortical tubules.

Inorganic phosphate interacts with essentially all major metabolic pathways, primarily through the phosphorylation of intermediates via ATP or other nucleotides. In this regard, oxidative phosphorylation has an absolute requirement for inorganic phosphate (1) but it is not certain whether phosphate under certain conditions may regulate or control mitochondrial respiration. It is generally believed that mitochondrial respiration is determined by the extramitochondrial concentration ratio of [ADP]/[ATP]. On the other hand, Wilson et al (2) have advanced the concept that mitochondrial respiration may be governed by the extramitochondrial activities of inorganic phosphate as well as ADP and ATP. It is clear that inorganic phosphate is important for mitochondrial anion transport processes that facilitate the transfer of reducing equivalents between cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments (3). In view of these considerations, we performed a series of studies that examine the interactions between phosphate and respiration in renal cortical tubules.
Pharmacology—Neurophysiology of Lithium

Trace amounts of the cation, lithium, are normally present in the human body. As such, lithium is a very different kind of agent than most other psychoactive substances that are used therapeutically. The matter of how this simple inorganic ion can exert profound effects upon the CNS and somehow dampen the cycles of mental disturbance in patients with manic-depressive disease presents a fascinating area for neurophysiological research. Although considerable work on this subject has already been accomplished, much more remains to be performed.
Recent Literature on Bryophytes—111(4)

Afonina, 0. M. & V. Ya. Cherdantseva. 2007. Stereodon calcicola (Pylasiaceae, Musci), a new species for the moss flora of Russia. Botaniceskij Zhurnal (St. Petersburg) 92: 1760-1763. [In Russian with English summary. New: Stereodon calcicola (Ando) comb. nov.] Ahmadi, S. H., S. Shirazadian, A. Tavasoli & U. Arvan. 2003. [Abstract] Three new records for the moss flora of Iran. Page 84. In Celebrating 150 Years of Plant Research in Australia. Conference Abstract Book. National Herbarium of Victoria, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. [Grimmia elatior, G. elongata and G. hartmanii reported.] Akiyama, H. 2008. National bryophyte heritage sites in Japan. Oninokawara air hole, the front approach and precinct of Ruri-ji temple, Mt. Funakoshi. Bryological Research 9: 275-276. [In Japanese.] Albertos, B., R. Garilleti, V. Mazimpaka & F. Lara. 2008. Reevaluation of Orthotrichum rhytiore (Orthotrichaceae). The Bryologist 111: 323-327. [New: Ulota rhytiore (B. H. Allen) comb. nov.] Alboresi, A., S. Caffarri, F. Nogue, R. Bassi & T. Morosinotto. 2007. [Abstract] From green algae to higher plants: the photosynthetic antenna system of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Page 36. In Jeong Sheop Shin & M. Hasebe (organizers), Moss 2007: The Annual International Conference for Moss Experimental Research, August 2nd August 5th , 2007, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. Aleffi, M. 2008. Biologia ed Ecologia delle Briofite, xii + 434. Antonio Delfino Editore, Rome, Italy, [A bryophyte textbook, with the various chapters by various authors, q.v.] . 2008. Caratteristiche generali e sistematiche delle Bryophyta (muschi). Pages 1-31. In M. Aleffi, Biologia ed Ecologia delle Briofite. Antonio Delfino Editore, Rome, Italy. . 2008. Strategie di vita e di diffusione delle specie. Pages 67-104. In M. Aleffi, Biologia ed Ecologia delle Briofite. Antonio Delfino Editore, Rome, Italy. Anterola, A. & E. Shanle. 2008. Review article: Genomic insights in moss gibberellin biosynthesis. The Bryologist 111: 218-230. E Antonin, V., B. Gruna, Z. Hradilek, A. Vagner & A. Vezda. 2000. Houby, Lisejniky a Mechorosty Narodniho Parku Podyji, 220. Masarykova Univerzita * Brh, Brno, Czech Republic. [In Czech and German; on m4crofungi, lichens and bryophytes of a Czech national parks bryophytes by Z. Hradilek on pp. 161-206.] Aoyama, T., Y. Hiwatashi, M. Shigyo, M. Ito & M. Hasebe. 2007. [Abstract] Physcomitrella patens AINTEGUMENTA/ PLETHORA BABY BOOM/orthologs are involved in stem cell characterization. Page 20. In Jeong Sheop Shin & M. Hasebe (organizers), Moss 2007: The Annual International Conference for Moss Experimental Research, August 2nd August 5th, 2007, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Effect of Unilateral Cornual Insemination upon Fertilization Rate in Superovulating and Single-Ovulating Cattle

In Exp. 1, 21 first-service cattle and seven repeat-breeder cattle, averaging 4.7 infertile services, were brought into estrus and superovulated by treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone and prostaglandin F2 alpha. At insemination, semen was deposited in the greater curvature of one uterine horn, about midway between the utero-cervical junction and the utero-tubal junction. Cattle were necropsied 2 to 7 d after estrus and ova were recovered and examined. The fertilization rate for first-service cows was 74% of 362 intact ova and for repeat-breeders, 43% of 128 intact ova (P less than .001). Fertilization rate in first-service cows was 81% on the side of semen deposition and 68% on the opposite side (P less than .01); the rates in repeat-breeders were 54% and 32% (P less than .025). Differences between sides were due mostly to four cows that averaged 93% fertilization on the side of semen deposition and 19% on the opposite side. The proportion of fertilized ova with accessory sperm (17%) did not differ between sides of the reproductive tract. In Exp. 2, 60 first-service and 32 repeat-breeder cows in natural estrus had semen deposited in the uterine body or in the greater curvature of one uterine horn, either on the side of impending ovulation or on the opposite side. At necropsy, 55 ova were recovered from first-service cows, of which 42 (76%) were intact and 13 (24%) were ruptured or fragmented. Of the 42 intact ova, 41 (98%) were cleaved. From the 32 repeat-breeders, 30 ova were recovered, of which 26 (87%) were intact and 4 (13%) were ruptured; 23 of the 26 intact ova (88%) were cleaved. Site of semen deposition had no significant effect on either fertilization rate or number of accessory sperm in either type of cow. First-service cows averaged more accessory sperm (40) than did repeat-breeders (19, P less than .01). Overall results indicated that sperm deposited deep in one uterine horn fertilized ova nearly as frequently in the opposite oviduct as in the adjacent oviduct except in 14% of superovulating cattle.
Solution NMR: A powerful tool for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins in reconstituted environments

A third of the genes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes encode membrane proteins that are either essential for signal transduction and solute transport or function as scaffold structures. Unlike many of their soluble counterparts, the overall structural and functional organization of membrane proteins is sparingly understood. Recent advances in X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are closing this gap by enabling an in-depth view of these ever-elusive proteins at atomic resolution. Despite substantial technological advancements, however, the overall proportion of membrane protein entries in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) remains
Threatening Illegals: Sovereignty, Vulnerability and Resentment

This paper analyzes the ways in which illegals simultaneously function as threatening and vulnerable others. Both positionings work to reinforce sovereignty (of the nation and of the citizen) as ideal-type and, I argue, undermine a more productive approach that sees the limits of sovereignty and acknowledges the possibility of mutual care. While the embodied vulnerability of citizens is often masked by the domestic labor provided by illegals, the vulnerability of undocumented workers - to poverty, under-education, violence and state coercion is translated not into a call for the extension of care or relationships of mutual care but rather into a call to close borders to prevent a parasitic relationship of the illegal upon the legal (taxpaying) citizen. Configuring this relationship as a parasitic one works again to shore up the sovereign citizen as a starting point. Status as illegal is the gift that keeps on giving but its recipient is always the citizen. I conclude the paper by arguing that contemporary immigration policy and the public debate surrounding it shore up a model of sovereignty that undermines the possibility of mutual care not just as a feature of immigrant-citizen relations but as a possibility for politics more generally.
Rankin-Cohen brackets of eigenforms and modular forms

Abstract We use Maeda's Conjecture to prove that the Rankin-Cohen bracket of an eigenform and any modular form is only an eigenform when forced to be because of the dimensions of the underlying spaces. This occurs, for example, when the Rankin-Cohen bracket covers the entirety of S n . We further determine when the Rankin-Cohen bracket of an eigenform and modular form is not forced to produce an eigenform and when it is determined by the injectivity of the operator itself. This can also be interpreted as using the Rankin-Cohen bracket operator of eigenforms to create evidence for Maeda's Conjecture.
Development of a Mobile Application to Enhance Knowledge, Awareness and Communication of Dry Mouth Amongst Dental Practitioners and Patients: A South Texas Oral Health Network Study

Background Dry mouth, also commonly known as "xerostomia", is a prominent symptom that is often overlooked by dental practitioners and patients. The purpose of this study was to pilot the development of a mobile application for assessing dry mouth symptoms. The application will allow patients to self-assess and enhance knowledge, awareness and communication with dental practitioners in their management of dry mouth. Method The first phase of the study was to draw on common knowledge and awareness by conducting two focus groups of dental professionals and community members on content, practicality, functionality, design, and effectiveness. The second phase of the study was the development of the dry mouth mobile application followed by the third phase of the study that consisted of face-validity interviews to obtain feedback on the application. Results Fifty two percent (n=15) of the dental professionals estimated being aware of the prevalence of dry mouth in 40% or more of their patients. Thirty Nine percent of (n=9) community estimated being aware of the prevalence of dry mouth in 40% or more of the community. When asked about their awareness of the etiologies of dry mouth, 100% (n=29) of dental professionals reported that multiple medications and smoking were primary factors whereas the community members indicated that illness and dehydration (87%, n=20) were primary factors in dry mouth. Dental professional's (25% n=7) were very confident in recognizing symptoms and 28% (n=8) were very confident they knew how to manage dry mouth symptoms. Furthermore, 22% (n=5) of the community members were also very confident about recognizing dry mouth symptoms and 13% (n=3) were very confident knowing how managing it. The ToP report generated from the discussions identified "themes" that were utilized in the development of the mobile application. Most individuals who participated in the validity interviews agreed that the dry mouth mobile application was useful, appealing, easy to use and the self-assessment test gave clear and concise information. The application was made available to download from the iTunes Appstore (2019-2020). Conclusion The dry mouth pilot study indicated that the mobile application was beneficial for self-assessment and easy to use. Development of advanced technology tools such as the dry mouth application can promote communication between patients and their dental practitioners to discuss management options for dry mouth.
Enhancement of Colonic Carcinogenesis by Dietary Fat: Role of Essential, Oxidized, Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids

The major factor affecting the development of intestinal carcinogenesis in both animals and man appears to be environmental in origin. Clearly, the major environmental factor affecting the colon is the diet and the most important tumor enhancing component of the diet appears to be the type and level of fat (1). There have been numerous studies investigating the relationship between the risk of colon tumor formation and the fat content of the diet. A majority, but certainly not all, studies in animals have suggested that animals consuming high levels of dietary fat develop more tumors than animals consuming lower levels of fat. More recently it has been shown that the particular fatty acid content of the dietary fat is often as important as the total amount of fat (2). The present paper will examine a few selected mechanisms by which dietary fat could enhance intestinal tumorigenesis.
Rejuvenation techniques for mortar containing photocatalytic TiO2 material

Abstract Mortar panels with embedded titanium dioxide particles were prepared to measure their photocatalytic efficiency for reducing nitrogen oxides pollutants from the air. The panels were tested in the as-cast condition and showed substantial NOx mitigating properties. The panels were then weathered by exposing them to summer poor air quality conditions for 120 days in two different locations within the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. After weathering the samples, they presented depleted photocatalytic properties. Rejuvenation techniques including hand sanding, walnut shell media blasting, and etching with muriatic acid were investigated. The rejuvenation techniques showed varying levels of effectiveness in returning the panels to mitigate low air quality.
Recommendations from the Council of Residency Directors (CORD) Social Media Committee on the Role of Social Media in Residency Education and Strategies on Implementation

Social media (SM) is a form of electronic communication through which users create online communities and interactive platforms to exchange information, ideas, messages, podcasts, videos, and other user-generated content. Emergency medicine (EM) has embraced the healthcare applications of SM at a rapid pace and continues to explore the potential benefit for education. Free Open Access Meducation has emerged from the ever-expanding collection of SM interactions and now represents a virtual platform for sharing educational media. This guidance document constitutes an expert consensus opinion for best practices in the use of SM in EM residency education. The goals are the following: 1) Recommend adoption of SM as a valuable graduate medical education (GME) tool, 2) Provide advocacy and support for SM as a GME tool, and 3) Recommend best practices of educational deliverables using SM. These guidelines are intended for EM educators and residency programs for the development and use of a program-specific SM presence for residency education, taking into account appropriate SM stewardship that adheres to institution-specific guidelines, content management, Accreditation Council for GME milestone requirements, and integration of SM in EM residency curriculum to enhance the learner’s experience. Additionally, potential obstacles to the uptake of SM as an educational modality are discussed with proposed solutions.
Measuring Bystander Behavior in the Context of Sexual Violence Prevention Lessons Learned and New Directions

Bystander intervention is receiving increased attention as a potential sexual violence prevention strategy, especially to address campus sexual assault. Rather than focusing on potential perpetrators or victims, the bystander approach engages all members of a community to take action. A growing body of evaluative work demonstrates that bystander intervention education programs yield increased positive attitudes and behaviors related to sexual violence and greater willingness to intervene in pro-social ways. Future program outcome studies, however, would benefit from more refined measures of bystander action as it is a key variable that prevention education programs attempt to influence. The purpose of the current article is to present key issues, identified by four different research teams, on the measurement of bystander behavior related to sexual violence in the context of college campuses. Comparisons among the methods are made to suggest both lessons learned and new directions for bystander behavior measurement using self-report surveys in program evaluation.
Synchrotron X-Ray Techniques in Soil, Plant, and Environmental Research

Publisher Summary New generations of synchrotrons designed exclusively as X-ray sources have followed, and these powerful sources of X-rays have become important to a wide variety of scientific disciplines. The past five years have seen a growing number of applications of synchrotron-based techniques to problems in the soil and environmental sciences. Synchtron-based techniques have applications in many other areas of agricultural research as well. The chapter highlights some of the major applications in soil, plant, and environmental research. Many of these applications represent the first use of synchrotron-based techniques in particular agricultural disciplines. The chapter describes the ways in which synchrotrons work, describe the properties of synchrotron radiation, and explain the terminology associated with synchrotron-based research. Synchrotrons vary in their capabilities, so a general understanding of their differences will allow, in a general sense, to assess the suitability of a particular synchrotron for a specific experiment. Synchrotron light is extremely intense is emitted over a wide range of energies, is highly collimated and highly polarized, and has a pulsed time structure. The chapter reviews the applications of synchrotron-based techniques to soil, plant, and environmental research and suggests possible future applications. Some techniques are well established and widely used, e.g., X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the X-ray microprobe. Other techniques, such as Mossbauer and infrared spectroscopies, are still being developed and there is little or no literature on direct applications to soil, plant, or environmental research.
Control of pulse width modulated resonant DC link inverter

Control techniques for synthesis of AC waveforms using pulse-width-modulated resonant DC link inverters are presented. The performance characteristics achieved with the use of pulse width modulation as opposed to discrete pulse modulation in resonant DC link inverters with respect to waveform spectrum, component stresses, and control complexity are discussed. The use of a hybrid modulation strategy in order to maximize the performance is examined. Detailed control strategies backed up by experimental results from a passively clamped resonant DC link inverter are presented. >
The Electrochemical Splitting of Water

The electrochemical production of hydrogen as an energy medium is becoming economically feasible. The technology is established; it is clean and requires no extra separation or purification of products; it generates suitable pressures for storage and can be used in a modular mode.
Heart rate variability study in ambulatory stroke survivors

To compare the parasympathetic activity of stroke survivors with that of normal subjects, power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was performed on 6 pairs of age and gender matched stroke survivors and normal subjects. Four minutes of EKG data were collected from the subjects during sitting, supine, paced breathing and exercising using a Holter monitor. For each subject, parasympathetic activity was measured by calculating the area under the peak at the respiration frequency (0.15 to 0.4 Hz) in the power spectrum of the HRV. The power spectral analysis of HRV from the stroke survivors revealed significantly less parasympathetic activity than in normal subjects.
Antigenic analysis of cells and tissues: differentiation between human cell culture strains.

Antigenic Analysis of Cells and Tissues: Differentiation Between Human Cell Culture Strains