cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of Enterococciurinary tract infections in 148 children and analysis of drug resistance

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features of Enterococcus urinary tract infections in children and to explore the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens so as to guide the clinical medication.METHODS The clinical data of 148 hospitalized patients with Enterococcus urinary tract infections in the hospital was analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The main species of Enterococcus were E.faecium and E.faecalis,both of which had relatively high resistance to antimicrobial drugs.E.faecium had higher resistance rates than E.faecalis.There were 68(79.1%) strains of penicillin-resistant E.feces isolated;there were 4(4.7%) strains of nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates,4(4.7%) strains of vancomycin-resistant isolates,and 2(2.23%) strains of linezolid-resistant isolates;the detection rate of the multidrug-resistant strains was 85.7%;there were 10(16.7%) strains of penicillin-resistant E.faecalis isolated;there were 1(1.7%) strain of nitrofurantoin-resistant isolate and 1(1.7%) strain of linezolid-resistant isolate;there were no strains of vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis isolated;the detection rate of the multidrug-resistant E.faecalis was 67.2%.The main predisposing factors included the nosocomial infections,young children,kidney disease and excessive use of antibiotics and immunodepressant.CONCLUSION Enterococci are the common clinical isolates of pathogens causing urinary tract infections,there are no typical clinical manifestations.The vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and linezolid-resistant Enterococci are increased,and the strains are highly multidrug-resistant.
Racial justice activist hashtags: Counterpublics and discourse circulation:

Using critical discourse analysis and network analysis, I address how racial justice activist hashtags #NotYourAsianSideKick and #SolidarityisforWhiteWomen circulate discourse across networked online publics within and outside Twitter. These hashtags showcase relationships between feminist online publics, demonstrate ways that hashtags circulate racial justice discourse, and exemplify the fluidity and intersectionality of racialized and feminist online publics. I draw on critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA) (Brock, 2012) as my technique in order to examine the hashtag’s discursivity. In order to analyze message spread and network relationships, I then provide a network analysis that illustrates message circulation in online feminist spheres.
Scale-Free Networks, Hyperbolic Geometry, and Efficient Algorithms (Invited Talk)

The node degrees of large real-world networks often follow a power-law distribution. Such scale-free networks can be social networks, internet topologies, the web graph, power grids, or many other networks from literally hundreds of domains. The talk will introduce several mathematical models of scale-free networks (e.g. preferential attachment graphs, Chung-Lu graphs, hyperbolic random graphs) and analyze some of their properties (e.g. diameter, average distance, clustering). We then present several algorithms and distributed processes on and for these network models (e.g. rumor spreading, load balancing, de-anonymization, embedding) and discuss a number of open problems. The talk assumes no prior knowledge about scale-free networks, distributed computing or hyperbolic geometry.
Roddy Doyle’s The Barrytown Trilogy and Filming Ireland’s “New Picture”

Roddy Doyle’s The Barrytown Trilogy opens the form of the novel to include multiple references to film, music and other forms of entertainment alongside literary references in order to break down the “wall between popular and high art,” and uses these cultural products to resist singular interpretative frameworks for self, communal or national representation. Doyle’s increasing involvement in the adaptation of his novels for television and film was motivated in part by his critique of Alan Parker’s reliance on religious imagery as a dominant reference point in the film adaptation of The Commitments. Through the use of music, television and film, Doyle’s characters repeatedly resist their representation by an internal and singular Irish cultural framework, instead selectively employing popular culture as a potentially creative vehicle for self-definition, communication and communal formation. The visual adaptations of Doyle’s novels emphasize and extend the multimedia worlds inhabited by his characters, in which they create meaning from and through their encounters with the popular. Letter to Brezhnev (1985), the Waltons, the West Indian folk song “The Sloop John B” and performances of a karaoke version of Madonna’s “Papa Don’t Preach” and scenes from the films Red River (1948) and Cocktail (1988) enable communication among Doyle’s characters and allow a “new picture” of Ireland to emerge in which characters not only consume multimedia popular culture but actively produce meaning and construct self-representation through ongoing negotiations with popular forms. The novels and their film adaptations force a conception of Ireland as open to the outside influence, even as The Van registers the limits of that openness to the realm of the cultural.
Deleuze and the grandeur of Palestine: Song of Earth and Resistance

The article re-examines the Deleuzian concept of cartography and opens on the question of that race a fortiori minor called to philosophy and the constitution of an earth. Who are these people? Who are these people who, according to Deleuze, are missing? What is their name and what is their territory? The problem of minorities, “of the missing people”, analysed by Deleuze through Kafka finds a resonance and a quite particular affinity – and in this way a designation and a name – through the struggle of the Palestinian people; deterritorialized, “inferior, dominated, always becoming”. Deleuze’s pro-Palestinian engagement in no way manifests a rupture between philosophy and politics, but establishes itself as the essential correlate of a philosophically dynamic, creative and resistant reflection whose tenor has been constantly written into the realm of politics. After nearly 30 years, Deleuze’s pro-Palestinian positions are today the object of severe criticism, if not a cabal, launched by Eric Marty and Rog...
How to Avoid Complications/Treatment of Endoscopic Complications

Complications of colonoscopy can be divided into three main categories: bleeding, perforation, and postpolypectomy syndrome. Several techniques can be undertaken to decrease the likelihood of complications such as diligent use of electrocautery, avoidance of blind pushing while performing colonoscopy, and deceasing looping. When complications do occur, management varies from conservative to minimally invasive techniques to operative exploration with stoma. As surgery becomes less invasive so too has the management of complications with control of bleeding and repair of perforation becoming less invasive with time. Management algorithms for bleeding and perforation secondary to diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy are presented with this chapter.
Weaving Diversity and Inclusion into CS Content (Abstract Only)

Introductory CS courses often present computational concepts in a multitude of varied contexts. The contents of these examples and assignments present an untapped opportunity to reach out to under-represented minorities. For CS in particular, the ubiquity of technology in modern society makes it imperative that students consider how seemingly innocuous technical decisions could selectively disadvantage particular populations. If the entirety of the CS community - from K-12 to industry - is to be inclusive, we must train students to be aware of these issues from their first CS course. This BOF aims to foster discussion of how examples and assignments can illustrate CS concepts and simultaneously acknowledge the challenges that under-represented students may be facing. At least three such avenues are possible: 1) Choosing multi-cultural contexts for homework questions and in-class examples; 2) Assigning projects with socioeconomic implications, such as the Schelling Segregation Model (a 2014 Nifty Assignment); and 3) Showing how inclusion is easily subverted by majority-Caucasian data sets or "purely technical" decisions such as representing gender with a Boolean. The long-term goal is to establish a network of instructors interested in contributing assignments and activities, and to create a resource suitable for broader dissemination in the future.
Management of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

The gold standard of treatment for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) remains VKAs (goal INR 2.0–3.0). The gold standard for monitoring of patients with APS remains INR testing, although chromogenic Factor Xa assays may be considered for certain individuals.
Effects of a Dashboard for an Intelligent Tutoring System on Teacher Knowledge, Lesson Plans and Class Sessions

Even though Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have been shown to help students learn, little research has investigated how a dashboard could help teachers help their students. In this paper, we explore how a dashboard prototype designed for an ITS affects teachers’ knowledge about their students, their classroom lesson plans and class sessions. We conducted a quasi-experimental classroom study with 5 middle school teachers and 8 classes. We found that the dashboard influences what teachers know about their students, which in turn influences the lesson plans they prepare, which then guides what teachers cover in a class session. We believe this is the first study that explores how a dashboard for an ITS affects teacher’s knowledge, decision-making and actions in the classroom.
MELTING ALONG THE HUGONIOTS OF KBr AND CsBr: OPTICAL PYROMETRY–RAREFACTION OVERTAKE EXPERIMENTS

Detailed temperature-pressure information has been obtained for two alkali bromides, KBr and CsBr, by use of a multichannel optical detection technique that combines measurement of temperature along with the velocity of the leading rarefaction wave in the shocked material. Single crystals were shocked over a range of pressure spanning the melting transition and beyond, to 170 GPa. The light intensity vs. time records give a continuous look at temperature vs. pressure as the shock Hugoniot pressure is continually lowered by the overtaking rarefaction wave front. The data give temperature vs. time, and calculation with a 1-D hydrodynamics code gives the corresponding pressure vs. time. The resultant temperature vs. pressure curves define the shock Hugoniot in this space and provide a detailed picture of the mixed-phase region.
Introduction to 3D Graphics and Games

This chapter will introduce some of the 3D graphics capabilities of LibGDX. Along the way, you’ll learn about the concepts and classes necessary to describe and render a three-dimensional scene. To simplify and streamline this process, you’ll both adapt some old classes and write some new classes to accomplish the various tasks involved. Next, to understand 3D movement, you’ll create a simple interactive demo that enables players to control both an object within the scene and the camera viewing the scene. Finally, you’ll create the game Starfish Collector 3D, shown in Figure 16-1, which once again features a turtle on a quest to collect all the starfish that it can. For simplicity, this game will actually use 2.5D techniques: the game will render three-dimensional graphics, while the underlying gameplay (movement and collisions) will occur in two dimensions.
Industrial Operations Research

(1975). Industrial Operations Research. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 154-155.
Persistent Adult Neuroimmune Activation and Loss of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Following Adolescent Ethanol Exposure: Blockade by Exercise and the Anti-inflammatory Drug Indomethacin

Alcohol abuse and binge drinking are common during adolescence, a developmental period characterized by heightened neuroplasticity. Animal studies reveal that adolescent ethanol exposure decreases hippocampal neurogenesis that persists into adulthood, but the mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Using a rodent model of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2-days on/2-days off from postnatal day [P]25 to P55), we tested the hypothesis that AIE-induced upregulation of neuroimmune signaling contributes to the loss of hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood. We found that AIE caused upregulation of multiple proinflammatory Toll-like receptors (TLRs), increased expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pNF-κB p65) and the cell death marker cleaved caspase 3, and reduced markers of neurogenesis in the adult (P80) hippocampus, which is consistent with persistently increased neuroimmune signaling reducing neurogenesis. We observed a similar increase of pNF-κB p65-immunoreactive cells in the post-mortem human alcoholic hippocampus, an effect that was negatively correlated with age of drinking onset. Voluntary wheel running from P24 to P80 prevented the AIE-induced loss of neurogenesis markers (i.e., nestin and doublecortin) in the adult hippocampus that was paralleled by blockade of increased expression of the cell death marker cleaved caspase 3. Wheel running also prevented the AIE-induced increase of hippocampal pNF-κB p65 and induction of neuroimmune NF-κB target genes, including TNFα and IκBα in the adult brain. Administration of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin during AIE prevented the loss of neurogenesis markers (i.e., nestin and doublecortin) and the concomitant increase of cleaved caspase 3, an effect that was accompanied by blockade of the increase of pNF-κB p65. Similarly, administration of the proinflammatory TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide resulted in a loss of doublecortin that was paralleled by increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 and pNF-κB p65 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of CON animals that mimicked the AIE-induced loss of neurogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that exercise and anti-inflammatory drugs protect against adolescent binge ethanol-induced brain neuroimmune signaling and the loss of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus.
Asymptotic scaling laws and semi-similarity solutions for a finite-source spherical blast wave

A spherical blast wave generated by a sudden release of a sphere of compressed gas is an important model problem to understand blast phenomena such as volcanic eruptions and explosive detonations. The resulting explosion flow physics, such as the instability at the gas contact discontinuity and the interaction between the shock wave and the gas contact, are dictated by the initial pressure and sound-speed ratios between the compressed gas and the ambience. Since the initial pressure and sound-speed ratios vary over a wide range in practical applications, it is of interest to investigate the scaling laws and similarity solutions for the spherical symmetric explosion flow. In the present study, numerical simulation of a spherical blast wave is performed. A long-term length scale that incorporates the initial charge radius and the initial pressure ratio is introduced. The trajectories of the main shock normalized by the long-term length scale for a wide range of parameters collapse after a short transition time, indicating an asymptotic similarity solution exists for the far field in the long term. With the assistance of this similarity solution, the full evolution of the main shock can be obtained semi-analytically. For near-field features, i.e. the gas contact and the secondary shock wave, only semi-similarity solutions are observed, which depend on the initial sound-speed ratio but not the initial pressure ratio. The gas contact and the secondary shock share the same scaling relations. Asymptotic analysis is performed to obtain the short-term dynamics of the gas contact, including the gas contact acceleration and the Atwood number, which are the key parameters determining the Rayleigh–Taylor instability development at the gas contact. The asymptotic contact radius as is also obtained, which is found to be well represented by the long-term length scale and thus only depends on the initial pressure ratio. A simple model of an oscillating bubble is employed to explain the scaling relation of the asymptotic gas contact radius.
Predicting computer performance dynamics

Traditional approaches to the design and analysis of computer systems employ linear, stochastic mathematics--techniques that are becoming increasingly inadequate as computer architects push the design envelope. To work effectively with these complex engineered systems, one needs models that correctly capture their dynamics, which are deterministic and highly nonlinear. This is important not only for analysis, but also for design. Even an approximate forecast of the state variables of a running computer could be very useful in tailoring system resources on the fly to the dynamics of a computing application-- powering down unused cores, for instance, or adapting cache configuration to memory usage patterns. This paper proposes a novel prediction strategy that uses nonlinear time-series methods to forecast processor load and cache performance, and evaluates its performance on a set of simple C programs running on an Intel Core2® Duo.
Recurrence-Time Moments in Random Walks

Consider an irreducible time-homogeneous Markov chain with discrete time. The recurrence-time moments of the states of such stochastic processes are studied. We point out that if the recurrence time of one state has its first k moments finite, then the recurrence times of all the other states have their first k moments finite. We then specialize and investigate the recurrence-time moments of random walks. The main result of the paper consists of exhibiting random walks whose first k — 1 recurrence-time moments exist and whose higher moments are infinite, for k - 1, 2, …. A comparison theorem is derived that permits the moment properties of recurrence times of a large class of random walks to be determined.
Longitudinal and personalized networks of eating disorder cognitions and behaviors: Targets for precision intervention a proof of concept study

INTRODUCTION Despite the high mortality and significant societal and personal costs associated with eating disorders (EDs) there are few evidence-based treatments. Part of the difficulty developing and implementing evidence-based treatments in EDs is due to the extremely high heterogeneity (e.g., variability in treatment outcome, symptom presentation etc) present. METHODS To begin to identify specific symptom heterogeneity within persons, the current study used novel within and between group and intra-individual network analyses to create longitudinal and within-person networks of ED cognitions and behaviors (N = 66 individuals diagnosed with an ED). This article provides a proof of concept study for how to use between and within-person network analyses both for the EDs and other forms of psychopathology. RESULTS We found that cognitions focused on desiring thinness played a likely maintaining role in ED pathology, across network type and across time. Furthermore, we showed that three individuals with the same diagnosis (anorexia nervosa) differed in which symptoms maintained the disorder. We use these participants to exemplify how to use intra-individual network analysis to personalize treatment focused on the primary maintaining symptoms. Finally, we found that amount of time (e.g., 4 hr vs. simultaneously) impacts how symptoms maintain each other. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for the development of novel personalized evidence-based treatments for EDs, as well as implications for how the field understands how psychopathology maintains itself. These data represent a first-step towards using intra-individual network analyses in the ED field, as well as for hypotheses generation in future research.
Antecedents of recalls prevention: analysis and synthesis of research on product recalls

ABSTRACTThere is sufficient research on product recalls remedy, but not enough on recalls prevention. Not surprisingly, the shortage of research on recalls prevention coincided with the preponderan...
Byzantine Consensus under Local Broadcast Model: Tight Sufficient Condition.

In this work we consider Byzantine Consensus on undirected communication graphs under the local broadcast model. In the classical point-to-point communication model the messages exchanged between two nodes $u, v$ on an edge $uv$ of $G$ are private. This allows a faulty node to send conflicting information to its different neighbours, a property called equivocation. In contrast, in the local broadcast communication model considered here, a message sent by node $u$ is received identically by all of its neighbours. This restriction to broadcast messages provides non-equivocation even for faulty nodes. In prior results [10, 11] it was shown that in the local broadcast model the communication graph must be $(\lfloor 3f/2 \rfloor +1)$-connected and have degree at least $2f$ to achieve Byzantine Consensus. In this work we show that this network condition is tight.
Relationships Between Attributes of Woody Breast and White Striping Myopathies in Commercially Processed Broiler Breast Meat

SUMMARY The relationship between woody breast (WB) and white striping (WS) myopathies were investigated in breast fillets collected from commercial slaughter facilities that process large broilers. For the population of samples collected in this study, 94.2% of all WB fillets also exhibited WS. Of the fillets that did not exhibit WB, 54.0% exhibited WS. Of the fillets that exhibited severe WB, 27.9% had severe WS, 50.9% had moderate WS, and 21.2% had mild or no WS. Approximately 82.8% of all WS fillets also exhibited WB. Of the fillets that did not exhibit WS, 26.0% exhibited WB. Among fillets that exhibited severe WS, 40.7% had severe WB, 46.0% had moderate WB, and 13.3% had mild or no WB. The strength of the relationship between WS and WB scores decreased as average fillet weight increased. In addition to overall WB and WS scores, a subset of fillets was also evaluated for specific attributes of muscle hardness, rigidity, out-bulging shape, and the occurrence of petechial hemorrhages on the skin-side surface of the fillets. Muscle hardness, rigidity, and out-bulging shape were highly correlated to WB scores but their relationships with WS were much weaker. There was a statistically positive, but relatively weak, correlation between the occurrence of petechial hemorrhages and the WB and WS myopathies. With regards to developing WB sorting criteria and methodologies, tactile traits have a greater potential for accurately indicating the presence and severity of the WB myopathy in broiler breast meat than visually-assessed traits such as WS.
3D printing of hybrid MoS2-graphene aerogels as highly porous electrode materials for sodium ion battery anodes

Abstract This study reports a 3D freeze-printing method that integrates inkjet printing and freeze casting to control both the microstructure and macroporosity via formation of ice microcrystals during printing. A viscous aqueous ink consisting of a molecular MoS2 precursor (ammonium thiomolybdate) mixed with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets is used in the printing process. Post-treatments by freeze-drying and reductive thermal annealing convert the printed intermediate mixture into a hybrid structure consisting of MoS2 nanoparticles anchored on the surface of 2D rGO nanosheets in a macroporous framework, which is fully characterized with FESEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TGA. The resulting hybrid MoS2-rGO aerogels are studied as anodes for sodium ion batteries. They present a high initial specific capacity over 429 mAh/g at C/3.3 rate in the potential range of 2.5–0.10 V (vs Na+/Na). The process involves both reversible 2 Na+ insertion and slow irreversible conversion of MoS2 to metallic Mo. At higher rates, the conversion reaction is suppressed and the electrode is dominated by fast Na+ intercalation with good stability. This demonstrates that the 3D printing technology can be used as a processing technique to control the materials properties for energy storage.
Accuracy of Current Techniques for Placement of Pedicle Screws in the Spine: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 51,161 Screws

Background Pedicle screws (PSs) are routinely used for stabilization to enhance fusion in a variety of spinal diseases. Although the accuracy of different PS placement methods has been previously reported, most of these studies have been limited to 1 or 2 techniques. The purpose was to determine the current accuracy of PS placement among 4 modalities of PS insertion (freehand [FH], fluoroscopy-assisted [FA], computed tomography navigation–guided [CTNav], and robot-assisted [RA]) and analyze variables associated with screw misplacement. Methods A systematic review was performed of peer-reviewed articles reporting PS accuracy of 1 technique from January 1990 to June 2018. Accuracy of PS placement, PS insertion technique, and pedicle breach (PB) data were collected. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall pooled (OP) rates of PS accuracy as a primary outcome, stratified by screw insertion techniques. Potential determinants were analyzed via meta-regression analyses. Results Seventy-eight studies with 7858 patients, 51,161 PSs, and 3614 cortical PBs were included. CTNav showed the highest PS placement accuracy compared with other techniques: OP accuracy rates were 95.5%, 93.1%, 91.5%, and 90.5%, via CTNav, FH, FA, and RA techniques, respectively. RA and CTNav were associated with the highest PS accuracy in the thoracic spine, compared with FH. Conclusions The OP data show that CTNav has the highest PS accuracy rates. Thoracic PSs were associated with lower accuracy rates; however, RA showed fewer breaches in the thoracic spine compared with FH and FA. Given the heterogeneity among studies, further standardized and comparative investigations are required to confirm our findings.
Beloved of the Sky: Essays and Photographs on Clearcutting

Review: Beloved of the Sky: Essays and Photographs on Clearcutting Edited by John Ellison Reviewed by Marcia Ostrowski University of Missouri-Rolla BELOVED OF THE SKY: ESSAYS AND PHOTOGRAPHS ON CLEARCUTTING. John Ellison, editor. Seattle: Broken Moon Press, 1993. 262 pp. US $14.95 paper ISBN: 0-913089-38-9. It will take about 200 years for the next generation of trees to produce as much wood as the ancient forests have already produced. Do we have 200 years to wait? What can be done in the meantime to satisfy the loggers, the Forestry Department, the government, and the environmentalists? These and other questions are raised and explored in BELOVED OF THE SKY's 20 essays. The reader is taken to forests in the Northwest, Hawaii, British Columbia, the Grand Canyon, and other areas where clearcutting has taken place. Time is running out for the remaining old-growth forests in North America. Estimates vary on the amount of time left; by most accounts, it is twenty years or less. As the amount of time diminishes, questions increase about the practice of clearcutting. This book is an attempt to raise the consciousness of the reader about clearcutting. To that end, its collection of personal essays and photographs contributed by Edward Abbey, Catherine Caufield, Gary Snyder, and others vividly recounts the destruction of our forests. The essays do not point blame in one specific direction, for as Richard Nelson states There is no refuge in blaming only loggers or their industry or the government... the entire society... holds responsibility for laying this valley bare (250). Those who read BELOVED OF THE SKY will come away with a heightened understanding and conviction that we all need to take an active part in managing our forests. Highly recommended for public, high school, and academic libraries. Marcia Ostrowski is the Library Instruction Coordinator and a Reference Librarian at the Curtis Laws Wilson Library at the University of Missouri-Rolla in Rolla, Missouri, USA.
Immunohistochemical expression of oestrogen receptor in normal breast tissue

The human breast undergoes profound changes during the menstrual cycle. The development of monocloiial antibodies to oestrogen-receptors (ER) allows study of receptor content and distribution in individual components of breast tissue. Forty-one specimens from premenopausal patients who underwent bilateral mastectomy for benign conditions were evaluated. The patients were categorised into early follicular, late follicular, early luteal, late luteal, and menstrual phases. An HSCORE, a semiquantitative evaluation of the intensity and distribution of receptor antigen localisation, was evaluated for the ductal and lobular epithelia as a tissue mean HSCORE. ER localised to the nuclei of the epithelium and was not observed in stromal elements. Receptor concentration was greater for ER in the follicular phase but this finding was not as striking as differences between lobules in a single breast and even between breasts. This heterogeneous expression between lobules was in contrast to the relatively uniform expression of receptor within a lobule of a given specimen.
Familism and the Hispanic Health Advantage: The Role of Immigrant Status:

It is well known that Hispanic immigrants exhibit better physical and mental health than their U.S.-born counterparts. Scholars theorize that stronger orientations toward the family, also known as familism, could contribute to this immigrant advantage. Yet, little work directly tests whether familial attitudes may be responsible for the favorable health of foreign-born Hispanics. We investigate this possibility using biomarkers, anthropometrics, and mental health assessments from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 4,078). Results demonstrate that the relationship between familial attitudes and health vary depending on the outcome assessed. While Hispanics with strong attitudes toward familial support have fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, those who report high referent familism display worse mental health outcomes. We find little evidence that familism is linked to physical health or that immigrant generation moderates the relationship of interest. Our results challenge assumptions that familism is responsible for the comparably better health of foreign-born Hispanics.
Hyperbolic Metamaterial as a Tunable Near-Field Spatial Filter to Implement Active Plasmon-Injection Loss Compensation

Metamaterials composed of carefully designed ``meta-atoms'' enable nearly arbitrary control of waves, but, particularly for electromagnetic waves at optical wavelengths, losses due to unwanted scattering and absorption within the meta-atoms can spoil performance. Compensation of losses in optical metamaterials and their devices is critical for broader impact in the field. This study describes a physical implementation of plasmon-injection loss compensation in the presence of noise, as an ideal means to overcome the limitations of conventional optical gain media. The most immediate implications of these results are for enhanced superresolution imaging and photolithography.
Regulation of dual oxidase hydrogen peroxide synthesis results in an epithelial respiratory burst

Redox status is a central determinant of cellular activities and redox imbalance is correlated with numerous diseases. NADPH oxidase activity results in formation of H2O2, that, in turn, sets cellular redox status, a key regulator of cellular homeostasis and responses to external stimuli. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism regulates cell redox status by driving changes in protein cysteine oxidation often via cycling of thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin and glutathione; however, regulation of enzymes controlling synthesis and utilization of H2O2 is not understood beyond broad outlines. The data presented here show that calcium-stimulated epithelial Duox H2O2 synthesis is transient, independent of intracellular calcium renormalization, H2O2 scavenging by antioxidant enzymes, or substrate depletion. The data support existence of a separate mechanism that restricts epithelial H2O2 synthesis to a burst and prevents harmful changes in redox tone following continuous stimulation. Elucidation of this H2O2 synthesis tempering mechanism is key to understanding cellular redox regulation and control of downstream effectors, and this observation provides a starting point for investigation of the mechanism that controls H2O2-mediated increases in redox tone.
Feasibility of physical and occupational therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection

Rationale:Early mobilization and physical rehabilitation improve functional outcomes and are essential to high quality critical care. Despite its importance, it is common for rehabilitation to be deferred in the critically ill due to a variety of barriers, including infection with SARS-CoV-2. We present a single academic center's experience providing physical and occupational therapy to critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods:All patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated illness admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from March 1st to July 31st, 2020 were identified in this retrospective chart review. Patients who received at least one therapy treatment session were included in the study. Results:Three-hundred and seventy-nine physical and occupational therapy sessions were conducted with 116 patients. The majority (85%) of patients were admitted to the ICU for hypoxemic respiratory failure. The median number of treatment sessions during ICU admission per patient was 2, (IQR: 1-4). The median time from ICU admission to first PT session was 4 days (IQR, 3-5). The median percentage of ICU days with physical and occupational therapy treatment was 33% (IQR, 21-50). The median session length was 25 minutes (IQR, 25-30min). Sitting was achieved in 353 sessions, (93%) standing was achieved in 261 sessions (69%), walking was achieved in 185 sessions (48%), and sitting in the bedside chair 118 times (31%).Patients with respiratory failure completed therapy sessions while receiving mechanical ventilation (21% of sessions), high flow nasal cannula (45% of sessions), non-invasive positive pressure ventilation by helmet and facemask (7% of sessions), and ECMO (12% of sessions). Patients requiring vasoactive medications (4%) and continuous renal replacement therapy (6%) were also treated by physical and occupational therapy. Delirium, determined by confusion assessment method (CAM-ICU), was frequently encountered by the physical and occupational therapy teams and was not an absolute barrier (32%) (Table 1). Discharge destinations included: home (n=57, 61%), acute rehabilitation units (n=16, 17%), long term acute care hospitals (n=9, 10%), sub-acute care centers (n=8, 8%), and skilled nursing facilities (n=4, 4%). No members of the therapy team were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Conclusions:This report demonstrates the feasibility of conducting physical and occupational therapy in COVID-19 specific ICUs. Providing therapy services appeared to be safe for patients and members of the therapy team, as adverse events were rare and no therapist was diagnosed with COVID-19.
Enrichment dynamics for advanced reactor HALEU support

Transitioning to High Assay Low Enriched Uranium-fueled reactors will alter the material requirements of the current nuclear fuel cycle, in terms of the mass of enriched uranium and Separative Work Unit capacity. This work simulates multiple fuel cycle scenarios using Cyclus to compare how the type of the advanced reactor deployed and the energy growth demand affect the material requirements of the transition to High Assay Low Enriched Uranium-fueled reactors. Fuel cycle scenarios considered include the current fleet of Light Water Reactors in the U.S. as well as a no-growth and a 1% growth transition to either the Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation Micro Modular Reactor or the X-energy Xe-100 reactor from the current fleet of U.S. Light Water Reactors. This work explored parameters of interest including the number of advanced reactors deployed, the mass of enriched uranium sent to the reactors, and the Separative Work Unit capacity required to enrich natural uranium for the reactors. Deploying Micro Modular Reactors requires a higher average mass and Separative Work Unit capacity than deploying Xe-100 reactors, and a lower enriched uranium mass and a higher Separative Work Unity capacity than required to fuel Light Water Reactors before the transition. Fueling Xe-100 reactors requires less enriched uranium and Separative Work Unit capacity than fueling Light Water Reactors before the transition.
TESTING DISAGGREGATE TRAVEL DEMAND MODELS BY COMPARING PREDICTED AND OBSERVED MARKET SHARES

An intuitively appealing and popular method for testing a disaggregate choice model of travel demand, such as a logit model, consists of comparing the model's predictions of the market shares of travel alternatives in population groups with observations of these shares. Excessively large differences between the predicted and observed shares indicate that the model being tested is incorrect. In current practice, the decision whether differences between predictions and observations are large is made judgmentally, thereby raising the possibility that a correct or approximately correct model will be rejected because of the effects of random sampling errors. A statistical test is described that enables one to distinguish between the effects of random sampling errors and those of true model errors when predicted and observed market shares are compared. Five easily programmable steps for implementing the test are given, and commercially available software that can help with the computations is identified. A numerical example of the application of the test is presented, and the role of the test in practical model development is discussed
The anodic dissolution of thin films of copper metal from pyrolytic graphite : A study of the multiple dissolution current peaks

Abstract The anodic stripping curves of electrodeposited thin films of copper have been investigated. Three distinct current peaks were observed. The more negative peak corresponded to copper macrolayers (copper on copper); the smaller peaks, found at more positive potentials were interpreted as mono-layer peaks which indicates that the copper interaction with pyrolytic graphite is greater than that of the copper-copper interaction. A method for preparing the monolayer films is described. Electronmicroprobe studies of the copper monolayer films indicated that the copper is uniformly distributed on the surface. These studies also showed that the macro layers started to grow at specific surface sites.
Lear Reassembled in a Rust Belt City: Playing with Intercultural Insights

The essay describes the author’s attempt to apply insights from a Fulbright teaching experience in Semey, Kazakhstan to a Shakespeare classroom in the rust-belt city of Flint, Michigan. Returning to a monolingual classroom in the U.S., the author sought to import the anthropological component of foreign teaching, in which students are guides to culture and the classroom is a space of intercultural exchange, by using a strategy that worked overseas: designing a class around a major collaborative project. The task of adapting Romeo and Juliet to contemporary Kazakhstani culture inspired the decision to use Shakespeare’s play, King Lear , as a bridge between the lives of commuter students who are fearful of Flint and the people they pretend not to see—the homeless, the schizophrenics, and drug addicts. Any collaboration (home or abroad) must draw on student strengths, and, as a result, the author’s pedagogical projects exposed the strengths and weaknesses of post-Soviet collectivism and American identity politics. While the bulk of the essay examines the way the students and teacher together explored and revised their views of a defamiliarized city, its people, and one another, the author also reflects on the greater difficulties of being a teacher-anthropologist in one’s home culture. Teachers who have unpacked their bookbags in foreign classroom have, by necessity, found ways to bridge the gap between books and world, and they bring home important paradigms and a sense of urgency to live what they teach.
Hydrogen-bonding studies—VII. Near infrared spectroscopic studies of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of phenol, p-cresol and p-chlorophenol

The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of phenol, p-cresol and p-chlorophenol has been studied by measuring the variation with temperature of the molar extinction coefficients of the first overtone of the free O-H stretching vibration in the near infrared. The dimer is the predominant form for phenols in dilute carbon tetrachloride solution at room temperature. Polymeric forms arise only at phenol concentrations above about 0·2 M at 30°C. The enthalpies of cyclic dirner formation are; p-chlorophenol, 3·78 (±0·20); phenol, 5·12 (±0·10); and p-cresol, 6-09 (±0·18) kcalmole dimer. The pKa25° values for the same phenols are 9·39, 10·0 and 10·17, respectively. Thus the heat of dimerization decreases as acid strength increases among the three phenols.
Do Public Goods Explain the Relationship between Income Inequality and Birthweight

That income and socioeconomic status (SES) enter the child health production function and offer protective benefits to health is fairly well established in the economics literature. What has been debated is whether income inequality, or the dispersion of income in a society has a detrimental effect on health outcomes. This paper examines the relationship between income inequality at the state and county levels and infant health, and delves into one causal pathway through which inequality may operate upon health. The so-called "neo-materialist" relationship between inequality and health argues that the impact of income inequality operates upon health mainly because inequality affects the distribution of resources. The detrimental effect of inequality is thus posited to be detrimental to health through reduced provision of public goods. This paper addresses the question: Does the provision of public goods such as education and health care explain the relationship between income inequality and birthweight? In order to answer this question I estimate three sets of regressions. The first estimates the relationship between income inequality and public goods. The second set of regressions tests the magnitude of the relationship between child health and public goods such as the supply of hospitals and hospital beds, and government expenditures on health and education. The final set of regressions examines whether the inclusion of public goods as explanatory variables changes the income inequality effect on birthweight. Individual data is taken from 1991 and 2001 Natality Detail Files, while data for inequality measures and community characteristics are obtained from the decennial Censuses. Information on public goods and services are obtained from a variety of sources including the Annual Survey of Government Finances and the Area Resource File. I find that public goods are positively correlated with birthweight; and contrary to expectation, results suggest that income inequality is associated with higher public goods. Moreover, the inclusion of public goods measures as controls strengthens the relationship between income inequality and birthweight. To the extent that income inequality causally increases public goods, public goods potentially dampen the negative effect of income inequality on birthweight. Studies that do not take into account the public goods affect may underestimate the negative effect of inequality on birthweight.
Mercapturic Acids Derived from the Toxicants Acrolein and Crotonaldehyde in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers from Five Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer.

The Multiethnic Cohort epidemiology study has clearly demonstrated that, compared to Whites and for the same number of cigarettes smoked, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a higher risk for lung cancer whereas Latinos and Japanese Americans have a lower risk. Acrolein and crotonaldehyde are two important constituents of cigarette smoke which have well documented toxic effects and could play a role in lung cancer etiology. Their urinary metabolites 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA) and 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA), respectively, are validated biomarkers of acrolein and crotonaldehyde exposure. We quantified levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA in the urine of more than 2200 smokers from these five ethnic groups, and also carried out a genome wide association study using blood samples from these subjects. After adjusting for age, sex, creatinine, and total nicotine equivalents, geometric mean levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA were significantly different in the five groups (P<0.0001). Native Hawaiians had the highest and Latinos the lowest geometric mean levels of both 3-HPMA and HMPMA. Levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA were 3787 and 2759 pmol/ml urine, respectively, in Native Hawaiians and 1720 and 2210 pmol/ml urine in Latinos. These results suggest that acrolein and crotonaldehyde may be involved in lung cancer etiology, and that their divergent levels may partially explain the differing risks of Native Hawaiian and Latino smokers. No strong signals were associated with 3-HPMA in the genome wide association study, suggesting that formation of the glutathione conjugate of acrolein is mainly non-enzymatic, while the top significant association with HMPMA was located on chromosome 12 near the TBX3 gene, but its relationship to HMPMA excretion is not clear.
Localization of small heat shock proteins to the higher plant endomembrane system

Abstract Three related gene families of low-molecular-weight (LMW) heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been characterized in plants. We describe a fourth LMW HSP family, represented by PsHSP22.7 from Pisum sativum and GmHSP22.0 from Glycine max, and demonstrate that this family of proteins is endomembrane localized. PsHSP22.7 and GmHSP22.0 are 76.7% identical at the amino acid level. Both proteins have amino-terminal signal peptides and carboxyl-terminal sequences characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signals. The two proteins closely resemble class I cytoplasmic LMW HSPs, suggesting that they evolved from the cytoplasmic proteins through the addition of the signal peptide and ER retention motif. The endomembrane localization of these proteins was confirmed by cell fractionation. The polypeptide product of PsHSP22.7 mRNA was processed to a smaller-M(r) form by canine pancreatic microsomes; in vivo, GmHSP22.0 polysomal mRNA was found to be predominantly membrane bound. In vitro-processed PsHSP22.7 corresponded in mass and pI to one of two proteins detected in ER fractions from heat-stressed plants by using anti-PsHSP22.7 antibodies. Like other LMW HSPs, PsHSP22.7 was observed in higher-molecular-weight structures with apparent masses of between 80 and 240 kDa. The results reported here indicate that members of this new class of LMW HSPs are most likely resident ER proteins and may be similar in function to related LMW HSPs in the cytoplasm. Along with the HSP90 and HSP70 classes of HSPs, this is the third category of HSPs localized to the ER.