cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-duration energy storage: A blueprint for research and innovation

Download : Download high-res image (263KB) Download : Download full-size image Jesse D. Jenkins is an assistant professor at Princeton University in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment. He is a macro-scale energy systems engineer with a focus on the rapidly evolving electricity sector and leads the Princeton ZERO Lab, which focuses on improving and applying optimization-based energy systems models to evaluate low-carbon energy technologies and generate insights to guide policy and planning decisions. Jesse earned a PhD and SM from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was previously a postdoctoral environmental fellow at Harvard University. Download : Download high-res image (303KB) Download : Download full-size image Nestor A. Sepulveda is a management consultant working in corporate strategy, technology development, decarbonization, sustainable investing, and advanced analytics. Nestor earned a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developing methodologies that combine operations research and analytics to guide the energy transition and cleantech development. He received a SM in technology and policy working on energy policy and economics and a SM in nuclear science and engineering, both from MIT. Nestor is a former Naval Officer who served for more than 10 years in the Chilean Navy.
School support, chaos, routines, and parents' mental health during COVID-19 remote schooling.

Remote schooling due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) created profound challenges for families. In this investigation, we examined parents' depression and anxiety during remote schooling and their associations with parents' reports of school support. We also evaluated indirect and interactive (i.e., moderation) associations. Participants were parents (N = 152, 92.8% mothers, 65.1% Black) from an urban area with high rates of COVID-19. Of the 152 parents, 27.6% reported elevated levels of depression and 34.2% reported elevated anxiety. Regression analyses showed that school support was negatively associated with parents' depression (β = -.33, p < .01) and anxiety (β = -.21, p < .01). There was an indirect association between school support and parents' mental health via household chaos and daily routines. Reported COVID-19 impact moderated the direct association between school support and parental depression and anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between school support and parents' depression and anxiety when COVID-19 impact was low or moderate, but not when COVID-19 impact was high. These results may suggest that for parents who were not highly impacted by the pandemic, school support buffered the association between stress and parents' mental health problems; parents most impacted by COVID-19 may need additional support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Atmospheric Evolution and UV-B Radiation

The evolutionary role of ozone has potentially significant implications for the evaluation of the sensitivity of present ecosystems to ultraviolet radiation changes. The literature on the evolution of atmospheric oxygen and ozone is reviewed indicating that current understanding has the oxygen content of the atmosphere near zero until about 2 x 109 years ago when it rose rapidly to a significant fraction of its current value. Two qualitatively different results appear in the literature for the variation of ozone as 02 increases; (1) a constant rise from smaller values to a maximum at the present amount and (2) a peak at.1 times the present 02 level followed by a gradual decrease until the present level is reached. This discrepancy now seems to be resolved in favor of (1).
Trends in Doctoral Education Among Healthcare Professions: An Integrative Research Review

Context: Evidence suggests widespread adoption of the entry-level doctorate among health professions, although little is known about how these changes have impacted associated professions and influenced education, collaborative practice, professional advancement, or professional salaries. Objective: Threefold: (1) What doctoral education models are currently utilized among health care professional education programs in the United States? (2) How do entry-level clinical doctorates in health care professions impact research training and productivity? (3) How do clinical doctorates among health professions influence practice opportunities and salary? Design: Data were extracted from various sources including professional organizations, accrediting body Web sites, and the US Department of Labor database. Full-text articles published in English between the years 2001–2011 were extracted from a search of 38 databases in the University of Washington libraries. The remaining article abstracts were reviewed for co...
A Comment on Dean Clark

Dean Clark's wideranging article' takes as its point of departure a problem in corporate lawor more precisely, in corporate law scholarship--but this problem is for him simply an occasion to discuss a broader set of questions concerning the nature and comparative advantages of three different sorts of norms, norms that in Dean Clark's view play a legitimate role in law, and in many other areas of social life as well. His article is thus not centrally about corporate law, or even the law in general. Its real subject is an even wider one: the normative ordering of human conduct in all its different facets. It is clear that Dean Clark's main interest is in this larger topic, and I shall treat his article as an invitation to offer some similarly broad comments of my
The Transient Neutral Flux in Plasma: An Explanation of Heating for the Solar Corona?

In this short note, we discuss a mechanism for the transport of energy, momentum and dipole moment via transient neutral carriers in plasma. This gives a way to rapidly convert bulk hydrodynamic flow energy into thermal energy over a distance of several mean free paths. In the transition region of the solar corona we estimate various processes and their potential to introduce the high energies needed to to reach the 2 × 10 6 K observed there. It implies that kinetic methods may be essential for modeling the corona and that there are more gentle but still robust means than reconnection to relax magnetic fields in plasmas. The temperature of the solar corona is an enduring puzzle of plasma physics. The photosphere is a mere 6000K. This rises through the chromosophere to near 20,000K then undergoes a dramatic increase to 2x10 6 K at the corona [1]. This seems completely at odds with thermodynamic models where monotonic cooling is expected as one gets further from the source of thermal energy. There are numerous attempts to explain the dramatically high temperatures in the solar corona [2]. It is not our purpose to review the literature here or propose an elaborate model. We only intend a note that discusses some of underlying assumptions on the local continuum mechanical treatments of plasmas. In the course of this, we will give some suggestive justification for strong heating at the hydrodynamic-collisionless transition due to transient neutral bound pairs and propose origins of sources and sinks of magnetic flux in place of the usual models of reconnection. The Vlasov-Maxwell equations are modifications of the Boltzmann kinetic equations to describe plasmas and their interaction with electromagnetic fields. Since they are kinetic equations they do not explicitly assume thermodynamic equilibrium or smooth data. However, they do have some implicit assumptions that limit their applicability for the case of long range neutral fluxes. They have the form
DEFINITION OF THE STIMULATORY RESPONSE OF ISOLATED HUMAN UTERINE TISSUES. THE EFFECT OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT, VASOPRESSIN, AND OXYTOCIN ON PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT HUMAN MYOMETRIAL SAMPLINGS IN VITRO.

effects of test stimuli upon isolated human myometrial samplings is dependent upon the ability of this study method to appraise correctly the direct, local response of uterine tissues to the stimulus applied. It has been shown that adequate oxygenation of the muscle strip, control of temperature, pH, ionic composition, and osmolality of the solution in which the tissue is suspended, and a knowledge of the preponderant hormonal stimulus to which the intact uterus was exposed prior to sampling are essential for a correct evaluation of the experimental data obtained.le6 In addition, since the patterns of spontaneous activity displayed by isolated strips of human uterine smooth muscle frequently are not quantitatively
Improvement in electrical properties of CVD graphene on low temperature pulsed laser deposited boron nitride on SiO 2 /Si substrate

Graphene has been extensively researched over the past decade due to its outstanding electrical, optical and mechanical properties. Since charge carriers in graphene are confined within one atomic layer thickness, their transport properties are easily influenced by the surrounding medium. Recently, significant enhancement in the transport properties of graphene has been observed as it forms layered heterostructure with hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN), which offers an inert surface, high surface optical phonon modes for heat dissipation and a nearly lattice matched structure [1]. In general, the methods for synthesizing hBN require either high growth or high annealing temperature (∼1000 °C) [2–3]. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) offers an attractive alternative to overcome the high temperature requirement by increasing the excitations of deposited atoms and extending resonance time of the energetic species presence at the condensation surface. This facilitates low temperature growth of amorphous BN (a-BN) [4] which can then be phase transformed to polycrystalline hBN by low temperature annealing [5]. Here, we are reporting the electrical characterization of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene on 5 and 30 nm BN grown on SiO 2 /Si substrate initially by PLD at 200 °C, and annealing at 400 °C for transformation to polycrystalline hBN. As synthesized BN was found to improve the electrical properties of graphene by significantly enhancing mobility, reducing carrier inhomogeneity and lowering extrinsic doping compared to graphene transferred on SiO 2 /Si substrate.
"Against Their Own Weakness": Policing Sexuality and Women in San Antonio, Texas, during World War I

In March 1918 an editorial in the San Antonio Express urged the city government of San Antonio, Texas, to work with the military to clean up the city and make it a fit place for soldiers to train and people to live: "The old proverb, 'What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander,' is working out beautifully in those cities where the army camps are located. The army is the goose and the general public is the gander. . . . The Government has determined on certain conditions for the army camps, and these conditions are of necessity forced upon the community." The "sauce" referred to was restrictions on certain "immoral" actions, particularly drinking and prostitution. The editorial advocated prohibiting alcohol in town and ending prostitution not only for moral improvement and for the greater war effort but also for the concrete economic advantages inherent in complying with military orders. "The choice is clear and plain; it is a choice between the liquor business and the army business. . . . The deciding element is the dollar." The editorial also struck a moral argument: "The old idea that patriotism was a Fourth of July celebration, was a narrow view. Now we are exercising the patriotic virtues at the table, the pantry, in the bank, on the train, in moral sanitation, and in temperance reform. . . . The outcome will be seen in a greater and purer city."1 San Antonio serves as a useful case study of vice control because of its large population of soldiers, its triracial community, and the presence there of the Live Oak female detention home.2 The national military and civilian
Properties and in Projective Tensor Products

We give sufficient conditions for a subset of to be relatively weakly compact. A Banach space has property (resp., ) if every -subset of is relatively weakly compact (resp., weakly precompact). We prove that the projective tensor product has property (resp., ), when has property (resp., ), has property , and .
Using client puzzles to protect TLS

Client puzzles are commonly proposed as a solution to denial-of-service attacks. However, very few implementations of the idea actually exist, and there are a number of subtle details in the implementation. In this paper, we describe our implementation of a simple and backwards compatible client puzzle extension to TLS. We also present measurements of CPU load and latency when our modified library is used to protect a secure webserver. These measurements show that client puzzles are a viable method for protecting SSL servers from SSL based denial-of-service attacks.
Papaverine, a potent inhibitor of respiration in C-6 astrocytoma cells.

Papaverine was used as an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in C-6 astrocytoma cells. That the diesterase was inhibited is suggested by the result that papaverine together with norepinephrine elevated the adenosine cyclic 39,59-monophosphate (cAMP) level more than did norepinephrine alone. Papaverine alone induced 3 times as much glycogen breakdown as did norepinephrine in 10 min, but did not cause cAMP elevation after this 10-min period. The adenine nucleotide content of these cells was analyzed with the purpose of accounting for the rapid glycogenolysis. Papaverine lowered creatine phosphate and ATP to 3% and 38%, respectively, of control values, whereas ADP and 59-AMP were increased complementary to the ATP decline at the end of 10 min. Decreased creatine phosphate was apparent by 0.5 min after papaverine addition, whereas changes in adenine nucleotides occurred later. Conversion of phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a also occurred. Papaverine inhibited respiration in C-6 cells 50% at 5 µM and 90% at 0.5 mM, which accounted for the effect of papaverine on the phosphoryl energy carriers. These results demonstrate that the site of action of papaverine in C-6 astrocytoma cells is not limited to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The data suggest that papaverine be used only with great caution as an inhibitor of this enzyme in cellular experimental systems.
Watermark recovery with a DCT based scheme employing nonuniform imbedding

Digital Watermarking is a highly evolving field, which involves the embedding of a digital signature under a multimedia object (image, video, audio) for the purpose of copyright protection In our paper we propose a method of embedding watermarks in still digital images in the DCT domain. A unique approach of rating the 8/spl times/8 blocks of the image DCT coefficients is proposed. The experimental results show sufficient robustness of the proposed scheme to common attacks such as cropping, and JPEG lossy compression.
Effects of Gill-Net Trauma, Barotrauma, and Deep Release on Postrelease Mortality of Lake Trout

Unaccounted postrelease mortality violates assumptions of many fisheries studies, thereby biasing parameter estimates and reducing efficiency. We evaluated effects of gill-net trauma, barotrauma, and deep-release treatment on postrelease mortality of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Lake trout were captured at depths up to 65 m with gill nets in Priest Lake, Idaho, and held in a large enclosure for 10–12 d. Postrelease mortality was the same for surface-release–and deep-release– treated fish (41%). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate effects of intrinsic and environmental factors on the probability of mortality. Presence of gill-net trauma and degree of barotrauma were associated with increased probability of postrelease mortality. Smaller fish were also more likely to suffer postrelease mortality. On average, deep-release treatment did not reduce postrelease mortality, but effectiveness of treatment increased with fish length. Of the environmental factors evaluated, only elapsed time between lifting the first and last anchors of a gill-net gang (i.e., lift time) was significantly related to postrelease mortality. Longer lift times, which may allow ascending lake trout to acclimate to depressurization, were associated with lower postrelease mortality rates. Our study suggests that postrelease mortality may be higher than previously assumed for lake trout because mortality continues after 48 h. In future studies, postrelease mortality could be reduced by increasing gill-net lift times and increasing mesh size used to increase length of fish captured.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) increases with age in normal somatic cells

Abstract Small pool PCR (SP-PCR) is a sensitive method for the detection and quantification of microsatellite instability (MSI) in somatic cells. Here we propose that mutant microsatellite fragments accumulate with age in normal somatic cells and that this increase in MSI can be quantified by SP-PCR. MSI at 6 microsatellite loci was determined by SP-PCR in PBL DNA from 17 “normal” blood bank donors. These individuals varied in age from 20 to 67 y/o. MSI phenotypes were plotted against age in a regression analyses. A positive slope indicated a correlation between age and MSI phenotype ( p = 0.0006). The mean weighted average mutant frequencies across all loci for all individuals in the age groups (0.009 for 20–30 y/o; 0.019 for 35–50 y/o; 0.034 for 60–70 y/o) were also significantly different from each other ( p
Victimization of Muslim Women in Submission

Shortly after Submission, a film critiquing the treatment of Muslim women, aired on Dutch television, a Muslim fundamentalist murdered the film's producer, Theo van Gogh. While the murder brought Islamic extremism worldwide attention, the film itself escaped critical scrutiny. Analyzing the depictions of Muslim women in Submission, this essay discusses the intricacies of Muslim women's struggle. Surrounded by the oppressive discourses of Islam and patriarchy on one hand, and of the “global sisterhood” and Orientalism on the other, Muslim women today labor to achieve equality both with Muslim men and Western women.
Flexible Mixed-Integer Programming Formulations for Production Scheduling Problems

Abstract We present an approach to modeling practical dynamic production planning problems with product sequencing considerations that yields a significant reduction in the number of required binary variables over traditional approaches and improves the structure of special ordered sets which can be exploited in state-of-the-art mixed integer programming codes. In addition, the variable definition enables the modeler to develop a wide variety of objective functions, thus facilitating model development and interpretation.
Maintenance of the Adh polymorphism in Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum (tiger salamanders). I. Genotypic differences in time to metamorphosis in extreme oxygen environments.

Populations of gilled tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum) living in ephemeral ponds were studied in order to determine what evolutionary processes might be affecting genetic variation at the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus. Ponds frequently dried in late summer; salamanders that did not metamorphose and leave drying ponds died of desiccation. Low levels of water oxygen significantly slowed metamorphosis of tiger salamanders in both natural and laboratory populations. Adh-SS frequency was significantly positively correlated with daily oxygen maxima in ponds, Adh-FF frequency demonstrated a nonsignificant trend to be negatively correlated with this measure, and Adh-SF frequency was unrelated to pond oxygen. Genotype frequency changes across the season in hypoxic and supersaturated ponds suggested that differential mortality of genotypes might explain the relationships with pond oxygen, although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. Individuals of the Adh-SS genotype metamorphosed more slowly in hypoxic water than in normoxic water in the laboratory, and Adh-FF individuals metamorphosed more slowly in supersaturated water in the field, and in hypoxic water in the laboratory, than they did in normoxic water. Adh-SF individuals metamorphosed at the same rate in all oxygen environments. These data suggest that the Adh polymorphism in tiger salamanders is being maintained by selection for Adh or for a linked locus through differential metamorphosis in extreme oxygen environments.
Diagnosis of organic anxiety disorders

Abstract The author reviews the differential diagnosis of organic conditions that can present with prominent symptoms of anxiety. The unique characteristics of various cardiopulmonary, endocrine, neurologic, and other disorders are emphasized, and essential diagnostic studies are discussed. With full awareness of these disorders, the clinician can ensure that patients with anxiety receive appropriate medical evaluations.
Scared by, of, in, and for Dubai

For all the mostly positive hype that surrounded the United Arab Emirate of Dubai's ever-expanding landscape mix—which includes skyscrapers, malls and palm tree-shaped islands—there is general agreement by commentators that everything in this fast-growing city cannot be as shiningly optimistic as it seems. Thus, although ambition is certainly one trait associated with the Emirate, another trait persistently linked with Dubai's landscapes by a variety of actors is fear. By drawing on qualitative research conducted in Dubai, it is the argument of this paper that (1) fears vary in source, trajectory, and intensity, and cannot be contained just to self/Other relationships and (2) that fear is one of many emotional categories which should be taken into account when writing of landscapes (in and beyond Dubai) and the work they do.
Adhesion and Merging of Lipid Bilayers: A Method for Measuring the Free Energy of Adhesion and Hemifusion

Lipid bilayers can be induced to adhere to each other by molecular mediators, and, depending on the lipid composition, such adhesion can lead to merging of the contacting monolayers in a process known as hemifusion. Such bilayer-bilayer reactions have never been systematically studied. In the course of our studies of membrane-active molecules, we encountered such reactions. We believe that they need to be understood whenever bilayer-bilayer interactions take place, such as during membrane fusion. For illustration, we discuss three examples: spontaneous adhesion between phospholipid bilayers induced by low pH, polymer-induced osmotic depletion attraction between lipid bilayers, and anionic lipid bilayers cross-bridged by multicationic peptides. Our purpose here is to describe a general method for studying such interactions. We used giant unilamellar vesicles, each of which was aspirated in a micropipette so that we could monitor the tension of the membrane and the membrane area changes during the bilayer-bilayer interaction. We devised a general method for measuring the free energy of adhesion or hemifusion. The results show that the energies of adhesion or hemifusion of lipid bilayers could vary over 2 orders of magnitude from -1 to -50 × 10(-5) J/m(2) in these examples alone. Our method can be used to measure the energy of transition in each step of lipid transformation during membrane fusion. This is relevant for current research on membrane fusion, which focuses on how fusion proteins induce lipid transformations.
Observation of sulfate crystallites in Vostok accretion ice

Abstract Controlled sublimation in a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope has been used to reveal unusual crystalline features in the triple junctions of accretion ice from the Antarctic ice sheet above Lake Vostok. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed that the features were composed mostly of magnesium, sulfur and oxygen, although small amounts of sodium and calcium were also occasionally observed. Synchrotron X-ray topography showed that the ice grains contained dislocation densities ranging from ∼1×10 7 to >1×10 10 m −2 .
Effect of the plasma operating frequency on the figures of merit of an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer

The analytical characteristics of a 27.12 MHz and a 40.68 MHz inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer were evaluated under both hot and cool plasma conditions. The study was both direct and unambiguous because the same power supply, impedance-matching unit, load coil, and ICP torch were used at both operating frequencies. Although there are significant differences in the figures of merit between hot and cool plasma conditions, the performance at 27 MHz and 40 MHz was comparable. Under hot plasma conditions, measured ion energies and the plasma offset potential were nearly independent of the generator frequency. Higher ion energies and a greater plasma offset potential were apparent at 27 MHz under cold plasma conditions than at 40 MHz; however, this result may be an artifact of the difference in the optimal nebulizer flow rate rather than of frequency. Experimentally determined gas-kinetic and ionization temperatures did not demonstrate a significant frequency dependence.
Visual behavior of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

The Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, appears to be deficient in depth perception. Whereas C57BL/6J mice show a predominance of shallow responses on a visual cliff (e.g., 100% of initial responses is to the shallow side), gerbils show random behavior (e.g., 56% of initial responses is to the shallow side). Gerbils are not blind, however, as they show a strong preference for darkness when allowed a choice, and their circadian activity cycle can be readily entrained with the light cycle.
Surface reconstruction from scattered data through pruning of unstructured grids

This paper describes an algorithm for reconstructing a surface from a randomly digitized object. Scan data (treated as a cloud of points) is first tesselated out to its convex hull using Delaunay triangulation. The line-of-sight between each surface point and the scanning device is traversed, and any tetrahedra which are pierced by it are removed. The remaining tetrahedra form an approximate solid model of the scanned object. Due to the inherently limited resolution of any scan, this algorithm requires two additional procedures to produce a smooth, polyhedral surface: one process removes long, narrow tetrahedra which span indentations in the surface between digitized points; the other smooths sharp edges. The results for a moderately resolved sample body and a highly resolved aircraft are displayed.
Approaches to Improving Process Quality in the Service Sector

Abstract Implementation of Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR) are two quality philosophies or approaches that are being used by several manufacturing organizations worldwide for improving throughput, on-time shipments, and quality, among others. However, the application of these approaches in the service sector are very minimal. In this paper, we illustrate how service organizations, specifically banks and healthcare institutions, can utilize these approaches for gaining a competitive advantage.
The New Large Tandem Electrostatic Accelerators

Of the five large electrostatic tandem accelerators listed in Table 1, four have undergone column voltage tests and three are presently running commissioning teats with full beam capability. None of the machines has yet to achieve the full rated terminal potential with acceleration tubes installed. At this time each of these latter three machines has reached approximately 90% of full rating. The column voltage tests on these machines have given good assurance of the voltage holding capability of the basic generator structure. The ability to reach design voltages now depends on successful performance of the acceleration tubes. Although no clear sign of total voltage effect is indicated at this time, that would lead to degrading the rated tube gradients, the concern remains over the effects of the large amount of stored energy present in these accelerators and the effect of the huge currents generated during voltage breakdown. Although full rated voltages on these new large machines will undoubtedly take time and patience to achieve, we can expect the first of these machines to begin operating for research purposes during the present year. The era of the large tandems has, in fact, begun.
Phlogistic properties of the serum proteins, albumin and transferrin

In the experimental model for inflammation, footpad edema induced by injections of monosodium urate crystals, effects of two acute-phase reactants, the carrier proteins albumin and transferrin, were studied. Addition of small amounts of these serum components to the test system resulted in greater swelling. A dose-related response was demonstrated. Doubling the amount of transferrin produced increased inflammation. Comments are presented on the possible protective role of pertubations in the serum proteins classified as acute-phase reactants in the organism's response to tissue injury or inflammation.
Residual Fuel Treating and Handling for Base Load Gas Turbines

This paper is a discussion of the methods of heavy fuel treatment for industrial gas turbines and the effects of fuel characteristics on washability. A summary of recent experience with burning heavy fuels by a typical industrial user is presented. The paper includes a discussion of the latest design improvements in fuel treating equipment and the resulting improvements in washed fuel quality. The effect of fuel parameters on system size, cost and performance is evaluated.Copyright © 1975 by ASME
Stochastic calculation of tunneling in systems with many degrees of freedom.

A new method is presented for the stochastic solution of tunneling problems in quantum many-body systems. The primary practical problem of trapping in local minima of the action is overcome by extending the standard implementation of the Metropolis algorithm to include collective updates motivated by semiclassical instanton solutions. We demonstrate the accuracy of our method in the case of tunneling in one degree of freedom and apply it to a model many-fermion system in one spatial dimension which undergoes spontaneous symmetric fission.
Nipple-sparing mastectomy in patients with prior breast irradiation: are patients at higher risk for reconstructive complications?

Background:Reconstruction in the setting of prior breast irradiation is conventionally considered a higher-risk procedure. Limited data exist regarding nipple-sparing mastectomy in irradiated breasts, a higher-risk procedure in higher-risk patients.Methods:The authors identified and reviewed the rec
Syndromic Lipomatosis of the Head and Neck: A Review of the Literature

Patients with syndromic causes of lipomatosis of the head and neck, although rare, often present late in the course of the disease in a myriad of ways, including concomitant airway obstruction, severe functional limitations, and/or significant cosmetic defects. The goal of this report was to review the literature and present a concise overview of the major syndromes causing lipomatosis of the head and neck. A literature search was performed to gather information on syndromic lipomatosis of the head and neck region. PubMed was searched for the following conditions: Familial multiple lipomatosis (FML), multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (MSL), congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CIL-F), and Nasopalpebral lipoma–coloboma syndrome (NLCS). Data gathered included results of surgical cases of the head and neck region. A total of 48 reports comprising 172 cases of syndromic lipomatosis of the head and neck region were deemed eligible for review. Eighty-five percent of patients were male with an average age of 35 years. Seventy-four percent of cases appeared in the neck region, whereas 23 % presented in the face and scalp. 89 % of cases were treated with surgical excision, with 11 % of cases treated with liposuction. The most common complications were hematoma and seroma in MSL, recurrence in FML, neuropraxia in CIL-F, and mild telecanthus in NLCS. Syndromic causes of lipomatosis are generally benign in nature but difficult to control long term. Because these conditions include frequent recurrence and subsequent difficulty in clearing the disease, the authors advocate early and aggressive surgical excision of syndromic lipomatosis. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Light, vision, and aging

Recent research on aging of chromatic and spatial vision processes is reviewed. Changes in these visual processes with advancing age are largely continuous. Age-related declines in visual performance may be explained in terms of reductions in the illuminance of the visual stimulus due to changes in the ocular media and losses of efficiency at a neural level. Thus, some prominent characteristics of the senescent visual system are similar to those of the younger visual system operating at a lower ambient light level. One important determinant of retinal aging may be the light history of the individual, i.e., cumulative exposure to high-energy photons from solar radiation may accelerate retinal aging. If these abstractions from the literature are valid, then it will become more important to control the light environment throughout the life span.
Genetic AT1A receptor deficiency attenuates cold-induced hypertension

The aim of this study was to test our hypotheses that AT1A receptors play a role in the pathogenesis of cold-induced hypertension (CIH) and in the cold-induced increase in drinking responses to ANG...
Molecular Characterization of Rabbit Renal Epithelial Calcium Channel

PCR and antisense oligodeoxy-nucleotide (ODN) blocking were used to identify a calcium (Ca) channel in rabbit proximal tubule (PT) cells. The subcloned Ca channel is identical to the rabbit cardiac Ca channel (alpha(1)) except a 33 base deletion at the fourth S3-S4 linker in PT cells. Anti-sense ODN treatment (18 h) inhibited 73 and 44% of Ca influxes induced by hypoosmotic stress (220 Osm) and by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (5 microM), respectively. The results indicate that the subcloned channel is a spliced variant of the cardiac Ca channel and that it plays a critical role in regulation of Ca signaling in these cells.
Technical innovation: An E&P business perspective

Technical innovation in the E&P business is surprisingly difficult. It is a puzzling anachronism because the improved performance that the use of high technology brings to the industry is often counted on to improve our collective performance in the future. In any industry, it is easy to identify the financial benefits that accrue from an overriding philosophy supporting innovation, and it is fair to say that the present technology and information world outside oil and gas has been built on just such a foundation. It is my view that our difficulty arises not from a lack of infrastructure but from the inherent complexities of our “manufacturing” process. There are just simply so many variables that can go wrong during implementation of an invention in our business.
Linear arrays of moving dislocations piling-up against an obstacle

Abstract Calculations are reported which describe the time dependence of dislocation pile-up formation and the rate of increase of stress upon the obstacle. In particular, it is shown that the time required for the dislocations to approach their equilibrium positions and to build up large stresses on the obstacle depends strongly on the stress sensitivity of dislocation velocity (here taken to be B = ∂Inv/∂gt); increasing values of B result in increasingly sluggish pile-up formation. The implications of these results for the theory of cleavage crack formation are discussed.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ADAPTIVE FLOW CONTROL FOR TWIN-TAIL BUFFET

Effectiveness of adaptive flow control for twin-tail buffet alleviation is investigated. The concept of this technique is to place control ports at certain locations of the tail surfaces. The locations of the control ports are found by searching for the locations of a range of highpressure differences across the tail surfaces. Flow suction or blowing is applied through these ports in order to minimize the pressure difference across the tail. The volumetric flow rate at each port is proportional to the pressure difference across the tail at each location. The computational model consists of a sharp-edged delta wing and a swept-back flexible twin tail. This complex multidisciplinary problem is solved sequentially using three sets of equations for the fluid flow, aeroelastic response and grid deformation, using a dynamic multi-block grid structure. The computational model is investigated at 30° angle of attack for the inboard position of the twin tails of 33% of the wingspan. Flow field and aeroelastic results of adaptive flow control are presented, compared with those of the nocontrol case and discussed.
Proton-magnetic-resonance studies of microstructure in plasma-deposited amorphous-silicon—hydrogen films

Proton-magnetic-resonance data are presented for twenty different plasma-deposited amorphous-silicon---hydrogen films. The two-phase compositional inhomogeneity observed in these films is found to be independent of film thickness down to less than 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Models for various structural configurations show that these films contain heavily monohydride-clustered regions such as vacancies and voids, as well as ${(\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{H}}_{2})}_{n}$ and Si${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ local bonding configurations. The films also contain regions in which monohydride groups are distributed at random. Based on changes in a film whose proton NMR line shapes are metastable as deposited, a model based on strain relief is proposed for film development which explains the ubiquitous presence of the two-phase inhomogeneity. Examination of the changes in proton NMR data as a function of deposition conditions furnishes new insight on the role Si${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{Si}{{\mathrm{H}}_{x}}^{+}$ groups have in models for the gas-phase reactions involved in the developing films. Finally, $p$- or $n$-type doping is found to increase the hydrogen content of the films, and, under heavy $p$-type doping with diborane, boron clustering may occur within the films.
Facial self-perception: Its relation to objective appearance and self-concept.

The ability to judge objectively the physical attractiveness of one’s own face and the relation of these judgments to self-concept were assessed. Thirty white female and 34 white male college students rated the physical attractiveness of their own faces, once without viewing their faces (memory condition) and once while viewing photographs of their faces and the faces of the other same-sex subjects (photograph condition). Self-concept was assessed by administration of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. There was a significant positive correlation between subjects’ ratings of their own attractiveness and those they received from others. However, using the mean rating by others as an objective measure of appearance, subjects were also found to overestimate significantly the attractiveness of their own faces in both the memory and photograph conditions. Only a limited relationship between self-concept and self-perception was found. Overestimation of attractiveness was significantly correlated with more positive physical self-concepts only in the memory condition. None of the self-concept scores were significantly correlated with the attractiveness ratings by others.
Computing the Internal Rate of Return (includes associated paper 15843)

Computing the internal rate of return (IRR) of an investment efficiently and under a wide range of conditions is a problem often insufficiently addressed in finance literature. This paper reviews articles and books that deal with the IRR. The term is defined, and examples are given. Problems that arise in computing and using the IRR are discussed. Finally, a program is presented that computes and analyzes the IRR efficiently for a wide range of cash flows.
ANGIOSPERM WOOD FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA. III

A B S T R A C T Three species of fossil wood representing two genera are described. The specimens are from a collection of woods from the Upper Cretaceous Panoche formation of central California. Tetracentronites panochetris sp. nov. resembles angiosperm wood in ray structure and vascular pitting but lacks vessels. Plataninium platanoides sp. nov. is similar to the wood of Platanus, and the evidenee presented points to a direct relationship. The resemblance between Plataninium californicum sp. nov. and the woods of certain Icacinaceae is discussed, but evidence of relationship is inconclusive. THE SPECIMENS here described are a part of an assemblage of angiosperm woods collected from Upper Cretaceous marine sediments in central California discussed in an earlier paper (Page, 1967). In this assemblage of woods five specimens were found which resemble the wood of Platanus but differ in one or two important features. In a survey of modern woods the general pattern shared by the fossils and Platanus appeared in several unrelated genera, but in no case did the fossil correspond exactly with wood of a modern genus. Yet, all these woods have more in common with each other than with any others. For this reason the circumscription of Plataninium Unger emend. Vater (1884) is extended to encompass the range of variation exemplified by these genera. DIAGNOSIS-Plataninium Unger emend. Vater emend. Page-A form genus for fossil woods resembling certain members of the Fagaceae (Fagus), Platanaceae (Platanus), Eupteleaceae (Euptelea), and Icacinaceae (Citronella, Ottoschultzia), whose familial relationships cannot be determined with certainty, but which have these structural features: solitary pores, scalariform to opposite vessel pitting, scalariform or scalariform-simple perforation plates, broad rays up to 10 or more cells wide and more or less homogeneous, apotracheal parenchyma diffuse or in short uniseriate tangential lines.
Responsive polymer conformation and resulting permeability of clay–polymer nanocomposites

Changes in conformation are inherently critical to the behaviour of tunable clay–polymer nanocomposites (CPNs), including swelling potential and permeability. We investigated the conformational beh...
Anesthetic considerations in the treatment of cervical myelopathy

Abstract Background context The safe surgical treatment of patients with severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy involves a team approach incorporating special anesthetic considerations. This patient population is more vulnerable to perioperative complications. Advanced age, prolonged periods of immobility, multiple medical co-morbidities, and the risk of worsening neurologic injury mandate that the anesthesiologist pay special attention in the preoperative, induction, surgical, and recovery phases. Purpose To review the literature regarding the anesthetic management of patients undergoing surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Conclusion A basic understanding of the pathophysiology of cervical myelopathy as well as the nuances of the surgical treatment plan can help to ensure safe and effective patient management.
Effects of glucocorticoids on hippocampal long-term potentiation

The effects of chronic and acute corticosterone (CORT) administration were investigated on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus granule cell layer of the rat. Electrophysiological experiments were performed in vivo under urethane anesthesia. Chronic CORT treatment (40 mg/kg/day) over 21 days decreased LTP compared to vehicle controls, even when LTP was measured 48 hours after cessation of CORT treatment, when serum CORT levels had returned to baseline. A single injection of CORT also decreased LTP compared to vehicle controls, but only when CORT levels were high, since at 48 hours after a single acute CORT injection LTP was not depressed. The decrements in LTP were seen both for the slope of the excitatory postsynaptic potential and for the population spike. Yet CORT had no effects on posttetanic potentiation or neuronal excitability. These findings are consistent with previous reports showing a reduction in LTP in the CA1 field of animals exposed to stress or acute CORT administration.
Probability of appendicitis before and after observation.

Study objective: To examine patients with abdominal pain for changes in probability of appendicitis during observation. Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: University-affiliated community hospital. Methods: 252 patients with abdominal pain who were examined underwent short-term (10.4 hours) observation (95% confidence interval [ci], 8. 7, 12.1) before the decision to operate during a one-year period. Alvarado's scoring system and a probability-of-diagnosis nomogram were used to assign scores and estimate probability of appendicitis. Measurements and results: In the study group, mean score of patients with appendicitis increased after observation from 6.8 (95% CI, 6.2, 7.4) to 7.8 (95% CI, 7.3, 8.3), corresponding to a change in probability of appendicitis from 50% to 65%. Mean score of patients without appendicitis decreased from 3.8 (95% CI, 3.5, 4.1) to 1.6 (95% CI, 1.58, 1.62), corresponding to a change in probability from 35% to 22%. The difference between mean scores for patients with and without appendicitis increased from 2.6 (95% CI, 2.0, 3.2) to 6.2 (95% CI, 6.15, 6.25) during observation. The study group initially had intermediate probability of appendicitis (score, 4.35; 95% CI, 4.04, 4.66) compared with high probability for patients who went directly to surgery after their initial evaluation (63 patients; score, 7.59; 95% CI, 7.05, 8.73) and low probability for patients with abdominal pain who were sent home after their initial evaluation without observation or surgery (2,097 patients; score, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.48, 2.26). Conclusion: In this group of patients with intermediate initial probability of appendicitis, observation improved the ability to distinguish patients with from those without appendicitis.
On the Precision Measurement of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by the Molecular Beam Magnetic Resonance Method. The Moments of H 1 , Li 7 , F 19 , and Na 23

A direct comparison of nuclear magnetic moments with the electronic moment is made. This is done by the measurement of the Larmor precession frequency of the nucleus and the frequencies of some of the lines of the radiofrequency spectra of the alkali atoms in the same magnetic field. In this way the magnetic moment of the proton is found to be 2.7896\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0008 nuclear magnetons. The precision of this value is very much greater than that which has heretofore been obtained by measurement of magnetic field by usual methods. The same methods are used in a redetermination of the magnetic moments of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$, ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}$. Since the nuclear gyromagnetic ratio of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ has previously served as a standard in terms of which other $g$ values were expressed, an improvement in the precision of this $g$ value makes it possible to restate, with improved precision, the $g$ values and magnetic moments of other nuclei.