cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling of follicular lymphoma and normal germinal center B cells using cDNA arrays.

Follicular lymphomas (FLs) are neoplastic counterparts of normal germinal center (GC) B cells. FLs are characterized by t(14;18) with deregulation of the Bcl-2 (BCL2) gene. The presence of t(14;18) and overexpression of Bcl-2 is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause this disease. An array containing 588 complementary DNAs (cDNAs) was used to compare the gene expression between GC B cells and FL cells. To specifically monitor genes expressed in normal GC B and FL cells and not the entire tissue compartment, normal and malignant B cells were purified from tissues. Using the array, 37 genes were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated in FL cells as compared to normal GC B cells. The expression level of each differentially expressed gene was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Following these studies 24 genes were up-regulated and 8 genes down-regulated with a P value less than .1. Included among the genes that were up-regulated in FLs were cell cycle regulator proteins CDK10, p120, p21CIP1, and p16INK4A; transcription factors/regulators Pax-5 and Id-2, which are involved in normal B-cell development; and genes involved in cell-cell interactions, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-2Rγ (IL-2Rγ), and IL-4Rα. Among the genes that were down-regulated in FLs wereMRP8 and MRP14, which are involved in adhesion. Interestingly, several of these genes are localized within chromosomal regions already described to be altered in FLs. These findings provide a basis for future studies into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of FL and may lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets as well as antigens for immunotherapeutic strategies.
Na+/H+ exchange inhibition and antioxidants lack additive protective effects after reperfusion injury in the working heterotopic rat heart isograft

Abstract Background The utility of combining strategies of myocardial protection was studied in intact rat hearts subjected to 1 hour of ischemia and 40 minutes blood reperfusion. Methods Lewis rats ( n = 48) were divided into 4 transplant groups. Twenty-four hearts were arrested by coronary perfusion with hypothermic Celsior solution at 60 mm Hg. The aortic valve was punctured to introduce volume into the left ventricle (LV), and the hearts were abdominally isografted. Animals were either given both the antioxidant probucol (300 mg/kg) and the sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor cariporide (5 mg/kg) (CP; n = 6), just cariporide (CAR; n = 6), just probucol (PROB; n = 6), or neither drug (CON; n = 6). After 40 minutes of blood reperfusion, transplanted hearts were rearrested. The control recipients' native hearts (native; n = 6) were also arrested. Postmortem LV compliance relations and myocardial water content (MWC) were measured. Results Grafts protected by probucol were significantly more compliant than controls and significantly less compliant than grafts protected by cariporide alone and with both cariporide and probucol ( p = 0.0001, analysis of variance). Compliance relations for CP overlapped those for CAR. All grafts were less compliant than natives. MWC was significantly greater in controls and PROB than in natives. Conclusions Pretreatment with cariporide in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury provides greater protection against the development of diastolic abnormalities than probucol when Celsior solution is used for both arrest and preservation. In this model, there is no advantage to combining the drugs, supporting the hypothesis that there is an overlapping mechanism of protection.
The product of two ultraspherical polynomials

LetIt is familiar that(1) In the addition theorem [3, p. 363]wheretake θ = π and replace v by v−½. Sincewe get
Effects of shock-induced defect density on flux pinning in melt-textured YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−σ

To introduce a high density of homogeneously distributed defects in YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y123), melt textured samples were shock-compacted at pressures up to 12.6 GPa (126 Kbar) at orientations favorable to slip along the basal planes.1 Shock compressing melt-textured Y123 results in a nearly uniform detect density which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than in unshocked melt-textured material. However, the intergranular critical current density in bulk samples (Jcb) decreases by two orders of magnitude in the as-shocked state. This decrease in Jcb is attributed to microfractures. However, if the shocked disk is annealed in O2 then ground, sieved, and magnetically aligned, Jc for H τ c-axis (Jcab) is enhanced two to three times over the unshocked value. This indicates that the increase in dislocations density does increase flux-pinning.
Accretion rate of extraterrestrial particles determined from osmium isotope systematics of pacific pelagic clay and manganese nodules

Abstract Pelagic clay and Mn nodules from DOMES sites in the North Pacific and a varved glacial lake deposit from Connecticut were analysed for Os concentration and isotopic composition by isotope-dilution secondary ion mass spectrometry after treatment by NiS fusion or oxalic acid leaching. Bulk pelagic clay from DOMES site C has 187 Os 186 Os = 6.5 and Os = 0.14 ng/g. Oxalic acid leaches of this same sediment and of Mn nodules from DOMES sites A and C have more radiogenic 187 Os 186 Os ratios which average 8.3. Bulk glacial Lake Hitchcock sediment has 187 Os 186 Os = 12.5 and Os = 0.06 ng/g. The total Os flux to North Pacific pelagic clay is 7 to 10 ng Os/cm2/106 y. Lake Hitchcock sediment provides an integrated value for the local crustal 187 Os 186 Os ratio. The oxalic acid leaches are assumed to attack hydrogenous phases selectively. A simple model in which the only sources of Os to the ocean are continental crust with the isotopic composition of Lake Hitchcock ( 187 Os 186 Os = 12.5 ) and extraterrestrial particles with 187 Os 186 Os =1.1 results in a cosmic flux of osmium to the sediment of 4.9 ngOs/cm2/106 y of which 20% is hydrogenous. A model in which the sources of Os to the ocean are continental crust with an 187Os/186Os ratio of 30 (from the model of Palmer and Turekian, 1986), oceanic mantle or crust with 187 Os 186 Os = 1.04 and extraterrestrial particles with 187 Os 186 Os = 1.1 results in a cosmic flux of Os to the sediment of 5.7 ngOs/cm2/106 y of which none is hydrogenous. These extraterrestrial Os fluxes correspond to maximum C-1 chondrite accretion rates of between 4.9 × 104 and 5.6 × 104 tonnes/y.
Test of time reversal invariance in 2-MeV neutron scattering from aligned165Ho

We describe a search for the time reversal non-invariant five-fold correlation (s·Ixk)(I·k) in the scattering of 2 MeV polarized neutrons from an aligned165Ho target. Here s is the neutron spin,I is the target spin, andk is the neutron momentum vector. Differences in transmission were sought when s was reversed. The target was a single crystal of holmium, cryogenically aligned with a specially built dilution refrigerator. Rotating the target axis of alignment while cold permits the parity-even, five-fold correlation to be identified among other spin-dependent correlations in the forward elastic scattering amplitude. An analyzing power was found to be (1±6)×10−4, consistent with time reversal invariance.We obtain a bound of 5×10−3 for αT, the ratio of T-odd to T-even couplings in the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction.
Fast Glacier Flow

An AGU Chapman Conference on Fast Glacier Flow was held at Whistler Village, Canada, from May 4 to 8, 1986. The timing of the conference seemed particularly propitious because of results of recent observational programs, such as the breakup of the tidewater Columbia Glacier in Alaska, the imbalance of Ice Stream B in Antarctica and the existence of deforming sediment under it, and the surge of Variegated Glacier in Alaska.
Structural characterization of tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborato and tris(2-pyridylthio)methyl lithium compounds: Lithium in uncommon trigonal pyramidal and trigonal monopyramidal coordination environments ☆

Abstract X-ray diffraction reveals that the molecular structures of the tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborato and tris(2-pyridylthio)methyl lithium compounds, [ Tp Bu t ,R ]Li (R = H, Me) and [κ4-Tptm]Li, respectively exhibit three-coordinate trigonal pyramidal and four-coordinate trigonal monopyramidal coordination geometries, both of which are uncommon for lithium. Accordingly, [ Tp Bu t ]Li and [ Tp Bu t ,Me ]Li bind additional ligands to form four-coordinate adducts, such as [ Tp Bu t ]Li(NCMe), [ Tp Bu t ,Me ]Li(NCMe), [ Tp Bu t ]Li( pz Bu t H ), [ Tp Bu t ,Me ]Li( pz Bu t H ) · ( pz Bu t H ), [ Tp Bu t ,Me ]Li(OH2), [ Tp Bu t ,Me ]Li(OH2)·(pzH) and [ Tp Bu t ]Li(OH2)·(THF), each of which has been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction in the solid state. In solution, however, dissociation of the ligand (L) from the adducts [ Tp Bu t ,R ]LiL is facile such that the adducts exist in equilibrium with [ Tp Bu t ,R ]Li and L, as demonstrated by NMR spectroscopic studies.
NITROGEN METABOLISM OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS. II. THE ASSIMILATION OF NITRATE, NITRITE, AND AMMONIA BY BIDDULPHIA AURITA1

SUMMARY Biddulphia aurita, a centric diatom, can grow on either nitrate, nitrite, or ammonia as its sole nitrogen, source. Cells remove ammonium nitrogen from the medium 2.3–2.4 times faster than either nitrate or nitrite nitrogen and, when grown for 24 hr in the ammonium medium, contain higher levels of non-protein nitrogen than cells grown in the nitrate or nitrite medium for the same period of time. The nitrogenous compounds in the nonprotein nitrogen fraction from cells grown in the nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium medium contain the same level of soluble-free amino nitrogen, combined amino nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen. The high level of soluble nonprotein nitrogen in the medium of the cells grown in the ammonium medium is due to soluble amide nitrogen which represents 18% of the total soluble nitrogen present in these cells, whereas it represents only 2% in cells from the nitrite medium, and its level is negligible in cells from the nitrate medium. Cells grown in the nitrate medium have both nitrate- and nitrite-reductase activity. Cells grown in the nitrite medium have only nitrite-reductase activity in significant levels, while cells grown in the ammonium medium lack both enzymes.
Exchange coupling in epitaxial Sm–Co(11̄00)/Nd–Co exchange-spring bilayers

We have studied the exchange coupling behavior of the epitaxial Nd–Co(1100)/Sm–Co exchange-spring bilayers. A shifted and asymmetric magnetic hysteresis loop of Nd–Co was recorded at room temperature with the exchange field Hex=−625 Oe. The magnitude of Hex increases with increasing temperature from 300 to 350 K, which is due to the temperature-dependent magnetic anisotropy of the Nd–Co layer, and decreases with decreasing temperature because of the spin reorientation of the Nd–Co layer around 250 K. The coercive field of the pinned Nd–Co(1000 A) layer was not varied systematically by exchange coupling, compared with that of the free single layer. The temperature dependence of Hex above 300 K has been simulated using a one-dimensional model. The result suggests that one can enhance Hex, hence, the maximum size of the soft phase for the effective exchange-spring coupling, by tailoring the magnetic anisotropy of the soft phase.
Interactivity Types in Geographic Visualization

This paper introduces and discusses types of interactivity that can be used in digital mapping environments. The interactivity types are placed in the framework of geographic visualization (GVis) in order to extend the GVis emphasis on exploratory, interactive and private functions of spatial displays. After defining interactivity in general, four categories of interactivity are proposed: with (1) the Data; (2) the Data Representation; (3) the Temporal Dimension; and (4) Contextualizing Interaction. Three benefits of this typology are discussed. First, interactivity types can be combined to build an interactive environment. More powerful interactive mapping environments not only employ more interactivity types, but combine types from different categories. Second, the typology allows cartographers to compare and critique different mapping and GIS environments and gives cartography educators and students a mechanism for understanding the different types of interactivity, as well as a set of concepts for ima...
Real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan) assays for the detection of viruses associated with Rugose wood complex of grapevine.

Real-time TaqMan® RT-PCR (TaqMan® RT-PCR) assays were developed to detect the viruses associated with Rugose wood complex of grapevines. The viruses detected were Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus in the genus Foveavirus, Grapevine virus A, Grapevine virus B and Grapevine virus D in the genus Vitivirus. The coat protein was found to be the most conserved gene within the viral species, therefore, the primers and probes for TaqMan® RT-PCR assays were designed from the multiple alignment of the coat protein sequence of various isolates of each virus. Comparisons were also made between the conventional one step RT-PCR and TaqMan® RT-PCR for the detection of these viruses using four-fold serial dilutions of both purified RNA and crude extract prepared from grapevine tissue. Results showed that TaqMan® RT-PCR was more sensitive and could detect viruses at 32- and 256-fold higher dilutions for purified RNA and crude extract, respectively, compared to RT-PCR. The use of an internal control (18S rRNA) allowed comparison of sample preparation protocols and amplification efficiencies between samples.
A comparison of clinical teaching evaluations by resident and peer physicians

The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of inpatient teaching evaluations by resident and peer physicians on Mayo internal medicine hospital services. Three resident and three peer evaluators observed 10 consecutively chosen attending physicians on the Mayo hospital services. Evaluations by resident and peer physicians were compared in terms of mean scores. Kendall's coefficient of concordance (KCC) was used to summarize inter-rater reliabilities and Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to determine internal consistencies of evaluations by residents and peers. Results of this study revealed that mean scores of the 13 evaluation items were generally higher for resident than peer physicians. None of the items completed by residents had KCC scores >0.5, whereas 10 of the items completed by peers had KCC scores >0.5. Likewise, none of the residents’ items had KCC p-values <0.05, whereas nine of the peers’ items had KCC p-values <0.05. The overall internal consistency was higher for peers (al...
Influenza Vaccination Rates and Motivators Among Healthcare Worker Groups

BACKGROUND. The rate of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) is approximately 40%. Differences in vaccination rates among HCW groups and reasons for accepting or rejecting vaccination are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES. To determine vaccination rates and motivators among different HCW groups during the 2004-2005 influenza season. DESIGN. Cross-sectional survey conducted between July 10 and September 30, 2005. SETTING. Two tertiary care teaching hospitals in an urban center. PARTICIPANTS. Physicians, nurses, nursing aides, and other staff. Surveys were collected from 1,042 HCWs (response rate, 42%). RESULTS. Sixty-nine percent of physicians (n = 282) and 63% of medical students (n = 145) were vaccinated, compared with 46% of nurses (n = 336), 42% of nursing aides (n = 135), and 29% of administrative personnel (n = 144). Physicians and medical students were significantly more likely to be vaccinated than all other groups (P<.0001). Pediatricians (84%) were more likely than internists (69%) and surgeons (43%) to be vaccinated (P<.0001). Among the HCWs who were vaccinated, 33.4% received the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and 66.6% received trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Vaccinated HCWs were less likely than unvaccinated HCWs to report an influenza-like illness (P =.03). Vaccination with LAIV resulted in fewer episodes of influenza-like illness than did receiving no vaccine (P =.03). The most common reason for rejecting vaccination was a concern about availability. Understanding that HCWs may transmit the virus to patients correlated with vaccine acceptance (P =.0004). CONCLUSIONS. Significant differences in vaccination exist among physician specialties and employee groups, and there are inadequate vaccination rates among those with the greatest amount of patient contact, potentially providing a basis for group-specific interventions.
Impact of M1A1 main battle tank disturbance on soil quality, invertebrates, and vegetation characteristics

Abstract Military training commonly results in land degradation, but protocols for assessing and predicting long-term environmental impact are lacking. An ability to assess the impact of repeated disturbance and subsequent recovery is needed to balance training requirements against environmental quality. To develop methodology for assessing soil quality, a study evaluating disturbance resulting from tank maneuvers was initiated on Fort Riley Military Installation, Kansas. The objectives were to identify and quantify soil-quality indicators on two soil types exposed to controlled tank traffic. We examined physical, chemical, and biotic indicators after treatments were applied during wet and dry soil conditions. A randomized complete-block design, with three blocks per soil type and three treatments per block, was used. Treatments consisted of disturbance created by a 63-ton M1A1 tank making five passes in a figure-8 pattern during either dry or wet soil conditions. The M1A1 was operated at a speed of approximately 8 km/h. Control plots received no tank traffic. Soil-quality indicators evaluated were soil compaction, soil penetration resistance, rut depth, soil bulk density, soil texture, soil chemical composition, plant biomass, soil microbial diversity, and nematode and earthworm taxa. Soil-quality indicators were sampled within one week after tank disturbance. Preliminary data indicate soil-texture-dependent treatment effects (p ⩽ 0.05) for bulk density and porosity. Bulk density increased and porosity decreased on trafficked areas, in the silt loam soil, but showed no change in the silty clay loam soil. Disturbance during wet soil conditions raised penetrometer resistance and gravimetric water content more than disturbance during dry soil conditions (p ⩽ 0.05). A significant difference in disturbance was measured between the outside and inside portion of the same track (p ⩽ 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). The outside track caused the greatest amount of disturbance, as measured by the height of the disturbed soil ridge above the track bed. Tank disturbance significantly reduced total vegetative biomass (p ⩽ 0.05) compared with that of un-trafficked areas. Disturbance under wet soil conditions significantly reduced grass biomass (p = 0.040), whereas disturbance under dry soil conditions significantly reduced forb biomass (p = 0.0247) compared to un-trafficked areas. Total earthworm abundance (p = 0.011) was reduced by 82% when disturbance occurred during wet soil conditions regardless of soil type.
In older patients, rosiglitazone was associated with increased risk for stroke, heart failure, and mortality compared with pioglitazone

Source Citation Graham DJ, Ouellet-Hellstrom R, MaCurdy TE, et al. Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or p...
Bevacizumab for glioblastoma multiforme after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

We present a patient with a glioblastoma multiforme treated with bevacizumab who suffered a traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Trascranial doppler revealed no evidence of vasoconstriction, which has been previously described in a bevacizumab-treated patient. Bevacizumab was resumed five weeks after the SAH without recurrence of bleeding or vasoconstriction. To our knowledge this is the first report of resumption of bevacizumab after SAH.
A Minimum Threshold for Wind Profiler Signal-to-Noise Ratios

AbstractOne limiting factor in atmospheric radar observations is the inability to distinguish the often weak atmospheric signals from fluctuations of the noise. This study presents a minimum threshold of usability, SNRmin, for signal-to-noise ratios obtained from wind profiling radars. The basic form arises from theoretical considerations of radar noise; the final form includes empirical modifications based on radar observations. While SNRmin was originally developed using data from the 50-MHz profiler at Poker Flat, Alaska, it works well with data collected from a wide range of locations, frequencies, and parameter settings. It provides an objective criterion to accept or reject individual spectra, can be quickly applied to a large quantity of data, and has a false-alarm rate of approximately 0.1%. While this threshold’s form depends on the methods used to calculate SNR and spectral moments, variations of the threshold could be developed for use with data processed by other methods.
Catholic social teaching and business ethics: A search for moral foundations

Do the social encyclicals, especially the 100-year old Rerum Novarum,have any relevance to business people and managers in the practice of their profession? To respond to this question, one must attempt to find a link between Catholic social teaching and business ethics. Establishing this relationship is the goal of this paper. It will discuss the notion of the social question, which is addressed in the social encyclicals; present the philosophical and theological foundations of the social teaching; and point to areas where the linkage between the social teaching and business ethics can be established. By reaching deep into the philosophical grounds of the social encyclicals, the analysis attempts to cut through the often muddled diversity of opinions on specific ethical issues which characterize most moral debates.
Antioxidant perturbations in the olfactory mucosa of alachlor-treated rats.

Abstract The chloracetanilide herbicide alachlor (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)acetanilide) induces olfactory mucosal tumors in rats following chronic dietary exposure. Previous reports demonstrated that alachlor exposure was associated with depletion of glutathione (GSH) in liver in vivo and in vitro , but did not address this issue in the target tissue for the carcinogenic response. In this study we investigated a potential oxidative stress pathway in olfactory tissue by examining perturbations in olfactory mucosal antioxidants. Male Long–Evans rats were fed alachlor for up to 10 days (10–126 mg/kg per day), and intracellular reduced GSH and ascorbate levels were measured in olfactory mucosa. Both GSH and ascorbate rapidly decreased in olfactory mucosa following alachlor exposure, with a subsequent increase in both antioxidants to ∼160% of control levels in the high dose group, and recovery of GSH to control levels in all groups by 10 days. Using Western blot analysis, we found that the modifier subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, glutamate-cysteine ligase, increased in olfactory mucosa and remained elevated (126 mg/kg per day group). Two ascorbate transporters were detected by RT-PCR in olfactory mucosa, but neither appeared to be upregulated by alachlor exposure, and ascorbate synthesis was not stimulated in olfactory mucosa by alachlor treatment. Dietary exposure to alachlor depletes olfactory mucosa antioxidants, which may contribute to DNA damage and tissue-specific tumor formation.
Widths of suprathermal pitch angle distributions during solar electron bursts: ACE observations

[1] Solar active processes frequently produce electron bursts which, as observed at 1 AU, extend down to energies less than 1.4 keV. The characteristics of these solar electron bursts vary considerably from event to event due in part to the physical processes involved in their propagation to Earth. We present a thorough survey of 71 low-energy solar electron bursts that extended down to least 713 eV as observed by ACE/SWEPAM in 2002. This study characterizes properties of these bursts, including the preburst and maximum burst intensity, and the burst duration, as well as properties of the solar electron pitch angle distributions, including preburst strahl width and maximum burst beam width. Approximately 60% of bursts observed down to at least 713 eV have, on average, broader beams than the preceding strahl. Our analysis shows that all bursts in this survey have similar preburst strahl widths and electron intensities. Consequently, we conclude that beam broadening does not depend on preburst conditions. Furthermore, we find preferential associations between bursts that exhibit increased beam widths and several burst characteristics, namely, (1) high-intensity bursts, (2) bursts observable below 519 eV, and (3) long-duration bursts. Broadening of the pitch angle distribution function during solar electron bursts almost certainly results from particle scattering. Since the broadening of the pitch angle distribution function during bursts does not depend on preburst conditions and it does depend on burst characteristics, we suggest that scattering may result from self-generated fluctuations which should increase in magnitude as the energy density of the burst beam increases. Finally, we describe two sources of wave-particle interactions that offer plausible explanations for broadening of the electron pitch angle distribution during solar bursts.
Characterization of benzodiazepine receptors in the bovine pineal gland: evidence for the presence of an atypical binding site

Abstract Bovine and rat pineal benzodiazepine receptors were characterized using ligands with high affinities for either ‘central-type’ (CBR) or ‘peripheral-type’ (PBR) benzodiazepine receptors. The characteristics (Bmax = 83 ± 10 fmol/mg protein, Kd = 3.88 ± 0.46 nM) of benzodiazepine receptors in bovine pineal membranes measured with [3H]flunitrazepam (using flunitrazepam to define non-specific binding) were consistent with previously reported values. However, if non-specific binding was defined using Ro 15–1788 (a selective CBR ligand), the Bmax and Kd of [3H]flunitrazepam decreased 51 and 58%, respectively. In addition, when using PK 11195 to determine non-specific binding, the Bmax of [3H]flunitrazepam binding to bovine pineal decreased further (≈80%, Kd decreased ≈39%). Together, these observations strongly suggested the presence of PBR in the bovine pineal. Bovine pineal PBR characterized with [3H]PK 11195 revealed a high density (relative to CBR) of high affinity binding sites (Kd = 1.08 ± 0.30, Bmax = 776 ± 33.0 fmol/mg protein). In contrast, when [3H]Ro 5–4864 (1–20 nM) was used to define PBR, no binding was detectable. These observations are in sharp contrast to the rat pineal gland, in which both [3H]Ro 5–4864 and [3H]PK 11195 bind to a large number of PBR with high affinity (Kd ≈ 1.9 nM, Bmax ≈ 26 pmol/mg protein). Bovine pineal PBR were further characterized with compounds structurally related to either Ro 5–4864 or PK 11195. Both PK 11195 and its 2-fluoro isomer PK 11211 potently displaced [3H]PK 11195 (1 nM) from bovine pineal membranes (Ki = 1.26 and 1.44 nM, respectively), while KW 1937, Ro 5–4864 and triazolam displaced [3H]PK 11195 with low affinities (Ki = 11.6, 9.8 and 29 μM, respectively). Displacement of [3H]PK 11195 from bovine pineal PBR by Ro 5–6900, KW 1976 or brotizolam revealed the presence of both high (Ki = 229, 152 and 686 nM, respectively) and low affinity (Ki = 5.00, 4.70 and 4.70 μM, respectively) binding sites for [3H]PK 11195 at a relative density of 4:1. These results indicate that although both the bovine and rat pineal gland have a greater density of PBR than CBR, the pharmacological characteristics of bovine pineal PBR are markedly different from those previously described in rodents.
Energy and directional signatures for plane quantized gravity waves

Solutions are constructed to the quantum constraints for planar gravity (fields dependent on z and t only) in the Ashtekar complex connection formalism. A number of operators are constructed and applied to the solutions. These include the familiar ADM energy and area operators, as well as new operators sensitive to directionality (z+ct vs. z-ct dependence). The directionality operators are quantum analogs of the classical constraints proposed for unidirectional plane waves by Bondi, Pirani, and Robinson (BPR). It is argued that the quantum BPR constraints will predict unidirectionality reliably only for solutions which are semiclassical in a certain sense. The ADM energy and area operators are likely to have imaginary eigenvalues, unless one either shifts to a real connection, or allows the connection to occur other than in a holonomy. In classical theory, the area can evolve to zero. A quantum mechanical mechanism is proposed which would prevent this collapse.
Stress Selectively Increases Fos Protein in Dopamine Neurons Innervating the Prefrontal Cortex

Stress-induced alterations in expression of c-fos protein (Fos) in mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons of the rat were examined in order to discern which midbrain DA neurons are metabolically activated by stress. Restraint stress for 30 min increased the number of DA neurons exhibiting Fos-like immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), but not in the substantia nigra or retrorubral field. Stress elicited an increase in the number of DA neurons expressing Fos in specific nuclei within the VTA. Administration of the anxiogenic beta-carboline FG 7142 also increased the total number of VTA DA neurons expressing Fos protein, whereas pretreatment with an anxiolytic benzodiazepine (diazepam) partially prevented the stress-induced increase in Fos expression. Restraint stress for 30 min increased concentrations of the DA metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, as well as in the prefrontal cortex. Retrograde tracer studies revealed that stress increased Fos protein expression in a distinct subset of DA neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, Fos expression was not increased in any DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens. The present data indicate that there are at least two functionally distinct DA systems embedded within the prefrontal cortex of the rat.
Application of logistic regression model for slope instability prediction in Cuyahoga River Watershed, Ohio, USA

High incidences of slope movement are observed throughout Cuyahoga River watershed in northeast Ohio, USA. The major type of slope failure involves rotational movement in steep stream walls where erosion of the banks creates over-steepened slopes. The occurrence of landslides in the area depends on a complex interaction of natural as well as human induced factors, including: rock and soil strength, slope geometry, permeability, precipitation, presence of old landslides, proximity to streams and flood-prone areas, land use patterns, excavation of lower slopes and/or increasing the load on upper slopes, alteration of surface and subsurface drainage. These factors were used to evaluate the landslide-induced hazard in Cuyahoga River watershed using logistic regression analysis, and a landslide susceptibility map was produced in ArcGIS. The map classified land into four categories of landslide susceptibility: low, moderate, high, and very high. The susceptibility map was validated using known landslide locatio...
CPPD complicating other forms of inflammatory arthritis

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease is confirmed as equally common in rheumatoid arthritis by synovial fluid and macroscopic skeletal examination. Furthermore, differential frequencies in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathy provide additional insights to the "lumper-splitter" question.
Spatiotemporal control of PopZ localization through cell cycle-coupled multimerization.

Bacterial cell poles constitute defined subcellular domains where numerous proteins localize, often at specific times, to affect various physiological processes. How pole recognition occurs and what governs the timing of protein localization are often unknown. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms governing the localization of PopZ, a chromosome-anchoring protein whose unipolar to bipolar localization pattern is critical for cell cycle progression in Caulobacter crescentus. We provide evidence that polar localization of PopZ relied on its self-assembly into a higher-order structure (matrix) and that the unipolar to bipolar transition was coupled to the asymmetric distribution of ParA during the translocation of the origin-proximal ParB–parS partition complex. Collectively, our data suggest a model in which a local increase of ParA concentration promotes the assembly of a PopZ matrix precisely when and where this matrix is needed. Such coupling of protein assembly with a cell cycle–associated molecular asymmetry may represent a principle of cellular organization for controlling protein localization in both time and space.
Contour statistics in natural images: grouping across occlusions.

Correctly interpreting a natural image requires dealing properly with the effects of occlusion, and hence, contour grouping across occlusions is a major component of many natural visual tasks. To better understand the mechanisms of contour grouping across occlusions, we (a) measured the pair-wise statistics of edge elements from contours in natural images, as a function of edge element geometry and contrast polarity, (b) derived the ideal Bayesian observer for a contour occlusion task where the stimuli were extracted directly from natural images, and then (c) measured human performance in the same contour occlusion task. In addition to discovering new statistical properties of natural contours, we found that naive human observers closely parallel ideal performance in our contour occlusion task. In fact, there was no region of the four-dimensional stimulus space (three geometry dimensions and one contrast dimension) where humans did not closely parallel the performance of the ideal observer (i.e., efficiency was approximately constant over the entire space). These results reject many other contour grouping hypotheses and strongly suggest that the neural mechanisms of contour grouping are tightly related to the statistical properties of contours in natural images.
Intraoperative ultrasonography during planned liver resections: why are we still performing it?

Intraoperative ultrasonography (US) is used in many centers before oncologic liver resections to detect additional tumors and to evaluate the relationship of tumors to major vascular structures. As preoperative imaging improves, it is expected that the diagnostic yield from intraoperative US will diminish. In this study we attempt to determine if fewer unrecognized tumors were being detected and whether intraoperative US is having less impact on surgical decision making. We compared 50 consecutive cases (mean age = 57.2 ± 10 years; 27 men) who underwent laparotomy for a planned resection of primary liver malignancies or metastases between September 2003 and July 2005 with 50 consecutive cases (mean age = 56.9 ± 14 years; 25 men) between January 1999 and September 2003. Dedicated intraoperative liver US was performed or supervised by a gastrointestinal radiologist using a 5.0-MHz linear- or curvilinear-array transducer during each procedure. The rate of detecting unrecognized tumors has not changed significantly (14% vs. 20%, p = 0.70). The use of US to establish the relationship between tumor and the vasculature has not changed (48% vs. 60%, p = 0.23). The percentage of cases where the US findings were responsible for altering surgical management was 20% for both groups. The resection rate was 72% for both groups. The negative resection margin rate has also not changed significantly (86% vs. 69%, p = 0.09). Despite the advances in cross-sectional imaging, the frequency of unrecognized tumors found during intraoperative liver US and its use for surgical guidance has not changed significantly. Currently routine intraoperative US alters the management of approximately one fifth of our patients undergoing attempted liver resection for primary malignancies or metastases.
MODELING ROOT ZONE DISPERSION: A COMEDY OF ERROR FUNCTIONS

Abstract The assumption of constant dispersion coefficient is ubiquitous in the modeling of pesticide transport through the root zone. This assumption is critically examined and found to be invalid in most lab and field studies. An improved model is proposed and tested in which it is assumed that the dispersion coefficient grows linearly with time and distance traveled. Ways in which this improved representation of dispersion could be incorporated into existing models of pesticide transport are discussed.
ELECTRONIC EXCITATION TRANSFER BETWEEN ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR HYDROGEN

Abstract The process H * (2p) + H 2 (X) = H(ls) ÷ H * 2 (B) has been observed in a fluorescence experiment. The vibrational distribution in H 2 (B) is broad. A mechanism involving an H + − H − 2 intermediate is discussed.
To Be a Parent: Issues in Family Formation among Gay and Lesbian Adults

For many years, parenthood was considered to be the exclusive prerogative of heterosexual people. Today, gay men and lesbian women remain less likely than their heterosexual peers to have children, but increasing numbers of openly gay and lesbian adults are becoming parents. In this essay, we review social science research on the numbers of openly gay and lesbian parents, the ways in which their pathways to parenthood may be changing, and the extent to which childless gay and lesbian adolescents and young adults expect to become parents. We have much to learn about supports for and barriers to family formation as well as the impact of decisions about family formation among gay and lesbian populations. Directions for future research on sexual orientation and family formation are discussed.
A Capillary GC Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Cottonseed Oils

A capillary gas chromatography (GC) method was studied for direct analysis for cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPEFAs) as methyl esters. No thermal alterations were indicated in CPEFA methyl esters on a Supelcowax 10 or a DB-5 capillary column like other fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES), which obviated a second derivatization. GC conditions are described for a complete separation and quantitation of CPEFAs in cottonseed oils. CPEFAs of cottonseed oils from various refining steps were analyzed by the method. The reliability of the method was demonstrated with over 95% recoveries of CPEFA methyl esters diluted in corn oil FAMES at various levels as low as 0.017%.
Bioaccumulation and Diminution of Arsenic and Lead in a Freshwater Food Web

This study provides strong evidence for biotic accumulation of two metals in a contaminated watershed and diminution of both metals from lower trophic levels to fish. Bioaccumulation of As and Pb in water and four food web components (particulates, two size fractions of zooplankton, and six species of fish) were measured on three dates in Upper Mystic Lake (UML), MA, which is located in the As-contaminated Aberjona Watershed. Arsenic and Pb levels in small and large plankton and fish biodiminished with increasing trophic level, but only As was elevated in lower trophic levels relative to uncontaminated food webs. Metal levels in water and biota differed by date and were lowest in the spring and, in most cases, highest in summer samples. Variation in metal accumulation in zooplankton across dates may be due to changes in metal concentrations in the aqueous and particulate phase over time. Metal burdens in fish with different feeding strategies were also compared. We found the highest As in planktivorous sp...
Sex difference in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: an appraisal based on the status of hepatitis B e antigen and antibody.

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe) were studied by radioimmunoassay in consecutive series of 145 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, 389 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease and 194 patients with HBsAg-positive hepatocellular carcinoma, and compared between male and female subjects. The male to female ratio increased from 1.2 in asymptomatic carriers to 6.3 in chronic liver disease and 9.8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Abnormal SGPT was much more frequently seen in male carriers than in females (p < 0.01). Contrary to female patients with chronic liver disease, the positive rate for HBeAg in males is lower and tended to decrease with increasing age. It is postulated that male patients with chronic hepatis B virus infection might have higher HBeAg clearance ability that resulted in more frequent hepatitis B virus DNA integration and subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the ultimate mechanism regulating this difference awaits further study.
Seasonal and interannual variation in the planktonic communities of the northeastern Chukchi Sea during the summer and early fall

Abstract We analyzed the seasonal and interannual variability of the planktonic communities in a densely sampled region of the northeastern Chukchi Sea as part of a multidisciplinary ecosystem study from 2008 to 2010. Observations of chlorophyll-a, inorganic macronutrients, and zooplankton (using both 150-μm and 505-μm mesh nets) were made within two 900-NM 2 grids (Klondike and Burger) at high spatial resolution three times each in 2008 and 2009, with a third grid (Statoil) sampled twice in 2010. Sea-ice conditions prior to sampling varied notably during the study: seasonal sea ice retreat was earlier and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) were warmer in 2009 than in 2008, whereas SSTs for 2010 were intermediate between the 2008 and 2009 values. Eighty taxonomic categories of zooplankton, including 11 meroplanktonic categories, were recorded, with the greatest diversity found within the copepods (25 species), followed by the cnidarians (11 species). All species are typical for the region and most are seeded from the Bering Sea. A seasonal progression of the community structure was apparent over each survey area and was likely influenced by temperature. Cold oceanographic conditions in 2008 likely slowed growth and development of the zooplankton, such that holozooplankton abundance averaged 2389 and 106 individuals m–3 and biomass averaged 10.5 and 8.3 mg DW m–3 in the 150- and 505-μm nets, respectively. An early phytoplankton bloom in 2009 apparently supported a zooplankton community of greater abundance, but moderate biomass, averaging 6842 and 189 individuals m–3, and 16.3 and 7.0 mg DW m–3 in the 150- and 505-μm nets, respectively. Highest zooplankton abundance and biomass values among the three years occurred in 2010: 7396 and 198 individuals m–3 and 102.9 and 33.5 mg DW m–3 in the 150- and 505-μm nets, respectively. Holozooplankton biomass changes were driven by increases in large-bodied, lipid-rich copepods. The contribution of meroplankton was substantial in this shallow-water ecosystem: numerically, they contributed 28% in 2008, 8% in 2009 and 56% in 2010 to the total zooplankton community and 43%, 27%, and 11%, respectively, terms of biomass for the 150-μm nets. Interannual differences in ice-melt timing, water temperatures, northward transport of water masses, and nutrients and chlorophyll concentrations resulted in highly variable pelagic productivity.
An effect of accumulated matrix on sulfation among cells in a cartilage colony: an autoradiographic study.

In this report an autoradiographic approach is used to compare synthetic activities of cells within differentiated cartilage colonies. While amino acid incorporation is uniform throughout the colony, H3-uridine is incorporated more actively by cells having little matrix, cells which are typically in the peripheral regions of a colony. On the other hand S35O4 is incorporated most actively by cells in the colony centers. This difference in sulfation appears to occur independently of the mitotic state of the cells, since it is apparent in both growing and near-stationary cultures. Instead, there is a correlation between the accumulation of extracellular matrix and more active levels of sulfation. In support of the idea that matrix creates a microenvironment more favorable to chondrogenesis is the observation that a brief treatment with hyaluronidase, which removes about 60% of the S35O4 from prelabeled cultures, depresses sulfation, as determined both autoradiographically and biochemically by the isolation of labeled glycosaminoglycans. The possible role of extracellular matrices in altering the expression of differentiated functions by creating a more favorable microenvironment is considered.
The effect of welding conditions on stray grain formation in single crystal welds - theoretical analysis

Stray grain formation during solidification of nickel-based single crystal superalloy welds leads to a degradation of mechanical properties and cracking. Based on the mechanism of constitutional supercooling ahead of the advancing dendritic growth front, the effect of welding conditions (weld speed and power) on the tendency to form stray grains during solidification was evaluated. A simple 3D thermal model was combined with a geometric model to determine the extent of stray grain formation as a function of welding conditions and position in the weld pool, taking into account the influence of dendrite growth orientation. A parameter describing the degree of stray grain formation, averaged over the entire solidification front, was calculated. Processing maps that show the severity of stray grain formation as a function of weld speed, power and orientation were developed. It was found that low power and high weld speed were optimal for minimizing the stray grain formation potential. The effect of crystallographic orientation of the weld on the overall tendency to form stray grains was minimal, although local variations based on orientation were quantified. The theoretical analysis was compared to earlier experimental work on laser welded nickel-based single crystals and all of the experimental observations could be reproduced in the calculations.
Effects of orthognathic surgery on nasal form and function in the cleft patient.

Abstract Management of common problems of nasal airway obstruction in cleft and noncleft patients by the subnasal approach through the maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy are discussed. The effects of maxillary surgical repositioning on the esthetics of the nose and upper lip are presented, as well as the sequencing and timing of orthognathic surgery and nasal reconstruction in the cleft patient. Case presentations illustrate the results of this treatment approach.
The preparation of some fluorobenzothiasoles

The seven possible monofluoro-2-phenylbenzothiazoles have been prepared. Each was prepared by potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) oxidation of the appropriately substituted thiobenzanilide. Several were also prepared via a benzyne intermediate through treatment of suitable thiobenzanilides with potassium amide and liquid ammonia.