cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and Characterization of a Multi-Cofactor Binding Protein with Implications for Photoactivated Water Oxidation

The potential lies in solar energy to power all human activities with minimal environmental consequences. The challenge we face is in the development of catalysts for solar energy conversion that are efficient and cost-effective. Inspired by the structure and function photosystem II, progress has been made toward developing catalysts that use sunlight to oxidize water to oxygen and hydrogen, a high-energy fuel. Here, we begin a new approach to light-driven water oxidation in which designed proteins will be the catalysts. We report the first de novo designed protein capable of conducting photoactivated charge separation. It is a 4-α-helix bundle that uses heme and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) cofactors to achieve electron transfer upon illumination. This protein was redesigned to extend the electron transfer chain to a di-metal site (Figure 1). The interactions of the proteins with heme, ZnPPIX, and various metals were characterized by circular dichroism and UV/visible spectroscopy. The metal cluster is designed to serve as the water oxidation center of the protein to recreate the function of the oxygen-evolving Mn4CaO5 center in photosystem II.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Sibling Roles Represented in Children's Books about Chinese–US Family Adoption

This study examined the presence of protector and educator sibling roles in children's books about adoption of Chinese daughters by US families. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on a sample of 27 books. The books were coded independently by two researchers. Directional coding (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) for the presence/absence of protector and educator roles was conducted. The results indicated that the protector role was evident when siblings were (i) caring about adoptees’ entry into the families, (ii) providing comfort when adoptees were scared, and (iii) intervening when adoptees were bullied. The educator role was evident when siblings were (i) seeking to bridge linguistic barriers, (ii) preparing to teach adoptees about China, and (iii) explaining birth/adoptive parent distinctions. Implications of this study are offered for family and consumer science researchers and practitioners/service providers.
Changing pattern of femoral fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta with prolonged use of bisphosphonates

Purpose Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has been treated with bisphosphonates for many years, with some clear clinical benefits. In adults, there are reports of a new pattern of atraumatic subtrochanteric fractures with bisphosphonate treatment. This study assesses if bisphosphonate treatment leads to an altered pattern of femoral fractures.
Air quality remote sensing from space

Recent advances in tropospheric remote sensing have opened the way for measuring, monitoring, and understanding processes that lead to atmospheric pollution. As part of an integrated observing strategy, satellite measurements provide a context for localized observations and help to extend these observations to continental and global scales. The challenge for future space-borne missions will be directly accessing the local scale and facilitating the use of remotely sensed information for improving local- and regional-scale air quality (AQ) forecasts. Achieving this goal could provide important societal dividends for public health, for policy applications related to managing national AQ, and for assessing the impact of daily human activity on the distributions of important trace gases and aerosols and their short-timescale variability—known as ‘chemical weather’—as well as on climate.
Tiffany diamonds and classical music as influences on Paul Gregory's production of Don Juan in hell

This study examines how producer Paul Gregory utilized the classical presentational mode of performance with an analogy of classical music performance in the presentation of his historic production of Don Juan in Hell. By presenting an essentially nondramatic text without the usual emphasis on design and spectacle, Gregory forced a re‐examination of theatre itself. The impact of this production continues to be examined in academic interpretation.
Simple and accurate method for the determination of creatine and creatinine

Abstract A simple, rapid and accurate photocolorimetric method for the determination of creatinine and creatine has been presented. The determination of creatinine involves evaporation of the sample to dryness, dissolution of the residue in a fixed volume of alkaline picrate reagent, and, one hour later, measuring the transmittance with respect to the above reagent. The determination of total creatinine (preformed creatinine and creatine) is done in the same manner, after converting the creatine to creatinine by digestion with hydrochloric acid.
Novel analogs of D-e-MAPP and B13. Part 2: signature effects on bioactive sphingolipids.

Abstract Novel isosteric analogs of the ceramidase inhibitors (1S, 2R)-N-myristoylamino-phenylpropanol-1 ( d -e-MAPP) and (1R, 2R)-N-myristoylamino-4′-nitro-phenylpropandiol-1,3 (B13) with modified targeting and physicochemical properties were developed and evaluated for their effects on endogenous bioactive sphingolipids: ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (Cer, Sph, and S1P) in MCF7 cells as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Time– and dose–response studies on the effects of these compounds on Cer species and Sph levels, combined with structure–activity relationship (SAR) data, revealed 4 distinct classes of analogs which were predominantly defined by modifications of the N-acyl-hydrophobic interfaces: N-acyl-analogs (class A), urea-analogs (class B), N-alkyl-analogs (class C), and ω-cationic-N-acyl analogs (class D). Signature patterns recognized for two of the classes correspond to the cellular compartment of action of the new analogs, with class D acting as mitochondriotropic agents and class C compounds acting as lysosomotropic agents. The neutral agents, classes A and B, do not have this compartmental preference. Moreover, we observed a close correlation between the selective increase of C16-, C14-, and C18-Cers and inhibitory effects on MCF7 cell growth. The results are discussed in the context of compartmentally targeted regulators of Sph, Cer species, and S1P in cancer cell death, emphasizing the role of C16-Cer. These novel analogs should be useful in cell-based studies as specific regulators of Cer–Sph–S1P inter-metabolism, in vitro enzymatic studies, and for therapeutic development.
X-ray truncation rod analysis of the reversible temperature-dependent [001] surface structure of LaAlO 3

The surface structures, compositions, and terminations of ABO3oxides with the perovskite structure are of major importance due to their extensive use as substrates for thin film growth, in particular for the growth of superconducting films of materials such as YBa2Cu3O7. LaA1O3is particularly attractive in this regard since its lattice mismatch with YBa2Cu3O7is small (<2%), and its high melting point (2453K) minimizes interfacial dislocations and chemical reactions with the films.’ To facilitate its use as a growth substrate the surface structure and composition of LaA1O3should be thoroughly characterized. LaAIO3 has a bulk rhombohedral perovskite structure at room temperature and undergoes a transformation to a simple cubic structure at about 710K2although several groups have reported that the change occurs gradually between room temperature and 770K.2-4This transformation involves changes in bond angles of only tenths of a degree and microtwinning is not observed.
Thermography basket catheter: in vivo measurement of the temperature of atherosclerotic plaques for detection of vulnerable plaques.

We have developed an intravascular thermography basket catheter to measure the temperature of the vessel wall to locate foci of inflammation. Our 3 Fr thermography basket catheter is a thermocouple-based catheter made of a nitinol expandable and externally controllable basket system loaded with nine small and flexible built-in thermosensors. It is equipped with real-time data acquisition software with a thermal resolution of 0.0001°C and a sampling rate of 20 readings per second. In 10 inbred cholesterol-fed dogs with femoral (but not carotid) atherosclerosis, we found foci of warmth on the surface of atherosclerotic but not disease-free regions (P < 0.05). Marked temperature heterogeneity was also observed in the aortas of atherosclerotic Watanabe rabbits but not in normal rabbits. The catheters showed satisfactory accuracy, reproducibility, and safety. If confirmed in further studies, it has the potential to be utilized in detection of vulnerable plaques. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:52–59. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
EXORICSE—an algorithm for detection of spurious values and prediction of missing data

Abstract A FORTRAN program is presented which generates a statistical model of broadscale spatially coherent data, and from that model identifies and removes outlying data values. The algorithm also interpolates missing data values by making use of this model, as well as the assumption of broadscale coherence. Examples of the application of this technique to geomagnetic data are presented. A significant improvement in the statistical efficiency and consistency of subsequent estimators is seen to obtain from preprocessing data with this method.
A method for classification of movements in bed

Sleep is characterized by episodes of immobility interrupted by periods of voluntary and involuntary movement. Increased mobility in bed can be a sign of disrupted sleep that may reduce sleep quality. This paper describes a method for classification of the type of movement in bed using load cells installed at the corners of a bed. The approach is based on Gaussian Mixture Models using a time-domain feature representation. The movement classification system is evaluated on data collected in the laboratory, and it classified correctly 84.6% of movements. The unobtrusive aspect of this approach is particularly valuable for longer-term home monitoring against a standard clinical setting.
Nafarelin in the management of endometriosis: Quality of life assessment

Summary Quality of life is important when comparing the relative advantages of nafarelin versus danazol for thetreatment of endometriosis. Recent studies have investigated the potential differences between the safety profiles of nafarelin and danazol and the impact of these profiles on the patient's quality of life. Results show that although these drugs have similar efficacy, they are associated with very different safety profiles. Most notable are the androgenic effects such as weight gain associated with danazol. With nafarelin, hypoestrogenic side effects, such as hot flashes, are more common. More important, these differences in safety profiles may prove to be relevant to patient satisfaction and compliance with therapy
Confounding issues in estimation of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters and dosage individualization of aminoglycosides.

Abstract Aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually administered by multiple short intravenous infusions at fixed intervals. Today, equations reported 35 years ago by Sawchuk and Zaske are still the cornerstone of methods used for determination of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters of aminoglycosides and individualization of drug dosage regimens in many clinical settings. Additionally, these methods are included in many clinical pharmacology curricula in pharmacy and other related fields. However, there are a few issues with regard to the application and/or modification of this method in clinical settings, which may result in some confusion among novice clinicians. For example, serum samples collected from different intervals at steady state, instead of samples obtained during the same interval, require special manipulation of sampling time before they can be used for estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters. Furthermore, there are various ways that the original equations are modified or simplified, which can result in some degree of error in the estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters and ensuing dosage regimen calculations. Simulation data presented here indicate that in some cases, these errors may be substantial, depending on the length of short infusion, half life of the drug, and the dosage interval. For instance, using equations developed for intravenous bolus mode of administration, ignoring the short infusion, may result in ≥ 25% error for a typical patient and dosing scenario. Although experts may use modified equations, understanding their error ramifications, these modifications may be confusing to the novice clinicians. Therefore, it is recommended that exact equations developed specifically for multiple intravenous infusions be used without any modification, particularly in settings where clinicians are being trained.
25-Year Trends in Resection of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

An attempt was made to document trends that have occured over a 25-year period in clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, operative management, and patient outcome in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The experience (574 aneurysmectomies) of one cardiovascular surgical group was analyzed by retrospective review of hospital and office records. Changes over time of patients’ ages, aneurysm sizes and statuses, prior myocardial revascularization, operative mortality, and certain other parameters were evaluated. During the period of study, there was a significant decrease in aneurysm size, increase in patients’ ages, and an increased incidence of previous coronary artery bypass. No ruptured aneurysm was < 5 cm in diameter. The incidence of rupture and the operative mortality in patients with a ruptured aneurysm did not change significantly. There was a significantly (p = 0.03) lower operative mortality of 0.4% in the latter half of the series for elective aneurysmectomy. Increased utilization of preoperative cardiologic evaluation, and myocardial revascularization, has been associated with a decreased operative mortality in patients undergoing elective aneurysmectomy even though the patients are now older and have more age-related comorbidities. Elective aneurysmectomy should be offered to most patients when an abdominal aortic aneurysm is ≥5 cm in diameter. (Ann Vasc Surg 1998;12:436–444.)
Unsupervised Multilingual Grammar Induction

We investigate the task of unsupervised constituency parsing from bilingual parallel corpora. Our goal is to use bilingual cues to learn improved parsing models for each language and to evaluate these models on held-out monolingual test data. We formulate a generative Bayesian model which seeks to explain the observed parallel data through a combination of bilingual and monolingual parameters. To this end, we adapt a formalism known as unordered tree alignment to our probabilistic setting. Using this formalism, our model loosely binds parallel trees while allowing language-specific syntactic structure. We perform inference under this model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and dynamic programming. Applying this model to three parallel corpora (Korean-English, Urdu-English, and Chinese-English) we find substantial performance gains over the CCM model, a strong monolingual baseline. On average, across a variety of testing scenarios, our model achieves an 8.8 absolute gain in F-measure.
A parallel algorithm for solving the 3d Schrödinger equation

We describe a parallel algorithm for solving the time-independent 3d Schrodinger equation using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. We introduce an optimized parallelization scheme that reduces communication overhead between computational nodes. We demonstrate that the compute time, t, scales inversely with the number of computational nodes as t@K(N"n"o"d"e"s)^-^0^.^9^5^+/-^0^.^0^4. This makes it possible to solve the 3d Schrodinger equation on extremely large spatial lattices using a small computing cluster. In addition, we present a new method for precisely determining the energy eigenvalues and wavefunctions of quantum states based on a symmetry constraint on the FDTD initial condition. Finally, we discuss the usage of multi-resolution techniques in order to speed up convergence on extremely large lattices.
Localization of mRNAs Representing Interstitial Collagenase, 72-kDa Gelatinase, and TIMP in Healing Porcine Burn Wounds

The process of wound healing sets in motion a complex and dynamic series of events, which includes the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Degradation of matrix macromolecules is mediated through the actions of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Conversely, the actions of this enzyme family are regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In this study, we have developed riboprobes derived from human cDNAs representing collagenase, 72-kDa gelatinase, and TIMP and have found them to be sufficiently specific and sensitive for use in in situ hybridization studies of porcine burn wounds. Expression of these mRNAs, although not seen in uninjured skin, was found to be a predictable and locally distinct event in wound repair. Transcripts for collagenase and TIMP but not 72-kDa gelatinase were detected at the resurfacing epithelial margin; label was also detected in and around follicular epithelium within the wound bed. Transcripts for both metalloenzyines and TIMP were found throughout the viable dermis and subcutaneous tissues underlying the wound bed. However, expression of 72-kDa gelatinase was most prominent in the superficial dermis adjacent to the resurfacing epidermis at the wound margin. Collagenase and TIMP transcripts were particularly prominent in a perivascular pattern in the dermis and in the connective tissue network surrounding adipocytes in the subcutaneous zone. Numerous cell types appeared to be involved, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Future exploitation of this porcine thermal injury model is likely to provide information about the spatial and temporal patterns of matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP expression in cutaneous wound healing.
Indigenous organisation, bureaucracy and development: The case of irrigation

Increasingly, irrigation development is implemented through large‐scale projects constructed and operated by the central government. In such projects, successful articulation between the project administrators and water users is often absent. In locations where the project serves local water users with previous irrigation experience, one solution to this problem is the adaptation of indigenous irrigation leadership roles to link the water bureaucracy and local users. This paper discusses a situation in western Laos in which a traditional pattern of irrigation leadership has been adapted to the requirements of a modern irrigation project. From this case, the hypothesis is developed that indigenous roles can be used for articulating bureaucracy and locality if accountability for job performance largely remains with the local water user groups.
Efficient data transmission from silicon wafer strip detectors

An architecture for on-wafer processing is proposed for central silicon-strip tracker systems as they are currently designed for high-energy physics experiments at the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) and for heavy ion experiments at the RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider). The data compression achievable with on-wafer processing would make it possible to transmit all data generated to the outside of the detector system. A set of data which completely describes the state of the wafer for low occupancy events and which contains important statistical information for more complex events can be transmitted immediately. This information could be used in early trigger decisions. Additional data packages which complete the description of the state of the wafer vary in size and are set through a second channel. By buffering this channel, the required bandwidth can be kept far below the peak data rates which occur in rare but interesting events. >
On channel estimation for OFDM systems in multipath environments with relatively large delay spread

The accuracy of channel state information (CSI) is critical for demodulation of multi-level modulated OFDM signals in multipath environments where the received signal experiences fading both in amplitude and phase. CSI estimates are commonly obtained from a priori known signal either appended as the training symbols in the beginning of a stream of OFDM symbols or inserted as the pilot tones in certain subcarriers of an individual OFDM symbol. In both cases, conventional channel estimation techniques process signal samples from the useful part of OFDM symbols. However, in excessively time-dispersive multipath channels where the receiver might be synchronized to a path in the middle of the overall channel impulse response, conventional channel estimation techniques may not capture some of the path components or its accuracy is degraded due to ISI. In this paper, we propose an improved channel estimation technique based on the use of a white preamble and the cyclic time-shifting property of the Fourier transform. Our computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme using a white preamble can improve the BER performance by more than 4 dB in a scenario considered in this paper.
On the performance of polarimetric target detection algorithms

The performance of six polarimetric target detection algorithms is analyzed. The detection performance of the optimal polarimetric detector (OPD), the identity-likelihood-ratio-test (ILRT), the polarimetric whitening filter (PWF), the single-polarimetric-channel detector, the span detector, and the power maximization synthesis (PMS) detector is compared. Results for both probabilistic and deterministic targets in the presence of complex-Gaussian clutter are presented. The results of these studies indicate that the PWF and the ILRT typically achieve near optimal performance. Each remaining detection algorithm typically yields performance that is degraded compared to the performance of the OPD, the PWF, and the ILRT. >
Effects of limb mass distribution on the ontogeny of quadrupedalism in infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and implications for the evolution of primate quadrupedalism

Primate quadrupedal kinematics differ from those of other mammals. Several researchers have suggested that primate kinematics are adaptive for safe travel in an arboreal, small-branch niche. This study tests a compatible hypothesis that primate kinematics are related to their limb mass distribution patterns. Primates have more distally concentrated limb mass than most other mammals due to their grasping hands and feet. Experimental studies have shown that increasing distal limb mass by adding weights to the limbs of humans and dogs influences kinematics. Adding weights to distal limb elements increases the natural period of a limb's oscillation, leading to relatively long swing and stride durations. It is therefore possible that primates' distal limb mass is responsible for some of their unique kinematics. This hypothesis was tested using a longitudinal ontogenetic sample of infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Because limb mass distribution changes with age in infant primates, this project examined how these changes influence locomotor kinematics within individuals. The baboons in this sample showed a shift in their kinematics as their limb mass distributions changed during ontogeny. When their limb mass was most distally concentrated (at young ages), stride frequencies were relatively low, stride lengths were relatively long, and stance durations were relatively long compared to older ages when limb mass was more proximally concentrated. These results suggest that the evolution of primate quadrupedal kinematics was tied to the evolution of grasping hands and feet.
Changes in the NMR Metabolic Profile of Human Microglial Cells Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide or Morphine

Microglial cells play a major role in host defense of the central nervous system. Once activated, several functional properties are up-regulated including migration, phagocytosis, and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. Little, if anything, is known about the metabolic changes that occur during the activation process. High-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra obtained from perchloric acid extracts of human microglial cell cultures exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or morphine were used to both identify and quantify the metabolites. We found that human microglia exposed to LPS had increased concentrations of glutamate and lactate, whereas the cells exposed to morphine had decreased concentrations in creatinine, taurine, and thymine. Glutamate and creatinine were the key metabolites differentiating between the two stimuli. These results are discussed in terms of activation and differences in the inflammatory response of human microglial cells to LPS and morphine.
Effects of Chemoradiotherapy on Tongue Function in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract In this review article, the effects of radiotherapy ± chemotherapy on tissues and on oropharyngeal swallowing are reviewed. In addition, normal tongue function for swallowing is reviewed, as are the effects of tongue exercise programs designed to improve tongue strength and swallow functioning. Current literature on swallow exercise programs for head and neck cancer patients is provided. Also discussed are potential new avenues for research in this population.
“Maricón,” “Pájaro,” and “Loca”: Cuban and Puerto Rican Linguistic Practices, and Sexual Minority Participation, in U.S. Santería

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the United States are, to varying degrees, practitioners of the Afro-Cuban religion popularly known as Santeria. Cuban and Puerto Rican forms of referencing LGBT populations are illustrated in this article, which is drawing from interviews and participant observation conducted in the United States, with close to 30 practitioners, many of whom were Cuban, Cuban American, and Puerto Rican. I discuss the ways in which Santeria gatherings produce an alternative use of otherwise stigmatized language for “gay” practitioners. Through the use of distinctive language to reference all of these populations, we may rethink the relationship between identities and practices, and within that, gender presentations vis a vis identities.
Neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech in the infant brain

Speech scientists have long proposed that formant exaggeration in infant-directed speech plays an important role in language acquisition. This event-related potential (ERP) study investigated neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech in 6–12-monthold infants. Two synthetic ⁄ i ⁄ vowels were presented in alternating blocks to test the effects of formant exaggeration. ERP waveform analysis showed significantly enhanced N250 for formant exaggeration, which was more prominent in the right hemisphere than the left. Time-frequency analysis indicated increased neural synchronization for processing formantexaggerated speech in the delta band at frontal-central-parietal electrode sites as well as in the theta band at frontal-central sites. Minimum norm estimates further revealed a bilateral temporal-parietal-frontal neural network in the infant brain sensitive to formant exaggeration. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that formant expansion in infant-directed speech enhances neural activities for phonetic encoding and language learning.
The “BIM's 4D+” dimension: Real time energy monitoring

With the current trend towards Building Information Model (BIM), facility managers have a new tool for raising efficiency. This paper discusses the integration of the BIM software with a real-time monitoring (RTM) system, as a 4D+ dimension in BIM, to track the electrical usage at every location in a building. This ability could be invaluable in identifying what unnecessary loads are connected to a device and could be disconnected. This would result in elimination of needless loads and phantom loads during non-business hours, causing significant reduction in energy consumption. A prototype of the RTM was built and the results are in support of reduction in energy consumption. Real-time awareness is a major factor in facility management and essential to meet the strict guidelines presently being adopted.
RIGHTEOUS OIL? HUMAN RIGHTS, THE OIL COMPLEX, AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

▪ Abstract One of the most important aspects of the rise of post-1945 global capitalism has been the call for transnational corporations to conform to basic human rights principles. This chapter reviews the efforts within the oil industry (with a particular focus on their operations in the less-developed countries) to develop corporate social responsibility and the related development of voluntary, legal, and statutory programs by governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), civic groups, and multilateral agencies to ensure that the oil industry is compliant with important human, social, political, and environmental rights. In reviewing these developments, I outline the current political economy of the oil industry, new bodies of research on the relations between oil, violence, and human rights violations, which include case studies of the human rights records of transnational and joint-venture oil operations.
9B-4 Microbubble Oscillations in Gel Phantom and Ex Vivo Preparation Validate Proposed Mechanisms for Contrast-Based Drug Delivery

The use of ultrasound contrast agents for gene and drug delivery has shown much promise in many recent studies, while simultaneously raising questions regarding the safety of methods used. There is currently no consensus on the optimal safe operating regime, since the mechanisms for contrast- enhanced drug delivery are not well-understood. Here, the mechanisms for increased permeability are investigated by using high-speed microscopy to directly observe microbubbles in a vessel phantom and ex vivo preparation. The vessel phantom was a small block (30 mm times 20 mm times 3 mm) of 0.75% agarose gel with a 200-mum diameter cylindrical channel along the length of the block. For ex vivo work, the preparation used was an excised rat cecum with a cannulated ileocolic vein to allow for microbubble perfusion. Images of microbubble oscillation were acquired using a strobe imaging system with a 30 nsec flash provided by a copper vapor laser. Images of vessel wall disruption and tunnels formed in the wall were acquired with 1, 2.25, and 5 MHz center frequencies using microbubble concentration, duty cycle, and rarefactional pressures that were similar to those used for in vivo drug delivery experiments. Observations from in vitro and ex vivo studies indicate that expansion of microbubbles within small vessels is smaller than in an infinite fluid and that bubbles persist over many transmitted cycles and pulses. In vitro studies over a long pulse train indicate that microbubbles create pores within the tissue phantom and travel long distances along the beam axis. The width and depth of tunnels created by microbubbles at varied frequencies indicate a stronger dependence on insonation frequency than suggested by mechanical index.
Web Service Composition Using Service Suggestions

This paper presents a semi-automatic Web service composition approach. This approach ranks all available candidate Web service operations based on semantic annotations and suggests service operations to a human designer during the process of Web service composition. The ranking scores are based on data mediation, functionality and formal service specifications. A formal graph model, an IODAG, is defined to formalize an input/output schema of a Web service operation. Three data mediation algorithms are developed to handle the data heterogeneities arising during Web service composition. The data mediation algorithms analyze the schemas of the inputs and outputs of service operations and consider the structures of the schemas. A typed representation for our data mediation approach, which formalizes the data mediation problem as a subtype-checking problem, is presented. An evaluation is performed to study the effectiveness of different data mediation and service suggestion algorithms used to assist designers composing Web services.
Understanding the built environment at the Seneca Iroquois White Springs Site using large-scale, multi-instrument archaeogeophysical surveys

Abstract A landscape-scale conception of the circa 1688–1715 CE Seneca occupation at the White Springs Site (NYSM 1952; RMSC Plp-018), located in Geneva, NY, is important for understanding their built environment during a period of residential upheaval. This paper reports on approximately five hectares of high-resolution, multi-instrument archaeogeophysical surveys. These surveys allowed engagement with layered, temporal contexts and the gathering of otherwise inaccessible information. In combination with excavation, surface survey, and historic research, archaeogeophysical techniques provided expanded access to the site, a settlement size estimate of 1.42–2.75 ha, and tentative evidence for a palisade at the White Springs Site. The interplay between archaeogeophysics and other techniques was critical to this undertaking.
The Reliability and Classification Stability of the Learning Style Inventory.

The Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and the newly revised Learning Style Inventory (LSI II) were examined for internal consistency, test-retest reliability and stability of the four classifications ...
A parallel model for constructing protocol converters

A parallel model for constructing protocol converters which removes the limitation of a previous parallel model that allows only one-to-one message mapping of two protocols is proposed. For two protocols specified in the communicating finite state machine (CFSM) model, the proposed method consists of three steps: (1) partitioning the mapping functions of the two target protocols into two separate entities; (2) deriving two half-converters to translate transition sequences between the two target protocols; and (3) inserting error-recovery transitions into the half-converters for half-gateway architecture implementation. The proposed conversion scheme can be implemented not only in a single-gateway architecture using two concurrently executing processes but also in a half-gateway architecture with error-recovery features included. >
Friends and enemies : the United States, China, and the Soviet Union, 1948-1972

Winner of the 1991 Stuart L. Bernath Prize, sponsored by the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. ---------- "A swift-paced, absorbing account of the dangerous political maneuvers that engaged America with both China and the Soviet Union during the years between 1948 and 1972...Chang's account is impressively documented with once-classified records...This is a scrupulously detailed history, scholarly and at the same time filled with incident, insight, and personality...Chang paints a fascinating picture."--San Francisco Chronicle
Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Particle Filtering: Physical Layer Considerations

In this paper, a new framework for target tracking in a wireless sensor network using particle filters is proposed. Under this framework, the imperfect nature of the wireless communication channels between sensors and the fusion center along with some physical layer design parameters of the network are incorporated in the tracking algorithm based on particle filters. We call this approach ldquochannel-aware particle filtering.rdquo Channel-aware particle filtering schemes are derived for different wireless channel models and receiver architectures. Furthermore, we derive the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bounds (PCRLBs) for our proposed channel-aware particle filters. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the tracking performance of the channel-aware particle filters can reach their theoretical performance bounds even with relatively small number of sensors and they have superior performance compared to channel-unaware particle filters.
Uncertainty in the automation of ontology matching

The exchange of information between two agents over the semantic Web requires a means of translating between the "vocabularies" of the agents. Much research has focused on the use of ontologies for specifying an agent's knowledge and for exchanging information between agents. Effective communication between agents using different ontologies, however, requires determining the semantic interoperability, i.e., the agreement between the two agent's ontologies. Ontology matching is essential for the process of merging or aligning ontologies and for effective communication between agents. We present a survey of several proposals for ontology matching and develop a framework for the process of ontology comparison from several different levels and views. The role of fuzzy set theory in measuring the quality of the match between two ontologies is examined
Broadband Fast-Wave Propagation in a Non-Foster Circuit Loaded Waveguide

Frequency independent fast-wave (FW) propagation with phase velocity greater than the speed of light can be ideally realized in a dielectric medium whose relative permittivity is positive, but less than 1. Conventionally, FW propagation is implemented by non-TEM waveguides or antiresonance-based metamaterials, which suffers from the narrow bandwidth due to the dispersion. In contrast, non-Foster circuits provide a brand new method for reducing the dispersion so as to broaden the bandwidth. This paper demonstrates broadband FW propagation in a microstrip line that is periodically loaded with non-Foster circuits. Discrete transistor-based non-Foster circuits functioning as negative capacitors are successfully designed with the novel modified negative impedance converter circuits. A -10-pF negative capacitor over a bandwidth of 10-150 MHz has been implemented. The fabricated circuits have been integrated into a microstrip line to form a FW waveguide. The retrieved phase velocity of the effective medium from the measured S-parameters characterizes a stable and causal FW medium with constant phase velocity of 1.2c from 60 to 120 MHz, and this has been further verified by Kramers-Kronig relations and the near-field measurements along the waveguide. In conclusion, a stable, causal, and broadband FW waveguide has been achieved by means of transistor-based non-Foster circuits. The implemented broadband FW propagation can potentially be applied in broadband leaky-wave antennas and cloaking techniques.
Vampire squid: detritivores in the oxygen minimum zone

Vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) are considered phylogenetic relics with cephalopod features of both octopods and squids. They lack feeding tentacles, but in addition to their eight arms, they have two retractile filaments, the exact functions of which have puzzled scientists for years. We present the results of investigations on the feeding ecology and behaviour of Vampyroteuthis, which include extensive in situ, deep-sea video recordings from MBARI's remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), laboratory feeding experiments, diet studies and morphological examinations of the retractile filaments, the arm suckers and cirri. Vampire squid were found to feed on detrital matter of various sizes, from small particles to larger marine aggregates. Ingested items included the remains of gelatinous zooplankton, discarded larvacean houses, crustacean remains, diatoms and faecal pellets. Both ROV observations and laboratory experiments led to the conclusion that vampire squid use their retractile filaments for the capture of food, supporting the hypothesis that the filaments are homologous to cephalopod arms. Vampyroteuthis' feeding behaviour is unlike any other cephalopod, and reveals a unique adaptation that allows these animals to spend most of their life at depths where oxygen concentrations are very low, but where predators are few and typical cephalopod food is scarce.
Radiative pion absorption in complex nuclei

We consider the process in which the nuclear absorption of a bound negative pion leads to the emission of a high-energy photon for the cases of nickel and tin. It is confirmed that this process will preferentially excite spin-isospin states in the final nucleus that are the isobaric analogs of states in the giant-resonance region of the initial nucleus. The distribution of spin-isospin strength among the states considered is presented, and it is found that the strength is considerably less fragmented than was the case for radiative pion absorption in calcium and zirconium.
The impact of the combination of income and education on the incidence of coronary heart disease in the prospective Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study

We investigated the association between income-education groups and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a national prospective cohort study. The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study recruited 30,239 black and white community-dwelling adults between 2003 and 2007 and collected participant-reported and in-home physiologic variables at baseline, with expert adjudicated CHD endpoints during follow-up. Mutually exclusive income-education groups were: low income (annual household income <$35,000)/low education (< high school), low income/high education, high income/low education, and high income/high education. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) for incident CHD for each exposure group, examining differences by age group. At baseline, 24,461 participants free of CHD experienced 809 incident CHD events through December 31, 2011 (median follow-up 6.0 years; interquartile range 4.5–7.3 years). Those with low income/low education had the highest incidence of CHD (10.1 [95 % CI 8.4–12.1]/1000 person-years). After full adjustment, those with low income/low education had higher risk of incident CHD (HR 1.42 [95 % CI: 1.14–1.76]) than those with high income/high education, but findings varied by age. Among those aged <65 years, compared with those reporting high income/high education, risk of incident CHD was significantly higher for those reporting low income/low education and low income/high education (adjusted HR 2.07 [95 % CI 1.42–3.01] and 1.69 [95 % CI 1.30–2.20], respectively). Those aged ≥65 years, risk of incident CHD was similar across income-education groups after full adjustment. For younger individuals, low income, regardless of education, was associated with higher risk of CHD, but not observed for ≥65 years. Findings suggest that for younger participants, education attainment may not overcome the disadvantage conferred by low income in terms of CHD risk, whereas among those ≥65 years, the independent effects of income and education are less pronounced.
Mapping and functional analysis of an instability element in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a key regulatory enzyme of renal gluconeogenesis. The 3′-nontranslated region of the PEPCK mRNA contains an instability element that facilitates its rapid turnover and contributes to the regulation of PEPCK gene expression. Such processes are mediated by specific protein-binding elements. Thus RNA gel shift analysis was used to identify proteins in rat renal cortical cytosolic extracts that bind to the 3′-nontranslated region of the PEPCK mRNA. Deletion constructs were then used to map the binding interactions to two adjacent RNA segments (PEPCK-6 and PEPCK-7). However, competition experiments established that only the binding to PEPCK-7 was specific. Functional studies were performed by cloning similar segments in a luciferase reporter construct, pLuc/Zeo. This analysis indicated that both PEPCK-6 and PEPCK-7 segments were necessary to produce a decrease in luciferase activity equivalent to that observed with the full-length 3′-nontranslated region. Thus the P...
Fellows Address: Are Industry Clusters and Diversity Strange Bedfellows?

In this address, I review industry clustering and diversification strategies to compare and contrast their underlying foundations. The lack of consensus choice of one or the other for regional economic development strategies along with the recognition that in the dynamic process of development these two processes are related leads me to conclude that clusters and diversity need not be such strange bedfellows after all, and that a rational approach to economic development can leverage the strengths of each and offset weaknesses. I follow this discussion by introducing a cluster assessment diversification strategy (CADS) apparatus that can be used to measure existing cluster strength, to identify industrial strengths and deficit bottlenecks, and to explore the regional consequences of potential cluster diversification strategies.
Exact Solutions of the Schrödinger Equation

In classical mechanics the problem of determining the forms of potential function which permit solution in terms of known functions received considerable attention. The present paper is a partial study of the same problem in quantum mechanics. A method is given for determining the forms of potential function which permit an exact solution of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation in terms of series whose coefficients are related by either two or three term recursion formulas. The more interesting expressions for the potential energy have been tabulated. A correspondence is found between these solutions and the solutions of the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation. It is shown that whenever the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is soluble in terms of circular or exponential functions, the corresponding Schr\"odinger equation is soluble in terms of a series whose coefficients are related by a two-term recursion formula. Whenever the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is soluble in terms of elliptic functions, the corresponding Schr\"odinger equation is soluble in terms of a series whose coefficients are related by a three-term recursion formula. For the first case the quantized values of the energy are found by restricting the series to a polynomial and in the second by finding the roots of a continued fraction. A brief discussion of the technique of solution of continued fractions is given.
Multifactor modeling of emotional and behavioral risk of preschool-age children

Screening for emotional and behavioral risk has become more prevalent with young children; however, not much is known about the latent structure for many of the brief instruments currently being used to assess children. Information concerning the latent structure of an instrument is necessary to support use of the scoring information. The underlying structure of the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System, Teacher Rating Form-Preschool (Kamphaus & Reynolds, 2007) was investigated. A sample of ratings of more than 1,400 preschoolers was used to test 4 different confirmatory factor analysis models: (a) unidimensional model, (b) correlated factor model, (c) higher order factor model, and (d) bifactor model. Results showed support for the bifactor model, suggesting that an overall score is useful for interpreting preschoolers' level of emotional and behavioral risk. Relationships between items and the maladaptive risk general factor varied according to content area.
Research progress on indica/japonica rice cross breeding

Indica/japonica rice cross breeding suggested different meaning from utilization of indica/japonica rice heterosis.The terminologies,the theories and the practice of related breeding were reviewed.The studies on locus for hybrid sterility could be used to direct indica/japonica rice cross breeding.The indica/japonica rice cross breeding in Guangdong was introduced.To enlarge progeny population was potential effective approach in indica/japonica rice cross breeding and the method was put into practice.