cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiscale ceramic matrix composite thermomechanical damage model with fracture mechanics and internal state variables

Abstract This work presents a multiscale damage model that accounts for ceramic matrix composite (CMC) length scale dependent behavior, including scale-specific brittle matrix damage initiation and propagation. Internal state variable theory is implemented to obtain the stress–strain constitutive relationship for damaged ceramic matrix material using damage variables which capture the effects of matrix cracking and nucleation and growth of matrix porosity. Matrix cracking is modeled using a damage variable determined using fracture mechanics and the self-consistent scheme. This methodology provides an effective way to model the effects of matrix cracks which initiate when stress intensity factors exceed the fracture toughness of the material, and whose growth is governed by crack growth kinetics. An additional source of material nonlinearity, matrix porosity, occurs as a result of material diffusion around grain boundaries and is related to the material entropy dissipation. These effects are captured using a porosity state variable that is explicitly related to the volumetric strain. The nonlinear predictive capabilities of the material model are demonstrated for monolithic silicon carbide, unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber/silicon carbide matrix (C/SiC) CMC, and five-harness satin (5HS) woven C/SiC CMC. The model predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental observations for 2D woven C/SiC CMCs from literature.
A Novel Approach to Music Genre Classification using Natural Language Processing and Spark

With the advent of digitized music, many online streaming companies such as Spotify have capitalized on a listener’s need for a common stream platform. An essential component of such a platform is the recommender systems that suggest the constituent user base, related tracks, albums and artists. In order to sustain such a recommender system, labeling data, to indicate which genre it belongs to is essential. Most recent academic publications that deal with music genre classification focus on the use of deep neural networks developed and applied within the music genre classification domain. This paper attempts to use some of the highly sophisticated techniques, such as Hierarchical Attention Networks that exist within the text classification domain in order to classify tracks of different genres. In order to do this, the music is first separated into different tracks (drums, vocals, bass and accompaniment) and converted into symbolic text data. Due to the sophistication of the distributed machine learning system present in this paper, it is capable of classifying contemporary genres with impressive accuracy, when comparing the results with that of competing classifiers. It is also argued that through the use text classification, the expert knowledge which musicians and people involved with musicological techniques, can be attracted to improving recommender systems within the music information retrieval research domain.
Increased APOEε4 expression is associated with reactive A1 astrocytes and the difference in Alzheimer Disease risk from diverse ancestral backgrounds

APOEϵ4 African local genomic ancestry (LA) confers less risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) relative to European LA (LA) carriers. Single nucleus RNA sequencing from AD-APOEϵ4/4 frontal cortex found European LA carriers have a 1.45-fold greater APOEϵ4 expression (p
HumidOSH: A self-contained environmental chamber with controls for relative humidity and fan speed

Abstract Relative humidity can affect physical, biological, and chemical changes in biological samples through modification of water activity and is also known to be important in the fabrication of sensitive electronic devices. The HumidOSH is a free, open source, and self-contained system for creating a controlled relative humidity environment within the range of 3 to 97% with a 0.2% tolerance. Each HumidOSH unit also comes with a fan with adjustable fan rotational speed to improve moisture uniformity inside the chamber. The system includes many additional features such as glove ports for manipulating samples, a sample door for transferring objects in and out of the system, ceiling lights for illuminating the work area inside the chamber, and two-point calibration for the relative humidity sensor. While relative humidity and fan rotational speed readings are displayed in real-time on the built-in user-friendly interface, the readings can also be recorded through a USB connection to a laptop or computer and the optional computer program. The design files, source code, and build instructions of the HumidOSH can be accessed at https://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WCKHM .
Present and future frameworks of theoretical neuroscience: outcomes of a community discussion

We organized a workshop on the "Present and Future Frameworks of Theoretical Neuroscience", with the support of the National Science Foundation. The objective was to identify the challenges and strategies that this field will need to tackle in order to incorporate vast and multi-scale streams of experimental data from the technologies developed by the BRAIN initiative. The participants, divided in workgroups, identified five key areas that, while not exhaustive, cover multiple aspects of current challenges needed to be developed: Dynamics-statistics; multi-scale integration; coding; brain-body integration; and structure of neuroscience theories. While each area is different, there were coincidences on finding theoretical paths to incorporate biophysics, energetics, and ethology with more abstract coding and computational approaches. Each workgroup has continued to work after the meeting to develop the ideas seeded there, which are started to being published. Here, we provide a perspective of the discussions of each workgroup that point to building on the present foundations of theoretical neuroscience and extend them by incorporating multi-scale information with the objective of providing mechanistic insights into the nervous system.
1.03 – Big Geodata

Big Geodata are voluminous, near-real-time, and obtained from a variety of sources. Interest in Big Geodata derives in part from current interest in related topics, including the Fourth Paradigm, open data and software, and the changing nature of science. Some of its impacts are disruptive, including the accelerating rate of publication and the lifting of volume restrictions on disseminated results. Spatial prediction is a logical but to date largely unexploited possibility of Big Geodata. High-performance computing may finally have come of age in the era of Big Geodata, while tools of synthesis will need much further development.
Evaluation of renal and hepatic blood value screening before non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration in dogs

Objectives To evaluate the potential association between signalment, history and physical examination findings and elevated renal and hepatic blood values before non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration in dogs. Secondary objectives were to investigate clinicopathologic differences between dogs that were and were not prescribed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Materials and methods Medical records of 81 dogs that underwent renal and hepatic blood value screening before drug administration via a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug blood panel were reviewed retrospectively. Patient signalment, history and physical examination findings were recorded. Results Six (7%) dogs had an elevated blood urea nitrogen, 2 (2%) dogs had an elevated creatinine, 24 (30%) dogs had an elevated alanine aminotransferase, 29 (36%) had an elevated aspartate aminotransferase and 14 (17%) had an elevated alkaline phosphatase. Forty-five (56%) dogs had an elevation in at least 1 renal or hepatic blood value. Dogs less than 8 years of age and with a longer duration of clinical signs were less likely to have an elevated renal or hepatic blood value. Dogs with elevated hepatic blood values were less likely to be prescribed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; however, this was not true for elevated renal parameters alone. Clinical significance The results of this preliminary study suggest that blood value screening before non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration may be important for dogs greater than 8 years of age. Hepatic enzyme elevations may play a greater role in clinical decision making in comparison to renal parameters.
Lanthanide-Based Nanosensors: Refining Nanoparticle Responsiveness for Single Particle Imaging of Stimuli

Lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising sensors of chemical, mechanical, and temperature changes; they combine the narrow-spectral emission and long-lived excited states of individual lanthanide ions with the high spatial resolution and controlled energy transfer of nanocrystalline architectures. Despite considerable progress in optimizing LNP brightness and responsiveness for dynamic sensing, detection of stimuli with a spatial resolution approaching that of individual nanoparticles remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we highlight the existing capabilities and outstanding challenges of LNP sensors, en-route to nanometer-scale, single particle sensor resolution. First, we summarize LNP sensor read-outs, including changes in emission wavelength, lifetime, intensity, and spectral ratiometric values that arise from modified energy transfer networks within nanoparticles. Then, we describe the origins of LNP sensor imprecision, including sensitivity to competing conditions, interparticle heterogeneities, such as the concentration and distribution of dopant ions, and measurement noise. Motivated by these sources of signal variance, we describe synthesis characterization feedback loops to inform and improve sensor precision, and introduce noise-equivalent sensitivity as a figure of merit of LNP sensors. Finally, we project the magnitudes of chemical and pressure stimulus resolution achievable with single LNPs at nanoscale resolution. Our perspective provides a roadmap for translating ensemble LNP sensing capabilities to the single particle level, enabling nanometer-scale sensing in biology, medicine, and sustainability.
Abstract 13598: The G-protein BetaGamma Subunits Regulate Platelet Function

Platelet activation involves tightly regulated processes to ensure a proper hemostasis response, but when unbalanced, can lead to pathological consequences such as thrombus formation. G-protein cou...
J–V Decoupling: Independent Control over Current and Potential in Electrocatalysis

This report details an approach for circumventing the current–potential coupling constraints present in traditional electrochemical voltammetry. Specifically, a light-dependent method for expanding...
The Infrastructural Sublime and Imperial Landscape Aesthetics: Robert Southey, Poet Laureate, and Thomas Telford, Father of Civil Engineering

The following essay turns to Britain’s imperial past to unravel a knotty link between celebrations of Britain’s civil infrastructure and Romantic authors’ accounts of poetic prowess. Although the r...
Data Visualizations for Interdisciplinary Communication in HFE

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) academic and professional communities emphasize an interdisciplinary approach to help solve complex problems, particularly for New Product Development (NPD). Data visualization is an effective way of understanding complex data and information. The HFE research community has traditionally used static explanatory graphics to communicate with other disciplines and to support publications and conference presentations. These graphics are typically designed for collaborators and audiences that are familiar with the underlying data or graphical form. While there have been multiple attempts at visually communicating HFE concepts and data to other disciplines, not many attempts have been made to utilize spatio-temporal visualizations to understand the dynamic HFE data. The utilization of the visualized HFE data that are easily consumable in an interdisciplinary team will stimulate the effective application of HFE in NPD. This can also help interdisciplinary teams as well as university students studying tangential subjects like Industrial Design understand this data in order to facilitate NPD. The purpose of this study is to explore data visualization approaches that will help HFE professionals to effectively communicate HFE data to collaborators outside their disciplinary expertise. We conducted a literature review of existing static and dynamic anthropometric data visualizations that have been used by HFE professionals to communicate the results of ergonomic studies. Additionally, we used datasets from a previous intervention design study to develop spatio-temporal visualization examples. Our examples use three-dimensional space as well as the temporal nature of the digital medium in order to communicate a complete picture of the data in a cohesive manner. We developed these examples using the Processing programming language. The developed examples will be utilized to examine the effectiveness of data consumption from non HFE professionals, such as industrial designers, in future studies.
Location-Based Mobile Applications Usage Behavior: Beware the Power of the Dark Side

Location-based mobile applications (LBAs) has emerged as one of the most used feature of smartphones. Although several prior researchers have studied the location sharing behavior, there is limited study of the risks and benefits of using LBAs. We showed two main usage behavior on LBAs are unrestricted and restricted. In this study, we explore different aspects of related risks (financial, privacy, time) and benefits (utilitarian, hedonic) in the context of LBAs. In addition, building upon the theory of planned behavior (TPB) we propose a theoretical risk/benefit model to anticipate LBA two usage behaviors. We collected two sets of data (survey and online reviews of LBA) and then we used the text mining approach to analyze location-based (spatial) behavioral information. The results of our study contribute to both theory and practice in information systems (IS) literature.
A Time for Talk and a Time for Silence

The computer stores mountains of information which it communicates worldwide through an enormous bandwidth. We must learn to exercise severe, intelligent selectivity in mining our data mountains, and to communicate information in ways that will inform and not bury the recipients.
The birth of modern packaging: Cartons, cans and bottles

Purpose – During a short two‐decade period (1879‐1903) processes for making food packages – paperboard cartons, tinplate cans and glass bottles – were mechanized by American inventor/entrepreneurs Robert Gair, Edwin Norton and Michael Owens, respectively. This paper aims to describe the context for packaged, processed food at the time, and to explore the men, their inventions, and the modern packaging industry that they collectively developed.Design/methodology/approach – Biographies and patents were reviewed as well as contemporaneous and retrospective trade publications, newspapers, censuses and commentary.Findings – Packaging's industrial revolution played a key role in the development of modern marketing. Mass‐produced cartons, cans and bottles collectively became building blocks for mass markets. By the time of the first supermarket in 1920, annual sales of packaged breakfast cereal, crackers, biscuits, canned fruits and vegetables, preserves, soft drinks and other prepared foods had increased by 60‐...
Limits in the uniform ultrafilters

Let u(ri) be the space of uniform ultrafilters on Es. If s is regular, then there is an x C u(s) which is not an accumulation point of any subset of u(s) of size s or less. x is also good, in the sense of Keisler.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. XLIX: The mass spectrometric fragmentation of 5α-androstan-11-one. Synthesis of 19-d1-5α-androstan-11-one

Abstract The preparation of 19-d 1 -5α-androstan-11-one is reported. The mass spectrum of this compound has given further insight into the complex manner in which 5α-androstan-11-one fragments upon electron Impact.
L 3 : A Linear Language with Locations

We present a simple, but expressive type system that supports strong updates - updating a memory cell to hold values of unrelated types at different points in time. Our formulation is based upon a standard linear lambda calculus and, as a result, enjoys a simple semantic interpretation for types that is closely related to models for spatial logics. The typing interpretation is strong enough that, in spite of the fact that our core programming language supports shared, mutable references and cyclic graphs, every well-typed program terminates. We then consider extensions needed to model ML-style references, where the capability to access a reference cell is unrestricted, but strong updates are disallowed. Our extensions include a thaw primitive for re-gaining the capability to perform strong updates on unrestricted references. The thaw primitive is closely related to other mechanisms that support strong updates, such as CQUAL's restrict.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy for low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis

Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis is a heterogeneous entity that encompasses truly severe aortic stenosis as well as mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis in which aortic valve orifice area is severely reduced primarily due to left ventricular (LV) contractile dysfunction. Under such circumstances the capacity of the LV to generate stroke-work is severely compromised. In this case report, we describe a patient with severe LV dysfunction and ventricular dyssynchrony due to right ventricular pacing who presented with decompensated heart failure in the setting of low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis. We discuss the management of this high-operative-risk patient, who ultimately underwent upgrading of his dual chamber pacemaker to a biventricular pacemaker with significant echocardiographic, haemodynamic, and clinical improvement.
Scattering of Object Buried below Random Rough Surface—A Monte Carlo Pseudospectral Time-Domain Approach

Absract This article presents a numerical technique combining the multi-domain pseudospectral time-domain method and the Monte Carlo method for determining the scattering of an object buried below a random rough surface separating two half-spaces. The numerical technique is employed to determine the scattering of a cylinder buried below a random rough surface of finite length under various conditions. Sample numerical results are presented, validated, and analyzed. The results illustrate the significant impact of the roughness of the surface and the electromagnetic properties of the lower half-space on the scattered signature of the buried cylinder.
Trauma Among Unaccompanied Homeless Youth: The Integration of Street Culture into a Model of Intervention

Homeless adolescents comprise a population particularly vulnerable to developing symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Research has shown that prevalence of trauma-related symptoms among homeless youth living in shelters and on the streets without families is approximately 18%. The detrimental effects of traumatic experiences often inhibit homeless youths' ability to employ the psychosocial skills necessary to a transition out of homelessness. Consequently, interventions targeting the mitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms among this population are crucial. This article aims to address the symptoms and needs of unaccompanied homeless youth who experience post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology and offers a strength-based intervention framework for understanding, identifying, and beginning to address trauma-related mental health needs within the cultural context and experience of youth homelessness.
Anterior–posterior asymmetry in iris mechanics measured by indentation

Abstract Indentation and histological analysis of the porcine iris were done to assess the relative stiffness of the anterior (stroma) and posterior (dilator and sphincter) layers. The dimensions of the constituent structures were documented histologically by staining with a monoclonal anti-human α-smooth muscle actin antibody to determine the location of the stroma, sphincter, and dilator. Intact porcine irides (4–8 h post-mortem) were bisected into two equal C-shaped halves to indent both surfaces. Indentation experiments were performed using a 1 mm cylindrical indenter tip. The load–displacement curve for each experiment was used to estimate effective instantaneous and equilibrium moduli for the anterior and posterior surfaces of the tissue. A total of 18 irides (9 pairs) with 3–5 indentations per iris surface was performed. The average thickness of the samples was 550 μm; the indentation depth was limited to 60–100 μm depending on the thickness of the sample at each point. Posterior surface indentation gave larger forces than anterior, with the resulting instantaneous modulus of 6.0 ± 0.6 kPa versus 4.0 ± 0.5 kPa (mean ± 95% CI, n = 45, p
Equalization of reflectance of parallel-polarized electromagnetic plane waves at normal and oblique incidence of interfaces between transparent media and its use for measurement of the dielectric constant

A new angle of incidence of significance, when considering the reflection of electromagnetic waves at interfaces between transparent media, is defined. At this angle, denoted by φe, the reflection coefficient of parallel-polarized radiation is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the reflection coefficient at normal incidence. No similar angle exists for the perpendicular polarization. If e is the relative dielectric constant, i.e., the ratio of the dielectric constant of the medium of refraction to that of the medium of incidence, we find that tan φe=(e2+e)1/2. Measurement of φe, by equalization of the absolute (intensity) reflectances at normal and oblique incidence, allows e to be determined using the inverse relation e=(tan2φe+1/4)1/2−1/2.
Ab initio calculation of force constants and full phonon dispersions.

We present a method to calculate the full phonon spectrum using the local-density approximation and Hellmann-Feynman forces. By a limited number of supercell calculations of the planar force constants, the interatomic force constant matrices are determined. One can then construct the dynamical matrix for any arbitrary wave vector in the Brillouin zone. We describe in detail the procedure for elements in the diamond structure and derive the phonon dispersion curves for Si. The anharmonic effects can also be studied by the present method.
Wave Functions in Momentum Space

The integral equation, satisfied by the momentum-space wave function $\ensuremath{\varphi}(p)$ for a nonrelativistic two-body problem with a phenomenological central interaction potential, is solved by means of an iteration method. A general prescription is given for finding suitable trial wave functions, which depend on some adjustable parameters. Reasonable values for these parameters are found by iteration of the wave function for particularly convenient values of the momentum. Successive iterations, giving better approximations ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{n}(p)$ for $\ensuremath{\varphi}(p)$, are carried out in a form suitable for numerical work. Besides ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{n}(p)$, approximations are obtained for (a) the binding energy for certain bound states and (b) the phase shifts for scattering problems. For scattering at fairly low energies reasonable approximations are obtained with the same method both for weak and for fairly strong potentials.Extensions of the method are discussed for (a) two-body problems including tensor forces, (b) simple three-body problems, and (c) a relativistic equation for the two-body problem.
Inhibition of glycoprotein secretion by ethanol and acetaldehyde in rat liver slices.

Abstract The effects of ethanol and its metabolites on glycoprotein secretion were investigated in rat liver slices. A pulse-chase system was used to study the influence of these agents on glycoprotein secretion independently of their effects on synthesis. When ethanol (10 mM) was present in the incubation medium, the secretion of [ 14 C]leucine- and [ 14 C]glucosamine-prelabeled proteins into the medium was inhibited. The secretion of glycoproteins, that were prelabeled in the terminal positions of the oligosaccharide side chain with [ 14 C]fucose or [ 14 C]galactose, was also inhibited by ethanol. When low concentrations of acetaldehyde, similar to levels generated during in vivo ethanol oxidation, were maintained in the medium by infusion, the secretion of [ 14 C]leucine-, [ 14 C]glucosamine- and [ 14 C]fucoseprelabeled glycoproteins was impaired. Acetate (1 and 5 mM) did not affect the secretion of prelabeled glycoproteins. Colchicine (50 μM), an agent known to block the secretion of completed glycoproteins, behaved in a manner similar to ethanol in inhibiting the secretion of glycoproteins in our system. These results indicate that ethanol via its metabolite, acetaldehyde, impairs the secretion of glycoproteins by the liver and suggest that this impairment follows the attachment of the terminal monosaccharides in the Golgi membrane.
Bridging Cultures: Child Psychiatry via Videoconferencing

Although telepsychiatry can increase access to care for underserved populations, its use presents challenges to practicing culturally competent care, especially when high degrees of cultural disparity exist between the psychiatrist and the patient and/or family. Psychiatrists delivering care from a distance may be challenged to understand the health beliefs and practices of the local community as well as the social and community settings of clients from different cultural backgrounds. Similarly, because providing services via telepsychiatry typically requires the involvement of different health care organizations, bridging distinct institutional cultures can challenge the effective delivery of services. Cultural awareness and sensitivity from the telepsychiatrist are prerequisites for helping culturally diverse and remote-dwelling patients to access quality care. This article elucidates cultural challenges encountered in the practice of telepsychiatry and offers suggestions for how to deal with them.
Natural convection in fluid–superposed porous layers heated locally from below

Abstract A numerical study of two-dimensional natural convection in fluid–superposed porous layers heated locally from below is reported based on the one-domain formulation of the conservation equations. The effects of five dimensionless parameters on overall Nusselt number are investigated: Rayleigh number based on overall layer height, heater-to-cavity length ratio, porous layer-to-cavity height ratio, domain aspect ratio, and Darcy number. Streamline and isotherm patterns indicate that convective motion is restricted to the overlying fluid layer with some penetration into the porous layer. Nusselt numbers increase with a decrease in the heater length and height ratio, and increase with the Darcy number. The size of the heat source does not affect the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on height ratio and Darcy number. For domains with large aspect ratios, complex flow restructuring is observed with an increase in Rayleigh number. The present results represent an extension of the well studied problem of buoyant convection in fluid–superposed porous layers with a fully heated lower surface.
Limited-incision face lift technique.

Background For the past 4 decades, the full subcutaneous face lift has been the procedure of choice for treatment of the facial effects of aging. Objective We report the use of a less invasive procedure, the limited-incision face lift technique (LIFT), in a series of 1000 patients from January 1991 through January 2001. Methods Each of the LIFT procedures was performed while the patient was under intravenous sedation and local field block infiltration; no narcotics were administered. Suction-assisted lipoplasty was used to defat the submental area and jowls, except in cases of prominent platysmal bands in the erect position, when open lipoplasty was performed. Undermining was carried medially 5 to 6 cm from the preauricular incision throughout the cheek and over the mandible to the submental area. The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) was then developed distally; redundant SMAS tissue was resected at the apex of the closure and along its posterior border, followed by plication and closure. Results Patients were pleased with the operative experience and surgical results. Complications included 6 cases of hematoma that required surgical drainage. There were also numerous small collections. In addition, development of skin ripples behind the ear lobule occurred in some patients early in the series but virtually disappeared as we gained experience in the procedure. The necessity for immediate neck lifts as an additional procedure occurred in 6 early patients but was eliminated by careful patient evaluation for neck skin laxity later in the series. Conclusions The LIFT is an alternative to the traditional face lift. Advantages include limited incision and scar as well as excellent correction of nasolabial folds, cheek laxity, jowls, and redundant submental skin and fat. It is not indicated for patients with significant lower neck skin laxity.
The constitution of plutonium-rich plutonium-hafnium alloys☆

Abstract The phase equilibria of plutonium-hafnium alloys in the composition range 0–10 at % Hf have been investigated by the methods of X-ray diffraction, microscopy, dilatometry and thermal analysis. The maximum solubilities of hafnium in ePu and δPu were found to be about 7 at %, in δ'Pu about 1 at %, and in γPu and βPu less than 0.5 at %. Both the δ5 and β phases can be retained to room temperature in a metastable condition. Two plutonium-rich intermediate phases are formed peritectoidally : 1. (1) the ζ phase at about 3 at % Hf and 270 °C by the reaction γPu + θ й ζ , and (2) the θ phase at about 6.5 at % Hf and 341 °C by the reaction δPu + αHf й θ . Both intermediate phases appear to be stable at room temperature.
Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of C10-C16n-paraffins, isoparaffins and α-olefins in a low-temperature coal tar

Abstract 21 C 10 -C 16 hydrocarbons, 7 each of n -paraffins, 2-methyl alkanes and α-olefins, were identified in a low-temparature bituminous coal tar by means of gas-liquid chromatography. Quantitative determinations were made on all of these constituents. It was found that the curves for the plots of logarithms of relative retention against normal boiling points for C 10 -C 16 n -paraffins and α-ole fins are parallel. A similar parallel curve for the 2-mathyl alkane series was derivred, using the Known point for 2-methyl decane. This correlation curve was used for the identification of several 2-methyl alkalnes. Naphthenes and trans -olefins were found in small amounts.
An exploratory study into factors of service quality for application service providers

An examination of the services offered by application service providers (ASPs) indicates that their current service quality needs to be improved to satisfy current and future clients. This study attempted to fulfill this need by identifying the dimensions of service quality for the ASP industry through both qualitative and quantitative approaches. As a result, seven dimensions were identified (features, availability, reliability, assurance, empathy, conformance, and security). In addition, an initial checklist was developed to help ASPs assess and diagnose their service quality performance. Some insights and implications to the ASP practitioners were also discussed.
Activation of a paramyxovirus fusion protein is modulated by inside-out signaling from the cytoplasmic tail

Many viruses have evolved fusion-mediating glycoproteins that couple the energy released from irreversible protein refolding to the work of membrane fusion. The viral fusion proteins require a triggering event to undergo a cascade of tightly regulated conformational changes. Different isolates of the paramyxovirus SV5 fusion (F) protein have either a short (20-residue) or long (42-residue) cytoplasmic tail (CT), and a long CT suppresses fusion activity in a sequence-specific manner. Addition of a domain to the F protein CT, which has the propensity to form a three-helix bundle, stabilizes the F protein and increases the energy required for fusion activation. Quantitative cell–cell fusion assays and measurement of ectodomain conformation by monoclonal antibody reactivity indicate that this suppression of fusion by the long CT or addition of a three-helix bundle occurs at a step preceding initial membrane merger. The data suggest that F protein activation involves CT signaling to the ectodomain.
Moving a Library

Cameron writes about the complexity of moving from the Voohees Library to the new University Library (later known as the Alexander Library), in 1956.
Therapeutic Mirror Interventions: An Integrated Review of the Literature

The mirror is an object that shows one a reflected image of body areas. There appears to be limited nursing literature about the role of a nurse in the use of a mirror. There is, however, literature of the therapeutic use of mirrors in medicine, neurology, psychiatry, psychology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and rheumatology. The objective of this article is to review the basic elements and the underlying theoretical framework of mirror interventions. In 2007 to 2008, a keyword, abstract, and title search was conducted for therapeutic mirror studies between the years 1998 and 2008. A multidisciplinary, integrated review approach was used when it became apparent that there were limited nursing studies. Qualitative and quantitative strategies for reviewing evidence were used, and a narrative synthesis approach was used to guide the comprehensive synthesis. Underlying theoretical models were identified, and five elements of mirror interventions were synthesized from the literature.
Sodium hypochlorite-related injury with chronic pain sequelae.

ABSTRACT Background. A 29-year-old woman visited a general dental residency clinic with a complaint of severe aching and burning facial pain with occasional sharp stabbing pain and persistent numbness. The symptoms had been present for seven months after sudden onset during endodontic irrigation with sodium hypchlorite. She was evaluated and treated by one of the authors, who was trained in orofacial pain management. Case Description. The patient reported experiencing debilitating symptoms since the hypochlorite injury. She had been treated with methylprednisolone followed by antiseizure, anti-inflammatory and opioid medications prescribed by a neurologist. Examination and testing revealed static and dynamic mechanical allodynia along with neurological deficits on the left side of the face, implicating both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. The orofacial pain clinician made a diagnosis of peripheral painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy involving all three branches of the left trigeminal nerve. The addition of an oral neurosensory stent and modification of medications reduced the patient's pain, resulting in improved function and quality of life. Practical Implications. Sodium hypochlorite irrigation may lead to injury and persistent neuropathic pain. Diagnosis and management of chronic orofacial pain require an understanding of pain mechanisms and appropriate treatment options. A multidisciplinary approach with clear communication among the general dentist, dental specialists, primary care physician and medical specialists often is necessary.
Accessible intrachain disulfide bonds in hybrids of light chains.

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of the Mcg λ-type Bence-Jones dimer crystallized in ammonium sulfate is known at 2.3-A resolution. A series of nine other human λ-chains and two κ-chains did not crystallize under the same conditions. After these proteins were hybridized with the Mcg light chain by the method of Peabody et al. [Biochemistry, 19, 2827 (1980)], however, crystals of six heterodimers were produced. Two of these (Mcg × Weir and Mcg × Hud) were suitable for X-ray analysis. The non-Mcg parental molecules in four of the crystallizable hybrids showed aberrant electrophoretic behavior after treatment with mild reducing agents. The results suggest that the intrachain ddisulfide bond in at least one domain (probably the variable domain) was susceptible to mild reductive cleavage in a significant proportion of light chains. Moreover, the loosening of the domain structure resulting from such disulfide cleavage in one parent appeared to promote the tendency of a hybrid molecule to crystallize.
Phonological Accuracy and Intelligibility in Connected Speech of Boys With Fragile X Syndrome or Down Syndrome

Purpose To compare the phonological accuracy and speech intelligibility of boys with fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD), fragile X syndrome only (FXS-O), Down syndrome (DS),...
Discovering Sparse Covariance Structures With the Isomap

Regularization of covariance matrices in high dimensions usually either is based on a known ordering of variables or ignores the ordering entirely. This article proposes a method for discovering meaningful orderings of variables based on their correlations using the Isomap, a nonlinear dimension reduction technique designed for manifold embeddings. These orderings are then used to construct a sparse covariance estimator, which is block-diagonal and/or banded. Finding an ordering to which banding can be applied is desirable because banded estimators have been shown to be consistent in high dimensions. We show that in situations where the variables do have such a structure, the Isomap does very well at discovering it, and the resulting regularized estimator performs better for covariance estimation than other regularization methods that ignore variable order, such as thresholding. We also propose a bootstrap approach to constructing the neighborhood graph used by the Isomap, and show it leads to better esti...
HL-20 structural design comparison - Conformal shell versus cylindrical crew compartment

Extensive studies have been performed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) on personnel launch systems (PLS) concepts. The primary mission of a PLS is the transport of Space Station crew members from Earth to the Space Station and return. The NASA LaRC PLS studies have led to the design of a lifting body configuration named the HL-20. In this study, two different HL-20 structural configurations are evaluated. The two configurations are deemed the conformal shell and the cylindrical crew compartment. The configurations are based on two different concerns for maintenance and operations. One configuration allows for access to subsystems while on-orbit from the interior, while the other allows for easy access to the subsystems during ground maintenance and operations. For each concept, the total structural weight required to sustain the applied loads is quantified through a structural evaluation. Structural weight for both configurations is compared along with the particular attributes of each. Analyses of both configurations indicate no appreciable weight or load relief advantage of one concept over the other. Maintainability and operability, therefore become the primary discriminator, leading to a choice of a crew compartment configuration.
Graft union characteristics of M.26 apple rootstock combined with ‘Red Delicious’ strains — Morphological and anatomical development

Abstract This investigation records initial callus development within the graft union and the formation of vascular tissues during the first year's growth of two strains of spur types of ‘Red Delicious’ when combined with the M.26 rootstock. The differing components of stock and scion initiated a meristem at the union of tissues. This was accompanied by swirling of vascular elements continuing from a horizontal into a longitudinal orientation from the original disorganized cambium. Areas within the graft union have been designated as to callus formation, starch-grain accumulation and xylem-ray proliferation by light and scanning electron microscopy.
Sulfated flavonoids and leaf morphology of the Halophila ovalis―H. minor complex (Hydrocharitaceae) in the Pacific Islands and Australia

Abstract Sulfated flavonoids showed a systematic pattern among Halophila populations of the Pacific and Australia. Large-leaved plants, typical of H. ovalis (R.Br.) Hook. f ., in the Palau Islands (Belau) and in Australia contained sulfated flavonoids, but small-leaved plants that have received various treatments under H. ovalis , including ssp. bullosa (Setchell) den Hartog and ssp. hawaiiana (Doty & Stone) den Hartog, and under H. minor (Zoll.) den Hartog or H. ovata Gaud. in American Samoa, Western Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Wallis I., New Caledonia, Yap, Guam, Hawaii and Australia lacked sulfated flavonoids. Plants collected in their natural habitats as well as those grown in experimental cultures showed the characteristic patterns of these secondary compounds. Although the large-leaved plants have the potential for producing the largest leaves in the complex, they are not separable from small-leaved plants in leaf dimensions or in number of pairs of cross veins under all environmental conditions. The production of sulfated flavonoids and the potential for greater leaf length are the characteristics that can be used to separate typical H. ovalis and ssp. australis (Doty & Stone) den Hartog from other members of the complex.
Hydraulic Properties of a Desert Soil Chronosequence in the Mojave Desert, USA

Desert pavements are prominent features in arid environments and consist of a surface layer of closely packed gravel that overlies a thin, gravel-poor, vesicular A (Av) soil horizon. Well-developed Av horizons form distinct and highly structured columnar peds. These structures, along with their silt- and clay-rich texture, are hypothesized as controlling infiltration and hence the overall hydrologic conditions in the soil profile. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate how pedological development in near-surface soil horizons in an arid alluvial fan complex affects the soil hydraulic characteristics, and (ii) to compare the use of Wooding9s equation and inverse modeling for evaluating hydraulic conductivity in highly layered, near-surface soils. These objectives were approached through field tension infiltrometer studies, soil sampling, and laboratory analyses of soil texture, water content, and soluble salt concentrations. Soils at five sites were studied at the Mojave National Preserve, California, representing a soil chronosequence (50–100000 yr) with varying degrees of desert pavement development. Results indicated 100-fold and threefold declines, respectively, in saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K s ) with both analytical methods, and α w using Wooding9s method, as the soils aged. No clear trends in K s or α w were detected in the underlying horizon, indicating that the controlling feature at these sites, in terms of water entry, was the K s of the surface (Av) horizon. Soluble salt concentrations within the profile indicated reduced infiltration with increased pavement development. Results showed that surface age can be used as an excellent predictor of saturated hydraulic conductivity ( r 2 = 0.9254). Further, results suggest that Av horizon development represents a key process controlling water cycling, potentially influencing ecosystem function in arid lands.
Heterologous interchange at meiosis in drosophila III. Interchange-mediated nondisjunction ☆

Abstract A model of directed disjunction of the components of quasi-bivalents formed by heterologous interchange predicts that interchange should also lead to the recovery of nondisjunctional gametes. When compound-X females lacking a Y chromosome are irradiated, 2 classes of exceptions are predicted by the model, detachments of the compound-X and triplo-4 flies, with the latter expected to be limited to the male offspring. The expectation that the triplo-4 exceptions should be male is very nearly realized, the actual ratios being 269 ♂♂: 9 ♀♀ and 42 ♂♂: 2 ♀♀ in the 2 experiments reported. The frequency of triplo-4 males increases exponentially with dose, in agreement with the increase in recovery of detachments of the compound X. Daily transfers of treated females reveals a close similarity in brood patterns for the 2 kinds of exceptions. This similarity is expected if the 2 results from a common cellular event that is followed by one or the other of a variety of different segregations. Some possible implications of a model linking the origins of trisomy and translocation are briefly discussed.
Thinking at the speed of sound during a transport: lessons from the wild blue yonder.

Abstract Transport medicine presents a truly great challenge to a transport team. The team not only faces complicated medical problems but also must deal with the unpredictable events associated with moving patients in a dynamic environment. To a medical director, this situation presents a myriad of issues associated with training personnel to meet these complicated scenarios.
Ultrastructure of immature, developing, and secretory rodlet cells in fish.

Rodlet cells from many species of fresh water fish were examined with the electron microscope. Observations of these cells in the epithelia of intestine, gill, and other organs favor the interpretation that rodlet cells are secretory cells rather than protozoan parasites (Rhabdospora thelohani). Evidence is presented that rodlet cells develop from undifferentiated cells near the epithelial basement membranes and migrate“upward” to secrete their contents in a holocrine manner at the epithelial surface. The major secretory product is packaged in unique club-shaped sacs which contain a central core of highly electron dense material with less dense material surrounding it. Secretion often appears to be accomplished by active contraction of a 0.5 μm fibrillar border resembling smooth muscle which lies just inside of the plasma membrane. Some rodlet cells, however, merely break apart and release their contents.
Measurements and correlations of infrared radiation of carbon monoxide at elevated temperatures

Abstract Spectral absorption measurements for the fundamental band of carbon monoxide were performed for path lengths 1, 5, 10 and 20 cm at temperatures 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500°K in the pressure range from 1 4 to 3 atm. For the weak first-overtone band, data were limited to the 20 cm path lenght and pressures 1, 2 and 3 atm at the same temperatures. The spectral data for the 10 and 20 cm path lenghts were well correlated by the Elsasser strong line approximation at all temperatures. The total band absorption for both the fundamental and first-overtone bands were correlated as a function of the product of an effective pressure and optical depth for all path lengths. The spectral and band absorption correlations were used to obtain the temperature dependence of the integrated square root of intensity times line width. Using these values together with integrated intensity data obtained by other investigators, expressions for band absorption for both the fundamental and first-overtone bands were determined. These expressions are then applied to the calculation of total emissivity of carbon monoxide for optical depths from 0·004 to 2 ft-atm at a total pressure of 1 atm in the temperature range from 600° to 3000°R.
Effects of Different Practice Conditions on Advanced Instrumentalists' Performance Accuracy:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effects of five practice conditions on instrumentalists' performance of a musical composition. The authors assigned 60 college music students t...