cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel microprocessor-intrinsic Physical Unclonable Function

We present a novel Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) exploiting the variability existing in a microprocessor pipeline to uniquely identify the microprocessor chip. The PUF accepts a microprocessor instruction as a challenge and produces the delay in a data path or a control path in the microprocessor as the response. The delay value is captured by over-clocking the microprocessor. The entire mechanism can be controlled by the microprocessor itself. Moreover, this PUF requires no dedicated hardware resources. It is a microprocessor-intrinsic PUF solution. We demonstrate our proposed idea using the SPARC instruction set implemented in a 32-bit LEON3 processor in a Spartan 3E FPGA. Our implementation based on the characterization of a subset of five SPARC instructions can produce 37 secure response bits for authentication.
Cretaceous fission track dates of apatites from northern new england

Abstract Twenty-five Cretaceous fission track ages have been obtained for apetite concentrates from metamorphic and igneous rocks of northern New England. Ages in cee central northern New England range from 64 to 100 m.y. (83 m.y. average) indicating a region of roughly equivalent apatite fission track ages. However, the boundaries of this region (>60,000 km 2 ) are not yet defined. A significantly higher Cretacceous age of 123 m.y. has been determined in easternmost Maine. The ages, exclusive of the one distinctly older age, do not correlate with isotopic ages for the same rocks and are taken to represent a regional event. They could be attributed to Cretaccous regional heating of wide extent and low temperature or alternatively to regional cooling which accompanied uplift and denudation. The presently preferred explanation is that the data represent cooling ages, indicating an approximate temperature of 100°C about 83 m.y. ago for the crustal level now exposed.
Increased Activation of Hereditary Pancreatitis-associated Human Cationic Trypsinogen Mutants in Presence of Chymotrypsin C

Mutations in human cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) cause autosomal dominant hereditary pancreatitis. Increased intrapancreatic autoactivation of trypsinogen mutants has been hypothesized to initiate the disease. Autoactivation of cationic trypsinogen is proteolytically regulated by chymotrypsin C (CTRC), which mitigates the development of trypsin activity by promoting degradation of both trypsinogen and trypsin. Paradoxically, CTRC also increases the rate of autoactivation by processing the trypsinogen activation peptide to a shorter form. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CTRC on the autoactivation of clinically relevant trypsinogen mutants. We found that in the presence of CTRC, trypsinogen mutants associated with classic hereditary pancreatitis (N29I, N29T, V39A, R122C, and R122H) autoactivated at increased rates and reached markedly higher active trypsin levels compared with wild-type cationic trypsinogen. The A16V mutant, known for its variable disease penetrance, exhibited a smaller increase in autoactivation. The mechanistic basis of increased activation was mutation-specific and involved resistance to degradation (N29I, N29T, V39A, R122C, and R122H) and/or increased N-terminal processing by CTRC (A16V and N29I). These observations indicate that hereditary pancreatitis is caused by CTRC-dependent dysregulation of cationic trypsinogen autoactivation, which results in elevated trypsin levels in the pancreas.
Reversible Pulmonary Hypertension and Cardiac Failure with Chronic Recurrent Pancreatitis

Acute pulmonary hypertension causing acute right heart failure occurring in a patient with chronic recurrent pancreatitis is described. The mechanisms that may be responsible for the pulmonary hypertension and heart failure are discussed.
Complicated and dislodged airway foreign body in an intubated child: case report.

OBJECTIVE We report a case of missed foreign body aspiration in a child presenting with status epilepticus. On admission, the patient was found to have pneumonia, which progressed to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. While the patient was intubated and mechanically ventilated, the patient experienced acute respiratory deterioration. Subsequently, it was determined that a previously undetected foreign body had dislodged from the right main to the left main bronchus and was the underlying cause for the child's illness. CONCLUSIONS A combination of sudden change of physical and radiographic findings with unilateral lung hyperinflation is highly suspicious for an obstructing airway foreign body. This case demonstrates that foreign body aspiration can lead to significant morbidity. It should be in the differential diagnosis for any acute pulmonary process in an otherwise well child because there is no specific clinical or radiographic finding to rule it out.
Polyhydramnios associated with a ring chromosome and low maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels managed with indomethacin

Abstract A case of polyhydramnios associated with a ring chromosome is described. The condition was also associated with a low maternal serum α-fetoprotein level. The polyhydramnios was managed by initial therapeutic amniotic fluid decompression followed by indomethacin, which reduced fetal urine output and prevented reaccumulation of polyhydramnios.
Graduate follow up as a vehicle for CSIT curriculum assessment and improvement

Internal and external program reviews are useful for targeting areas of Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT) curriculums for revision and improvement. The successful working graduates from CSIT programs are perhaps the knowledge experts in the areas of curriculum that need to be improved. This paper argues in favor of surveying practicing CSIT graduates in industry to gather pertinent information for revamping curriculum. The paper discusses the results of a survey used to revise the instruction and core curriculum of the degree programs in Network Information Security (NIS) and Computer Network Modeling and Simulation (CNMS) at St. Cloud State University. The paper also presents the elements of a generic tool for a comprehensive student learning outcome assessment.
The infrared spectrum of methyl chloride

Abstract The four low-frequency fundamental bands of MeCl, ν 3 , ν 6 , ν 2 , and ν 5 , have been reexamined with high resolution. Possession of a highly-enriched sample of MeCl 35 made it possible to observe the parallel and perpendicular bands of this molecule without interference from the other isotopic species. Lines of the MeCl 37 bands were then obtained through a subtraction process by combining the spectra of the enriched sample with the spectra obtained from a sample in which the two species occur in normal abundance. The observations were all made in vacuum to eliminate interference from atmospheric bands. The paper contains discussion of some theoretical and experimental details of the problem, tables of line frequencies of the observed bands, and tables of molecular constants obtained from analyses of the observed bands. Some preliminary reexaminations of the high-frequency bands at 3.4 μ, 2.3 μ, and 1.6 μ are also discussed.
What is the cost of running a university? An unresolved dilemma!

Discusses an investigation into the financial statements of a university. Demonstrates that the financial reports provided are misleading and do not portray the financial situation of the organization. Suggests that improvements are called for in the university’s accounting system and in reporting and accountability.
Minimum-mass design of a plate-like structure for specified fundamental frequency

The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to the problem of the minimum-mass design of two-dimension al continuous structures which are required to satisfy a constraint of a dynamic or aeroelastic nature, expressed in the form of one or more partial differential equations. The minimization of a functional subject to constraints of this form belongs to a wider class of problems, encountered in the theory of optimal control of systems with distributed parameters. Classical methods of optimal control theory are here extended to two dimensions in order to derive the set of necessary conditions for an extremum. They are then applied to the theoretical case of the minimum-mass design of a simply-supported shear plate for a given fundamental frequency of vibration under the structural mass assumption. An equation for the optimal displacement, which is the expression of a general optimality criterion in structural design due to Prager and rendering the necessary conditions also sufficient, is derived and solved uniquely in closed form for any shape of the plate. Results are presented for a square and rectangular shape, and for a circular plate. The case of an inequality constraint applied to the thickness (minimum thickness) is also examined.
Dislocations in a welded interface between two isotropic media

Abstract By Volterra's point force method, the stress fields and strain energies of interface straight dislocations are obtained between two isotropic phases welded together at a planar interfacial boundary. It is found that the results agree with the corresponding limiting cases of dislocations parallel to and infinitesimally near the interface. The limiting distance can be set to zero for the displacement, stress and strain fields, but not the strain energy for which the proper distance is r0 (core radius). This finding resolves the difficulty of the interface as a singularity so that only a finite amount of energy is needed for a dislocation to enter or to leave the interface. While the strain energy of a screw dislocation at the interface is always larger than that in the soft phase and smaller than that in the hard phase, the strain energy of an edge dislocation at the interface can be larger than that in either of the two phases. This latter property may be useful in the designing of composite materials.
‘Georgia-5’ Tall Fescue Establishment Responses to Amendment of Louisiana Coastal Plain Soils

Release of 'Georgia-5' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) expanded the range of this species into the Coastal Plain of the southeastern USA. Initial plantings indicated that responses to lime and P may be greater on infertile, add Coastal Plain soils than reported within the primary area of adaptation. Three field experiments and a greenhouse experiment were conducted on Louisiana Coastal Plain soils. In the field, all combinations of 50 kg P ha -1 , 90 kg K ha -1 , and 4.0 Mg lime ha -1 were applied. In one experiment, all treatments which included P increased establishment-year forage yield, with an increase from 310 kg ha -1 for the control to 1500 kg ha -1 with P alone. Plant responses to lime were obtained at this site in the second year. In the other experiments, drought apparently precluded responses at one site, while plant stands improved with lime at the other site. Linear plant responses to P up to 80 kg ha -1 (soil P of 142 mg kg -1 ) and a quadratic response to lime were obtained in the greenhouse. These results illustrate variation in responses to be expected with fertility, rainfall, and other growing conditions, but still indicate the importance of P and lime to Georgia-5 tall fescue seedlings on acid, infertile Coastal Plain soils. Responses in stand establishment are suggested to soil levels of P and Ca or pH beyond those typically recommended for other regions.
Failure, Memory, and Cyclic Fault Movement

Faulting is typically a two timescale process, that is, rapid failure and slow (chemical) healing. Once failed, a rock has a long memory until slow chemical processes have time to re-establish the grain–grain contacts underlying rock competency. The memory of rock failure can be captured by a sufficiently rich textural model, and the texture must be coevolved with rock stress and deformation to yield a self-consistent model of strain hardening/weakening, fault narrowing, and earthquake cyclicity. A model based on incremental stress rheology and rock texture dynamics is introduced that emphasizes the interplay of rock competency, porosity, and other texture variables with stress and strain. The deformation mechanisms taken into consideration are poroelasticity and viscosity. The rheology equations are strongly coupled to the evolution equations of rock texture and pore fluid flow. The model is used to gain an understanding of several oscillatory modes of fault movement. The roles of rock competency, fluid pressure, and continuous deformation in these oscillations is illustrated for various conditions. The approach is shown to be a natural starting point for a theory of the three-dimensional, multiprocess dynamics of fault nucleation, growth, morphology, reactivation, and continuous versus seismic behavior.
Serum proteins neutralize the toxic effect of lysophosphatidyl choline.

Lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC), which has been shown to be toxic to the lens in organ culture, is markedly elevated in uveitic eyes. These findings have led to the suggestion that LPC is an initiator of cataractogenesis in uveitis. We report here that a factor not considered by previous investigators, i.e. the presence of serum proteins, can modulate LPC toxicity in vitro. First, the toxicity of LPC to lens epithelial cells or to whole lens in organ culture was effectively neutralized by addition of serum or serum albumin to the test cultures, thus suggesting that the potential toxicity of the increased LPC in the uveitic eye might be neutralized by the concomitant increase in serum protein. Secondly, the susceptibility to LPC toxicity of lens epithelial cells was no greater than that of lymphocytes which are normally exposed to LPC levels higher than those in the uveitic eye.
Harnessing Other People's Databanks

Computer users rely on outside sources of machine-readable data because information costs more to produce than to reproduce. Users must know what they want to do and what databanks are available before they can use these outside sources profitably. Two checklists in this article are offered to help users decide how best to apply other people's data to their own needs. To supplement the checklists with a glimpse of the actual problems in using external databanks, the remainder of the article surveys the uses and hazards of financial databanks.
High Energy Decay Estimates for Waves in a Locally Perturbed Medium

Abstract The acoustic wave equation (∂ 2 t + K )ψ = 0, where K = − c 2 ρ∇ρ −1 ∇, is studied. The notion of a "Mourre estimate in a neighbourhood of infinity" is introduced and is used to obtain a criterion for the rapid decay of high-energy solutions. The function c ( x ) is required to satisfy a non-resonance condition: there is a vector field v ( x ) with v ( x ) → x as | x | → ∞ such that 2 v · (∇ c ) I c (∇ T v + ∇ v T ). An example of such a vector field is v ( x ) = x , where this condition reduces to x · ∇ c c . The rapid decay of energy implies that there are no "geometric optics" resonances or resonances at infinity in the system.
Mesoporous alumina–zirconia–organosilica composites for CO2 capture at ambient and elevated temperatures

New ternary and binary composite mesostructures consisting of alumina, zirconia and organosilica with isocyanurate bridging groups were synthesized via co-condensation of suitable precursors in the presence of a triblock copolymer, Pluronic P123. The resulting binary and ternary composite mesostructures were used for CO2 capture at low (0 °C), ambient (25 °C), and elevated (60 and 120 °C) temperatures. The CO2 adsorption capacities measured at 1 atm for alumina–organosilica mesostructures are: 1.43 mmol g−1 at 0 °C and 1 mmol g−1 at 25 °C. Much higher CO2 adsorption capacities were recorded at 1 atm for zirconia–organosilica mesostructures: 2.53 mmol g−1 at 0 °C and 1.93 mmol g−1 at 25 °C. This significant increase in the CO2 uptake for zirconia–organosilica was achieved due to the development of microporosity, which was shown to be beneficial for CO2 physisorption at low pressures. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) was used to measure the CO2 sorption capacities for the mesostructures studied at 60 and 120 °C. The TPD studies revealed the superior sorption capacities of zirconia–organosilica mesostructures at 60 °C (3.02 mmol g−1) and 120 °C (2.76 mmol g−1). Various surface hydroxyls present in alumina and zirconia are primarily responsible for CO2 capture. These hydroxyls were shown to be essential for interactions with CO2 by forming hydrogen carbonate and bidentate carbonate complexes. The thermal stability, corrosion resistivity, and chemical stability of the mesostructures studied make them attractive sorbents for CO2 capture in the fossil fuel-based power plants, which generate large volumetric flow rates of flue gas at 1 atm with low partial pressure of CO2 in the temperature range of 100–150 °C.
The innervated left ventricle: a mathematical model of function.

A model of the innervated left ventricle is developed that characterises the left ventricle as a time-varying elastance (P/V) element which is a function of both end-diastolic volume and frequency of stimulation of the left stellate ganglion. This model is an extension of a denervated model developed earlier and accurately simulates the ventricular responses to various preload and afterload conditions at a given ionotropic state.
Comparing Symptom Burden in Patients with Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Cancer

Abstract Background: Symptoms of patients with advanced cancer have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to the symptomatology of patients with localized disease. We compared the symptom burden of outpatients with cancer, either metastatic or localized disease, seen in a palliative care comanagement clinic. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study assessing patient symptoms with multiple patient surveys, including a modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment Survey (to assess pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and nausea), along with a spiritual well-being screen and questions about relationships and quality of life. Consecutive patients at a comprehensive cancer center completed the surveys prior to their first visit to an outpatient palliative care clinic providing palliative care concurrently with the patients' oncologic treatments. Patients were referred by their oncologist, radiation oncologist, oncologic surgeon, or primary care physician without respect to their...
A microwave fel code using waveguide modes

Abstract A free electron laser code, GFEL, is being developed for application to the LLNL Microwave Tokamak Experiments, MTX. This single frequency code solves for the slowly varying complex field amplitude using the usual wiggler-averaged equations of existing codes, in particular FRED [1], except that it describes the fields by a 2D expansion in the rectangular waveguide modes, using coupling coefficients similar to those developed by Wurtele [2], which include effects of spatial variations in the fields seen by the wiggler motion of the particles. Our coefficients differ from those of Wurtele in two respects. First, we have found a missing √2 γ a w factor in his Cz; when corrected this increases the effect of the Ez field component and this in turn reduces the amplitude of the TM mode. Second, we have consistently retained all terms of significant order in the wiggle amplitude. Both corrections are necessary for accurate computation. GFEL has the capability of following the TEmn and TMmn modes simultaneously. GFEL produces results nearly identical to those from FRED if the coupling coefficients are adjusted to equal those implied by the algorithm in FRED. Normally, the two codes produce results that are similar but different in detail due to the different treatment of modes higher than TE01.
Geological Antiquity of Rhodesian Man

CARLETON COON, in his book The Origin of Races1, argued that the “Caucasoid” (White) race, as represented by the well-known Swanscombe and Steinheim skulls, had crossed the threshold from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens in the Middle Pleistocene, at least by 250,000 yr ago, whereas the “Congoid” (Negro) race, as represented by the massive-browed and low-vaulted Broken Hill and Saldanha skulls, had remained at the Homo erectus level until well within the Upper Pleistocene, perhaps as recently as 30–40,000 yr ago. It has been pointed out that there are grounds for questioning the assignment of the Broken Hill and Saldanha specimens (lumped here and elsewhere as Rhodesian man) to Homo erectus2 and few authors would agree that they can be assigned to any modern race, but most have accepted their Upper Pleistocene date. In this note I point out recent evidence that these specimens are in fact far older.
The effect of rate of speech and distributed practice on the development of listening comprehension

This study investigated the effects of training learners of English as a foreign language with different rates of speech and controls over speech rate. Subjects were put into one of four treatment groups: (A) trained on listening comprehension materials recorded at a fast speed, (B) trained on slow recordings, (C) given some choice about the speed, and (D) allowed sometimes to pause playback. The group that was trained on slow materials fared the best, apparently because their bottom-up processing improved. Other groups seem to have developed their strategic listening skills more, but these did not always transfer as well to other contexts. It was also found that learners performed better when they paced their training over several days.
Conductor design for superfluid Helium II

This paper derives some design formulas and charts for a high-field (12 Tesla) application using Nb43Ti25Ta alloy superconductor. This material is selected because of its large critical current (J c = 71,000 A/cm2) at 12 Tesla and 1.8K. Its ductility is beneficial to manufacturing processes and accommodating of the operating condition under stress. A coil packing factor of 70% and an insulation void fraction of 35% are assumed. These are nominal values which, after analysis, leave adequate turn-to-turn space for insulation bearing area, Helium II volume, and voltage standoff. The stabilizer is oxygen-free, high-purity copper in the full-hard condition, ρ = 7.17 × 10-8ohm.cm, wherein the magnetoresistivity at 12 Tesla accounts for 69% of the total. Basing a trial conductor on these assumptions will produce a design very close to optimum. Further refinement would be an iterative process whereby one checks the design against all constraints using the fundamental engineering formulas and makes parametric adjustments as necessary.
An ID card for T cells.

Simultaneous measurement of paired TCR sequences and gene expression in single T cells improves the characterization of T cells.
Magnetic Field of Jupiter

RECENT radio observations of Jupiter, in the frequency-range 14–27 Mc./s., have suggested the presence of an ionosphere and a magnetic field on the planet. If the magnetic field is regarded as being due to a dipole situated at the centre of the planet, with its axis along the axis of rotation, a value for the polar field intensity of 7 ± 1 gauss can be found from the radio observations.
Bayesian source separation of functional sources

This paper incorporates available prior knowledge of the source waveforms into the Bayesian approach to blind source separation. The source separation model is described, prior distributions are introduced to quantify available prior knowledge regarding the model parameters, the posterior distribution for the model parameters is formed, and parameter estimation is detailed. Finally, the methods discussed are applied to an example. 1. Introduction and model The problem addressed by source separation is that of separating unobservable or latent source signals when mixed signals are observed. In other words, to take a set of observed mixed signal vectors and unmix or separate them into a set of true unobservable source signal vectors. This paper adopts a Bayesian statistical approach and the linear synthesis
The property and effect of bioplastic pots on the growth and developmental physiology of lily and begonia

Three different injection molded bioplastic (BP) pots, BP 29, BP 32, and BP 45 pots, containing processed feather fibers, were evaluated. Growth and flowering of Lilium hybrid ‘Triumphator’ and Begonia ‘Bonfire’ were evaluated in new and reused BP pots. Net photosynthesis was measured and macro- and micro-elements were analyzed in ‘Triumphator’ lily. Ultrastructure of epidermis cells of ‘Triumphator’ lily were analyzed using a low temperature-scanning electron microscope (LT-SEM). Surface changes, the weight, and macro- and micro-elements of the BP pots were also analyzed. When lilies were grown in BP 32 pots, root and shoot growth were inhibited, flowering was delayed and the net photosynthesis was negative, grana development, and starch granules were not observed as compared to those in BP 45 pots. Changes in the surface of BP 32 pots after forcing lilies (used once) showed a distinct space between feather fibers and other constituents which could be due to the chemical changes resulting from absorption of water. When BP pots were analyzed for pH and macro- and micro-elements, the pH and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and iron were significantly higher in the new BP 32 than those of BP 29 and BP 45 pots. Based on the growth and development of lily and begonia and net photosynthesis and grana development of lily, and foliar analysis of begonia grown in three different BP pots, it is concluded that BP 45 is recommended to grow lily and begonia when proper levels of nutrition are maintained during culture. Poor root growth and development of ‘Triumphator’ lily grown in new BP 32 pots could be associated with leaching of toxic substances once the pots absorb water during the culture.
Collagen as a scaffold for biomimetic mineralization of vertebrate tissues

Collagen is a well known protein component that has the capacity to mineralize in a variety of vertebrate tissues. In its mineralized form, collagen potentially can be utilized as a biomimetic material for a variety of applications, including, for example, the augmentation and repair of damaged, congenitally defective, diseased or otherwise impaired calcified tissues such as bone and cartilage. In order to effect an optimal response in this regard, the manner in which collagen becomes mineralized is critically important to understand. This paper provides details concerning collagen–mineral interaction and its implications with respect to designing biomimetic mineralizing collagen that will be functionally competent in its biological, chemical, and biomechanical properties.
Difficult biliary cannulation.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most technically challenging procedure routinely performed by endoscopists. ERCP cannulation requires the insertion of a subcentimeter catheter through a tiny orifice at a distance of almost a meter from the operator. Only after successful cannulation of the bile duct can the real “business” of ERCP be performed (eg, sphincterotomy, stone extraction, stent placement). Selective bile duct cannulation is all the more exacting due to the occasional anatomic challenge (eg, postsurgical anatomy, duodenal stricture) or wayward catheter. Serious morbid complications can and do occur, even in the hands of the most gifted and facile endoscopists. Although there are some “tricks” to facilitate successful cannulation of the bile duct, experience “trumps” all tricks. Of greatest importance when faced with a difficult cannulation is the recognition of one’s personal limitations.
First-principles study of stability and local order in bcc-based Fe-Cr and Fe-V alloys.

A parameter-free approach is applied to the study of the electronic structure properties and the local chemical order in Fe-Cr and Fe-V alloys. The method is based on a multiple-scattering description of the electronic-structure properties of the random alloys. Configurational order is treated within the generalized perturbation method, and temperature effects are examined with standard statistical methods, namely, the cluster-variation method and Monte Carlo simulations. In reasonable agreement with experiments, FeV exhibits a tendency toward order with a B2 superstructure in contrast to FeCr which shows an overall tendency toward phase separation around equiatomic composition. A more detailed study is performed for Fe-Cr alloys as a function of temperature and concentration, in the light of recent diffuse-scattering experiments. Finally, some conclusions are drawn regarding the structural transformation which occurs in both alloys from the bcc solid solution to a complex Frank-Kasper phase upon cooling.
Effect of Wagyu- versus Angus-sired calves on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and tenderness.

Wagyu-sired (n = 20) and Angus-sired (n = 19) steers and heifers were used to compare the effects of sire breed on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and meat tenderness. Calves were weaned at 138 +/- 5 d of age and individually fed a finishing diet consisting of 65% whole corn, 20% protein/vitamin/mineral supplement, and 15% corn silage on a DM basis. Heifers and steers were slaughtered at 535 and 560 kg of BW, respectively. Carcasses were ribbed between the 12th and 13th (USDA grading system) and the 6th and 7th ribs (Japanese grading system) to measure fat thickness, LM area (LMA), and intramuscular fat (IMF). Two steaks were removed from the 12th rib location and aged for 72 h and 14 d to determine Warner-Bratzler shear force and cooking loss. Sire breed x sex interactions were not significant (P > 0.05). Angus-sired calves had greater (P 0.20) HCW, 12th-rib fat, or USDA yield grade. Carcasses of Wagyu had greater (P = 0.0001) marbling scores at the 12th rib than those of Angus (770.9 vs. 597.3 +/- 41.01, respectively). Carcasses of Wagyu also had greater (P 0.50) tenderness at aging times of 72 h and 14 d. Cooking loss was greater (P < 0.01) for Angus than Wagyu steaks at 72 h and 14 d. Using Wagyu sires vs. Angus sires on British-based commercial cows combined with early weaning management strategies has the potential to produce a product with greater marbling, but is unlikely to significantly enhance tenderness.
Knowledge acquisition from multiple experts

The traditional method of knowledge acquisition when constructing a knowledge-based (expert) system is to depend primarily upon a single source, usually an expert in the domain under consideration. This approach has several advantages: no need to resolve conflicts -- factual or personal -- among several experts; easier communication; a more consistent approach to solving the problems dealt with, etc. However, certain domains require the use of more than one expert to gather sufficient knowledge to construct a meaningful system. We report on one such domain and on the techniques used for knowledge acquisition from multiple experts.
Evolution of Tropical and Extratropical Precipitation Anomalies During the 1997 to 1999 Enso Cycle

The 1997-1999 ENSO period was very powerful, but also well observed. Multiple satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a quantitative analysis of precipitation anomalies in the tropics and elsewhere accompanying the 1997-99 ENSO cycle. An examination of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent preceded the formation of positive SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 30-60 day oscillations in the winter of 1996/97 may have contributed to this lag relationship. Furthermore, westerly wind burst events may have maintained the drought over the Maritime Continent. The warming of the equatorial Pacific was then followed by an increase in convection. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997 precipitation indices captured substantial changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. The global precipitation patterns for this event were in good agreement with the strong consistent ENSO-related precipitation signals identified in earlier studies. Differences included a shift in precipitation anomalies over Africa during the 1997-98 El Nino and unusually wet conditions over northeast Australia during the later stages of the El Nino. Also, the typically wet region in the north tropical Pacific was mostly dry during the 1998-99 La Nina. Reanalysis precipitation was compared to observations during this time period and substantial differences were noted. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared to the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the Maritime Continent and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific was less pronounced for the model compared to the observations.
Magnetic circularly polarized emission and magnetic circular dichroism study of the 7FJ↔5D4 transitions in crystalline Cs2NaTbCl6

Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra are reported for the 7 F 6→5 D 4 transition of Tb3+ in crystalline Cs2NaTbCl6. These spectra are interpreted in terms of a crystal-field ana...
A SOCIAL COGNITIVE INVESTIGATION OF GROUP INEFFICIENCY

Groups are omnipresent in modern organizations. However, deficiencies in the amount and manner in which members allocate resources to a group tasks prevent groups from optimizing their value to org...
Scandals in the White House: An Organizational Explanation*

The Watergate scandal involving the president's personal staff brought forth numerous analyses and explanations. Most analyses located the cause of the scandal in the psychology of Richard Nixon, the breakdown of institutional arrangements, or a societal tolerance for corruption. The author, however, argues that Watergate was but one of many staff incidents that undermined presidential power and that the persistence of such phenomena requires a sociological explanation. The author argues that deviant staff behaviors are a direct consequence of the organizational structure of personal staffs, and that such behaviors derive paradoxically from the characteristics that make staffs useful to chief executives. The argument is elaborated through an analysis of publicized scandals and disruptive staff practices of presidential staffs since Franklin Roosevelt's administration.
The number of clonogenic cells in a mouse jejunal crypt

The near linearity of cellular dose-survival curves for neutrons facilities back-extrapolation to their origin at zero dose. This zero dose intercept is the number of clonogenic cells per circumference, from which the average number of clonogenic cells per crypt can be calculated. The average estimate of clonogenic cell number per crypt (k) from back-extrapolation of 11 single dose neutron survival curves to a common intercept was 100. Multifraction experiments provide an even better estimate of k because more complete dose survival curves can be constructed on the assumption of an equal effect per equal dose fraction. The short back-extrapolation of five such curves to a common intercept yields an estimated k value of 123 (108-140, 95% confidence interval) cells per crypt. These k values were higher than those estimated by Hendry's two-dose gamma-ray method.
Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference

Certain results of formal processes of “approximation” in the kinetic theory are similar in form to constitutive relations of continuum mechanics. It is wrong to regard them as such. Continuum mechanics takes the variables entering constitutive functions as being independent. Thus it is possible to ask whether or not those functions be frame-indifferent. In the kinetic theory, on the contrary, all solutions automatically satisfy the principle of linear momentum. In order even to ask whether gross relations satisfied by solutions be frame-indifferent, it would be necessary to show first that those relations pertain to a class of solutions that correspond to velocity fields which differ from one another by arbitrary time-dependent orthogonal transformations of the motion. It is not presently known whether any such classes of solutions exist in the kinetic theory. Indeed, as the constraint imposed by the principle of linear momentum is frame-dependent, the existence of any such class is implausible. Be that as it may, to claim that the kinetic theory can bear in any way whatever upon the principle of material frame-indifference is presently ridiculous.
QUALITATIVE MONOTONICITY ANALYSIS OF A PROBLEM INVOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Monotonicity analysis is applied to an optimum design problem where the constraints are expressed by differential equations and their associated boundary conditions. The qualitative analysis does not utilize explicit or numerical solutions. Instead, the behavior of the equations is determined qualitatively with the aid of maximum principles. Equivalent functional constraints are derived containing information about the monotonic behavior of the design variables. This information is used to determine constraint activity. The results have generality and physical interpretation and may be used subsequently for efficient numerical implementation. The application problem examines the design of a small reflected-core nuclear reactor studied originally as a nonlinear programming problem.
Conversion of solvent-refined coal to liquid products in the presence of Lewis acids

Abstract The formation of liquid products from a solvent-refined coal (SRC) was studied using Lewis acid catalysts in the presence of either benzene or cyclohexane as an extracting solvent. The soluble products were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-n.m.r., and, in some experiments, by gel permeation chromatography. Only ZnCl2 and SnCl2, the weakest Lewis acids examined, enhanced the dissolution of SRC over that observed in the absence of a catalyst. Increases in solubility were accompanied by increases in H C and aliphatic character and by decreases in average molecular weight. These changes are ascribed to the ability of ZnCl2 and SnCl2 to promote depolymerization and hydrogenation of the SRC. Alkylation with isopropanol was also found to enhance the solubility of SRC in benzene and cyclohexane.
Identification of the molecular signatures integral to regenerating photoreceptors in the retina of the zebra fish.

Investigating neuronal and photoreceptor regeneration in the retina of zebra fish has begun to yield insights into both the cellular and molecular means by which this lower vertebrate is able to repair its central nervous system. However, knowledge about the signaling molecules in the local microenvironment of a retinal injury and the transcriptional events they activate during neuronal death and regeneration is still lacking. To identify genes involved in photoreceptor regeneration, we combined light-induced photoreceptor lesions, laser-capture microdissection of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and analysis of gene expression to characterize transcriptional changes for cells in the ONL as photoreceptors die and are regenerated. Using this approach, we were able to characterize aspects of the molecular signature of injured and dying photoreceptors, cone photoreceptor progenitors, and microglia within the ONL. We validated changes in gene expression and characterized the cellular expression for three novel, extracellular signaling molecules that we hypothesize are involved in regulating regenerative events in the retina.
Normal fluctuations in pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction.

BACKGROUND One barrier to accurate interpretation of changes in hemodynamic pressures and cardiac output is lack of data about what constitutes a normal fluctuation. Few investigators have examined normal fluctuations in these parameters and none have done so in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. AIMS To describe normal fluctuations in pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS Hemodynamically stable advanced heart failure patients (N=39; 55+/-6 years old; 62% male) with left ventricular dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 22+/-5%) were studied. Cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures were measured every 15 min for 2 h. RESULTS Mean+/-standard deviation fluctuations were as follows: pulmonary artery systolic pressure=7+/-4 mmHg; pulmonary artery diastolic pressure=6+/-3 mmHg; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure=5+/-3 mmHg; cardiac output=0.7+/-0.3 l/min. The coefficient of variation for fluctuations in pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 6.7%, in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was 9.3%, in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 9.2%, and in cardiac output was 7.2%. CONCLUSIONS Values that vary <8% for pulmonary artery systolic pressure, <11% for pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, <12% for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and <9% for cardiac output from baseline represent normal fluctuations in these parameters in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
Optimization of Experimental Parameters for Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Abstract The present research is a study of experimental parameters that affect the resolution of a test mixture of estrogens by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. The parameters that were evaluated included fluid flow rate, effect on resolution and retention times of the type and concentration of four organic modifiers, namely methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetonitrile. Also, the effect of column type on the resolution of a mixture of estrogen metabolites was studied. Two packing materials cyanopropyl silica and Betasil diol silica were selected for this study. The following percentages of each of the packing materials were used in columns connected in series for the separation of the test mixture:100.0% CPS, 37.5% CPS/62.5% Diol, 50% CPS/50% Diol, 62.5 CPS/32.5% Diol, and 100.0% Diol. The results indicated that connecting two columns having the same dimensions (a ratio of one‐to‐one CPS/Diol) in series gave the best resolution. There was no effect on retention times or resolution wh...
Ambulatory Epileptic Monitoring Device

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that affects millions of adults and children in America. It is characterized by abnormal neuronal signaling and can cause strange sensations, emotions, behavior, loss of consciousness, muscle spasms, and convulsions. These episodes are very difficult to predict with the current technologies available, and almost impossible to accurately record outside clinical settings. This project aims to create an ambulatory device that can continuously measure long-term electroencephalography (EEG) outside of a hospital. The Epileptic Monitoring Device (EMD) is a portable device with two separate units: a head-mounted EEG recording system and a data viewing application on an Android platform. The EEG is recorded using five electrodes in referential montage attached to a headset and passes the signal through an isolation amplifier and then into a microprocessor for analog-to-digital conversion. The digital signal is sent via Bluetooth transceiver to the mobile device where it is processed and viewed using the Android application. An alarm will be triggered when the application detects seizure-like activity. The EMD will provide accurate monitoring for epileptic patients within the comfort of day-to-day activities. Caretakers and medical professionals can use this data to determine types of seizures, number of seizures, and the efficacy of medication.
Generalized shells in nuclei: Hartree--Fock calculations for bubble nuclei

Hartree-Fock calculations in the bubble degree of freedom have been performed on a variety of spherical nuclei. Of particular importance are incipient bubble configurations in /sup 36/Ar /sup 68/Se, /sup 84 /Se, /sup 100/ Sn, /sup 116/Ce, /sup 138/Ce and /sup 200/ Hg, each of which possesses a binding energy which is comparable to that of the normal spherical closedshell configuration. The densities of the above nuclei display strong deviations from a uniform shape, and give rise to depletions in the nuclear interior. These nonuniformities are due both to the absence of low angular momentum states in otherwise normally occupied spherical shells, and also to strong self-consistency effects. The nonuniformities in the mass density are further enhanced for nuclei whose neutron and proton densities have depressions or peaks at approximately the same distance from the center of the nucleus. A depression of the central density is most pronounced in the nuclei /sup 36/Ar, /sup 138/Ce and /sup 200/Hg. Interior depletions of th e density are associated with the relatively higher energies of low angular momentum single-particle levels as compared to high angular momentum single-particle levels. This effect can give rise to moderately large gaps at the Fermi surface. Finally, itmore » is shown that in a bubble configuration, the spin-orbit splitting of low lying doublets is sometimes reversed, and that this effect is especially pronounced for levels with low angular momentum. (auth)« less
Controlling the Facial Selectivity of Asymmetric [4 + 2] Cyclo-additions: A Concise Synthesis of the cis-Decalin Core Structure of Superstolides A and B

Regio-, stereo-, and facial selective [4 + 2] cycloadditions between highly activated vinyl sulfones and 1,3-dienes derived from (R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one provide a powerful approach for the asymmetric synthesis of compounds containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]octanone carbon skeleton. This new methodology has been successfully applied to the asymmetric synthesis of the cis-decalin core structure of the potent anticancer marine natural products superstolides A and B.
Analysis, representation, and prediction of creep transients in Class I alloys

Abstract Solute-drag (SD) creep in Class I alloys is characterized by several features. Among these is the presence of “inverse” creep transients, which are unique to these solid-solution alloys and the SD creep mechanism. Creep transients in commercial AA5083 materials under SD creep are analyzed using a model based on a graphical construct previously proposed. It is observed that transient behavior can be represented in a general fashion which predicts the decay in relative transient size as a function of strain. Experimental data for SD creep are presented using the proposed graphical construct to determine the dependence of dislocation glide speed on stress and the dependence of equilibrium mobile dislocation density on stress. It is observed that the high stress exponents of the commercial AA5083 materials under SD creep, relative to low-impurity, binary Al–Mg materials, are primarily the result of an increased dependence of dislocation glide speed on stress.
Single eye and camera with depth perception

It is possible that each light sensor pixel in the eye has the capability of measuring the distance to the part of the object in focus at the pixel. One can also construct an electronic camera where each pixel can measure the distance to the portion of the object in focus at the pixel. That is, these devices have depth perception
Un texto inédito de Ricardo Donoso: La Biblioteca de don Andrés Bello

En este estudio inedito, el celebre historiador chileno Ricardo Donoso (1896-1985) proporciona una vision global de los intereses del gran humanista caraqueno Andres Bello (1781-1865), en Caracas, Londres y Santiago, poniendo en contexto historico y cultural algunas de las obras que Bello poseia en su enorme biblioteca personal. Donoso traza los vinculos personales e intelectuales entre Bello y los autores de numerosos libros importantes que formaban parte de su coleccion, entre ellos los emigrados espanoles en Londres, Pedro de Angelis, George Ticknor y la "primera generacion" de historiadores chilenos. El documento de Donoso aclara importantes aspectos de la amplitud y el alcance intelectuales de Bello, de la historiografia hispanoamericana y del desarrollo de la cultura chilena.