cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Independence of points on elliptic curves arising from special points on modular and Shimura curves, II: local results

In the predecessor to this article, we used global equidistribution theorems to prove that given a correspondence between a modular curve and an elliptic curve A, the intersection of any finite-rank subgroup of A with the set of CM-points of A is finite. In this article we apply local methods, involving the theory of arithmetic differential equations, to prove quantitative versions of a similar statement. The new methods apply also to certain infinite-rank subgroups, as well as to the situation where the set of CM-points is replaced by certain isogeny classes of points on the modular curve. Finally, we prove Shimura-curve analogues of these results.
Maximizing Average Power Output of an Airborne Wind Energy Generator Under Parametric Uncertainties

This paper presents a controller for maximizing the time-averaged power output from an airborne wind energy generator in uncertain wind conditions. This system’s optimal energy output often involves flying in periodic figure-8 trajectories, but the precise optimal figure-8 shape is sensitive to environmental conditions, including wind speed. The literature presents controllers that are able to adapt to uncertainties, and this work expands on the current literature by using an extremum seeking based method. Extremum seeking is particularly well-suited for this application because of its well understood stability properties. In this work, extremum seeking is used to search through a family of optimal trajectories (computed offline) that correspond to discrete wind speeds. The controller is efficient in that it only searches for the optimum trajectory over the uncertain parameter (in this paper, wind speed). Results show that the controller converges to the optimal trajectory, provided it is initialized to a stable figure-8. The speed of convergence is dependent on the difference between the initial average power output and the optimal average power output.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Acceptance of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2014

Thank you, Mr. President, and thank you, the MSA award committee for choosing me as the recipient of this year’s MSA award! I am deeply honored to receive this award as many of its recipients are my role models. I hope my work will satisfy the high standards set forth by my predecessors. This award also gives me an opportunity to thank my mentors and colleagues who helped shape my science over the past 13 years. I am so happy that Bill McDonough was able to introduce me today. Bill and Roberta were my Ph.D. advisors. They have played a very important role in my career development. I was so lucky to be mentored by both of them. They taught me everything from working in the clean lab and instrumental analysis, to writing and speaking English. They encourage me whenever I need and give me freedom to do my research. I remember whenever I talked about my ideas, Bill always encouraged me …
Incorporating principles of the collaborative contextualised intervention approach with the empirical study of learning and communication in traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACTBackground: Ylvisaker et al. argue that traumatic brain injury (TBI) intervention is most effective using a collaborative contextualised approach. However, few research protocols have implemented the principles of this approach in empirical studies. The development of such research paradigms would promote tighter integration of empirical findings with theoretical models and between research and current clinical practice.Aims: This preliminary study sought to examine learning and communication in social interaction in individuals with TBI interacting with their familiar partners using a research protocol that incorporates many principles of the collaborative contextualised intervention approach and that has been shown to promote learning and social interaction in patients with circumscribed memory impairments.Methods & Procedures: Using a collaborative referencing task presented as a matching game, we assessed the ability of five individuals with moderate to severe TBI and five matched healthy comp...
Personal freedom in a market society

u nconfined by what Keats called "'the irritable reaching after facts," I seek indulgence for an irritable reach of another kind, a reach for a psychohistorical principle that explains the decline of the market-oriented society. Our concern is with the people who populate that society, with economic man, whose end was announced by Peter Drucker tbrty years ago, but who, posthumously perhaps, seemed to preside over several economic miracles after World War II. Economic man is the perfectly rational materialist who lives in an ever-receding period called "the long run"; he is unique in his singularity of purpose, which may be described as " m o r e , " and he is gifted with extraordinary peripheral vision; that is, he never looks at the center of things, but only at their margins. Yet in this analysis, there is a prior question for some science more oracular than economics: can a spect e r n o t , to be sure, the more substantial one that Marx saw haunting Europe--die? This puzzle has been put more charmingly:
For Successful Organization Culture, Honor Your Past

Recently an executive asked one of us to help him "install a new culture" in his company. He spoke about needed changes as though one could go to a culture cafeteria and pick the particular elements and amounts desired; for example,"go heavy on the 'bias toward action' but easy on the 'close to the customer' stuff." Not many executives believe that deep and enduring aspects of an organization can be replaced with such ease. However, the time frames executives consider when attempting to implement bold new strategies-to downsize, to increase quality dramatically, or to reduce costs-suggest that many are either not clear about the difficulties involved or choose to ignore certain, key principles of change. Indeed, we argue that executives often take for granted the current skills of their organizations and are much too ready to change them. Perhaps an example or two of some recent major change efforts will help clarify our concerns and set the stage for our suggestions.
Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Mumps Virus Antibodies:

SummaryPre- and postvaccination sera from individuals who had been vaccinated with live Jeryl-Lynn vaccine were assayed for mumps antibodies by using serum neutralization (NT), enzymed-linked immun...
Optimization Design for the Thermal Insulating Construction of Submersible Motor Experiment Device

The excellent thermal insulation is the precondition to carry on performance inspection for the submersible motor.The multiple thermal insulating structure was optimized according to the characteristic of the various thermal insulating materials,and the depth of thermal insulating layers was inversed by using the conjugate gradient method.The optimized results guaranteed the optimal thermal insulating effect under the circumstances of the invariable depth.The experiment shows that it takes ten hours to heat the circle water from room temperature to 180℃ under the condition of excellent thermal insulation associated with mineshaft thermal insulation.
Electrophysiological characteristics of renal sensory receptors and afferent renal nerves

The characteristics of afferent renal nerves are described. Renal baroreceptors are excited by increases in renal arterial pressure, venous pressure or interstitial pressure. Increases in intrapelvic pressure also excite renal afferent nerves though these have not been dissociated from renal tissue pressure receptors or renal chemoreceptors which are also excited by increased intrapelvic pressure with urine. The renal chemoreceptors are excited by renal ischemia, backflow of urine into the renal pelvis and pelvic perfusion with solutions of KCl. Injections of bradykinin and capsaicin also activate these receptors. These sensitivities are discussed with respect to other visceral afferent nerves and their role in renal nociception.
Microbiological, sensory, and electronic nose evaluation of yellowfin tuna under various storage conditions.

Microbiological assessment, sensory evaluation, and electronic nose (AromaScan) analysis were performed on yellowfin tuna stored at 0, 4, 10, and 22°C for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 9 days. Fish color, texture, appearance, and odor were evaluated by a trained sensory panel, while aroma-odor properties were evaluated using an AromaScan. Bacterial enumeration was performed using plate count agar containing 1.5% NaCl. Tuna fillets stored at 22°C for 3 days or longer had a bacterial load of over 10 7 CFU/g and were rated not acceptable for consumption (grade C) by the sensory panel. Tuna fillets stored at 4°C for 9 days or 10°C for over 5 days were rated as grade C products and also had a bacterial load of over 10 7 CFU/g. The change in fish quality as determined by AromaScan followed increases in microbiological counts in tuna fillets, indicating that bacterial load can serve as a useful and objective indicator of gross spoilage. Electronic nose devices can be used in conjunction with microbial counts and sensory panels to evaluate the degree of decomposition in tuna during storage. Des analyses sensorielles, microbiologiques et par un nez electronique sont effectuees sur du thon albacore entrepose a 0, 4, 10 ou 22° pendant 0, 1, 3, 5 ou 9 jours. Le thon entrepose a 22° pendant 3 jours n'est plus consommable. Les filets entreposes a 4° pendant 9 jours ou a 10° pendant 5 jours sont egalement inacceptables, et ont une charge microbienne elevee. Les changements de qualite mesures par le nez electronique suivent l'evolution du nombre de bacteries.
Identification of Selenium Containing Proteins from Soybeans

Soybeans provide a high quality, economical source of vegetable protein. The selenium content of soybeans is variable, dependent on selenium levels in the soil where crops are produced. The majority of selenium in soybeans is contained in protein. This study identifies specific soybean proteins where selenium is associated. Hydroponically grown soybean plants were intrinsically labeled with sodium (75Se) selenite added to the nutrient solution. Harvested mature soybeans were ground into a meal and cold acetone defatted. Samples of 100 mg meal were extracted with 1.0 ml 50 mM TRIS-HC1 (pH 8.5) containing 0.1% β-ME at room temperature for 2.0 hrs with constant shaking, centrifuged in an Eppendorf centrifuge for 5 minutes, and the radioactivity of the supernatant determined. The supernatant was then subjected to preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (3 mm thick, 8–25% linear acrylamide gradient), briefly stained and destained, the gel cut into appropriate sections, and the radioactivity of each section determined. The major amount of recovered radioactivity was accounted for by the major storage proteins 7S and 11S (60%). The 11S proteins contained more radioactivity than the 7S proteins. A significant amount of radioactivity (26%) was also associated with polypeptides with molecular weights ≤ 30,000 daltons excluding the 11S protein. These data show that the major storage proteins of soybeans are a good source of selenium and have a potential as a source of selenium for human food purposes.
Recurring slope lineae and chlorides on the surface of Mars

Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) are dark streaks that appear on steep slopes on the martian surface. While their apparent movement suggests liquid flow, remote sensing studies have not found evidence of fresh water. Some RSL have been observed at temperatures below the freezing point of water; if liquid water is present, therefore, it is likely in the form of a brine. In contrast to studies of other dissolved species such as perchlorates, this study explores the possibility of chloride as a dissolved component in RSL. Using Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) decorrelation stretch (DCS) products and HiRISE images, the presence of chloride lag deposits at RSL sites was assessed on a global scale. Though faint potential chloride signatures were detected at two RSL sites, emissivity spectra showed no significant variation from surrounding geology. No other RSL showed indications of chlorides. Using a simple model, the upper limit of chloride required for positive detection is estimated to be ~30 ± 15 g/m2. The total brine required to produce a detectable lag deposit is ~80 ± 35 mL/m2 at a eutectic concentration of calcium chloride. Over the last climate cycle, brine production could be up to 8 ± 3 x 10−4 mL/m2-yr without producing a detectable lag deposit. Based on these results, we conclude that chloride abundance is not the limiting factor for RSL generation. RSL could be produced by capillary wicking of chloride-rich brines to the surface, where small amounts of brine produce lag deposits below the detection limits of currently orbiting instruments.
Heart Failure, Diabetes Mellitus, and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Clinical Conundrum

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure (HF) commonly coexist, with diabetes mellitus occurring in ≈25% of patients with chronic HF and ~40% in those hospitalized with acute HF.1 Importantly, the presence of diabetes mellitus in HF is associated with reduced survival and increased rates of hospitalization compared with HF patients without diabetes mellitus.1 Despite the common and dangerous coexistence of diabetes mellitus and HF, the optimal management of diabetes mellitus in patients with established HF is not well defined, and the presence of HF complicates the pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia.2 For example, thiazolidinediones are associated with greater rates of HF hospitalization and should be avoided in symptomatic HF patients.3 Additionally, the risk of hypoglycemia with sulfonylureas and insulin may be particularly relevant. See Article by Patel et al The presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) further complicates the treatment of diabetes mellitus in HF patients. Approximately 40% to 50% of HF patients have CKD,4 and the severity of renal dysfunction is associated with a graded increased risk of death.4,5 Similar to HF, pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with CKD is challenging, with few studies to guide treatment in this population. As CKD progresses, most of the oral antihyperglycemic medications must be reduced or discontinued depending on renal clearance.6,7 Metformin is contraindicated in patients with advanced CKD (eGFR <30 mL/min per …
The safety of sacubitril-valsartan for the treatment of chronic heart failure.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Sacubitril-valsartan is a combination drug that contains the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril and angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan. In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration approved sacubitril-valsartan for treatment of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and New York Heart Association class II-IV symptoms following a large, Phase III clinical trial (PARADIGM-HF) that demonstrated a 20% reduction in the combined primary end-point of death from cardiovascular cause or hospitalization for heart failure compared to enalapril.Areas covered: This review discusses the clinical efficacy and safety of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril-valsartan in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.Expert opinion: Based on the PARADIGM-HF trial, sacubitril-valsartan offers compelling reductions in meaningful clinical endpoints, independent of age or severity of disease. The rate of adverse events was comparable between the enalapril and sacubitril-va...
Effects of Weight-Loss Medications on Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Background & Aims We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the overall and comparative effects of weight-loss medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for long-term use on cardiometabolic risk profiles of obese adults. Methods We performed a systematic literature review through February 28, 2017 to identify randomized clinical trials of the effects of Food and Drug Administration−approved weight-loss medications (ie, orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone-bupropion, phentermine-topiramate, and liraglutide) administered to obese adults for 1 year or more, compared with placebo or another active agent. Outcomes of interest included changes in blood glucose (fasting blood glucose [FBG] and hemoglobin A1c), cholesterol profile (low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoproteins), blood pressure (BP; systolic/diastolic), and waist circumference (WC). We performed pair-wise and network meta-analyses with outcomes reported as weighted and standardized mean differences. Quality of evidence was rated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Results In a meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials (29,018 participants; median body mass index, 36.1 kg/m 2 ), we associated weight-loss medications with a modest decrease in FBG (weighted mean difference, 4.0 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, –4.4 to –3.6 mg/dL) and WC (weighted mean difference, reduction of 3.3 cm; 95% confidence interval, –3.5 to –3.1 cm), without clinically meaningful changes in systolic/diastolic BP or cholesterol profile vs placebo (standardized mean difference Conclusions In a systematic review and network meta-analysis, we found Food and Drug Administration−approved weight-loss medications to have only modest positive effects on cardiometabolic risk profile. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term cardiometabolic benefits of these medications. PROSPERO: CRD42016039486.
Coulomb-Born Approximation for the Calculation of (e,2e) Cross-Sections

We use the Coulomb-Born approximation for the calculation of the triple differential cross section for electron impact ionization of atoms. We present a perturbation expansion that allows the use of Coulomb waves with arbitrary Zeff for the initial and final states, overcoming the difficulties that arise in standard perturbation expansions when expanding Coulomb functions and transition amplitudes. Inclusion of the electron-electron coulomb normalization factor into the final state wave function gives a remarkably good agreement with recent experimental results of the triple differential cross section for He at energies close to threshold. We integrate the triple differential cross section over the angles of the ejected electron and compute the density of the generalized oscillator strength of atomic hydrogen, and investigate its dependency on the impact energy.
Thoughtless design of the electronic health record drives overuse, but purposeful design can nudge improved patient care.

In his book on the psychology of persuasion, Robert Cialdini noted: “as the stimuli saturating our lives continue to grow more intricate and variable, we will have to depend increasingly on our shortcuts to handle them all”.1 Such cognitive shortcuts, or heuristics, are responsible for much of human success in complex environments. Heuristics allow us to skip steps and save mental energy. Similarly, emotions provide a shorthand for remembering and reacting to complex situations and sociability allows us to function well in groups. Medicine is the art of managing complexity. Physicians’ success similarly depends on effective use of these heuristics, emotion and sociability. When admitting a patient to the hospital, a physician must diagnose the presenting symptoms, reconcile and start medications, order diagnostic testing, communicate with consultants and participate in shared-decision making. In ambulatory visits, the time pressure and tasks are slightly different, but comparably complex. In both scenarios, triaging and simultaneously managing all of the complex processes require incredible mental energy, made even more difficult by frequent interruptions.2 If every decision had to be made in an ordered, fully informed manner, we would never complete even a single patient encounter. It is no wonder we lean on heuristics and emotional and social influences in our decision-making. They often serve us well. Despite their utility, heuristics, emotion and social influences can lead to predictably poor choices. Richard Thaler won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Economics, largely for recognising this fact.3 Thaler also described a process, termed ‘nudging’, by which environments are re-designed to take advantage of heuristics to encourage better choices.4 Thaler’s work focuses on public policy and public health, but the same concepts of environment influencing behaviour is seen in the interaction between physician decision-making and the design of the electronic health record (EHR). For better or …
Axons of sacral preganglionic neurons in the cat: I. Origin, initial segment, and myelination.

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the cat sacral spinal cord innervate intraspinal neurons and pelvic target organs. Retrograde tracing studies have revealed little of the morphology of their axons including their origin, initial segments, or their myelin, due to methodological limitations. Intracellular labeling of single neurons with neurobiotin or HRP has overcome these problems. Axons were studied in 24 preganglionic neurons. In 21 neurons the axon originated as a branch of a dendrite, without a detectable axon hillock, at distances from the soma ranging from 10 to 110 μm (average 34.1 μm ). In 3 neurons the axon was derived from the soma. Initial segments, present in all cells, ranged from 15 to 40 μm (average 26.8 μm). Nearly all axons followed the initial segment with unmyelinated segments that varied between 59 to 630 μm, followed by myelin and nodes of Ranvier. Internodal distances were variable and relatively short (average 93 μm). Axonal diameters measured over the intraspinal course in 18 axons averaged 1.3 μm (range 0.6–2.4 μm) and were relatively constant compared with other neurons. Spine-like protrusions were observed on the initial segments of 12 cells. Axon collaterals originated from unmyelinated sections and nodes of Ranvier. Antidromic action potentials showing initial segment, soma-dendritic inflections, did not differentiate between soma-derived and dendrite-derived axons. The data suggest that axons originating from a dendrite are the normal structure of preganglionic neurons in the lateral sacral parasympathetic nucleus. It is proposed that the particular structure of these axons may be part of a timing mechanism that coordinates preganglionic neurons with other spinal neurons involved in target organ reflexes.
A Case Study for Use in Science Methods Courses

(1998). A Case Study for Use in Science Methods Courses. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 153-164.
Costly female appearance-enhancement provides cues of short-term mating effort: The case of cosmetic surgery

Abstract Across three studies, we explore the relationship between cosmetic surgery, which functions as a costly appearance-enhancement tactic, and women's short-term mating effort. Study 1 demonstrates that women who exert increased short-term mating effort are more accepting of costly appearance-enhancement techniques (i.e., cosmetic surgery), but not relatively low-cost appearance-enhancement techniques (i.e., facial cosmetics). Study 2 and 3 further show that both men and women use information regarding a female targets' cosmetic surgery usage to infer increased short-term mating effort. Moreover, Study 3 demonstrates that inferences of short-term mating effort do not differ as a function of whether the target received facial or body cosmetic surgery. The findings of the current research demonstrate that women's engagement in extreme beautification procedures can influence others' perceptions of their short-term mating effort.
Initial Development and Validation of the Student Wellbeing Teacher-Report Scale

Given that youth mental health is associated with success in school and life more broadly, it is important that school-based psychological service providers embrace best-practice prevention and intervention strategies that target mental health when working with student populations. One line of study in this area has begun exploring the incorporation of a dual-factor model of mental health within universal screening systems in schools. The dual-factor model is differentiated from the traditional unidimensional mental health model, which focuses on the presence or absence of psychopathology, by conceptualizing mental health alternatively as consisting of both psychopathology and wellbeing dimensions. The present study involved the preliminary development and validation of the Student Wellbeing Teacher-Report Scale (SWTRS)—a brief behavior rating scale intended as a screening tool for measuring the wellbeing dimension of youths’ mental health at school. Specifically, the study involved drafting pilot items for the SWTRS and explored their latent factor structure, concurrent validity with school-related outcomes (i.e., attendance, academic achievement, and time on-task), as well as concurrent and incremental validity in comparison with two psychopathology screeners. Results suggested that the SWTRS items may better represent three context-specific indicators of youth wellbeing behavior—(a) academic, (b) social, and (c) emotional wellbeing—rather than the hypothesized “feeling good” and “functioning well” dimensions. The SWTRS scores also demonstrated incremental validity and were uniformly stronger concurrent predictors of all school-related outcomes compared to the psychopathology scales. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Wideband Beam Steering Using a 4-Arm Spiral Array for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) Operation

We demonstrate a wideband scanning 4-arm spiral antenna array with high transmit/receive isolation for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR). STAR increases a channel's spectral efficiency by transmitting and receiving across the full bandwidth of a channel. To our knowledge, this is the first STAR array to demonstrate scanning across GHz bandwidths. Each 4-arm spiral element is divided into two arms for transmit and two more for receive. To suppress grating lobes, the element spacing is kept at less than λ/2. A 3×3 array prototype was fabricated and measurements agree well with simulations.
Functional Neuroanatomy of Psychiatric Disorders

The literature on the functional neuroanatomy of psychiatric disorders is growing and is certain to expand in the future. To prepare psychiatric residents for the inevitable transformation in how psychiatric disorders are conceptualized and treated, we have created a course focusing on the functional neuroanatomy of psychiatric disorders. The four sections of the course include neuroanatomy, functional neuroimaging techniques, cognitive neuroscience, and current evidence on the neuroanatomical basis of psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes the organization and content of the course and the very favorable evaluations of the course by residents.
Multi-stage pore development in Ag foams by the reduction of Ag2O and CuO mixtures

Abstract Pore expansion in solid metals is typically driven by an entrapped gas phase, such that temperature directly determines both the pressure within the pores and the ability of the matrix to plastically deform. This approach fundamentally limits the total porosity, as all pores are active simultaneously, which quickly results in coalescence and percolation. The method introduced here converts dispersed oxide particles to a gaseous reactant using reduction, such that independent stages of pore formation and expansion can be achieved by using more than one oxide chemistry. This is demonstrated using silver and copper oxides distributed within a silver matrix. As the temperature is raised, the silver oxide reduces first and creates porosity. As the temperature is raised further, the copper oxide reduces and creates additional porosity. This allows the pore morphology and grain size to be uniquely controlled while still maintaining the simplicity and scalability of the process. The microstructural development is studied through a combination of isothermal annealing, optical dilatometry, and focused ion beam cross-sectioning, and implications and strategies for other alloy systems are discussed.
Development of 3D neuromuscular bioactuators

Neuronal control of skeletal muscle bioactuators represents a critical milestone toward the realization of future biohybrid machines that may generate complex motor patterns and autonomously navigate through their environment. Animals achieve these feats using neural networks that generate robust firing patterns and coordinate muscle activity through neuromuscular units. Here, we designed a versatile 3D neuron-muscle co-culture platform to serve as a test-bed for neuromuscular bioactuators. We used our platform in conjunction with microelectrode array electrophysiology to study the roles of synergistic interactions in the co-development of neural networks and muscle tissues. Our platform design enables co-culture of a neuronal cluster with up to four target muscle actuators, as well as quantification of muscle contraction forces. Using engineered muscle tissue targets, we first demonstrated the formation of functional neuromuscular bioactuators. We then investigated possible roles of long-range interactions in neuronal outgrowth patterns and observed preferential outgrowth toward muscles compared to the acellular matrix or fibroblasts, indicating muscle-specific chemotactic cues acting on motor neurons. Next, we showed that co-cultured muscle strips exhibited significantly higher spontaneous contractility as well as improved sarcomere assembly compared to muscles cultured alone. Finally, we performed microelectrode array measurements on neuronal cultures, which revealed that muscle-conditioned medium enhances overall neural firing rates and the emergence of synchronous bursting patterns. Overall, our study illustrates the significance of neuron-muscle cross talk for the in vitro development of neuromuscular bioactuators.
Significant variables for leakage and collapse of buried concrete sewer pipes: a global sensitivity analysis via Bayesian additive regression trees and Sobol’ indices

Identifying key variables that influence crack formation in buried concrete sewer pipes and impact their structural integrity is crucial for evaluating the leakage and collapse vulnerability of the...
Tegoprazan to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder in the United States. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the mainstay of therapy for GERD and its complications, they have several limitations, including incomplete symptom resolution. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) were developed to address the limitations of PPIs as well as the need for improved antisecretory effects. Tegoprazan, the newest P-CAB, was approved in 2018 in South Korea for the treatment of erosive esophagitis (EE) and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). A highly selective inhibitor of the H+/K+-ATPase, tegoprazan is also safe and effective for nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB) and motility. Further studies of tegoprazan are warranted to define its potential role in the treatment of acid-related disorders.
Individual Differences in Response to Supervised Exercise Therapy for Peripheral Artery Disease.

Nonresponse to exercise has been extensively examined in young athletes but is seldom reported in studies of aerobic exercise interventions in older adults. This study examined the prevalence of no...
Discounted cash flow valuation of conventional and cage-free production investments

This study compares profitability and risk of conventional and cage-free egg production in the United States. Evaluating cage-free production is particularly relevant given ongoing consumer driven ...
Perceptions of Hematology Among Palliative Care Physicians: Results of a Nationwide Survey

Abstract Context Palliative care integration for patients with hematologic diseases has lagged behind solid-organ malignancies. Previous work has characterized hematologist perspectives, but less is known about palliative care physician views of this phenomenon. Objectives To examine palliative care physician attitudes and beliefs regarding hematologic diseases, patient care, and collaboration. Methods A 44-item survey containing Likert and free-response items was mailed to 1000 AAHPM physician members. Sections explored respondent comfort with specific diagnoses, palliative care integration, relationships with hematologists, and hematology-specific patient care. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to compare parallel Likert responses. Free responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The response rate was 55.5%. Respondents reported comfort managing symptoms in leukemia (84.0%), lymphoma (92.1%), multiple myeloma (92.9%), and following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (51.6%). Fewer expressed comfort with understanding disease trajectory (64.9%, 75.7%, 78.5%, and 35.4%) and discussing prognosis (71.0%, 82.6%, 81.6%, and 40.6%). 97.6% of respondents disagreed that palliative care and hematology are incompatible. 50.6% felt that palliative care physicians’ limited hematology-specific knowledge hinders collaboration. 89.4% felt that relapse should trigger referral. 80.0% felt that hospice referrals occurred late. In exploring perceptions of hematology-palliative care relationships, three themes were identified: misperceptions of palliative care, desire for integration, and lacking a shared model of understanding. Conclusion These data inform efforts to integrate palliative care into hematologic care at large, echoing previous studies of hematologist perspectives. Palliative care physicians express enthusiasm for caring for these patients, desire for improved understanding of palliative care, and ongoing opportunities to improve hematology-specific knowledge and skills.
Stereotype Threat Theory in Organizational Research: Constructive Analysis and Future Research Agenda:

Stereotype threat theory (STT), which seeks to understand intergroup differences in socioeconomic outcomes, has attracted considerable attention since its inception. With the goal of advancing conv...
Shining a Light on Colibactin Biology.

Colibactin is a secondary metabolite encoded by the pks gene island identified in several Enterobacteriaceae, including some pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) commonly enriched in mucosal tissue collected from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. E. coli harboring this biosynthetic gene cluster cause DNA damage and tumorigenesis in cell lines and pre-clinical models, yet fundamental knowledge regarding colibactin function is lacking. To accurately assess the role of pks+ E. coli in cancer etiology, the biological mechanisms governing production and delivery of colibactin by these bacteria must be elucidated. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in our understanding of colibactin’s structural mode-of-action and mutagenic potential with consideration for how this activity may be regulated by physiologic conditions within the intestine.
Reactivation of silenced α-N-catenin induces retinoic acid sensitivity in neuroblastoma cells.

Abstract Background High-risk neuroblastoma remains the most difficult pediatric solid tumor to treat and is associated with chemotherapy and radiation resistance that may be secondary to epigenetic modifications. We have previously found that α-N-catenin, a cell-adhesion protein encoded by the gene CTNNA2, plays a tumor suppressor role in neuroblastoma by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. A subset of neuroblastoma tumors that lack α-N-catenin are resistant to all-trans retinoic acid. However, the mechanism of CTNNA2 silencing in neuroblastoma remains unknown. Herein, we sought to determine the mechanism of α-N-catenin silencing in neuroblastoma. Methods Two human neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-AS and BE(2)-C, were stably transfected with a plasmid expressing CTNNA2. Both cell lines were treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A alone and in combination with retinoic acid. Cell survival and colony formation were measured. Cellular differentiation and expression of cell survival signaling pathways were analyzed. Immunoblotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to examine protein and messenger RNA expression. Results Retinoic acid treatment induced cellular differentiation and inhibited cellular proliferation in BE(2)-C cells but did not induce differentiation in SK-N-AS cells. Re-expression of α-N-catenin enhanced the sensitivity to retinoic acid-induced cell growth arrest and downregulated key cell survival pathways in both cell lines. Trichostatin A treatment induced CTNNA2 expression in SK-N-AS cells, and combination treatment with Trichostatin A induced retinoic acid sensitivity in retinoic acid-resistant cells. Conclusion Re-expression of α-N-catenin in retinoic acid-resistant cells induced sensitivity to retinoic acid treatment and is controlled epigenetically via histone deacetylase. α-N-catenin is a potential biomarker for retinoic acid sensitivity and combination treatment with Trichostatin A and retinoic acid may improve survival among children with high-risk, retinoic acid-resistant neuroblastoma.
Characterization of mutant type VII collagens underlying the inversa subtype of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Abstract Background Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) lack functional type VII collagen (C7) leading to skin fragility, bullae, and erosive wounds. RDEB-Inversa (RDEB-I), a subset of RDEB, is characterized by lesions localized to body areas with higher skin temperatures such as flexures and skin folds. Objective We aimed to determine if C7 derived from RDEB-I mutations had structural and functional aberrancies that were temperature sensitive and could be reversed by lowering the temperature. Methods In this study, we generated 12 substitution mutations associated with RDEB-I via site-directed mutagenesis and purified recombinant C7 protein. These C7 mutants were evaluated for structural parameters (trimer formation and protease sensitivity) and the ability to promote keratinocyte migration at 37 °C (the temperature of skin folds) and 30 °C (the maximum skin temperature of arms and legs). Fibroblasts derived from RDEB-I patients were evaluated for C7 secretion and cellular migration at both temperatures. Results C7s from RDEB-I mutations exhibited decreased thermal stability, increased sensitivity to protease digestion, diminished formation of collagen trimers, and reduced ability to promote keratinocyte migration compared with wild-type C7. In addition, fibroblasts derived from RDEB-I patients demonstrated intracellular accumulation of C7 and abnormal cell migration at 37 °C. All of these aberrancies were corrected by reducing the temperature to 30 °C. C7s generated from severe-RDEB mutations (non-Inversa) did not display temperature-dependent perturbations. Conclusion These data demonstrate that RDEB-I mutations generate C7 aberrancies that are temperature dependent. This may explain why RDEB-I patients develop clinical lesions in areas where their skin is considerably warmer.
On Flow Barriers in Discontinuous Dynamical Systems

In this chapter, the theory and concept of flow barriers in discontinuous dynamical systems is presented. The coming and leaving flow barriers are discussed first, followed by the boundary flow barriers relative to the corresponding domains on the boundary. This chapter is dedicated to the 65th birthday of Prof. Valentin Afraimovich.
Shared Genetic Risk Factors in Autoimmune Liver Disease

To determine if shared genetic risk factors for autoimmune liver disease affect clinical manifestations, we evaluated 271 patients and 92 normal subjects by DNA-based techniques. Genetic risk factors were intermixed in all conditions, and frequency varied according to disease type. DR4 distinguished autoimmune hepatitis (P = 0.0002) and primary biliary cirrhosis (P = 0.004) from primary sclerosing cholangitis. DR52 distinguished primary sclerosing cholangitis from autoimmune hepatitis (P = 0.0007) and primary biliary cirrhosis (P = 0.00007) and DR3 distinguished autoimmune hepatitis (P = 0.002) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (P = 0.0005) from primary biliary cirrhosis. Only the occurrence of DR4 in primary sclerosing cholangitis was lower than in normal subjects (P = 0.02). Patients with mixed genetic risk factors did not have distinctive features or manifestations of hybrid conditions. We conclude that patients with shared genetic risk factors do not have characteristic features nor do they have overlap syndromes. DR4 may be protective against primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation in the Modern Ocean: Implications for the Sedimentary Record

A variety of biological processes associated with upper ocean phyto- and zooplankton may be important in determining the isotopic composition of organic matter sedimenting to the sea floor. In the modern ocean, the natural abundance of 15N (δ15N) varies in a regular way within planktonic ecosystems as a result of biological isotopic fractionation: the δ15N of the primary producers depends on the isotopic composition of the inorganic forms of nitrogen used as a substrate for growth, while the natural abundance of 15N in zooplankton increases as a function of trophic position, with an average increment of about 3.5‰ per trophic step. Among the processes that are likely to be of critical importance in determining the δ15N of sedimenting organic matter are the uptake of inorganic nitrogen by phytoplankton, the remineralization of nutrients within the euphotic zone and the production of rapidly-sinking fecal pellets and detrital particles by zooplankton. In addition, a number of recent studies provide evidence that the isotopic signature of different components of planktonic ecosystems may vary dynamically on time scales of days to months in response to perturbations in the nitrogen cycle such as wind-induced vertical mixing or seasonal variations in production. As a result of such temporal changes and the filtering of the isotopic signal that occurs as nitrogen moves through the planktonic food web, the δ15N of sedimentary organic material is likely to be most useful in studying processes that affect planktonic ecosystems as a whole. The utility of δ15N measurements in paleoceanographic studies will be greatly enhanced by additional study of the ways in which the physiological processes of phyto- and zooplankton discriminate between the nitrogen isotopes. In this paper, I review the areas of plankton biology that are most relevant to paleoceanographic applications of 15N natural abundance measurements, and provide a brief overview of areas of current research interest.
Optimize out-of-core thermionic energy conversion for nuclear electric propulsion

Current designs for out of core thermionic energy conversion (TEC) to power nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) were evaluated. Approaches to improve out of core TEC are emphasized and probabilities for success are indicated. TEC gains are available with higher emitter temperatures and greater power densities. Good potentialities for accommodating external high temperature, high power density TEC with heat pipe cooled reactors exist.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is related to, but distinct from, premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Whereas PMS is an umbrella term for emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that result in general “discomfort” before a woman's period, PMDD is a diagnosis listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as a severe, debilitating form of premenstrual distress. Since the 1980s, there has been extensive debate and public controversy over whether or not a PMS-related condition should be considered a psychiatric disorder. The controversies over the creation and inclusion of a premenstrually related diagnosis involve multiple groups, including psychiatrists, clinicians, feminists, gynecologists, and the media. PMDD is an important site of sociological study because of three primary issues: the politics of gender, medicalization, and the construction of diagnoses and contested illness. Keywords: medicalization; mental health; sociology of health and illness; women
An Architecture of Perfection

Noted art historian William H. Goodyear (1846–1923) spent the better part of his career documenting what he called the “widening refinement,” the intentionally out-of-plumb construction of Gothic churches. Builders, he believed, inclined their walls in service of a sophisticated art of irregularity designed to grant vitality to their edifices. Yet such a practice was antithetical to the motives of the Gothic masters, for whom these deformations due to vault thrusts were unwelcome—for whom wall plumb was an imperative not only of constructional but also of theological order. In An Architecture of Perfection, Andrew Tallon uses evidence of an ideal of rectilinearity found in scripture and its medieval exegesis, in which moral and architectural perfection are explicitly linked, along with analysis of the cathedrals of Chartres and Bourges using laser technology to demonstrate that rectilinear perfection was actively sought—and attained.
Field measurements and scaling of ocean surface wave‐breaking statistics

[1] Deep-water breaking waves provide a mechanism for mass, momentum, and energy transfer between the atmosphere and ocean. Microscale breaking is particularly important, but notoriously difficult to measure in the field. In this paper, measurements from a new technique, using a stereo pair of long-wave infrared cameras to reconstruct the sea surface shape and velocity field, are presented. Breakers are detected using an image texture-based algorithm and then tracked on the reconstructed surface. These waves range from large air-entraining breakers to microbreakers that are undetectable by traditional visible video-based techniques. This allows measurements of breaker length distributions, Λ(c), that extend to velocities near the gravity-capillary transition. These distributions are compared with measurements from the literature and from visible video imagery. A nondimensional scaling is proposed which collapses Λ(c). Finally, estimates of energy dissipation and stress based on Λ(c) are found to agree well with wave energy dissipation and wind stress models.
Accurate atom-mapping computation for biochemical reactions.

The complete atom mapping of a chemical reaction is a bijection of the reactant atoms to the product atoms that specifies the terminus of each reactant atom. Atom mapping of biochemical reactions is useful for many applications of systems biology, in particular for metabolic engineering where synthesizing new biochemical pathways has to take into account for the number of carbon atoms from a source compound that are conserved in the synthesis of a target compound. Rapid, accurate computation of the atom mapping(s) of a biochemical reaction remains elusive despite significant work on this topic. In particular, past researchers did not validate the accuracy of mapping algorithms. We introduce a new method for computing atom mappings called the minimum weighted edit-distance (MWED) metric. The metric is based on bond propensity to react and computes biochemically valid atom mappings for a large percentage of biochemical reactions. MWED models can be formulated efficiently as Mixed-Integer Linear Programs (MI...