cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-284: Multiscale systems pharmacology model for time sequence combination chemotherapy in breast cancer

Background: HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) is more quickly-growing and aggressive than other types of BC. Trastuzumab (TZM) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against HER2 receptor. It is clinically used for BC in combination with paclitaxel (PAC) in a 24 h sequence treatment during the first week of therapy followed by a simultaneous administration during the subsequent weeks. To our knowledge there is no scientific rationale for such therapeutic regimes. We propose to develop and optimize a sequential combination of PAC+TZM to optimize their anti-tumoral activity, and hence, HER2+ BC patients’ outcome. Method: Six therapeutic regimens were investigated in vivo on Balbc nude mice xenografted with BT474 cells, a human breast cancer cell line that overexpresses HER2 receptor, including 1) a tumor priming regimen (TPR) with PAC administered 24 h prior to TZM, 2) reverse-TPR with TZM administration first then PAC 24 h later, 3) simultaneous administration of both drugs, 4) PAC alone, 5) TZM alone, 6) vehicle as a control. The doses were 10 and 3 mg/kg for PAC and TZM. The anti-tumoral response in all treatment arms was monitored over time through the measurement of the reduction in tumor volumes as well as animals survival. Results: In vivo studies showed a greater tumor volume shrinkage response in the animals from the TPR treatment arm compared to the other therapeutic schemes with: 1) an enhanced in vivo antitumor response, and 2) a longer animal survival. These results support our in vitro findings of drug synergy and apoptosis. Conclusion: TPR anti-tumor results are promising. The proposed research will develop and employ a systems pharmacology model based on our results to hypothesize optimal regimens for the association (PAC+TZM) breast cancer killing, which will be tested in vivo. Citation Format: Sihem Ait-Oudhia. Multiscale systems pharmacology model for time sequence combination chemotherapy in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-284.
Over-the-scope clip-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection of epithelial and subepithelial GI lesions.

Background and Aims Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) allows for definitive diagnosis and treatment of select subepithelial and epithelial lesions unsuitable to conventional resection techniques. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of over-the-scope (OTS) clip-assisted EFTR for these lesions. Methods Patients who underwent OTS clip-assisted EFTR between June 2014 and October 2015 were analyzed. The procedure involved (1) thermal marking of the periphery of the lesion; (2) lesion suction into the cap of either an OTSC (Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Tubingen, Germany) or Padlock clip (Aponos Medical Corp, Kingston, NH, USA) with or without triprong anchor retraction of the lesion; (3) clip deployment; and (4) en bloc resection of the lesion above the clip using an electrosurgical snare and/or knife. Data were abstracted for demographics, lesion features, histopathologic diagnoses, R0 resection (negative margins) status, and adverse events. Results Nine patients (7 men) with a mean age of 63 ± 9.6 years were identified. The endoscopic findings included subepithelial lesions in the duodenum (n = 4), rectosigmoid colon (n = 2), stomach (n = 1), and postappendectomy appendiceal orifice polyps (n = 2). The mean lesion size was 8 ± 3 mm and the mean procedure time 53 ± 21 minutes. R0 resection was confirmed in all cases. The histopathologic diagnoses included neuroendocrine tumors (n = 6), sessile serrated adenomas (n = 2), and pancreatic heterotopia (n = 1). No adverse events were noted. Conclusions OTS clip-assisted EFTR is an effective and safe technique for the removal of select subepithelial and epithelial lesions that are not amenable to conventional resection techniques.
Analysis of the Onset of Shear Localization Using Exact Linear Solutions

ABSTRACT The problem of shear localization in thermal viscoplastic materials is investigated using a linear stability theory. When the material is assumed not to exhibit strain hardening, exact solutions can be obtained for the quasi-static problem. We use these exact solutions to examine the validity of the different approximations used for the analysis of the linear system of equations. Further, we examine inertial effects on the onset of localization. Application of this analysis to a power-law material is considered.
Jumbo Cup Causes Hip Center Elevation in Revision THA

Introduction: Acetabular revision Jumbo cups are used in revision hip surgeries to allow for large bone to implant contact and stability. However, jumbo cups may also result in hip center elevation and instability. They may also protrude through anterior wall leading to ilopsoas tendinitis. Methods: The study was conducted using two methods: Computer simulation study 265 pelvic CT scans consisting of 158 males and 107 females were converted to virtual 3-dimensional bones. The average native acetabular diameter was 52.0 mm, SD = 4.0 mm (males in 52.4 mm, SD = 2.8 mm and 46.4 mm, SD = 2.6 mm in females). Images were analyzed by custom CT analytical software (SOMA™ V.3.2) 1 and over-sized reaming was simulated. Four distinct points, located in and around the acetabular margins, were used to determine the reamer sphere. Points 1, 2, 3 were located at the inferior and inferior-medial acetabular margins, and Point 4 was located superiorly and posteriorly in the acetabulum to simulate a bony defect in this location, Point 4 was placed at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of the distance from the superior – posterior margin of the acetabular rim to the sciatic notch to simulate bony defects of increasing size. (Figure 1) Radiographical study Retrospective chart review of patient records for all cementless acetabular revisions utilizing jumbo cups between January 1, 1998 and March 30, 2012 at UCFS (98 patients with 57 men, 41 women). Jumbo cups: ≥66 mm in males; Results: The computer simulation and radiographic analysis deomonstrated similar results. The computer simulation predicted that the hip center shifted superiorly and anteriorly as the reamer size increased. The hip center shifted 0.27 mm superiorly and 0.02 mm anteriorly for every millimeter in diameter increased for the reaming. (Figure 2) Anterior column bone removal was increased 0.86 mm for every 1 mm of reamer size increase. (Figure 3) Results of radiographical study is shown in Table bellow: Discussion: Use of a jumbo cup in revision THA results in elevation of the hip center. Therefore a longer femoral head may be needed to compensate for hip center elevation when a jumbo cup is used. Reaming for a jumbo cup can also result in loss of anterior bone stock and protrusion of the cup anteriorly which may cause iliopsoas tendonitis.
A Novel Pathology-Based Preoperative Risk Score to Predict Locoregional Residual and Distant Disease and Survival for Incidental Gallbladder Cancer: A 10-Institution Study from the U.S. Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium

This study was designed to develop a more robust predictive model, beyond T-stage alone, for incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) for discovering locoregional residual (LRD) and distant disease (DD) at reoperation, and estimating overall survival (OS). T-stage alone is currently used to guide treatment for incidental gallbladder cancer. Residual disease at re-resection is the most important factor in predicting outcomes. All patients with IGBC who underwent reoperation at 10 institutions from 2000 to 2015 were included. Routine pathology data from initial cholecystectomy was utilized to create the gallbladder cancer predictive risk score (GBRS). Of 449 patients with gallbladder cancer, 262 (58 %) were incidentally discovered and underwent reoperation. Advanced T-stage, grade, and presence of lymphovascular (LVI) and perineural (PNI) invasion were all associated with increased rates of DD and LRD and decreased OS. Each pathologic characteristic was assigned a value (T1a: 0, T1b: 1, T2: 2, T3/4: 3; well-diff: 1, mod-diff: 2, poor-diff: 3; LVI-neg: 1, LVI-pos: 2; PNI-neg: 1, PNI-pos: 2), which added to a total GBRS score from 3 to 10. The scores were separated into three risk-groups (low: 3–4, intermediate: 5–7, high: 8–10). Each progressive GBRS group was associated with an increased incidence LRD and DD at the time of re-resection and reduced OS. By accounting for subtle pathologic variations within each T-stage, this novel predictive risk-score better stratifies patients with incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer. Compared with T-stage alone, it more accurately identifies patients at risk for locoregional-residual and distant disease and predicts long-term survival as it redistributes T1b, T2, and T3 disease across separate risk-groups based on additional biologic features. This score may help to optimize treatment strategy for patients with incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer.
Quality Bible Translation in Minority Languages: Can It Be Done?:

This article aims to establish that a Bible team translating the Bible in a minority language can have the same level of quality as a translation carried out by a large, well-funded team in a natio...
Reconceptualising Relational Aggression as Strategic Communication: Girls, Goals, and Their Peer Groups.

Since its inception, relational aggression has been conceptualised as a set of destructive attempts by young girls to get their own way, and these aggressive acts have been demonised in public and media debate. This article challenges the prevailing developmental psychopathologisation literature to centre the focus on functionality, positioning relational aggression as a set of behaviours that are used as specific communication strategies. A ‘Girls’ Relational Aggression Communication Model’ is provided as a new conceptual framework that integrates positioning subtypes from the literature: ‘popular’, ‘regular’, and ‘tough’ girls. This reconceptualised communication model is a contribution to the field as it enhances understanding of the nuances in girls’ relationships. In particular, it reframes the positioning of ‘tough’ girls, who have been largely ignored in relational aggression research.
MDA-MET-conditioned-medium augments the chemoattractant-dependent migration of MDA-MET cells towards hFOB-conditioned medium and increases collagenase activity

Metastasis of breast cancer displays site-specificity towards bone. Recently, studies have emerged indicating that primary tumors may remotely influence creation of a pre-metastatic niche. In this study, we used human fetal osteoblastic cells and MDA-MET, a metastatic and preferentially bone homing derivative of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. We examined 1) whether secreted factors from MDA-MET cells increase generation of chemoattractants by human foetal osteoblastic cells 2) whether MDA-MET cells were responsive to these chemoattractants and 3) the identity of these chemoattractants. Human foetal osteoblastic cells were treated with conditioned medium of MDA-MET cells for 24 hours and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline. Serum-free replacement medium was conditioned by treated hFOB cells for 18 hours, before its use in in vitro quantification of MDA-MET migration. We also quantified collagen levels and collagenase activity in conditioned medium from human foetal osteoblastic cells. Conditioned medium from human foetal osteoblastic cells that had been treated with MDA-MET-conditioned medium attracted more MDA-MET cells than hFOB cells pre-exposed to their own medium. This conditioned medium had increased collagenase activity. The addition of bacterial collagenase removed the ability of conditioned medium from human foetal osteoblastic cells to attract MDA-MET cells. Our data suggest that an increase in collagenase activity in osteoblastic cells induced by their exposure to breast cancer cell–secreted factors may increase their ability to attract breast cancer cells.
Addressing Hazardous Implications of Additive Manufacturing: Complementing Life Cycle Assessment with a Framework for Evaluating Direct Human Health and Environmental Impacts

Summary Additive manufacturing (AM) is transforming manufacturing technology and the distribution of production capital. As the use of three-dimensional printers begins to extend into homes, schools, and factories, the industry is not well equipped to address the potential for deleterious environmental and health impacts. Proactive assessment tools are needed so that materials developers and designers, printer operators, and print end users can create and choose the most appropriate and safe materials and AM processes based on their use cases. Current life cycle assessments (LCAs) do not provide sufficient information to support materials decisions based on concerns about hazard exposure. To address this shortcoming, we developed a framework that complements LCA with hazard and green design metrics derived from analyzing human health and environmental impacts in the later stages of the AM life cycle. We then identified suitable existing methodologies for evaluation across these stages and synthesized the methodologies into higher-level metrics for comparative analysis of materials. To illustrate the benefits of this framework, we compared two common AM materials: Autodesk Standard Clear Prototyping Resin (PR48), an open-source formulation used in photopolymerization processing AM, and bio–polylactic acid, a ubiquitous, biosourced polymer used in an extrusion-based AM system called fused filament fabrication.
Does Information Technology Help Improve Experiential Quality in Complex Service operations

Drawing on service operations literature and organizational information processing theory (OIPT), this study examines the effects of two types of organizational complexity, i.e., detail complexity ...
"Gay Equals White"? Racial, Ethnic, and Sexual Identities and Attitudes Toward LGBT Individuals Among College Students at a Bible Belt University.

While past research has certainly explored a variety of correlates of attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, the current study is among the first in an emerging line of inquiry that examines attitudes toward each of these groups separately utilizing an intersectional framework with special attention to racial, ethnic, and sexual identities. Using a college sample of students from the Bible Belt of the United States (N = 1,940), I investigated the roles of racial and ethnic identities (Caucasian/White, African American/Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American/Alaskan Native, other race, and Hispanic/Latinx), religiosity, patriarchal gender norms, parental perspectives, and the intersections among these identities and experiences as they relate to attitudes toward LGBT individuals among heterosexual (n = 1,551) and LGB respondents (n = 389). This moves beyond explorations of White heterosexual people’s attitudes about “homosexuals” (i.e., away from a focus only on...
Hardware Performance Counters Can Detect Malware: Myth or Fact?

The ever-increasing prevalence of malware has led to the explorations of various detection mechanisms. Several recent works propose to use Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs) values with machine learning classification models for malware detection. HPCs are hardware units that record low-level micro-architectural behavior, such as cache hits/misses, branch (mis)prediction, and load/store operations. However, this information does not reliably capture the nature of the application, i.e. whether it is benign or malicious. In this paper, we claim and experimentally support that using the micro-architectural level information obtained from HPCs cannot distinguish between benignware and malware. We evaluate the fidelity of malware detection using HPCs. We perform quantitative analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to systematically select micro-architectural events that have the most predictive powers. We then run 1,924 programs, 962 benignware and 962 malware, on our experimental setups. We achieve 83.39%, 84.84%, 83.59%, 75.01%, 78.75%, and 14.32% F1-score (a metric of detection rates) of Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Adaboost, Neural Net (NN), and Naive Bayes, respectively. We cross-validate our models 1,000 times to show the distributions of detection rates in various models. Our cross-validation analysis shows that many of the experiments produce low F1-scores. The F1-score of models in DT, RF, KNN, Adaboost, NN, and Naive Bayes is 80.22%, 81.29%, 80.22%, 70.32%, 35.66%, and 9.903%, respectively. To further highlight the incapability of malware detection using HPCs, we show that one benignware (Notepad++) infused with malware (ransomware) cannot be detected by HPC-based malware detection.
Partnerships Promote Translation in Biomedicine.

The term “translational research” trips lightly off the tongue, but the actual practice often proves elusive. I argue here that partnerships can prove pivotal in promoting the translation of laboratory studies to advances in clinical medicine. I focus particularly on what I will define as “
Misperception Is Reality: The “Reign of Error” About Peer Risk Behaviour Norms Among Youth and Young Adults

This chapter examines the possibility and prevalence of group members misperceiving the norms of their social group and the implications of this perceptual “error” for personal actions that are presumed to be influenced by these norms. The chapter focuses the theoretical discussion and review of empirical literature regarding misperceived norms on one broad topic area of applied research that has gained significant research attention in recent decades—specifically, norms about risk-related behaviours among youth and young adults. After an initial review the social science research demonstrating substantial discrepancies between actual and perceived norms for risk behaviour, four questions are addressed. First, to what extent are perceived norms empirically predictive of personal risk-related behaviours of adolescents and young adults. Second, what do these correlations look like independent of and in comparison with the association between actual norms and personal behaviour across populations? Third, what produces these misperceptions? And fourth, can misperceptions be corrected or altered by revealing accurate peer norms within the social group and do such interventions produce empirically measureable change in perceived norms and individual behaviour? The chapter concludes with discussion of emerging research on perceived norms that attempts to identify under what conditions perceived norms are most influential in determining personal behaviour.
Advances in Thin Film Nanoindentation

A new model of thin film indentation that accounted for an apparent discontinuity in elastic strain transfer at the film/substrate interface was developed. Finite element analysis suggested that numerical values of strain were not directly continuous across the interface; the values in the film were higher when a soft film was deposited on a hard substrate. The new model was constructed based on this discontinuity; whereby, separate weighting factors were applied to account for the influence of the substrate in strain developed in the film and vice-versa. By comparing the model to experimental data from thirteen different amorphous thin film materials on a silicon substrate, constants in each weighting factor were found to have physical significance in being numerically similar to the bulk scale Poisson’s ratios of the materials involved. When employing these material properties in the new model it was found to provide an improved match to the experimental data over the existing Doerner and Nix and Gao models. Finally, the model was found to be capable of assessing the Young’s modulus of thin films that do not exhibit a flat region as long as the bulk Poisson’s ratio is known.
Early History of the South Fork Dam

The history of the dam is intimately linked to the early transportation system in Pennsylvania. Philadelphia had been the center of commerce on the east coast. The success of the Erie Canal brought New York to prominence, surpassing Philadelphia. Prominent Pennsylvanians wanted an equivalent transportation artery to regain their stature. A great canal system and Portage Railroad were built to connect the rivers, east and west. It was soon realized that dams were needed to supply water during dry seasons to maintain the boat traffic. The South Fork dam was planned to supply water to the canal and waterway west of the Alleghenies. After many years of delays it was finally completed in 1852 and provided good service. However, by the mid-1850’s the canal system and its dams were virtually obsolete because trans-state rail service had been established. The entire system was sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1857, but fell into disrepair.
Origins of Family Business Research

This chapter seeks to identify contributions that led to major research themes that are fundamental in the family business body of knowledge. We found significant influences not only from academic scholars but also practitioners, especially in the early stages of the development of the field. This chapter documents the origins of research streams that dominate family business scholarship as measured by citation count. Following our categorization of topics, we propose directions for future research that may build on the seminal works.
Prostate Artery Embolization in Patients with Prostate Volumes of 80 mL or More: A Single-Institution Retrospective Experience of 93 Patients

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of prostate artery embolization (PAE) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia for prostates ≥ 80 mL. Patients and Methods A retrospective review was conducted of 93 patients with prostate volumes (PVs) ≥ 80 mL treated with PAE from April 2014 through October 2017. Mean patient age was 68.5 years (range 52–88) and mean age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was 3.2 (range 1–8). Exclusion criteria included history of biopsy-proven prostate cancer or catheter dependency. Clinical and urodynamic outcomes were reviewed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Adverse events were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results Mean PV decreased significantly from 141.7 mL to 98.1 mL at 3 months (P Conclusions PAE achieved a clinically and statistically significant improvement in symptom burden and secondary outcome measures in patients with PVs ≥ 80 mL. PAE may be an alternate treatment for patients for whom conventional surgical options are limited or associated with significant morbidity.
Coordinated static and dynamic reactive power planning against power system voltage stability related problems

Power System, over the many years, has undergone dramatic revolution both in technological as well as structural aspects. With the ongoing growth of the electric utility industry, including deregulation in many countries; numerous changes are continuously being introduced to a once predictable system. In an attempt to maximally use the transmission system capacities for economic transfers, transmission systems are being pushed closer to their stability and thermal limits, with voltage instability becoming a major limiting factor. Insufficient reactive power support affects the reliable operation of electric power systems leading to voltage collapses as observed by the recent 2003 blackout. Among the many available solution options, installation of reactive power control devices such as MSCs, FACTS devices etc seem more viable. This is a typical long term planning problem that needs to consider both steady state as well dynamic condition of the power system after severe contingencies and use better informative indices for the planning process. A mixed integer programming based algorithm is made use of in this work to develop a comprehensive tool to perform a coordinated planning of static and dynamic reactive power control devices while satisfying the performance requirements of voltage stability margin and transient voltage dip. The systematic planning procedure is illustrated on a large scale case study. The effectiveness of the planning algorithm is demonstrated using two separate planning problems, one where steady state planning is done exclusively against static voltage stability problems, and the other where a coordinated steady state and dynamic Var planning problem is solved. The results of this work show the effectiveness of the developed planning tool to find a low cost optimal reactive power allocation solution to enable higher real power transfers and improve voltage stability. We envision the method developed will be a research grade tool for planning reactive control devices against voltage instability and will provide system planners a proper guide to find viable and economical planning solutions.
Rustbelt insurgency and cultural preservation: how guerrilla practices saved the blast furnaces and the automobile factory

The cities of the American rustbelt provide a broad canvas for insurgent and guerrilla practices. Copious plots of vacant land and vacant structures of cities that have experienced substantial deindustrialization, property abandonment and population loss offer opportunities to engage with formerly productive or inhabited landscapes, even if these engagements are unsanctioned or illegal. Former industrial complexes have been a particular target of guerrilla actors, yet little is known about how sustained occupation, engagement and creative actions at postindustrial sites impact official, longer-term design practices. Exploring two sites that have long histories of transgressive activity, the Carrie Blast Furnaces in metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the Packard Automotive Factory in Detroit, Michigan, this paper examines whether unauthorized actors can be sustained agents of insurgent design that inform or break the trajectory of conventional urban development practices, which typically view vacant industrial sites as “brownfields”—to be cleared, remediated and prepared for eventual private sector development. Chronicling insurgent activities and examining their intersections with local development practices, this study considers the contributions that guerrilla actors have made in the evolving plans for these historic places and assesses the potential for broader change in planning and design practices at large-scale post-industrial sites.
Decision Making for Inconsistent Expert Judgments Using Negative Probabilities

In this paper we provide a simple random-variable example of inconsistent information, and analyze it using three different approaches: Bayesian, quantum-like, and negative probabilities. We then show that, at least for this particular example, both the Bayesian and the quantum-like approaches have less normative power than the negative probabilities one.
N-(Hydroxybenzyl)benzamide Derivatives: Aqueous pH-Dependent Kinetics and Mechanistic Implications for the Aqueous Reactivity of Carbinolamides.

The rate constants for the aqueous reaction, between pH 0 and 14, have been determined for a series of amide substituted N-(hydroxybenzyl)benzamide derivatives, in H2O, at 25 °C, I = 1.0 M (KCl). T...
Implementation of the Baby Bridge Program Reduces Timing Between NICU Discharge and Therapy Activation

The Baby Bridge program was developed to ensure timely and continuous therapy services following neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. A systematic process for development of the Baby Brid...
Safer and Cheaper: An Enhanced Milestone-Based Return to Play Program After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Young Athletes Is Cost-Effective Compared With Standard Time-Based Return to Play Criteria:

Background:Safe return to play (RTP) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is critical to patient satisfaction. Enhanced rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction with appropriate obj...
RNAPosers: Machine Learning Classifiers for Ribonucleic Acid–Ligand Poses

Determining the three-dimensional (3D) structures of ribonucleic acid (RNA)-small molecule ligand complexes is critical to understanding molecular recognition in RNA. Computer docking can, in principle, be used to predict the 3D structure of RNA-small molecule complexes. Unfortunately, retrospective analysis has shown that the scoring functions that are typically used for pose prediction tend to misclassify non-native poses as native and vice versa. Here, we use machine learning to train a set of pose classifiers that estimate the relative "nativeness" of a set of RNA-ligand poses. At the heart of our approach is the use of a pose "fingerprint" (FP) that is a composite of a set of atomic FPs, which individually encode the local "RNA environment" around ligand atoms. We found that by ranking poses based on classification scores from our machine learning classifiers, we were able to recover native-like poses better than when we ranked poses based on their docking scores. With a leave-one-out training and testing approach, we found that one of our classifiers could recover poses that were within 2.5 A of the native poses in ∼80% of the 80 cases we examined, and, on two separate validation sets, we could recover such poses in ∼60% of the cases. Our set of classifiers, which we refer to as RNAPosers, should find utility as a tool to aid in RNA-ligand pose prediction, and so we make RNAPosers open to the academic community via https://github.com/atfrank/RNAPosers.
CASPR2 IgG Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis: Unusual Cause of Delirium

Abstract: Background Delirium is one of the most prevalent conditions seen in older patients. Some of the newer known causes of delirium involve the body’s immune system attacking healthy brain cells, leading to inflammation of the brain known as autoimmune encephalitis. Method We herein report the case of an 80-year-old man presenting with progressive confusion, hallucinations, behavioral changes, insomnia, and weight loss. Results Despite negative findings on preliminary workup, further investigation revealed Contactin-associated protein-like-2-IgG (CASPR2-IgG) autoantibodies. With accurate diagnosis, he was able to receive the appropriate treatment with steroids that improved his condition. Conclusion Accurate diagnosis is essential for patients with autoimmune encephalitis to receive the treatment that can address the underlying problem. Too often, individuals with autoimmune encephalitis are misdiagnosed with psychiatric conditions which can lead to unnecessary psychotropic medication trials, psychiatric hospitalizations, and irreversible damage due to delays or lack of appropriate treatment.
882-P: Resolution of Hypoglycemia Using CGM Data

Background: Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) are the new standard for detecting hypoglycemia in T1D. No guidelines have been published that address monitoring during the return to euglycemia. Methods: CGM data was gathered from 50 children and adolescents (ages 7-17) attending a week-long diabetes camp. All campers were treated according to camp protocol with 10-20g of carbohydrates depending on the size of the child and severity of hypoglycemia. Results: 241 hypoglycemic events were analyzed using CGM data. 57 events had a nadir 70 mg/dl vs. 27 min at night. Nadirs 70 mg/dl. Duration of hypoglycemia for nadirs Conclusion: The depth of CGM hypoglycemia can help guide when to obtain a meter BG when treating hypoglycemia. If the glucose is 54 mg/dl, 89% will resolve within 15 min of the nadir; however less than 50% of those 70 mg/dl at 15 min. Disclosure L.M. Norlander: None. K. Satam: None. S. Hanes: None. B.A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; ConvaTec Inc., Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care.
Predictors of Progression of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm to Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (AMN) can present with a spectrum of disease. Predicting factors in development of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) from AMN could aid in management and treatment. The aim...
Is “accredited crowdfunding” a lemons market? Evidence from 506(c) filings

The United States Congress passed the JOBS Act of 2012, which allowed small private companies to advertise the sale of their securities to accredited investors. However, this new fundraising method...
Comparing Endogenous and Total Loanable Funds Modifiers to Deficit Variables

In a series of additional tests to determine which variable best explains the reduction in crowd out, total loanable funds again tended to explain more variation in the consumption and investment data than endogenous loanable funds alone. In these tests, there was both a loanable funds deficit variable modifier used and a stand-alone loanable funds variable of the same type. This gave different models for comparison than tested in earlier chapters.
Deciding to Be Authentic: Transgender Employees and Their Decision to Be Out at Work

Being out at work is a significant decision in the life of anyone who is transgender. Most transgender people are aware of the transphobia they could experience at work when they come out—exclusion from jobs, unfair work schedules, ridicule, homophobic jokes, bullying, shunning, sexual and physical harassment, job loss, and more. Transgender employees challenge norms of gender that are reinforced in interactions with others in a social process of gender authentication that may result in transphobia. Yet, many transgender people choose to be out at work. Their choice was made when they perceived a psychologically safe environment in which they could be their authentic selves. Transgender employees assess structural and interpersonal stigma barriers as part of their assessment of their decision to come out. Change agents in organizations can support transgender workers in making their decisions by understanding the role of gender in their organizations and use that understanding to create interventions, including educating co-workers, with the goal of reducing transphobia and increasing perceptions of an inclusive environment. Such steps will lead to transgender employees perceiving a psychologically safe environment in which they can safely come out. Coming out will allow them to be their authentic selves and will validate the inclusiveness of their employer’s diverse and inclusive workplace.
A Concise Review: The Role of Stem Cells in Cancer Progression and Therapy

The properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have recently gained attention as an avenue of intervention for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight some of the key roles of CSCs in altering the cellular microenvironment in favor of cancer progression. We also report on various studies in this field which focus on transformative properties of CSCs and their influence on surrounding cells or targets through the release of cellular cargo in the form of extracellular vesicles. The findings from these studies encourage the development of novel interventional therapies that can target and prevent cancer through efficient, more effective methods. These methods include targeting immunosuppressive proteins and biomarkers, promoting immunization against tumors, exosome-mediated CSC conversion, and a focus on the quiescent properties of CSCs and their role in cancer progression. The resulting therapeutic benefit and transformative potential of these novel approaches to stem cell-based cancer therapy provide a new direction in cancer treatment, which can focus on nanoscale, molecular properties of the cellular microenvironment and establish a more precision medicine-oriented paradigm of treatment.
Physics-based protein structure refinement in the era of artificial intelligence

Protein structure refinement is the last step in protein structure prediction pipelines. Physics-based refinement via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has made significant progress during recent years. During CASP14, we tested a new refinement protocol based on an improved sampling strategy via MD simulations. MD simulations were carried out at an elevated temperature (360 K). An optimized use of biasing restraints and the use of multiple starting models led to enhanced sampling. The new protocol generally improved the model quality. In comparison with our previous protocols, the CASP14 protocol showed clear improvements. Our approach was successful with most initial models, many based on deep learning methods. However, we found that our approach was not able to refine machine-learning models from the AlphaFold2 group, often decreasing already high initial qualities. To better understand the role of refinement given new types of models based on machine-learning, a detailed analysis via MD simulations and Markov state modeling is presented here. We continue to find that MD-based refinement has the potential to improve AI predictions. We also identified several practical issues that make it difficult to realize that potential. Increasingly important is the consideration of inter-domain and oligomeric contacts in simulations; the presence of large kinetic barriers in refinement pathways also continues to present challenges. Finally, we provide a perspective on how physics-based refinement could continue to play a role in the future for improving initial predictions based on machine learning-based methods.
Parenting During COVID‐19: A Study of Parents' Experiences Across Gender and Income Levels

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications This study describes parenting experiences at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic and examines differences across parent gender and family income level.The COVID‐19 pandemic had unprecedented impacts on families. Many parents faced employment changes, including job loss, reduced pay, and working remotely, while simultaneously experiencing increased childcare responsibilities due to school and childcare closures. Research is needed to document the ongoing impact of these changes on parents and families.An online convenience sample of parents (N = 1,009) reported on their parenting experiences during the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 2020) in an online survey.Parents reported high levels of depression, anxiety, and parental burnout. Further, many parents reported increased negative emotions, such as anger and worry, while simultaneously feeling closer to their children and offering more comfort and soothing. Differences across gender and income levels are presented.These results align with other emerging findings of increased impacts to mental health and well‐being for parents and children and document the disproportionate effects on women and low‐income families.Implications include needing additional support (e.g., financial, caregiving) for parents and families as we continue to face the impacts and consequences of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Family Relations is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The impact of differential lignin S/G ratios on mutagenicity and chicken embryonic toxicity

Lignin and lignin-based materials have received considerable attention in various fields due to their promise as sustainable feedstocks. Guaiacol (G) and syringol (S) are two primary monolignols that occur in different ratios for different plant species. As methoxyphenols, G and S have been targeted as atmospheric pollutants and their acute toxicity examined. However, there is a rare understanding of the toxicological properties on other endpoints and mixture effects of these monolignols. To fill this knowledge gap, our study investigated the impact of different S/G ratios (0.5, 1, and 2) and three lignin depolymerization samples from poplar, pine, and miscanthus species on mutagenicity and developmental toxicity. A multitiered method consisted of in silico simulation, in vitro Ames test, and in vivo chicken embryonic assay was employed. In the Ames test, syringol showed a sign of mutagenicity, whereas guaiacol did not, which agreed with the T.E.S.T. simulation. For three S and G mixture and lignin monomers, mutagenic activity was related to the proportion of syringol. In addition, both S and G showed developmental toxicity in the chicken embryonic assay and T.E.S.T. simulation, and guaiacol had a severe effect on lipid peroxidation. A similar trend and comparable developmental toxicity levels were detected for S and G mixtures and the three lignin depolymerized monomers. This study provides data and insights on the differential toxicity of varying S/G ratios for some important building blocks for bio-based materials.
Manual Sequence Analysis of Retinoid-Binding Proteins

Rapid manual microsequencing and isocratic HPLC methodology have been employed to demonstrate sequence homology among retinoid-binding proteins. Manual Edman degradation according to Tarr was performed using a large peptide/protein strategy. Coupling was carried out under N2 in 10% PITC, 10% triethy lamine, 65% pyridine, 15% H2O for 3 min at 50o. The coupled sample was washed and precipitated as a film with heptane/ethyl acetate (1:1) then washed 2–3 times with ethyl acetate and vacuum dried. Cleavage was routinely carried out under N in trifluoroacetic acid for 4 min at 50. Extraction or the thiazolinones from a dry film was effected with heptane/ethyl acetate (1:2). Total cycle time averaged about 15 min. PTH-amino acids were identified and quantified according to Tarr using an isocratic HPLC system which separates all common PTHs in 6 min [Anal. Biochem. Ill, 27 (1981)]. Using from 10–30 nmoles of protein, 29–30 positions of the amino-terminal sequences of three retinoid-binding proteins were obtained with an average repetitive yield of about 90%.
Confusing means and ends: Framework of restructuring, not privatization, matters most

Although a great deal of emphasis has been put on it, privatization of infrastructure is only a means to an end, and not an end in and of itself. The goal is a more efficient sector delivering quality service while fulfilling its social responsibilities. Privatization is onlyan effective means towards the achievement of that result if it is done in the context of an appropriate market and regulatory/legal framework. In the absence of such a framework, privatization can, as experience has demonstrated, compound problems. There are a number of explanations as to why privatization has been carried out in the absence of a proper framework. Those explanationsare useful to explore because they point to incentives to which many governments have been attracted, but which proved to be dangerous pitfalls. Some of the consequences of these attractionshold lessons for other governments and lenders to learn. The critical issue in reforming infrastructure industries is not privatization, but rather the framework within which restructuringoccurs.
Shareholder Cultivation and New Governance

Several formal proposals have been made to address shareholder short-termism and speculative behavior. These include the imposition of a financial transaction tax, changes to the U.S. capital gains tax rate, and the adoption of an Investor Stewardship Code in the United Kingdom. This Article reverses the focus from top-down solutions and instead, focuses on bottom-up grass root solutions that corporations can employ, and in some cases do already employ to achieve substantially the same effect of rewarding certain types of shareholder behavior while discouraging others — a process I refer to as "Shareholder Cultivation." While many of the techniques and strategies discussed in this Article are not new and in fact many have been used by companies and investor relation professionals for years, the Article is the first to conceptualize a prescriptive framework for assessing which techniques and strategies should be allowed. Additionally, the Article utilizes new governance theory to examine the concept of Shareholder Cultivation with a fresh lens: as a corporate governance benefit.
Earthquakes and friction laws

The traditional view of tectonics is that the lithosphere comprises a strong brittle layer overlying a weak ductile layer, which gives rise to two forms of deformation: brittle fracture, accompanied by earth- quakes, in the upper layer, and aseismic ductile flow in the layer beneath. Although this view is not incorrect, it is imprecise, and in ways that can lead to serious misunderstandings. The term ductility, for example, can apply equally to two common rock deformation mechanisms: crystal plasticity, which occurs in rock above a critical temperature, and cataclastic flow, a type of granular deformation which can occur in poorly consolidated sediments. Although both exhibit ductility, these two deformation mechanisms have very different rheologies. Earthquakes, in turn, are associated with strength and brittleness—associations that are likewise sufficiently imprecise that, if taken much beyond the generality implied in the opening sentence, they can lead to serious misinterpretations about earthquake mechanics. Lately, a newer, much more precise and predictive model for the earthquake mechanism has emerged, which has its roots in the observation that tectonic earthquakes seldom if ever occur by the sudden appearance and propagation of a new shear crack (or 'fault'). Instead, they occur by sudden slippage along a pre-existing fault or plate interface. They are therefore a frictional, rather than fracture, phenomenon, with brittle fracture playing a secondary role in the lengthening of faults 1 and frictional wear 2 . This distinction was noted by several early workers 3 , but it was not until 1966 that Brace and Byerlee 4 pointed out that earthquakes must be the result of a stick-slip frictional instability. Thus, the earthquake is the 'slip', and the 'stick' is the interseismic period of elastic strain accumula- tion. Subsequently, a complete constitutive law for rock friction has been developed based on laboratory studies. A surprising result is that a great many other aspects of earthquake phenomena also now seem to result from the nature of the friction on faults. The properties traditionally thought to control these processes— strength, brittleness and ductility—are subsumed within the over- arching concept of frictional stability regimes. Constitutive law of rock friction In the standard model of stick-slip friction it is assumed that sliding begins when the ratio of shear to normal stress on the surface reaches a value ms, the static friction coefficient. Once sliding initiates, frictional resistance falls to a lower dynamic friction coefficient, md, and this weakening of sliding resistance may,
The Limits of "Extraordinary Power": A Survey of First-Degree Murder Appeals Under Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 278, Section 33E

The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts is afforded “extraordinary power” in reviewing first-degree murder convictions on appeal. Yet despite the plenary review established under § 33E - including the right to review the entire trial transcript for errors neither objected to at trial, nor raised on appeal - the survey undertaken in this article concludes that surprisingly few cases are reversed on appeal. This article presents the results of a survey of first-degree murder appeals in Massachusetts from 1998-2008. During that time-frame, just 7.25% of these convictions were reversed on appeal. Additionally, this article discusses the substantive issues giving rise to reversal, and the reversal rate for each issue. Criminal practitioners and scholars can benefit from a practical understanding of the aspects of homicide law which are most likely to support the reversal of a first-degree murder conviction.