cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed algorithms for selection in sets

Abstract Algorithms are presented for selecting an element of given rank from a set of elements distributed among the nodes of a network. Network topologies considered are a ring, a mesh, and a complete binary tree. For the ring and the mesh, algortihms are presented whose performance exhibits a trade-off between the number of messages transmitted and the total delay due to message transmission. For the mesh and the tree, algorithms are presented that use an asymptotically optimal number of messages. The algorithms are based on a sampling approach that also gives rise to a new linear-time selection algorithm for a single processor.
Lymph Node Cells: Their Differential Capacity to Induce Tolerance of Heart and Skin Homografts in Rats

Rats of the BN strain, inoculated at birth with (Lewis x BN)F1 hybrid lymph node cells are not tolerant of Lewis skin grafts but do display high degrees of tolerance of Lewis hearts.
Colon blood flow.

1. The intramural blood vessels of the human colon have been described. 2. Five methods that have been used to study colonic mucosal blood flow in patients with colostomies or with normal colons were briefly outlined along with some of the limitations of each technic. 3. It has been shown that the colonic mucosal blood flow in the human responds to heating or cooling an extremity, eating a meal, pharmacologic agents, and emotionally stressful situations. 4. Adequate evaluation of colonic mucosal blood flow requires the development of quantitative technics of measurement. It may be that methods of monitoring radioactive indicators with critically shielded detectors may meet some of these needs16 and offer a way of studying the intact colon of an unanesthetized human subject.
On the theory of higher spin fields

Recent experiments on strange particles have given some support for the possibility that elementary particles of spin higher than 1 may exist. In particular the observed angular correlation between the planes of production and decay of the LAMBDA and EPSILON hyperons and the anisotropy of the angular distribution of the EPSILON decay products seem to indicate that the spins of these particles are 3/2 or higher. A new simple formulation of the Fierz- Pauli theory is presented, and the structure of this theory for arbitrary spin is analyzed in some detail. All relativistic theories of free fields are based on the principle of invariance under the group of coordinate transformations known as the Lorentz group. Conditions for definition of mass and spin are formulated in terms of conditions on the wave functions, in the case of no external forces. A spin projection operator is introduced, which greatiy simplifies the treatment of the subsidiary conditions. The FierzPauli theory for electromagnetic interaction of particles of arbitrary spin is analyzed with the aid of the spin projection operator. Polarization operators are introduced and applied to the calculations of angular distribution of hyperon decay products. (W.D.M.)
The Enduring and Contextual Effects of Physical Health and Depression on Care-Dyad Mutuality

Mutuality is a protective factor in family care situations, but little is known about changes in care-dyad mutuality. In this study, we examined mutuality in 103 care dyads over 20 months, and the enduring and contextual impact of older adult and family caregiver health on changes in mutuality. Care dyads consisted of frail older adults and their family caregiver. Older adults reported higher levels of mutuality than family caregivers, but their mutuality declined significantly faster over time. Although changes in physical health were more important than mean health for both older adults and family caregivers, mean depression was more important than changes in depression for older adults. This study shows the importance of examining time-varying covariates in the care dyad.
Changes in core electron temperature fluctuations across the ohmic energy confinement transition in Alcator C-Mod plasmas

The first measurements of long wavelength (ky?s?<?0.3) electron temperature fluctuations in Alcator C-Mod made with a new correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic support a long-standing hypothesis regarding the confinement transition from linear ohmic confinement (LOC) to saturated ohmic confinement (SOC). Electron temperature fluctuations decrease significantly (?40%) crossing from LOC to SOC, consistent with a change from trapped electron mode (TEM) turbulence domination to ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence as the density is increased. Linear stability analysis performed with the GYRO code (Candy and Waltz 2003 J. Comput. Phys. 186 545) shows that TEMs are dominant for long wavelength turbulence in the LOC regime and ITG modes are dominant in the SOC regime at the radial location (????0.8) where the changes in electron temperature fluctuations are measured. In contrast, deeper in the core (??<?0.8), linear stability analysis indicates that ITG modes remain dominant across the LOC/SOC transition. This radial variation suggests that the robust global changes in confinement of energy and momentum occurring across the LOC/SOC transition are correlated to local changes in the dominant turbulent mode near the edge.
'IN THE NAME OF GOD I WILL SING AGAIN, MAWDO MALIK THE GOOD': POPULAR MUSIC AND THE SENEGALESE SUFI TARIQAS*

Marabouts in Senegalese popular music In recent years a new genre of popular song devoted to the praise of marabouts or Sufi leaders has emerged on the Senegalese musical horizon. Almost every Senegalese popular singer, including international stars like Youssou Ndour and Baaba Maal, has a repertoire that includes laudatory songs to leaders within the various Sufi tariqas that claim followings in Senegal. The emergence of this new genre of song is derived from two sources: first, the praise-singing tradition of the griot or verbal artist, and, second, the numerous Sufi ceremonies that take place during the Islamic year and of which singing is an integral component (Mc Laughlin 1997). While the most conspicuous manifestations of Sufism in Senegalese popular culture are associated with the indigenous Mouride tariqa whose founder, Cheikh Amadou Bamba, is the subject of numerous praise songs, the original emergence of the Sufi popular song is more closely linked to the Tivaouane zawvya of the Tijaniyya, the home of the maraboutic family who are heirs to El Haj Malik Sy (c. 18551922). A precursor of the Sufi popular song emerged as a response to infighting over succession to the leadership of the tariqa among the Sy family during the 1950s, a quarrel that is repeating itself in the 1990s as serious new rifts over succession to the caliphate have given rise to vituperative public manifestations of rivalry among the various pretenders to the position of spiritual leadership. But it is not only spiritual leadership that is at stake. Senegalese marabouts have long been implicated in the political workings of their country, frequently serving as intermediaries between the political elite and the general population and have, in the past, been known to
SU‐FF‐T‐132: CT‐Based Intra‐Cavitary High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer: Planning and QA

Purpose: With the introduction of CT compatible GYN applicators, 3 dimensional (3D) conformal radiation treatment planning is now possible, which allows for quantitative analysis of dose specification, target, critical organ size and normal tissue DVHs. Methods: Ten patients with gynecologic cancer who received image‐based HDR brachytherapy were retrospectively identified. The patients received a CT scan each fraction after placement of applicators. Images were then transferred to PLATO planning system with organ contours of clinical target volume (CTV), rectum and bladder. Isodose lines were optimized using the feature of “geometry optimization” and dose was prescribed to the 100% Isodose line that mostly cover the CTV while sparing rectum and bladder. Results: The mean CTV volume of the 10 patients had a shrinkage trend over the five fractions, with the first fraction of 77.4 cm3 and the last fraction of 65.5 cm3. Another observation was that point A dose increased as the CTV volume increased. This is reasonable considering the fact that our prescription dose was to cover the CTV with 100% isodose line. As a result, point A dose was larger to cover larger CTV volume. Conclusions: CT based planning is valuable to evaluate changes in target size, dose to point A and dose distribution to all critical organs. Our experience showed that significant shrinkage of both gross tumor and normal uterus occurred along with brachytherapy fractions resulting in a lower point A dose. Longer follow‐up is still necessary to determine optimal dose delivery to target tissues while sparing normal tissue.
Boshernitzan's criterion for unique ergodicity of an interval exchange transformation

Confirming a conjecture by Boshernitzan, it is proved that if T is a minimal non-uniquely ergodic interval exchange, the minimum spacing of the partition determined by Tn is O(1/n).
MONOPHOSPHOESTERASE DETERMINATIONS FROM CRUDE TISSUE PREPARATIONS.

Abstract Studies have been made of phosphoglucose esterases using eight concentrations of crude intestinal mucosal enzyme preparations. Inconsistencies have been observed in the analysis of inorganic phosphate as a measure of activity due to endogenous tissue phosphate. The inaccuracies can be to a large extent overcome by utilization of glucose oxidase determinations of glucose as the other end product of enzymic hydrolysis.
Quarkonia production in heavy-ion collisions at TeV energies☆

Abstract The CMS experiment at the LHC has measured the production of several quarkonium S states in both PbPb and pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. The various states are measured from the dimuon invariant mass spectra. The yields of quarkonia in PbPb collisions are lower than expected from the corresponding pp yields scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collision. For ϒ ( 1 S ) and ϒ ( 2 S ) and high p T J / ψ this suppression is stronger for more central collisions. For high p T J / ψ the suppression is stronger than that observed at lower energies and high p T and stronger than at more forward rapidities and low p T . The suppression is weakest for the ϒ ( 1 S ) but increases as one moves to the J / ψ ψ ( 2 S ) the ϒ ( 2 S ) and finally the ϒ ( 3 S ) .
The Retractationes of Saint Augustine

In the year 427, when Saint Augustine was seventy-two years of age, he began to work on a treatise which he called the Retractationes. This was a task he had been wanting to accomplish since 412, when the idea first occurred to him, as he confessed to Marcellinus,1 “to gather together and point out, in a work devoted to this express purpose, all the things which most justly displease me in my books.” He states in the Prologue to the Retractationes that he finally felt forced to begin the work. “For a long time I have been thinking over and planning a task which, with the help of the Lord, I am now beginning, because I think it should be postponed no longer: namely, to review my writings, whether books, letters, or tractates, with a kind of judicial severity, and to indicate, as if with a censor's pen, what displeases me.”2
Impact of information technology on medicine

Abstract Although the health sciences will benefit from many of the advances in information technology that are applied to a wide variety of research areas, information technology is of particular importance to health care delivery. Developments of computerized patient records will enhance the efficiency, effectiveness, and distribution of health care. As managed care programs develop, population-based information will be of increasing importance to health care providers and to the public health community. The capacity to transmit this information through telecommunication linkages, including telemedicine, will revolutionize the accessibility of health care to underserved areas, including both rural and urban populations. These developments will raise substantial concerns regarding confidentiality and privacy because information on health may be very relevant to employment and insurability. Efficient, effective, reliable information systems could, in fact, enhance the human quality of patient/doctor interactions by focusing on clinical decision making and patient preferences rather than routine data collection. In this regard, information technology might, in fact, enhance the quality of that interaction. However, there are also major risks that information systems will be substituted for the human touch. This risk should be clearly understood and avoided.
Interpretation of the hindered settling of calcium carbonate suspensions in terms of permeability

Abstract Many pharmaceutical formulations are produced in the form of concentrated suspensions. Calcium carbonate suspensions are used in this study and interpreted as the “model” for the behavior of such suspensions. The behavior of concentrated suspensions of powders in a liquid medium cannot be treated by the simple application of the normal principles of free fall and the use of Stokes Law pertaining to the viscous resistance offered by the surrounding fluid to fall. A single particle operating by the Stokes principle obeys this relationship. This law applies to the behavior of particles at low concentration in a liquid medium and is the basis for particle size distribution methods. At higher concentrations, however, the particles do not enjoy the freedom of unhindered fall. The system subsides “en bloc” and it is common practice to offer a modification to the Stokes equation which takes into consideration some function of the porosity of the system. There have been a considerable number of equations developed and modified based on this principle. However, an alternative method is to approach the problem by dealing with the permeability of a bed of powders in a liquid in which the bed is slowly altering with time. This is best achieved by the use of the permeability equation developed and presented by Kozeny–Carmen. This equation, as well as the Richardson–Zaki expression, are related to show that the Kozeny parameter K varies with the suspension porosity under sedimentation conditions. The values of K are often larger than the value normally reported (i.e., ~5). The data and treatment outlined here are extended to include not only the calcium carbonate suspensions, but other systems previously mentioned in the literature.
Source Apportionment of Soil Samples by the Combination of Two Neural Networks Based on Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy

The apportionment of ambient aerosol mass to different sources of airborne soil is a difficult problem because of the similarity of the chemical composition of crustal sources. However, additional information can be obtained using individual particle analysis. A novel approach based on the combination of two neural networks, the adaptive resonance theory-based neural network (ART-2a) and the back-propagation (BP) neural network with electron microscopy data, has been developed to apportion the mass contributions of the crustal sources to ambient particle samples. The crustal source samples were analyzed using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM). CCSEM provides elemental compositions and size parameters for individual particles as well as estimates of the shape and density from which the volume and mass of each particle can be estimated. The ART-2a neural network was first used to partition particles into homogeneous classes based on the elemental composition data. After the different particle type classes were produced by ART-2a, their mass fractions were calculated. In this way, the source profiles for the crustal dust sources can be obtained in terms of the mass fractions for different particle types. Then the BP neural network was applied to build the model between the mass fractions of different particle types and the mass contributions. Using the three physical source samples prepared for this study, artificial ambient samples were generated by randomly mixing particles from the three source samples. These samples were then used to examine the proposed method. Satisfactory predictions for the mass contributions of the three sources to the ambient samples have been obtained, indicating the proposed method is a promising tool for the source apportionment of chemically similar soil samples.
THE LARVAE OF SOME SPECIES OF THE GENUS STENOPORPIA FROM ARIZONA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

The larvae of 11 species of the genus Stenoporpia (Geometridae: Lepidoptera) from Arizona are described, figured, and keyed. On the basis of the known larvae, Stenoporpia can be divided into four very distinct species-groups, one feeding on species of oak, and the other three on conifers. Temporal displacement was found in four species of Stenoporpia feeding on ponderosa pine at the Fort Valley Experimental Forest near Flagstaff, Ariz. The sensory papillae of the maxillary palpi are investigated as a taxonomic character. A list of all of the known foodplants of the species of the genus is given.
Nuclear localization and possible functions of receptor tyrosine kinases.

Recent data have renewed interest in the possible nuclear localization of receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as their ligands. In one case, that of ErbB-4, the receptor is processed by two membrane-localized proteases to produce a soluble cytoplasmic domain fragment that includes the tyrosine kinase domain. This fragment, generated by a metalloprotease-dependent ectodomain cleavage followed by γ-secretase cleavage within the transmembrane domain, is also found in the nucleus. Three other receptor tyrosine kinases have been detected in the nucleus in the absence of proteolytic processing. In some instances, nuclear localization of receptor tyrosine kinases is growth-factor-dependent and tentative evidence suggests a role in transcription.
Online music piracy's controversy: pay sites versus free, who will prevail?

Online piracy may substantially undermine intellectual property rights of digital goods. There is much controversy concerning the issue of music piracy over the internet and the implementation of new information technology in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) with the rebirth of Napster and other pay sites. In particular, the exchange of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) electronic commerce is fast gaining acceptance in the user community. This paper concentrates on the music industry. In recent years, with the rapid growth of the internet, the situation of music piracy has become increasingly serious. File-sharing technologies have created new market dynamics and posed a great challenge to the music industry to try and retain customers. Consumers have created anonymous online networks to exchange audio files at little cost. This has led to millions of shared, illegal copies of music files and related sales losses to the industry. Legal efforts to counter this trend have lagged the advances in technology. Factor analysis and related hypothesis-testing procedures of 285 professionals in the service sector in the Pittsburgh, PA have uncovered several interesting scenarios of traditional music store selling with those of online-based strategies.
Sir William Reid, F. R. S., 1791-1858: governor of Bermuda, Barbados and Malta

In The Tools of Empire Daniel Headrick drew attention to the important theme of technology and empire (1). Rather than concentrating on the motives for imperial expansion, Headrick focused on the technologies that allowed Europeans to spread so extensively over the globe in the late 19th century. Technological developments— the tools o f empire— such as the steamer, quinine, the breechloader and the cable, enabled impressive territorial expansion. The link between the Industrial Revolution and the New Imperialism was clearly indicated by Headrick. Technology was power. Technological development made possible imperial development. Conversely, the network of empire allowed technology to expand. The opportunity for the diffusion of ideas and technologies through space and time was enhanced because of imperialism. The empire allowed for the flow of information from one setting to another. This point is illustrated by reference to the exchange and diffusion of botanical plants. W. H. G. Armytage suggested that botanic gardens were the seedbeds of science, and that Kew Gardens was envisaged as a ‘great plant exchange, advisory centre and spearhead of botanical exploration’ for the British Empire (2). More recently Lucille Brockway has explored this theme, viewing Kew as a coordinating agency for the exploitation of the botanical resources of the empire (3). But the diffusion of information involved more than plants and occurred across a wide spectrum of science and technology. There was certainly a complex interrelationship between imperial expansion and scientific developments. In recent articles Robert Stafford and James Secord have discussed the imperial theme in the development of 19th-century British geology (4). Just as there is a relation today between technological development and space exploration, in the 19th century there was a complicated interaction between technology and imperial expansion. Developments in one area impinged on the other.
Coccidiosis Susceptibility in Layer Flock Replacement Programs

Abstract COCCIDIOSIS outbreaks in replacement flocks continue to be reported from diagnostic laboratories. In recent summaries coccidiosis was the disease reported most frequently in the southeastern states (Reid and Murphy, 1966). Breaks are most serious for poultrymen if they occur after flocks have come into egg production. These problems occur in flocks lacking immunity which must be developed separately for each pathogenic species of coccidia. At the present time, three different types of programs for cocciodiosis control are being used in rearing replacement flocks under floor pen management. The first and most widely used program depends on accidental exposure while including a coccidiostat in the feed. The coccidiostat is continued until the producer decides it is safe to withdraw medication. At this time he presumes the flock to be immune, at least partially, to all species. He may withdraw the coccidiostat as early as six weeks or continue its use until . . .
Progesterone Receptors: Form and Function in Brain

Emerging data indicate that progesterone has multiple non-reproductive functions in the central nervous system to regulate cognition, mood, inflammation, mitochondrial function, neurogenesis and regeneration, myelination and recovery from traumatic brain injury. Progesterone-regulated neural responses are mediated by an array of progesterone receptors (PR) that include the classic nuclear PRA and PRB receptors and splice variants of each, the seven transmembrane domain 7TMPRβ and the membrane-associated 25-Dx PR (PGRMC1). These PRs induce classic regulation of gene expression while also transducing signaling cascades that originate at the cell membrane and ultimately activate transcription factors. Remarkably, PRs are broadly expressed throughout the brain and can be detected in every neural cell type. The distribution of PRs beyond hypothalamic borders, suggests a much broader role of progesterone in regulating neural function. Despite the large body of evidence regarding progesterone regulation of reproductive behaviors and estrogen-inducible responses as well as effects of progesterone metabolite neurosteroids, much remains to be discovered regarding the functional outcomes resulting from activation of the complex array of PRs in brain by gonadally and/or glial derived progesterone. Moreover, the impact of clinically used progestogens and developing selective PR modulators for targeted outcomes in brain is a critical avenue of investigation as the non-reproductive functions of PRs have far-reaching implications for hormone therapy to maintain neurological health and function throughout menopausal aging.
Impact of wedge wire bonding and thermal mechanical stress on reliability of BPSG/poly layer of a silicon die

In this paper, the impact from both mechanical and thermal effects, with different parameters on BPSG of a power package is studied. The impact parameters include wedge wire bonding force, clamping force from the spring clip, wave soldering process and power dissipation from the die. An advanced 3D FEA model framework with a global model and local sub-model is developed. Major modeling work includes two areas: One is to evaluate the impact of the wire bonding force during the wedge bonding assembly process and the clamping force from the spring clip. Another area is to study the thermal stress due to thermal expansion mismatch which includes the wave soldering process and power dissipation. Both the global and sub-model simulation results have shown that the stress distribution in BPSG due to the wire bonding process, spring clip clamping force, wave soldering and power dissipation. The modeling has disclosed that the impact of thermal stress is greater than that of wedge wire bonding process and spring clip clamping force.
Employee turnover

In today's working environment, a company's human resources are truly the only sustainable competitive advantage. Product innovations can be duplicated, but the synergy of a company's workforce cannot be replicated. It is for this reason that not only attracting talented employees but also retaining them is imperative for success. The study of employee turnover has attempted to explain why employees leave and how to prevent the drain of employee talent. This paper focuses on using a neural network (NN) to predict turnover. If turnover can be found to be predictable the identification of at-risk employees will allow us to focus on their specific needs or concerns in order to retain them in the workforce. Also, by using a Modified Genetic Algorithm to train the NN we can also identify relevant predictors or inputs, which can give us information about how we can improve the work environment as a whole. This research found that a NNSOA trained NN in a 10-fold cross validation experimental design can predict with a high degree of accuracy the turnover rate for a small mid-west manufacturing company.
Some counterexamples in topological dynamics

In this paper, we exhibit, for any sparse-enough increasing sequence {pn} of integers, totally minimal, totally uniquely ergodic, and topologically mixing systems (X,T) and (X′,T′) and f∈C(X) for which the averages fail to converge on a residual set in X, and where there exists x′∈X′ with .
Application of aluminas in water treatment

Removal of contaminants from process and waste water by adsorption with transition aluminas is receiving increased attention. As separation requirements become more stringent, the advent of controlled surface chemistry and pore morphology in adsorbent processing has resulted in innovative application of these materials to water treatment. This paper reviews current technology and examines emerging processes utilizing these versatile materials.
Automated verification of proper choreography implementation

As business transactions become more complex it is important that all participants obey the so called rules of engagement. These rules of engagement can be captured in an interaction protocol or choreography. A choreography provides rules on how various Web services act together, in terms of observable behavior. We investigate how we can extract a protocol from a program and verify whether or not the implementation adheres to the protocol. We derive an algorithm to verify whether a program is operationally compatible with a protocol, meaning the program does not violate the protocol. This guarantees that a program will be from anomalies such as dead lock or failure due to unexpected messages.
Human Posterior Parietal Cortex Flexibly Determines Reference Frames for Reaching Based on Sensory Context

Current models of sensorimotor transformations emphasize the dominant role of gaze-centered representations for reach planning in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Here we exploit fMRI repetition suppression to test whether the sensory modality of a target determines the reference frame used to define the motor goal in the PPC and premotor cortex. We show that when targets are defined visually, the anterior precuneus selectively encodes the motor goal in gaze-centered coordinates, whereas the parieto-occipital junction, Brodman Area 5 (BA 5), and PMd use a mixed gaze- and body-centered representation. In contrast, when targets are defined by unseen proprioceptive cues, activity in these areas switches to represent the motor goal predominantly in body-centered coordinates. These results support computational models arguing for flexibility in reference frames for action according to sensory context. Critically, they provide neuroanatomical evidence that flexibility is achieved by exploiting a multiplicity of reference frames that can be expressed within individual areas.
Analysis of Random Drop for Gateway Congestion Control

Lately, the growing demand on the Internet has prompted the need for more effective congestion control policies. Currently No Gateway Policy is used to relieve and signal congestion, which leads to unfair service to the individual users and a degradation of overall network performance. Network simulation was used to illustrate the character of Internet congestion and its causes. A newly proposed gateway congestion control policy, called Random Drop, was considered as a promising solution to the pressing problem. Random Drop relieves resource congestion upon buffer overflow by choosing a random packet from the service queue to be dropped. The random choice should result in a drop distribution proportional to the bandwidth distribution among all contending TCP connections, thus applying the necessary fairness. Nonetheless, the simulation experiments demonstrate several shortcomings with this policy. Because Random Drop is a congestion control policy, which is not applied until congestion has already occurred, it usually results in a high drop rate that hurts too many connections including well-behaved ones. Even though the number of packets dropped is different from one connection to another depending on the buffer utilization upon overflow, the TCP recovery overhead is high enough to neutralize these differences, causing unfair congestion penalties. Besides, the drop distribution itself is an inaccurate representation of the average bandwidth distribution, missing much important information about the bandwidth utilization between buffer overflow events. A modification of Random Drop to do congestion avoidance by applying the policy early was also proposed. Early Random Drop has the advantage of avoiding the high drop rate of buffer overflow. The early application of the policy removes the pressure of congestion relief and allows more accurate signaling of congestion. To be used effectively, algorithms for the dynamic adjustment of the parameters of Early Random Drop to suite the current network load must still be developed.
Regulatory T cell DNA methyltransferase inhibition accelerates resolution of lung inflammation

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and often fatal inflammatory lung condition without effective targeted therapies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) resolve lung inflammation, but mechanisms that enhance Tregs to promote resolution of established damage remain unknown. DNA demethylation at the forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) locus and other key Treg loci typify the Treg lineage. To test how dynamic DNA demethylation affects lung injury resolution, we administered the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) to wild-type (WT) mice beginning 24 hours after intratracheal LPS-induced lung injury. Mice that received DAC exhibited accelerated resolution of their injury. Lung CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Tregs from DAC-treated WT mice increased in number and displayed enhanced Foxp3 expression, activation state, suppressive phenotype, and proliferative capacity. Lymphocyte-deficient recombinase activating gene-1-null mice and Treg-depleted (diphtheria toxin-treated Foxp3(DTR)) mice did not resolve their injury in response to DAC. Adoptive transfer of 2 × 10(5) DAC-treated, but not vehicle-treated, exogenous Tregs rescued Treg-deficient mice from ongoing lung inflammation. In addition, in WT mice with influenza-induced lung inflammation, DAC rescue treatment facilitated recovery of their injury and promoted an increase in lung Treg number. Thus, DNA methyltransferase inhibition, at least in part, augments Treg number and function to accelerate repair of experimental lung injury. Epigenetic pathways represent novel manipulable targets for the treatment of ARDS.
Modelling the Effect of Composition on the Stability of Equilibrium Intergranular Films with Diffuse Interfaces

Current understanding of the equilibrium thickness of interfacial films derives from models which balance a steric repulsion against an attractive force between abutting crystals such as the van der Waals forces [1]. Recent experimental observations indicate that, a) film thickness is a non-monotonic function of additions of impurities and b) impurities are non-uniformly distributed in the interfacial phases and triple junctions [2]. We have developed a model which couples the steric terms which affect the equilibrium thickness with composition for a semi-infinite film in equilibrium with a chemical reservoir at a fixed composition.
Interconnect modeling for high speed digital and RF circuits and systems

Modeling techniques to characterize interconnects and transmission structures in digital ICs and RF modules and IC packages are presented. Electromagnetic simulation and measurements are used to extract CAD compatible equivalent circuits for typical high speed digital and RF package components. Examples of coupled interconnects in multilayer boards and packages are included to demonstrate the techniques.
Mismatch repair causes the dynamic release of an essential DNA polymerase from the replication fork.

Summary Mismatch repair (MMR) corrects DNA polymerase errors occurring during genome replication. MMR is critical for genome maintenance, and its loss increases mutation rates several hundred fold. Recent work has shown that the interaction between the mismatch recognition protein MutS and the replication processivity clamp is important for MMR in Bacillus subtilis. To further understand how MMR is coupled to DNAreplication, we examined the subcellular localization of MMR and DNA replication proteins fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in live cells, following an increase in DNAreplication errors. We demonstrate that foci of the essential DNA polymerase DnaE‐GFP decrease following mismatch incorporation and that lossofDnaE‐GFPfocirequiresMutS.Furthermore,we show that MutS and MutL bind DnaE in vitro, suggesting that DnaE is coupled to repair. We also found that DnaE‐GFP foci decrease in vivo following a DNA damage-independent arrest of DNA synthesis showing that loss of DnaE‐GFP foci is caused by perturbations to DNA replication. We propose that MutS directly contacts the DNAreplication machinery, causing a dynamic change in the organization of DnaE at the replication fork during MMR. Our results establish a striking and intimate connection between MMR and the replicating DNA polymerase complex in vivo.
WHEN IT WORKS: Learning Community Health Nursing Concepts from Clinical Experience

Abstract Clinical faculty often struggle to design competency demonstrations that promote quality learning experiences. A nursing program in Oregon combined mental health and community health nursing practica and required well-planned, integrated competency demonstrations. This requirement became the impetus for students to promote the health of clients and learn clinical concepts that are difficult to experience in a typical term. Faculty coached students to make a significant contribution that would last beyond their clinical practica. A case study in competency demonstration design is described, and implications for curriculum development are presented.
Green tea extract provides extensive Nrf2-independent protection against lipid accumulation and NFκB pro- inflammatory responses during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Scope Green tea extract (GTE) reduces liver steatosis and inflammation during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We hypothesized GTE would mitigate NASH in a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent manner in a high fat (HF) induced model. Methods and results Nrf2-null and wild-type (WT) mice were fed an HF diet containing 0 or 2% GTE for eight weeks prior to assessing parameters of NASH. Compared to WT mice, Nrf2-null mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic triglyceride, expression of free fatty acid uptake and lipogenic genes, malondialdehyde and NFκB phosphorylation and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. In WT mice, GTE increased Nrf2 and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 mRNA, and lowered hepatic steatosis, lipid uptake and lipogenic gene expression, malondialdehyde, and NFκB-dependent inflammation. In Nrf2-null mice, GTE lowered NFκB phosphorylation and TNF-α and MCP1 mRNA to levels observed in WT mice fed GTE whereas hepatic triglyceride and lipogenic genes were lowered only to those of WT mice fed no GTE. Malondialdehyde was lowered in Nrf2-null mice fed GTE, but not to levels of WT mice, and without improving the hepatic antioxidants α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and uric acid. Conclusion Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates NASH whereas anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities of GTE likely occur largely independent of Nrf2 signaling.
Modulation of p53 dependent gene expression and cell death through thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase by the Interferon-Retinoid combination

We have shown earlier that the IFN-β and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) combination, but not the single agents, induces death in several tumor cell lines. Employing a genetic technique we have identified several Genes associated with Retinoid-IFN induced Mortality (GRIM). One of the GRIMs was human thioredoxin reductase (TR), a redox enzyme. Since the overexpressed TR augments IFN/RA stimulated cell death, we explored the mechanisms of TR-mediated death. Here we show that TR augments cell death by upregulating the transcriptional activity of p53 tumor suppressor. This process does not involve a physical increase in levels of p53. Using redox inactive mutants of TR and its substrate, thioredoxin (Trx), we demonstrate that IFN/RA-induced regulation of p53 dependent gene expression requires TR and Trx. In contrast-over-expression of wildtype TR or Trx augment the p53 dependent gene expression in response to IFN/RA treatment. Consistent with these results an increased DNA binding activity of p53 was noted in the presence of TR. These studies identify a novel mechanism of p53 mediated cell death regulation involving redox enzymes.
BiFeO 3 Domain Wall Energies and Structures: A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory + U Study

We determined the atomic structures and energies of 109\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 71\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} domain walls in ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$, combining density functional $\mathrm{\text{theory}}+\mathrm{U}$ calculations and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy images. We find a substantial Bi sublattice shift and a rather uniform Fe sublattice across the walls. The calculated wall energies ($\ensuremath{\gamma}$) follow the sequence ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{109}l{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{180}l{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{71}$ for the 109\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 71\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} walls. We attribute the high 71\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} wall energy to an opposite tilting rotation of the oxygen octahedra and the low 109\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} wall energy to the opposite twisting rotation of the oxygen octahedra across the domain walls.
The application of surgical microscope in resection for congenital choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy

Objecitive To explore the feasibilty and safety of microsurgery in resection of choledochal cyst in children. Motheds 68 patients(male 32,female 36,aged from 3 months to 11 years,with the mean age of 5 years) whith choledochal cyst underwent microsurgical exicision of choledochal cgst and Roux-en-Y hapatoenterostomy between Jan.2004 to May.2008.And their clinical dates was analyzes retrospectively. Results All patients with choledochal cyst removed under operation microscope,the mean operating time was 4 hours(3~5.5 hours),no blood transfusion was needed during the operation ,all children cured and discharged within 1 week and no postoperative complications in 3 ~ 40 months follow-up study. Conlusions Microsurgical excision with Roux-en-Y hapatoenterostomy is a reliable treatment for congenital choledochal cyst,microscopic field is benificial to accurate operation.
Brain mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease.

A clear connection between specific neuropathology and impaired brain function has recently been established in Alzheimer's disease and in a closely related form of senile dementia. Although therapy and prophylaxis remain remote, mechanisms now being investigated may eventually facilitate palliative management and also shed some light on normal brain function.
Brief Report: Decreased Hemolytic Capacity of Sera From Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

The sera of patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria have been shown, in vitro and in vivo, to be less hemolytic for PNH erythrocytes than are normal sera. This defect may result from the liver disfunction encountered in many of the patients although the exact defect has not been defined. The necessity for using normal sera when performing the acid hemolysis test is emphasized.
Design and cellular studies of a carbon nanotube-based delivery system for a hybrid platinum-acridine anticancer agent

A three-component drug-delivery system has been developed consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with a non-classical platinum chemotherapeutic agent ([PtCl(NH3)2(L)]Cl (P3A1; L=N-(2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl)-N-methylproprionimidamide) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (DSPE-mPEG). The optimized P3A1-MWCNTs are colloidally stable in physiological solution and deliver more P3A1 into breast cancer cells than treatment with the free drug. Furthermore, P3A1-MWCNTs are cytotoxic to several cell models of breast cancer and induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and non-apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells. By contrast, free P3A1 induces apoptosis and allows progression to G2/M phase. Photothermal activation of P3A1-MWCNTs to generate mild hyperthermia potentiates their cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that delivery of P3A1 to cancer cells using MWCNTs as a drug carrier may be beneficial for combination cancer chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.
A Parity-Based Data Outsourcing Model for Query Authentication and Correction

We propose a Parity-based Data Outsourcing(PDO) model in this paper. This model outsources a set of raw data by associating it with a set of parity data and then distributing both sets of data among a number of cloud servers that are managed independently by different service providers. Users query the servers for the data of their interest and are allowed to perform both authentication and correction. The former refers to the capability of verifying if the query result they receive is correct (i.e., all data items that satisfy the query condition are received, and every data item received is original from the data owner), whereas the latter, the capability of correcting the corrupted data, if any. A data item may be corrupted unintentionally (e.g, because of errors in systems and/or networking) or intentionally (e.g., by malicious service providers or because of systems being compromised by hackers). Existing techniques support only query authentication, but not error correction. Moreover, they all rely on complex cryptographic techniques and require the cloud server to build verification objects. In contrast, our approach achieves both without using any encryption. It does not require to install any additional software on a cloud server and thus can take advantage of the many cloud data management services available on the market today. We address the challenges of PDO implementation, including parity coding, database encoding, data retrieval, and database insertion and deletion, and evaluate the performance potential of PDO through analysis, simulation, and prototyping. Our results indicate its excellent performance in terms of storage, communication, and computation overhead.
Physical Processes in Tropical Cyclones

Unlike wave cyclones of middle latitudes, which derive their energy from large-scale temperature contrasts and vertical wind shear, tropical cyclones owe their existence to release of latent heat in intense convection. This convection depends on eddy transfers of heat, moisture and momentum at the sea surface and radiative effects, as well as on the tropical-cyclone-scale circulation itself. This chapter discusses the feedbacks among these physical processes.
An Erythroid Differentiation Gene Expression Signature Predicts Response to Lenalidomide in Myelodysplasia.

Lenalidomide is an effective new agent for the treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). In phase II clinical trials, patients treated with Lenalidomide achieved unprecedented rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses, particularly in patients with interstitial deletions of chromosome 5q. More than 80% of patients with MDS do not have 5q deletions, though approximately 25% of these patients respond to Lenalidomide.3–5 Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are the primary toxicities of Lenalidomide, and are severe in some cases. MDS is a highly heterogeneous disorder, and no diagnostic assays predict which patients without 5q deletions will respond to Lenalidomide. Using gene expression profiling, we identified a molecular signature that predicts Lenalidomide response. Biologic characterization of the predictive genes demonstrated that the response signature is comprised of a cohesive set of erythroid-specific genes: patients who respond have a lower expression of the erythroid signature in bone marrow mononuclear cells. To facilitate clinical implementation of a gene expression-based assay, we evaluated the signature using two methods, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a bead-based detection technology. Using both methods, the erythroid gene expression signature was expressed at lower levels in patients who responded to Lenalidomide. The bead-based methodology employs ligation mediated amplification (LMA), a methodology that is capable of highly multiplexed reactions with preservation of the relative abundance of transcripts, with amplicon detection on Luminex microspheres, already in use for clinical diagnostic assays. This assay is capable of detecting a large gene expression signature (currently up to 100 genes) in a single, well-controlled assay. With further validation, LMA with fluorescent microsphere detection may become the superior technology for clinical diagnostic assays of multi-gene signatures. We tested the erythroid signature in an independent set of 12 samples using LMA with fluorescent microsphere detection. Again, all responders had a lower expression of the erythroid genes than responders. Validation in a larger cohort of patients is underway. These studies suggest that Lenalidomide-responsive patients without 5q deletions have a defect in erythroid differentiation analogous to the ineffective erythropoiesis in patients with 5q deletions, and that an erythroid gene expression signature predicts Lenalidomide activity in MDS.