cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minerva II: A Novel Entity Discovery Tool

Entity discovery is a long-lasting interest in governments, enterprises, and the research community. It is a complex task that requires retrieving, extracting, linking, and displaying entities. Algorithms to support entity discovery have been proposed across disciplines including Information Retrieval (IR), Information Extraction (IE), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Data Mining (DM). However, there is little study on User Interface (UI) for supporting effective entity discovery. This paper presents Minerva II, a novel entity discovery tool, to tackle this challenge. In the paper, we illustrate the UI design and how it effectively supports the typical work flow when a user performs entity discovery. We also describe a new visualization algorithm for entity networks. Our user study shows that Minerva II is able to greatly increase users' efficiency.
Discovery and identification of rhizobia associated with Lespedeza cuneata in Guangdong

26 tested strains were isolated and purified in 30 isolates which were isolated from Lespedeza cuneata.The partial sequence of its 16S rDNA sequences were tested,and the software DNAMAN and MAGE 5.0 were used to analysis these sequences.The results showed that 18 rhizobium strains were identified and belonged to Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium compared with the known strains.
The Hippo pathway in intestinal regeneration and disease

The Hippo pathway is a signalling cascade conserved from Drosophila melanogaster to mammals. The mammalian core kinase components comprise MST1 and MST2, SAV1, LATS1 and LATS2 and MOB1A and MOB1B. The transcriptional co-activators YAP1 and TAZ are the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway and regulate target gene expression. Hippo signalling has crucial roles in the control of organ size, tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and malignant transformation. Mammalian intestine consists of a stem cell compartment as well as differentiated cells, and its ability to regenerate rapidly after injury makes it an excellent model system to study tissue homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. Several studies have established the important role of the Hippo pathway in these processes. In addition, crosstalk between Hippo and other signalling pathways provides tight, yet versatile, regulation of tissue homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize studies on the role of the Hippo pathway in the intestine on these physiological processes and the underlying mechanisms responsible, and discuss future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies targeting Hippo signalling in intestinal disease.
Environmental monitoring of migrant children schools and survey of their health service requirement in Jiading District

Objective: To understand the environmental sanitation condition of the migrant children schools and their health service requirement. Methods: All of 18 migrant children schools were investigated in Jiading District and among them five schools were interviewed in semi-structure groups and investigated with the questionnaire. Results: The hardware facilities in the migrant children schools were relatively poor in Jiading District. The management compliance rate of the system of vaccination certificate inspection was 77.78%, which was significantly lower than that of the public schools by 100%. The compliance rates of seven management indicators of student common disease monitoring, prevention and treatment plan and measure, propaganda activity, health education, mental health, smoking cessation, and others were lower than those of the public primary and secondary schools on the average, whose difference had statistical significance (P0.01). Conclusion: The requirement of the health service in the migrant children schools needs the policy support, and the daily management needs to be strengthened.
The role of the music therapist in training caregivers of people who have advanced dementia

ABSTRACTMusic therapy is an evidence-based, non-pharmacological treatment for dementia and the accompanying symptoms of agitation, anxiety, and behavioral issues. Administrators of health care organizations find the modality appealing for its benefits and also for the growing evidence that music therapy is a cost-effective intervention. Music therapists are recognized to be qualified clinicians of a research-supported practice which is particularly effective with clients who have advanced dementia. We are able to access memory, speech, and interactive abilities thought to be destroyed by the disease of dementia. We are, therefore, educationally and clinically adept at creating communications with clients that other professional helpers may struggle to achieve. How we use tone of voice, rhythm and melody, and nuances of gesture are skills that can be taught to fellow caregivers.This article draws upon knowledge gleaned from the author having conducted over 20 enhanced communication trainings with nurses, s...
Chemical test for mammalian feces in grain products: collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted to validate the use of the AOAC alkaline phosphatase method for mammalian feces in corn meal, 44.B01-44.B06, for 7 additional products: brown rice cream, oat bran, grits, semolina, pasta flour, farina, and barley plus (a mixture of barley, oat bran, and brown rice). The proposed method determines the presence of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme contained in mammalian feces, by using phenolphthalein diphosphate as the enzyme substrate in a test agar medium. Fecal matter is separated from the grain products by specific gravity differences in 1% test agar. As the product is distributed on liquid test agar, fecal fragments float while the grain products sink. The alkaline phosphatase cleaves phosphate radicals from phenolphthalein diphosphate, generating free phenolphthalein, which produces a pink to red-purple color around the fecal particles in the previously colorless medium. Collaborators' recovery averages ranged from 21.7 particles (72.3%) for oat bran to 25.3 particles (84.3%) for semolina at the 30 particle spike level. Overall average background was 0.4 positive reactions per food type. The collaborators reported that the method was quick, simple, and easy to use. The method has been approved interim official first action for all 7 grain products.
School Uniform Policies: Students’ Views of Effectiveness:

Nurturing Schools literature advises considering students’ voices to help determine the influence of policies on cognitive, social, emotional, and ethical intellectual growth. This study employed f...
Inherited Metabolic Disorders with Associated Movement Abnormalities

Numerous metabolic disorders, many rare, can result in motor abnormalities. Most conditions are inherited, with many manifesting in childhood and adolescence, and less commonly in adulthood. Metabolic disorders have a variety of clinical presentations ranging from acute symptoms in the neonatal period to slower, more gradual onsets at a later age. Associated movement abnormalities are variable and typified by evolving symptoms including chorea, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, and Parkinsonism. In this chapter, the metabolic abnormality, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment for various conditions are presented in a disorder-based framework.
Hindbrain A2 noradrenergic neuron adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activation, upstream kinase/phosphorylase protein expression, and receptivity to hormone and fuel reporters of short‐term food deprivation are regulated by estradiol

Estradiol (E) mitigates acute and postacute adverse effects of 12 hr-food deprivation (FD) on energy balance. Hindbrain 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates hyperphagic and hypothalamic metabolic neuropeptide and norepinephrine responses to FD in an E-dependent manner. Energy-state information from AMPK-expressing hindbrain A2 noradrenergic neurons shapes neural responses to metabolic imbalance. Here we investigate the hypothesis that FD causes divergent changes in A2 AMPK activity in E- vs. oil (O)-implanted ovariectomized female rats, alongside dissimilar adjustments in circulating metabolic fuel (glucose, free fatty acids [FFA]) and energy deficit-sensitive hormone (corticosterone, glucagon, leptin) levels. FD decreased blood glucose in oil (O)- but not E-implanted ovariectomized female rats and elevated and reduced glucagon levels in O and E, respectively. FD decreased circulating leptin in O and E, but increased corticosterone and FFA concentrations in E only. Western blot analysis of laser-microdissected A2 neurons showed that glucocorticoid receptor type II and very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 protein profiles were amplified in FD/E vs. FD/O. A2 total AMPK protein was elevated without change in activity in FD/O, whereas FD/E exhibited increased AMPK activation along with decreased upstream phosphatase expression. The catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) was increased in FD/O but not FD/E A2 cells. The data show discordance between A2 AMPK activation and glycemic responses to FD; sensor activity was refractory to glucose decrements in FD/O but augmented in FD/E despite stabilized glucose and elevated FFA levels. E-dependent amplification of AMPK activity may reflect adaptive conversion to fatty acid oxidation and/or glucocorticoid stimulation. FD augmentation of A2 DβH protein profiles in FD/O but not FD/E animals suggests that FD may correspondingly regulate NE synthesis vs. metabolism/release in the absence vs. presence of E. Mechanisms underlying translation of E-contingent A2 neuron responses to FD into regulatory signaling remain to be determined. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new approach for simulation of circuit degradation due to hot-electron damage in NMOSFETs

The authors present a novel approach for modeling hot-electron-induced change in drain current for both forward and reverse modes of operation. The change in drain current, Delta I/sub D/, is implemented as an asymmetrical voltage-controlled current source. The authors first present the physical basis of the model and derive the analytical model equations. the implementation scheme for the analytical Delta I/sub D/ model in the BERT (Berkeley Reliability Tool) simulator and a detailed evaluation of the model as a function of different device and circuit parameters are also given. Simulation results of unidirectional and bidirectional circuits based on the new model are presented. >
Irrational exuberance in the Chinese iron ore market

The rapid run-ups in the Chinese iron ore market in the first half of 2016 have sparked much concern about the appearance of speculative bubbles in this market among many market analysts. Using a r...
Body Mass, Wing Length, and Condition of Wintering Ducks Relative to Hematozoa Infection

Abstract Waterfowl managers lack information regarding factors that may be reducing the positive response of waterfowl body condition to habitat improvements. Protozoan blood parasites (i.e., hematozoa) are commonly found in birds and have been related to reduced body mass, wing length, and body condition. We studied relationships between 12 measures of hematozoa infection and body mass, wing length, and body mass divided by wing length (i.e., body condition index) of the five most common duck species (northern pintail [Anas acuta], mallard [A. platyrhynchos], green-winged teal [A. crecca], American wigeon [A. americana], northern shoveler [A. clypeata]) wintering in the Central Valley of California during October 2006–January 2007. After accounting for variation due to species, age–sex cohort, Central Valley region, and month, wing length, body mass, and body condition index were found to be negatively related to infection by Leucocytozoon and by “any hematozoa” but not related to infection by only Plasm...
Platinum-based combination therapy (PCT) and outcomes for patients (pts) with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (mHCC/ICC).

e15146 Background: mHCC/IHC is a histologic subtype of liver cancer for which there are no established therapies. Major clinical trials of either HCC or ICC have excluded such pts and only case rep...
Hybrid Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Preservation of Pelvic Perfusion with External to Internal Iliac Artery Bypass

Background Diminished pelvic arterial flow as a result of intentional coverage/embolization of internal iliac arteries (IIA) during isolated endovascular common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA) repair or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR) may result in symptomatic pelvic ischemia. Although generally well tolerated, in severe cases, pelvic ischemia may manifest as recalcitrant buttock claudication, vasculogenic impotence, or perineal, vesicle, rectal, and/or spinal cord ischemia. Branched graft technology has recently become available; however, many patients are not candidates for endovascular repair with these devices. Therefore, techniques to preserve pelvic arterial flow are needed. We reviewed our outcomes of isolated endovascular CIAA repair or EVAR in conjunction with unilateral external-internal iliac artery bypass. Methods Single-center, retrospective review of 10 consecutive patients who underwent hybrid endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) or CIAA repair with concomitant external-internal iliac artery bypass between 2006 and 2015. Demographics, index procedural details, postoperative symptoms, hospital length of stay (LOS), follow-up imaging, and bypass patency were recorded. Results The cohort of 10 patients was all men with a mean age of 71 years (range: 56–84). Hybrid repair consisted of contralateral IIA coil embolization followed by EVAR with external iliac artery–internal iliac artery (EIA-IIA) bypass. All EIA-IIA bypasses were performed via a standard lower quadrant retroperitoneal approach with a prosthetic bypass graft. Technical success was 100%, and there were no perioperative deaths. One patient developed transient paraplegia, 1 patient had buttock claudication on the side of his hypogastric embolization contralateral to his iliac bypass, and 1 developed postoperative impotence. 20% of patients sustained long-term complications (buttock claudication and postoperative impotence). Mean LOS was 2.8 days (range: 1–9 days). Postoperative imaging was obtained in 90% of patients, and mean follow-up was 10.8 months (range: 0.5–36 months). All bypasses remained patent. Conclusions Although branched graft technology continues to evolve, strategies to maintain adequate pelvic circulation are necessary to avoid the devastating complications of pelvic ischemia. We have demonstrated that a hybrid approach combining EVAR or isolated endovascular common iliac artery exclusion with a unilateral external-internal iliac bypass via a retroperitoneal approach is well tolerated with a short LOS and excellent patency rates.
A P4 bubble enriched P3 divergence-free finite element on triangular grids

Abstract On triangular grids, the continuous P k plus discontinuous P k − 1 mixed finite element is stable for polynomial degree k ≥ 4 . When k = 3 , the inf–sup condition fails and the mixed finite element converges at an order that is two orders lower than the optimal order. We enrich the continuous P 3 by adding some P 4 divergence-free bubble functions, to be exact, one P 4 divergence-free bubble function each component each edge. We show that such an enriched P 3 – P 2 mixed element is inf–sup stable, and converges at the optimal order. Numerical tests are presented, comparing the new element with the P 4 – P 3 element and the unstable P 3 – P 2 element.
Jerusalem is Ground Zero

Discusses Jerusalem’s growing importance internationally, the beginning of Zionist settlement in Palestine up through the beginning of the British mandatory period, and the emergence of the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif as a nationalistic point of contention.
Age related changes in balance performance during self-selected and narrow stance testing.

Abstract Background Various balance tests have been considered as fall risk screening tools however there is a lot of variability in the methods and outcome measures reported. Based on previous research examining age-related changes in balance and differences between fallers and nonfallers, the purpose of this investigation was to examine age-related balance changes, as reflected in medial-lateral center of pressure (CP) velocity, in community-dwelling/independently living adults (≥60 years) during self-selected and narrow stance testing with eyes opened and closed. Methods Two hundred and thirty adults aged 60 yrs or older completed one 45 s trial under two stances (self-selected, narrow) and two visual conditions (eyes opened, eyes closed). Average medial-lateral CP velocity was computed from the CP data, with preliminary analysis demonstrating positive skewness and association with body height. A sway velocity index (SVI) was created by a natural logarithm transformation and dividing by body height. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between age, visual condition, stance, and sex with SVI. Results Age, visual condition, stance and sex were all demonstrated to be significant predictors of SVI, with the combination of the predictors explaining 25% of the variance in the SVI. Conclusions These results confirm the balance testing protocol and SVI to be sensitive to age-related changes in balance performance. The results of this study should help future research aimed towards establishing a quick, easy to administer, and readily interpretable instrumented test for assisting with identifying potential balance impairments in older adults who have yet to demonstrate outward deficits.
Embedded Activity Monitoring Methods

As the average age of the population increases worldwide, automated tools for remote monitoring of activity are increasingly necessary and valuable. This chapter highlights embedded systems for activity recognition that provide privacy, do not require major infrastructure,and are easy to configure. The strengths and weaknesses of popular sensing modes that include RFID, motion, pressure, acceleration, and machine vision are discussed. A new activity detection system is also described for high privacy area like the bathroomand bedroom environment.
Thermodynamical Behavior at Valence Instabilities

The isomorphic valence transitions [1] in cerium and SmS are solid-state analogues of the liquid-vapor transition. A line of first-order transitions in the P-T plane terminates at a critical point {P0, T0} [2]; the lattice symmetry is not broken, and density is the order parameter. The enormous cell-volume change (ΔV/V~0.15) is accompanied by a divergence in compressibility at the critical point [3, 4]; large changes in magnetic susceptibility χ and electrical resistivity ρ reflect the change in electronic structure underlying the phase transition. The first-order transitions can also be driven second order by intra-rare-earth alloying in such systems as Sml−xRExS [5] and Ce1−xREx[6]. In this paper we discuss primarily the system Ce1−xThx. The critical point {x0, T0} at P=0 in the x-T plane is located; the behavior is that of mean-field theory [7]. This presumably reflects a long-range interaction arising from the electro-elastic coupling involved in the lattice collapse. A quantitative Landau free energy functional, valid in the critical region, is exhibited[8]. We attempt to infer the existence of certain terms in the microscopic hamiltonian, corresponding to those in the free energy.
Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages: results from a 2011 national public opinion survey.

Background Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages including nondiet sodas, sport drinks, and energy drinks has been linked with obesity. Recent state and local efforts to tax these beverages have been unsuccessful. Enactment will be unlikely without public support, yet little research is available to assess how to effectively make the case for such taxes. Purpose The objectives were to assess public opinion about arguments used commonly in tax debates regarding sugar-sweetened beverages and to assess differences in public opinion by respondents' political party affiliation. Methods A public opinion survey was fielded in January–March 2011 using a probability-based sample of respondents from a large, nationally representative online panel to examine public attitudes about nine pro- and eight anti-tax arguments. These data were analyzed in August 2011. Results Findings indicated greater public agreement with anti- than pro-tax arguments. The most popular anti-tax argument was that a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages is arbitrary because it does not affect consumption of other unhealthy foods (60%). A majority also agreed that such taxes were a quick way for politicians to fill budget holes (58%); an unacceptable intrusion of government into people's lives (53.8%); opposed by most Americans (53%); and harmful to the poor (51%). No pro-tax arguments were endorsed by a majority of the public. Respondents reported highest agreement with the argument that sugar-sweetened beverages were the single largest contributor to obesity (49%) and would raise revenue for obesity prevention (41%). Conclusions Without bolstering public support for existing pro-tax messages or developing alternative pro-tax messages, enacting such policies will be difficult. Message-framing studies could be useful in identifying promising strategies for persuading Americans that taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages are warranted.
Use of the fluorochrome calcofluor white in the screening of stool specimens for spores of microsporidia

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal pathogens associated with chronic diarrhea in individuals infected with HIV. Direct detection methods for microsporidial spores in stool include chromotrope-based, fluorochrome, and immunofluorescent stains. The authors compared the ability to detect microsporidial spores in 168 stool specimens using two stains: a chromotrope-based modified trichrome stain and a fluorochrome stain, calcofluor white (Cellufluor, Polysciences, Warrington, PA). In addition to being faster and easier to perform, the calcofluor white stain was found to be more sensitive than the chromotrope-based stain, as 6 of 24 specimens positive by calcofluor white were negative by the chromotrope-based stain on initial smear evaluation. Repeat examination confirmed these six as being positive. To evaluate the specificity of the calcofluor white stain, 20 formalin-fixed stool specimens (5 positive and 15 negative for microsporidial spores) were evaluated in blinded fashion by two affiliated clinical laboratories using their own formulations of calcofluor white. A single discrepant result (falsely positive) was reported from one laboratory. The use of the calcofluor white stain is recommended as a simple and highly sensitive screening procedure for the detection of microsporidial spores in stool specimens.
Technology-enabled performance monitoring in intensive care: An integrative literature review

Abstract Background Implementation of evidence-based bundles in intensive care units is integral to improving quality of care and patient outcomes. However, it increases the burden of data collection and analysis required for performance monitoring and feedback of an inter-disciplinary care team. Health information technology including electronic health records and data analytic tools could automate this process and provide real-time feedback to the team. Aim This integrative literature review aimed to examine the extent to which technology-enabled performance monitoring and feedback contributed to improving quality of care and patient outcomes when implementing evidence-based bundles. Methods A literature search of scientific databases was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINHAL and Ovid Medline. Results Of nine studies included in this review, all reported improved compliance of the team with evidence-based bundles, ranging from 3% to 60% post implementation of technology-enabled performance monitoring and feedback. Significant reductions (p Conclusions Overall, the addition of documentation fields to electronic health records was essential in providing real-time feedback to teams and improving their compliance with evidence-based bundles. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of technology-enabled performance monitoring and feedback in improving patient outcomes on a larger scale, especially in resource-limited settings such as community hospitals.
A Better Algorithm for Societal Tradeoffs

In the societal tradeoffs problem, each agent perceives certain quantitative tradeoffs between pairs of activities, and the goal is to aggregate these tradeoffs across agents. This is a problem in social choice; specifically, it is a type of quantitative judgment aggregation problem. A natural rule for this problem was axiomatized by Conitzer et al. [AAAI 2016]; they also provided several algorithms for computing the outcomes of this rule. In this paper, we present a significantly improved algorithm and evaluate it experimentally. Our algorithm is based on a tight connection to minimum-cost flow that we exhibit. We also show that our algorithm cannot be improved without breakthroughs on min-cost flow.
Administration of enrofloxacin during late pregnancy failed to induce lesions in the resulting newborn foals

Background A recent study demonstrated that enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin cross the equine placenta without causing gross cartilage or tendon lesions in the 9-month fetus; however, long-term effects of in utero fluoroquinolone exposure remain unknown. Objectives To assess effects of fetal exposure to enrofloxacin on the resulting foal's cartilage and tendon strength. Study design and methods Healthy mares at 280 days' gestation were allocated into four groups: untreated (n = 5), therapeutic treatment (7.5 mg/kg enrofloxacin, PO × 14 days, n = 6), supratherapeutic treatment (15 mg/kg, PO × 14 days, n = 6) and no mare treatment with treatment of the foals post-partum (n = 2). Mares were allowed to carry pregnancy to term, and foals were maintained on pasture for 5 weeks. After that foals were euthanized, and their articular cartilage and extensor and flexor tendons were examined macroscopically and histologically for lesions. Tendon strength was tested by loading until failure. Results Administration of enrofloxacin at recommended doses in late gestation did not result in cartilaginous lesions or clinical lameness in any foal by 5 weeks old. Tensile strength was greater in hind tendons than front tendons, but no difference was found between foals born from treated and control mares. Expectedly, osteochondral changes were present both in foals born from enrofloxacin-treated mares and in negative control foals with no apparent association with fluoroquinolone treatment during pregnancy. Main limitations Only one time point in gestation was evaluated, and mares treated in the study were healthy at time of treatment. Additionally, it is possible that the assessments performed herein were not sensitive enough to detect subtle or functional changes in the articular cartilage. Further studies are needed to determine if enrofloxacin administration during late pregnancy potentiates osteochondral alterations in the first year of life. Conclusions While this study did not assess other stages of gestation or long-term foal outcomes, short-term administration of enrofloxacin to late gestation mares did not result in macroscopic or microscopic lesions in the resulting foals by 5 weeks of age.
Does Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Benefit Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy

Purpose This article is a review of the evidence for using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a treatment for dysphagia when given to head and neck cancer patients with dysphagia second...
Script N = 4 SYM to two loops: compact expressions for the non-compact symmetry algebra of the fraktur sfraktur u(1,1|2) sector

We begin a study of higher-loop corrections to the dilatation generator of = 4 SYM in non-compact sectors. In these sectors, the dilatation generator contains infinitely many interactions, and therefore one expects very complicated higher-loop corrections. Remarkably, we find a short and simple expression for the two-loop dilatation generator. Our solution for the non-compact (1,1|2) sector consists of nested commutators of four (g1) generators and one simple auxiliary generator. Moreover, the solution does not require the planar limit; we conjecture that it is valid for any gauge group. To obtain the two-loop dilatation generator, we find the complete (g3) symmetry algebra for this sector, which is also given by concise expressions. We check our solution using published results of direct field theory calculations. By applying the expression for the two-loop dilatation generator to compute selected anomalous dimensions and the bosonic (2) sector internal S-matrix, we confirm recent conjectures of the higher-loop Bethe ansatz of hep-th/0412188.
Deaminative Arylation of Amino Acid-derived Pyridinium Salts.

A Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of α-pyridinium esters and arylboroxines has been developed. Combined with formation of the pyridinium salts from amino acid derivatives, this method enables amino a...
Design Principles, Common Land, and Collective Violence in Africa

The conventional wisdom blames colonialism as the root cause of violence in Africa, but at the expense of analytical clarity about the context of collective violence over common land. This article uses qualitative data and Elinor Ostrom’s perspective on governing the commons to analyze collective violence over common land in an African community. It finds that the absence of certain design principles strikes at the root of the violence in the African case. Exploring the less understood intricacies enriches analytical clarity about the conditions that lend themselves to sustaining the commons and gaining the compliance of generation after generation of resource users with property rights institutions for governing the commons.
Black Spots in Cyberspace

Central themes of this book have revolved around rethinking sovereignty and the global economy. What happens when we introduce the notion of cyberspace, a domain that appears to eliminate political jurisdictions and to move globalization to a new level? Do black spots become less relevant to the study of illicit activities as criminals, insurgents, and terrorists increasingly adopt cyber-technology? Or are black spots just as likely to be found in this so-called virtual world in ways similar to the physical world of states? This chapter explores if there are black spots in cyberspace. We start by introducing the concept of cyberspace and exploring how it relates to the illicit world. Of interest are the various ways criminal actors use cyber-technology to enhance their operations. In other words, are illicit activities changing in response to the evolution of cyberspace? Building on this discussion, we show the relevance of the notion of black spots to cyberspace and provide examples of their impact.
Single-Surgeon Direct Comparison of O-arm Neuronavigation versus Mazor X Robotic-Guided Posterior Spinal Instrumentation.

Objective We sought to compare intraoperative surgical instrumentation techniques with image-guidance versus robotic-guided procedures for posterior spinal fusion. Methods A retrospective review of institutional data collected from a single surgeon was used to compare surgical outcomes between O-arm neuronavigation and the Mazor X robotic-assistance system for placement of posterior spinal instrumentation in a consecutive series of patients. Univariate statistical significance testing compared time spent in the operating room, blood loss, screw accuracy, and wound healing. Results Between January 2017 and February 2019, 46 O-arm cases (mean age 59.6 years ± 13.7 years) and 39 Mazor X cases (mean age 59.5 years ± 12.4 years) were conducted. Cases were classified as degenerative, infectious, oncologic, and trauma with a mean of 4.57 and 5.43 levels operated on using O-arm neuronavigation and Mazor X, respectively. Mean operative times (P = 0.124), estimated blood loss (P = 0.212), wound revision rates (P = 0.560), and clinically acceptable instrumentation placement (P = 0.076) did not demonstrate significance between the 2 groups. However, screw placement was significantly more accurate and precise (P = 1 × 10–9) with robotic assistance when considering Gertzbein-Robbins A placement. Conclusions Although a trend toward greater accuracy was noticed with robotic technology when determining clinically acceptable screws, there was not a significant difference when compared with O-arm neuronavigation. However, robotic technology has a significant effect on both precision and accuracy in Gertzbein-Robbins A screw placement. Robotics does not have a clear advantage when discussing infection rates, intraoperative blood loss, or operative time.
Cyber and Physical Anomaly Detection in Smart-Grids

The inclusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in industrial control systems (ICSs) has opened ICSs to several attack vectors, which are increasingly targeting critical infrastructure. Accurate detection and distinction between benign physical disturbances, malicious cyber-attacks, and malicious physical-attacks are necessary to protect critical infrastructure. While cyber sensors provide a useful tool to identify and mitigate cyber attacks, they often ignore the physical behavior of the system at hand. In this paper, we present a cyber-physical sensor called IREST (ICS Resilient Security Technology). The sensor takes a holistic approach in detecting anomalies by considering both cyber and physical disturbances in a complex system. The sensor was tested under different cyber-physical scenarios using the Idaho CPS SCADA Cybersecurity (ISAAC) testbed. The test scenarios capture different operational states of the CPS testbed, including various cyber and physical anomalies. The experiments show that the IREST sensor is able to detect both cyber and physical anomalies. The sensor has the benefit that training requires only normal data and is able to detect disturbances that have not been seen before. The presented approach provides a scalable framework for cyber-physical security research that can be expanded in the future.
Patient and Partner Sexual Concerns During the First Year After an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Secondary Analysis of the P+P Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abstract Background Sexual concerns and changes in sexual activity are common among patients and their intimate partners after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Aims Our aims were to (i) describe patient and partner sexual activity and related concerns from the time of an initial ICD implant through 12-month follow-up and (ii) identify factors predictive of return to sexual activity and fears associated with sexual activity. Methods This secondary descriptive analysis was conducted with data from a randomized controlled trial (2009–2015) designed to compare 2 interventions for patients (Patient-Only) and for patients and their partners (Patient+Partner) after implant of an initial ICD. The sample included 105 patients and their intimate partners who reported sexual activity during the 24 months before ICD implant. Outcomes The Sexual Concerns Inventory was used to assess sexual activity and related concerns. Results Study participants comprised 72% male and were of mean age 65.6 ± 10.6 years; partners comprised 64% female and were of mean age 63 ± 11.6 years. Sexual activity increased after ICD: 73% of patients reported no sexual intercourse during 2 months before study enrollment, whereas only 46% reported no sexual intercourse during the 2 months before 12-month follow-up. Reductions in sexual concerns were evident 1 month after implant, with continued reductions through 12 months (patient 6.48 ± 4.03 to 5.22 ± 3.38, P = .004; partner 6.93 ± 4.01 to 5.2 ± 3.56, P Clinical Implications ICD patients and partners report low levels of sexual activity at the time of initial ICD implant, with reported increases in sexual activity over the 12-month recovery period: Sexual concerns were highest immediately after ICD implant. Strengths & Limitations Notably, the major strengths of this study were the repeated measures and longitudinal study design; the main limitation of the study was the lack of a “usual care” control group. Conclusion Sexual activity at the time of an initial ICD implant is low, and sexual concerns are most prominent for both patients and partners immediately after implant placement. Baseline physical health predicts subsequent sexual activity at 3 months, while general ICD-related worry predicts sexual fears at 3 and 12 months. Streur MM, Rosman LA, Sears SF, et al. Patient and Partner Sexual Concerns During the First Year After an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Secondary Analysis of the P+P Randomized Clinical Trial. J Sex Med 2020;17:892–902.
Executive Function in Low Birth Weight Preschoolers: The Moderating Effect of Parenting.

Previous meta-analyses have identified moderate deficits in executive function (EF) in children born low birth weight (birth weight < 2500 g; LBW). The current study tests the joint contribution of LBW and parenting quality on trajectories of executive function in 1121 preschoolers (50 % boys). We estimated latent growth curve models to represent linear change in EF from 3 to 5 years of age, and tested the impact of LBW, parenting, and their interaction, on the estimated trajectory parameters. Although LBW was related to lower EF ability at all three time points (Cohen’s d = 0.43–0.55), LBW children who experienced high levels of sensitive parenting in toddlerhood exhibited faster rates of improvement in EF, and were virtually indistinguishable from their normal birth weight peers by age 5. On the other hand, LBW children who experienced below average levels of sensitive parenting showed lasting deficits in EF ability. These findings suggest that sensitive parenting may buffer LBW children from lasting deficits in EF. Implications of these findings for future interventions are discussed.
Improved B-Lynch suture in the treatment of cesarean section refractory hemorrhage

Objective To explore the application value of improved B-Lynch suture in the treatment of cesarean section refractory hemorrhage.Methods To analyze retrospectively the information of cesarean section refractory hemorrhage patients who have taken conventional treatment or improved B-Lynch suture treatment in our hospital,taken the conventional treatment.the uterus was remove when it's invalid.the improved B-Lynch suture treatment was taken.Results In the improved B-Lynch suture treatment group,the patients have apprently little blood loss,shorter time in the cesarean section operation(t =8.58,6.38,P ＜ 0.05).And none of the cases took the hysterectomy or occured DIC.In the conventional treatment group,the blood loss was more,the operation time was longer,and 6 cases took the hysterectomy,5 cases occured DIC.The two groups were significantly different(x2 =6.98,4.59,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion In the cesarean section,if refractory hemorrhage happen and the conventional measures does not work,the improved B-Lynch suture should be taken into consideration.It has good hemostatic effect. Key words: Cesarean section; Postpartum hemorrhage
The Role of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Non-colorectal Peritoneal Surface Malignancies

Peritoneal carcinomatosis, from a variety of gastrointestinal and gynecological malignancies, has been historically challenging to treat and there remains a wide range of biologic aggressiveness in these patients. Malignancies commonly associated with PC include those of colorectal, appendiceal, gastric, ovarian, sarcoma, small intestinal, and primary peritoneal origin among others. Advances in our understanding of this unique disease process have led to significant interest in cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) as an emerging treatment option. The goal of CRS-HIPEC is to remove all visible macroscopic disease while preserving organ function, and then treat microscopic disease through perfusion of the peritoneal cavity with heated chemotherapy. Although recent reviews have focused on the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to colorectal cancer given the publication of several recent randomized controlled trials, the purpose of the current review is to summarize the evidence on CRS-HIPEC for non-colorectal peritoneal surface malignancies, including appendiceal neoplasms, malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. While retrospective studies have clarified the importance of prognostic factors such as the peritoneal carcinomatosis index, completeness of cytoreduction, histopathological characteristics, and lymph node positivity, the lack of convincing level 1 evidence for the use of CRS-HIPEC has led to it remaining a highly controversial topic. The decision to utilize CRS-HIPEC should involve a multidisciplinary team approach and evaluation of prognostic factors to balance the short-term morbidity of the operation with maximum long-term benefits. Large, multi-institutional groups and ongoing trials hold promise for clarifying the role of CRS-HIPEC in peritoneal surface malignancies.
Development and Psychometric Analysis of the Transgender Family Acceptance To Empowerment (TransFATE) Scale.

Abstract Purpose Parent and caregiver support can reduce health disparities experienced by gender diverse youth (GDY). Parent and caregiver empowerment improves health outcomes for children with medical and mental health diagnoses, but no existing scale measures this construct in families of GDY. We aimed to develop a scale measuring empowerment in parents and caregivers of GDY. Methods We adapted two existing scales and added investigator-derived items to create a survey instrument. We revised using input from focus groups and experts assessing face and content validity. Using the revised scale, we surveyed parents and caregivers of GDY from across the U.S. to assess the construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, and convergent validity. Results The initial 67 items were reduced to 42 items after face and content validity analyses. Parents and caregivers (n = 309) from 31 states completed the revised measure. Most participants were white (81.4%), mothers (69.3%), and parenting a gender diverse child who identifies on the binary (transmasculine, male, transfeminine, or female; 91.3%). Exploratory factor analyses showed a two-factor solution: Factor 1 having 10 items (Cronbach's alpha = .86) and Factor 2 having six items (Cronbach's alpha = .86). Our confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit (Comparative Factor Index = .972, Tucker-Lewis Index = .968, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .060 [90% confidence interval = .410–.078], and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = .062). Conclusions The Transgender Family Acceptance To Empowerment (TransFATE) scale demonstrates face, content, and construct validity among a geographically diverse sample of GDY's parents and caregivers. This scale has the potential to aid in developing and evaluating programs focused on building stronger social supports for GDY through increased family empowerment.
Insider Ownership, Corporate Diversification, and Firm Value: Evidence from REITs

We examine the link between REIT insider ownership and property type diversification. Also, we investigate whether property-focused REITs with more insider equity holdings have a higher market valu...
Polypeptide organic radical batteries.

In only a few decades, lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized technologies, enabling the proliferation of portable devices and electric vehicles1, with substantial benefits for society. However, the rapid growth in technology has highlighted the ethical and environmental challenges of mining lithium, cobalt and other mineral ore resources, and the issues associated with the safe usage and non-hazardous disposal of batteries2. Only a small fraction of lithium-ion batteries are recycled, further exacerbating global material supply of strategic elements3–5. A potential alternative is to use organic-based redox-active materials6–8 to develop rechargeable batteries that originate from ethically sourced, sustainable materials and enable on-demand deconstruction and reconstruction. Making such batteries is challenging because the active materials must be stable during operation but degradable at end of life. Further, the degradation products should be either environmentally benign or recyclable for reconstruction into a new battery. Here we demonstrate a metal-free, polypeptide-based battery, in which viologens and nitroxide radicals are incorporated as redox-active groups along polypeptide backbones to function as anode and cathode materials, respectively. These redox-active polypeptides perform as active materials that are stable during battery operation and subsequently degrade on demand in acidic conditions to generate amino acids, other building blocks and degradation products. Such a polypeptide-based battery is a first step to addressing the need for alternative chemistries for green and sustainable batteries in a future circular economy. An environmentally friendly, all-organic radical battery is demonstrated, in which redox-active polypeptides perform as both cathode and anode materials, with a metal-free organic electrolyte.
Nanoscale AlGaN and BN: Molecular beam epitaxy, properties, and device applications

Abstract In this chapter, we present an overview on the recent development of AlGaN and BN nanostructures by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and their emerging device applications. Efficient p-type conduction of AlN, that was previously difficult to achieve, has been made possible by exploiting N-rich epitaxy of AlN nanostructures. Studies have also shown that, due to the extreme quantum-confinement, monolayer GaN embedded in dislocation-free N-polar AlN nanocrystals can exhibit exciton binding energy larger than 200 meV, which rivals that of conventional two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Their promising device applications, including the realization of efficient Al(Ga)N UV-C LEDs and electrically pumped laser diodes operating in the UV-B and UV-C bands are also presented.