cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding gender differences in psychosocial functioning and treatment retention.

Although much research has compared males and females who seek substance abuse treatment, little attention has been given to factors that moderate or mediate relations between gender and dependent measures such as psychological functioning and retention. Consequently, this study examined whether family support, prior homelessness, embracement of the 12-step ideology, and attributions for addiction modified or accounted for these relations. Bivariate correlations showed that females reported less self-esteem and family support, as well as more self-blame and parental blame, than did their male counterparts. In contrast, males displayed more prior homelessness and less program completions than did die females. Multivariate analyses indicated that the relatively poor functioning of females was linked to lower family support and greater tendencies to blame themselves and their parents for their addictions. In addition, females were most likely to display low esteem when they engaged in high embracement of the...
Co-expression analysis identifies putative targets for CBP60g and SARD1 regulation

Salicylic acid is a critical signalling component in plant defence responses. In Arabidopsis, isochorismate synthase encoded by SID2 is essential for the biosynthesis of salicylic acid in response to biotic challenges. Recently, both the calmodulin binding protein CBP60g and its closest homolog, the non-calmodulin binding SARD1, have been shown to bind to the promoter region of SID2. Loss of both CBP60g and SARD1 severely impacts the plants ability to produce SA in response to bacterial inoculation and renders the plant susceptible to infection. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay CBP60g and SARD1 were shown to bind specifically to a 10mer oligonucleotide with the sequence GAAATTTTGG. Gene expression profiling on a custom microarray identified a set of genes, like SID2, down-regulated in cbp60g sard1 mutant plants. Co-expression analysis across a defined set of ATH1 full genome microarray experiments expanded this gene set; clustering analysis was then applied to group densely interconnected genes. A stringent threshold for co-expression identified two related calmodulin-like genes tightly associated with SID2. SID2 was found to cluster with genes whose promoter regions were significantly enriched with GAAATT motifs. Genes clustering with SID2 were found to be down-regulated in the cbp60g sard1 double mutant. Representative genes from other clusters enriched with the GAAATT motif were found to be variously down-regulated, unchanged or up-regulated in the double mutant. A previously characterised co-expression between SID2 and WRKY28 was not reproduced in this analysis but was contained within a subset of the experiments where SID2 was co-expressed with CBP60g or SARD1. Putative components of the CBP60g SARD1 signalling network have been uncovered by co-expression analysis. In addition to genes whose regulation is similar to that of SID2 some are repressed by CBP60g and SARD1.
Learning Disabled and Non-LD Children at Play

This investigation used sociometric measures in conjunction with observational techniques in studying the social integration of learning disabled elementary school children. Thirty-four learning disabled and non-LD children were observed on the school playground for a total of 90 minutes each. Few substantive differences between the LD and non-LD groups were observed. The learning disabled children tended to play alone more often. Sociometric questionnaires administered to classmates of the experimental group children indicated that the learning disabled children had lower status than the non-LD children, and that the non-LD children played with about half of the LD children for whom they expressed liking.
Structural Characterization of an Early Fusion Intermediate of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin.

The hemagglutinin (HA) envelope protein of influenza virus mediates viral entry through membrane fusion in the acidic environment of the endosome. Crystal structures of HA in pre- and postfusion states have laid the foundation for proposals for a general fusion mechanism for viral envelope proteins. The large-scale conformational rearrangement of HA at low pH is triggered by a loop-to-helix transition of an interhelical loop (B loop) within the fusion domain and is often referred to as the "spring-loaded" mechanism. Although the receptor-binding HA1 subunit is believed to act as a "clamp" to keep the B loop in its metastable prefusion state at neutral pH, the "pH sensors" that are responsible for the clamp release and the ensuing structural transitions have remained elusive. Here we identify a mutation in the HA2 fusion domain from the influenza virus H2 subtype that stabilizes the HA trimer in a prefusion-like state at and below fusogenic pH. Crystal structures of this putative early intermediate state reveal reorganization of ionic interactions at the HA1-HA2 interface at acidic pH and deformation of the HA1 membrane-distal domain. Along with neutralization of glutamate residues on the B loop, these changes cause a rotation of the B loop and solvent exposure of conserved phenylalanines, which are key residues at the trimer interface of the postfusion structure. Thus, our study reveals the possible initial structural event that leads to release of the B loop from its prefusion conformation, which is aided by unexpected structural changes within the membrane-distal HA1 domain at low pH.
The Ergogenic Potential of Arginine

Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is involved in protein synthesis, the detoxification of ammonia, and its conversion to glucose as well as being catabolized to produce energy. In addition to these physiological functions, arginine has been purported to have ergogenic potential. Athletes have taken arginine for three main reasons: 1) its role in the secretion of endogenous growth hormone; 2) its involvement in the synthesis of creatine; 3) its role in augmenting nitric oxide. These aspects of arginine supplementation will be discussed as well as a review of clinical investigations involving exercise performance and arginine ingestion.
Direct digital synthesizer with jittered clock

Since the direct digital synthesizer (DDS) can potentially be used as a flexible clock source, it is of interest to study its spectrum purity as well as jitter characteristic. In this paper, we investigate the jitter transfer characteristic of the DDS clock driven by a jittered digital-to-analog converter (DAC) clock. We first derive the dosed form expressions of the spectrum of the DAC output signal with jittered driving clock. These expressions are then used to investigate the spectral structure of the DDS clock. Equations are derived for the calculation of the SNR. For a small phase noise power in the driving clock, the DDS clock SNR is obtained in a simple closed form and is shown to be lower than that of the input driving clock by the amount of 20 log(f/sub s//d/sub d/) dB, where f/sub s/ is the nominal driving clock frequency and f/sub d/ is the desirable DDS output clock frequency.
The For-Profit Postsecondary School Sector: Nimble Critters or Agile Predators?

Private for-profit institutions have been the fastest growing part of the U.S. higher education sector. For-profit enrollment increased from 0.2 percent to 9.1 percent of total enrollment in degree-granting schools from 1970 to 2009, and for-profit institutions account for the majority of enrollments in non-degree granting postsecondary schools. We describe the schools, students, and programs in the for-profit higher education sector, its phenomenal recent growth, and its relationship to the federal and state governments. Using the 2004 to 2009 Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS) longitudinal survey we assess outcomes of a recent cohort of first-time undergraduates who attended for-profits relative to comparable students who attended community colleges or other public or private non-profit institutions. We find that relative to these other institutions, for-profits educate a larger fraction of minority, disadvantaged, and older students, and they have greater success at retaining students in their first year and getting them to complete short programs at the certificate and associate degree levels. But we also find that for-profit students end up with higher unemployment and "idleness" rates and lower earnings six years after entering programs than do comparable students from other schools, and that they have far greater student debt burdens and default rates on their student loans.
Frequency of Direct Funduscopy Upon Initial Encounters for Patients with Headaches, Altered Mental Status, and Visual Changes: A Pilot Study

Background: Residents’ funduscopy skill is an important topic for medical education. Objective: To provide a snapshot of the performance of direct funduscopy (DF) as part of the initial clinical assessment among different faculty physicians and residents from Internal Medicine (IM), Emergency Medicine (EM) and Neurology (N). Methods: Retrospective study of 200 randomly reviewed charts of patients (> 18 years) presenting either to the ED, inpatient units or outpatient clinics from January 2001 to July 2013, with corresponding ICD-9 codes for headaches, altered mental status and visual changes. Results: Whereas the Neurology Service was the one who performed most DF upon initial evaluation, DF is infrequently done throughout services independent of inpatient or outpatient location. More than half of patients (66%) presenting with visual symptoms had evaluation done by Ophthalmology. Conclusions: A more robust teaching of DF should be included among the basic clinical competencies during Medical School and Neurology Residency training.
Global Supply Chain Management At Printko Ink Company

The Printko Ink Company case illustrates how network models can be used as an aid in spreadsheet model formulation. It also enriches students’ knowledge how to use integer linear programming with binary (0-1) variables in dealing with fixed cost plant and warehouse location problems. Students completing the Printko Ink case will be able to develop a spreadsheet model that will solve for many logistic decision variables. It will help students decide where or whether to manufacture Printko Ink single product and how to get it to its customers around the world in the most economical manner.
Risk Factors for Menopausal Hot Flashes

Objective To find predictors of hot flashes at natural menopause. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 334 black and white, naturally menopausal women was selected from a control group in a population-based study of reproductive cancers in central North Carolina. Women reported whether they had experienced hot flashes at the time of menopause. Life-style factors and reproductive histories of those with and without hot flashes were compared. Results Compared to women who were older at menopause, those reporting natural menopause before age 52 years had a significantly increased probability of having hot flashes (prevalence ratio 1.5, P = .04). Less than a high school education was significantly related to an increased probability of hot flashes (prevalence ratio 1.4, P = .20). There was significant interaction between cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI), so that thin women who smoked in the premenopausal period were most likely to experience hot flashes (prevalence ratio 1.9, P = .03). Among non-smokers, BMI appeared to have no effect on the probability of hot flashes. Alcohol use, although not statistically significant, suggested a positive relation with hot flashes over and above that incurred from smoking. In addition, menarche before the age of 12 (prevalence ratio 0.6, P = .08) and a history of irregular menstrual cycles (prevalence ratio 0.6, P = .08) were marginally related to a decreased prevalence of hot flashes. Race, parity, and age at first and last pregnancy had no relation to hot flashes. Conclusion Socioeconomic factors and those related to the decline of estrogen production are related to the occurrence of hot flashes at the time of menopause.
Diuretics in the treatment of hypertension

Diuretics have long been used for the treatment of hypertension. Thiazide diuretics are the most commonly prescribed diuretics for hypertension, but other classes of diuretics may be useful in alternative circumstances. Although diuretics are no longer considered the preferred agent for treatment of hypertension in adults and children, they remain acceptable first-line options. Diuretics effectively decrease blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and in adults with hypertension reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Because of varied pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences, chlorthalidone may be the preferred thiazide diuretic in the treatment of primary hypertension. Other types of diuretics (e.g., loop, potassium sparing) may be useful for the treatment of hypertension related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other varied conditions. Common side effects of thiazides are mostly dose-related and involve electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities.
Effect of Secretin and Cholecystokinin on Canine Gastric Electrical Activity

SummaryIn four mongrel female dogs, gastric antral action potentials excited by a constant infusion of water into the lumen of the stomach were markedly inhibited by intravenous infusions of secretin but were not inhibited by similar infusions of cholecystokinin. The data suggest that secretin slows gastric emptying by decreasing gastric contractions whereas cholecystokinin does not. The reduced gastric emptying associated with duodenal acidification may thus be the consequence of release of secretin.
PEPCOR — A risk prediction model for pediatric intensive care units utilizing ventilator days and length of stay

Great sources of concern for pediatric and neonatal intensive care units are the total resource utilization and cost of caring for very sick children. This paper attempts to create a usable clinical decision support system (PEPCOR) that would help improve personalized health care and avoid unnecessary secondary, and costly, procedures that do not improve the care of a critically ill patient. The system uses the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta ICU database to analyze the effects on the risk, (quantified as the risk of invasive ventilation and associated complications) when combining two procedures versus administering one procedure without the other. The risk is calculated by computing the ratio of ventilator days to the length of stay, with a higher risk score indicating the second procedure did not improve the overall health of the patient. 82/90 of the procedure combinations showed a statistically significant difference with a p-value < 0.05 when the stand-alone procedure was compared to the combination of two procedures.
Investigation into important blood-sucking dipteran insects in a military maneuver field

Objective To investigate the species composition of important blood-sucking dipteran insects including mosquitoes,midges and horseflies in a military maneuver field.Methods Insects were captured using CO2 traps,net traps,animal traps and insect nets.Results Totally 6 474 blood-sucking dipteran insects were captured in the investigation.There were 12 species,6 genus of mosquitoes found in the investigation,and the dominant species were Cx.tritaeniorhynchus(35.04%),Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus(25.91%),An.sinensis(18.54%),Ar.subalbatus(10.17%) and Ae.albopictus(7.11%).11 species,2 genus of midges were found,and the dominant species were L.notailis(40.62%),C.arakawae(27.27%),C.erairai(19.41%) and C.schultzei(11.26%).6 species,3 genus of horseflies were found in the investigation,and the dominant species were T.amaenus(59.19%) and A.miser(21.25%). Conclusion Mosquitoes,midges and horseflies were the main blood-sucking dipteran insects in the military maneuver field,and mosquitoes was the most harmful.Mosquito control was the key point of control strategies of blood-sucking dipteran insects.
Immunity Against Fungal Infections

Fungal diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality among the immunocompromised, including HIV-infected individuals and patients with cancer. Individuals without a weakened immune system can also suffer from these infections. Not surprisingly, fungi are a major target for the immune system, rendered visible to it by expression of pathogen-associated molecular patterns/signatures. We now appreciate the roles of both innate and adaptive immunity in eliminating fungal infections, and how a disproportionate or inadequate immune response can diminish the host’s capacity to eliminate fungi. This review focuses on our current understanding of the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in clearing common and emergent fungal pathogens. A clearer understanding of how the host’s immune response tackles fungal infection may provide useful clues as to how we might develop new agents to treat those diseases in the future.
Importance of Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Levothyroxine (LT4) replacement should be promptly initiated in patients who have undergone thyroidectomy for a diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer in order to avoid any period of hypothyroidism . LT4 requirement is generally higher than that in patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism and decreases as a patient progresses from childhood to adulthood. The goal of therapy is a normal serum TSH, prevention of any symptoms of hypothyroidism , and ideally patient well-being and satisfaction. Levothyroxine should be administered in a schedule that the patient is able to adhere to, with awareness of medications such as calcium supplements, proton pump inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors that may increase a patient’s requirement for LT4. Patient education about lifelong dependence on exogenous LT4 is essential. There are multiple issues with being dependent on LT4 administration that may affect patients across their life span. These include remembering to take LT4 during childhood and adolescence, increased LT4 requirement during pregnancy in young adulthood, and avoidance of iatrogenic thyroid disease in all treated patients, but particularly avoidance of iatrogenic hyperthyroidism in older individuals. Quality of life may not be optimized in all patients taking LT4. Whether this may be addressed by providing a sustained release liothyronine preparation in combination with LT4 remains an area of future research.
1969: Econometric Model Building for Growth Projections

Emphasis in much recent work on macroeconometric model building has been placed on short-term forecasting. This is by no means a misguided activity, but it leaves undone another task of great importance to the users of econometric output. There is an evident need for longer-term analysis, capable of providing projections ahead for a decade or more. Just as many users find it essential to look ahead for the next few months or for periods up to two or three years, others find it essential, for their purposes, to look ahead for much longer stretches of time.
Software organization for dynamic and adaptable wearable systems

There is a growing interest in a class of systems having dynamic and adaptable properties. In this paper we discuss our work on one subclass of such systems, that of wearable computers. In particular, our interest is in the software organization necessary to build wearable computing systems. We will examine some of the key properties of such a software organization such as the ability to rapidly and dynamically reconfigure software to meet both physical changes and information changes of the wearable system. This has lead us to study a middleware layer for a wearable system that supports dynamic reconfiguration. The middleware approach is studied in the context of the NETMAN-a network maintenance assistant. Current results from the system evaluations and the final system requirements and open issues are presented.
Metrics of positive scalar curvature and unbounded min-max widths

In this work, we construct a sequence of Riemannian metrics on the three-sphere with scalar curvature greater than or equal to 6 and arbitrarily large widths. The search for metrics with such properties is motivated by the rigidity result of min-max minimal spheres in three-manifolds obtained by Marques and Neves (Duke Math J 161(14):2725–2752, 2012).
Love and Resistance: Moral Solidarity in the Face of Perceptual Failure

In this paper I explore how we ought to respond to the problematic inner lives of those that we love. I argue for an understanding of love that is radical and challenging—a powerful form of resistance within the confines of everyday relationships. I argue that love, far from the platitudinous and saccharine view, does not call for our acceptance of others’ failings. Instead, loving another means believing in their potential to grow and holding them to account when they fail. I argue that loving others means meeting them where they are and working to understand the role that oppressive ideologies, coupled with cognitive biases, play in generating and entrenching their problematic mental states. I then argue that we ought not disengage with our loved ones or write them off as lost causes, nor should we accept that we will simply “agree to disagree.” Instead, we should stand in moral solidarity with our loved ones and press them to become better while simultaneously understanding that such moral growth is usually a slow and painful process—often, the project of a lifetime.
Luttinger's Model and the Matter of Dispersion

In the Luttinger model, right-hand-going particles moving at a constant velocity c in 1D maintain a constant distance apart. Therefore their interaction energy should be a trivial constant of the motion whereas, in fact it is not. This interaction affects the dispersion of all the elementary excitations in the model, hence the dynamics and thermodynamics. (Identical remarks hold for the left-hand-goers.) The present paper explores the meaning of this interesting facet of Luttinger's model.
Gaps in Provision of Primary and Specialty Palliative Care in the Acute Care Setting by Race and Ethnicity.

Abstract Context Previous research has identified a large unmet need in provision of specialist-level palliative care services in the hospital. How much of this gap is filled by primary palliative care provided by generalists or nonpalliative specialists has not been quantified. Estimates of racial and ethnic disparities have been inconsistent. Objectives The objective of this study was to 1) estimate primary and specialty palliative care delivery and to measure unmet needs in the inpatient setting and 2) explore racial and ethnic disparities in palliative care delivery. Methods This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of 55,658 adult admissions to two acute care hospitals in the Bronx in 2013. Patients with palliative care needs were identified by criteria adapted from the literature. The primary outcomes were delivery of primary and specialist-level palliative care. Results In all, 18.5% of admissions met criteria for needing palliative care. Of those, 18% received specialist-level palliative care, an estimated 30% received primary palliative care, and 37% had no evidence of palliative care or advance care planning. Black and Hispanic patients were not less likely to receive specialist-level palliative care (adjusted odds ratio [OR] black patients = 1.18, 95% CI 0.98, 1.42; adjusted OR Hispanic patients = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04, 1.48), but they were less likely to receive primary palliative care (adjusted OR black patients = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20, 0.84; adjusted OR Hispanic patients = 0.48, 95% CI 0.25, 0.94). Conclusion Even when considering primary and specialty palliative care, hospitalized patients have a high prevalence of unmet palliative care need. Further research is needed understand racial and ethnic disparities in palliative care delivery.
Host Factors, Parasite Factors, and External Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Filarial Infections

This chapter describes host, parasite, and extrinsic factors independent of the immune system that contribute to filarial pathogenesis. Those with past infection with lymphatic filariasis but with current inflammation or clinical pathology have been the individuals most studied in the past. A significant proportion of patients in filarial endemic areas with hydroceles and lymphedema have active current filarial infection as defined by circulating antigenemia. These individuals with concurrent inflammation and filarial infection are perhaps the most suitable for studies on the relative roles of the filarial parasite itself, the host immune response, host genetics and extrinsic bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory attacks and disease progression.
Texture, Buttons, Sound and Code: Modal Preference and the Formation of Expert Identities

This paper examines a making project in a 9th grade English language arts (ELA) class through the lenses of multimodality and identity. Students retold popular picture books in a tactile form for an audience of children with visual impairments. They embedded audio in 3D printed pages using copper tape and Makey Makey boards that interacted with Scratch programs to play student-composed sound. Some students gravitated to certain modes and tools while designing their tactile books. As they developed expertise, they were recognized as resources within their groups and class. This study considers how giving students the opportunity to compose in multiple modes with a variety of tools during a collaborative design experience may offer opportunities for the development of expert identities.
Stigmatization, Syphilis, and Prostitution: The Discursive Construction of Sex Workers, Disease, and Feeblemindedness

This chapter examines how the discursive representations around syphilis and sex work interact to reproduce a whitened patriarchal discourse that ensures the worst violence goes unchecked. I argue that instead of stigmatizing the populations who are prone to diseases like syphilis, we should strive to openly accept the marginalized communities as something other than either test subjects for vaccines or problems needing to be quarantined away. In doing so, I connect the supposed moral inferiority of minorities and deviant populations to the subsequent abuses they experience at the hands of medical professionals. Ultimately, by refusing to approach Sexually Transmitted Diseases like syphilis as a problem of particular populations, delinking the disease from the individuals who contradict it is a necessary starting point to rebuild trust and truly address the problems of the disease.
What Is the Impact of Smoking on Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background There is a paucity of literature evaluating the impact of smoking on revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of smoking on complications after revision THA. Methods We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify patients who underwent revision THA between 2006 and 2014. Patients were divided into current smokers and nonsmokers. Each cohort was compared in terms of demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and operative time. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the outcomes of any wound complication, deep infection, and reoperation within 30 days of revision THA were calculated. Results In total, 8237 patients had undergone a revision THA. Of these patients, 14.7% were current smokers and 85.3% were nonsmokers. Univariate analyses demonstrated that smokers had a higher rate of any wound complication (4.1% vs 3.0%, P = .04), deep infection (3.2% vs 1.9%, P = .003), and reoperation (6.8% vs 4.8%, P = .003). Multivariate analysis controlling for confounding demographic, comorbidity, and operative variables identified current smokers as having a significantly increased risk of deep infection (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04-2.38) and reoperation (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03-1.85). Conclusion Smoking significantly increases the risk of infection and reoperation after revision THA. The results are even more magnified for revision procedures compared to published effects of smoking on primary THA complications. Further research is needed regarding the impact of smoking cessation on mitigation of these observed risks.
Automatic topic discovery of online hospital reviews using an improved LDA with Variational Gibbs Sampling

E-commerce websites such as Yelp.com, allow users to write online reviews of products and services, so new customers can have quick access to user experiences, covering everything from auto-repair to hospitals. However, a typical user may find it difficult to identify a topic of interest due to the overwhelming amount of review information. To deal with this issue, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model can be used to associate meaningful terms with text-based reviews, permitting keyword retrieval of individual documents. LDA is a powerful unsupervised learning approach, which has been widely used for topic modeling as well as in other related fields. A conventional implementation of LDA is through the Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo methodology, called Collapsed Gibbs Sampling (CGS). However, due to the usage of random numbers in the CGS approach, results from multiple trials on the same data are usually inconsistent. To avoid this tendency, we revise the conventional LDA approach using Variational Gibbs Sampling (VGS). VGS eliminates random numbers, and thus leads to consistent results as well as better performance. Our case study shows that our improved LDA can be used to automatically identify keywords and topics in online hospital reviews. Due to the usage of VGS, the accuracy of topic identification has been consistently improved.
"Bridge to the Literature"? Third-Party Genetic Interpretation Tools and the Views of Tool Developers.

Patients and health care consumers can obtain access to their “raw,” or uninterpreted, genetic data from direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies, researchers, or providers and pursue self-directed analysis via third-party interpretation tools. Yet relatively little is known about the nature of currently available interpretation tools or the motivations of tool developers. We conducted a structured content analysis of 23 third-party interpretation tool websites and supporting information, tracking features such as types of information returned, modes of generating and presenting that information, and privacy and security measures. We additionally conducted qualitative interviews with a subset of 10 tool developers. A majority of tools (16 of 23, or 70%) offer some type of health or wellness-related information, often extracted from publicly available variant annotation databases. Half of those interviewed characterized their activities as “bridging” users to the scientific literature rather than interpretation, for which they gave a variety of scientific, ethical, and regulatory justifications. The scale, heterogeneity, and complexity of information available from third-party interpretation are unprecedented. While developers aim to enlighten and empower tool users, interpretation-free “bridging” to rapidly evolving databases may instead impose burdens on genetic counselors and other health care providers asked to provide further contextualization and explanation.
Droit and Engin: Mesencius and Drances as Feudal Counselors in Le Roman d’Enéas

This article examines the radical revisions made to two characters from the Aeneid, Mezentius and Drances, in the twelfth-century French romance Le Roman d’Eneas. In particular, Mezentius and Drances are portrayed largely as vicious or unpleasant in the Aeneid, making their depictions in the Eneas surprising; from a torture-prone exiled tyrant in the Aeneid, Mezentius becomes a reasonable advisor advocating restraint and the rule of law, and the cowardly, jealous Drances becomes less obsequious, more clever, and more devoted to the well-being of the state. Although the relationship between the Aeneid and the Eneas is a popular area of inquiry for critics studying the romance, the changes made to these two characters are not often explored in any depth, perhaps because they are seen as less important to the central narrative and indicative of careless adaptation for the sake of the plot. I argue, however, that the transformations Mezentius and Drances undergo are carefully considered appropriations of their Virgilian characterizations. The author does not simplify the complexities of the Virgilian characters but instead reappropriates them to comment on the historical role of the courtly counselor and his theme of balance between private emotions and public duty for the sake of the state. By so doing, he cleverly engages twelfth-century audience’s expectations to make relevant political commentary and gives twenty-first-century readers new insights into medieval methods of adaptation.
Heterogeneous Conversion of SO2 to Sulfate

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to measure the rates of interaction of SO2 with solids that are of interest in urban aerosols. Results from these studies indicate that, for most of the solids examined, SO2 removal occurs by capacity limited reactions that convert the SO2 to adsorbed sulfate. Atmospheric projections of the laboratory results suggest that these reactions will be most important at or near the emission source.
Property values and tax rates near spent nuclear fuel storage

Abstract This paper examines potential property value impacts when a nuclear power plant closes and spent fuel remains on site. We confirm earlier research that fails to find an impact on property values of proximity to a nuclear power site. Another contribution of this paper is our finding that a one percentage point increase in property taxes is associated with a 4.31% decrease in the sale price of a home. These results provide evidence for a positive impact of operating nuclear facilities on surrounding communities in the form of reduced residential property taxes for a given level of public expenditures.
Supracerebellar Approach to Radiation-Induced Giant Capillary Telangiectasia Within Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma of Upper Brainstem.

Radiation-induced telangiectasia of the central nervous system has been described predominantly in children, with up to 20% of patients affected after 3–41 years of radiotherapy. 1 , 2 We present the case of a 45-year-old male with a pontine pilocytic astrocytoma treated with standard-dose radiation for 6 weeks in 1993. He developed a 3-cm multicystic, hemorrhagic brainstem lesion but was asymptomatic. The lesion caused severe brainstem mass effect, compatible with cavernous malformation or capillary telangiectasia. 3 It has been reported that cavernomas and capillary telangiectasias share a similar pathologic process. 4 , 5 The patient was surgically treated with a supracerebellar infratentorial approach to diagnose the hemorrhagic component of the lesion and ensure there was no transformation of the pilocytic astrocytoma ( Video 1 ). He was placed in a gravity-dependent supine position with the head flexed and turned to allow for natural relaxation of the cerebellum via gravity—a technique we previously described. 6 Surgical treatment proceeded with a left suboccipital craniotomy to decompress the cyst and facilitate removal of the intraaxial lesion. We took care to avoid injuring the fourth and fifth cranial nerves and branches of the superior cerebellar artery. No further lesional tissue was seen in the resection cavity. Interestingly, the final pathologic diagnosis indicated a mix of both pilocytic astrocytoma and radiation-induced capillary telangiectasia. From the surgeon's perspective, capillary telangiectasias appear similar to cavernous malformations on gross inspection, so pathologic confirmation is essential. Postoperative imaging demonstrated total resection of the lesion. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3 with no neurologic deficit.
Investigation of Bacterial Contamination of Dialysis water and Dialysate in Blood Purification Center of Jiamusi City

[Objective]To understand the bacterial contamination of dialysis water and dialysate in Jianmusi City.[Methods]The reverse osmosis water and dialysate samples were collected from 8 hospitals in Jiamusi City.Bacterial culture and colony counting were performed,and TAL reagent was used for qualitative detection of endotoxin.[Results]Bacterial cultures of reverse osmosis water were positive in 2 hospitals,the total bacterial count was 300 CFU/ml,all results of endotoxin detection were 2 EU/ml;endotoxin level of concentrated dialysate A were all 2 EU/ml;endotoxin level of concentrated dialysate B were all 2 EU/ml.Bacterial cultures of dialyzer entrance were positive in 3 hospitals,endotoxin detection results of 2 hospitals were 2 EU/ml.[Conclusion]Currently,bacterial contamination exists in reverse osmosis water and dialysate of several blood purification centers in Jiamusi City.It is necessary to regularly detect the endotoxin levels of reverse osmosis water and dialysate,to perform bacterial culture,and to disinfect reverse osmosis water device and dialysate container regularly,which are important for reducing heat source reaction.
US Trends in Pediatric VAD Utilization - Where are We Now?

Purpose Pediatric ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy is a rapidly changing field where devices and applications are rapidly evolving. We sought to describe some of the most recent trends in pediatric VAD use and contemporary outcomes since UNOS began collecting VAD data on all listed patients regardless of whether they survived. Methods All children ≤21 years of age listed for isolated HT between Jan 2004 and 2019 and underwent VAD placement were identified using OPTN data. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize recent trends in VAD utilization. Waitlist survival in children with cardiomyopathy, CHD and single-ventricle heart disease were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Overall, 2059 children met the study inclusion criteria of whom the median age was 11 (IQR 1, 17), median weight 38 (11,66) kg, 26% were black; 18.3 had congenital heart disease (CHD) including 5.1% with single-ventricle (SV) HD. Forty-nine percent were supported with a VAD at listing, 72% at transplant and 13% received a VAD but was not supported at listing or transplant. Overall, 64% received LVADs, 31% BIVADs, 2.5% RVADs 1.7% total artificial hearts (TAH). Implants of the Berlin Heart fell dipped sharply to 34 in 2015 after a peak of 63 but have rebounded since in the era of bivalirudin. As of 2018, the Heartware HVAD was the most commonly implanted VAD in children (N=61) followed by the Berlin Heart (N=48), CentriMag/PediMag (N=18) and Heartmate III (N=11). The fastest growing segment of VAD patients are single-ventricle patients (Figure). Conclusion The total number of pediatric VADs continues to grow at a brisk pace. The most recent era has seen growth of the Heartmate III and resurgence of the Berlin Heart EXCOR, after a brief decline in 2015. Single-ventricle and Heartmate III patients represent the fastest growing segment of the VAD population.
Growth and Development

Normal and Abnormal Growth Gestational Age Assessment Weight and Length Head Circumference Face Teeth Body Composition Development of Organ Systems Development of Airways and Lungs Transition to Air Breathing Mechanics of Breathing Chest Wall and Respiratory Muscles Elastic Properties of the Lung Static Lung Volumes Total Lung Capacity Functional Residual Capacity Closing Capacity Airway Dynamics Resistance and Conductance Distribution of Resistance Inspiratory and Expiratory Flow Limitation Gas Exchange Regulation of Breathing Normal Respiratory Parameters Cardiovascular System Heart Rate Blood Pressure Cardiac Output Normal Electrocardiographic Findings from Infancy to Adolescence Renal System Hepatic System Physiologic Jaundice Gastrointestinal Tract Swallowing Gastroesophageal Refl ux Meconium Pancreas Hematopoietic System Coagulation in the Infant Neurologic Development Developmental Issues Growth and Development Robert M. Insoft and I. David Todres
The feasibility and validity of a wearable sensor system to assess the stability of high-functioning lower-limb prosthesis users.

Introduction Lower-limb prosthesis users (LLPUs) experience increased fall risk due to gait and balance impairments. Clinical outcome measures are useful for measuring balance impairment and fall risk screening but suffer from limited resolution and ceiling effects. Recent advances in wearable sensors that can measure different components of gait stability may address these limitations. This study assessed feasibility and construct validity of a wearable sensor system (APDM Mobility Lab) to measure postural control and gait stability. Materials and methods Lower-limb prosthesis users (n=22) and able-bodied controls (n=24) completed an Instrumented Stand-and-Walk Test (ISAW) while wearing the wearable sensors. Known-groups analysis (prosthesis versus controls) and convergence analysis (Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility [PLUS-M] and Activity-specific Balance Confidence [ABC] Scale) were performed on 20 stability-related measures. Results The system was applied without complications; however missing anticipatory postural adjustment data points for nine subjects affected the analysis. Of the 20 analyzed measures output by the sensors, only three significantly differed (p≤.05) between cohorts, and two demonstrated statistically significant correlations with the self-report measures. Conclusions The results of this study suggest the clinical feasibility but only partial construct validity of the wearable sensor system in conjunction with the ISAW test to measure LLPU stability and balance. The sample consisted of high-functioning LLPUs, so further research should evaluate a more representative sample with additional outcome measures and tasks.
DEEDS: A Next-Generation Scientific Data Sharing and Analyzing Platform for PV Applications

An ever-expanding photovoltaics (PV) community has been publishing enormous amounts of data regarding all aspects of PV technology. The data generated via these studies and reports range from experiments, simulation, and standard tests to policies and economics of PV. These data require organization, systematic storage, and analyses. Previous works have focused on research-specific data environments and repositories. However, a comprehensive discipline-neutral platform for preserving, sharing, and analyzing the data has not been built. Digital Environment for Enabling Data-Driven Science (DEEDS) provides a unique solution to this problem. DEEDS enables a user to create datasets (projects), cases, and tools; and store data which can be structured, compared, and numerically analyzed, all on a single holistic online platform. In this paper, we demonstrate the capabilities of DEEDS using an example research study called the Solar PV Diagnosis. DEEDS platform has the potential to be used by the entire PV community to preserve various PV projects, interpret their performance and reliability, and to facilitate worldwide collaboration.
Hypoventilation Associated with Scoliosis

Restrictive ventilatory impairment from scoliosis leads to hypoxemia and hypercapnia by various mechanisms. Patients typically have worsening gas exchange during sleep and may present with headache and daytime fatigue. Polysomnographic findings may show hypercapnia and hypoxemia, which are most pronounced in rapid eye movement sleep. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is an effective treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the rationale for NIPPV, indications for initiating treatment, and best strategies for NIPPV titration and follow-up. This chapter uses a representative case to discuss the history, epidemiology, polysomnographic findings, and treatment approach for hypoventilation associated with scoliosis.
Clinical Utility of Pharmacogenomic Data Collected by a Health-System Biobank to Predict and Prevent Adverse Drug Events.

Medication-related harm represents a significant issue for patient safety and quality of care. One strategy to avoid preventable adverse drug events is to utilize patient-specific factors such as pharmacogenomics (PGx) to individualize therapy. We measured the number of patients enrolled in a health-system biobank with actionable PGx results who received relevant medications and assessed the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs) that might have been prevented had the PGx results been used to inform prescribing. Patients with actionable PGx results in the following four genes with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines were identified: HLA-A*31:01, HLA-B*15:02, TPMT, and VKORC1. The patients who received interacting medications (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, thiopurines, or warfarin) were identified, and electronic health records were reviewed to determine the incidence of potentially preventable ADEs. Of 36,424 patients with PGx results, 2327 (6.4%) were HLA-A*31:01 positive; 3543 (9.7%) were HLA-B*15:02 positive; 2893 (7.9%) were TPMT intermediate metabolizers; and 4249 (11.7%) were homozygous for the VKORC1 c.1639 G>A variant. Among patients positive for one of the HLA variants who received carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine (n = 92), four (4.3%) experienced a rash that warranted drug discontinuation. Among the TPMT intermediate metabolizers who received a thiopurine (n = 56), 11 (19.6%) experienced severe myelosuppression that warranted drug discontinuation. Among patients homozygous for the VKORC1 c.1639 G>A variant who received warfarin (n = 379), 85 (22.4%) experienced active bleeding and/or international normalized ratio (INR) > 5 that warranted drug discontinuation or dose reduction. Patients with actionable PGx results from a health-system biobank who received relevant medications experienced predictable ADEs. These ADEs may have been prevented if the patients’ PGx results were available in the electronic health record with clinical decision support prior to prescribing.
Zn Acceptors in β-Ga2O3 Crystals

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify and characterize neutral zinc acceptors in Zn-doped β-Ga2O3 crystals. Two EPR spectra are observed at low temperatures, one from Zn ions at tetrahedral Ga(1) sites (the Z n Ga 1 0 acceptor) and one from Zn ions at octahedral Ga(2) sites (the Z n Ga 2 0 acceptor). These Zn acceptors are small polarons, with the unpaired spin localized in each case on a threefold coordinated oxygen O(I) ion adjacent to the Zn ion. Resolved hyperfine interactions with neighboring 69Ga and 71Ga nuclei allow the EPR spectra from the two acceptors to be easily distinguished: Z n Ga 1 0 acceptors interact equally with two Ga(2) ions and Z n Ga 2 0 acceptors interact unequally with a Ga(1) ion and a Ga(2) ion. The as-grown crystals are compensated, with the Zn ions initially present as singly ionized acceptors ( Z n Ga 1 − and Z n Ga 2 −). Exposing a crystal to 325 nm laser light, while being held at 140 K, primarily produces neutral Z n Ga 2 0 acceptors when photoinduced holes are trapped at Z n Ga 2 − acceptors. This suggests that there may be significantly more Zn ions at Ga(2) sites than at Ga(1) sites. Warming the crystal briefly to room temperature, after removing the light, destroys the EPR spectrum from the shallower Z n Ga 2 0 acceptors and produces the EPR spectrum from the more stable Z n Ga 1 0 acceptors. The Z n Ga 2 0 acceptors decay in the 240–260 K region with a thermal activation energy near 0.65 eV, similar to Mg Ga 2 0 acceptors, whereas the slightly deeper Z n Ga 1 0 acceptors decay close to room temperature with an approximate thermal activation energy of 0.78 eV.