cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postincident Interpersonal Difficulty Among Adolescent Victims of Violent Crime.

Adolescents are exposed to high levels of violence in the United States. Exposure to violence at this point in the life course can have both short- and long-term consequences for young victims that include socioemotional distress and depression, substance abuse, and delinquency. Prior research indicates that positive, productive, and supportive reactions on the parts of those close to targets of violence attenuate feelings of distress and social anomie that many victims report. However, less attention has been devoted to the attributes of criminal violence that may stress the postincident interpersonal relationships of victims and their family members, friends, or peers. The disquieting effects of violence and bodily injury may influence how victims characterize their social connections in the wake of violent crime. This study uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (N = 1,652) to assess whether characteristics of violent acts and victims predict reports of postincident interpersonal diffic...
Direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: treatment outcomes and dosing in special populations

Background:To review data from the pivotal phase III trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvul...
Effects of hindlimb suspension and reloading on gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass and function in geriatric mice.

Abstract Reloading of atrophied muscles after hindlimb suspension (HLS) can induce muscle injury and prolong recovery after disuse in old rats, especially in fast contracting muscles. Less is known about the responses in mice and whether fast and slow muscles from geriatric mice will respond in a similar fashion to HLS unloading and recovery (HLS + R). Furthermore, while slow muscles undergo atrophy with disuse, they typically are more resistant to sarcopenia than fast contracting muscles. Geriatric (28 mo. of age) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly placed into 3 groups. These included HLS for 14 days n = 9, and HLS followed by 14 days of reloading recovery (HLS + R; n = 9), or normal ambulatory cage controls (n = 9). Control mice were not exposed to unloading. Electrically evoked maximal muscle function was assessed in vivo in anesthetized mice at baseline, after 14 days of HLS or HLS + R. As expected, HLS significantly reduced body weight, wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and in vivo maximal force. There were no differences in vivo fatigability of the plantar flexor muscles and overall fiber size. There were only minor fiber type distribution and frequency distribution of fiber sizes that differ between HLS + R and control gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Soleus muscle wet weight had recovered to control levels after reloading, but type I/IIA fibers in the soleus muscles were significantly smaller after HLS + R than control muscles. In contrast, gastrocnemius muscle wet weight did not recover to control levels after reloading. Plantar flexion muscle force (primarily influenced by the gastrocnemius muscles) did not recover in HLS + R conditions as compared to HLS conditions and both were lower than control force production signaling for apoptosis, autophagy and anabolic markers were not different between control and HLS + R gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in geriatric mice. These results suggest that molecular signaling does not explain attenuated ability to regain muscle wet weight, fiber size or muscle force production after HLS in geriatric mice. It is possible that fluid shifts, reduced blood flow, or shortened muscle fibers which failed to regain control lengths contributed to the attenuation of muscle wet weight after HLS and reloading and this affected force production. Further work is needed to determine if altered/loss of neural activity contributed to the inability of geriatric mice to regain gastrocnemius muscle weight and function after HLS and reloading.
(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate drives immune quiescence in the tumor microenvironment of IDH-mutant gliomas

Diffuse low-grade and anaplastic gliomas (grades II and III, respectively) are infiltrative primary brain tumors that are considered malignant because of their invasiveness, resistance to therapy, and likelihood of transforming to higher grades. Median survival varies from 3 to 15 years as a proportion relentlessly progress, while others may remain stable for years (1).
Satellite vibration-rotation motions studied via canonical transformations

Coupled vibration-rotation motion of a satellite is considered using a perturbation theory based on the Lie transformation method. Short-period oscillating terms are removed from the Hamiltonian function. The transformed damping forces directly affect rotational variables which were not directly influenced in the original variables. Motions and stability are more easily studied in the new variables. A dual-spin spacecraft model is used as an example; results for the usual nonresonant case are identical with the energy-sink method. Resonance cases produce a wealth of new dynamical phenomena. This canonical method extends and unifies various approximation methods in attitude dynamics.
A Spectral Identification Technique for Adaptive Attitude Control and Pointing of the Space Telescope

The Space Telescope is a 2.4 m class aperture optical telescope having near-diffraction-limited performance. It will be placed into earth orbit by 1980 via the Space Shuttle. The problem considered is how to achieve negligible degradation of the astronomy imaging capability (to 0.005 arc second) due to smearing by pointing motions during observations. Initially, pointing instability sources were identified and a linear stability was used to assess the magnitude of elastic body modes and to design control system compensation regions necessary for subsequent adaptive control. A spectral identification technique for this adaptive attitude control and pointing has been investigated that will alleviate requirements for comprehensive dynamic ground testing. Typical all-digital simulation results describing motions of the telescope line of sight are presented.
Remarks on the three and two and a half dimensional Hall-magnetohydrodynamics system: deterministic and stochastic cases

The Hall-magnetohydrodynamics system has a long history of various applications in physics and engineering, in particular magnetic reconnection, star formation and the study of the sun. Mathematically, the additional Hall term elevates the level of non-linearity to the quasi-linear type while similar systems of equations such as the Navier–Stokes equations, as well as the viscous and magnetically diffusive magnetohydrodynamics system are of the semi-linear type. Consequently, the mathematical analysis on the Hall-magnetohydrodynamics system had been relatively absent for more than half a century, and only started seeing rapid developments in the last few years. In this manuscript, we survey recent progress on the mathematical analysis of the Hall-magnetohydrodynamics system, both in the deterministic and stochastic cases, elaborating on the structure of the Hall term. We list some remaining open problems, and discuss their difficulty. As a byproduct of our discussion, it is deduced that the two and a half dimensional Hall-magnetohydrodynamics system with viscous diffusion in the form of a Laplacian and the magnetic diffusion in the form of a fractional Laplacian with power $$\frac{3}{2}$$ admits a unique smooth solution for all time.
The Future of Undergraduate Education: Will Differences across Sectors Exacerbate Inequality?

This essay looks at how different sectors of U.S. higher education are funded, the students they serve, and the outcomes they deliver for those students. It raises serious policy questions about wh...
A Systematic Review of Systemic Treatment Options for Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction There have been a number of recent advances in the management of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the majority of these studies excluded patients with non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC), and optimal management of nccRCC remains unknown. Materials and methods A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate systemic treatment options in locally advanced or metastatic nccRCC between 2000-2019. Randomized controlled trials, single-arm phase II-IV trials, and prospective analyses of medication access programs were included. The primary outcome measures were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR). Results A total of 31 studies were included in the final analysis. There was the highest level of evidence to support first-line treatment of nccRCC with sunitinib. Additional single-arm trials support the use of other vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors with axitinib and pazopanib, as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with temsirolimus or everolimus +/- bevacizumab. Immune checkpoint inhibition has an emerging role in nccRCC, but optimal sequencing of available options is not clear. Prospective data to support the use of newer immunotherapy combinations are lacking. Treatment for collecting duct carcinoma remains platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusions The availability of randomized trials in nccRCC is limited, and most studies include outcomes for nccRCC as a group, making conclusions about efficacy by subtype difficult. This systematic review supports consensus guidelines recommending sunitinib or clinical trial enrollment as preferred first-line treatment options for nccRCC, but also suggests a more nuanced approach to management and new options for therapy such as immune checkpoint inhibition.
Not rational, but not brutely causal either: A reply to Fodor on concept acquisition

Jerry Fodor has argued that concept acquisition cannot be a psychological or "rational-causal" process, but can only be a "brute-causal" process of acquisition. This position generates the "doorknob --> DOORKNOB" problem: why are concepts typically acquired on the basis of experience with items in their extensions? I argue that Fodor's taxonomy of causal processes needs supplementation, and characterize a third type: what I call "intelligible-causal processes." Armed with this new category I present what I regard as a better response than Fodor's to the doorknob --> DOORKNOB problem.
Electrographic seizures and ictal-interictal continuum (IIC) patterns in critically ill patients

Critical care long-term continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) monitoring has expanded dramatically in the last several decades spurned by technological advances in EEG digitalization and several key clinical findings: 1-Seizures are relatively common in the critically ill-large recent observational studies suggest that around 20% of critically ill patients placed on cEEG have seizures. 2-The majority (~75%) of patients who have seizures have exclusively "electrographic seizures", that is, they have no overt ictal clinical signs. Along with the discovery of the unexpectedly high incidence of seizures was the high prevalence of EEG patterns that share some common features with archetypical electrographic seizures but are not uniformly considered to be "ictal". These EEG patterns include lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) and generalized periodic discharges (GPDs)-patterns that at times exhibit ictal-like behavior and at other times behave more like an interictal finding. Dr. Hirsch and colleagues proposed a conceptual framework to describe this spectrum of patterns called the ictal-interictal continuum (IIC). In the following years, investigators began to answer some of the key pragmatic clinical concerns such as which patients are at risk of seizures and what is the optimal duration of cEEG use. At the same time, investigators have begun probing the core questions for critical care EEG-what is the underlying pathophysiology of these patterns, at what point do these patterns cause secondary brain injury, what are the optimal treatment strategies, and how do these patterns affect clinical outcomes such as neurological disability and the development of epilepsy. In this review, we cover recent advancements in both practical concerns regarding cEEG use, current treatment strategies, and review the evidence associating IIC/seizures with poor clinical outcomes.
Single-Particle Tracking of Nonsticky and Sticky Nanoparticles in Polymer Melts

We use single-particle tracking (SPT) to explore the role of nanoparticles/polymer interactions and polymer molecular weight on nanoparticle (NP) diffusion in unentangled polymer melts. The very di...
White matter integrity, duration of untreated psychosis, and antipsychotic treatment response in medication-naïve first-episode psychosis patients.

It is becoming increasingly clear that longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with psychosis spectrum disorders. Because this association is often cited when justifying early intervention efforts, it is imperative to better understand underlying biological mechanisms. We enrolled 66 antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 45 matched healthy controls in this trial. At baseline, we used a human connectome style diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence to quantify white matter integrity in both groups. Patients then received 16 weeks of treatment with risperidone, 51 FEP completed the trial. We compared whole-brain fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity between groups. To test if structural white matter integrity mediates the relationship between longer DUP and poorer treatment response, we fit a mediator model and estimated indirect effects. We found decreased whole-brain FA and AD in medication-naive FEP compared with controls. In patients, lower FA was correlated with longer DUP (r = −0.32; p = 0.03) and poorer subsequent response to antipsychotic treatment (r = 0.40; p = 0.01). Importantly, we found a significant mediation effect for FA (indirect effect: −2.70; p = 0.03), indicating that DUP exerts its effects on treatment response through affecting white matter integrity. Our data provide empirical support to the idea the DUP may have fundamental pathogenic effects on the natural history of psychosis, suggest a biological mechanism underlying this phenomenon, and underscore the importance of early intervention efforts in this disabling neuropsychiatric syndrome.
Missing Persons and Runaway Youth: The Role of Social Media as an Alert System and Crime Control Tool

Missing persons cases have a unique relationship with the media, where increased exposure is said to be a key factor in the recovery of victims and closure of cases. In an attempt to increase exposure for certain types of missing persons cases, news media outlets share case content and alert systems were created; however, the current systems in place have notable limitations. In an attempt to adapt to the proliferation of social media in the lives of everyday Americans, law enforcement agencies have begun to rely on social media as a crime control tool and as a means to raise awareness of missing persons cases. This chapter serves as an overview of the current academic standing of social media as a mechanism of crime control, with a specific focus on how law enforcement can optimize their use of social media in the form of a missing persons outreach tool.
ExBoX: a simple Boolean exclusion strategy to drive expression in neurons

Abstract The advent of modern single-cell biology has revealed the striking molecular diversity of cell populations once thought to be more homogeneous. This newly appreciated complexity has made intersectional genetic approaches essential to understanding and probing cellular heterogeneity at the functional level. Here we build on previous knowledge to develop a simple AAV-based approach to define specific subpopulations of cells by Boolean exclusion logic (AND NOT). This Expression by Boolean Exclusion (ExBoX) system encodes for a gene of interest which is turned ON by a particular recombinase (Cre or FlpO) and turned OFF by another. ExBoX allows for the specific transcription of a gene of interest in cells expressing only the activating recombinase, but not in cells expressing both. We show the ability of the ExBoX system to tightly regulate expression of fluorescent reporters both in vitro and in vivo, and further demonstrate the powerful adaptability of the system by achieving expression of a variety of virally-delivered coding sequences in the mouse brain. This simple strategy will expand the molecular toolkit available for cell- and time-specific gene expression in a variety of organisms and systems.
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure

Abstract Background Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. More eviden...
Peer-Mediated Instruction and Academic Outcomes for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Comparison of Quality Indicators

Schools need cost and resource-efficient strategies to improve the academic performance of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). High-quality research demonstrates peer-mediated interventio...
“Yankee, Why Does a Big Man like You Fear My Baby?”: The Politics of the Anti-Japanese Movement, 1908-1924

This article rethinks the making of the Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1908 arguing that the agreement between the U.S. and Japan was not singularly a mechanism of exclusion but one that had the power to...
Evaluation of educational value of YouTube videos addressing robotic pyeloplasty in children.

Summary Background/introduction Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most frequent obstructive uropathy of the upper urinary tract in children. Video-sharing platforms have become a significant source of visual information for health care providers. Among these platforms, YouTube® ( www.youtube.com ), contains a high number of videos free of charge and represents one of the most important and known websites of video-sharing. YouTube® is a widely used open-access video sharing website that allows us to watch an unlimited number of video content, and to upload an infinitive number of videos. Objective This study aims to evaluate the educational quality of videos related to robotic pyeloplasty in pediatric age because an increasing number of videos addressing these procedures is now available on YouTube®. Study design We performed a search on YouTube® by using the following keyword: “robotic pyeloplasty in children” on July 9, 2020. The first 50 videos were analyzed. The videos were classified according to the source in 1) academic (author/s was/were affiliated with a university), 2) physician (author/s who was/were not affiliated with a university), 3) patient, 4) commercial. All the videos were evaluated also according to the content in 1) surgical technique, 2) information about the surgery and disease 3) patient personal experience 4) advertisement. Duplicated videos and videos not in English were excluded. The search for videos was done based on the website's default settings in order of the proposed relevance. The reliability was evaluated using DISCREN and JAMA scores. The Global Quality Score (GWS) was used to assess the educational value. Time since upload, run time, like, dislike and number of views were recorded. Results The first 50 videos were analyzed. Seven videos (14%) did not meet our criteria and were excluded (three videos were duplicated while 4 out of seven were not in English). The mean DISCERN was 32.47 ± 12.24 (range 15–78). The mean JAMA Score was 2.1 ± 0.9 (range 0–4). Mean GQS was 2,12 ± 0.9. DISCERN and JAMAS and GQS scores of academic/physician sourced videos were significantly higher than the patient sourced videos (p = 0.037, p = 0.023, p = 0.017 respectively). Regarding content, the surgical technique had significantly higher DISCERN, JAMAS and GQS scores than videos based on patient experience (p = 0.012, p: 0.021, p = 0.023 respectively). Conclusions Videos uploaded by Physicians and Academic Institutions show higher DISCERN and JAMAS and GQS compared to other sourced videos and should be considered more suitable for teaching respect to those originating from patients or non-physicians. Summary Table . Source N° % Content N° % Physician 22 52 Surgical technique 30 70 Academic 12 28 Information disease/surgery 6 14 Patients 5 12 Personal experience 4 9 Commercial 4 8 Advertisement 3 7
Sequential sparse Bayesian learning for time-varying direction of arrival

This paper presents methods for the estimation of the time-varying directions of arrival (DOAs) of signals emitted by moving sources. Following the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework, prior information of unknown source amplitudes is modeled as a multi-variate Gaussian distribution with zero-mean and time-varying variance parameters. For sequential estimation of the unknown variance, we present two sequential SBL-based methods that propagate statistical information across time to improve DOA estimation performance. The first method heuristically calculates the parameters of an inverse-gamma hyperprior based on the source signal estimate from the previous time step. In addition, a second sequential SBL method is proposed, which performs a prediction step to calculate the prior distribution of the current variance parameter from the variance parameter estimated at the previous time step. The SBL-based sequential processing provides high-resolution DOA tracking capabilities. Performance improvements are demonstrated by using simulated data as well as real data from the SWellEx-96 experiment.
Multicomponent multiscatter capture of dark matter

In recent years, the usefulness of astrophysical objects as dark matter (DM) probes has become more and more evident, especially in view of null results from direct-detection and particle-production experiments. The potentially observable signatures of DM gravitationally trapped inside a star, or another compact astrophysical object, have been used to forecast stringent constraints on the nucleon--dark matter interaction cross section. Currently, the probes of interest are at high redshifts, Population III (Pop III) stars that form in isolation or in small numbers, in very dense DM minihalos at $z\ensuremath{\sim}15--40$, and, in our own Milky Way, neutron stars, white dwarfs, brown dwarfs, exoplanets, etc. None of these objects are truly single component and, as such, capture rates calculated with the common assumption made in the literature of single-component capture, i.e., capture of DM by multiple scatterings with one single type of nucleus inside the object, are not accurate. In this paper, we present an extension of this formalism to multicomponent objects and apply it to Pop III stars, thereby investigating the role of He in the capture rates of Pop III stars. As expected, we find that the inclusion of the heavier He nuclei leads to an enhancement of the overall capture rates, further improving the potential of Pop III stars as dark matter probes.
Clustering of Adverse Events of Post-Market Approved Drugs

Adverse side effects of a drug may vary over space and time due to different populations, environments, and drug quality. Discovering all side effects during the development process is impossible. Once a drug is approved, observed adverse effects are reported by doctors and patients and made available in the Adverse Event Reporting System provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration . Mining such records of reported adverse effects, this study proposes a spatial clustering approach to identify regions that exhibit similar adverse effects. We apply a topic modeling approach on textual representations of reported adverse effects using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. By describing a spatial region as a mixture of the resulting latent topics, we find clusters of regions that exhibit similar (topics of) adverse events for the same drug using Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering. We investigate the resulting clusters for spatial autocorrelation to test the hypothesis that certain (topics of) adverse effects may occur only in certain spatial regions using Moran’s I measure of spatial autocorrelation. Our experimental evaluation exemplary applies our proposed framework to a number of blood-thinning drugs, showing that some drugs exhibit more coherent textual topics among their reported adverse effects than other drugs, but showing no significant spatial autocorrelation of these topics. Our approach can be applied to other drugs or vaccines to study if spatially localized adverse effects may justify further investigation.
Block Structured In-Vehicle Information Network System

The authors present a block structured in-vehicle information network system which is equipped with an intelligent network manager. It features: 1) increased freedom for device selection; 2) easy attachment and detachment of new devices; 3) standardization beyond the car line and grade variations; 4) high performance human interface devices; and, 5) high speed data transmission. The paper describes the block struck network system in terms of its outline, system noise flexibility, grade variation, and human interface.
On the Structure of Groups

So far, we have said very little about what a “group” of objects is. And, to a large extent, it hardly matters exactly what groups are like; we have come a long way making just minimal assumptions. Specifically, our assumptions so far (stated in Section 7.1) are just that a model for the interpretation of English must contain a set I of individuals and a set G of groups, and that for any subset X of I of cardinality 2 or greater, there is a group +X in G. (In the case of singletons, +{x} was defined as equal to x, hence not a group; + O was undefined.)
On the Origins, Methods, and Legacy of Ludwig Boltzmann’s Mechanics

SUCCEEDING HIMSELF IN 1902 to the Chair of Theoretical Physics at the University of Vienna, Ludwig Boltzmann emphasized in his Inaugural Address that “mechanics is the foundation on which the whole edifice of theoretical physics is built, the root from which all other branches of science spring” (1902). The goal of a mechanical interpretation of nature, that is, a mechanical world-picture,1 had been a central theme throughout Boltzmann’s researches in statistical mechanics2 and electromagnetism. But, owing to recent developments in electromagnetic theory, Boltzmann had begun to qualify this hope somewhat. For diametrically opposite to the mechanical world-picture was the program that Wilhelm Wien had referred to in 1900 as the electromagnetic world-picture, whose goal was to deduce mechanics from electromagnetism.3 In 1904 Boltzmann’s desire for unification of the sciences led him to endorse that program.
Is Change Possible or What Changes Are Already Underway

This chapter examines how various cultures and subcultures have adopted elements of virtuous behavior, how these behaviors can become normative, and how this is relevant to business ethics and business culture.
Propagation of dilatation and shear waves through a dynamic checkerboard material geometry in 1D space + time

We study the propagation of dilatational and shear waves through an isotropic elastic material having the dilatation and shear moduli variable in space and time. Two isotropic materials alternate occupying rectangular cells in 1D space + time producing a double periodic checkerboard material assembly. The materials are assumed to differ in their wave velocities (dilatational and shear) and to have pairwise equal values of wave impedances for each type of wave. We show, however, that, for both types of waves traveling normally to spatial interfaces between the materials, the average velocity of propagation is the same for certain ranges of material and structural parameters. Also, the energy is accumulated in those waves, and such accumulation occurs in very narrow pulses. This is unlike the wave propagation in a uniform static material, where both types of waves propagate at different speeds. The coincidence of average speeds of propagation appears to be due to the checkerboard material geometry. It creates the “plateau effect” within the ranges of material and structural parameters mentioned above [3, 4, 6]. These ranges do not include the purely uniform material. In elastodynamics, the concept of dynamic materials has been previously studied in references [2, 7].
Quantum Transport in AlGaSb/InAs TFETs With Gate Field In-Line With Tunneling Direction

Quantum transport simulations are performed in tunneling FETs (TFETs) with the gate electric field in-line with the tunneling junction direction (in-line TFETs). Charge self-consistency and thermalization effects are included in a semiclassical Poisson solution to compute the electrostatic potential. The obtained potential is then used for current calculation with the ballistic nonequilibrium Green’s function method (NEGF) in the tight binding basis. It is shown that the NEGF method predicts a higher subthreshold swing than the often-used dynamic nonlocal (DNL) path band-to-band method. The NEGF method accounts for the direct source–drain tunneling, which is underestimated in the DNL path approach in the studied geometries. Undercut is shown to be essential to obtain switching slope below 60 mV/decade in the in-line TFETs.
Manufacturing development of low activation vanadium alloys

General Atomics is developing manufacturing methods for vanadium alloys as part of a program to encourage the development of low activation alloys for fusion use. The culmination of the program is the fabrication and installation of a vanadium alloy structure in the DIII-D tokamak as part of the Radiative Divertor modification. Water-cooled vanadium alloy components will comprise a portion of the new upper divertor structure. The first step, procuring the material for this program has been completed. The largest heat of vanadium alloy made to date, 1200 kg of V-4Cr-4Ti, has been produced and is being converted into various product forms. Results of many tests on the material during the manufacturing process are reported. Research into potential fabrication methods has been and continues to be performed along with the assessment of manufacturing processes particularly in the area of joining. Joining of vanadium alloys has been identified as the most critical fabrication issue for their use in the Radiative Divertor Program. Joining processes under evaluation include resistance seam, electrodischarge (stud), friction and electron beam welding. Results of welding tests are reported. Metallography and mechanical tests are used to evaluate the weld samples. The need for a protective atmosphere during different weldingmore » processes is also being determined. General Atomics has also designed, manufactured, and will be testing a helium-cooled, high heat flux component to assess the use of helium cooled vanadium alloy components for advanced tokamak systems. The component is made from vanadium alloy tubing, machined to enhance the heat transfer characteristics, and joined to end flanges to allow connection to the helium supply. Results are reported.« less
The Bonds of Learning: Dialogue and the Question of Human Solidarity

While today’s society is moving toward greater global interconnectedness, local communities are becoming more culturally diverse. These changes demand that we unite as a global community responsible for the stewardship of the earth and its diverse peoples. Our inability to imagine ourselves as part of such a community is reflected in the intractability of problems, including the dramatically disproportionate distribution of wealth and a dangerously depleted environment, as well as the rise in torture, terrorism, genocide, war, and religious sectarian violence. The urgent need for humanity to realize its interconnectedness and address global concerns is felt specifically in education, because as the next generation of adults, our children will be burdened with both the responsibility for resolving global concerns and the devastating consequences of our not doing so.
Why use datalog to analyze programs

We use Datalog because (1) we can write program analyses easier and (2) the analyses in Datalog run faster! As we turn to automatic program analysis to improve software reliability and security, we find it necessary to perform more complex program analyses. Specifically, if we wish to reason about heap objects, we must perform an interprocedural pointer alias analysis that distinguishes between calling contexts. This is challenging because a typical large program can have over 1014 calling contexts, even if we collapse all recursive cycles.
TRIMM: A Parallel Processor for Image Reconstruction by Simulated Annealing

A parallel processor using 60 transputers plus a global processor with broad-cast addressing and hardware random number generation has been designed and constructed. Initial performance tests demonstrate a calculation speed for image reconstruction greater than that of a Convex C240.
Evolution of circularly polarized composite right/left-handed leaky-wave antenna

Circularly polarized (CP) composite right/left-handed (CRLH) leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) can be useful in wireless systems demanding frequency beam scanning under continuous motion. This topic has been explored recently. We have witnessed continuous development in this field. In this paper, three CP CRLH LWAs are introduced and explained. With this review, we can observe the development process and the future of CP CRLH LWAs.
The effect of a therapeutic horsemanship program on emotionally disturbed boys

The relationships between humans and animals have been associated with various therapeutic implications. While there is no agreed upon name, the term “pet facilitated therapy” has become widely accepted. Pet facilitated therapy has been particularly adopted to describe the relationship between...
Conditional Expectation, Conditional Independence, Introduction to Martingales

From a theoretical vantage point, conditioning is a useful means of exploiting auxiliary information. From a practical vantage point, conditional probabilities reflect the change in unconditional probabilities due to additional knowledge.
The Eigenstructure of Complex Symmetric Operators

We discuss several algebraic and analytic aspects of the eigenstructure (si.e., eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and generalized eigenvectors) of complex symmetric operators. In particular, we examine the relationship between the bilinear form [x,y] = induced by a conjugation C on a complex Hilbert space H and the eigenstructure of a bounded linear operator T: H → H which is C-symmetric (T = CT*C).
Commercial Contract Law: The Duty to Draft Reasonably and Online Contracts

Mass consumer online agreements lack many of the features of traditional contracts. Their unique characteristics compound the problems that are generally raised by contracts of adhesion. Online agreements are usually presented to the consumer in a way that obscures their legally binding nature. This chapter argues that courts should recognize the differences between online and offline contracts by considering a contract’s form and manner of presentation in adjudicating contract disputes. The design of a contract shapes, expresses and reveals the parties’ intent. “Clickwrap” and “browsewrap” agreements have the power to affect consumer behaviour, not through their terms (which most consumers do not read), but through their presentation and design. The chapter argues that courts should recognize contracting realities, such as consumer behaviour and contract design, in applying the standard of reasonableness in contract disputes.
Tetanus Toxin and Antigenic Derivatives II. Effect of Protein and Formaldehyde Concentration on Toxoid Formation

Abstract Tetanus toxoid formation was examined under varying conditions. Products of the reaction depended upon the concentration of both formaldehyde and toxin. High concentrations of protein and formaldehyde favored the formation of large polymers, whereas low concentrations yielded smaller polymers and monomer. The monomer had an observed S value of 7.1, whereas the polymers ranged from 10.1S to 110S. The cross-linking between toxin molecules to form toxoid polymers appeared to be random.
Factors that are Critical for Plasticity in the Visual Cortex

Factors that may be critical for plasticity in the visual cortex are evaluated according to three criteria. (1) Do antagonists to the factor abolish plasticity? (2) Does the concentration or activity of the factor peak with the critical period for plasticity? (3) Does rearing in the dark, which postpones the critical period, affect the factor in a similar fashion? N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors fulfil all three criteria. Metabotropic glutamate receptors fulfil two of them. Most other putative factors do not fulfil more than one.
Spacecraft power management software for the new millennium

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) New Millennium Program (NMP) is a proving ground for 21st Century spacecraft technologies. Chief among these technologies is the field of spacecraft automation. The NMP Deep Space One (DS1) mission will have the most sophisticated autonomous software ever flown on robotic spacecraft. An important element of this software is the power management system. Since power is a system resource, this software spans many mission and spacecraft systems. It must predict future spacecraft power generation, plan activities within expected power resources, query on-board navigation and attitude control systems for position and attitude information (which impact solar power generation), monitor and analyze power system state and health, and diagnose and respond to power system failures and emergencies. This paper describes the DS1 power management system and its role in the DS1 autonomy software.
Nurse Competence: A Concept Analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to explore the concept of nurse competence. DATA SOURCES: Data sources include EBSCOhost, Gale PowerSearch, ProQuest, PubMed Medline, Google Scholar, and Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. DATA SYNTHESIS: This paper utilizes Rodgers' evolutionary method to analyze the concept of nurse competence. CONCLUSION: Antecedents to nurse competence include personal and external motivations. Attributes include integrating knowledge into practice, experience, critical thinking, proficient skills, caring, communication, environment, motivation, and professionalism. Consequences include confidence, safe practice, and holistic care. Implications for nursing responsibility regarding defining nurse competence and ensuring nurse competence need to be identified. More research is needed to determine the best evaluation methods for the different facets of nurse competence.
Patient Navigation of the Pediatric Bone Tumor Patient Across the Continuum of Care

As patients and their families are facing a pediatric cancer diagnosis, they will be asked to navigate a complex healthcare system while coordinating their multiple treatment plans their child will face. The oncology nurse navigator (ONN) plays a vital role in caring for and navigating the bone tumor patient and their family from the very onset of diagnosis through the continuum of care. The Oncology Nurse Navigator serves as a single point of contact for patients and families, providing education regarding their disease process, treatment and side effects management and helping them become experts in their cancer care from diagnosis to survivorship. The ONN creates multidisciplinary team coordination and communication, facilitating and acting as a liaison with the healthcare team on behalf of the patient and family.
Becoming Homosexual: A Model of Gay Identity Acquisition

How do male homosexuals who choose homosexuality as a way of life recall having acquired their gay identities? This question provided the impetus for the descriptive study presented here. Rather than concerning itself with the etiology of homosexuality, this report-- a synthesis of and elaboration on recent investigations of homosexual and/or gay identity--concerns itself with documenting the ways in which a man learns that he is homosexual, how he realizes or decides that he is gay, and how he integrates this affectional and sexual preference into his identity or self-conception.
Reconfigurable platform for digital convergence terminals

It is apparent that future IT terminals including handsets will be multi-mode convergence devices. Therefore it becomes more and more important to be able to devise a low-power platform which is flexible enough to implement multiple different basebands on top of it. Moreover, real time reconfigurability is crucial considering the fact that technologies keep evolving and over the air software/firmware upgrade is being required. In this paper, a new type of reconfigurable platform will be discussed and we see how it help end user device manufacturer deliver better multi-mode terminals with better maintenance scheme.
Nutlin-3a: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity for TP53 Wild-Type Ovarian Carcinomas

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a diverse molecular and clinical disease, yet standard treatment is the same for all subtypes. TP53 mutations represent a node of divergence in epithelial ovarian cancer histologic subtypes and may represent a therapeutic opportunity in subtypes expressing wild type, including most low-grade ovarian serous carcinomas, ovarian clear cell carcinomas and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas, which represent approximately 25% of all epithelial ovarian cancer. We therefore sought to investigate Nutlin-3a—a therapeutic which inhibits MDM2, activates wild-type p53, and induces apoptosis—as a therapeutic compound for TP53 wild-type ovarian carcinomas. Fifteen epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines of varying histologic subtypes were treated with Nutlin-3a with determination of IC50 values. Western Blot (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses quantified MDM2, p53, and p21 expression after Nutlin-3a treatment. DNA from 15 cell lines was then sequenced for TP53 mutations in exons 2-11 including intron-exon boundaries. Responses to Nutlin-3a were dependent upon TP53 mutation status. By qRT-PCR and WB, levels of MDM2 and p21 were upregulated in wild-type TP53 sensitive cell lines, and p21 induction was reduced or absent in mutant cell lines. Annexin V assays demonstrated apoptosis in sensitive cell lines treated with Nutlin-3a. Thus, Nutlin-3a could be a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian carcinomas expressing wild-type TP53 and warrants further investigation.
Molecular dynamics and interactions of aqueous and dichloromethane solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone.

We have investigated the dynamics of polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions (PVP, Mw=10000) on time scales from 20fsto42ps using femtosecond optically heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy. To compare the dynamics of polymer solutions with those of the analogous monomer, we also characterized solutions of 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (EP). Dynamics of both PVP and EP solutions have been characterized for sample concentrations of 6.4, 12.7, 24.5, 33.3, and 40.7wt%. The longest time scale relaxations observed in the Kerr transients for these solutions occur on the picosecond time scale and are best fit to triexponential functions. The intermediate and slow relaxation time constants for PVP and EP solutions are concentration dependent. The time constants for the PVP solutions are not consistent with the predictions of hydrodynamic models, while the analogous time constants for the EP solutions do display hydrodynamic scaling. The predominant relaxation of the polymer is assigned to reorientations of the pyrrolidone side group or torsional motions of the constitutional repeat unit, with additional relaxation pathways including hydrogen bond reorganization in aqueous solution and segmental motion of multiple repeat units. The vibrational dynamics of PVP and EP solutions occur on the femtosecond time scale. These dynamics are analyzed with a focus on the additional degrees of freedom experienced by EP relative to PVP that result from the absence of the tether from the pyrrolidone group on the main chain backbone. The intermolecular Kerr spectra of PVP in H2O and CH2Cl2 differ because H2O can donate a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl acceptor group on the pyrrolidone ring, while CH2Cl2 cannot.
Serving members and reaching others: The performance and social networks of a landowner cooperative

Abstract Local forest landowner associations and broader peer-to-peer learning efforts have received attention–particularly in the United States of America–as ways to increase landowner engagement in forest planning and management. Unlike traditional technical assistance and outreach, knowledge is primarily shared among landowners as opposed to being derived from natural resource professionals. While potentially promising, few studies have investigated these approaches. Through a study of a landowner cooperative in Wisconsin, I report on a finding that considers both the effectiveness of a landowner cooperative in the Upper Midwest (USA) and the social network members rely on in decision-making. The former relies on an importance–performance analysis (IPA) of the services provided by the cooperative and the latter on an egocentric network analysis of members with an emphasis on strong and weak ties. Data were collected via a mail survey to which 146 members (81%) responded. The IPA indicates that the cooperative is providing services with which members are largely satisfied. The network analysis suggests that members, through strong ties, discuss their land with on average three others—primarily natural resource professionals (including cooperative staff), as opposed to other members, neighbors, and kin. However, by virtue of membership, they share weak ties with other members whom they see as trustworthy. The extent to which a network perspective might be applied to similar situations is discussed, as are conceptual implications and future directions. The main conclusion is that the emergence of local landowner associations and peer-to-peer learning requires research methods that better capture the social nature of these new directions.
The enthalpy of mixing aqueous solutions of CdCl2, CuCl2, MnCl2, and ZnCl2 with HCl at varying ionic strength at 25°C

The densities of mixtures of aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid with solutions of cadmium chloride, copper chloride, manganese chloride, and zinc chloride have been measured at constant ionic strengths of 1.0 and 3.0 mol-kg−1 at 25°C. The density data were used to determine the volumes of mixing (ΔV m ). The volume of mixing equations of Pitzer were then fit to the resulting ΔV m data to obtain the Pitzer parameters θ V MN and ψ V MNX , which are the pressure derivatives of the free energy equation parameters.
Hedgehog inhibition as monotherapy in myelofibrosis: Is there any role?

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a BCR–ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and a pronounced symptom burden, attributed to cytopenia...