cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Significance of saguaro cactus alkaloids in ecology ofDrosophila mettleri, a soil-breeding, cactophilic drosophilid.

Drosophila mettleri is a soil-breeding, cactophilic drosophilid which lives in the Sonoran Desert. Several chemical constituents of cacti in this region have been identified as having major roles in insect-host plant relationships involvingDrosophila. For example, isoquinoline alkaloids, which are present in senita cactus, have been shown to be toxic to seven of the nine species tested. The two tolerant species areD. pachea, the normal resident, andD. mettleri. Necroses of senita cacti are often used as feeding substrates byD. mettleri adults, but this species has never been reared from senita rots. Soil, which have been soaked by juice from saguaro and cardon rots, are the typical breeding substrates of this species. The tissues of both of these cacti also contain alkaloids, chemically related to those in senita, but at much lower concentrations. Alkaloid concentration in saguaro-soaked soil was found to be 1.4–27 times the average concentration in fresh tissue. Alkaloids were extracted from saguaro tissue and used in tests of larva-to-adult viability, developmental rate, and adult longevity. Elevated concentrations of saguaro alkaloids had no significant effect on the longevity ofD. mettleri, but significantly reduced the longevity ofD. nigrospiracula andD. mojavensis, two nonsoil breeding cactophilic species. Viability and developmental rates of all three species were affected, but the effect onD. nigrospiracula was comparatively greater. It is argued that the adaptations that allowD. mettleri to utilize the saguaro soil niche also convey tolerance to alkaloids present in senita tissue. The ability to utilize senita necroses as feeding substrates represents an ecological advantage to D. mettleri, in that the density of potential feeding sites is increased as compared to species which are more specific in their host-plant relationships.
Increasing returns, home production and persistence of business cycles

Abstract This paper presents a business cycle model with a propagation mechanism capable of generating persistence of output growth comparable to that observed in the US data. The key is that in this model consumption and labor move together not only at the impact of a shock, but also for a few periods after that; this can happen if there are sufficient increasing returns to make the equilibrium indeterminate. The exact degree of increasing returns is estimated so that the distance between the spectra of the model and US output growth is minimized.
Pharmacologic inhibition of platelet function: correlation between in vitro tests of platelet function and clinical outcomes.

Atherothrombosis continues to be a leading cause of death and disability despite advances in pharmacologic and procedural therapies. Antiplatelet agents have been extensively studied and validated to improve outcomes in multiple settings of cardiovascular disease. The emergence of the phenomenon of resistance to antiplatelet therapy resulted in the availability of platelet function tests to assess the effectiveness of these agents. Subsequent evaluations have shown considerable inter-individual variability in platelet inhibition in patients receiving antiplatelet agents. Several small studies showed that patients who were deemed ‘resistant’ to antiplatelet therapy by platelet function testing had adverse clinical outcomes. It is essential that ongoing investigations help delineate a standard definition of ‘resistance’ to antiplatelet therapy, which test of platelet function should be the gold standard, and what therapy, once identified, can help overcome resistance to the currently available antiplatelet agents. Data are needed to determine if outcomes can be improved by changes to existing antiplatelet therapy based on the results of platelet function tests. Alternatively, newer antiplatelet agents may prove effective in overcoming resistance; however, these agents also await validation in large-scale clinical trials.
“Lithium‐Free” Thin‐Film Battery with In Situ Plated Li Anode

The "Li‐free" thin‐film battery with the cell configuration Li diffusion blocking overlayer/Cu/solid lithium electrolyte is activated by in situ plating of metallic Li at the Cu anode current collector during the initial charge. Electrochemical cycling between 4.2 and 3.0 V is demonstrated over 1000 cycles at or over 500 cycles at . As corroborated by scanning electron microscopy during electrochemical cycling, the overlayer is imperative for a high cycle stability; otherwise the plated Li rapidly develops a detrimental morphology, and the battery loses most of its capacity within a few cycles. The Li‐free thin‐film battery retains the high potential of a Li cell while permitting its fabrication in air without the complications of a metallic Li anode. Thus, the Li‐free thin‐film battery survives solder reflow conditions, simulated by a rapid heating to 250°C for 10 min in air followed by quenching to room temperature, without any signs of degradation. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Effects of serotonin on iodide and intermediary metabolism in isolated thyroid cells.

Serotonin in concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/ml greatly stimulated the organification of iodine and the formation of iodothyronines in suspensions of isolated thyroid cells. Iproniazid enhanced the stimulatory action of low, but not of high, concentrations of serotonin. The effects of serotonin on the iodine metabolism of isolated cells were blocked by phentolamine, but not by either propranolol or reducing agents (ascorbate, sodium bisulfite). Serotonin also stimulated the conversion of glucose-l-14C to 14CO2, the incorporation of 14C-labeled amino acids into TCA-precipitable proteins by isolated cells. In addition, adenyl cyclase activity was stimulated by serotonin in both intact and sonicated preparations of isolated cells. The precursors of serotonin, L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan, as well as its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, did not stimulate either iodine metabolism or adenyl cyclase activity, while tryptamine did. These findings suggest that the stimulatory effect of serotonin depend...
Improving the efficiency of configurational-bias Monte Carlo: A density-guided method for generating bending angle trials for linear and branched molecules

A new method has been developed to generate bending angle trials to improve the acceptance rate and the speed of configurational-bias Monte Carlo. Whereas traditionally the trial geometries are generated from a uniform distribution, in this method we attempt to use the exact probability density function so that each geometry generated is likely to be accepted. In actual practice, due to the complexity of this probability density function, a numerical representation of this distribution function would be required. This numerical table can be generated a priori from the distribution function. This method has been tested on a united-atom model of alkanes including propane, 2-methylpropane, and 2,2-dimethylpropane, that are good representatives of both linear and branched molecules. It has been shown from these test cases that reasonable approximations can be made especially for the highly branched molecules to reduce drastically the dimensionality and correspondingly the amount of the tabulated data that is needed to be stored. Despite these approximations, the dependencies between the various geometrical variables can be still well considered, as evident from a nearly perfect acceptance rate achieved. For all cases, the bending angles were shown to be sampled correctly by this method with an acceptance rate of at least 96% for 2,2-dimethylpropane to more than 99% for propane. Since only one trial is required to be generated for each bending angle (instead of thousands of trials required by the conventional algorithm), this method can dramatically reduce the simulation time. The profiling results of our Monte Carlo simulation code show that trial generation, which used to be the most time consuming process, is no longer the time dominating component of the simulation.
P01-443 - Diagnosis versus recovery

The Recovery and Wellness Movement is the framework within which we ask the chronically mentally ill to understand how they might best manage their lives. The epistemological and cultural primacy of a patient′s psychiatric diagnosis minimizes effective involvement in the Recovery Movement. The aim of this presentation is to present both the implications to the patient in being trapped in any diagnostic labyrinth and how she/he can“escape” into a DIFFERENT awareness of the meaning of her/his diagnosis while still actively pursueing meaningful Recovery goals. Various cognitive behavior techniques will be discussed to highlight both how patients should understand the real albeit limited value of their diagnoses as well as understand the necessary self-evaluation and attitudinal changes that will allow them to understand how best to participate in the Recovery Movement. The desired result: Both patients and mental health professionals will learn to minimize any heuristic value in even the term-“Patient.”
Unfactorized versus factorized calculations for 2 H ( e , e ′ p ) reactions at GeV energies

In the literature, one often finds calculations of ${(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p)$ reactions at GeV energies using the factorization approach. Factorization implies that the differential cross section can be written as the product of an off-shell electron-proton cross section and a distorted missing momentum distribution. While this factorization appears in the nonrelativistic plane wave impulse approximation, it is broken in a more realistic approach. The main source of factorization breaking is final state interactions. In this paper, sources of factorization breaking are identified and their numerical relevance is examined in the reaction ${}^{2}\mathrm{H}{(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p)$ for various kinematic settings in the GeV regime. The results imply that factorization should not be used for precision calculations, especially as unfactorized calculations are available.
Slow ions in plasma wind tunnels

One of the limitations of simulation experiments for the study of interaction between a satellite and its space environment is the background of slow ions in the plasma chamber. These ions appear to be created by charge exchange between the beam ions and residual neutral gas and may affect measurements of the current and potential in the wake. Results are presented for a plasma wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of slow ions on both the ion and electron current distribution and the electron temperature in the wake of a body in a streaming plasma. It is shown that the effect of slow ions for beam ion density not exceeding 3 is not significant for measurements of ion current variations in the wake zone. This is not the case when studies are aimed at the quantitative examination of electron current and temperature variations in the near wake zone. In these instances, the measurements of electron properties in the wake should be done at very low system pressures or over a range of system pressures in order to ascertain the influence of slow ions.
A Comparison of Different Criteria for Determining the Effects of Antibiotics on Tetrahymena pyriformis E.

SUMMARY. A study was made of the effects of Chloromycetin, Aureomycin and Terramycin on growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis E. Growth was measured by turbidimetry, cell count and cell volume. Data were analyzed to compare growth rates, time to attain half-maximal growth and growth after 4 days of incubation. Antibiotic levels which yielded approximately 50% inhibition of optical density were as follows: (1) Aureomycin: 1.9 × 10−5M at 4 days and 5.8 × 10−5M for the number of days to reach half-maximal growth; 50% depression of growth rate was never attained since levels greater than 5.8 × 10−5M were lethal; 4.9 to 5.8 × 10−5M Aureomycin resulted in approximately 40% inhibition; (2) Chloromycetin: 12.4 × 10−5M at 4 days and 23.2 to 31 × 10−5M for growth rate and time to reach half-maximum; and (3) Terramycin: 1 × 10−4M at 4 days, 1.5 × 10−4M for growth rate, and 1.5 to 2 × 10−4M for time required to reach the half-maximal point. The diverse results obtained are discussed. Those concentrations of an antibiotic which showed approximately 50% inhibition of growth rate by turbidimetric measurement were then studied for their effect on number of cells during growth. Aureomycin was found to be 66% inhibitory at 4 days, but only 28 and 26% suppressive for growth rate and days needed to attain a half-maximal population, respectively. Chloromycetin reduced growth 82% at 4 days, inhibited rate of growth by 37% and suppressed time to reach the half-maximal level by 39%. Terramycin was calculated to be 50% inhibitory at 4 days, 16% suppressive for growth rate and inhibited the time to reach half-maximal population by 24%. It is also demonstrated that Chloromycetin reduces the size of individual Tetrahymena cells during growth in the culture medium as well as during starvation in buffer. The divers results reported in the literature on the influence of a given antibiotic on Tetrahymena are shown to be caused not only by strain and medium variability, but also, to a great extent, by differences in the methods of measurement and analysis employed. It is suggested that despite certain inherent errors, turbidimetric growth rate is the method of choice for measuring the influence of inhibitors upon total protoplasmic mass.
Microcoil Embolization for Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

To assess outcomes after microcoil embolization for active lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We retrospectively studied all consecutive patients in whom microcoil embolization was attempted to treat acute lower GI bleeding over 88 months. Baseline, procedural, and outcome parameters were recorded following current Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines. Outcomes included technical success, clinical success (rebleeding within 30 days), delayed rebleeding (>30 days), and major and minor complication rates. Follow-up consisted of clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic data. Nineteen patients (13 men, 6 women; mean age ± 95% confidence interval = 70 ± 6 years) requiring blood transfusion (10 ± 3 units) had angiography-proven bleeding distal to the marginal artery. Main comorbidities were malignancy (42%), coagulopathy (28%), and renal failure (26%). Bleeding was located in the small bowel (n = 5), colon (n = 13) or rectum (n = 1). Technical success was obtained in 17 patients (89%); 2 patients could not be embolized due to vessel tortuosity and stenoses. Clinical follow-up length was 145 ± 75 days. Clinical success was complete in 13 (68%), partial in 3 (16%), and failed in 2 patients (11%). Delayed rebleeding (3 patients, 27%) was always due to a different lesion in another bowel segment (0 late rebleeding in embolized area). Two patients experienced colonic ischemia (11%) and underwent uneventful colectomy. Two minor complications were noted. Microcoil embolization for active lower GI bleeding is safe and effective in most patients, with high technical and clinical success rates, no procedure-related mortality, and a low risk of bowel ischemia and late rebleeding.
Facile, completely regioselective 1,4-hydrogenations of C(60)-diaryltetrazine monoadducts

Thermal Diels−Alder reactions between C60 and electron-deficient 3,6-diaryl-1,2,4,5-tetrazines yield monoadducts possessing a diaryldihydropyridazine function nested atop the fullerene. The diaryldihydropyridazine functions direct a completely regioselective 1,4-hydrogenation, resulting in a racemic mixture of bifunctional bisadduct (±)-3.
A framework for the evaluation of turbulence closures used in mesoscale ocean large-eddy simulations

Abstract We present a methodology to determine the best turbulence closure for an eddy-permitting ocean model through measurement of the error-landscape of the closure’s subgrid spectral transfers and flux. We apply this method to 6 different closures for forced-dissipative simulations of the barotropic vorticity equation on an f-plane (2D Navier–Stokes equation). Using a high-resolution benchmark, we compare each closure’s model of energy and enstrophy transfer to the actual transfer observed in the benchmark run. The error-landscape norm enables us to both make objective comparisons between the closures and to optimize each closure’s free parameter for a fair comparison. The hyper-viscous closure most closely reproduces the enstrophy cascade, especially at larger scales due to the concentration of its dissipative effects to the very smallest scales. The viscous and Leith closures perform nearly as well, especially at smaller scales where all three models were dissipative. The Smagorinsky closure dissipates enstrophy at the wrong scales. The anticipated potential vorticity closure was the only model to reproduce the upscale transfer of kinetic energy from the unresolved scales, but would require high-order Laplacian corrections in order to concentrate dissipation at the smallest scales. The Lagrangian-averaged α -model closure did not perform successfully for forced 2D isotropic Navier–Stokes: small-scale filamentation is only slightly reduced by the model while small-scale roll-up is prevented. Together, this reduces the effects of diffusion.
Simultaneously high stiffness and damping in a class of wavy layered composites

Abstract We present results for stiffness and damping prediction in a class of layered, wavy, metal–polymer composites that exceed conventionally published stiffness-damping maps (The Wang–Lakes line, see [14] ). These composites are realized by judiciously placing selected, wavy, metal sheets that sandwich an ultra-thin layer of polymer. Stacks of alternating metal–polymer layered composites, when compressed axially under harmonic loading exhibit not only very high stiffness but also very high damping leading to an “ideal” combination of properties for a variety of structural applications. In this paper, a finite element based study has been presented to predict the mechanical stiffness and damping of such composites. It has been shown that reducing the thickness of the viscous polymer layer not only increases the stiffness of such composites but also improves the damping.
Attitudes Toward and Beliefs About Family Presence: A Survey of Healthcare Providers, Patients’ Families, and Patients

Background Although some healthcare providers remain hesitant, family presence, defined as the presence of patients' family members during resuscitation and/or invasive procedures, is becoming an accepted practice. Evidence indicates that family presence is beneficial to patients and their families. Objectives To describe and compare the beliefs about and attitudes toward family presence of clinicians, patients' families, and patients. Methods Clinicians, patients' families, and patients in the emergency department and adult and neonatal intensive care units of a 300-bed urban academic hospital were surveyed. Results Surveys were completed by 202 clinicians, 72 family members, and 62 patients. Clinicians had positive attitudes toward family presence but had concerns about safety, the emotional responses of the family members, and performance anxiety. Nurses had more favorable attitudes toward family presence than physicians did. Patients and their families had positive attitudes toward family presence. Conclusions Family presence is beneficial to patients, patients' families, and healthcare providers. As family presence becomes a more accepted practice, healthcare providers will need to accommodate patients' families at the bedside and address the barriers that impede the practice.
Performance Comparison and Design Issue on Different GaN Power Transistor Structures

Three types of Ganium Nitride (GaN) transistors were studied in this work. The devices were fabricated and exhibited unique characteristics over on-state current and off-state blocking performances. We also compared the performance differences of devices fabricated by multiepitaxial GaN/AlGaN layers on different substrates (Sapphire and Si) and evaluated the correlations among starting substrate, device variation, and manufacturing uniformity. The first device is a normally-on device with Sapphire substrate which shows good drain saturation current (Idsat) and breakdown characteristics, but the gate leakage current is quite large. The second device is a normally-off GaN transistor named metal-insulate-semiconductor (MIS) heterojunction field-effect transistor (MIS-HFET) which exhibits good performance with threshold voltage (Vth) of 3V and breakdown voltage (Vbd) of over 1800V. However the third device is a normally-off GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-elect transistor (MOSFET) structure which is rather difficult to exhibit good blocking characteristic due to inadequate doping process control of the reduce-surface-field (RESURF) region.
Acceleration compensation for vehicle based telesurgery on earth or in space

Current telesurgical robotic systems are designed to be used exclusively in stationary environments. The ability of a robotic master and slave system to monitor and correct for acceleration induced movement errors would enable conduct of delicate medical procedures onboard moving vehicles. Such operations, without compensation, would be complicated by unintended movement of the surgeonpsilas hands and master controls, causing potentially dangerous response of the surgical robot manipulators. In caring for astronauts on long haul interplanetary missions, it is essential to compensate for alterations in gravitational acceleration when delivering telesurgical or autonomous robotic therapy in the microgravity of space or on non-terrestrial planetary surfaces. This paper introduces new work focused on compensating for unintended master and slave manipulator motion resulting from accelerations of the environment within which they are operated. Experimental results from vehicular operation show how induced motion can be reduced by introduction of dynamic electronic balancing of the master manipulator device and the addition of variable damping proportional to vehicle acceleration. A surgical master console and robot were operated in the micro-gravity and variable gravity of the NASA C-9 airborne parabolic laboratory. Robot kinematics data and surveys of surgeon and astronaut users show that compensating for different gravitational conditions improves usability of the system. Further experiments using an elevator as a motion platform demonstrate the effectiveness of acceleration compensation.
Pressure Differences in a Direct-Current Capillary Discharge

THIS communication deals with the difference of pressure which arises between the ends of the capillary of a d.c.-excited krypton discharge lamp as a result of the motion of ions and electrons in the electric fields1 of the discharge. The effect is of importance in view of the adoption of the 0.606µ line emitted by krypton-86 as the new standard of length2. The wave-length of this line can be shifted, because of broadening due to pressure, by an amount which depends on the pressure and the current in the discharge; this shift is of the order of one part in 108 under the conditions for excitation by means of a d.c. discharge, which have been recommended by the International Committee of Weights and Measures3.
Quality of Market Eggs Can Be Improved

(1950). Quality of Market Eggs can be Improved. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 210-213.
Global parametric identifiability of mechanistic models in chain polymerization

Mechanistic models of chain homopolymerization systems in isothermal batch reactors are analyzed in terms of their global parametric identifiability with respect to state-of-art measurements. The analyses include identifiability of the individual parameters (reaction rate constants) from the measurements and distinguishability of models that arise from different reaction networks. Particular systems of interest are the high-temperature batch chain homopolymerization systems. Advantages of adding spectroscopic measurements to conventional (e.g., gravimetric and chromatographic) measurements in parameter estimation studies are also discussed.
XML Integrated Environment for Service-Oriented Data Management

XML has emerged as a de facto standard for encoding and sharing data between various applications. As the XML content grows, the ability to handle schemaless XML documents becomes more critical as most XML documents do not have schema or Document Type Definitions (DTDs). In addition, XML content and XML tools are often required to be combined in effective ways for better performance and higher flexibility. In this paper, we propose XML Integrated Environment (XIE) which is a general-purpose service-oriented architecture for processing XML documents in a scalable and efficient fashion. XIE supports a new software service model that provides a proper abstraction to describe a service and divide it into four components: structure, connection, interface and logic. We also propose and implement XIE Service Language (XIESL) that can capture the creation and maintenance of the XML processes and the data flow which is specified by the user and then orchestrate the interactions between different XIE services. XIESL manages the complexity of XML processing by implementing an XML processing pipeline that enables better management, control, interpretation and presentation of the XML data even for non-professional users.
Delayed alternation in the pigeon.

Abstract Pigeons were studied in a delayed-response task requiring alternation of key pecks on two response keys. Blackouts of from 1 to 10 sec intervened between successive choices on the two keys. The following results were obtained: (1) Birds performed at well above chance accuracy on all the delays tested. Accuracy was generally lowest at 1- and 10-sec delays. (2) Overt postural orientations during the delay interval appeared to mediate accurate key-pecking behavior. (3) The shape of the delay vs. accuracy function was discussed in terms of the possibly confounding influences of (a) stimulus “trace” variables, and (b) aversive effects of the time outs produced by incorrect responding.
Direct Synthesis of Passband Impedance Matching With Nonuniform Transmission Lines

An analytical technique is used in this paper to achieve a direct synthesis of passband impedance matching under the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation with nonuniform transmission lines. The input reflected power over a required frequency band is minimized using a least squares method, and the characteristic impedance function is constructed in terms of a Fourier series. General properties are observed as a result of this analysis, and a table covering all normalized design parameters of the single passband case is given. Results from two independent methods, the ABCD-matrix method and the High Frequency Structure Simulator full-wave analysis, are used to compare to this theory. Sensitivity analysis of this design is also given and compared with Klopfenstein's taper. A linear property of this theory provides more freedom to extend it to multiband applications. In the end, one measurement result using microstrip line is compared with numerical theories to confirm this theory.
Supporting realistic OpenMP applications on a commodity cluster of workstations

In this paper, we present techniques for translating and optimizing realistic OpenMP applications on distributed systems. The goal of our project is to quantify the degree to which OpenMP can be extended to distributed systems and to develop supporting compiler techniques. Our present compiler techniques translate OpenMP programs into a form suitable for execution on a Software DSM system. We have implemented a compiler that performs this basic translation, and we have proposed optimization techniques that improve the baseline performance of OpenMP applications on distributed computer systems. Our results show that, while kernel benchmarks can show high efficiency for OpenMP programs on distributed systems, full applications need careful consideration of shared data access patterns. A naive translation (similar to the basic translation done by OpenMP compilers for SMPs) leads to acceptable performance in very few applications. We propose optimizations such as computation repartitioning, page-aware optimizations, and access privatization that result in average 70% performance improvement on the SPEC OMPM2001 benchmark applications.
An 18-year experience of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia

Purpose To determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) born at a single neonatal intensive care unit.
Non‐invasive prenatal screening for trisomy 21: Consumers' perspectives

Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has the potential to dramatically increase the prenatal detection rate of Down syndrome because of improvements in safety and accuracy over existing tests. There is concern that NIPS could lead to more negative attitudes towards Down syndrome and less support for individuals with Down syndrome. To assess the impact of NIPS on support for prenatal testing, decision-making about testing, and beliefs or attitudes about Down syndrome, we performed an Internet-based experiment using adults (N = 1,789) recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were randomly assigned to read a mock news article about NIPS, a mock news article about amniocentesis, or no article. The content in the two articles varied only in their descriptions of the test characteristics. Participants then answered questions about their support for testing, hypothetical testing decision, and beliefs and attitudes about Down syndrome. Reading the mock NIPS news article predicted increased hypothetical test uptake. In addition, the NIPS article group also agreed more strongly that pregnant women, in general, should utilize prenatal testing. We also found that the more strongly participants supported prenatal testing for pregnant women, the less favorable their attitudes towards individuals with Down syndrome; providing some evidence that NIPS may indirectly result in more negative perceptions of individuals with this diagnosis.
Breast Cancer in Developing Countries: Opportunities for Improved Survival

Breast cancer survival in the USA has continually improved over the last six decades and has largely been accredited to the use of mammography, advanced surgical procedures, and adjuvant therapies. Data indicate, however, that there were substantial improvements in survival in the USA even prior to these technological and diagnostic advances, suggesting important opportunities for early detection and treatment in low- and middle-income countries where these options are often unavailable and/or unaffordable. Thus, while continuing to strive for increased access to more advanced technology, improving survival in these settings should be more immediately achievable through increased awareness of breast cancer and of the potential for successful treatment, a high-quality primary care system without economic or cultural barriers to access, and a well-functioning referral system for basic surgical and hormonal treatment.
AN INTERFACIAL TENSIOMETER FOR UNIVERSAL USE.

The important and fundamental works of Quincke, Hardy, McC. Lewis, Morgan, and lately Harkins and his collaborators have thrown much light on the behavior of liquids at interfaces, and it may seem hardly necessary to develop a new method in order to study this phenomenon, as those existing have reached a high degree of accuracy. However, if the values of the interfacial tensions of pure liquids have been well established by these investigators and others, the changes of the interfacial tension due to adsorption in function of t ime--a phenomenon similar to that first studied in our laboratoryl--have not, to our knowledge, been studied so far, for lack of proper technique. Consequently, considering the number of new phenomena which were brought to light by the use of the tensiometer first described in this Journal 6 years ago 2 we thought it might be of interest to devise a similar instrument with which measurements of interracial tension could be made in a few seconds, conveniently, in any laboratory, to 0.1 dyne. Our first idea was to utilize the tensiometer as it actually exists on the market, with perhaps a slight modification of the platinum ring. However, as the ring can only be pulled upwards, it limits the measurements for water interfaces, to liquids floating on water; i.e., having a specific gravity < 1. In order to render the instrument universal, it was decided to fix the ring to a rigid support, so that it could be pressed down by means of the torsion wire, as well as pulled
Lifetime history of traumatic events in an American Indian community sample: heritability and relation to substance dependence, affective disorder, conduct disorder and PTSD

American Indians appear to experience a higher rate of traumatic events than what has been reported in general population surveys. American Indians also suffer higher alcohol related death rates than any other ethnic group in the U.S. population. Therefore efforts to delineate factors which may uniquely contribute to increased likelihood of trauma, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders (SUD) over the lifetime in American Indians are important because of the high burden of morbidity and mortality that they pose to American Indian communities. Participants were American Indians recruited from reservations that were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), family history assessment and the stressful-life-events scale. Of the 309 participants, equivalent numbers of men and women (94%) reported experiencing traumas; however, a larger proportion of women received a PTSD diagnosis (38%) than men (29%). Having experienced multiple trauma and sexual abuse were most highly associated with PTSD. Having experienced assaultive trauma and having PTSD symptoms were both found to be moderately heritable (30-50%). Logistic regression revealed that having an anxiety and/or affective disorder and having a substance dependent diagnosis, but not having antisocial personality disorder/conduct disorder, were significantly correlated with having a diagnosis of PTSD. These studies suggest that trauma is highly prevalent in this American Indian community, it is heritable, is associated with PTSD, affective/anxiety disorders and substance dependence. Additionally, trauma, PTSD and substance dependence appear to all co-emerge in early adulthood in this high-risk population.
Isolation and Characterization of Ribosomes and Translation Initiation Factors from the Gram-Positive Soil Bacterium Streptomyces lividans

A primer extension inhibition (toeprint) assay was developed using ribosomes and ribosomal subunits from Streptomyces lividans. This assay allowed the study of ribosome binding to streptomycete leaderless and leadered mRNA. Purified 30S subunits were unable to form a ternary complex on aph leaderless mRNA, whereas 70S ribosomes could form ternary complexes on this mRNA. 30S subunits formed ternary complexes on leadered aph and malE mRNA. The translation initiation factors (IF1, IF2, and IF3) from S. lividans were isolated and included in toeprint and filter binding assays with leadered and leaderless mRNA. Generally, the IFs reduced the toeprint signal on leadered mRNA; however, incubation of IF1 and IF2 with 30S subunits that had been washed under high-salt conditions promoted the formation of a ternary complex on aph leaderless mRNA. Our data suggest that, as reported for Escherichia coli, initiation complexes with leaderless mRNAs might use a novel pathway involving 70S ribosomes or 30S subunits bound by IF1 and IF2 but not IF3. Some mRNA-ribosome-initiator tRNA reactions that yielded weak or no toeprint signals still formed complexes in filter binding assays, suggesting the occurrence of interactions that are not stable in the toeprint assay.
Demographic, family, and occupational characteristics associated with major depression: the Harvard study of moods and cycles

Objective: This study assesses the extent to which women with and without major depression differ by demographic, familial, and occupational characteristics. Method: From a community-based sample, the authors identified 332 women with and 644 women without current or past major depression based on Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV. Demographic and background interviews were conducted in-person. Results: Depressed women were more likely to have gained ≥35 lbs between age 18 and study enrolment (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.5), experienced divorce (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.8), or changed occupations (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1) compared with non-depressed women. Compared with women with no brothers, those with ≥1 brothers were less likely to have a history of depression (OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.1), whereas compared with women with no sisters, those with ≥1 sisters were more likely to have current or past depression (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.9). These findings were not influenced by family sibship size. Conclusion: These results illustrate demographic differences between women with and without major depression and that sibship gender rather than size may also influence risk.
Neurohumoral regulation of arterial pressure in hemorrhage and heart failure.

hemorrhage and heart failure are conditions characterized by reduced cardiac output and arterial pressure. In both conditions, neurohormonal mechanisms are evoked in an attempt to restore arterial pressure to normal levels. However, the relative importance of the various neurohormonal mechanisms in
A Case of Obstructed Hemivagina with Ectopic Ureter Leading to Severe Hydrocolpos and Contralateral Renal Outflow Tract Obstruction in a Neonate

Abstract Background Renal and Mullerian anomalies are frequently associated. Young age at presentation can present challenges in diagnosis and management. We report a case with an unusual presentation and management of this association in the neonatal period. Case A 2-day-old girl had hydronephrosis with a large pelvic fluid collection. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis demonstrated right hydronephrosis and uterine didelphys with an obstructed left hemivagina with hydrocolpos. A tube vaginostomy was used to decompress the vagina. Fluid was consistent with urine from an ectopic ureteral implantation from a dysgenetic left kidney, which was removed. Summary and Conclusion For obstructed hemivagina in a newborn, expanding fluid collections may be addressed with a drain to avoid mass effect and to aid in the diagnosis. Resection of the vaginal obstruction is performed when the patient is older. A nonfunctional kidney can be removed to eliminate fluid accumulation in the obstructed space.
Integration of MATLAB Simulink ® Models with the Vertical Motion Simulator

This paper describes the integration of MATLAB Simulink® models into the Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames Research Center. The VMS is a high-fidelity, large motion flight simulator that is capable of simulating a variety of aerospace vehicles. Integrating MATLAB Simulink models into the VMS needed to retain the development flexibility of the MATLAB environment and allow rapid deployment of model changes. The process developed at the VMS was used successfully in a number of recent simulation experiments. This accomplishment demonstrated that the model integrity was preserved, while working within the hard real-time run environment of the VMS architecture, and maintaining the unique flexibility of the VMS to meet diverse research requirements.
Miniature embedded rotorcraft platform for aerial teleoperation experiments

This paper describes the hardware and software systems that make up an experimental architecture developed to facilitate teleoperation research for miniature rotorcraft. One objective in developing this platform is to place the minimum required sensors and electronics onboard a miniature helicopter with limited payload. The onboard hardware resources must be sufficient to simplify the teleoperation task for the operator. While being developed, the onboard system is coupled with the infrastructure at the Interactive Guidance and Control Lab at the University of Minnesota to allow for a systematic approach to the investigation of onboard control and guidance augmentations. The overall architecture integrates components that allow a variety of estimation, control and guidance algorithms to be conveniently implemented and tested. In the lab environment, a Vicon tracking system is used to accurately determine a helicopter's pose and orientation and evaluate algorithms on stationary computers. This accurate information is used to develop the necessary metrics and evaluate the performance of different algorithms before transition to real-world situations.
Mutagenesis of the N-glycosylation site of hNaSi-1 reduces transport activity.

The human Na+-sulfate cotransporter (hNaSi-1) belongs to the SLC13 gene family, which also includes the high-affinity Na+-sulfate cotransporter (hSUT-1) and the Na+-dicarboxylate cotransporters (Na...
Holter electrocardiogram parameters in risk stratification of arrhythmic events in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: more studies are needed.

Recent advancements in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes and chronic coronary artery disease have contributed to a decreasing number of ischemic patients developing advanced left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Trends in clinical practices using device therapy in
The genus Dermomurex (Mollusca:Gastropoda) in Australia

Abstract The muricid genus Dermomurex has been thought to include only three species in Australia: two of Miocene age and one Recentform. But examination of museum collections has revealed an additional seven species are referrable to this genus. The genus as revised now includes: Dermomurex s.s Miocene-Recent: D. garrardi sp. nov., D. goldsteini (Tenison-Woods), D. angustus (Verco); Dermomurex (Takia) Oligocene-Recent: D. (T.) imitatorsp. nov., D. (T.) cretaceus sp. nov.; D.(T.) glebosus sp. nov., D.(T.) pachystirus (Tate); Dermomurex (Viator) Miocene-Recent: D.(V.) darraghi sp. nov., D.(V.) asteriscus (Tate), D.(V.) antonius Vokes.
Nonadherence in the Advanced Heart Failure Population

The number of patients living with heart failure (HF) in the USA now exceeds 5 million. Although HF is a disease readily treated by medications and lifestyle interventions, nonadherence is common, leading to worse clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. While adherence to medical therapy and clinician recommendations is key in the management of HF, it is perhaps more critical in patients with the most advanced disease, including those receiving home inotropic infusion, heart transplantation, or a left ventricular assist device. Yet, there is a paucity of data on the effects of nonadherence on the advanced heart failure population and little information on the most effective management strategies in these patients. Future studies of nonadherence in HF should utilize uniform definitions of adherence and, ideally, more objective measurements of adherence such as the novel "digital pill" technology.
Pseudoplasticity of Fibrous Composite Materials: Inelastic Response of Laminates with Interfacial Decohesion

After fabrication or in service, certain metal and ceramic matrix laminates may exhibit extensive decohesion, such as debonding and sliding at fiber-matrix interfaces. The evolution of the decohesion process, as well as its effect on overall response and on redistribution of local stress and deformation fields, is analyzed here with a modification of the transformation field analysis method (Dvorak 1992). A finite element analysis of a unit cell model of a fibrous ply is used to obtain the decohesion-induced changes in the potential energy, needed in local fracture criteria. Changes in the local stresses and overall strains are found and converted into effective phase eigenstrains that produce identical average fields in a perfectly bonded ply. Finally, transformation strain analysis of a laminated plate is developed for derivation of governing equations for incremental evaluation of the local fields along a given overall loading path. Applications indicate that the decohesion process may generate overall response similar to that of an elastic-plastic laminate.
Effect of Defoliation on Gypsy Moth Phenology and Capture of Male Moths in Pheromone-Baited Traps

The impact of defoliation on gypsy moth, Lymalltria dispar (L.), larval phenology, pupal phenology, pupal sex ratios, and capture of male moths in pheromone traps was determined. Data were collected from 16 plots located in the leading edge area of the gypsy moth infestation in Virginia. A stochastic phenology model was used to describe larval phenology; regression lines were constructed to describe cumulative pupal occurrence and cumulative capture of male moths over time (degree days). Comparison among plots of the stochastic-model parameter sets and degree-day accumulation that describe larval phenology in physiological time indicate that high levels of defoliation did not influence larval development (defoliation of more than ≍70% is considered high). In calendar days, the period required for larval development was reduced in plots with high levels of defoliation. Comparison of the slopes and intercepts of regression lines among plots for cumulative pupal occurrence indicates that pupal phenology was altered significantly in plots with high levels of defc)liation; the sex ratio of pupae was male skewed in these plots. Comparison of the slopes and intercepts of regression lines among plots for cumulative moth capture indicates that capture was not related to defoliation level. Defoliation apparently can have a significant effect on larval phenology (measured in calendar days), pupal phenology, and the sex ratio of pupae, but the effect on these life stages is not reflected in the capture of male moths. Pheromone traps probably draw moths over too large an area and too long a period to reflect the population dynamics of gypsy moth populations in the immediate vicinity of pheromone traps.
The Anatomy of Smartphone Unlocking: A Field Study of Android Lock Screens

To prevent unauthorized parties from accessing data stored on their smartphones, users have the option of enabling a "lock screen" that requires a secret code (e.g., PIN, drawing a pattern, or biometric) to gain access to their devices. We present a detailed analysis of the smartphone locking mechanisms currently available to billions of smartphone users worldwide. Through a month-long field study, we logged events from a panel of users with instrumented smartphones (N=134). We are able to show how existing lock screen mechanisms provide users with distinct tradeoffs between usability (unlocking speed vs. unlocking frequency) and security. We find that PIN users take longer to enter their codes, but commit fewer errors than pattern users, who unlock more frequently and are very prone to errors. Overall, PIN and pattern users spent the same amount of time unlocking their devices on average. Additionally, unlock performance seemed unaffected for users enabling the stealth mode for patterns. Based on our results, we identify areas where device locking mechanisms can be improved to result in fewer human errors -- increasing usability -- while also maintaining security.