cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insulin resistance predicts mortality in nondiabetic individuals in the U.S.

Abstract Objective: Insulin resistance is a suspected causative factor in a wide variety of diseases. We aimed to determine whether insulin resistance, estimated by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), is associated with all-cause or disease-specific mortality amongst non-diabetic persons in the United States. Research Design and Methods: We determined the association between HOMA-IR and death certificate-based mortality among 5,511 non-diabetic, adult participants of the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) during up to 12 years of follow-up, after adjustment for potential confounders (age, gender, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, alcohol consumption, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking status, physical activity, C-reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides). Results: HOMA-IR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.3, comparing successive quartiles of HOMA-IR in a linear model and AHR 1.64, 95% CI 1.1-2.5, comparing the top [HOMA-IR >2.8] to the bottom quartile [HOMA-IR≤1.4]). HOMA-IR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality only in persons with BMI 2 (the median value) but not in persons with BMI≥25.2 kg/m 2 . Persons in the second, third and fourth quartile of HOMA-IR appeared to have higher cardiovascular mortality than persons in the lowest quartile of HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR was not associated with cancer-related mortality. Conclusions: HOMA-IR is associated with all-cause mortality in the non-diabetic United States population but only among persons with normal BMI. HOMA-IR is a readily available measure that can be used in the future to predict mortality in clinical or epidemiological settings.
Different agendas, styles shape SANE/Freeze

With the merger of two major groups the peace movement may soothe the tensions between activists who stress strong leadership and a single focus and those who want a broad agenda arising from grassroots consensus.
Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and diacetoxyscirpenol or ochratoxin A in turkey poults

The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 4 mg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) or 3 mg ochratoxin A (OA) were evaluated in two experiments using female turkey poults (Nicholas Large Whites) from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, body weight gains were reduced 30% (Study 1) and 24% (Study 2) by FB1, 30% by DAS, 8% by OA, 46% by the FB1 and DAS combination, and 37% by the FB1 and OA combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by all treatments except FB1 in Experiment 2. Relative weights of the liver were significantly increased by all treatments except the DAS treatment. Serum concentrations of cholesterol were decreased and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased and several hematological values were altered in poults fed FB1 alone and in combination with either DAS or OA. Results indicate additive or less than additive toxicity, but not toxic synergy, when poults are fed diets containing 300 mg FB1, and 4 mg DAS or 3 mg OA/kg of diet. The likelihood of encountering FB1, DAS, or OA at these concentrations in finished feed is small. However, under field conditions, other stress factors could alter the impact of these mycotoxins on the health and performance of poultry.
Studying a Drug-like, RNA-Focused Small Molecule Library Identifies Compounds That Inhibit RNA Toxicity in Myotonic Dystrophy

There are many RNA targets in the transcriptome to which small molecule chemical probes and lead therapeutics are desired. However, identifying compounds that bind and modulate RNA function in cellulo is difficult. Although rational design approaches have been developed, they are still in their infancies and leave many RNAs “undruggable”. In an effort to develop a small molecule library that is biased for binding RNA, we computationally identified “drug-like” compounds from screening collections that have favorable properties for binding RNA and for suitability as lead drugs. As proof-of-concept, this collection was screened for binding to and modulating the cellular dysfunction of the expanded repeating RNA (r(CUG)exp) that causes myotonic dystrophy type 1. Hit compounds bind the target in cellulo, as determined by the target identification approach Competitive Chemical Cross-Linking and Isolation by Pull-down (C-ChemCLIP), and selectively improve several disease-associated defects. The best compounds id...
Wetting behavior of H 2 on cesium

We have studied the wetting behavior of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ on Cs by measuring contact angles and adsorption isotherms as functions of the temperature. These measurements were made on the same Cs surface and they quantitatively determine the parameters needed to model the wetting behavior in this system. We find that the wetting temperature for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ on Cs is $20.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05\mathrm{K}$ and the coefficient of the van der Waals attraction is $2700\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}300K {\AA{}}^{3}.$ The data are inconsistent with the usual assumption that the surface tensions at the solid interface are temperature independent.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. By far, the most common forms of DM are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 DM is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells, and type 2 DM is caused by severe insulin resistance and subsequent β-cell failure, due primarily to obesity and lack of physical activity. Other forms of DM include gestational DM and various monogenic types of DM that are caused by single gene defects which lead to deficiencies in β-cell development, insulin production and secretion. This chapter focuses on type 1 DM and provides an overview of current trends and recommendations for diagnosis, management, and prevention of complications.
A Tale of Two Visions: Hegemonic Whiteness and Bilingual Education.

In this article, I examine two visions of bilingual education that emerged during the Civil Rights Movement: race radicalism and liberal multiculturalism. I argue that although proponents of both visions believed that bilingual education was necessary for empowering language-minoritized populations, race radicalism conceptualized this empowerment as liberation from hegemonic Whiteness while liberal multiculturalism conceptualized this empowerment as assimilation into hegemonic Whiteness. I then examine the ways that the institutionalization of bilingual education erased race radicalism through reframing the debate around whether these programs should be subtractive or additive. I conclude by arguing that this dominant framing of bilingual education debates continues to reproduce hegemonic Whiteness in ways that marginalize language-minoritized students.
Information dissemination in heterogeneous-intent networks

Many qualitative studies of communication practices on social media have recognized that people's motivation for participating in social networks can vary greatly. Some people participate for fame and fortune, while others simply wish to chat with friends. In this paper, we study the implications of such heterogeneous intent for modeling information diffusion in social networks. We experiment with user-level perception of messages, analyze large-scale information cascades, and model information diffusion in heterogeneous-intent networks. We perform carefully designed user studies to establish the relationship between the intent and language style of a message sender. Style of the user appear to adapt their language to achieve different intents. We perform a large-scale data analysis on Twitter message cascades and confirm that message propagation through a network is correlated with historical representations of individuals' intents. Finally, we posit a simple analytical model of information diffusion in social networks that takes heterogeneous intents into account and find that this model is able to explain empirically observed properties of structural virality that are not explained by current models.
Fixed and variable cost of carotid endarterectomy and stenting in the United States: A comparative study.

Abstract Objective Despite multiple landmark clinical trials, little data exists on real-world cost of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to the United States healthcare system. We aim to study differences in actual hospitalization cost between patients who underwent CAS vs CEA in a nationally representative database. Methods We studied hospital discharge and billing records of all patients, in the Premier Perspective Database, who underwent CEA or CAS between the third quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2015. Nearest-neighbor 1:1 propensity score matching was performed, to account for differences in patient and hospital characteristics as well as clinical comorbidities of patients who underwent both procedures, for both symptomatic and asymptomatic cohorts using 32 variables. Pearson χ2, Student t-test, and nonparametric K-sample equality-of-medians tests were used to analyze the data, as appropriate. The primary outcome was total in-hospital cost, including fixed (administrative, capital and utilities) and variable costs (labor and supply). Cost data were presented as medians, inflation-adjusted for 2015 U.S. dollar and rounded to the nearest dollar. Results A total of 115,548 procedures were identified. The mean age was 71 and 69 years; 58% and 57% were male patients; and 81% and 77% were white among asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively. After propensity score matching, 25,812 asymptomatic (12,906 CEA and 12,906 CAS) and 3864 symptomatic (1932 CEA and 1932 CAS) patients were included. Total hospitalization cost per CAS was 40% ($11,814 vs $8378; P Conclusions The total hospitalization cost incurred by patients who underwent CAS was significantly higher than for those who underwent CEA, despite matching cohort based on patient and hospital characteristics, and stratifying by symptomatic status, type of cost, hospital region, and surgeon specialty. Our findings could provide additional important information giving the ongoing controversy regarding the appropriate indication for CAS.
Relationships among ultrasonic and mechanical properties of cancellous bone in human calcaneus in vitro

Clinical bone sonometers applied at the calcaneus measure broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound. However, the relation of ultrasound measurements to bone strength is not well-characterized. Addressing this issue, we assessed the extent to which ultrasonic measurements convey in vitro mechanical properties in 25 human calcaneal cancellous bone specimens (approximately 2×4×2cm). Normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation, speed of sound, and broadband ultrasound backscatter were measured with 500kHz transducers. To assess mechanical properties, non-linear finite element analysis, based on micro-computed tomography images (34-micron cubic voxel), was used to estimate apparent elastic modulus, overall specimen stiffness, and apparent yield stress, with models typically having approximately 25-30 million elements. We found that ultrasound parameters were correlated with mechanical properties with R=0.70-0.82 (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that ultrasound measurements provide additional information regarding mechanical properties beyond that provided by bone quantity alone (p≤0.05). Adding ultrasound variables to linear regression models based on bone quantity improved adjusted squared correlation coefficients from 0.65 to 0.77 (stiffness), 0.76 to 0.81 (apparent modulus), and 0.67 to 0.73 (yield stress). These results indicate that ultrasound can provide complementary (to bone quantity) information regarding mechanical behavior of cancellous bone.
Direction-specific interaction forces underlying zinc oxide crystal growth by oriented attachment.

Crystallization by particle attachment is impacting our understanding of natural mineralization processes and holds promise for novel materials design. When particles assemble in crystallographic alignment, expulsion of the intervening solvent and particle coalescence are enabled by near-perfect co-alignment via interparticle forces that remain poorly quantified. Here we report measurement and simulation of these nanoscale aligning forces for the ZnO(0001)-ZnO(000 $$\bar 1$$ ) system in aqueous solution. Dynamic force spectroscopy using nanoengineered single crystal probes reveals an attractive force with 60o rotational periodicity. Calculated distance and orientation-dependent potentials of mean force show several attractive free energy wells distinguished by numbers of intervening water layers, which reach a minimum when aligned. The calculated activation energy to separate the attractively bound solvated interfaces perfectly reproduces the measured 60o periodicity, revealing the key role of intervening water structuring as a basis to generate the interparticle torque that completes alignment and enables coalescence. Crystal growth is a fundamental process, important in a wide range of fields, but the interparticle forces responsible for molecule alignment are not well understood. Here, the authors measure the alignment forces in ZnO using dynamic force spectroscopy, highlighting the role of intervening water molecules.
Photometry based Blood Oxygen Estimation through Smartphone Cameras

We introduce a lightweight, cost-effective, and portable solution for real-time peripheral oxygen saturation SpO2 measurement using photometric sensing through a smartphone's camera. Specifically, we design a hardware plug-in module that snaps onto the smartphone's flashlight and estimates the blood oxygen content from the light intensity reflected off the user's finger and registered on camera images. The oxygen levels are mapped to equivalent photoplethysmography (PPG) signals used for the SpO2 estimation using a machine learning based one-time calibration. With the knowledge that blood oxygen largely responds to Infrared (IR) and Red wavelengths, state-of-the-art pulse oximetry techniques use IR and RED light emitting diodes and photodetectors to sense each channel. We further develop a novel solution that exploits the IR leakage of the LED white light of the smartphone. The system is incorporated with a hardware of IR and RED filters that are spatially separated such that the respective signals are registered on independent areas of the image sensor. We present the preliminary results and analyse possible challenges for further improvement.
International Equity Index and Currency Futures: Commodity Currencies or Emerging Versus Developed Markets?

ABSTRACTEquity index futures in both emerging and developing markets that are net commodity exporters are strongly linked to their respective currency futures markets. Unconditional correlations am...
DS-DSE: Domain-specific design space exploration for streaming applications

Domain-specific computing is promising for highperformance low-power execution of applications with similar functionality. In particular, streaming applications with significant functional and structural similarities can tremendously benefit. However, current Design Space Exploration (DSE) focuses on individual applications in isolation. Hence, much of the domain optimization opportunities are missed. DSE methodologies need to broaden the scope from individual applications in isolation to optimizing across applications within a domain. This paper introduces a novel Domain-Specific DSE (DS-DSE) approach for domain-specific computing with a focus on streaming applications. Key contributions are: (1) a formalized method to extract the functional and structural similarities of domain applications, (2) a novel algorithm for hardware/software partitioning of a domain-specific platform to maximize the throughput across domain applications (under certain constraints) and (3) a methodology to evaluate a domain platform. This paper demonstrates the benefits using 4 domains: OpenVX (vision processing), and 3 synthetic domains (with greater complexity). Our experiments demonstrate a performance improvement (average throughput) of 36.8% for OpenVX and 46.2% for synthetic domains of the DS-DSE generated platform compared to an application-specific platform.
Identifying the Internal and External Stakeholders, the Level of Organizational and Community Engagement, and the Target Champions

The third book chapter covers an often-overlooked aspect of sustainability and resilience planning, stakeholder identification, and the level of staff and community engagement, including designs necessary to implementing the strategies and initiatives. A sequence of the appropriate steps in identifying internal and external stakeholders for organizational sustainability and resilience planning is explained. Similar to the process of mapping out the sustainability and resilience planning, stakeholder engagement process is multilayered, and it involves different stakeholders, internal and external. Internal stakeholders include the elected and appointed officials, staff, and part-time employees. External stakeholders are residents, community members, partners, nonprofit and business organizations and their representatives, boards and task forces, vendors, contractors, regional, state, and national organizations. The initial step to sustainability and resilience planning is to include staff, define roles and responsibilities, and identify target champions. The sustainability and resilience planning process may be used as an opportunity to empower employees to own the designated targets, promote leadership and accountability, and further the collaboration between departments.
A Matter of Phronesis: Experiment and Virtue in Physics, A Case Study

Condensed Matter Physics is a branch of research which alone constitutes the biggest slice of the physics community at large (Particle physics, in second place, is still only half in size). The hot and big problem in Condensed Matter Physics today is the puzzle of High Temperature Superconductivity (HTS), object of an ongoing and philosophically rich controversy. I argue that the role of the scientific community and the role of dissenting positions is epistemically crucial for determining the nature and impact of experimental practice in HTS research. In order to delve into ongoing scientific controversies I take it to be necessary to take a multidisciplinary approach. This controversy is then (1) interpreted and analysed inside the philosophical debate on explanation, prediction and scientific agreement (2) located in its historical context, and considered in its complex historical evolution (3) explored ex-cathedra through experience in laboratories and interviews with living working scientists (4) assessed with a sociological eye, to acknowledge the discrepancies between the vision of the community as it emerges from peer-reviewed publications and official media and the vision of the community depicted by the dissenting minorities.
The Critical Analysis of Documentary Evidence: Basic Skills in the History Classroom.

This paper examines the historian's method of handling evidence and explores some approaches to th improvement of college students' reasoning skills through the analysis of historical documents. The starting point in the development of the reasoning skills should be an exploration of the historian's task and the nature of the evidence, preferably in a small group discussion format. The student must be made to understand that an effective assessment of a piece of evidence can only be made against an informed background. Recognizing that a historical document does not exist in a vacuum, the student must inquire into the events surrounding the piece of evidence under consideration and place it in its social, political, and economic context. A concern for context also neoessitates an exploration of the background of the witness whose writings are under consideration in the classroom. The instructor should then raise the question of whether contemporary attitudes or the students' own values influence criticism and understanding of the source. The next step should be an intensified focus on the text itself. Careful attention should do devoted to the words, their meanings, and their implications. One good guideline for students is that they accept as historical fact only those particulars that may be confirmed by the testimony of two or more reliable sources. The instructor should then introduce the concept of reasoned interpretation as inherent in the historian's work. Suggestions for the use of historical documents in the classroom are made. (Author/RM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS NATIONAL INSTITU fE OF EDUCATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (MCI Lertodee, )1( doturnent has been reprodo,ed dS J4127/6°. ,,,,yed front the person Ur ofq,itutrition ortginatIng It Minor changes ftdle been malt to Illprov0 rf`prIAL1( lion guilty TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" Points of ,f+VI, k/f opintons shited in INS dOCil MerIlliOrlotfle,SSanly,p,beflOft,WINIE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION--NINETY-SIXTH ANNUAL FETING DECEMBER 28-30, 1981 LOS ANGELES
Ureteroscopy: An Outpatient Procedure?

AbstractUreteroscopy is used in the diagnosis and treatment of many urological conditions. The technique of ureteroscopy has been simplified by the introduction of smaller ureteroscopes and by an increase in the variety of accessory instruments that can be passed through the ureteroscope. Despite those advances, recent reports indicate that ureteroscopy is still generally considered an inpatient procedure. Since 1987 we have performed most of our ureteroscopic procedures on an outpatient basis. We reviewed the records of 176 patients who underwent ureteroscopy between 1988 and 1990, of whom 84 (47.7%) underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with the same anesthesia. We treated 134 patients (76.1% of the total group) as outpatients, while 20 (11.4%) chose to remain in the hospital overnight for personal reasons, 10 (5.7%) required additional surgery after ureteroscopy and 12 (6.8%) required hospitalization for preexisting medical problems or for problems that resulted from ureteroscopy. Of the 134 ...
Structure of Asphaltenes during Precipitation Investigated by Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.

Time-resolved size and structure measurements of asphaltenes while in the process of precipitating were monitored for the first time using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. The results revealed that asphaltenes precipitating from a heptane–toluene mixture demonstrate a hierarchical structure of an asphaltene-rich phase (e.g., droplet) that further agglomerates into fractal flocs. The fractal flocs that form by the agglomeration of the asphaltene-rich phase are what is commonly detected by optical microscopy above the precipitation detection point. The surface of the asphaltene-rich phase is initially rough and transitions to a smooth interface, as would be expected for a highly viscous liquid. Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering measurements were also performed to investigate the structure of soluble asphaltenes, providing comprehensive structural characterization from the nanometer- to micrometer-length scales as a function of time. Further, the results demonstrate that the size and concentration...
Abstract TP145: Evolution of Language Network Plasticity Post Stroke Based on Graph Theory

Introduction: Modeling the human brain as a large-scale network has been shown to provide systematic understanding of reorganizational evolvement secondary to stroke. To investigate these changes i...
The Crank-Nicolson FDTD Method in Cylindrical Coordinates and Its Application to Underwater UXO Detection and Classification Problems

This paper presents the unconditional Crank -Nicolson finite-difference time-domain (CN-FDTD) scheme method in the cylindrical coordinate for solving underwater electromagnetic induction problems. First, a general CN-FDTD formulation is given, and then numerical results are demonstrated for a loop current source excitation in a conducting multilayer structure. The comparisons between CN-FDTD and traditional FDTD methods are given. The studies demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the proposed algorithm for modeling underwater EMI induction problems in the time domain.
Approximation on Curves in Cn

Let K be a simple closed curve (homeomorphic image of a circle) in C n , and J a Jordan are (homeomorphic image of a closed interval) in C n . We wish to describe the polynomially convex hulls h(K) and h(J).
Navigating the brogrammers and the boys’ club: Women’s representation and experiences in political technology:

This article offers the first systematic study of the hiring patterns and career experiences of women working on U.S. presidential campaigns in the new field of political technology. We paired the ...
Abstract 221: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement is Associated with a Reduction in Hospitalization Rates: Insights from Nationwide Readmission Database

Background: In inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) reduced mortality and hospitalization as compared with medical therapy. However, hospit...
Efficacy of long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with partial virologic response in real practice.

Background/Aims: The optimal management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) pa tients with partial virologic response (PVR) to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of prolonged TDF therapy in treatment-naive CHB patients with PVR to TDF therapy in real practice. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the efficacy of prolonged TDF ther apy in treatment-naive CHB patients with PVR to TDF. PVR was defined as a decrease in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA over 2 log10 IU/mL from base line, with detectable HBV DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction at week 48. Results: We included 232 patients who underwent TDF therapy for over 48 weeks. Forty-two patients (18.1%) showed PVR. In multivariate analysis, hep atitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity, and high levels of serum HBV DNA at baseline and week 12 were independent predictive factors for PVR during TDF therapy. Out of 42 patients with PVR, 39 (92.9%) achieved virologic response (VR) during continuous TDF treatment; the cumulative VR rates at 24, 36, and 48 months were 79.8%, 88.2%, and 95.6%, respectively. With an additional 12 months of therapy, VR was achieved in 28/31 (90.3%) patients with HBV DNA < 100 IU/mL, compared to 5/11 (45.5%) patients with HBV DNA ≥ 100 IU/mL, at week 48. Conclusions: The vast majority of patients achieved VR through prolonged TDF therapy, thus TDF treatment can be maintained in nucleos(t)ide-naive pa tients with PVR at week 48, especially in those with low viremia.
The Seer in the Seen

This chapter explores our notion of “subjectivity” and its conceptual reliance upon objectivity as a mode of experience that is likewise never absolute. The chapter uses the poetry of Wallace Stevens and the often metaphorically rendered discourse of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus to illustrate divergent origins of supposition that approach kindred conclusions about the limits of what we can know about the intersection between subjects and objects. Such poetry and prose is likewise put into contemporary social context in which the language of “subjectivity” participates in a social context of so-called post-truth. The friction between the rhetoric of radical constructivism and that of post-theoretical cultural criticism often goes unacknowledged in arguments that deploy categories of race, for instance, as both fundamentally unstable, fundamentally constructed, and yet capable of reification.
The 130-370 GHz rotational spectrum of phenyl isocyanide (C6H5NC).

The analysis of phenyl isocyanide (C6H5NC, μa = 4.0 D) in its ground vibrational state and two lowest-energy excited vibrational states, ν22 (141 cm−1) and ν33 (155 cm−1), in the 130–370 GHz frequency region has been completed. Over 4500 new rotational transitions have been measured in the ground vibrational state for the most abundant isotopologue, resulting in the determination of the spectroscopic constants for a partial octic Hamiltonian with low error. The Coriolis-coupled ν22-ν33 dyad reported herein, containing over 3500 new transitions for each vibrational state, has been analyzed for the first time. The coupled-state least-squares fit utilizes seven coupling terms (Ga, GaJ, GaK, GaJJ, GaJK, Fbc, and FbcK) to address perturbation between the two vibrational states, including resonances and several nominal interstate transitions. This work results in precise determination of the energy separation between the two states, ΔE22,33 = 9.682 248(3) cm−1, and the Coriolis coupling coefficient, |ζ22,33a| = 0.858(9). The precise rotational and distortion constants determined in this work provide the foundation for an astronomical search for phenyl isocyanide across the radio band.
From gauged linear sigma models to geometric representation of W C P ( N , N ˜ ) in 2D

In this paper two issues are addressed. First, we discuss renormalization properties of a class of gauged linear sigma models (GLSM), which reduce to $\mathbb{W}\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}(\mathbit{N},\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\mathbit{N}})$ nonlinear sigma models (NLSM) in the low-energy limit. Sometimes they are referred to as the Hanany-Tong models. If supersymmetry is $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ the ultraviolet-divergent logarithm in GLSM appears, in the renormalization of the Fayet-Iliopoulos parameter, and is exhausted by a single tadpole graph. This is not the case in the daughter NLSMs. As a result, the one-loop renormalizations are different in GLSMs and their daughter NLSMs. We explain this difference and identify its source. In particular, we show why at $N=\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{N}$ there is no UV logarithm in the parent GLSM, while they do appear in the corresponding NLSM. In the second part of the paper we discuss the same problem for a class of $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ GLSMs considered previously. In this case renormalization is not limited to one loop; all orders exact $\ensuremath{\beta}$ functions for GLSMs are known. We discuss logarithmically divergent loops at one- and two-loop levels.
Religion and Adolescent Outcomes: How and Under What Conditions Religion Matters

This review discusses the state of theory and research on how and under what conditions religion shapes various adolescent outcomes such as health, education, sexual behavior, and substance use. We...
Independent effects of 15 commonly prescribed drugs on all-cause mortality among US elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective Most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) also have hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Consequently, they are taking medications for all three conditions concurrently and the effect of one drug could be confounded with that of another. This study aimed to determine the independent effects of 15 commonly prescribed medications for three conditions on the risk of all-cause mortality among elderly patients with T2DM. Research design and methods A cohort of 360 437 elderly patients with T2DM from 2007 to 2016 US Medicare data was traced along with cumulative uses of 8 diabetes, 6 hypertension and 1 hyperlipidemia drugs. The relative risk of all-cause mortality for each study drug was estimated using an extended Cox regression analysis adjusting for the concurrent use of other study drugs. Results Compared with the no use of each study medication, mortality risk declined with use of 3 diabetes drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (HR=0.73; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.84), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (HR=0.75; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.80) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (HR=0.94; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98), the use of 3 blood pressure medications, diuretics (HR=0.89; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.92), angiotensin receptor blockers (HR=0.86; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.89), ACE inhibitors (HR=0.98; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.01) as well as statins (HR=0.83; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.85). It increased moderately with insulin (HR=1.55; 95% CI 1.51 to 1.59), sulfonylureas (HR=1.16; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.20), a small inconsistent amount with metformin (HR=1.05), beta-blockers (HR=1.07), dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (HR=0.99) and non-dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (HR=1.05). The use of thiazolidinedione had no effect. Conclusion Among older patients with diabetes, mortality risk decreased importantly with three new diabetes drugs, 3 blood pressure drugs and statins. It increased moderately with sulfonylurea and insulin. Studies of aggressive use of new T2DM drugs instead of sulfonylureas and insulin are needed. Our statin results empirically validate two national guidelines for using statins in older patients with diabetes. However, 23% of study patients never took a statin, suggesting missed opportunities for prevention.
Fluorescence Imaging of the Ureter in Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery

ABSTRACT Study Objective Determine near-optimal dose, safety, and efficacy of nerindocianine in pelvic ureter detection with near-infrared fluorescence imaging in women undergoing minimally invasive pelvic surgery with 3 Food and Drug Administration–cleared imaging systems. Design Open label, phase 1/2a study. Setting University of Alabama at Birmingham. Patients Forty-one female subjects undergoing minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Interventions Subjects received a single dose of nerindocianine sodium, starting at 0.06-mg/kg body weight and increased/decreased until the near-optimal dose was determined (part A). Examine the degree of concordance between endoscopic and robotic devices (part B). Measurements and Main Results In part A, composite scores were collected every 10 minutes for 30 minutes and then every 15 minutes through 90 minutes using a scale measuring the anatomy/laterality of ureter visualization. In part B (paired imaging system efficacy), 2 cohorts of 8 subjects each received the near-optimal dose. Composite scores for visualization of the ureter were collected at 10 and 30 minutes postinfusion with the Firefly Imaging System and either the PINPOINT or 1588 AIM endoscope. Composite scores were compared to examine the degree of concordance between devices. Part A comprised 25 total subjects enrolled in dosing groups 1, 2, and 3 (0.06-, 0.12-, and 0.045-mg/kg, respectively). Median time to first ureter visualization was 10 minutes (all groups). The nerindocianine 0.06-mg/kg and 0.12-mg/kg groups had longer length of time of visualization than the 0.045-mg/kg group, resulting in the selection of 0.06 mg/kg as the near-optimal dose. Part B enrolled 16 total subjects in 2 groups dosed at 0.06 mg/kg. Efficacy analysis showed no statistically significant difference in composite scores with Firefly versus PINPOINT or 1588 AIM. Conclusion Nerindocianine was well tolerated with visualization of the ureter demonstrated in 88.9% of the subjects through 90 minutes postdosing. No meaningful visualization differences were observed among the Food and Drug Administration–cleared surgical imaging systems used.
National Database Research in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery: A Call for Increased Transparency and Reproducibility.

ObjectiveTo reproduce a published study comparing outcomes of patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction by plastic surgeons and otolaryngologists and to examine how case selection and met...
Questionnaire survey on hepatitis B vaccine in clinics

We conducted a questionnaire survey on the status of implementation of hepatitis B vaccination and HBs antibody testing. It involved medical personnel covering 484 regional medical institutions in the Osaka Province. Results showed that the recognition rate was 30.1%, the hepatitis B vaccination implementation rate was 38.9%, and that of HBs antibody testing was 38.9%. Although 42.5% of the medical institutions had experienced needle-stick injuries, some medical institutions did not respond properly. The low implementation rate of hepatitis B vaccination and HBs antibody test could be explained by lack of recognition for hepatitis B infection control guidelines. Therefore, we can achieve a possible improvement in the control of infection in the Province, if sensitization programs on hepatitis B infection control are organized in the various regional medical institutions in order to provide adequate information and raise awareness on the importance of respecting these guidelines.
Personalized Perturbation Profiles Reveal Concordance between Autism Blood Transcriptome Datasets

The complex heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has made quantifying disease specific molecular changes a challenge. Blood based transcriptomic assays have been performed to isolate these molecular changes and provide biomarkers to aid in ASD diagnoses, etiological understanding, and potential treatment 1−6. However, establishing concordance amongst these studies is made difficult in part by the variation in methods used to call putative biomarkers. Here we use personal perturbation profiles to establish concordance amongst these datasets and reveal a pool of 1,189 commonly perturbed genes and new insights into poorly characterized genes that are perturbed in ASD subjects. We find the resultant perturbed gene pools to include the following unnamed genes: C18orf25, C15orf39, C1orf109, C1orf43, C19orf12, C6orf106, C3orf58, C19orf53, C17orf80, C4orf33, C21orf2, C10orf2, C1orf162, C10orf25 and C10orf90. Investigation into these genes using differential correlation analysis and the text mining tool Chilibot reveal interesting connections to DNA damage, ubiquitination, R-loops, autophagy, and mitochondrial damage. Our results support evidence that these cellular events are relevant to ASD molecular mechanisms. The personalized perturbation profile analysis scheme, as described in this work, offers a promising way to establish concordance between seemingly discordant expression datasets and expose the relevance of new genes in disease.
Interaction Between Physical Activity and Polygenic Score on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Black and White Participants From the Health and Retirement Study

This study investigated the association of lifestyle factors and polygenic risk scores (PGS), and their interaction, on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We examined data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort of adults aged 50 years and older, containing nationally representative samples of Black and White Americans with precalculated PGS for T2D (N = 14 001). Predicted prevalence and incidence of T2D were calculated with logistic regression models. We calculated differences in T2D prevalence and incidence by PGS percentiles and for interaction variables using nonparametric bootstrap method. Black participants had approximately twice the prevalence of Whites (26.2% vs 14.2%), with a larger difference between the 90th and 10th PGS percentile from age 50 to 80 years. Significant interaction (pinteraction = .0096) was detected between PGS and physical activity among Whites. Among Whites in the 90th PGS percentile, T2D prevalence for moderate physical activity was 17.0% (95% CI: 14.8, 19.6), 6.8% lower compared to no/some physical activity (23.8%; 95% CI: 20.4, 27.5). T2D prevalence was similar (~10%) for both groups in the 10th PGS percentile. Incident T2D in Whites followed a similar pattern (pinteraction = .0325). No significant interactions with PGS were detected among Black participants. Interaction of different genetic risk profiles with lifestyle factors may inform understanding of varying inventions' efficacy for different groups of people, potentially improving clinical and prevention interventions.
Hospital Unit Understaffing and Missed Treatments: Primary Evidence

Purpose – Hospitals throughout the USA are facing increasing patient demand and employee shortages. This capacity issue has led to understaffing in some hospital areas. The purpose of this paper is to examine the understaffing in hospital-unit respiratory care and the impact to error rates, specifically missed treatments rates. The moderating effects of teamwork and standardized, integrated information systems are also considered. Design/methodology/approach – Survey methodology is used for data collection of respiratory care managers within hospital units. Regression is used to test the hypotheses in this study. Findings – The regression results show that higher rates of understaffing are associated with more missed treatments. In addition, both teamwork and integrated information systems are associated with lower missed treatments. Finally, the moderating effect of teamwork is also highly significant within the model while integrated information systems are not a significant moderator. Practical implications – Managers working within understaffed hospital units can try to reduce missed treatment rates by both integrated information systems and teamwork among employees. Additional benefits can be gained from teamwork due to the indirect effects (moderating effects) as well. This indicates teamwork training can be useful for quality initiatives. Originality/value – Understaffing is associated with higher missed treatments in hospital units. Standardized, integrated information systems within a hospital are associated with less missed treatments. Furthermore, employee teamwork within a hospital unit is associated with a direct effect on missed treatment rates as well as an indirect effect by weakening the negative impact of understaffing.
Online GIS switch contact temperature monitoring based on IR sensing

According to the structural characteristics of the disconnecting switches in GIS equipments,an online contact temperature monitoring method based on IR(Infra-Red) sensing is proposed. Highly emissive coating is spread on the contact surface to enhance its emissivity and the emissivity of infrared temperature sensor is adjusted to compensate the absorption effect of SF6. A GIS experiment platform is established and the influences of SF6concentration,IR filter and environmental temperature on IR sensing are researched. Experimental results show that,the indication of IR sensor reduces along with the increase of SF6 concentration,which could be compensated by lowering the emissivity of sensor. An online GIS contacts temperature monitoring system is designed based on the proposed method.
Morphology-induced dielectric enhancement in polymer nanocomposites

The mechanism of the recently discovered enhancement of dielectric properties in dilute polymer-nanoparticle composites is investigated by experiments and computer simulations. We show that the weakening of the hydrogen bonds between the nanoparticles and the polymer chains reduces the polymer-nanoparticle composite's dielectric enhancement. The subsequent multiscale simulations investigate the attachment of solvated highly dipolar polymers to oxide nanoparticles, which leads to deposition of nanoparticle–polymer blobs during solution casting and a reduced density compared to a neat polymer film. Coarse-grained simulations of nanocomposite morphology are followed by molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations of permittivities. The increased free volume in the nanocomposite enables easier reorientation of monomer dipoles with an applied electric field, and thus a higher dielectric permittivity. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with experimental data for PEEU and PEI nanocomposites.
C.D.S.-Implied Risk of U.S. Delinquency: Implications for the U.S. Debt Ceiling

In this paper, we use a structural credit risk model developed by Geske (1977) and generalized by Chen et al. (2014) to assess the delinquency risk of U.S. Treasury debt implied by U.S. sovereign CDS spreads. We also use the fitted structural model to determine the implied debt ceiling for the Federal Government.
The Forensic Stage: Official arbitration in the Attic orators

Official arbitrators received their cases from the Forty, and AP 53.1 reports that the Forty are the officials “from whom plaintiffs obtained a hearing in the other private suits.” It is now generally thought that “the other private suits” refer to a specific set of dikai under the jurisdiction of the Forty (and hence of the official arbitrators) distinct from the graphai and dikai heard by other magistrates. Jurisdiction over dikai underwent changes during the fourth century; certain dikai which are “confirmed” for official arbitration in the middle of that century appear as emmēnoi and under the jurisdiction of the eisagogeis in AP 52. 2 (thus dikai proikos and aikeias , and possibly aphormes and trapezetikai ; see Rhodes 1981 ad loc). The date of the change of jurisdiction cannot be determined, but most scholars have accepted Gernet's (1939) arguments that dikai emmēnoi did not exist during the first half of the fourth century. Dikai emporikai (a subset of dikai emmēnoi) came into existence sometime between 355 and 342 (see MacDowell 1990 apud Dem. 21. 176); dates for other dikai emmēnoi cannot be specified beyond saying that they were introduced at some point between the early 340s and the composition of the AP (set E. Cohen 1973: 186–91; Harrison 2. 21). While our limited sources attest to only nine or ten dikai (and the identification of some of these is disputable) under the jurisdiction of the Forty, modern authorities usually assume that they were responsible for most private suits (cf. Isokr. 15. 237).
Prebiotic Amino Acid Thioester Synthesis: Thiol-Dependent Amino Acid Synthesis from Formose Substrates (Formaldehyde and Glycolaldehyde) and Ammonia

Formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde (substrates of the formose autocatalytic cycle) were shown to react with ammonia yielding alanine and homoserine under mild aqueous conditions in the presence of thiol catalysts. Since similar reactions carried out without ammonia yielded α-hydroxy acid thioesters (Weber, 1984a, b), the thiol-dependent synthesis of alanine and homoserine is presumed to occur via amino acid thioesters – intermediates capable of forming peptides (Weber and Orgel 1979). A pH 5.2 solution of 20 mM formaldehyde, 20 mM glycolaldehyde, 20 mM ammonium chloride, 23 mM 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and 23 mM acetic acid that reacted for 35 days at 40°C yielded (based on initial formaldehyde) 1.8% alanine and 0.08% homoserine. In the absence of thiol catalyst, the synthesis of alanine and homoserine was negligible. Alanine synthesis required both formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde, but homoserine synthesis required only glycolaldehyde. At 25 days the efficiency of alanine synthesis calculated from the ratio of alanine synthesized to formaldehyde reacted was 2.1%, and the yield (based on initial formaldehyde) of triose and tetrose intermediates involved in alanine and homoserine synthesis was 0.3 and 2.1%, respectively. Alanine synthesis was also seen in similar reactions containing only 10 mM each of aldehyde substrates, ammonia, and thiol. The prebiotic significance of these reactions that use the formose reaction to generate sugar intermediates that are converted to reactive amino acid thioesters is discussed.