cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Emile Durkheim's “Anti‐Semitism and Social Crisis”

Emile Durkheim's “Antisemitisme et crise sociale,” written in 1899 during the Dreyfus Affair in France, is introduced. The introduction summarizes the principal contributions that “Antisemitisme et crise sociale” makes to the sociology of anti-Semitism, relates those contributions to Durkheim's broader theoretical assumptions and concerns, situates his analysis of anti-Semitism in its social and historical context, contrasts it to other analyses of anti-Semitism (Marxist and Zionist) that were prominent in Durkheim's time, indicates some of the revisions and additions that a fuller and more complete Durkheimian theory of anti-Semitism would entail, and highlights the significance of Durkheim's ideas for the contemporary study of ethnic and racial antagonism. While noting the limitations of Durkheim's analysis, the introduction concludes that “Antisemitisme et crise sociale” has sadly regained its relevance in the light of a revival of anti-Semitism at the turn of the millennium.
Determination of Mercury (II) Ion Concentrations in Human Serum Albumin Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Multivariate Regression Analysis

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a protein responsible for the transportation and delivery of drug molecules, fatty acids, and metabolites to various targets and the removal of waste products from the body. However, the binding of heavy metal ions, including mercury (II) (Hg(II)), can adversely affect HSA physiological properties with deleterious health consequences. The volatility of Hg at room temperature precludes the use of conventional flame, graphite furnace, or inductively couple atomic absorption spectroscopy for routine analysis of Hg in most research and medical laboratories. This study reports the first potential utility of fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate regression analysis for the determination of Hg(II) concentration in HSA samples. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated the binding of Hg(II) at HSA amide I and amide II sites. Also, the binding of Hg(II) with HSA resulted in a decreased HSA ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption and dramatic quenching of HSA fluorescence emission. The developed multivariate partial least squares regression (PLSR) model from Hg(II)-HSA fluorescence emission data was able to predict the Hg(II) concentration in HSA samples, with a root mean square percent relative error of prediction of 6.59%. The simplicity, low cost, and robustness of this method makes it a promising alternative method for rapid determination of Hg(II) concentration in biological specimens.
Averaging of a 3D primitive equations with oscillating external forces

In this article, we consider a non-autonomous three-dimensional primitive equations of the ocean with a singularly oscillating external force g e = g 0(t) + e−ρ g 1(t/e) depending on a small parameter e > 0 and ρ ∈ [0, 1) together with the averaged system with the external force g 0(t), formally corresponding to the case e = 0. Under suitable assumptions on the external force, we prove as in [V.V. Chepyzhov, V. Pata, and M.M.I. Vishik, Averaging of 2D Navier–Stokes equations with singularly oscillating forces, Nonlinearity, 22 (2009), pp. 351–370] the boundness of the uniform global attractor &#x1d49c;e as well as the convergence of the attractors &#x1d49c;e of the singular systems to the attractor &#x1d49c;0 of the averaged system as e → 0+. When the external force is small enough and the viscosity is large enough, the convergence rate is controlled by Ke(1−ρ). Let us note that the main difference between this work and that of Chepyzhov et al. (2009) is that the non-linearity involved in the three-dimensional primitive equation...
Neuroplasticity in specific limbic system circuits may mediate specific kindling induced changes in animal affect—implications for understanding anxiety associated with epilepsy

In two complementary experiments, we studied the effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) of the amygdala on behavioral effects of kindling in rats and cats. These studies tested the hypothesis that kindling induced long term potentiation (KLTP) in amygdala circuits underlies interictal behavioral change. Since LFS can depotentiate LTP, it was predicted that LFS should both depotentiate KLTP and reverse behavioral effects of kindling. In cats, the effects of LFS on KLTP of amygdala efferents was studied, and related to behavioral effects. Partial ventral hippocampal kindling in cats and right amygdala kindling in rodents lastingly increased defensive response to rats in cats, and anxiety-like behavior (ALB) in the elevated plus-maze in rats. In addition, partial kindling reduced predatory attack behavior in cats independent of its effects on defensive response. Partial kindling also induced KLTP of amygdala efferent transmission to ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) in left and right hemispheres. Depotentiation of amygdala efferent KLTP by bilateral amygdala LFS selectively reduced KLTP in right amygdala efferents. At the same time, defensive behavior, but not attack behavior, was returned to levels seen prior to partial kindling. Defensiveness returned to post kindling levels between 44 and 76days after LFS. At the same time, LTP was restored in the right Amygdalo-PAG pathway only. These findings suggest that lasting change in affect produced by kindling depends on LTP of right amygdala efferent transmission to PAG, replicating studies of the effects of FG-7142 on brain and behavior in the cat. The findings suggest further that the spectrum of behavioral changes produced by partial kindling are dependent on changes in a variety of neural circuits, and that amygdala efferent transmission changes are responsible for changes in defensive behavior, but not attack behavior. Effects of LFS were not due to damage, as thresholds to evoke amygdala efferent response were unchanged. Other data suggest KLTP and depotentiation in right Amygdalo-PAG may reflect changes in glutamate receptor density/synapse number. Kindling effects on rat ALB persisted for at least 1month. Bilateral but not unilateral amygdala LFS reversed the effects of kindling on risk assessment in the plus maze for at least 3weeks. Bilateral LFS also reversed the effects of kindling on open arm exploration, but effects were shorter lived, appearing at 1day but not 3weeks after kindling and LFS. These findings are consistent with other studies which suggest that amygdala neuroplasticity in separable amygdala circuits mediates lasting changes in open arm avoidance and risk assessment. Taken together, the findings of both studies support the hypothesis that a form of LTP of specific amygdala circuits underlies lasting changes in affect produced by limbic kindling. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Magnitude estimation and sensory matching.

Scaling procedures are commonly used to generate sensory matches, in which each match is defined as the set of stimuli that yield a constant average judgment. Five experiments evaluated the principle of “matching-by-scaling” in the magnitude estimation of loudness: (1) Matches derived from magnitude estimates of the loudness of qualitatively different sounds (500-Hz and 2500-Hz tones) change dramatically with changes in the relative intensity levels (contexts) of the stimuli being judged. (2) Small changes in matches apparently can arise from sequential processes of judgment, even when the stimuli are qualitatively identical (all 500 Hz). (3) Even when the effects of sequential processes are minimized by averaging, changing the context induces large changes in loudness matches derived from magnitude estimates of 500-Hz and 2500Hz tones. (4) Changing contextual sets of qualitatively identical stimuli (all 500 Hz) presented to different ears has little effect on interaurally matching values. (5) Matches between 500-Hz and 2500-Hz tones shift with changes in the proportions of presentations of various intensity levels, even when the intensity levels themselves do not change. The results imply that judgments of perceived intensity of qualitatively different stimuli do not always obey the principle that equal sensations yield equal response, and, accordingly, that experiments using scaling methods to generate matches should compare stimuli whose levels of subjective magnitude are roughly the same. The results can be described by a quantitative model containing a parameter that depends on qualitative similarity and that may therefore reflect the degree of overlap in activated sensory channels.
Frequency domain simulation of focused array radar returns from buried mines in clutter

Simulation code was developed to model monostatic or bistatic radar returns from terrain and discrete objects within the radar's field of view, including subsurface scattering due to complex permittivity inhomogeneities and buried objects, using Born approximations. This code is applied to simulation of return from a mine-like dielectric cylinder buried a few inches below the surface. Clutter sources included are: scattering from the rough surface above the mine and subsurface random permittivity inhomogeneities. Simulated images of received power from a subsurface region are obtained with and without the mine and the results will be compared with experimentally-obtained images of the region. Depth resolution of a few inches is obtained by using a focused linear array of 4 transmitters and a linear array of 4 receivers identical to and parallel to the transmitter array. The illuminated subsurface volume is between the two arrays. The detector scans the volume by varying relative delays between array elements such that, at a given time instant t 1 the signals arrive at a point p 1 and returns from p 1 arrive at the 4 receivers with equal delays. Superposition of received signals at time t 1 favors returns from a small volume around p 1 . At time t 2 all energy is similarly focussed on a different point p 2 . The process continues until the entire volume has been scanned and an image of the region has been generated. Sensitivity to mine dimensions, composition and burial depth and soil parameters is demonstrated.
Collective Thomson scattering in a laser-produced plasma resolved in time, space, frequency, or wave number

Thomson scattering of a probe laser beam is a powerful diagnostic tool used in the study of laser–plasma interactions. Collective Thomson scattering provides a nonperturbing means of detecting waves in the plasma that yields information about the interaction physics. Different types of waves may be resolved in time, space, frequency, or wave number or in combinations of these coordinates. We describe the experimental Thomson-scattering techniques used in the diagnosis of the stimulated Raman- and Brillouin-scattering processes in a laser-produced plasma and the observation of wave harmonics and coupling between waves.
Phonological awareness predicts activation patterns for print and speech

Using fMRI, we explored the relationship between phonological awareness (PA), a measure of metaphonological knowledge of the segmental structure of speech, and brain activation patterns during processing of print and speech in young readers from 6 to 10 years of age. Behavioral measures of PA were positively correlated with activation levels for print relative to speech tokens in superior temporal and occipito-temporal regions. Differences between print-elicited activation levels in superior temporal and inferior frontal sites were also correlated with PA measures with the direction of the correlation depending on stimulus type: positive for pronounceable pseudowords and negative for consonant strings. These results support and extend the many indications in the behavioral and neurocognitive literature that PA is a major component of skill in beginning readers and point to a developmental trajectory by which written language engages areas originally shaped by speech for learners on the path toward successful literacy acquisition.
Frequency Distribution of Dissolved Solids in Ground Watera

The frequency distribution of dissolved-solids content of ground waters in geologically and climatologically homogeneous terrane units commonly approximates a log-normal distribution. A graphic logarithmic transformation is de-scribed which permits rapid calculation of approximate values for the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Statistical parameters calculated by this method show good agreement with known physical conditions in the terranes studied and are precise enough for use as a mea-sure of variability of quality of ground waters for national planning purposes.
New temperature-sensing approach based on temperature shift of effective cutoff wavelength

A new approach for temperature sensing between 20 - 300 degree(s)C using a single mode fiber with a depressed cladding is presented. The effective cutoff wavelength (780 nm) is a linear function of temperature for this fiber because of the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between the core and cladding. Consequently, the attenuation coefficient in the region of the cutoff wavelength is linearly dependent upon temperature. The advantage of this sensor is that the sensing wavelength may be selected between 600 - 780 nm.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Postnatal development of the cholecystokinin innervation of monkey prefrontal cortex

Although the structure and function of primate prefrontal cortex undergo substantial modifications during postnatal development, relatively little is known about the maturation of neurotransmitter systems in these cortical regions. In the primate brain, cholecystokinin is present in the greatest concentrations in prefrontal regions. Thus, in this study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the postnatal development of the cholecystokinin innervation of monkey prefrontal cortex. In animals aged 4 days through adult, cholecystokinin immunoreactivity was present in nonpyramidal neurons that appeared to represent at least two distinct cell types. The most common type was a vertically oval bitufted neuron, located in layers II-superficial III, which typically had a radially descending axon that gave rise to short collaterals in layer IV. Another frequently observed cell type was a larger multipolar neuron located in the superficial half of layer III. The axon of these neurons branched locally in the vicinity of the cell body. The greatest density of cholecystokinin-containing neurons and processes was present in monkeys less than 1 month of age. The density of immunoreactive structures in every prefrontal region then progressively declined with increasing age, with the most marked changes occurring during the first postnatal year. As a result, the density of labeled neurons in adult monkeys was less than one-third of that in neonatal monkeys. However, labeled structures were significantly more dense in some ventromedial and orbital regions than in dorsal regions of the prefrontal cortex in neonatal, but not in older animals. In all animals, cholecystokinin-containing neurons were present in highest density in layers II-superficial III, and labeled terminal fields were observed in layers II, IV, and VI. In animals less than 1 month of age, fascicles of radial fibers traversed through layers III and V, whereas in animals 1 to 3 months of age, individual radial fibers rather than fiber bundles were present in layers III and V. In addition, immunoreactive pericellular arrays, which appeared to surround unlabeled nonpyramidal cells, were present in layers V and VI and the subcortical white matter in the youngest monkeys. Although many aspects of the cholecystokinin innervation of monkey prefrontal cortex remain constant during postnatal life, the distinct developmental changes in the cholecystokinin innervation of these regions suggest that it may play an important role in the maturation of the cortical circuitry that mediates the acquisition of certain cognitive abilities. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preservation of Myocardial Structure Is Enhanced by Pim-1 Engineering of Bone Marrow Cells

Rationale:Bone marrow–derived cells to treat myocardial injury improve cardiac function and support beneficial cardiac remodeling. However, survival of stem cells is limited due to low proliferation of transferred cells. Objective:To demonstrate long-term potential of c-kit+ bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) enhanced with Pim-1 kinase to promote positive cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results:Lentiviral modification of c-kit+ BMCs to express Pim-1 (BMCeP) increases proliferation and expression of prosurvival proteins relative to BMCs expressing green fluorescent protein (BMCe). Intramyocardial delivery of BMCeP at time of infarction supports improvements in anterior wall dimensions and prevents left ventricle dilation compared with hearts treated with vehicle alone. Reduction of the akinetic left ventricular wall was observed in BMCeP-treated hearts at 4 and 12 weeks after infarction. Early recovery of cardiac function in BMCeP-injected hearts facilitated modest improvements in hemodynamic function up to 12 ...
A quantitative-trait locus controlling peripheral B-cell deficiency maps to mouse Chromosome 15

Peripheral B-lymphocyte homeostasis is determined through incompletely defined positive and negative regulatory processes. The A/WySnJ mouse, but not the related A/J strain, has disturbed homeostasis leading to peripheral B-lymphocyte deficiency. B lymphopoeisis is normal in A/WySnJ mice, but the B cells apoptose rapidly in the periphery. This B cell-intrinsic defect segregated as a single locus, Bcmd, in (A/WySnJ×A/J)F2 mice. Here we mapped a quantitative-trait locus (QTL) that contributes to the A/WySnJ B-cell deficiency by examining the F2 progeny of a cross between strains A/WySnJ and CAST/Ei. In this cross, minimally 1.9 QTLs controlling peripheral B lymphocyte deficiency segregated. The (A/WySnJ×CAST/Ei)F2 mice were phenotyped for splenic B-cell percentage and the DNA from progeny with extreme phenotypes was used to map the QTL by the simple-sequence length polymorphism method. A genome scan showed linkage between peripheral B-cell deficiency and Chromosome (Chr) 15 markers. When closely spaced Chr 15 markers were analyzed, the 99% confidence interval for the QTL map position extended along the entire chromosome length. The peak lod scores >17 occurred between 30 and 45 cM. We conclude that a significant QTL segregating in (A/WySnJ×CAST/Ei)F2 mice resides in this middle region of Chr 15.
Solvent Influence on the Orthogonality of Noncovalently Functionalized Terpolymers

Poly(norbornene) terpolymers containing palladated sulfur-carbon-sulfur (SCS) pincer complexes, cyanuric acid, and thymine moieties in their side-chains were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Functionalization of the terpolymers was achieved by self-assembling (i) the Hamilton wedge to the cyanuric acid receptor, (ii) diaminopyridine to the thymine receptor, and (iii) pyridine to the palladated pincer complexes. While all three noncovalent interactions are fully orthogonal to each other in dichloromethane, the employment of a dioxane/chloroform solvent mixture results in the quantitative disassembly of one of the hydrogen bonding recognition units (the Hamilton wedge:cyanuric acid pair) during the metal-coordination event. This disassembly is completely independent from the diaminopyridine: thymine hydrogen-bonding pair and allows for the selective removal of one of the side-chain functionalities. This removal occurs with a switch-type mechanism: as one functionality is put on (the pyridine), another one (the Hamilton-wedge receptor) is taken off quantitatively.
The Contribution of Understanding Academic Vocabulary to Answering Comprehension Questions.

This study was designed to investigate whether the vocabulary of written comprehension questions is an independent factor in determining students' reading comprehension performance. The factors controlled were reader characteristics, text characteristics, and question-text-answer relationships. Sets of matched comprehension questions differing only in type of vocabulary (academic vs. everyday) were answered by 106 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students. Subjects' scores on the ITBS meaning vocabulary subtest and an informal measure of academic vocabulary knowledge were also collected. Differences between means indicated that academic vocabulary in comprehension questions significantly decreased question-answering performance. To shed additional light on this decrease, a series of simple, multiple, and semipartial correlations between vocabulary measures and comprehension question scores were computed. These correlations consistently supported the interpretation that differences in terminology between the matched sets of questions accounted for the difference in performance on the questions. Possible directions for further research and implications for practice are discussed. Reading comprehension is multifaceted. What individuals derive from reading a passage is affected by reader characteristics such as prior knowledge and disposition to learn, passage characteristics such as text structure and conceptual density, and social dynamics such as cultural norms and instructional patterns. However, comprehension is not the same just because readers, passages, and social situations are similar. Comprehension tasks also matter. Tasks consist of the goals students seek and the work that is required to meet them. The task students complete with a passage affects their comprehension of it
NF-kappa B as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.

NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates numerous physiological functions, and that is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In the nervous system there is evidence supporting a dual role of NF-κB in neurodegenerative diseases; activation of NF-κB in neurons promotes their survival, whereas activation in glial and immune cells mediates pathological inflammatory processes. The reason for such a dichotomy lies in the complexity of the NF-κB system. Emerging research has begun to dissect the pathways leading to the activation of the different NF-κB proteins, and the gene targets of NF-κB, in cells of the nervous system. In this article the authors discuss recent findings concerning the roles of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, and its potential as a pharmaceutical target for these disorders.
Ultrawide bandwidth serial-search multi-dwell acquisition-Part II: System considerations

This paper quantifies the performance of ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) serial-search multi-dwell receivers operating in Nakagami-m fading channels. In particular, the receiver employs a bank of correlators with optimal detection thresholds. The mean acquisition time is given as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for different search strategies and numbers of correlators. The numerical results show that the improvement in acquisition performance from using intelligent serial search strategies is consistent with the analytical bounds derived in the companion paper for arbitrary fading channels.
ritual killing, 419, and fast wealth: inequality and the popular imagination in southeastern Nigeria

In this article, I situate a seemingly fantastic series of events in Nigeria in a context that renders them meaningful and acknowledges their intimate connection to everyday issues of wealth, power, and inequality. Focusing on popular stories of the occult circulating in the wake of a widely publicized case of ritual killing, I argue that these stories depict popular discontent over inequality, but also Nigerians' ambivalence about and critical awareness of their own role in maintaining patron-clientism. [Nigeria, patronage, inequality, witchcraft]
Decapping the message: a beginning or an end

Removal of the mRNA 5′ cap is an important step in the regulation of mRNA stability. mRNAs are degraded by at least two distinct exonucleolytic decay pathways, one from the 5′ end, and the second from the 3′ end. Two major cellular decapping enzymes have been identified, and each primarily functions in one of the two decay pathways. The Dcp2 decapping enzyme utilizes capped mRNA as substrate and hydrolyses the cap to release m 7 GDP (N7-methyl GDP), while a scavenger decapping enzyme, DcpS, utilizes cap dinucleotides or capped oligonucleotides as substrate and releases m 7 GMP (N7-methyl GMP). In this review, we will highlight the function of different decapping enzymes and their role in mRNA turnover.
On the invertibility of the morphological representation of binary images

We investigate the invertibility of the morphological representation of binary images. A criteria for the invertibility of the morphological representation of binary images is proposed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the exact reconstruction of a binary image from its morphological representation are provided. >
Effect of Street Network Design on Walking and Biking

The objective of this research was to investigate whether a relationship existed between street network characteristics and the transportation modes selected in a neighborhood. Factors such as street characteristics, vehicle volumes, activity levels, income levels, and proximity to limited-access highways and the downtown area were controlled for. The results suggested that all three of the fundamental characteristics of a street network—street connectivity, street network density, and street patterns—were statistically significant in affecting the choice to drive, walk, bike, or take transit. Both increased intersection density and additional street connectivity were generally associated with more walking, biking, and transit use. Street patterns with gridded street networks, which tended to have a higher-than-average street connectivity and a much higher street network density, were associated with much more walking and biking. These results suggested that street network patterns were extremely importan...
Fly wing vein patterns have spatial reproducibility of a single cell.

Developmental processes in multicellular organisms occur in fluctuating environments and are prone to noise, yet they produce complex patterns with astonishing reproducibility. We measure the left–right and inter-individual precision of bilaterally symmetric fly wings across the natural range of genetic and environmental conditions and find that wing vein patterns are specified with identical spatial precision and are reproducible to within a single-cell width. The early fly embryo operates at a similar degree of reproducibility, suggesting that the overall spatial precision of morphogenesis in Drosophila performs at the single-cell level. Could development be operating at the physical limit of what a biological system can achieve?
Location and Land Tenure

Abstract The Thunen model of agricultural land use is employed as a basis for developing the spatial implications of models of farm tenure choice. Major predictions are that cash rental should increase relative to both owner operation and sharecropping closer to markets. Data for United States counties from 1880 are used to test the predictions. The predicted spatial patterns are found and appear to derive from the hypothesized behavior.
New Statistical Model for Variability of Aerosol Optical Thickness: Theory and Application to MODIS Data over Ocean*

A novel model for the variability in aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is presented. This model is based on the consideration of AOT fields as realizations of a stochastic process, that is the exponent of an underlying Gaussian process with a specific autocorrelation function. In this approach AOT fields have lognormal PDFs and structure functions having the correct asymptotic behavior at large scales. The latter is an advantage compared with fractal (scale-invariant) approaches. The simple analytical form of the structure function in the proposed model facilitates its use for the parameterization of AOT statistics derived from remote sensing data. The new approach is illustrated using a year-long global MODIS AOT dataset (over ocean) with 10 km resolution. It was used to compute AOT statistics for sample cells forming a grid with 5° spacing. The observed shapes of the structure functions indicated that in a large number of cases the AOT variability is split into two regimes that exhibit different patterns of behavior: small-scale stationary processes and trends reflecting variations at larger scales. The small-scale patterns are suggested to be generated by local aerosols within the marine boundary layer, while the large-scale trends are indicative of elevated aerosols transported from remote continental sources. This assumption is evaluated by comparison of the geographical distributions of these patterns derived from MODIS data with those obtained from the GISS GCM. This study shows considerable potential to enhance comparisons between remote sensing datasets and climate models beyond regional mean AOTs.
The Importance of the RAS Interacting with the HGF/C-Met Receptor System in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The classic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is described as a circulating hormone system with primary roles in the regulation of blood pressure, body water balance and thirst and control over vasopressin and aldosterone release. Recently local tissue RASs have been identified with regulatory physiological functions and also with pathophysiological processes including fibrosis, inflammation and dysfunctional cell proliferation. There is a strong correlation between organs vulnerable to diabetic–induced hyperglycemic injury (eg. kidney and retina) and the over activation of local RASs. Increased angiotensin II concentrations in these tissues promotes hypertension and end-organ damage in at least two ways: 1) By activating AT 1 receptor proteins thus inducing changes in local blood flow and tissue hydration and 2) Exacerbating hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress, elevated polyol and hexosamine pathway variability and facilitating glycation end-products. Thus, inhibition of the RAS has become an important treatment approach to control diabetic related hypertension, nephropathy and to a lesser extent retinopathy. The present review emphasizes the recently established importance of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met receptor system interacting with the RAS in Type 2 diabetes and their likely contribution to end-organ damage. A hypothesis is offered concerning how the pancreatic RAS may affect dimerization of HGF and in turn activation of the c-Met receptor to promote β cell proliferation and insulin synthesis. We conclude with details concerning the
Parallel Efficiency in Implicit Multiblock, Multigrid Simulations, with Application to Submarine Maneuvering

Large-scale complex flow simulations require substantial parallel computing resources. The present paper addresses some considerations of parallel efficiency in connection with an iterative implicit multiblock, multigrid algorithm for unsteady incompressible viscous flows. The algorithm is an implicit finite-volume Roe/ MUSCL spatial approximation, combined with discrete state-variable flux linearization, nonlinear multigrid iteration at each time step, and scalable concurrency introduced by a block-Jacobi LU/SGS iteration at each multigrid level. Semi-empirical performance estimates for parallel CPU, memory and cost efficiencies are described for an MPI implementation of this algorithm on existing and hypothetical computing platforms. These estimates are used to develop scalability and efficiency predictions in the form of performance landscapes for both memory-constrained sizeup and constant-problem-size scaleup modes. The estimates include parameters such as MPI software bandwidth and architecturespecific software tuning. These results indicate that the method is scalable in a practical sense for large-scale problems. Recently computed results illustrating a large-scale simulation for a submarine maneuver are given, specifically, a rising maneuver induced by a prescribed motion of sailplane appendages.
Morphology: Quantitative Features of the Siliceous Cell Coat

Over 10,000 images from more than 2,000 SEM micrographs were traced using a digitizer in order to determine the morphometric dimensions of scale, bristle and cell characters for individual taxa. In addition, numerous measurements of cells were made directly from LM and SEM preparations. Results are presented here for 36 taxa for which sufficient data were available. Although results for each taxon are given, the discussion will focus primarily on relationships between organisms. The main objective is to present a comparison of the quantitative characteristics of scales, bristles and cells which in turn offer an additional tool for discriminating between taxa.
How Professional Writing Pedagogy and University–Workplace Partnerships Can Shape the Mentoring of Workplace Writing:

This article analyzes literature on university–workplace partnerships and professional writing pedagogy to suggest best practices for workplace mentors to mentor new employees and their writing. The article suggests that new employees often experience cultural confusion due to (a) the transfer of education-based writing strategies and (b) the employees' lack of cultural knowledge of the new workplace. The article then outlines implied mentoring strategies based upon this transfer and lack of cultural knowledge. The article also analyzes the literature on discourse community theory, activity theory, service learning, and internships, each of which also imply potential mentoring practices. These comprehensive best practices are also contextualized through social cognitive, community–cultural, and motivational–attitudinal components that writing mentors should consider when mentoring writing in the workplace.
Meet the “Workwife”

PLACE. The literature has been deluged with statistical research, advice and discussion of the changes in the work environment, e.g., equal pay, equal job opportunity, legal rights, absentee rates, tenure, turnover and mobility. A very important dimension of this phenomenon has received less emphasis. This is the impact on consumer behavior of nearly one-half of the female population, who not only have new needs, but also less than half of the time to satisfy them.
Perineural dexamethasone with subsartorial saphenous nerve blocks in ACL reconstruction.

Subsartorial saphenous nerve blockade (SSNB) is an effective analgesic alternative to femoral nerve blockade after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone-tendon-bone (BTB) autograft. It was hypothesized that dexamethasone in a SSNB will prolong analgesia, improve pain and satisfaction, and reduce postoperative opioid requirements and side effects. One hundred ninety-five patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft (ages 16–65) were enrolled. Subjects received SSNB with 13 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine (control group), 1 mg preservative-free dexamethasone +0.5 % bupivacaine (treatment group I), or 4 mg preservative-free dexamethasone +0.5 % bupivacaine (treatment group II). Subjects received identical perioperative management. On postoperative days 1 and 2, subjects reported perceived block duration, pain scores, satisfaction, opioid use, and side effects. Cox-proportional hazards modelling was used to compare block duration, adjusting for body mass index, age, sex, tourniquet time, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and intravenous dexamethasone dose. Patient-perceived block duration was significantly increased in treatment group I [hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval [CI]) 0.48 (0.31–0.75); P = 0.001] and treatment group II (hazard ratio (95 % CI): 0.52 (0.33–0.81); P = 0.004) compared to control. The block was extended from a median (95 % CI) of 33.1 (28.4–37.3) to 41.2 (32.4–50.9) and 46.5 (35.8–48.9) hours, respectively. Additionally, patients in treatment group II reported increased time that block provided pain relief, higher patient satisfaction, lower pain scores at rest, and decreased drowsiness and confusion. The addition of 1 and 4 mg of dexamethasone to the block injectate significantly increased SSNB duration by 8–13 h compared to control. Therapeutic study, level 1.
A Recommendation Engine Using Apache Spark

The volume of structured and unstructured data has grown at exponential scale in recent days. As a result of this rapid data growth, we are always inundated with plethora of choices in any product or service. It is very natural to get lost in the amazon of such choices and finding hard to make decisions. The project aims at addressing this problem by using entity recommendation. The two main aspects that the project concentrates on are implementing and presenting more accurate entity recommendations to the user and another is dealing with vast amount of data. The project aims at presenting recommendation results according to user’s query with efficiency and accuracy. Project makes use of ListNet ranking algorithm to rank the recommendation results. Query independent features and query dependent features are used to come up with ranking scores. Ranking scores decide the order in which the recommendation results are presented to the user. Project makes use of Apache Spark, a distributed bigdata processing framework. Spark gives the advantage of handling iterative and interactive algorithms with efficiency and minimal processing time as compared to traditional mapreduce paradigm. We performed the experiments for recommendation engine using DBPedia as the dataset and tested the results for movie domain. We used both queryindependent (pagerank) and querydependent (clicklogs) features for ranking purposes. We observed that ListNet algorithm performs really well by making use of Apache Spark as the RDDs provide faster way for iterative algorithms to execute. We also observed that the results of recommendation engine are accurate and the entities are well ranked.
Growth of Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae in Reconditioned Wastewater

Many food-processing plants are looking to increase the use of reconditioned water beyond the currently approved uses for initial cleaning (vegetables) and scalding water (meat and poultry). The preliminary survey showed that the reconditioned water from a local meat plant could support bacterial growth. The growth potential of Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae (starting level of 3 to 4 log CFU/ml) in the reconditioned wastewater from this plant (with and without added thiosulfate) was studied at temperatures from 5 to 42°C. Bioassays for the assimilable organic carbon and coliform growth response suggest that this reconditioned water contained sufficient nutrients to support bacterial growth. Both pathogens grew in the unchlorinated reconditioned and chlorinated reconditioned water containing 10 mg of sodium thiosulfate per ml to neutralize the residual chlorine. Cell counts declined rapidly in chlorinated water without thiosulfate. The results of this study emphasized the importance of maintaining residual chlorine levels (0.2 mg/liter) in both reconditioned and potable waters to prevent pathogen growth.
Waves in disordered media

The propagation of waves in disordered media is considered. Examples are provided by sound waves in materials of randomly varying composition or in turbulent fluids or electromagnetic waves in materials with randomly varying dielectric constant. The nature of the states at a given frequency is determined by studying the diffusion of the energy associated with the wave. In one and two dimensions diffusion vanishes at large distances leading to the conclusion that all states are localized. Above two dimensions a mobility edge in the diffusivity exists showing the existence of extended states at low frequencies and localized states at high frequencies. Phonon localization lengths are derived.
Chiral separations by capillary electrophoresis

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses Capillary electrophoresis as one of the most effective and versatile analytical methods for chiral separations. Electrophoresis involves the separation of charged species under the influence of an electric field. The rapid development of capillary electrophoresis as an analytical tool for chiral, as well as achiral separations has benefited tremendously from the extensive knowledge base generated over decades in the application of classical electrophoretic methods (for example isoelectric focusing, SDS-PAGE on slab gels) to the separation of biopolymers. The assorted native and derivatized cyclodextrins remains as the most commonly used chiral additives; there is a large variety of alternative chiral additives that have also been reported, thus providing the analyst with a wide range of choices for a particular application. The number of potential interaction sites for most chiral selectors obscures the prediction of likely selectors, conditions and migration order for a particular separation. However, awareness of the requirements for chiral recognition, coupled with a basic understanding of capillary electrophoretic processes and familiarity with the vast published empirical database, greatly enhances the probability of success.
Propranolol therapy for Tardive dyskinesia: A retrospective examination.

Abstract Objective To examine the tolerability and effectiveness of propranolol in treating tardive dyskinesia (TD). Background TD is a disabling, often irreversible, movement disorder that results from chronic therapy with dopamine receptor blocking drugs. There are no treatments currently approved for this disorder. Propranolol, a β-adrenergic blocker, has been reported to alleviate TD in case series and reports. Methods Retrospective database search of the Emory movement disorder clinic for TD patients treated with propranolol. All patients identified with at least one follow-up evaluation had records reviewed and responsiveness assessed. Logistic regression analysis examined for predictors of response. Results Forty-seven patients were analyzed, mean age 63 years. Neuroleptics were discontinued in all patients and duration of TD at the time propranolol was initiated 17 months. Mean severity of TD, based on a 0–3 scale (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) was 2.2. Mean response, based on a 0–3 scale (0 = no response, 1 = mild response, 2 = moderate response, 3 = complete or near-complete response) was 1.4. Propranolol resulted in improvement in 64% and 77% of those had a moderate to complete or near-complete response. Mean daily dose was 69 mg and duration of therapy 14 months. Three patients stopped the propranolol due to adverse effects: hypotension (2), nightmares (1). Severity of TD and duration of propranolol therapy were associated with response. Conclusion Low dose propranolol appears to be well tolerated and effective in treating TD. A prospective randomized trial is warranted.
The “Heart” of Cardiology: an Imaginary Conversation with Bernard Lown

While I was preparing this volume with Angelo Compare and Gianfranco Parati and I was also asking some major international experts for a collaboration with several chapters which make up this book, I felt the need to include the human dimension, some relational and emotive aspects in the treatment of the cardiac patient, together with the technical-scientific dimension, produced by research in psycho-cardiology.
A Brief History of Bosnia and Bosnian Education—Brotherhood and Unity

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) offers a unique opportunity to look at how education evolves and adapts within the context of massive state-building efforts in a still ethnically divided society. This book will provide information on and analysis of the development of BiH’s education sector to more effectively invest recovery and development funds in the future and to chronicle the unique story of Bosnian education. The book specifically examines the history of Bosnia and Bosnian education, post-conflict and post-socialist education, the governance structures of the Dayton Peace Accords (DPA), the divided nature of education in BiH, the involvement of international community (IC) in education, teacher education, and higher education reform. The findings offer an informative and descriptive case study for policymakers in the IC. The story of Bosnian Education is important because the issues faced by BiH will be and have been ‘encountered in many countries, nations, and cultures, and various more or less successful solutions have been formed’ (Pasalic-Kreso, 2002, p. 8).
Proceedings of the ISEV symposium on “HIV, NeuroAIDS, drug abuse & EVs”

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are globular, membrane bound nanovesicles (30–100 nm range) that are shed both during normal cellular functioning and under pathological conditions by most cell types. In recent years, there has been significant interest in the study of these vesicles as conduits for the delivery of information between cells from both analogous and disparate tissues. Their ability to carry specialised cargo including signalling mediators, proteins, messenger RNA and miRNAs characterises these vesicles as primary facilitators of cell-to-cell communication and regulation. EVs have also been demonstrated to play important roles in the field of cancer biology and metastasis. However, significant knowledge gaps exist in the role these vesicles play in the context of HIV infection and drug abuse. To foster discussion in this area a satellite symposium on “HIV, NeuroAIDS, Drug Abuse & EVs”, was held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles...
Redox sensing properties of the ryanodine receptor complex.

The release mechanism regulating SR Ca2+ homeostasis is significantly more sensitive than the uptake mechanisms. The exquisite sensitivity exhibited by ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ channel complexes (i.e., ryanodine receptors, RyRs) to functional perturbation by chemically diverse sulfhydryl-modifying compounds can include phases of activation and inhibition that are dependent on the concentration of the reagent used, the length of exposure, and the nature of the chemical reaction the reagent undertakes with sulfhydryl groups. However the exquisite sensitivity of RyR function to sulfhydryl modification has been generally viewed as significant only in pathophysiological processes. The present paper addresses possible physiological importance of the redox sensing properties of the ryanodine receptor complexes (RyRs) and proposes an underlying mechanism. New data is presented that directly measure the pKa of hyperreactive thiols that occur when the closed conformation of the RyR channel complex is assumed, and that appear to be an integral component of the redox sensor.
High Speed Magnetoresistive Memories

In order for a new memory technology to be successful in the general commercial market, it needs to not only provide additional features, but it also must be cost effective. For the present day computer hardware environment, this requires that the technology exploit the billions of dollars that have been invested in silicon technology. It also requires that the new technology have the capability of scaling as the minimum feature size in production lithography continues to diminish. Table 10.1 shows the continuing reduction in feature size for integrated circuits and the anticipated reduction in size in the future as projected by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC).
Initial analysis of archived non-human primate frontal and rear impact data from the biodynamics data resource.

Objective: The research objective was to conduct an initial analysis of non-human primate (NHP) data from frontal and rear impact events archived in the Biodynamics Data Resource (BDR) records of t...