cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of irrigation scheduling program and spring wheat yield response in southwestern Colorado

Abstract Effective irrigation scheduling to manage water for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in southwestern Colorado was investigated under variable water applications. This study was conducted (1) to determine the effects of varying rates of water replacement (0ET, 0.33ET, 0.67ET, 10ET, and 1.33ET) on spring wheat grain yield, dry matter yield, root water uptake, and water use efficiency, (2) to develop local crop coefficients, and (3) to evaluate the irrigation scheduling program called ‘SCHED’ that had been used in the area. Daily weather data was used to calculate reference ET using the Penman equation. Crop ET was predicted by using the irrigation scheduling program, ‘SCHED’. Both grain yield and dry matter increased significantly with the increase in water application rates, up to LOET application rate. Crop coefficients estimated at various water application rates were greater than the values used in the irrigation scheduling program. Total water use efficiency (TWUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) for grain yield were considerably greater at 0.33ET than for other rates, whereas TWUE and IWUE for dry matter yield followed the order 0.33ET > LOET > 0.67ET > 1.33ET > 0ET.
Neurons expressing 5-HT2 receptors in the rat brain: neurochemical identification of cell types by immunocytochemistry.

Neurons Expressing 5-HT 2 Receptors in the Rat Brain: Neurochemical Identification of Cell Types by Immunocytochemistry
SOCIAL COMPETITION: IDENTIFYING NEW PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR TASK MOTIVATION

Competition is a prominent topic of discussion among academics and practitioners; yet the relevant literatures in management and psychology lack a consistent definition to describe this phenomenon. Consequently, much of the mixed results concerning competition's impact on attitudes and performance might be due to conceptual differences about the construct. A survey administered in a laboratory setting demonstrated individuals perceive different types of competition, and these different types had different impacts on attitudes and behavior. One type of competition identified here, the opportunity for informal competition, draws from a vast literature in social psychology—using social comparisons to evaluate performance. These results support broadening the definition of competition and expanding future research investigation efforts. Informal social competition can potentially benefit efforts to effectively direct and enhance motivation.
An analogue of substance P with broad receptor antagonist activity

[DPro4,DTrp7,9,10]Substance P-4-11 functions as a substance P receptor antagonist in several different systems. Because some analogues of substance P can function as receptor antagonists for bombesin as well as substance P, we tested [DPro4,DTrp7,9,10]substance P-4-11 for its ability to modify the interaction of various pancreatic secretagogues with their receptors in dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. [DPro4,DTrp7,9,19]Substance P-4-11 did not stimulate amylase secretion and did not alter the stimulation of amylase secretion caused by secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide or carbachol, but did inhibit the stimulation of amylase secretion caused by substance P, bombesin or cholecystokinin. With substance P, bombesin and cholecystokinin, [DPro4,DTrp7,9,10]substance P-4-11 caused a parallel rightward shift in the dose-response curve for stimulation of amylase secretion with no change in the maximal response. Schild plots of these results gave straight lines with slopes that were not significantly different from unity. [DPro4,DTrp7,9,10]Substance P-4-11 inhibited binding of 125I-labeled substance P, 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin and 125I-cholecystokinin octapeptide over the same range of concentrations as that in which it inhibited biologic activity of each of these peptides. Half-maximal inhibition of binding of 125I-substance P occurred with 4 microM, of 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin with 17 microM and of 125I-cholecystokinin octapeptide with 5 microM. With each radiolabeled peptide the value of Ki for inhibition of binding by [DPro4,DTrp7,9,10]substance P-4-11 was not significantly different from the corresponding value of Ki calculated from the appropriate Schild plot. The present results indicate that [DPro4,DTrp7,9,10]substance P-4-11 is a competitive antagonist at receptors for substance P, for bombesin and for cholecystokinin. Thus, these receptors must share a common peptide recognition mechanism even though they interact with agonists that have no obvious structural similarity.
Hodgkin's disease: unfolding concepts concerning its nature, management and prognosis.

The evolution of our concepts concerning the fundamental nature and natural history of Hodgkin's disease is reviewed. Recent evidence establishes that it is indeed a malignant neoplasm, albeit a curious one, the giant cells of which display aneuploid karyotypes, often with marker chromosomes indicating their clonal derivation, and the functional and surface marker properties of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series. The disease tends initially to spread by contiguity from one lymph node chain to others with which direct lymphatic channel communications exist. Essentially all patients, even those with limited disease, have some degree of impairment of cell-mediated immunity, apparently due to inhibition of T-lymphocyte function. Lymphangiography, computed tomography, and laparotomy with splenectomy have greatly improved the accuracy of clinical staging. Total lymphoid megavoltage radiotherapy and/or multidrug combination chemotherapy now permit the eradication of disease of all stages, resulting in a dramatic improvement in prognosis and an increasing frequency of permanent cure of this once inevitably fatal condition.
CORRELATIONS OF SPLITTING AND PHOBIC ANXIETY WITH DREAMING

Dream characteristics of 28 women from a graduate counseling program were correlated with measures of phobic anxiety, splitting, and sleepiness. Significant correlations between splitting and recur...
Proton-coupled electron transfer chemistry of hangman macrocycles: Hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions

The splitting of water into its constituent elements is an important solar fuels conversion reaction for the storage of renewable energy. For each of the half reactions of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), multiple protons and electrons must be coupled to avoid high-energy intermediates. To understand the mechanistic details of the PCET chemistry that underpins HER and OER, we have designed hangman porphyrin and corrole catalysts. In these hangman constructs, a pendant acid/base functionality within the secondary coordination sphere is "hung" above the macrocyclic redox platform on which substrate binds. The two critical thermodynamic properties of a PCET event, the redox potential and pKa may be tuned with the macrocycle and hanging group, respectively. This review outlines the synthesis of these catalysts, as well as the examination of the PCET kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen evolution by the hangman catalysts. The insights provided by these systems provide a guide for the design of future HER and OER catalysts that use a secondary coordination sphere to manage PCET.
The intermolecular potential for nitrogen

Abstract The site—site Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential is found to fit both the second virial coefficient and the liquid properties (thermodynamic, structure, and dynamical) for nitrogen; the same is true for oxygen. This suggests that the effect of the three-body forces in these liquids is small, in contrast to the situation for atomic liquids.
Managing Labor Migration: Philippine State Policy and International Migration Flows, 1969–2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the state in international labor migration. Recent conceptualizations of the state have concentrated on receiving states, placing their actio...
A Federal Health Service Corps

The National Health Service Corps (NHSC) scholarship program is a moribund child. The month of its death is predictable. In June of 1985 the small group of medical students who obtained NHSC scholarships as first-year students in 1981 will graduate — barring a few stragglers and dropouts — and the National Health Service Corps scholarship program will expire at the age of 11 years. Only a handful of medical students obtained new NHSC scholarships this year. Being in exceptional financial need, they qualified for a last burst of new scholarships issued with unspent funds carried over from the previous fiscal . . .
A numerical model of the zonal mean circulation of the middle atmosphere

The annual cycle of the zonally averaged circulation in the middle atmosphere (16–96 km) is simulated using a numerical model based on the primitive equations in log pressure coordinates. The circulation is driven radiatively by heating due to solar ultraviolet absorption by ozone and infrared cooling due to carbon dioxide and ozone (parameterized as a Newtonian cooling). Since eddy fluxes due to planetary waves are neglected in the model, the computed mean meridional circulation must be interpreted as thediabatic circulation, not as the total eulerian mean. Rayleigh friction with a short (2–4 day) time constant above 70 km is included to simulate the strong mechanical dissipation which is hypothesized to exist in the vicinity of the mesopause due to turbulence associated with gravity waves and tides near the mesopause. Computed mean winds and temperatures are in general agreement with observations for both equinox and solstice conditions. In particular, the strong mechanical damping specified near the mesopause makes it possible to simulate the cold summer and warm winter mesopause temperatures without generating excessive mean zonal winds. In addition, the model exhibits a strong semiannual cycle in the mean zonal wind at the equator, with both amplitude and vertical structure in agreement with the easterly phase of the observed equatorial semiannual oscillation.
One-pion-exchange exchange effects in few-nucleon systems☆

Abstract Exchange effects in 2 H and 3 He, induced by a one-pion exchange potential between quarks, are investigated in the context of a QCD-like potential model. For reasonable nucleon-quark core sizes and πqq vertices such that the pion plays a non-neglible role in nucleon structure, these effects are found to be repulsive and of a magnitude significant on the scale of nuclear binding.
An Alternative Route for UDP-Diacylglucosamine Hydrolysis in Bacterial Lipid A Biosynthesis

The outer leaflet of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria is composed primarily of lipid A, the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccharide. Like Escherichia coli, most Gram-negative bacteria encode one copy of each of the nine genes required for lipid A biosynthesis. An important exception exists in the case of the fourth enzyme, LpxH, a peripheral membrane protein that hydrolyzes UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine to form 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate and UMP by catalyzing the attack of water at the α-P atom. Many Gram-negative organisms, including all α-proteobacteria and diverse environmental isolates, lack LpxH. Here, we report a distinct UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphatase, designated LpxI, which has no sequence similarity to LpxH but generates the same products by a different route. LpxI was identified because its structural gene is located between lpxA and lpxB in Caulobacter crescentus. The lpxI gene rescues the conditional lethality of lpxH-deficient E. coli. Lysates of E. coli in which C...
Gait Analysis in Patients Operated on for Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Abstract Background Long-term follow-up of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is well established; however, little is known about the effects of extensive surgery in the pelvic and perineal region, which involves disruption of muscles providing maximal support in normal walking. Methods Thirteen patients operated on at birth for SCT with extensive muscle dissection underwent gait studies with a Vicon 3-D motion analysis system with 6 cameras. Results were compared with 15 age-matched controls. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney test; correlations were sought with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results All subjects were independent ambulators, and no statistically significant differences were seen in walking velocity and stride length. However, in all patients, toe-off occurred earlier (at 58% ± 1.82% of stride length) than controls (at 65.5% ± 0.52%; P P P Conclusions Patients operated on for SCT exhibit nearly normal gait patterns. However, this normal pattern is accompanied by abnormal kinetics of some ambulatory muscles, and the extent of these abnormalities appears to be independent of tumor size. A careful follow-up is warranted to verify if such modifications are stable or progress over the years, thereby impairing ambulatory potential or leading to early arthrosis.
Effects of online news forum on corporate reputation

Abstract This study tests the effects of online discussions about a company in an online news forum on people's perception of the corporate reputation of the company. The study is a 2 (tone of comments: negative versus positive) by 2 (number of comments: one versus five) factorial design experiment (n = 80). We found significant interaction effects between the two factors (tone versus number of comments) with regard to people's perception of the company's social responsiveness and employee treatment.
Density functional theory study of the adsorption of oxygen atoms on gold (111), (100) and (211) surfaces

The interaction of an oxygen atom with various gold surfaces was examined computationally using density functional theory. The relative binding energies for a range of possible adatom locations on each surface were obtained. The results demonstrated the relative importance of low-coordinated gold atoms to bind oxygen for a particular surface and a preference for three-fold adatom coordination over the two-fold and single-coordination sites. Pseudo-potential energy curves were obtained by following the calculated energy as a function of surface position. These general results provide a reference for the interaction of oxygen atoms with gold nanoparticles that may project faces similar to the surfaces studied here.
SAL-biased MR heads stabilized by canted permanent magnets

Abstract The design and fabrication of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) heads biased with a soft-adjacent layer (SAL), stabilized by canted permanent magnet (PM), have been investigated. MR linear response to AC writer current was observed. The response of bias point to DC writer current in overlaid head stronger than abutted head indicates that this MR response to writer is at two side-wings in overlaid head while at the track edges in abutted head. This MR response to writer current can be minimized for narrow track recording by adjusting magnetization angle and strength of PM, which is confirmed by full track scan and micro-track profiles.
CZT/NaI hybrid hand-held performance evaluation

New hybrid spectroscopic systems directly combine spectra from detectors with very different energy resolutions, accommodating standard analyses of the output hybrid spectrum. Hand-held hybrid systems consisting of a 0.5 cm3 cadmium zinc telluride detector combined with either a 1 cm3 NaI(Tl) scintillator mounted on a photomultiplier tube or a 1 cm3 CsI(Tl) mounted on a silicon photomultiplier were evaluated for performance by source measurements for a variety of acquisition times. Repeated 300 second background measurements were analyzed and found a small increase in false alarm rate for the hybrid combinations compared to the individual component detectors. Repeated measurements with a 100 μR/h 137Cs source and acquisition times of 5, 10, 30, 100, and 300 seconds were analyzed, with the results showing that hybridization significantly enhances peak detectability relative to the individual constituent detectors, especially at shorter times. At 5 and 10 seconds, the probability of detection was more than twice that of the individual components. The hybrid approach enables the consideration of a greater variety of measurement system solutions in terms of cost and performance.
Gastrografin Enemas for Treatment of Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome in Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Background : Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) presents in both children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). When DIOS is characterized by bilious vomiting or when washout therapy with polyethylene glycol has failed, radio-opaque hypertonic enema (ROHE) is recommended as the next therapeutic option. Techniques for use of ROHE in infants with meconium ileus are described in the literature but have not been reported for children and adults with DIOS. Methods : We described the technique, volume, and results of Gastrografin enema usage for DIOS in children and adults with CF at our institution between 2006 and 2011. We reviewed the incidence of DIOS reported to the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) between 2001 and 2011 Results : The mean amount of dilute Gastrografin used was 1220ml or 31 ml/kg, (range 240 - 3500ml; 19 – 59 ml/kg). Three patients had incomplete resolution after an initial enema and underwent repeat enemas on consecutive days. The incidence of DIOS in the CFFPR increased from 223 to 498 cases in children 18 years over the ten year period studied. Conclusions : Large volume radio-opaque hypertonic enemas can resolve episodes of acute DIOS and can be repeated on subsequent days if needed, without complications. The incidence of DIOS reported to the United States CF Foundation Patient Registry has increased in both children and adults over the past decade.
Clustering based online learning in recommender systems: A bandit approach

A big challenge for the design and implementation of large-scale online services is determining what items to recommend to their users. For instance, Netflix makes movie recommendations; Amazon makes product recommendations; and Yahoo! makes webpage recommendations. In these systems, items are recommended based on the characteristics and circumstances of the users, which are provided to the recommender as contexts (e.g., search history, time, and location). The task of building an efficient recommender system is challenging due to the fact that both the item space and the context space are very large. Existing works either focus on a large item space without contexts, large context space with small number of items, or they jointly consider the space of items and contexts together to solve the online recommendation problem. In contrast, we develop an algorithm that does exploration and exploitation in the context space and the item space separately, and develop an algorithm that combines clustering of the items with information aggregation in the context space. Basically, given a user's context, our algorithm aggregates its past history over a ball centered on the user's context, whose radius decreases at a rate that allows sufficiently accurate estimates of the payoffs such that the recommended payoffs converge to the true (unknown) payoffs. Theoretical results show that our algorithm can achieve a sublinear learning regret in time, namely the payoff difference of the oracle optimal benchmark, where the preferences of users on certain items in certain context are known, and our algorithm, where the information is incomplete. Numerical results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms (over 48%) the existing algorithms in terms of regret.
Influence of short-term aluminum exposure on demineralized bone matrix induced bone formation

The effects of aluminum exposure on bone formation employing the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) induced bone development model were studied using 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats injected with a saline (control) or an aluminum chloride (experimental) solution. After 2 weeks of aluminum treatment, 20-mg portions of rat DBM were implanted subcutaneously on each side in the thoracic region of the control and experimental rats. Animals were killed 7, 12, or 21 days after implantation of the DBM and the developing plaques removed. No morphological, histochemical, or biochemical differences were apparent between plaques from day 7 control and experimental rats. Plaques from day 12 control and experimental rats exhibited cartilage formation and alkaline phosphatase activity localized in osteochondrogenic cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and extracellular matrix. Unlike the plaques from control rats that contained many osteoblastic mineralizing fronts, the plaques from the 12-day experimental group had a preponderance of cartilaginous tissue, no evidence of mineralization, increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, and a reduced calcium content. Plaques developing for 21 days in control animals demonstrated extensive new bone formation and bone marrow development, while those in the experimental rats demonstrated unmineralized osteoid-like matrix with poorly developed bone marrow. Alkaline phosphatase activity of the plaques continued to remain high on day 21 for the control and experimental groups. Calcium levels were significantly reduced in the experimental group. These biochemical changes correlated with histochemical reductions in bone calcification. Thus, aluminum administration to rats appears to alter the differentiation and calcification of developing cartilage and bone in the DBM-induced bone formation model and suggests that aluminum by some mechanism alters the matrix calcification in growing bones.
Expression and phosphorylation of the AS160_v2 splice variant supports GLUT4 activation and the Warburg effect in multiple myeloma

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a fatal plasma cell malignancy exhibiting enhanced glucose consumption associated with an aerobic glycolytic phenotype (i.e., the Warburg effect). We have previously demonstrated that myeloma cells exhibit constitutive plasma membrane (PM) localization of GLUT4, consistent with the dependence of MM cells on this transporter for maintenance of glucose consumption rates, proliferative capacity, and viability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of constitutive GLUT4 plasma membrane localization in MM cells. Findings: We have elucidated a novel mechanism through which myeloma cells achieve constitutive GLUT4 activation involving elevated expression of the Rab-GTPase activating protein AS160_v2 splice variant to promote the Warburg effect. AS160_v2-positive MM cell lines display constitutive Thr642 phosphorylation, known to be required for inactivation of AS160 Rab-GAP activity. Importantly, we show that enforced expression of AS160_v2 is required for GLUT4 PM translocation and activation in these select MM lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of a full-length, phospho-deficient AS160 mutant is sufficient to impair constitutive GLUT4 cell surface residence, which is characteristic of MM cells. Conclusions: This is the first study to tie AS160 de-regulation to increased glucose consumption rates and the Warburg effect in cancer. Future studies investigating connections between the insulin/IGF-1/AS160_v2/GLUT4 axis and FDG-PET positivity in myeloma patients are warranted and could provide rationale for therapeutically targeting this pathway in MM patients with advanced disease.
ITtalks: a case study in the Semantic Web and DAML+OIL

Semantic Web markup languages will improve the automated gathering and processing of information and help integrate multiagent systems with the existing information infrastructure. The authors, describe their ITtalks system and discuss how Semantic Web concepts and DAML+OIL extend its ability to provide an intelligent online service.
Does sexual selection account for the conspicuous head dimorphism in the Midas cichlid

Abstract Nuchal humps, crests, combs, horns or gibbosities occur in the predorsal region of many kinds of bony fishes, usually on top of the head. The role of such humps, when dimorphic, has been suggested in a few instances but never tested. We explored the function of the nuchal hump in a Nicaraguan cichlid fish, ‘Cichlasoma’citrinellumIn nature, the male develops a modest hump only when ready to mate; it never becomes as large as in well-fed captive males. We entertained two sets of hypotheses, non-communicatory and communicatory, to explain the hump. Based on information about behaviour and natural history, we rejected the non-communicatory hypotheses, which were fat storage, mechanical advantage in a fight, improved hydrodynamics and anti-predation. Among the communicatory hypotheses, we favoured a supernormal-stimulus response, suggesting inter- and intra-sexual selection. We also considered recognition of sex and species, as indicated by a unimodal response by females or an inverse supernormal response by males. We tested these hypotheses by presenting to male and to female subjects four dummies whose nuchal humps varied from none to medium to large to huge. The results were interpreted in light of additional information about natural history. The hypothesis of sex recognition is the most parsimonious. If sexual selection is operating, it would be a unique case of conflicting sensory filters: one would favour an enlarged hump that indicates male fitness, opposed by another filter that discriminates against a yet larger hump that interferes with species recognition.
The effect of an acute ingestion of Turkish coffee on reaction time and time trial performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the ergogenic benefits of Turkish coffee consumed an hour before exercise. In addition, metabolic, cardiovascular, and subjective measures of energy, focus and alertness were examined in healthy, recreationally active adults who were regular caffeine consumers (>200 mg per day). Twenty males (n = 10) and females (n = 10), age 24.1 ± 2.9 y; height 1.70 ± 0.09 m; body mass 73.0 ± 13.0 kg (mean ± SD), ingested both Turkish coffee [3 mg · kg−1 BW of caffeine, (TC)], and decaffeinated Turkish coffee (DC) in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. Performance measures included a 5 km time trial, upper and lower body reaction to visual stimuli, and multiple object tracking. Plasma caffeine concentrations, blood pressure (BP), heart rate and subjective measures of energy, focus and alertness were assessed at baseline (BL), 30-min following coffee ingestion (30+), prior to endurance exercise (PRE) and immediately-post 5 km (IP). Metabolic measures [VO2, V E , and respiratory exchange rate (RER)] were measured during the 5 km. Plasma caffeine concentrations were significantly greater during TC (p 0.05) were noted in any of the other performance or metabolic measures. Acute ingestion of TC resulted in a significant elevation in plasma caffeine concentrations within 30-min of consumption. TC ingestion resulted in significant performance benefits in reaction time and an increase in subjective feelings of energy in habitual caffeine users. No significant differences were noted in time for the 5 km between trials, however 60 % of the participants performed the 5 km faster during the TC trial and were deemed responders. When comparing TC to DC in responders only, significantly faster times were noted when consuming TC compared to DC. No significant benefits were noted in measures of cognitive function.
Population structure, northern range limit, and recruitment variation in the intertidal limpet Lottia scabra

The northern range limit of the intertidal limpet Lottia scabra is Cape Arago, Oregon (43°N), where adult survival is excellent, the population is small ( 80 % of the individuals were solitary and may be unable to spawn successfully. Recruitment at Cape Arago was infrequent and likely due to self-recruitment. This study suggests that the range limit was set by the absence of M. pyrifera and too little rocky shore leading to high larval wastage, low settlement, low population densities, and, due to an Allee effect, very small effective population sizes.
Device optimization for digital sub-threshold operation

In this paper, we provide optimized transistor structures for digital sub-threshold circuit operation for ultra-low power applications. Results show that at 500 MHz operation, an inverter chain implemented using optimized transistors consumes as low as 2 times less power than circuits using standard transistors and operated in sub-threshold.
Critical Point Theory in Hilbert Space under Regular Boundary Conditions

Let R and R, be bounded open connected subsets of En with i? C R, where the bar denotes the closure operation. The boundary S of R is a suitable manifold. In the Morse theory of the critical points of a real valued function f(x) defined in R, one distinguishes “regular” and “general” boundary conditions with respect to R. In both cases it is required that no critical points of f(x) lie on S. In addition, the regular boundary condition requires that the vector field
The relationship of immediate post-abortal intrauterine device insertion to subsequent endometritis: A case-control study

A case-control study examining the risk for post-abortal endometritis in patients undergoing an immediate intrauterine device insertion after suction curettage for first trimester elective abortion was completed. The relative risk for endometritis in patients receiving the Dalkon Shield and Lippes Loop respectively was 0.56 and 0.33 when endometritis cases were matched with suitable controls. The significance of this finding and possible sources of bias are discussed.
A Diagnosis of the 1979-2005 Extreme Rainfall Events in the Southeastern United States with Isentropic Moisture Tracing

A detailed analysis is performed to better understand the interannual and subseasonal variability of moisture sources of major recent dry (1980, 1990, and 2000) and wet (1994, 2003, and 2005) June‐August (JJA) seasons in the southeastern United States. Wet (dry) JJAs show an increased (decreased) standard deviation of daily precipitation. Whereas most days during dry JJAs have little or no precipitation, wet JJAs contain more days with significant precipitation and a large increase of heavy (110 mm) precipitation days. At least two tropical cyclone/depression landfalls occur in the southeastern United States during wet JJAs, whereas none occur during dry JJAs. The trajectory analysis suggests significant local recycling of moisture, implying that land surface feedback has the potential to enhance (suppress) precipitation anomalies during a wet (dry) JJA. Remote moisture sources during heavy precipitation events are very similar between wet and dry JJAs. The distinction between wet and dry JJAs lies in the frequency of heavy precipitation events. During the wet JJAs, heavy precipitation events contribute to more than half of the JJA precipitation total.
Introduction: DNA damage and repair.

The concept that cancer may be induced by the interaction of a carcinogen with DNA is widely accepted, although it is becoming increasingly clear that some carcinogens do not interact with DNA to a detectable extent. The carcinogens have been classified into two broad categories, genotoxic and non-genotoxic or epigenetic. Genotoxic carcinogens damage DNA, whereas epigenetic or non-genotoxic carcinogens appear to operate by other mechanisms, such as chronic tissue injury, immunosuppression, solid-state effects, hormonal imbalance, cocarcinogenicity, and promotion (1). This presentation will be concerned only with agents that cause DNA damage and repair.
Historic variation of warm-season rainfall, Southern Colorado Plateau, Southwestern U.S.A.

Rainfall during the warm season (June 15–October 15) is the most important of the year in terms of flood generation and erosion in rivers of the southern Colorado Plateau. Fluvial erosion of the plateau decreased substantially in the 1930s to early 1940s, although the cause of this change has not been linked to variation of warm-season rainfall. This study shows that a decrease of warmseason rainfall frequency was coincident with and probably caused the decreased erosion by reducing the probability of large floods. Warm-season rainfall results from isolated thunderstorms associated with the Southwestern monsoon and from dissipating tropical cyclones and (or) cutoff low-pressure systems that produce widespread, general rainfall. Warm-season rainfall is typically normal to above normal during warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. A network of 24 long-term precipitation gages was used to develop an index of standardized rainfall anomalies for the southern Colorado Plateau for the period 1900–85. The index shows that the occurrence of anomalously dry years increased and the occurrence of anomalously wet years decreased after the early 1930s, although 1939–41, 1972, and 1980–84 were anomalously wet. The decrease in warm-season rainfall after the early 1930s is related to a decrease in rainfall from dissipating tropical cyclones, shifts in the incidence of meridional circulation in the upper atmosphere, and variability of ENSO conditions.
System Biology Pathway Exchange - Bridging Pathway Data And Quantitative Models

Online databases store thousands of molecular interactions and pathways, and numerous modeling software tools provide users with an interface to create and simulate mathematical models of such interactions. However, modeling tools often have to deal with formats that are structurally and semantically different. Conversion between formats (making data present in one format available in another format) based on simple one-to-one mappings may lead to loss or distortion of data, is difficult to automate, and often impractical and/or erroneous. This seriously limits the integration of knowledge data and models. We introduce an approach for such integration based on a bridging format that we named Systems Biology Pathway Exchange (SBPAX) alluding to community standards for exchange of mathematical models (SBML) and storing pathway data (BioPAX). It facilitates conversion between data in different formats by a combination of one-to-one mappings to and from SBPAX and operations within the SBPAX data. The concept of SBPAX is to provide a flexible description expanding around essential pathway data - basically the common subset of all formats describing processes, the substances participating in these processes and their locations. SBPAX can act as a platform for converting between formats and documenting assumptions used during conversion, gluing (identifying related elements across different formats) and merging (creating a coherent set of data from multiple sources) data. This works was supported by NIH/NCRR grants RR022232 and RR13186.
A systematic review of psychosocial research on psychosocial interventions for people with co-occurring severe mental and substance use disorders

This report reviews studies of psychosocial interventions for people with co-occurring substance use disorder and severe mental illness. We identified 45 controlled studies (22 experimental and 23 quasi-experimental) of psychosocial dual diagnosis interventions through several search strategies. Three types of interventions (group counseling, contingency management, and residential dual diagnosis treatment) show consistent positive effects on substance use disorder, whereas other interventions have significant impacts on other areas of adjustment (e.g., case management enhances community tenure and legal interventions increase treatment participation). Current studies are limited by heterogeneity of interventions, participants, methods, outcomes, and measures. Treatment of co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder now has a large but heterogeneous evidence base that nevertheless supports several types of interventions. Future research will need to address methodological standardization, longitudinal perspectives, interventions for subgroups and stages, sequenced interventions, and the changing realities of treatment systems.
The cytogenetics of a recessive visible mutant associated with a deficiency adjacent to the notch locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

The recessive visible faswb allele in Drosophila is an interband deletion between salivary band 3C5, 6 and 7. Heterozygosity for the deletion does not suppress recombination between faswb and mutant sites at Notch adjacent to it.—Df(1)w67k30, deficient for salivary bands 3C2 to 6, is to the left of faswb. By crossing over within the homologous bit of interband retained in w 67k30 and faswb, the two deficiencies can be linked. Cytologically, 3C7, "fused" to 3C5, 6 in faswb, becomes "fused" to 3C1 when the two are coupled. In the double deletion, the recessive visible phenotype of the faswb "allele" is suppressed. Both w67k30 and faswb can be recovered by uncoupling the two deficiencies.—The data suggest that the mutant faswb does not represent a lesion at Notch; the entire gene or locus seems to be present. The interband deletion in faswb has secondarily moved an intact Notch locus to a foreign environment that interferes with its normal function. When faswb is linked to w67k30, the interference is eliminated and normal Notch functions resume.—The position of Notch on the salivary gland chromosome is reviewed in relation to the information obtained in these experiments.
A New Direction in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis: How Real Infants Suffer

cine, but a failure to adhere to it may have led to fundamental misunderstandings of the pathogenesis of infant viral lower respiratory tract infections. Viral lower respiratory tract disease, particularly that caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), has long been thought to be the result of an exuberant and aberrant pathogenic immune response. However, a logistically elegant and detailed study of the pathology of fatal infant RSV and influenza infec-
A Resistant Predator and Its Toxic Prey: Persistence of Newt Toxin Leads to Poisonous (Not Venomous) Snakes

The Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) preys upon the Rough-skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa), which contains the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the skin. TTX is toxic, large quantities are present in a newt, and highly resistant snakes have the ability to ingest multiple newts; subsequently snakes harbor significant amounts of active toxin in their own tissues after consuming a newt. Snakes harbor TTX in the liver for 1 mo or more after consuming just one newt, and at least 7 wk after consuming a diet of newts. Three weeks after eating one newt, snakes contained an average of 42 μg of TTX in the liver. This amount could severely incapacitate or kill avian predators, and mammalian predators may be negatively affected as well.
Sorption of the Neutral and Charged Forms of Pentachlorophenol on Soil: Evidence for Different Mechanisms

Laboratory soil sorption experiments have been con- ducted on pentachlorophenol (PCP) at different pH values in an attempt to elucidate differences in sorption mechanisms be- tween the charged and neutral species. Sorption of PCP on soil was investigated by maintaining pH 4 or 8 in batch sorption experiments. Pre-equilibration of the soil was necessary to maintain a constant pH over the course of the experiments. Additionally, a CaCO3-CO2/N2 buffered solution was neces- sary to maintain a pH of 8. Sorption of the neutral PCP species conformed to a linear isotherm model, while a Langmuir model provided the best fit for the charged species. Desorption of the neutral form was completely reversible over the sorption times studied but the charged species exhibited some resistance to desorption. Temperature effects on the distribution coefficients (Kd) were investigated and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The ionized species showed a clear decrease in Kd with increasing temperature while the protonated species showed no apparent trend. Enthalpies (DH°), entropies (DS°), and free energies (DG°), support the conclusions that the neu- tral form of PCP partitions by hydrophobically binding to the soil while the charged form sorbs by a more specific exother- mic adsorption reaction.
Brief report: A Pilot Study of a Web-based Resource for Families of Children with Cancer

Objective To develop a Web-based resource for families of children newly diagnosed with cancer and examine the viability of this modality of providing support. Methods Twenty-one children (8–17 years) newly diagnosed with cancer and their families were enrolled. Quantitative data on Web site utilization and frequency of accessing specific sections and qualitative data on participant satisfaction are reported. Results Twenty-one families comprising 51 participants (children with cancer, parents, and siblings) had access to the Web site. Utilization was lower than anticipated, with members of only nine families accessing the site. The majority of these hits were on peer discussion groups. Conclusion Further research is warranted to examine whether the Internet is a viable method of delivering support to families affected by childhood cancer. The current pattern of results suggests that the timing of its introduction and the method used to train families may affect utilization.
A study of the 86Sr(3He, t)86Y reaction

Abstract Low-lying levels of 86 Y have been investigated using the 86 Sr( 3 He, t) reaction at 42.8 MeV. J π values or limits were assigned to 20 of the 23 levels observed below 1.5 MeV through the use of collective DWBA calculations or experimental ( 3 He, t) reaction systematics. The particle-hole structure of 86 Y is discussed on the basis of these data and the shell model.
Intraoperative aortic dissection in a Turner syndrome patient.

Source of Support Nil. Disclosures: None declared. Cite as: Naftalovich R, Pantin EJ, Denny JT. Intraoperative aortic dissection in a Turner syndrome patient. Heart, Lung and Vessels. 2015; 7(3): 266-267.
A case study of acoustics and vibration of mine fans

In December 1991, several residents of Hueytown, AL, began hearing what they referred to as a mysterious sound. This sound, which became known as the Hueytown Hum, was alleged to be so disruptive that one resident claimed it made it impossible to hold a prayer meeting in his house. Bathroom pipes were said to rattle, and the sound would quickly come and go. This phenomenon attracted considerable attention from the news media. Jim Waiter Resources Inc. (JWR) owns and operates a large underground coal mine in the vicinity of Hueytown, and city officials were quick to blame the mysterious sound on a mine-ventilation fan which was installed at approximately the same time the noise began. To address the concerns of the city officials, JWR contracted with The University of Alabama to perform a study to determine if the ventilation fans were a contributing factor to the Hueytown Hum. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acoustical and vibrational characteristics of the JWR fans operating in the Hueytown area. This paper presents the findings of this investigation.
The thermal impact of Paleocene magmatic underplating in the Faeroe–Shetland–Rockall region

Voluminous magmatism on the northwest European shelf during Palaeogene continental breakup is believed to result in crustal thickening by gabbroic accretion to the base of the crust totalling 4–5 km west of Scotland, 5–8 km around the Faeroe Islands, but only 1–2 km beneath much of the Faeroe Shetland Basin. Simple models of heat conduction predict high heat-flow (>120 mW m −2 ) following underplating of 5 km of gabbro. This is, however, not substantiated by thermal modelling derived from vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track data from wells in the Rockall Trough, which show peak heat-flow of −2 in the central Rockall Trough and 55–78 mW m −2 in the Faeroe–Shetland Basin. Present day values are 45 mW m −2 and 55–63 mW m −2 , respectively. The additional heat-flow is about 60% of that predicted by conduction models assuming instantaneous underplating of a single body. Underplating appears to have taken place progressively over ≈11 Ma (51–62 Ma) in the form of small plutons, thus reducing the thermal impact compared to an instantaneous event. Nonetheless, variability in underplating is the dominant influence on regional heat-flow and may have had a major impact on source-rock maturation. The oil generating window is predicted to have shallowed by ≈1.4 km in the northern Rockall Trough in the early Eocene. Present day heat-flow readings indicate that the background heat-flow against which the underplating peak is superimposed increases from 45 mW m −2 in the southern Rockall region, to 50 mW m −2 in the northern Rockall, and reaches 55–60 mW m −2 in the Faeroe–Shetland Basin. This pattern must reflect changes in the radiogenic content of the underlying crystalline basement and/or its thickness, as most of the underplating-derived heat has now dissipated.
Abstract 155: The Impact of Body Mass Index and Gender on Patient Survival After Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Resuscitation

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia has been established to improve survival in patients following cardiac arrest; yet the impact of body mass index (BMI) and gender on survival post hypothermia is lesser known. Given the obesity paradox in heart failure and the gender differences in cardiovascular outcomes, we hypothesized that men and higher BMI patients would have better survival post therapeutic hypothermia than women and lower BMI patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 183 patients who underwent therapeutic hypothermia following resuscitation at our two large academic centers from 1/2012 to 9/2014. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess for survival based upon BMI, gender, and comorbidities. Results: The average BMI was 30.5 (standard deviation 9.7 kg/m2). There were 67% men (n=122). Therapeutic hypothermia was performed in 75% patients (n=138) for cardiac arrest, while the rest were cooled for neurologic indications. Mortality post therapeutic hypothermia was 60% (n=110). There was a significantly higher mortality for patients with BMI >30kg/m2 compared to BMI ≤30kg/m2 [Odds Ratio OR 1.94 (95% Confidence Intervals CI 1.04, 3.62), p=0.034]. There was no difference in mortality based upon gender [OR 1.57 (95% CI 0.8, 2.9), p= 0.166] or other comorbidities. Conclusions: BMI >30kg/m2 was a significant risk factor for mortality post therapeutic hypothermia protocol, while gender was not a factor. Larger studies will be needed to validate these findings. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Certs Microgrid

Application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. A better way to realize the emerging potential of distributed generation is to take a system approach which views generation and associated loads as a subsystem or a "microgrid". The sources can operate in parallel to the grid or can operate in island, providing UPS services. The system will disconnect from the utility during large events (i.e. faults, voltage collapses), but may also intentionally disconnect when the quality of power from the grid falls below certain standards. Utilization of waste heat from the sources will increase total efficiency, making the project more financially attractive. Field verification of the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) microgrid control concepts are included.