cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of a Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of human β1,4-galactosyltransferase VII

Drosophila melanogaster is widely considered to be an attractive model organism for studying the functions of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates produced by higher eukaryotes. However, the pathways of glycoconjugate biosynthesis are not as well defined in insects as they are in higher eukaryotes. One way to address this problem is to identify genes in the Drosophila genome that might encode relevant functions, express them, and determine the functions of the gene products by direct biochemical assays. In this study, we used this approach to identify a putative Drosophila beta4-galactosyltransferase gene and determine the enzymatic activity of its product. Biochemical assays demonstrated that this gene product could transfer galactose from UDP-galactose to a beta-xylosyl acceptor, but not to other acceptors in vitro. The apparent K(m) values for the donor and acceptor substrates indicated that this gene product is a functional galactosyltransferase. Additional assays showed that the enzyme is activated by manganese, has a slightly acidic pH optimum, and is localized in the insect cell Golgi apparatus. These results showed that Drosophila encodes an ortholog of human beta4-galactosyltransferase-VII, also known as galactosyltransferase I, which participates in proteoglycan biosynthesis by transferring the first galactose to xylose in the linkage tetrasaccharide of glycosaminoglycan side chains.
One-dimensional tungsten oxide growth through a grain-by-grain buildup process

One-dimensional (1D) tungsten oxide crystals (wires, wire bundles, and tubes) were synthesized by a catalyst-free, physical evaporation–condensation process using a mini-arc plasma source. The growth process of the 1D tungsten oxide structure was deciphered through sequential scanning electron microscopy observations. Crystalline tungsten oxide grains form first and then rotate and align their positions to build up 1D crystals as wires, wire bundles, and tubes to minimize the surface energy because of the anisotropic nature of the tungsten oxide crystal. The influence of temperature and growth time on the crystal synthesis is analyzed.
Heritability estimation of osteoarthritis in the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) with a look toward future data collection.

We examine heritability estimation of an ordinal trait for osteoarthritis, using a population of pig-tailed macaques from the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC). This estimation is non-trivial, as the data consist of ordinal measurements on 16 intervertebral spaces throughout each macaque’s spinal cord, with many missing values. We examine the resulting heritability estimates from different model choices, and also perform a simulation study to compare the performance of heritability estimation with these different models under specific known parameter values. Under both the real data analysis and the simulation study, we find that heritability estimates from an assumption of normality of the trait differ greatly from those of ordered probit regression, which considers the ordinality of the trait. This finding indicates that some caution should be observed regarding model selection when estimating heritability of an ordinal quantity. Furthermore, we find evidence that our real data have little information for valid heritability estimation under ordered probit regression. We thus conclude with an exploration of sample size requirements for heritability estimation under this model. For an ordinal trait, an incorrect assumption of normality can lead to severely biased heritability estimation. Sample size requirements for heritability estimation of an ordinal trait under the threshold model depends on the pedigree structure, trait distribution and the degree of relatedness between each phenotyped individual. Our sample of 173 monkeys did not have enough information from which to estimate heritability, but estimable heritability can be obtained with as few as 180 related individuals under certain scenarios examined here.
Growth hormone modulates serum cholinesterase.

Adult male rats have lower serum cholinesterase activity levels than adult female rats and hypophysectomized male rats have higher activity levels than sham-operated males (similar to control females). GH administered to hypophysectomized male rats abolishes the effect of hypophysectomy on serum cholinesterase. Adult male rats treated neonatally with monosodium l-glutamate to induce arcuate nucleus lesions of the hypothalamus have higher serum chol inesterase activities and decreased serum GH concentrations. GH administered to these male rats results in decreased serum chol inesterase activities. These experiments demonstrate that GH is a negative modulator of serum cholinesterase in the male rat.
Imaging for evaluation of suspected cervical spine trauma: A 2-year analysis

Summary Objective To examine the role of radiography in screening trauma patients with suspected injury to the cervical spine. Subjects and methods Over a period of 2 years, 5172 people were admitted to our trauma service and 297 (5.4%) were found to have cervical fractures. The radiographic and CT films and reports of 245 of these 297 patients were reviewed. Results The 245 subjects had sustained 309 distinct individual injuries. Radiography detected injuries in 108 cases (44.1%) and CT detected injuries in 243 cases (99.2%). The two fractures missed by CT occurred at C2; one fracture was obscured by dental artefacts and the other was in the horizontal plane of the scan. Both fractures were detected on lateral radiographs of the region. Conclusion CT is superior to radiography for identification of cervical spine fractures. The fractures most likely to be missed by CT occur at C2. We recommend that CT be used as the primary screening method for people with suspected cervical injury, together with a single lateral view of the cervical spine to include the C2 region.
Women's Participation in Central American Revolutions: A Theoretical Perspective

Evidence from Nicaragua and El Salvador indicates that substantial numbers of women from humble backgrounds have participated in those nations' guerrilla armies, and not simply in support roles but...
An Interprofessional Educational Approach to Oral Health Care in the Geriatric Population

An interprofessional educational approach was used to provide five in-service training sessions for all direct health care providers in a long-term care facility, and one half-day seminar/live webinar for community-licensed health care professionals. Content included presentations by five disciplines: (a) periodontist: oral-systemic relationship, (b) oral pathologist: oral pathology, (c) pharmacist: oral health-pharmacological link, (d) dietitian: oral health-dietary link, and (e) occupational therapist: providing and practicing proper oral hygiene. Significant improvement in posttest scores for the five in-service training sessions and the half-day seminar/live webinar was revealed in t-test results, representing an increase in knowledge gained. Approximately 80% of the 145 participants indicated that they would make a change in patient care. Findings indicate that the in-service training sessions and half-day seminar/live webinar supported development of the geriatric work force by utilizing an interpro...
Krogh 1929 or ‘The Krogh Principle’

![Figure][1] Stan Lindstedt discusses August Krogh's classic paper ‘The progress of physiology’, published in the American Journal of Physiology in 1929. August Krogh wrote an essay that appeared in the American Journal of Physiology in 1929. In this essay he introduces an experimental
On quasi-particle descriptions of many particle systems

Quasi-particle descriptions of thermal or weakly turbulent fluctuations in classical many particle systems may be derived with the aid of a complete set of eigenmodes. For a Maxwell-Vlasov electron plasma, the latter comprise a set of continuous and discrete modes, the continuum modes being dressed single-particle excitations with real eignvalues. Fluctuation field correlations can be represented in terms of either the continuous eigenmodes or discrete quasi-modes; the latter characterize collective waves corresponding to complex quasi-eigenvalues (Landau poles)on the unphysical sheet of the complex frequency Plane. Quasi-mode representations of the dynamics of weakly correlated fluctuations can be interpreted in terms of quasi-particles moving in their phase space along trajectories determined by dispersion relations characteristic of quasi-mode "energy." The quasi-particle density in phase space is determined by the amplitude correlation spectrum of the quasimodes.
Measuring frequency response of surface-micromachined resonators

Resonator structures offer a unique mechanism for characterizing MEMS materials, but measuring the resonant frequency of microstructures is challenging. In this effort a network analyzer system was used to electrically characterize surface-micromachined resonator structures in a carefully controlled pressure and temperature environment. A microscope laser interferometer was used to confirm actual device deflections. Cantilever, comb, and piston resonators fabricated in the DARPA-sponsored MUMPs process were extensively tested. Measured resonant frequency results show reasonable agreement with analytic predictions computed using manufacturer measured film thickness and residual material stress. Alternatively the measured resonant frequency data can be used to extract material data. Tuning of resonant frequency with DC bias was also investigated. Because the tested devices vary widely in complexity, from a simple cantilever beam to a comb resonator, the data collected is especially well suited for validation testing of MEMS modeling codes.
Commentary: induction chemotherapy for head and neck cancer: hypothesis-based rather than evidence-based medicine.

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: 1. Discuss the history of clinical trials using surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. 2. Explain the benefit of chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer. 3. Describe the role of adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-FU followed by chemoradiation with or without taxanes. 4. Evaluate the toxicity of adding taxanes and the need for further clinical trials adding taxanes.
EMOTIONAL FEEDBACK AND AMPLIFICATION IN SOCIAL INTERACTION

This article develops an interactive, theoretical model of emotional feedback and amplification. Whereas the sociology of emotions typically examines how affect arises, this article focuses on the ...
Micro/nanoscale tribological and mechanical characterization for MEMS/NEMS

Recent investigations have revealed the profound influence of adhesion, friction, and wear on the reliability of micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) devices. Studies of determination and suppression of these failure mechanisms are critical to improving the reliability of MEMS/NEMS. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), researchers have developed the methodology to study the micro/nanotribological and mechanical behavior of one of the commercial MEMS - digital micromirror devices (DMD). Surface roughness, adhesion, friction, and wear properties of the contacting elements of the DMD lubricated by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) have been extensively studied. Potential mechanism for micromirror stiction accrual has been suggested in light of the findings. In addition, the molecular level adhesion, friction, and wear performance of SAMs have been also investigated using AFM. The molecular tribological mechanisms of SAMs have been discussed to aid the design and selection of proper lubricants for MEMS/NEMS.
Evaluation of C3H/HeJ Mice for Xenodiagnosis of Infection with Ehrlichia Chaffeensis

Because mice are experimentally susceptible to infection with Ehrlichia species, C3H/HeJ mice were evaluated as a potential xenodiagnostic model for detection of infection with and isolation of E. chaffeensis. Intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with E. chaffeensis-infected DH82 cell cultures produced seroconversion, with peak serum antibody titers of 1:256, at high dosages (>1.9 x 10(4) infected cells) but not at low dosages (1.9 or 1.9 x 10(2) infected cells). Ehrlichia chaffeensis was not reisolated from blood samples collected from inoculated mice on postinoculation day 21. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers specific for E. chaffeensis, was positive for only 2/70 (2.9%) tissue samples. A field evaluation in which C3H/HeJ mice were inoculated with blood and lymph node suspensions from 5 seropositive white-tailed deer, including 3 deer that were PCR positive for E. chaffeensis, failed to produce seroconversion in mice. The lack of seroconversion at low dosages, the failure to reisolate at any dosage, and the inability to confirm infection in PCR-positive field samples suggests C3H/HeJ mice are not a sensitive model for xenodiagnosis or detection of E. chaffeensis.
The space in spatial language

Abstract Projective spatial terms such as “below” specify the location of one object by indicating its spatial relation with respect to a reference object. These relations are defined via a reference frame that consists of a number of parameters (orientation, direction, origin, and distance) whose settings configure the space surrounding the reference object. The current paper examines the distance parameter. In four experiments we collected response times in a speeded sentence/picture verification task, and compared across prime and probe trials for which the distance between the objects matched or mismatched. Facilitation when prime/probe distance matched indicates preservation of the distance setting. The results indicate that a distance is computed when using projective spatial terms, and that this distance is maintained within a parameter of the reference frame.
Event Studies and the Law: Part Ii - Empirical Studies OfCorporate Law

This paper is the second part of a review of the event study methodology, which has proved to be one of the most successful uses of econometrics in policy analysis. In this part we focus on the methodology's application to corporate law and corporate governance issues. Event studies have played an important role in the making of corporate law and in corporate law scholarship. The reason for this input is twofold. First, there is a match between the methodology and subject matter: the goal of corporate law is to increase shareholder wealth and event studies provide a metric for measurement of the impact upon stock prices of policy decisions. Second, because the participants in corporate law debates share the objective of corporate law, to adopt policies that enhance shareholder wealth, their disagreements are over the means to achieve that end. Hence, the discourse can be empirically informed. The paper concludes by sketching the methodology's use in evaluating the economic effects of regulation. While event studies' usefulness for policy analysis is now familiar in the corporate law setting, we hope that our two-part review will suggest appropriate applications to other fields of law.
What Happens Now? Psychosocial Care for Cancer Survivors After Medical Treatment Completion

The growing population of adults living with a history of cancer in the United States mandates attention to quality of life and health in this group, as well as to the implementation of evidence-based interventions to address psychosocial and physical concerns at completion of medical treatments and beyond. The goals of this article are to document the need for attention to psychosocial domains during the re-entry and later phases of the cancer survivor trajectory, offer an overview of current evidence on efficacy of psychosocial interventions during those phases, and offer suggestions for application and research regarding post-treatment psychosocial care.
Antimicrobial effect of amniotic fluid against anaerobic bacteria

Amniotic fluid samples were obtained at term and tested for their antimicrobial effect on anaerobes, Peptostreptococcus (Ps.) anaerobius, Peptococcus (Pc.) prevotii, Bacteroides (B.) fragilis, and B. coagulans with facultative Escherichia (E.) coli serving as control. Amniotic fluid had only temporary bacteriostatic effect on Pc. prevotii and B. fragilis for 8 to 16 hours. This effect lasted for only 8 hours on Ps. anaerobius. On the contrary, the bacteriostatic effect of amniotic fluid was well sustained on E. coli and B. coagulans, lasting for the entire test periods of 20 and 32 hours, respectively. At the end of the time intervals mentioned, Ps. anaerobius, Pc. prevotii, and B. fragilis exhibited logarithmic growth, confirming the earlier reports that it is not nutritionally deficient. Amniotic fluid exhibited temporary bacteriostatic effect on Ps. anaerobius, P. prevotii, and B. fragilis, but this effect was well sustained against B. coagulans.
Identification of biomarkers in pazopanib treated patients with renal cell carcinoma

Targeted therapy has become the mainstay in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). That being said, it is difficult to predict which patients will respond to targeted therapy. A recent article published in The Lancet Oncology attempts to identify biomarkers in patients receiving pazopanib that may be helpful in the clinical management of renal cell carcinoma.
Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America

Manhattan's Lower East Side stands for Jewish experience in America. With the possible exception of African-Americans and Harlem, no ethnic group has been so thoroughly understood and imagined through a particular chunk of space. Despite the fact that most American Jews have never set foot there - and many come from families that did not immigrate through New York much less reside on Hester or Delancey Streets - the Lower East Side was the place where life pulsated, bread tasted better, relationships were richer, tradition thrived, and passions flared. This was not always so. During the years now fondly recalled (1880-1930), the neighbourhood was only occasionally called the Lower East Side. Though largely populated by Jews from eastern Europe, it was not ethnically or even religiously homogenous. The tenements, grinding poverty, sweatshops, and packs of roaming children were considered the stuff of social work, not nostalgia and romance. To learn when and why this dark warren of pushcart-lined streets became an icon, the author follows a wide trail of high and popular culture. She examines children's stories, novels, movies, museum exhibits, television shows, summer-camp re-enactments, walking tours, consumer catalogues, and photos hung on deli walls far from Manhattan. The author finds that it was after World War II that the Lower East Side was enshrined as the place through which Jews passed from European oppression to the promised land of America. The space became sacred at a time when Jews were simultaneously absorbing the enormity of the Holocaust and finding acceptance and opportunity in an increasingly liberal United States. Particularly after 1960, the Lower East Side gave often secularised and suburban Jews a biblical, yet distinctly American story about who they were and how they got here. Displaying the author's own fondness for the Lower East Side of story books, combined with a commitment to historical truth, this book is an insightful account of one of America's most famous neighbourhoods and its power to shape identity.
Prebisch pensador clásico y heterodoxo

En estas notas de recuerdo y homenaje a Raul Prebisch se busca destacar dos rasgos sobresalientes de su legado escrito: la naturaleza “clasica” de su pensamiento y su heterodoxia de combatiente, con las armas de la experiencia historica concreta, contra mitos conven-cionalinente aceptados. Ambos rasgos aparecen con frecuencia en los pensadores que han marcado hitos en el desarrollo de las ciencias y de las ideas, como los marco Prebisch en el campo del desarrollo economico y de la transformacion de las sociedades.
ATPS-06BRAIN-PENETRANT ALKYLINDOLE COMPOUNDS PROMOTE APOPTOSIS IN GLIOMA CELLS THROUGH MICROTUBULE DESTABILIZATION

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain neoplasm. Treatment options for this cancer are limited, and the five-year survival rate is less than 5%. Cannabinoid compounds have the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and selectively kill tumor cells while maintaining a favorable safety profile, making them attractive candidates as novel GBM therapeutics. For example, the cannabinoid agonists WIN55212-2 (WIN-2) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induce GBM cell death both in vitro and reduce tumor growth in vivo, while sparing healthy cells. While cannabinoid compounds typically act through two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), CB1, and CB2, evidence suggests that WIN-2, an alkylindole (AI) cannabinoid, kills tumor cells through a separate, unknown mechanism. To explore this unknown mechanism, our lab developed a novel series of AI compounds that exhibit reduced affinity to CB1 and CB2 receptors. The model AI compound, ST-11, was found to destabilize microtubules (MTs) and promote both cell cycle arrest in prometaphase and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that GBMs are particularly sensitive to mitotic disruption; however, the use of MT-targeting agents is limited by toxic side effects and a general inability to cross the BBB. ST-11 was found to exhibit a promising safety profile in mice and did not induce overt toxicity in any major organs up to its maximal administrable dose of 240 mg/kg. Additionally, ST-11 readily crossed the BBB within 60 min of intraperitoneal injection and dose-dependently induced caspase activation and reduced tumor size in an orthotopic syngeneic glioma mouse model. Our findings suggest that AI compounds such as ST-11 belong to a new class of brain-penetrant MT-targeting agents that preferentially kill tumor cells.
MRI Measurements of Normal Fetal Abdominal Circumference

Purpose:To measure the abdominal circumference(AC) on MRI in normal fetus,and to analyze the relationship between AC and gestational age(GA).Methods:The abdominal circumference was measured on MR images of 307 fetus without apparently abnormal structure.Their ages were ranged from 24 to 38 gestational weeks.The relationship between AC and GA was analyzed by correlation and regression analysis.Results:The regression function of AC and GA was AC=- 53.324+10.727×GA (r~2=0.808,P0.01).Conclusion:Fetal AC is correlated with GA.Measurement results provide a reference for evaluation of the development status of fetus.
Openness and Avoidance in Couples Communicating About Cancer

Open communication and avoidance are fundamental communication processes that have been studied across a range of communication contexts. Couples in which one person has cancer are a theoretically and practically important site for examining openness and avoidance. We review the cancer-related topics that couples find challenging, couples reasons for communicating openly or avoiding talk about cancer-related topics, outcomes of communication, features and strategies of communication, and individual, relational, and illness-related factors that may influence communication. The application of theories of open and avoidant communication suggests new directions for cancer research and has practical implications for interventions designed to assist couples. We also discuss needed changes in how we conceptualize and measure openness and avoidance. These suggested refinements are relevant across a wide range of contexts in which researchers study openness and avoidance.
Zephyr: First-person wireless analytics from high-density in-stadium deployments

Zephyr is a first-person wireless-performance data-collection approach to study the end-user's perspective of the wireless-network's performance using an OTT video-streaming service used in 35 mobile applications and 25 sports stadiums. We use Zephyr to provide insights into user behavior and user disengagement from production traces gathered over 2+ years. We identify the different types of failures that we've observed, and describe how frequently they occur. Finally, we correlate low-level Wi-Fi performance data with application-level failures and describe the trends that we observe. The data from Zephyr reveals that 50% of users disengage if video playback does not begin within 12 seconds, and also if video playback stalls, instream, for more than 6 seconds. The most dominant failure type for video playback is cancellation during the initial buffering phase, which accounts for 30% of all streams.
On the inclusion of interfacial area in models of two-phase flow in porous media

A complete description of multi-phase porous media systems requires inclusion of interfacial areas as well as phase volumes. Theoretical results indicate that interfacial areas should be related to capillary pressure and to volumetric saturations, and that other constitutive relationships should include interfacial areas in their functional dependencies. Computational pore-scale network models allow for quantification of the proposed constitutive relationships that involve interfacial areas. In addition, a new experimental technique, Photoluminescent Volumetric Imaging (PVI), provides an opportunity to measure interfacial areas, thereby testing both the theory and the computational results. A collaborative research effort involving theoretical analysis, computational models, and PVI-based experiments, is being pursued to investigate the role of interfacial areas in multi-phase porous-media systems.
Referral to Palliative Care Infrequent in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Background: Palliative care has been recommended as a means to assist patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in managing symptom burden and advanced care planning. Timing of referral is important because although most patients display a gradually progressive course, a minority experience acute deterioration, an outcome associated with high mortality. Aim: To describe characteristics of IPF patients referred to a specialty lung disease center over a 10-year period who experienced acute deterioration and subsequent intensive care unit (ICU) admission, including frequency and timing of referral to palliative care. Design: Retrospective review. Setting/Participants: We identified 106 patients admitted to the ICU with acute deterioration due to a respiratory or nonrespiratory cause. Variables examined included demographics, date of first center visit, forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and palliative care referral. Results: ICU admission occurr...
The Improved Efficacy of Bortezomib Containing Induction Regimens (BCIR) Versus Non-Bortezomib Containing Induction Regimens (NBCIR) in Transplant-Eligible Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM): Meta-Analysis of Phase III Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs),

Abstract 3994 Introduction: Patients with MM undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) achieving complete response (CR) or very good partial response (VGPR) have prolonged progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to the patients that achieve Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane databases and ASH, ASCO conference proceedings from 01/2000 through 08/2011 for publications and abstracts to identify the phase III RCTs comparing BCIR vs. NBCIR in transplant-eligible patients with myeloma. A meta-analysis was performed using both the fixed (Mantel-Haenszel) and random (DerSimonain and Laird) models to calculate the risk difference with the comparator arm to evaluate the rates of CR, ≥VGPR, ORR, PFS, OS and toxicities. Altogether, we identified 4 RCTs (two published articles and unpublished data from two RCTs including 2086 patients). The consistency of results (effect sizes) among studies was investigated by means of two heterogeneity tests, the χ 2-based Cochran9s Q test, and the I2 Statistic. We considered that heterogeneity was present when the P value of the Cochran9s Q test was 50%. Results: Q-statistic for ORR (P =0.338; df =3; I2 = 11.1); ≥VGPR (P =0.175; df =3; I2 = 39.53); CR (P =0.677; df =3; I2 = 0) suggests homogeneity across studies. Pooled odds ratios of overall response rates (ORR), ≥VGPR, CR with BCIR vs. NBCIR were 2.619 (P Conclusion: Our mixed model meta-analysis demonstrates that the addition of bortezomib to the induction regimens in the transplant-eligible patients with MM results in improved ORR, ≥VGPR, CR, PFS and OS compared with the NBCIR. Known bortezomib related grade 3 toxicities are higher with BCIR recommending appropriate PN monitoring and HZV prophylaxis. The pooled estimates of response and survival strongly favor inclusion of bortezomib in the induction regimens. Disclosures: Kaufman:Millenium, Onyx, Novartis, Keryx: Consultancy; Merck, Celgene: Research Funding. Gleason:Celgene, Merck, Millenium: Consultancy. Flowers:Genentech/Roche (unpaid): Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Millennium/Takeda: Research Funding; Wyeth: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Lonial:Millennium: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy.
Trends in Imaging Use for the Evaluation and Followup of Kidney Stone Disease: A Single Center Experience

Purpose: Recent reports support renal ultrasound as the initial imaging study to evaluate patients with suspected renal colic. However, urologists often advocate for computerized tomography to better define stone size and location, especially before proceeding with endourological intervention. One concern with using ultrasound as initial imaging is that computerized tomography may be required later, obviating the reduction in costs and radiation gained by using ultrasound.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of 10,680 episodes of stone disease in a total of 7,659 patients who presented to the emergency department or walk-in clinic with a chief complaint or visit diagnosis of urolithiasis from 2009 to 2015 at a single institution. Images obtained during the index encounter and in the following 90 days were recorded.Results: The index encounter included computerized tomography in 47% of episodes, ultrasound in 20%, plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder i...
Consumer Product Portability as Related to Warranty Rulemaking

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has the responsibility for determining what may be reasonably expected of consumers in their fulfillment of the terms of a consumer product warranty. The problem of defining consumer product portability within the context of a consumer product return activity is discussed and the results of a controlled experiment which directly relates to the task of establishing maximum reasonable product weight for a consumer product return activity are presented. Distributions of maximum reasonable weight for product return are presented and recommendations are given for warranty rulemaking. Continuing research aimed at developing a consumer product portability index is summarized.
Open Access and Promotion and Tenure Evaluation Plans at the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire

ABSTRACTDepartment and program evaluation plans at the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire were examined to see if these documents provide evidence that could be used to justify supporting the publication of peer-reviewed open access articles toward tenure and promotion. In an earlier study, the authors reveal that faculty members at the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire are more unaware of open access publishing than their counterparts at larger universities. These findings dovetail with other studies that show that faculty members are reluctant to publish in open access journals because of concerns about the quality of those journals. The existing body of scholarship suggests that tenure-line faculty fear publishing in open access journals because it could adversely impact their chances of promotion and tenure. The authors of this current study sought to determine if department and program evaluation plans could influence negative perceptions faculty have of open access journals. The implications of thi...
Penetration and Diffusion of a Beam of Radiation

An approximate solution is obtained to the threedemensional equation of transport for a point source radiating along the Z-axis. The radiation is separated into scattered and unscattered components, and the transport equation for the scattered radiation is derived. The appropriate solution for the scattered radiation is obtained by expanding the intensity in tesseral harmonics and solving the resulting equations for the amplitude of each harmonic. some numerical results are presented to illustrate the behavior of the solution at great depths of penetration. (auth)
The indirect effects of emotion regulation on the association between attachment style, depression, and meaning made among undergraduates who experienced stressful events

Undergraduates frequently report exposure to stressful life events which may negatively impact mental health. The current study examined associations among attachment style, depression, and meaning made, and tested both direct effects and indirect effects through emotion regulation difficulties. Undergraduates (N = 336) who reported having experienced stressful and/or potentially traumatic events completed measures through an online survey. More than half of participants (64%) were female, with a mean age of 19.26 years. In both models, higher attachment anxiety and higher attachment avoidance were significantly associated with greater difficulties with accessing emotion regulation strategies, which in turn were related to higher depression symptom severity and lower meaning made. Lack of emotional awareness also partially explained the associations between attachment avoidance and outcomes in both models. Difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior partially explained the associations between attachment anxiety and meaning made, but not depression symptom severity. Our results suggest certain emotion regulation strategies may be key mechanisms through which individuals with high attachment anxiety or avoidance may reduce the potential negative mental health impact that stressful life events may have.
Distributed beamforming with high altitude balloon relays

In this paper, we propose an aerial relay layer composed of a swarm of high altitude balloon nodes. These nodes are deployed as a large distributed array, allowing spatial reuse of precious bandwidth through adaptive beamforming. Creating multi-fold increases in spectrum efficiency using the distributed sparse array requires advanced adaptive processing at a ground station. In this paper, we will develop the fundamental limits of such a system, show simulation results for scenarios of interest, and provide flight test results from the system.
The Clinical Assessment of Children and Adolescents Having Difficulty with Academic Performance

When a child or adolescent presents with academic difficulty it is important to do a comprehensive assessment of possible causes. This assessment includes the individual, the family, the school, and the community, including the influence of cultural, bilingual, and environmental factors. A decision tree is presented as a way of conceptualizing such an evaluation. Each step in the assessment process is discussed in this article.
THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC PROPERTIES OF THE ADRENOCORTICAL MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME P450 WHICH CONVERTS CHOLESTEROL INTO PREGNENOLONE

Reduction potentials were measured for P450 scc without bound steroid, complexed to the steroid substrate, intermediates and product of the cholesterol side chain cleavage reaction, and complexed to adrenodoxin. An investigation was also made of the stoichiometry of complexes in solution of the three proteins which carry out this reaction and of the rates of electron transfer between these proteins.
Factors associated with abdominal injury in frontal, farside, and nearside crashes.

This paper describes how the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) (1998-2008) and Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) datasets were used to identify factors contributing to abdominal injury in crash environments where seat belt use and airbag deployment are common. The percentage of occupants sustaining abdominal injury is three times higher for unbelted compared to belted front-row adult occupants in frontal impacts at both abbreviated injury scores AIS2+ and AIS3+ injury levels. Airbag deployment does not substantially affect the percentage of occupants who sustain abdominal injuries in frontal impacts, while seat belt use reduces the percentage of occupants sustaining abdominal injury in both nearside and farside crashes. Right-front passengers in right-side impacts have the highest risk of AIS3+ abdominal injury. The percentage of occupants with AIS3+ abdominal injuries does not vary with age for frontal, nearside, or farside impacts. If an occupant sustains AIS2+ rib fractures, the odds of the occupant sustaining an AIS2+ abdominal injury increase dramatically. The percentage of occupants with AIS2+ abdominal injury decreased 67% for occupants in 2001-2009 model-year vehicles compared to occupants in 1985-1992 model-year vehicles. For drivers in frontal impacts, the most common vehicle-component contacts associated with abdominal injury are the steering-wheel and the lap/shoulder belt, whereas the lap/shoulder belt is the most common contact associated with abdominal injuries for right-front passengers. For occupants in nearside impacts with both liver and spleen injuries, the mean lateral door intrusion is nearly 33 cm, while mean door intrusions range from 26 to 30 cm for occupants with only liver or only spleen injury.
A survey of pesticide usage in the Pennsylvania commercial mushroom industry between August 1979 and December 1980.

Abstract The usages of pesticides were monitored for 39 commercial mushroom crops over five continuous cropping cycles from August 1979 to December 1980. At least 2072 daily applications of pesticides were recorded. Twenty percent of the pesticide applications were applied more than once per day. Fifteen different pesticides were used with the majority directed toward insects. Naled and dichlorvos were applied most frequently. Permethrin became available during the summer of 1980 and gained importance in fly control. Zineb was used more frequently than benomyl for disease control.
Does patient autonomy outweigh duty to treat

Patients can refuse medical treatment, but physicians often question the patients' ability to make a responsible decision in a time of medical need. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
THE DIRECT MICROSCOPIC COUNT ON PRESERVED MILK SAMPLES: AN EFFECTIVE MEASURE FOR UNIFORM STATE-WIDE CONTROL*

A survey is presented of the use of preserved milk samples shipped from a state-wide area to a central laboratory for examination. Statistical analysis of comparative results on a large number of samples proved that within 3 days there was no significant change in grade of preserved milk samples from the grade of the identical samples immediately before preservative was added. This method is suggested for uniformity of the laboratory aspects of milk grading programs throughout a large area, and for evaluation of performance of laboratories engaged in this work.
Quadriceps weakness associates with greater T1ρ relaxation time in the medial femoral articular cartilage 6 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Quadriceps weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is linked to decreased patient-reported function, altered lower extremity biomechanics and tibiofemoral joint space narrowing. It remains unknown if quadriceps weakness is associated with early deleterious changes to femoral cartilage composition that are suggestive of posttraumatic osteoarthritis development. The purpose of the cross-sectional study was to determine if quadriceps strength was associated with T1ρ relaxation times, a marker of proteoglycan density, of the articular cartilage in the medial and lateral femoral condyles 6 months following ACLR. It is hypothesized that individuals with weaker quadriceps would demonstrate lesser proteoglycan density. Twenty-seven individuals (15 females, 12 males) with a patellar tendon autograft ACLR underwent isometric quadriceps strength assessments in 90°of knee flexion during a 6-month follow-up exam. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) were collected bilaterally and voxel by voxel T1ρ relaxation times were calculated using a five-image sequence and a monoexponential equation. Following image registration, the articular cartilage for the weight-bearing surfaces of the medial and lateral femoral condyles (MFC and LFC) were manually segmented and further sub-sectioned into posterior, central and anterior regions of interest (ROI) based on the corresponding meniscal anatomy viewed in the sagittal plane. Univariate linear regression models were used to determine the association between quadriceps strength and T1ρ relaxation times in the entire weight-bearing MFC and LFC, as well as the ROI in each respective limb. Lesser quadriceps strength was significantly associated with greater T1ρ relaxation times in the entire weight-bearing MFC (R2 = 0.14, P = 0.05) and the anterior-MFC ROI (R2 = 0.22, P = 0.02) of the ACLR limb. A post hoc analysis found lesser strength and greater T1ρ relaxation times were significantly associated in a subsection of participants (n = 18) without a concomitant medial tibiofemoral compartment meniscal or chondral injury in the entire weight-bearing MFC, as well as anterior-MFC and central-MFC ROI of the ACLR and uninjured limb. The association between weaker quadriceps and greater T1ρ relaxation times in the MFC suggests deficits in lower extremity muscle strength may be related to cartilage composition as early as 6 months following ACLR. Maximizing quadriceps strength in the first 6 months following ACLR may be critical for promoting cartilage health early following ACLR. Prognostic level 1.
Reading deficits in diabetic patients treated with panretinal photocoagulation and good visual acuity

PURPOSE Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) can have abnormal visual functioning that may be missed by Snellen visual acuity alone. We investigated reading deficits in patients treated with PRP for PDR using the Minnesota reading (MNREAD) test. METHODS Thirty patients treated with PRP and 15 controls underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the MNREAD, frequency doubling perimetry (FDP), and fundus photography. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)-treated subjects were compared to controls on MNREAD results by two-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon tests and Pearson correlations were used to assess the association between performance on MNREAD and other central visual function tests within PRP subjects. RESULTS Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)-treated patients had reduced MNREAD acuity (p < 0.0001) and increased critical print size (p = 0.01) compared to controls but not a significantly reduced maximum reading speed (p = 0.06). Logmar MNREAD acuity was strongly positive correlated with logMAR BCVA (r = 0.58, p = 0.0098) and strongly negatively correlated with FDP foveal threshold (r = -0.63, p = 0.0030). Maximum reading speed was positively correlated with FDP foveal threshold (r = 0.57, p = 0.0143) and FDP mean deviation (r = 0.51, p = 0.0432). Visual acuity did not correlate with the sensitivities on the FDP. CONCLUSION The MNREAD test reveals that PRP reduces reading ability and other aspects of macular function, and thus provides new understanding of how vision-related quality of life is impaired. These findings may lead to improved means to evaluate and enhance vision following treatment for PDR.
High School Teachers' Sense-Making of Response to Intervention: A Critical Practice Analysis.

Response to intervention (RtI) is touted as an equity-focused provision of special education policy that holds promise for reducing overrepresentation and providing academic opportunities for cultu...
A RARE CAUSE OF A NON-REMITTING PERICARDIAL EFFUSION IN A PATIENT WITH LUPUS

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with a variety of cardiac and systemic complications such as pericarditis. However, chylous pericarditis in SLE has not previously been reported. We present the case of a 26 year old female with a history of SLE, and known pericardial effusion found
A colloquium on the status and challenges in science for decarbonizing our energy landscape

An Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium titled “Status and Challenges in Science for Decarbonizing our Energy Landscape” was held at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, California in October 2018. The papers that follow in this issue of PNAS (1⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–7) stem from that activity, which addressed a topic of compelling interest and importance to our community from a perspective often not addressed. It is evermore clear, based on incontrovertible climate evidence, that the way we produce and use energy must transition rapidly from what we have done in the past. Population growth, urbanization, and the need for both energy and materials to support this evolution has led to environmental alteration that can only be explained by human activity. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and others have emphasized over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of planet Earth has been increasing with greater annual increments. The origin of the increase and its consequences are the greater amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere from approximately 284 parts per million at the start of the industrial revolution to 316 parts per million in 1956, when detailed records were initiated, to 415 parts per million in 2018 (8⇓⇓⇓–12). The well-known “greenhouse” gas effect of CO2 for trapping heat has been described in detail and extends to other polyatomic molecules, such as methane, that are present in much smaller amounts (although their respective greenhouse gas effects may be greater on a molecular basis). The … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: eisenberg{at}chem.rochester.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Interpretation and Place Attachment: Implications for Cognitive Map Theory:

Place attachment is a common expression used by individuals to identify with natural settings. Although resource meanings are hard for some people to describe, intangible values can play an importa...