cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3-D Viewer for interpretation of multiple scan sections

A new viewing device is being constructed which will allow a physician to examine multiple scan sections simultaneously in their proper orientation in all three dimensions. Test images already produced on a laboratory prototype viewer clearly show paralax and stereoscopic depth cues characteristic of a real three dimensional object. Our experience viewing X-ray CT and ultrasound sections has shown that certain anatomical and pathological features important in cancer detection are more readily appreciated on the 3-D viewer than on conventional planar imaging facilities such as at T.V. monitor or film. The viewer can also form 3-D graphical figures with lines oriented from left-to-right, top-to-bottom and front-to-back. By moving one's head, distant lines appear to move relative to nearby lines, just as would be expected.
Estimate of indicated torque from crankshaft speed fluctuations: a model for the dynamics of the IC engine

A contribution is made to the task of constructing a global model for the IC (internal combustion) engine. A robust submodel is formulated for the dynamics of the IC engine, where-in the engine is viewed as a system with input given by cylinder pressure and output corresponding to crankshaft angular acceleration and crankshaft torque. The formulation is well suited to closed-loop engine control and transmission control applications. In the model, cylinder pressure is deterministically related to net engine torque through the geometry and dynamics of the reciprocating assembly. The relationship between net engine torque and crankshaft angular acceleration is explain in terms of a passive second-order electrical circuit model with constant parameters. Experimental results confirm the validity of the model over a wide range of engine operating conditions, including transient conditions. It is concluded that the model provides a powerful tool for estimating average and instantaneous net engine torque based on an inexpensive noncontacting measurement of crankshaft acceleration, thus providing access to one of the primary engine performance variables. >
Kinetics of the BrO + ClO reaction and implications for stratospheric ozone

The first direct measurements of the rate constant and product distribution of the BrO + ClO reaction as a function of temperature is reported. It is shown that this reaction could account for a large fraction of the springtime ozone depletion over Antarctica and provide a source of chlorine dioxide of sufficient magnitude to explain the recent measurements of this species in the Antarctic atmosphere, provided that the stratosphere contains a sufficient quantity of bromine.
Distributed Rectifier Loads in Electric Power Systems

Modern literature on power system harmonic problems, analysis, and solution is mostly of the case history type [1]. When the harmonic signal strength is low, the assumption of sinusoidal bus voltages is usually made, thereby simplifying analysis considerably. Since interest is often restricted to distribution circuits, simple radial circuit configuration is frequently assumed, and band (frequency) limitation of harmonics is also assumed. The proliferation of rectifier and other nonlinear loads, however, particularly in localized regions, suggests a renewed look at harmonic signals, especially at high harmonic content, near resonance, and cases of considerable bus voltage distortion. Xia and Heydt [2-3] have modified the Newton-Raphson power flow study algorithm to accommodate nonlinear loads without the assumption of superposition, radial circuitry, or sinusoidal bus voltage. Grady [7] has extended the Xia-Heydt algorithm to include nonlinear resistive loads (e.g. fluorescent lamps) and zero sequence signals. One of the primary reasons for the increased deployment of nonlinear loads is the successful development of high power semiconductor switching devices. Nonlinear loads are often characterized by either widespread distribution (such as the case in fluorescent lighting loads and electronic loads and such is the potential in the case of electric vehicle loads [4-6]). Also, the use of large industrial rectifiers directly on the subtransmission voltage system is not unusual in applications of large dc motors, electro-deposition installations, and induction furnaces. Static var devices are new electronic localized sources of harmonic signals.
Uncertainty due to model choice in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease projections.

For some statistical applications, uncertainty due to unverifiable assumptions can be much greater than that arising from the random variability that is quantified by conventional confidence intervals. The case of projecting possible maximum numbers of eventual deaths due to variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in the United Kingdom provides an extreme example of this phenomenon. The need for parametric extrapolation of the incubation distribution, along with non-identifiability of the number of infected persons, makes assumptions very influential. Several publications in leading science journals gave upper bounds that were 100-fold to 20 000-fold lower than projections from other plausible models given here that fit the data about as well. The crucial assumption for projections is how the risk of death increases with time since infection, and exponential growth is an obvious choice for pessimistic models. Parametric extrapolation from the generalized lambda, generalized F, or lognormal distributions produced upper bounds much lower than exponential extrapolation (i.e. assuming a Gompertz distribution, which fit the data up to early 2002 quite well). Had the publications considered such possibilities, they would have reached much weaker conclusions and been less suitable for leading general science journals. The scientific publication process may have inherent disincentives for thorough assessment of uncertainty. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiofrequency (RF) coil impacts the value and reproducibility of cartilage spin–spin (T2) relaxation time measurements

Summary Introduction T2 (spin–spin) relaxation time is frequently used for compositional assessment of articular cartilage. However little is known about the influence of magnetic resonance (MR) system components on these measurements. The reproducibility and range of cartilage T2 values were evaluated using different extremity radiofrequency (RF) coils with potential differences in flip angle uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Method Ten knees underwent 3 T MR exams using RF coils with different SNR: quadrature transmit/receive (QTR); quadrature transmit/eight-channel phased-array receive (QT8PAR). Each knee was scanned twice per coil (four exams total). T2 values were calculated for the central medial and lateral femoral (cMF, cLF) and medial and lateral tibial (MT, LT) cartilage. Results The flip angle varied across a central 40 mm diameter region-of-interest of each coil by P P P P = 1.0), and worse for MT (3.7%/3.3%; P P Conclusions SNR varied spatially (significant) depending upon coil, but refocusing flip angle only slightly. With higher SNR, significantly longer T2 values were measured for deep (all plates) and global (MT, cMF) cartilage. T2 values varied by depth and plate, in agreement with prior studies.
Effect of Adhesive Ductility on Cyclic Debond Mechanism in Composite-to-Composite Bonded Joints

Abstract An investigation of an adhesively bonded composite joint with a brittle adhesive was conducted to characterize both the static and fatigue debond growth mechanism under mode I and mixed mode I-II loadings. The bonded system consisted of graphite/epoxy adherends bonded with FM-400 adhesive. Two specimen types were tested: (1) a double-cantilever-beam specimen for mode I loading and (2) a cracked-lap-shear specimen for mixed mode I-II loading. In all specimens tested, failure occurred in the form of debond growth either in a cohesive or adhesive manner. The total strain-energy-release rate is not the criterion for cohesive debond growth under static and fatigue loading in the birttle adhesive as observed in previous studies with the ductile adhesives. Furthermore, the relative fatigue resistance and threshold value of cyclic debond growth in terms of its static fracture strength is higher in the brittle adhesive than its counterpart in the ductile adhesive.
Learning Science through Research Apprenticeships: A Critical Review of the Literature.

Science education models for secondary and college students as well as K-12 teachers have been dominated by classroom-based approaches. Recently, research apprenticeships wherein learners worked with practicing scientists on authentic scientific research have become increasingly popular. The purpose of this critical review of the literature was to review and synthesize empirical studies that have explored learning outcomes associated with research apprenticeships for science learners. We reviewed 53 studies of scientific research apprenticeship experiences for secondary students, undergraduates and teachers, both pre-service and in-service. The review explored various learning outcomes associated with participation in research apprenticeships. These outcomes included effects of apprenticeship experiences on participant career aspirations, ideas about the nature of science (NOS), understandings of scientific content, confidence for doing science and intellectual development. The extant literature supported many of the presumed positive associations between apprenticeship experiences and desired learning outcomes, but findings related to some themes (e.g., NOS understandings) supported conflicting conclusions. Implications included importance of the length of the apprenticeship, need to explicitly place attention on desired outcomes, and engagement of participants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:235–256, 2010
Ethics in accounting education: What is really being done

Recent developments in the business world have caused the academic community to address the coverage of ethics in the accounting curriculum. This study surveyed accounting faculty to: (1) examine perceptions about ethics coverage in the undergraduate accounting courses; (2) identify teaching methods used to include ethics in the undergraduate accounting courses, the perceived effectiveness of those methods and the amount of time spent on ethics coverage; and (3) to identify problems encountered in including ethics in accounting courses. The study found that although a large majority of the professors surveyed (77%) said they include ethics, 69% felt that there was a need for more ethics coverage. Also, the study revealed that while the lecture method was the most commonly used method, the written case was deemed the most effective method. The average time spent covering ethics was a little over 3 hours per course. The most significant problems encountered by faculty who include ethics in their undergraduate accounting courses was not enough time and lack of appropriate ethics materials.
Morphological Variations within the Ontogeny of Deinonychus antirrhopus (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae)

This research resulted from the determination that MCZ 8791 is a specimen of Deinonychus antirrhopus between one and two years of age and that the morphological variations within particular growth stages of this taxon have yet to be described. The primary goal of the research is to identify ontogenetic variations in this taxon. Histological analyses determined that the Deinonychus specimens AMNH 3015 and MOR 1178 were adults. Comparisons are made between MCZ 8791 and these adult specimens. The holotype, YPM 5205, and the other associated specimens of this taxon within the YPM collection are similar in size and morphology to AMNH 3015. Further comparisons were made with the three partial specimens OMNH 50268, MCZ 4371, and MOR 1182. Although these specimens represent only a partial ontogenetic series, a number of morphological variations can be described. One secondary goal of this research is to compare the known pattern of variable, informative, ontogenetic characters in MCZ 8791 to a similar pattern of morphological characters in the sub-adult dromaeosaurid specimen Bambiraptor feinbergorum, AMNH FR: 30556. If the characters that have been determined to represent variable juvenile morphology in the ontogeny of Deinonychus are exhibited in Bambiraptor, this study will begin the process of determining whether a similar, conservative, ontogenetic pattern exists throughout the rest of Dromaeosauridae. If defensible, it may reduce the number of sympatric taxa within this clade. The other secondary goal relates to the forelimb function. The approximate body size, forelimb length, wrist development, and the presence of a more prominent olecranon on the ulna of MCZ 8791 support the hypothesis that juveniles of this taxon possessed some form of flight capability.
An Expert System For Diagnosis In Traditional Chinese Medicine

An expert system is being developed for diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine. This system empolys both deductive and differential reasonings. In addition, randomization is added to the system for the selection of hypotheses and production rules. This helps in improving systems performance and flexibility.
Electrical transport measurements of nanotubes with known (n, m) indices

Because subtle changes in physical structure (chirality) can cause the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes to vary from metallic to semiconducting, the goal of fully controlled nanotube device fabrication has proved elusive. Using a mechanical transfer technique in parallel with optical characterization, we have achieved the goal of placing 'the nanotube we want, where we want it'. Long nanotubes are grown by CVD across a slit etched through a Si wafer and then examined by Rayleigh scattering. By combining this technique with structural characterization by electron diffraction, we are able to map each spectrum to a unique (n, m) structure. After structural characterization, a chosen nanotube can be transferred to a substrate in the desired location, and devices fabricated using standard e-beam lithography techniques. We have fabricated a number of devices in this manner and are beginning to fully explore the detailed relationship between structure and transport.
Framing multiple others and international norms: the migrant worker advocacy movement and Korean national identity reconstruction

. This paper analyses the discourse of the migrant worker advocacy movement in South Korea to examine how activists' strategic framing can expedite the mobilisation of international norms despite significant cultural barriers. Korean activists argue on behalf of migrant workers that adopting international norms will help the Korean nation gain more respect from other nation-states and that international norms are not antithetical to the true nature of the Korean nation. These framing strategies have enabled Korean activists to mobilise international norms despite cultural barriers. However, such a framing strategy does not cultivate a truly inclusive nationhood; Korean activists have circumvented cultural barriers, but have not overcome or transformed them.
Disturbance and species displacement: different tolerances to stream drying and desiccation in a native and an invasive crayfish

Summary 1. Crayfish are among the most threatened taxa in the world and invasive crayfish are the primary cause of the decline of native crayfish. Most research has emphasised biotic interactions as the mechanism by which native crayfish are displaced by invasives, although crayfish occupy variable environments and the role of disturbance in facilitating crayfish invasion and displacement is understudied. 2. We compared tolerance to a disturbance, stream drying, in a native and invasive crayfish as a potential mechanism to explain their distribution. Our experiments and observations were conducted across scales, from laboratory environmental chambers to stream mesocosms to field sampling. We hypothesised that the invasive crayfish would be more tolerant of desiccation than the native, and that this physiological distinction between the two would be reflected in their distribution in relation to stream drying. 3. In the laboratory, the native crayfish Orconectes eupunctus was less tolerant of desiccation than the invasive Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus, with all native crayfish dying within 2 days without water, while some of the invasive crayfish survived for nearly 2 weeks. Under simulated stream drying in mesocosms, only the native O. eupunctus survived less well than in a control. Field sampling demonstrated a significant negative relationship between O. eupunctus density and low summer flows, while O. neglectus density was positively associated with low summer flows. The greater resistance of O. neglectus to drying could, through priority effects, inhibit recolonisation by O. eupunctus once flow resumes. 4. Abiotic disturbances are potentially important to the displacement of native by invasive crayfish. Disturbance mediated displacement of aquatic species provides both an opportunity to conserve native species by maintaining or restoring habitat and disturbance regimes and is also a challenge due to increasing human water demand, flow regime alteration and global climate change.
Ecological Dosimetry: Radiation Levels Influenced by Plant Growth

The feasibility of using lithium-7-fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters under field conditions for natural radiation at levels of 5 milliroentgens is demonstrated. Radiation dosages in tree trunks increased threefold from winter to spring and summer. This increase is attributed to the gamma radiation field resulting from relatively high levels of potassium-40 and other radionuclides present in the foliage and branches during the growing season.
Abdominal abscess. II. Diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography and comparison with ultrasonography

Abstract In our experience, a combination of Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic examinations is attended by a probability of less than 10% in failing to detect an intraabdominal abscess. Viewed as individual procedures, CT had an overall diagnostic accuracy between 80% and 85%, whereas the accuracy of US was 61%. A positive CT diagnosis denotes a 94% probability that a mass lesion is pressnt in the abdomen while a positive US diagnosis denotes a probability between 81% and 84%. The present patient sample suggests that between 62% and 72% of patients with negative CT diagnoses do not have an abscess, with a corresponding level of confidence of negative US diagnoses being restricted to 46 to 53%. It is to be emphasized that the cata was derived from a rather high risk patient population in which about two-thirds of the cases were found to be localized abscesses or other mass lesions. Patient-related factors are much more likely to render an ultrasonographic examination totally useless than is the case with CT.
Processing models and characterization of thermoplastic composite wound parts

Squeezing flow was adopted to model the processing of thermoplastic composites in filament winding. It is found that the resin flow is facilitated as a result of the slip condition, thus reducing the process times. An apparatus with a constant dead weight was employed to characterize the rheology of the thermoplastic composite in filament winding. The system is carbon fiber (AS4) reinforced with the polyetherketone-ketone (PEKK) thermoplastic matrix. It is found that resin flow is dominant in the transverse fiber direction and there is insignificant flow along the fiber direction. An empirical equation of viscosity for AS4/PEKK as a function of temperature was obtained based on the model. For mechanical properties, either in a 4-point bending test or a short beam shear test, most of the hoop wound rings failed at the inside radius or on the compression side. Insufficiently applied heat and a cold mandrel in the beginning of the winding process may result in low degree of consolidation on the compression side. The average void content of the hoop wound ring is lower than that of the preimpregnated tow because of void compression through resin flow during the winding process.
Advertising expenditure, intangible value and risk: A study of restaurant companies

Abstract This study investigates the relationships between advertising expenditure, intangible value, and risk in stock returns of restaurant firms between 2000 and 2005. Tobin's Q was used to examine intangible value, and the variance of common stock return was used to measure the investment risk. The results indicate that the level of advertising expenditure has a significant positive effect on the intangible value of the firm, suggesting that advertising expenditures could help generate intangible value in restaurant firms. However, this study did not support a significant relationship between the advertising expenditure level and the stock return risk of restaurant firms.
Scaling the Dynamic Capacitor (D-CAP) to medium voltages

The concept of Dynamic Capacitor or D-CAP has been previously introduced by the authors. D-CAP is able to provide dynamic VAR and harmonic compensation in one single integrated unit. The topology is based on an AC chopper with the control based on the novel concept of virtual quadrature sources, where energy is exchanged between virtual sources at different frequency, instead of between DC and AC sources such as in voltage source inverters (VSIs). This paper addresses issues pertaining to scaling of the D-CAP to Medium Voltage levels that include safe commutation of the switches, equal voltage sharing, good spectral content, and fault tolerance in direct AC converters such as the D-CAP. Different topologies for scaling to higher voltages with their respective advantages and disadvantages are presented.
Quantal Density Functional Theory of Excited States

We explain by quantal density functional theory the physics of mapping from any bound nondegenerate excited state of Schrodinger theory to an S system of noninteracting fermions with equivalent density and energy. The S system may be in a ground or excited state. In either case, the highest occupied eigenvalue is the negative of the ionization potential. We demonstrate this physics with examples. The theory further provides a new framework for calculations of atomic excited states including multiplet structure.
Numerical chaos, roundoff errors, and homoclinic manifolds.

The focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is numerically integrated over moderate to long time intervals. In certain parameter regimes small errors on the order of roundoff grow rapidly and saturate at values comparable to the main wave. Although the constants of motion are nearly preserved, a serious phase instability (chaos) develops in the numerical solutions. The instability is found to be associated with homoclinic structures and the underlying mechanisms apply equally well to many Hamiltonian wave systems.
The center and circumference of silence: Yoga, poststructuralism, and the rhetoric of paradox

In recent decades sacred experience in general, and in particular that of silence, has been interrogated by poststructuralist theory. This critique argues against the naming of a condition that it perceives as being separate from discursive representation, casting such a condition as a 'metaphysics' that sees itself as separate from social and cultural conditions (see, for instance, Derrida 1978: Chapter 4). Hindu philosophies of meditative silence, built as they are upon an examination of nondiscursive realms, quite naturally fall prey to certain of these poststructuralist arguments. Jacques Derrida, for one, depicts the condition of the unsaid as a 'violence of primitive and prelogical silence' (1978: 130). Silence, he maintains, is a condition only of cultural oppression, a 'violence' that the speaking subject must try to overthrow if one is to have any psychological or cultural power. For the postmodern sensibility in general, silence is most often a 'death' that threatens the power to make meaning. Specifically, silence hinders symbolic access to experience; furthermore, in the absence of any 'meaning' it even prevents the endless 'play' of words---or, as Michel Foucault describes, 'mirrors' --themselves, a play of discourse that alone contains, as he argues, 'a single power' that prevents the speaking subject from falling into the abyss of silence:
Television viewing and physical activity in children.

Abstract Purpose This study examined the relationship between television viewing (TV) and physical activity (PA) in children during the school year. Methods Participants were 80 children (n = 40 boys) aged 9 to 12 years. A four-day assessment of PA using an accelerometer was conducted, and a daily TV log was maintained. Correlational analyses were made to determine the associations between TV and PA across different days of the week and across different times of the day. Results The PA and TV relationship ( r = −.086) for all children, while controlling for gender and body mass index (BMI) was not statistically significant. Additional results indicated three significant after-school time periods for PA and TV in boys ( r = −.30, p = .03; r = −.37, p = .01; r = −.32, p = .02). Additionally, boys who watched no TV were significantly more active during two time periods immediately after school than boys who watched any TV ( p = .006; p = .048, respectively). Similar trends were seen for girls; however, none were significant. Conclusions If TV limits PA, it most likely occurs after school. After school, parents and others can provide active play opportunities and limit TV watching. If increased activity is the goal, then limiting TV watching and creating opportunities for activity should be made.
Light scattering of isoionic conalbumin

Summary A new simplified preparation of conalbumin utilizing electrophoresis-convection has been described. Light-scattering measurements of isoionic conalbumin in 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 M NaCl and in salt-free solutions are reported. A molecular weight of 76,200 and a root-mean-square charge of 3.5 protonic units have been obtained. The light-scattering results are consistent with the concepts that the attractive forces are principally due to fluctuating charges, and that conalbumin is a monodisperse protein.
The Induction of Five Rat Hepatic P450 Cytochromes by Phenobarbital and Similarly Acting Compounds Is Regulated by a Sexually Dimorphic, Dietary-Dependent Endocrine Factor That Is Highly Strain Specific

Abstract The phenobarbital (PB)-mediated expression of five forms of cytochrome P450 (CYP2A1, CYP2B1, CYP2B2, CYP2C6, and CYP3A1) and epoxide hydrolase has been examined in male and female rats from three inbred strains [Fischer (F344), Wistar Furth (WF), and Wistar Kyoto (WK)]. Evidence is presented that the regulation of induction of each protein involves a very similar endocrine control process. Each induction shows the same marked strain differences that are observable to a much greater extent in females than in males. The differences are largely removed by hypophysectomy and are each greatly enhanced by a shift in diet (standard [Teklad (W)8604] to defined [Teklad AIN-76A]). The induction of each gene in female rats, as measured by specific immunoblots, follows the same strain selectivity (F344 ⪢ WK > WF). These differences were similarly demonstrated in isoform-specific metabolism and comparable variations in the levels of the specific P450 mRNA suggest that these differences reflect alterations in gene transcription. For CYP3A1, CYP2B1, and CYP2B2, the differences between the P344 and WF strains approach 10-fold when using the defined diet, while the differences decreased approximately 3-fold with the standard chow, in parallel with much more effective induction of total P450. The same trend was also observed for the induction of CYP2A1, CYP2C6, and epoxide hydrolase, but the differences were less because of higher constitutive levels which were insensitive to these effects and smaller induction factors. These strain differences were not observed for CYP1A2, which is unresponsive to PB. Similar sex- and strain-selectivity for each P450 gene occurs for D-limonene, a structurally and chemically dissimilar PB-type inducer. Each of these measurements indicates a suppression of expression in female WF rats relative to a set of similar levels in male WF rats and F344 rats of both sexes. Hypophysectomy relieves the suppression through selective stimulation of induced levels in female WF rats. Many of the same differences between the F344 and WF strains can be observed in the very low basal expression of these PB-inducible genes. Thus, we have identified a gender-selective, pituitary-mediated polymorphism that probably affects basal regulatory factors.
Heat-resistant thermoplastic/ chromic acid anodized Ti-6Al-4V single lap bond evaluation

Abstract Structural, heat-resistant thermoplastic adhesives were evaluated in single lap bonds. The amorphous thermoplastics tested were polyphenylquinoxaline, glass filled Ultem polyetherimide, unfilled Ultem polyetherimide, and Victerex polyethersulfone. The adherend was chromic acid anodized Ti-6Al-4V, tested unprimed and primed with Lica 44 titanate. Initial bond strengths were similar for all adhesives. In general, Lica 44 titanate primer did not affect bond strength. Bond strength was not influenced by 170°C ageing, but 232°C ageing did decrease bond strength when polyphenylquinoxaline was the adhesive. Failure occurred primarily in the adhesive fillet and propagated into the unprimed or primed anodic oxide/polymer interphase.
Does stenting save lives? Understanding the strengths and limitations of meta-analysis.

In May of 1994, the Food and Drug Administration pproved the Palmaz-Schatz stent for elective use to educe rates of restenosis in selected patients after baloon angioplasty. Over the next several years, contined refinements in stent design including the developent of more flexible and conformable stents, variable engths, and high-pressure delivery systems improved oth ease of use and affordability. With these further evelopments, the cardiology community rapidly dopted stenting into standard clinical practice, and tent usage increased from 3.9% in 1994 to 48.5% beween 1995 and 1997 and 70.5% between 1997 and 998. Despite the near-universal adoption of coronary tenting as the default strategy for percutaneuos coroary intervention (PCI), several important questions bout this technology remain. Foremost among these nresolved issues is whether stenting has truly imroved the safety of PCI or whether the only benefit as been one of improved durability and reduced retenosis. In particular, although the benefits of coroary stenting for restenosis are well-accepted (having een demonstrated in multiple clinical trials), it is unnown whether stenting also reduces the “hard” clinial end points of death or myocardial infarction (MI) ompared with conventional percutaneous translumial coronary angioplasty (PTCA). In this issue of the Journal, Al Suwaidi and coleagues have used the techniques of meta-analysis to rovide important insights into these unresolved quesions. Altogether, they identified 22 published randomzed trials involving 9600 patients. Using both fixed ffects and random effects models, they failed to idenify any significant effect of stenting on either death or onfatal MI (or reinfarction) across the spectrum of rials included in their meta-analysis. Moreover, the ffects of stenting were comparable in a variety of subroups including patients undergoing treatment of na-
Initiating engineering outreach reference services: background and practice

Purpose – This paper seeks to present a history of the initiations of an outreach or satellite reference service and analysis based on experience with the project.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology involved an online survey, e‐mail queries, and in‐person surveys.Findings – A successful program was initiated in one site, but a second site failed to thrive. Evaluation of the second site led to the creation of criteria by which to judge future sites.Research limitations/implications – This article contains a survey which is not statistically valid, which offers anecdotal insight into current reference outreach practice. A method of creating an outreach program is offered, along with pitfalls associated with that method.Practical implications – This article offers a method of evaluation for physical sites external to the library that may be potential sites of reference services.Originality/value – Builds on current practice in engineering libraries and creates a more concrete method for initiating ...
Solid-state (Solid-substrate) food/beverage fermentations involving fungi

“Solid-substrate” fermentation developed in the Orient is a very useful fermentation method. It is presently used to produce a variety of foods, beverages and related products. Solid-substrate fermentation products utilizing fungi including soy sauce, miso and tempe, ontjom, sake, and bread have been produced for centuries at the home and village level. They are examples of economical methods of preserving and improving the flavor, texture and nutritive values of cereal/legume substrates. “Solid-substrate” fermentation is also applied to animal products such as milk to produce Roquefort and Camembert cheeses which diversify the food flavors available to man “Solid-substrate”fermentation has certain advantages. The substrate is concentrated; the product can be extracted with relatively small quantities of solvent; the product can be easily dehydrated; moisture level can be controlled favoring the desired organisms; enzyme concentration is generally higher than is submerged fermentation; product concentration is generally higher than in submerged cultures; it is the only technique that yields true mushroom fruiting bodies and it can be used not only for production of crude enzyme concentrates (koji) but also for raising the protein content of high starch substrates. It also can be used to increase the content of vitamins at low cost. Disadvantages of “solid-substrates”from the modern industrial processing view point are the greater difficulty of handling solid substrate and the greater difficulty of controlling the fermentation parameters, temperature, pH and oxygen, and rate of microbial growth compared with liquid submerged fermentations.
Time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation and nonintegrable quantum phase

We shall show how the so-called Berry's or quantum nonintegrable phase appears in the context of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations. It is shown that the right requantization of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations is achieved only when Berry's phase is properly taken into account.
Monte Carlo modeling of the net effects of coma scattering and thermal reradiation on the energy input to cometary nucleus

A Monte Carlo simulation method is presented that can, to an accuracy of a few percent, calculate the effects of a dusty coma on the total energy input to the cometary nucleus. This method treats nonconservative nonisotropic scattering, as well as the reflection from the nucleus surface. Results are presented as a function of the optical thickness of the dust column in the sun-comet axis. The total energy input to the nucleus appears to be only weakly dependent on the opacity of the coma, the radial distribution of the dust, or the details of the extinction processes.
Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Human Leiomyoma Cells

Objective To investigate the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an extract of green tea on cultured human leiomyoma cells (HuLM). Design Laboratory study. Setting University hospitals. Patient(s) Not applicable. Intervention(s) Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s) The HuLM cells were treated with various EGCG concentrations. Cell proliferation was assayed using Hoechst 33258 dye, and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Total RNA was isolated, and gene expression profiling was performed on 84 key genes related to 18 different signal transduction pathways. The protein levels of PCNA, CDK4, BCL2, and BAX were examined by Western blot analysis. Result(s) The HuLM cells treated with EGCG showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. The TUNEL staining indicated a significant increase in apoptosis in HuLM cells treated with 100 μM of EGCG compared with untreated control. Gene expression profiling indicated that EGCG treatment up-regulated representative genes from the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and stress pathways, while inhibiting the survival pathway and NFκB–dependent inflammatory pathway. Western blot analysis confirmed that EGCG at ≥50 μM significantly decreased the expression of PCNA, CDK4, and BCL2 as well as increased the expression of the proapoptotic BAX in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion(s) Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the proliferation of HuLM cells and induces apoptosis. These results suggest that EGCG may be a potential anti-uterine fibroid agent acting through multiple signal transduction pathways.
Fatty Acid Acylation of Rat Brain Myelin Proteolipid Protein In Vitro: Identification of the Lipid Donor

Abstract: The immediate acyl chain donor for fatty acid esterification of proteolipid protein (PLP) was identified in an in vitro system. Rat brain total membranes, after removal of crude nuclear and mitochondrial fractions, were incubated with radioactive acyl donors, extracted with chlorofrm/methanol, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of [3H]palmitic acid, CoA, ATP, and Mg2+, acylation of endogenous PLP occurred at a linear rate for at least 2 h. The radioactivity was associated with the protein via an ester linkage, mainly as palmitic acid. Omission of ATP, CoA, Mg2+, or all three reduced fatty acid incorporation into PLP to 44, 27, 8, and 4%, respectively, of the values in the complete system. Incubation of the membrane fraction with [3H]palmitoyl-CoA in the absence of CoA and ATP led to highly labeled PLP. These data demonstrate that activation of free fatty acid is required for acylation. Phospholipids and glycolipids were not able to acylate the PLP directly. Finally, when isolated myelin was incubated with [3H]palmitoyl-CoA in the absence of cofactors, only PLP was labeled, thus confirming the identity of palmitoyl-CoA as the direct acyl chain donor and suggesting that the acylating activity and the PLP pool available for acylation are both in the myelin.
“You can't see them from sitting here”: Evaluating beach user understanding of a rip current warning sign

Abstract Rip current warning signs complement lifeguards and flags on many beaches globally to alert beach users to the danger of rip currents and to inform beach users about how to identify and avoid rip currents. Although rip current warning signs, such as the sign distributed by the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), are an important part of any beach safety program, their effectiveness is unknown. Moreover, we do not know how beach users respond to or perceive the rip-current warnings represented graphically and textually. Here we report on a spatially and temporally randomized survey of 392 beach users from three heavily frequented public beaches in Texas (Galveston, Port Aransas, and Corpus Christi) at the height of the summer beach season in 2012. Beach users were asked to respond to the rip current warning sign developed in 2003–2004 by the U.S. Rip Current Task Force. Nearly half of respondents did not notice any warning sign when approaching the beach. When prompted by enumerators with the Task Force sign, 44.5% of beach users found the sign was “helpful” or “very helpful” to their ability to identify a rip current. However, more than half of beach users had difficulty translating the rip current image into a feature observable while standing or sitting on the shore. Many beach users will respond to a warning sign showing the rip current from the perspective of place, rather than the aerial view representing the ocean as space. This realization guides our specific suggestions for improving the current NOAA warning signs.
CAISYS-8--a CAI language developed for a minicomputer.

Abstract A minicomputer based Computer Aided Instruction System is described. The system employs a new, teacher oriented software package called CAISYS-8. Programs written by teachers, instead of by programmers, are processed by the CAISYS-8 Compiler to yield computer automated teaching programs. The CAISYS-8 Operating System accepts and administers traditional and tutorial programs, simulation programs, drill type programs and automated testing programs.
Prospective randomized study comparing the clinical outcomes between inferior vena cava Greenfield and TrapEase filters.

Objective Although anticoagulation remains the mainstay of treatment for deep venous thrombosis, the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters when anticoagulation has failed or when contraindicated remains a safe and effective treatment. Greenfield (Boston Scientific, Natick, Mass) and TrapEase (Cordis, Bridgewater, NJ) filters are arguably among the most popular filtration devices. The Greenfield filter (12F introducer) has been in use for >30 years and has been well studied. The TrapEase filter (6F introducer) has been used since 2000, with a limited number of studies. Good guidelines to help determine which filter to use in any given situation are lacking; therefore, this randomized study prospectively compared the clinical outcomes (access-site thrombosis, filter thrombosis, and symptomatic pulmonary embolism [PE]) between these filters. Methods Between July 2006 and November 2008, 156 patients (63 men, 93 women; mean age, 75 years; range, 38-101 years) were randomized: 84 to Greenfield and 72 to TrapEase IVC filter insertion in the infrarenal position using angiographic guidance. Postoperative follow-up comprised serial lower extremity and IVC/iliac vein (IV) duplex imaging (78.2%) at day 1, week 1, every 3 months for the first year, and every 6 months for the second year; clinical evaluation, and clinic visits. During this period, 349 patients (143 men, 206 women; mean age, 75 years; range, 24-96 years) were not randomized. Result The indications for filter placement, in the 156 randomized patients, were gastrointestinal bleeding, 37; intracranial hemorrhage, 12; free-floating clot, 19; failure of anticoagulation, 29; PE, 27; prophylactic, 4; and others, 32. During a mean 12-month follow-up (range, 0-39 months), symptomatic IVC/IV thrombosis developed in five patients (6.94%) in the TrapEase group and none in the Greenfield group (P = .019). No filter migration, access-site thrombosis, misplacement, or IVC perforation occurred. Recurrent PE was suspected in one of the five patients with IVC/IV thrombosis. Overall mortality was 42.3% (66 patients), and 30-day mortality was 13.5% (21 patients: 10 TrapEase, 11 Greenfield). The study was initially designed to recruit 360 patients in both TrapEase and Greenfield filters in 2 years to demonstrate any statistical significance but was prematurely concluded due to the interim results. Conclusion A higher rate of symptomatic IVC/IV thrombosis is associated with TrapEase filter placement. However, the TrapEase filter still has a selective clinical role in the prevention of thromboembolism in selected patients who are coagulopathic. This is the first randomized prospective study comparing IVC filters since their inception in 1967.
Placement of an endosseous implant in a growing child with ectodermal dysplasia

This article reports placement of a single mandibular endosseous implant in a 5-year-old patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and oligodontia. This congenital anomaly does not appear to retard healing and the osseointegration remains after 512 years of loading. Surgical, prosthodontic, and growth and development considerations are presented.
Novel developmental specificity in the nervous system of transgenic animals expressing growth hormone fusion genes

The development of methods for introducing foreign genes into the germ line of mice provides an approach for studying mechanisms underlying inducible and developmental gene regulation1–3. Transgenic animals expressing foreign genes have thus been used to test models of the role played by specific DNA sequences in determining cell-specific expression. Results from these experiments suggest that tissue-specific expression is the consequence of a cis-acting regulatory sequence4–11. However, these results do not exclude the possibility that cell-specific expression of some genes might be ‘coded’ by combinations of regulatory elements. We have previously described the production of transgenic mice from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-I/growth hormone (MGH) fusion genes12, and now demonstrate that the juxtaposition of sequences from two different genes can be deciphered by cells to generate novel tissue specificities. Although expression of the endogenous metallothionein and growth hormone genes has not been detected in neuronal cells, transgenic mice clearly express an MGH fusion gene in a restricted subset of neurones. These results suggest a model in which tissue-specific patterns of expression of certain genes are determined by combinations of cis-acting regulatory sequences.
Finite-memory algorithms for estimating the mean of a Gaussian distribution (Corresp.)

Let \{X_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty} be independent random variables, each having a \mathcal{N}(\mu, \sigma^2) distribution. If we try to estimate \mu with an m -state learning algorithm, then the minimum mean-squared error is bounded below by that obtained by the best m -level quantizer (which requires knowledge of \mu ). Here we show that this lower bound is tight. The results are easily extended to a number of other problems, such as estimating the mean \theta of a uniform distribution.
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: novel lymphangiomatosis-like growth pattern within the uterus and immunohistochemical analysis

Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome is a rare, primarily sporadic condition characterized by vascular lesions principally involving the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Although considered a venous malformation, telangiectatic capillaries, arteriovenous malformations, and lymphangiomas have been reported, but a lymphangiomatosis-like growth pattern has not been described. This case of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome demonstrated a labyrinth of variably sized vascular spaces lined by an attenuated layer of bland endothelial cells, dissecting uterine tissues and sequestering remaining myometrium. Immunohistochemical profile of lesional endothelial cells from the myometrium included strong, diffuse CD31; variable CD34; strong, patchy D2-40; weak, patchy factor VIII-related antigen; focal linear subendothelial collagen type IV; Ki-67 in 1% of cells; and no GLUT-1 or WT1 expression. This report expands the morphological spectrum of vascular lesions in Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome to include a lymphangiomatosis-like growth pattern and the immunohistochemistry suggests dual vascular and lymphatic differentiation, supporting the current belief that these lesions are malformations.
The use of rituximab and bendamustine in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has renal failure with large kidneys. The patient refused kidney biopsy to determine the aetiology of her renal failure. She uses peritoneal dialysis to treat renal failure. She received rituximab and bendamustine to treat chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Adenopathy resolves with treatment and she does not experience any electrolyte disturbances or decrease in urine output as a result of chemotherapy in the setting of renal failure. Renal function did not recover with chemotherapy.