cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Use of Integer Programming versus Evolutionary Solver in Spreadsheet Optimization

The introduction of the evolutionary solver in Frontline Systems' Premium Solver for Education allows students to use any functions in Excel for modeling optimization problems. As a result, instructors teaching optimization now face a dilemma of how much emphasis to place on “traditional” integer programming versus the unrestricted but heuristic approach of the evolutionary solver. Our goal in this work is to shed some light on the tradeoffs in these two modeling approaches. We discuss some experimental results comparing the two approaches for a number of well-known problem types. We also report some observations of student performance with these two different approaches.
It’s Too Late to Apologize: Therapist Embarrassment and Shame

The purpose of this study was to identify events in which therapists felt embarrassment, shame, or both in a therapy session and to investigate the relationship of the embarrassing-shameful events with the therapist reactions. Ninety-three therapists participated in this study, and the most frequent events reported were having a scheduling mistake, forgetting or confusing client information, being visibly tired, falling asleep, and arriving late. Implications and need for further research, particularly concerning the effects of therapist embarrassment and shame on therapy process and outcome, are discussed.
System issues in the implementation of sensory neural network photodetector arrays

System-level design considerations are described that are necessary for extracting useful signal preprocessing functions from sparsely-interconnected photodetector arrays. Particular emphasis is placed upon the monolithic implementation of such neural networks with focal plane imaging arrays. The most promising fabrication technologies and system architectures are described for a number of neural network implementations. >
A High-Performance Semi-Supervised Learning Method for Text Chunking

In machine learning, whether one can build a more accurate classifier by using unlabeled data (semi-supervised learning) is an important issue. Although a number of semi-supervised methods have been proposed, their effectiveness on NLP tasks is not always clear. This paper presents a novel semi-supervised method that employs a learning paradigm which we call structural learning. The idea is to find "what good classifiers are like" by learning from thousands of automatically generated auxiliary classification problems on unlabeled data. By doing so, the common predictive structure shared by the multiple classification problems can be discovered, which can then be used to improve performance on the target problem. The method produces performance higher than the previous best results on CoNLL'00 syntactic chunking and CoNLL'03 named entity chunking (English and German).
Development of an adaptive disturbance rejection system for the rapidly deployable stable platform—Part 2: Controller design and closed loop response

Currently, both military and civilian operations that require at-sea cargo transfers are severely limited by environmental conditions and loading forces that induce vessel motions. To increase the robustness of at-sea cargo transfer to these environmental conditions and loading forces, efforts have recently been made toward an actively controlled, rapidly deployable stable platform (RDSP). The purpose of the research presented here is to implement an output feedback adaptive controller and adaptive disturbance rejection scheme that will mitigate the effect of environmental conditions and reject disturbances caused by various loading situations. Because of the controller's distinct ability to adapt to various operating conditions, anticipate and reject load disturbances of unknown magnitude, and adjust to stay within input saturation constraints, the framework is a good fit for the RDSP. Three missions are considered using a previously developed 3 degree of freedom simulation of a 1/10th scale RDSP prototype. Results show successful mitigation of load disturbances and a significant reduction in pitch motions using a control command that remains within the given amplitude and rate constraints. In the case of cargo transfer operations, the adaptive control system is able to significantly increase the cargo throughput by rejecting the disturbances before they are able to cause large pitching dynamics.
The Active Management of Depression

While family physicians play a leading role in caring for patients with major depression, the quality of that care that could be greatly improved. A 1997 to 1998 survey of a national sample of adults with depressive or anxiety disorders revealed that 83% of these patients visited a health care provider. 1 Of this total, 84% were treated by primary care clinicians, compared with 16% who were treated by mental health professionals. However, about 90% of those cared for by mental health professionals received treatment that met criteria for adequacy outlined in treatment guidelines, compared with 19% of those cared for by primary care professionals. A critical role for family physicians is to integrate treatment of depression with that of other conditions, especially in light of the association of depression with a variety of chronic diseases. The Institute of Medicine has concluded that depression is strongly associated with the occurrence of, and death following, myocardial infarctions. 2 In diabetes, depression is associated with a 2% increase in glycosylated hemoglobin levels 3 and can predict occurrence of diabetic complications. Additionally, chronic illnesses may, in themselves, exacerbate depression several fold. Primary care clinicians are ideally positioned to serve as the central health care providers for patients with major depression. These physicians have many attributes that support this role, including their longitudinal relationship with patients, response to undifferentiated problems, frequent use of the biopsychosocial model, and ability to integrate care of mental and medical conditions. However, challenges in fulfilling this role also exist, including difficulties in recognizing patients with major depression, developing an adequate diagnostic initial assessment, implementing effective short- and long-term treatment and management strategies, and integrating care of depression with that of other conditions affecting patients. 4 This article will review each of these challenges.
History of drug use predicts opioid treatment agreement violation.

Objective: To determine reasons and describe characteristics of patients who violate their opioid treatment agreement. Design: Cross-sectional retrospective study. Participants: New patients aged 18 years or above attending a multidisciplinary comprehensive pain management clinic from January 2012 to June 2012. Main outcome measure: Reason for discharge from the clinic. Results: Of the 234 subjects in the study, 38.5 percent were discharged due to treatment agreement violation. A majority had a self-reported history of tobacco use, followed by alcohol and marijuana. The mean age of discharge was 45.1 years (SD 11.6) and they were discharged on average in 7.4 months after their first clinic visit. The primary reason for discharge was for an inappropriate urine drug screen (UDS) with illicit drug use being the most common at 40 percent and marijuana being the most common illicit drug. Subjects reporting a history of any drug use were nearly seven times more likely to be discharged. Hydrocodone was the most common nonprescribed opioid found in the UDS for those discharged for using nonprescribed opioids. Conclusion: Inappropriate UDS is a main factor for discharge due to violation of the opioid treatment agreement. Those with self-reported current or prior drug use were more likely to be discharged from the clinic.
X-ray Crystal Structures of Cp*Ni(PEt3)X [X = Br, O(p-C6H4Me), NH(p-C6H4Me), S(p-C6H4Me), OCH3, CH2C6H5, Me, H, PEt3+]. Understanding Distortions and Trans Influences in Cyclopentadienyl Complexes

The syntheses of Cp*Ni(PEt3)Me and Cp*Ni(PEt3)Br have been accomplished, starting from the useful starting material Cp*Ni(PEt3)(acac). The X-ray crystal structures of Cp*Ni(PEt3)X (X = Br, O(p-C6H4Me), NH(p-C6H4Me), S(p-C6H4Me), OCH3, Me, CH2Ph, H, PEt3+) have been determined, providing a large sample of similar structures for the analysis of ring distortions as well as a systematic variation of X in order to evaluate the trans influence felt by opposite sides of the cyclopentadienyl ring. Major advances include demonstration that Cp can reduce its electron donation to a metal without “slipping”, the rational analysis of cyclopentadienyl distortions, and a well-supported trans-influence series for cyclopentadienylmetal complexes. In sum, d8 Cp*NiL2 complexes are similar to d8 NiL4 square-planar complexes in terms of bond lengths, binding geometry, and trans influences.
Role of Coating/Oxide/Steel Interfaces on Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings

Fusion bonded epoxies (FBE) in combination with cathodic protection (CP) are widely used to protect the soil side of buried pipelines from corrosion. Cathodic disbonding of the epoxy coating is a degradation process involving accelerated loss of adhesion of FBE because of chemical and electrochemical processes due to CP. Results are presented from our study to determine the mechanism of cathodic disbonding. A primary focus is on determination of the role of oxygen reduction products, e.g. hydroxide and peroxide, on the stability of interfacial polymer and oxide. Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) experiments identify peroxide generation during oxygen reduction. Oxides on steel in alkaline solutions are identified in situ by a subtractively normalized interfacial Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (SNIFTIRS) technique in a thin-electrolyte FTIR cell. The effects of oxygen reduction products on FBE coatings on steel are determined by ex-situ FTIR-RAS. The interfacial polymer and oxide are examined by FTIR-RAS after cathodic disbonding experiments. SNIFTIRS is also used in situ to monitor polymer degradation due to electrochemically generated species during cathodic protection of steel. This work is supported by the Physical Sciences Division of Gas Research Institute.
Effect of "purple golden bee glue aloe soft capsule" on mice immunologic function

Oblective:To investigate the influence of the purple golden bee glue aloe soft capsule on mouse immunologic function has been carried on to provides experiment basis for development of the product.Methods:The influence experiment of purple golden bee glue aloe soft capsule on mouse immunity adjustment has been carried on through the cellular immunity function,the humoral immunity function,the single nucleus-macrophage function and the 7 targets of the dirty body ratio.Results:The purple golden bee glue aloe soft capsule can enhance the cellular immunity function,the humoral immunity function and the single nucleus-macrophage function.Conclusion:The purple gold bee glue aloe soft capsule can be developed as the health care function food because of its immunity adjustment function.
3D Environment Reconstruction Using Mobile Robot Platform and Monocular Vision

Constructing a 3D map/perception model of an unknown indoor or outdoor environment using robotics is of compelling research nowadays because of the importance of the automatic monitoring system. Available IMU sensors and mobile robot kinematics allow 3D reconstruction to be finished in near real-time using a very low cost robotic platform. In this paper, we describe a framework for dense 3D reconstruction on an inexpensive robotic platform using a webcam and robot wheel odometry. Our experimental results show that our technique is efficient and robust to a variety of indoor and outdoor environment scenarios with different scale and size.
Solving a Model Interface Problem for the Laplace Operator by Boundary Collocation and Applications

Boundary collocation is a method for computing solutions to boundary problems for linear partial differential equations, for which complete families of particular solutions are explicitly known. The method is simple to implement on a computer and has been found to be competitive for many problems of electrical engineering.
Exploring the Inherent Growth of e-Tailing via e-Personalization and Technological Innovations

It is the hope of essentially all e-tailers to deliver personalized and real-time communications to customers that are tailored to their interests, preferences, based on big data mining that customers will value over privacy concerns. The technology e.g., interaction data from segmentation marketing, transactions data, and sophisticated analytics should optimize the customer's journey through the array of brands via unique identifiers from customer's profiles that provide enrichment, not just enlargement, of each brand's value proposition. These interactions can vary from simple transactional e-mails to conversations with product experts and recommended selections based on previous purchases from a variety of websites. Through appropriate multivariate analyses and data-reduction techniques, the basic elements e-personalization, namely online purchasing behaviors, personalized communications, information retrieval services, degree of personal web presence, quality assurance of customer service, and the promotion of customization services, were found to be conceptually and statistically related to retailer benefits of e-personalization e.g., increased buying and creates customer loyalty.
Hormones and Memory

Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream and act on target tissue throughout the body, including the brain. Research conducted over the last several decades indicate that sex and stress hormones released by the gonads and adrenal glands, respectively, are important modulators of cognitive function. The current chapter provides an overview of the effects of these hormones on brain areas critical for learning and memory and on associated behaviors.
Robotic Ureteral Reimplant-the Current Role.

The goal of this article is to review the current role of robotic ureteral reimplant in pediatric patients, specifically in regard to indications, outcomes, and complications. Robotic ureteral reimplant has become an increasingly popular alternative to open ureteral reimplant with overall published success rates between 77–100%. In recent years, larger, multi-institutional studies have been conducted revealing lower success rates and higher complications than previously reported, but the procedure still remains safe and effective in the hands of skilled surgeons. The robotic approach offers shorter hospital stay, decreased post-operative pain, and improved cosmesis, but also results in higher healthcare costs. Robotic ureteral reimplant serves as a minimally invasive alternative to open ureteral reimplant for the properly selected patient in the hands of experience surgeons.
Crystal structure of 2-chloro-1,3-bis-(2,6-diiso-propyl-phen-yl)-1,3,2-di-aza-phospho-lidine 2-oxide.

The title compound, C26H38ClN2OP, was synthesized by reacting phosphoryl chloride with N,N′-bis­(2,6-diiso­propyl­phen­yl)ethane-1,2-di­amine in the presence of N-methyl­morpholine which acted as an auxilliary base to quench the HCl released as a by-product. The resultant N-heterocyclic phosphine five-membered ring adopts a half-chair conformation and features a tetra­coordinate P atom ligated by the chelating di­amine [P—N = 1.6348 (14) and 1.6192 (14) A], one double-bonded O atom [P1—O1 = 1.4652 (12) A] and one Cl atom [P1—Cl1 = 2.0592 (7) A]. The sterically hindered 2,6-diiso­propyl­phenyl (Dipp) groups twist away from the central heterocycle, with torsion angles of −75.66 (19) and 83.39 (19)° for the P—N—Car—Car links. A number of intra­molecular C—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl close contacts occur. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to generate [010] chains. C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed.
The Impact of College

In this chapter, how college impacted the paths these 68 participants took after college are featured. They pursued a variety of fields of study and careers upon leaving their college (whether through attrition or graduation), including education, ministry, civil service, the arts, business and entrepreneurship, and the law. In the narratives that begin this chapter, the participants share what effect they believe their education at their GLCA institution has had on their lives since then.
Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidius terrenus (Sharp) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): New Western U.S. Records of Immigrant Specialists on Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin; Fabaceae)

Abstract. New U.S. records are given for two immigrant Old World insects established on mimosa, Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae), based on collections from 2013 to 2015. The psyllid Acizzia jamatonica is newly reported from Arkansas (11 counties), Louisiana (3 parishes), and Oklahoma (3 counties); the westernmost collection site (95°34′) was in Oklahoma. New state records for the bruchine chrysomelid Bruchidius terrenus are Arkansas (2 counties), Kansas (1 county), Louisiana (3 parishes), Oklahoma (6 counties), and Texas (4 counties); it was taken as far west as 98°00′ in Kansas. Although the foci of introduction for both species are unknown, they might have entered the United States at southeastern ports (coastal, inland, or both) with the shipment of infested mimosa nursery stock from Asia. Following establishment, their spread north and west probably involved natural dispersal and movement of infested host plants (jump dispersal) within the United States.
Strength adaptations of the tibia bone for prescribed sets of isometric forces and joint angles

The isometric exercise induced tibial bone strength adaptations due to various prescribed net resultant forces generated by a leg arranged with specified hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were exam...
Rugged yet lightweight: how can we achieve both in optical instruments?

Today’s optical instruments must be lightweight, rugged, and economical. In the past, these three requirements were usually considered to be mutually exclusive. These demanding requirements are now being satisfied in a new class of optomechanical instrument designs. Creating rugged, yet lightweight optical instruments requires the use of new design techniques. New optomechanical design techniques include new materials, structural optimization, insensitive optical configurations, isolation of systems from environmental effects, and active control. Rugged design implies a severe service environment. Typical severe service environments include mechanical shock, high inertial loading, mechanical vibration, temperature extremes, nuclear radiation, environmental contamination, and user abuse. Effective design requires precise knowledge of both the actual service environment and the effects of the service environment on the system. Lightweight is a controversial word, but is usually taken to mean systems that are lower in mass than conventional systems. For example, a lightweight telescope primary mirror is defined as being lighter than a solid mirror of the same diameter and stiffness. A key parameter in lightweight systems is the ratio of stiffness to weight. This parameter affects response to both inertial and dynamic loading. New materials include both newly developed materials, such as the metal matrix composites, and non-traditional metallic materials, such as titanium. Structural optimization is applied to improve stiffness to weight. Telescope primary mirrors are optimized by contouring the back of the mirror; support structures are optimized so that parts of the structure serve more than one purpose. Insensitive design includes traditional structural practice and clever optical design. An Airy point supported beam is highly resistant to dynamic and inertial loading. Tube bending is compensated by passive optical design in relay systems. Isolation from environmental effects includes the use of enclosures and vibration isolation systems. Finally, active control is used to reduce weight and stiffness of systems, while still maintaining optical alignment through the use of position sensors and actuators. Design examples of rugged and lightweight systems include cryogenic space optics, ultra-lightweight telescopes, and large astronomical astrographic lenses. A 0.5 m, 15 kg, fused silica mirror for the Space Infrared Astronomical Facility operated successfully at 9 K, demonstrating the use of materials selection, structural optimization, and isolation from temperature effects. A series of ultra-lightweight telescopes, up to 0.4 m aperture, employs new metal matrix composite materials, and structural optimization. Passive optical compensation for temperature effects, non-traditional metallic materials, and isolation are effectively employed in a 2 m focal length, f/10 astrometric objective.
Hijacking of Membrane Contact Sites by Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens

Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to hijack host cellular processes to promote their survival and replication inside host cells. Over the past two decades, much attention has been given to the strategies employed by these pathogens to manipulate various vesicular trafficking pathways. But in the past 5 years, studies have brought to light that intracellular bacteria also target non-vesicular trafficking pathways. Here we review how three vacuolar pathogens, namely, Legionella, Chlamydia, and Coxiella hijack components of cellular MCS with or without the formation of stable MCS. A common theme in the manipulation of MCS by intracellular bacteria is the dependence on the secretion of bacterial effector proteins. During the early stages of the Legionella life cycle, the bacteria connects otherwise unrelated cellular pathways (i.e., components of ER-PM MCS, PI4KIIIα, and Sac1 and the early secretory pathway) to remodel its nascent vacuole into an ER-like compartment. Chlamydia and Coxiella vacuoles establish direct MCS with the ER and target lipid transfer proteins that contain a FFAT motif, CERT, and ORP1L, respectively, suggesting a common mechanism of VAP-dependent lipid acquisition. Chlamydia also recruits STIM1, an ER calcium sensor involved in store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) at ER-PM MCS, and elucidating the role of STIM1 at ER-Chlamydia inclusion MCS may uncover additional role for these contacts. Altogether, the manipulation of MCS by intracellular bacterial pathogens has open a new and exciting area of research to investigate the molecular mechanisms supporting pathogenesis.
Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease

A 48-year-old Hispanic man presented with a nodule on the right cheek. The lesion had started as a papule 4 months previously that had slowly enlarged and then plateaued at its present size. The nodule was asymptomatic, and the patient denied bleeding, draining, or preceding trauma. Review of systems was negative for fevers, weight loss, night sweats, lymphadenopathy, or other skin findings. Past medical history was significant only for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.
MalFire: Malware firewall for malicious content detection and protection

The online portion of modern life is growing at an astonishing rate, with the consequence that more of the user's critical information is stored online. This poses an immediate threat to privacy and security of the user's data. This work will cover the increasing dangers and security risks of adware, adware injection, and malware injection. These programs increase in direct proportion to the number of users on the Internet. Each of these programs presents an imminent threat to a user's privacy and sensitive information, anytime they utilize the Internet. We will discuss how current ad blockers are not the actual solution to these threats, but rather a premise to our work. Current ad blocking tools can be discovered by the web servers which often requires suppression of the ad blocking tool. Suppressing the tool creates vulnerabilities in a user's system, but even when the tool is active their system is still susceptible to peril. It is possible, even when an ad blocking tool is functioning, for it to allow adware content through. Our solution to the contemporary threats is our tool, MalFire.
Social support and breast cancer screening in rural Appalachia.

PURPOSE Women in the Appalachian region have a high mortality rate attributable to cancer in spite of lower incidence of cancer compared with the general US population. Empirical evidence suggests that social support influences cancer outcomes, including adherence to screening guidelines and treatment recommendations. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social support on breast cancer screening patterns in a sample of rural Appalachian women. METHODS This paper reports the results of analyses of baseline cross-sectional data on breast cancer screening collected during a community-based group-randomized trial. We used the 2010 National Health Institute Survey questionnaires and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey to assess screening behavior and perceived social support, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and ANOVA to assess the mean social support on breast cancer screening patterns (frequently, irregularly, and rarely/never) and relevant sociodemographic variables. FINDINGS Of the eligible participant records analyzed (N = 289), 50% were married, 36% were employed, 20% attended college, 40% had no mammogram in 6 years, and 20% never had mammograms. Overall social support score was high at 73.1 (SD = 18.2). Association between breast cancer screening patterns and social support scores was not statistically significant at α < 0.05 (P value = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Although social support as it measured in this study does not show significant associations with screening patterns, it is important to understand how social network structures may influence screening patterns. Familial and social roles/responsibilities that result in reported social support may also be the barrier to cancer screening and other prevention health behaviors.
Endocrine control of metabolism in arthropods.

Previous investigations into arthropod metabolism have been restricted to the study of a few representatives of the two classes, Insecta and Crustacea. Thus, progress in the study of the physiology and biochemistry of arthropods is just beginning. In fact, previous to 1950, little information regarding the influence of neuroendocrine systems on their metabolism was recorded, and except where references to earlier classical discoveries are made, the work described in this review is of the past decade.
Constitutional, Political, and Legal Influences

As shown in Fig. 1.1 of Chap. 1, the myriad influences on the US healthcare policy-making process occur within the country’s constitutional framework. Constitutionalism is used to hold both elected and appointed officials politically and legally accountable for their actions. It involves checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, rule of law, due process, and the bill of rights. These arrangements require that our leaders listen, think, bargain, and explain to the electorate the reasoning behind the laws they make (Magleby et al. 2006, p. 6). Therefore, because the Constitution orders and shapes the political, policy-making, and legal processes in the country, this chapter appropriately combines the constitutional, legal, and political influences on the health policy-making process. We begin the discussion with the constitutional environment of the United States.
Biological Weapons Proliferation Concerns

In a speech to the Fourth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in November 1996, U.S. arms control official John Holum said: “Overall, the United States believes that twice as many countries now have or are actively pursuing offensive biological weapons capabilities as when the Convention went into force.”1 Since the U.S. government declines to list proliferators by name, relying on open sources to monitor the spread of biological weapons is a difficult task. Nearly all offensive biological-warfare (BW) programs are undeclared, and information about such efforts is usually highly classified to preserve military secrecy and maintain diplomatic deniability. In recent years, only Iraq and Russia have officially admitted having pursued biological weapons.
Multiple Screens: An Extension of the Game Pong

Besides the GUI screen, usually a game requires other multiple screens, such as, splash screen, setting screen, instruction screen, and the like. How to organize these multiple screens such that only one of them will be visible at a time? This chapter extends the game Pong with an additional splash screen for demonstrating the suitability of the CardLayout manager for that purpose. In addition, the game Pong is further extended with more features, such as, increasing the number of bouncing balls with different animation speeds, changing the objective of the game from bouncing balls to catching balls, in order to explore the significance of the word “extension”.
Association of musculoskeletal pain, fear-avoidance factors, and quality of life in active manual wheelchair users with SCI: A pilot study.

Objective: Limited evidence examines the association of psychological factors, such as fear of movement and pain catastrophizing, with musculoskeletal pain patterns in active manual wheelchair user...
Jenseits des heiligen Textes: Max Webers Fragestellung und die Perspektiven für ein weberianisches Denken

Der Beitrag geht der Genealogie der Charakterisierung und der Aneignungsweisen von Webers Werk und des weberianischen Erbes nach. Das weberianische Erbe entstand allmahlich und folgte einem ausergewohnlichen Pfad. Max Weber hatte niemals die Absicht, eine Denkschule zu begrunden. Gleichwohl ist sein Werk in den Sozialwissenschaften fur verschiedene Zwecke angeeignet worden und hat heute zur Ausbildung eines spezifisch weberianischen Forschungsparadigmas gefuhrt. Webers Ideen haben aber auch in offentlichen Diskursen und in der ganzen Welt Resonanz gefunden, weil sie einen Beitrag zur westlichen philosophischen Tradition darstellen und weiterhin uber die Verhaltnisse unserer modernen rationalisierten Welt Aufschluss geben.
When “Journalism Kids” Do Better: A Reassessment of Secondary and Postsecondary Achievement and Activities:

Using data from the nationally representative Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, this study examined how journalism participation in high school relates to subsequent academic outcomes. The anal...
A Systematic Review of Caregiver-Implemented Functional Analyses

The purpose of this systematic review was to systematically locate and analyze the research on caregiver-implemented functional analyses and subsequent function-based interventions. We included 36 studies and examined multiple features of the studies, including participant demographics, functional analysis characteristics, intervention characteristics, procedural fidelity, risks of bias, and social validity. Overall, the studies showed that caregivers were able to implement functional analyses that yielded differential responding, although few studies reported procedural fidelity data. Caregivers were also able to implement function-based interventions that led to socially significant changes in challenging behavior. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Advanced adhesion enhancement system for high frequency PCB manufacturing

This work demonstrates the development of surface treatment systems of copper which can meet all of the challenges of mobile electronic devices manufacturing for high frequency function. These challenges are low signal loss and enhanced functional performances. The developed surface treatment systems adopted subsequent treatment of organic coating and organosilane coating so called “adhesion promotor” on top of copper surface to provide the strongest possible bond strength. Firstly, this work has been focused upon the relationship between Signal Integrity (SI) data and Surface Roughness Data. The investigation at high frequency region shows the greatest correlation between relative surface area increase (RSAI) and measured signal loss. The loss of measured signal integrity is linearly increased as a function of RSAI increase, due to more augmented effect of the skin effect at high frequency. As the basis for low roughness oxide replacement process (OR HF#1, OR HF1 VS and OR HF#2), modification was done by adjusting different components in the etching solution. Significantly improved signal integrity are shown for all processes. At the same time, adhesion promotor (organic or oganosilane coating) is successfully enhanced adhesion performance and thermal reliability. Adhesion promotor compensating the loss of adhesion performance due to reduced mechanical anchoring of low roughness surface. Further move to the future high frequency electronics manufacturing, advanced adhesion promotor process is developed as alternative. Contrary to oxide replacement, this process is based on ferric sulfate chemistry in etching solution. Combination of low roughness and chemical bond from organosilane coating implies the process as the best fit to high frequency electronics manufacturing, where low insertion loss is required.
Optimal design of novel precursor materials for the atomic layer deposition using computer-aided molecular design

Abstract Nanomaterials and nanostructures with multi-functional properties found widespread applications such as electronics, optics, and coatings that can be fabricated using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). ALD is a vapor phase deposition technique to generate thin films of metals and metal oxides on a substrate. In this process, a precursor, which often comprises of organic functional groups that surround the depositing metal, chemisorbs on the substrate or reacts with the surface sites and with each other. Precursor chemisorption on the substrate leads ALD to be a self-limiting process. Thus, the precursor(s) should be chosen in a way to enhance deposition based on the ALD conditions. For a given application, it is practically impossible to carry out a large number of experiments using numerous precursors with varied deposition conditions to find the one that maximizes the growth rate in ALD. In addition, only existing precursors can be tested experimentally. The overall objective of this work is to develop a computational tool for the in-silico design of precursor materials using adsorbate solid solution theory (ASST). In the first part of this paper, we apply the ASST to derive properties of the functional groups present in the precursor using a new Group Contribution Method (GCM). The GCM is successfully derived and compared with the experimental data from ALD. The method shows good agreement and is useful for the design of novel materials. In the second part of this paper, using the thermodynamic properties as obtained from GCM, we develop a computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) framework for the optimal design of novel precursor materials with enhanced deposition properties for the ALD of metal oxides and metals. The metaheuristic efficient ant colony optimization algorithm (EACO) developed in-house is used for both parts. CAMD is a combinatorial optimization methodology, where molecules with optimal desired properties are generated from functional groups. The precursor selection optimization problem is posed as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, which is solved using EACO. The ALD growth kinetics is used as an objective of optimization and a solution is validated with thermodynamic constraints. Along with the number of groups, the temperature is also included in the optimization framework as decision variables. Forty-one novel titanium precursor molecular structures for ALD are generated with growth rates ranging from 1.23 A/cycle to as high as 1.65 A/cycle. Thus, these precursors have shown growth rates higher than the known titanium precursors. ALD growth rate is found to be a function of the combination of the precursor functional groups as well as temperature with a complex correlation among them.
Social norms and vaccine uptake: College students' COVID vaccination intentions, attitudes, and estimated peer norms and comparisons with influenza vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination may be critical to curtailing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, but herd immunity can only be realized with high vaccination coverage. There is a need to identify empirically supported strategies to increase uptake, especially among young adults as this subpopulation has shown relatively poor adherence to physical distancing guidelines. Social norms - estimates of peers' behavior and attitudes - are robust predictors of health behaviors and norms-based intervention strategies may increase COVID vaccine uptake, once available. This study examined the extent that vaccination intentions and attitudes were associated with estimated social norms as an initial proof-of-concept test. METHOD: In November of 2020, 647 undergraduate students (46.21% response rate) completed online surveys in which they reported intentions to get COVID and influenza vaccines, perceived importance of these vaccines for young adults, and estimated social norms regarding peers' vaccination behaviors and attitudes. RESULTS: Students reported significantly greater intentions to get a COVID vaccine (91.64%) than an influenza vaccine (76.04%), and perceived COVID vaccination as significantly more important than influenza vaccination. The sample generally held strong intentions to receive a COVID vaccine and thought that doing so was of high importance, but participants, on average, perceived that other young adults would be less likely to be vaccinated and would not think vaccination was as important. Multiple regression models indicated that estimated social norms were positively associated with participants' own intentions and perceived importance of getting a COVID vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: These significant associations highlight the potential value in developing and testing norms-based intervention strategies, such as personalized normative feedback, to improve uptake of forthcoming COVID vaccines among young adults.
Intravenous Acetaminophen Overdose in an Infant With Toxicokinetic Data.

The toxicokinetics of pediatric intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (APAP) in overdose is not well described and few case reports with serial APAP concentrations allowing for calculations of half-life e...
Xenopus neural tube closure: A vertebrate model linking planar cell polarity to actomyosin contractions

Planar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the coordinated polarization of cells within the plane of a tissue. PCP is a controlled by a group of conserved proteins organized in a specific signaling pathway known as the PCP pathway. A hallmark of PCP signaling is the asymmetric localization of "core" PCP protein complexes at the cell cortex, although endogenous PCP cues needed to establish this asymmetry remain unknown. While the PCP pathway was originally discovered as a mechanism directing the planar organization of Drosophila epithelial tissues, subsequent studies in Xenopus and other vertebrates demonstrated a critical role for this pathway in the regulation of actomyosin-dependent morphogenetic processes, such as neural tube closure. Large size and external development of amphibian embryos allows live cell imaging, placing Xenopus among the best models of vertebrate neurulation at the molecular, cellular and organismal level. This review describes cross-talk between core PCP proteins and actomyosin contractility that ultimately leads to tissue-scale movement during neural tube closure.
Tailoring Our Approach in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Transcending Science Outreach Modalities for Native American Students in a Cancer Research Education Program

In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a cancer research education program at the University of Nebraska Medical Center designed for Native American middle school, high school and undergraduate students adapted activities to be delivered online. There are considerable challenges to adapting in-person science programming to online delivery that can impact overall effectiveness. These challenges are further exacerbated when the cognate student population also faces significant disparities in health, wealth, and educational outcomes. We encountered both disadvantages and advantages in transitioning programming to online virtual formats. Challenges faced in delivering our programming during the pandemic included varied online accessibility, peripheral stressors, and disconnection to places and people. Despite these challenges, we found several benefits in remote delivery, some of which have alleviated barriers to program participation for Native American students. Some successes achieved by transitioning to fully remote programming included increased program reach, sustainability, and cultural relevancy. In this overview of the implementation of four online programs at the middle school, high school, and undergraduate levels, we highlight the challenges and successes experienced. Through this program description, we aim to provide insight into potential strategies to improve program delivery designed for Native American students during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond.
Integration of Consumer-Based Activity Monitors into Clinical Practice for Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study.

Current technology commonly utilized in diabetes care includes continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps. One often overlooked critical component to the human glucose response is daily physical activity habits. Consumer-based activity monitors may be a valid way for clinics to collect physical activity data, but whether or not children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) would wear them or use the associated mobile application is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of implementing a consumer-based accelerometer directly into ongoing care for adolescents managing T1D. Methods: Adolescents with T1D were invited to participate in this study and instructed to wear a mobile physical activity monitor while also completing a diet log for a minimum of 3 days. Clinical compliance was defined as the number of participants who were compliant with all measures while also having adequate glucose recordings using either a CGM, insulin pump, or on the diet log. Feasibility was defined as >50% of the total sample reaching clinical compliance. Results: A total of 57 children and teenagers between the ages of 7 and 19 agreed to participate in this study and were included in the final analysis. Chi-square results indicated significant compliance for activity tracking (p < 0.001), diet logs (p = 0.04), and overall clinical compliance (p = 0.04). Conclusion: More than half the children in this study were compliant for both activity monitoring and diet logs. This indicates that it is feasible for children with T1D to wear a consumer-based activity monitor while also recording their diet for a minimum of three days.
Proliferation and viability studies of hibiscus sabdariffa, momordica charantia, and cabbage on PC-3 cells

4371 African-Caribbean men in Jamaica and African-American men in the US have the highest occurrence of prostate cancer in the world. Diets high in fat are thought to be one of the many causes of prostate cancer. Although the Jamaican diet is relatively healthy, including foods high in antioxidants, they still have some of the highest prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. This is thought to be due in part to the lack of treatment and late stage at diagnosis. Treatments available for prostate cancer include expensive treatments such as radiotherapy and anti-androgens which are not affordable for many, especially the Jamaicans. Moreover, no curative therapies are available for those with metastatic cancer. To this end, more affordable and curative therapies are needed. In an attempt to address these issues, compounds found in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed by these groups are examined for their ability to elicit anticarcinogenic activities against the metastatic prostate cancer cell line PC-3. The studies presented here explore the anticarcinogenic activities of cabbage, a common vegetable consumed by African-Americans, and the fruit of two Jamaican plants, Hibiscus sabdariffa (Jamaican sorrel) and Momordica charantia (Jamaican cerasse). Cabbages are known to contain isothiocyanates which have anticarcinogenic activity. However, few studies, if any, have been performed on the use of these extracts and teas as treatment for end stage prostate cancer. We therefore hypothesize that treatment of PC-3 cells with extracts and teas from cabbage and the Jamaican plants sorrel and cerasse will cause a loss in viability and proliferation of these cells. The fruit and leaves of the Jamaican sorrel and cerasse plants are also known to contain some medicinal compounds as they are typically prepared and consumed as teas to cure common ailments. In this study, the viability and proliferation of PC-3 cells treated with various concentrations of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Momordica charantia tea preparations, and cabbage extracts was examined using MTT and Trypan blue analysis. Laboratory studies show a dose-dependent inhibition in the growth and viability of PC-3 cells treated with cabbage extracts of more than 50%. Preliminary studies of the Jamaican cerasse and sorrel teas show similar results. Studies are underway which look at apoptotic markers such as Bcl-2 and caspases for activation of apoptosis in treated cells. Together, these data support the potential use of these extracts and teas for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Fine-structural alterations in cell particles during chemical carcinogenesis: I. Influence of the feeding of aminoazo dyes on the swelling and solubilization of rat-liver microsomes

Abstract 1. 1. Changes have been observed in the structure of rat-liver microsomes as a result of feeding azo dyes. Swelling of the isolated microsomes under carefully controlled conditions has been used to study these changes. 2. 2. When 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene is fed, there results a progressive decrease in both the rate and the extent of swelling of the isolated microsomes. This decrease reaches a minimum value after 4 weeks of feeding. Although the feeding is continued, the original susceptibility to swelling gradually reappears. Thus, microsomes from the livers of rats fed with the dye for 20–24 weeks show approximately the same rate and degree of swelling as microsomes from the livers of normal rats. 3. 3. Microsomes from dye-induced hepatoma are as resistant to swelling as are microsomes from the livers of rats fed for 4 weeks. 4. 4. The feeding of the isomeric, but relatively non-carcinogenic, 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene has shown no such action on swelling. 5. 5. In liver microsomes, the swelling is directly proportional with the release of a small group of soluble proteins in the surrounding buffer. However, the hepatoma microsomes do not follow this pattern, and there the low swelling is accompanied by a relatively great release of proteins. 6. 6. The structural difference between liver and hepatoma microsomes shows up not only in the rate and extent of swelling, but also in the dependence on pH. 7. 7. The influence of the diet, of the temperature, of X-rays, and of various inorganic and organic compounds, on the swelling of microsomes was studied. 8. 8. The soluble proteins released from the microsomes in buffer, or obtained by treatment with desoxycholic acid were resolved into two main groups by electrophoresis on starch.
A new mediator for an old hormone

It is well established that estrogen mediates many of its physiological actions by binding to estrogen receptors in the nucleus, which then activate the transcription of target genes. However, as [Hewitt, Deroo and Korach][1] discuss in their Perspective, new work reveals that some of estrogen's effects may be mediated by a nonclassical pathway in which estrogen binds to non-estrogen receptor membrane proteins such as GPR30 ([ Revankar et al .][2]). [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/307/5715/1572 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5715/1625