cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of the hemiplegic.

Unfortunately, in the past, the medical attitude toward hemiplegia has been one of hopelessness and helplessness. If a dynamic approach is used, however, the hemiplegic is not a lost cause. Spot checks have shown that 90 per cent can be taught ambulation, self-care and urinary and fetal continence, and 40 per cent can be taught to do gainful work.
La sociología de la opinión pública

En el clasico ensayo “La sociologia de la opinion publica”, Joseph S. Roucek hace un amplio recuento historico sobre el desarrollo de la disciplina de la opinion publica. Alli, ademas de describir los acontecimientos historicos mas importantes (desde el periodo de la Edad Media hasta la actualidad), menciona a los teoricos mas sobresalientes de la opinion publica con sus respectivas aportaciones, y tambien describe el papel que han desempenado en diferentes etapas de la historia mundial los recursos propagandisticos, su influencia en la poblacion y su relacion en la conformacion de la opinion publica. Para Roucek, la propaganda ha sido fundamental (e incluso determinante) en el acontecer historico. El autor menciona las principales instituciones academicas que dieron cabida a las primeras investigaciones sobre comunicacion, opinion publica y propaganda, las cuales no lograron consolidarse sino hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX . No obstante, segun se menciona en el texto, en las ultimas dos decadas se reconocieron y aceptaron como disciplinas especiales en el terreno de la psicologia social y de la sociologia
Human Capital and Labor Informality in Chile: A Life-Cycle Approach

Uses a dynamic life-cycle model estimated with rich Chilean longitudinal data to investigate the extent to which comparative advantage drives participation in informal labor markets.
Illuminating uveitis: metagenomic deep sequencing identifies common and rare pathogens.

Ocular infections remain a major cause of blindness and morbidity worldwide. While prognosis is dependent on the timing and accuracy of diagnosis, the etiology remains elusive in ~50 % of presumed infectious uveitis cases. The objective of this study is to determine if unbiased metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) can accurately detect pathogens in intraocular fluid samples of patients with uveitis. This is a proof-of-concept study, in which intraocular fluid samples were obtained from five subjects with known diagnoses, and one subject with bilateral chronic uveitis without a known etiology. Samples were subjected to MDS, and results were compared with those from conventional diagnostic tests. Pathogens were identified using a rapid computational pipeline to analyze the non-host sequences obtained from MDS. Unbiased MDS of intraocular fluid produced results concordant with known diagnoses in subjects with (n = 4) and without (n = 1) uveitis. Samples positive for Cryptococcus neoformans, Toxoplasma gondii, and herpes simplex virus 1 as tested by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified laboratory were correctly identified with MDS. Rubella virus was identified in one case of chronic bilateral idiopathic uveitis. The subject’s strain was most closely related to a German rubella virus strain isolated in 1992, one year before he developed a fever and rash while living in Germany. The pattern and the number of viral identified mutations present in the patient’s strain were consistent with long-term viral replication in the eye. MDS can identify fungi, parasites, and DNA and RNA viruses in minute volumes of intraocular fluid samples. The identification of chronic intraocular rubella virus infection highlights the eye’s role as a long-term pathogen reservoir, which has implications for virus eradication and emerging global epidemics.
The Social Dynamics of Language Change in Online Networks

Language change is a complex social phenomenon, revealing pathways of communication and sociocultural influence. But, while language change has long been a topic of study in sociolinguistics, traditional linguistic research methods rely on circumstantial evidence, estimating the direction of change from differences between older and younger speakers. In this paper, we use a data set of several million Twitter users to track language changes in progress. First, we show that language change can be viewed as a form of social influence: we observe complex contagion for phonetic spellings and “netspeak” abbreviations (e.g., lol), but not for older dialect markers from spoken language. Next, we test whether specific types of social network connections are more influential than others, using a parametric Hawkes process model. We find that tie strength plays an important role: densely embedded social ties are significantly better conduits of linguistic influence. Geographic locality appears to play a more limited role: we find relatively little evidence to support the hypothesis that individuals are more influenced by geographically local social ties, even in their usage of geographical dialect markers.
Artin L -functions of small conductor

We study the problem of finding the Artin L-functions with the smallest conductor for a given Galois type. We adapt standard analytic techniques to our novel situation of fixed Galois type and obtain much improved lower bounds on the smallest conductor. For small Galois types we use complete tables of number fields to determine the actual smallest conductor.
Vertical overlap of probability density functions of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors

Coarse-resolution climate models increasingly rely on probability density functions (PDFs) to represent subgrid-scale variability of prognostic variables. While PDFs characterize the horizontal variability, a separate treatment is needed to account for the vertical structure of clouds and precipitation. When sub-columns are drawn from these PDFs for microphysics or radiation parameterizations, appropriate vertical correlations must be enforced via PDF overlap specifications. This study evaluates the representation of PDF overlap in the Subgrid Importance Latin Hypercube Sampler (SILHS) employed in the assumed PDF turbulence and cloud scheme called the Cloud Layers Unified By Binormals (CLUBB). PDF overlap in CLUBB-SILHS simulations of continental and tropical oceanic deep convection is compared with overlap of PDF of various microphysics variables in cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations of the same cases that explicitly predict the 3D structure of cloud and precipitation fields. CRM results show that PDF overlap varies significantly between different hydrometeor types, as well as between PDFs of mass and number mixing ratios for each species, - a distinction that the current SILHS implementation does not make. In CRM simulations that explicitly resolve cloud and precipitation structures, faster falling species, such as rain and graupel, exhibit significantly higher coherence in their vertical distributions than slow falling cloud liquid and ice. These results suggest that to improve the overlap treatment in the sub-column generator, the PDF correlations need to depend on hydrometeor properties, such as fall speeds, in addition to the currently implemented dependency on the turbulent convective length scale.
Drawdown around a Partially Penetrating Well

Equations of unsteady drawdown around well partially screened-in steadily discharging from artesian aquifer of uniform thickness and uniform hydraulic properties are developed; discharge is supplied by reduction of storage through expansion of water and concomitant compression of aquifer.
UAS traffic management (UTM) simulation capabilities and laboratory environment

NASA has engaged in collaborative research with the FAA and many other stakeholders in government, industry, and academia to explore the concepts and requirements necessary to enable the safe and scalable application of small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in low-altitude airspace. In this effort, the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) project has developed a multi-faceted simulation component that supports near-term live flight testing in addition to further term concept exploration. This paper provides an overview of the simulation capabilities currently available as part of the UTM project and the laboratory environment in which they are applied.
Show Me the Material Evidence — Initial Experiments on Evaluating Hypotheses from User-Generated Multimedia Data

Subjective questions such as 'does neymar dive', or 'is clinton lying', or 'is trump a fascist', are popular queries to web search engines, as can be seen by autocompletion suggestions on Google, Yahoo and Bing. In the era of cognitive computing, beyond search, they could be handled as hypotheses issued for evaluation. Our vision is to leverage on unstructured data and metadata of the rich user-generated multimedia that is often shared as material evidence in favor or against hypotheses in social media platforms. In this paper we present two preliminary experiments along those lines and discuss challenges for a cognitive computing system that collects material evidence from user-generated multimedia towards aggregating it into some form of collective decision on the hypothesis.
Adaptive control of a class of decentralized nonlinear systems

Within this brief paper, a stable indirect adaptive controller is presented for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems. The feedback and adaptation mechanisms for each subsystem depend only upon local measurements to provide asymptotic tracking of a reference trajectory. In addition, each subsystem is able to adaptively compensate for disturbances and interconnections with unknown bounds. The adaptive scheme is illustrated through the longitudinal control of a string of vehicles within an automated highway system (AHS).
Pano2Vid: Automatic Cinematography for Watching 360\(^{\circ }\) Videos

We introduce the novel task of Pano2Vid — automatic cinematography in panoramic 360\(^{\circ }\) videos. Given a 360\(^{\circ }\) video, the goal is to direct an imaginary camera to virtually capture natural-looking normal field-of-view (NFOV) video. By selecting “where to look” within the panorama at each time step, Pano2Vid aims to free both the videographer and the end viewer from the task of determining what to watch. Towards this goal, we first compile a dataset of 360\(^{\circ }\) videos downloaded from the web, together with human-edited NFOV camera trajectories to facilitate evaluation. Next, we propose AutoCam, a data-driven approach to solve the Pano2Vid task. AutoCam leverages NFOV web video to discriminatively identify space-time “glimpses” of interest at each time instant, and then uses dynamic programming to select optimal human-like camera trajectories. Through experimental evaluation on multiple newly defined Pano2Vid performance measures against several baselines, we show that our method successfully produces informative videos that could conceivably have been captured by human videographers.
Export subsidies and oligopoly with switching costs

Abstract I examine export policy using a two-period model of oligopolistic competition with switching costs. A switching costs model captures the idea that market share in one period affects profits and welfare in future periods. If consumers are impatient, firms and governments are patient, and switching costs are significant, then governments subsidize first-period exports and tax second-period exports, otherwise governments tax exports in both periods. Although governments may subsidize first-period exports, each country is made worse off when both countries subsidize. In addition, firms ‘dump’ ( p mc ) under conditions similar to those required for export subsidies.
Molecular Characterization of Pediatric Restrictive Cardiomyopathy from Integrative Genomics

Pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a genetically heterogeneous heart disease with limited therapeutic options. RCM cases are largely idiopathic; however, even within families with a known genetic cause for cardiomyopathy, there is striking variability in disease severity. Although accumulating evidence implicates both gene expression and alternative splicing in development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), there have been no detailed molecular characterizations of underlying pathways dysregulated in RCM. RNA-Seq on a cohort of pediatric RCM patients compared to other forms of adult cardiomyopathy and controls identified transcriptional differences highly common to the cardiomyopathies, as well as those unique to RCM. Transcripts selectively induced in RCM include many known and novel G-protein coupled receptors linked to calcium handling and contractile regulation. In-depth comparisons of alternative splicing revealed splicing events shared among cardiomyopathy subtypes, as well as those linked solely to RCM. Genes identified with altered alternative splicing implicate RBM20, a DCM splicing factor, as a potential mediator of alternative splicing in RCM. We present the first comprehensive report on molecular pathways dysregulated in pediatric RCM including unique/shared pathways identified compared to other cardiomyopathy subtypes and demonstrate that disruption of alternative splicing patterns in pediatric RCM occurs in the inverse direction as DCM.
Similarity Laws of Hypersonic Flows

Hypersonic flows are flow fields where the fluid velocity is much larger than the velocity of propagation of small disturbances, the velocity of sound. Th. von Karman [1] has pointed out that in many ways the dynamics of hypersonic flows is similar to Newton's corpuscular theory of aerodynamics. The pressure acting on an inclined surface is thus greater than the free stream pressure by a quantity which is approximately proportional to the square of the angle of inclination instead of the usual linear law for conventional supersonic flows. E. Sanger [2] has, in fact, used this concept to design the optimum wing and body shapes for hypersonic flight at extreme speeds.
Is the Gini Index of Inequality Overly Sensitive to Changes in the Middle of the Income Distribution

ABSTRACTThe Gini index is the most commonly used measure of income inequality. Like any single summary measure of a set of data, it cannot capture all aspects that are of interest to researchers. One of its widely reported flaws is that it is supposed to be overly sensitive to changes in the middle of the distribution. By studying the effect of small transfers between households or an additional increment in income going to one member of the population on the value of the index, this claim is re-examined. It turns out that the difference in the rank order of donor and recipient is usually the most important factor determining the change in the Gini index due to the transfer, which implies that transfers from an upper income household to a low income household receive more weight that transfers involving the middle. Transfers between two middle-income households do affect a higher fraction of the population than other transfers but those transfers do not receive an excessive weight relative to other transf...
Does choice matter for school choice? An instrumental variables analysis of the effect of choice on parental satisfaction in charter schools

I employ ordered probit regression and a new instrumental variable to compare the Fall 2015 parental satisfaction survey results of open-enrollment charters to district-conversion charters. Choice ...
Estimating the Location of World Wheat Price Discovery

The United States may be losing its leadership role in the world wheat market. Rising trading volume in foreign futures markets and shifting shares of world trade are suggested as evidence of this shift, but neither necessitates that futures markets in the United States are any less important for wheat price discovery. This paper applies high frequency pricing data and market microstructure methods, including the Yan and Zivot (2010) information leadership share, to estimate the proportion of price discovery occurring in wheat futures markets associated with Chicago, Kansas City, Minneapolis, and Paris. We find United States futures markets remain dominant, although the share of price discovery for the Paris market increased noticeably in 2010, coinciding with major supply shocks in Russia and Ukraine. Prior to August 2010, 91% of information about the common fundamental value of wheat was first revealed in United States futures markets in an average month. After August 2010, this share dropped to 75%.
Fast and Slow Dynamics for the Computational Singular Perturbation Method

The computational singular perturbation (CSP) method ofLam and Goussis is an iterative method to reduce the dimensionality of systems of ordinary differential equations with multiple time scales. In [J. Nonlinear Sci., 14 (2004), pp. 59--91], the authors of this paper showed that each iteration of the CSP algorithm improves the approximation of the slow manifold by one order. In this paper, it is shown that the CSP method simultaneously approximates the tangent spaces to the fast fibers along which solutions relax to the slow manifold. Again, each iteration adds one order of accuracy. In some studies, the output of the CSP algorithm is postprocessed by linearly projecting initial data onto the slow manifold along these approximate tangent spaces. These projections, in turn, also become successively more accurate.
Single-particle motional oscillator powered by laser.

An ion, atom, molecule or macro-particle in a trap can exhibit large motional oscillations due to the Doppler-affected radiation pressure by a laser, blue-detuned from an absorption line of a particle. This oscillator can be nearly thresholdless, but under certain conditions it may exhibit huge hysteretic excitation. Feasible applications include a “Foucault pendulum” in a trap, a rotation sensor, single atom spectroscopy, isotope separation, etc.
Local and semilocal vertex operator algebras

Abstract We initiate a general structure theory for vertex operator algebras V . We discuss the center and the blocks of V , the Jacobson radical and solvable radical, and local vertex operator algebras. The main consequence of our structure theory is that if V satisfies some mild conditions, then it is necessarily semilocal, i.e., a direct sum of local vertex operator algebras.
Calculation of local formal Fourier transforms

We calculate the local Fourier transforms for connections on the formal punctured disk, reproducing the results of J. Fang and C. Sabbah using a different method. Our method is similar to Fang’s, but more direct.
Measurement of a Quantum System Coupled to Independent Heat-Bath and Pointer Modes

We present an exact derivation of a process in which a microscopic measured system interacts with the heat-bath and pointer modes of a measuring device, via a coupling involving a general Hermitian operator Λ of the system. In the limit of strong interaction with these modes, over a small time interval, we derive the exact effective many-body density matrix of the measured system plus pointer. We then discuss the interpretation of the dynamics considered as the first stage in the process of quantum measurement, eventually involving the wave-function collapse due to interactions with "the rest of the universe". We establish that the effective density matrix represents the required framework for the measured system and the pointer part of the measuring device to evolve into a statistical mixture described by direct-product states such that the system is in each eigenstate of Λ with the correct quantum-mechanical probability, whereas the expectation values of the pointer-space operators retain amplified information of the system's eigenstate.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND ANNIHILATION OF DARK MATTER AROUND BLACK HOLES

We use a Monte Carlo code to calculate the geodesic orbits of test particles around Kerr black holes, generating a distribution function of both bound and unbound populations of dark matter (DM) particles. From this distribution function, we calculate annihilation rates and observable gamma-ray spectra for a few simple DM models. The features of these spectra are sensitive to the black hole spin, observer inclination, and detailed properties of the DM annihilation cross-section and density profile. Confirming earlier analytic work, we find that for rapidly spinning black holes, the collisional Penrose process can reach efficiencies exceeding 600%, leading to a high-energy tail in the annihilation spectrum. The high particle density and large proper volume of the region immediately surrounding the horizon ensures that the observed flux from these extreme events is non-negligible.
A Priori Assessment of Prediction Confidence for Data-Driven Turbulence Modeling

Although Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are still the dominant tool for engineering design and analysis applications involving turbulent flows, standard RANS models are known to be unreliable in many flows of engineering relevance, including flows with separation, strong pressure gradients or mean flow curvature. With increasing amounts of 3-dimensional experimental data and high fidelity simulation data from Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), data-driven turbulence modeling has become a promising approach to increase the predictive capability of RANS simulations. However, the prediction performance of data-driven models inevitably depends on the choices of training flows. This work aims to identify a quantitative measure for a priori estimation of prediction confidence in data-driven turbulence modeling. This measure represents the distance in feature space between the training flows and the flow to be predicted. Specifically, the Mahalanobis distance and the kernel density estimation (KDE) technique are used as metrics to quantify the distance between flow data sets in feature space. To examine the relationship between these two extrapolation metrics and the machine learning model prediction performance, the flow over periodic hills at Re = 10595 is used as test set and seven flows with different configurations are individually used as training sets. The results show that the prediction error of the Reynolds stress anisotropy is positively correlated with Mahalanobis distance and KDE distance, demonstrating that both extrapolation metrics can be used to estimate the prediction confidence a priori. A quantitative comparison using correlation coefficients shows that the Mahalanobis distance is less accurate in estimating the prediction confidence than KDE distance. The extrapolation metrics introduced in this work and the corresponding analysis provide an approach to aid in the choice of data source and to assess the prediction performance for data-driven turbulence modeling.
The application of systems thinking in health: Why use systems thinking?

This paper explores the question of what systems thinking adds to the field of global health. Observing that elements of systems thinking are already common in public health research, the article discusses which of the large body of theories, methods, and tools associated with systems thinking are more useful. The paper reviews the origins of systems thinking, describing a range of the theories, methods, and tools. A common thread is the idea that the behavior of systems is governed by common principles that can be discovered and expressed. They each address problems of complexity, which is a frequent challenge in global health. The different methods and tools are suited to different types of inquiry and involve both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The paper concludes by emphasizing that explicit models used in systems thinking provide new opportunities to understand and continuously test and revise our understanding of the nature of things, including how to intervene to improve people’s health.
CONSTRAINED LINERS: YESTERDAY'S SOLUTION?

Instability after total hip arthroplasty is the most common indication for revision arthroplasty and can be difficult to treat. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes associated with the use of a constrained acetabular component as a treatment for instability after hip arthroplasty. We reviewed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 149 arthroplasties, that had been performed with use of a single design of constrained acetabular component between 2007 and 2012 at a single institution. Patient demographics and case specific data were collected The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess continuous variables. Categorical variables were examined using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test when appropriate. Survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The mean age at time of index surgery was 70 years, 65% were female, and mean BMI was 26.3. The average number of previous surgeries was 3.6. The constrained liner was cemented into a well-fixed cup in 40 hips (20%). In eighty-two (55%) hips the constrained component was implanted for the treatment of recurrent instability, and in sixty-seven (45%) hips it was implanted because the hips demonstrate instability during revision surgery. At an average duration of follow-up of 4.2 (2–7) years the overall revision rate was 10.6 % The constrained acetabular device eliminated or prevented hip instability in all patients except five; 3.3% had a new dislocation and six (4.0%) had failure of the retentive ring. Three revisions (2%) were performed for deep infection, and 2 (1.3%) for acetabular component loosening. Radiographic analysis revealed a non-progressive radiolucent line around the cup in 19 hips (12.7%). When stratified by patient age, survivorship for patients less than 65 years of age versus those greater than 65 years was similar. This study correlates with results of other papers in the literature looking at outcome of constrained tripolar type sockets. The focal constraint socket with a metal ring type design has a much greater failure rate (9–29%). Constrained liners remain an excellent option for hip instability in early to mid- term follow up.
The Labor Market for Teachers Under Different Pay Schemes

Compensation of most US public school teachers is rigid and solely based on seniority. This paper studies the labor market effects of a reform that gave school districts in Wisconsin full autonomy to redesign teacher pay schemes. Following the reform, some districts switched to flexible compensation and started paying high-quality teachers more. Teacher quality increased in these districts relative to those with seniority pay due to a change in workforce composition and an increase in effort. I estimate a structural model of this labor market to investigate the effects of counterfactual pay schemes on the composition of the teaching workforce.
Homomorphisms to acylindrically hyperbolic groups I: Equationally noetherian groups and families

We study the set of homomorphisms from a fixed finitely generated group into a family of groups which are `uniformly acylindrically hyperbolic'. Our main results reduce this study to sets of homomorphisms which do not diverge in an appropriate sense. As an application, we prove that any relatively hyperbolic group with equationally noetherian peripheral subgroups is itself equationally noetherian.
On the Poset and Asymptotics of Tesler Matrices

Tesler matrices are certain integral matrices counted by the Kostant partition function and have appeared recently in Haglund's study of diagonal harmonics. In 2014, Drew Armstrong defined a poset on such matrices and conjectured that the characteristic polynomial of this poset is a power of $q-1$. We use a method of Hallam and Sagan to prove a stronger version of this conjecture for posets of a certain class of generalized Tesler matrices. We also study bounds for the number of Tesler matrices and how they compare to the number of parking functions, the dimension of the space of diagonal harmonics.
COMPARISON OF TROCHLEAR GROOVES IN CONTEMPORARY TOTAL KNEE DESIGNS TO NATIVE TROCHLEAR GROOVE

Background Patellofemoral complications have dwindled with contemporary total knee designs that market anatomic trochlear grooves that intend to preserve normal patella kinematics. While most reports of patellofemoral complications address patella and its replacement approach, they do not focus on shape of trochlear grooves in different prostheses [1]. The purpose of this study was to characterize 3D geometry of trochlear grooves of contemporary total knee designs (NexGen, Genesis II, Logic, and Attune) defined in terms of sulcus angle and medial-lateral offset with respect to midline of femoral component in coronal view and to compare to those of native femurs derived from 20 osteoarthritic patient CT scans. Materials and Methods Using 3D models of each implant and native femur, sulcus location and orientation were obtained by fitting a spline to connect sulcus points marked at 90°, 105°, 130°, and 145° of femoral flexion (Fig A). Implant reference plane orientations were established using inner facets of distal and posterior flanges. Reference planes of native femurs were defined using protocols developed by Eckhoff et al. [2] where coronal plane was defined using femoral posterior condyles and greater trochanter. In the coronal plane, a best fit line was used to measure sulcus angle and medial-lateral offset with respect to midline at the base of trochlear groove (Fig B). Results With exception to Logic (0° sulcus angle & 0 mm offset), contemporary knee designs include high valgus angulations (4° to 18°) with laterally-biased offsets (3 to 5 mm). The native sulcus angle on average was slightly valgus, but varied significantly among the cohort (−0.2° ± 4.6°). Native trochlear groove offset was biased laterally (2.5 ± 1.7 mm). Discussion We observed a considerable geometric deviation between native femur and implants in terms of sulcus angle while both geometries displayed comparable lateral bias at the base of trochlear groove. Similar to past studies by Iranpour et al. [4] and Feinstein et al. [5], a large variation in sulcus angle was observed among the selected native femurs with an average of small valgus angulation (Fig C). However, most contemporary trochlear grooves are biased towards higher valgus angulations. Retrieval and registry studies have shown that NexGen trochlear groove design (4° sulcus angle) has been shown to better accommodate natural patellas, which highlights that the differences among designs may be significant [5,6]. It remains unclear which features specifically translate to better patellafemoral outcomes, which is a merit for further study. Conflict of Interest: None Figure A. Sulcus points defined at various flexion angles. Figure B. Best fit line to measure ML-offset and sulcus angle. Figure C. Sulcus angle comparison to past studies For any figures or tables, please contact authors directly (see Info & Metrics tab above).
Variable radii connected sensor cover in sensor networks

One of the useful approaches to exploit redundancy in a sensor network is to keep active only a small subset of sensors that are sufficient to cover the region required to be monitored. The set of active sensors should also form a connected communication graph, so that they can autonomously respond to application queries and/or tasks. Such a set of active sensors is known as a connected sensor cover, and the problem of selecting a minimum connected sensor cover has been well studied when the transmission radius and sensing radius of each sensor is fixed. In this article, we address the problem of selecting a minimum energy-cost connected sensor cover, when each sensor node can vary its sensing and transmission radius; larger sensing or transmission radius entails higher energy cost.For the aforesaid problem, we design various centralized and distributed algorithms, and compare their performance through extensive experiments. One of the designed centralized algorithms (called CGA) is shown to perform within an O(log n) factor of the optimal solution, where n is the size of the network. We have also designed a localized algorithm based on Voronoi diagrams which is empirically shown to perform very close to CGA and, due to its communication-efficiency, results in significantly prolonging the network lifetime. We also extend the aforementioned algorithms to incorporate fault tolerance. In particular, we show how to extend the algorithms to address the minimum energy-cost connected sensor k-cover problem, in which every point in the query region needs to be covered by at least k distinct active sensors. The CGA preserves the approximation bound in this case. We also propose a localized topology control scheme to preserve k-connectivity, and use it to extend the Voronoi-based approach to computing a minimum energy-cost k1-connected k2-cover. We study the performance of our proposed algorithms through extensive simulations.
Analytical modeling of hydrodynamic lubrication in a multiple-reduction drawing die

Abstract The hydrodynamic lubrication regime is reported to exist in numerous metal forming applications, such as wire drawing and hydrostatic extrusion, but it is difficult to achieve in the drawing of large diameter rods due to the relatively low drawing speeds common for larger parts. By creating a stable fluid film between the workpiece and the die during the drawing process friction and die wear could be significantly reduced, leading to energy savings, increased achievable reductions, and increased die life. An analytical model of the hydrodynamic drawing process is proposed which considers the geometry of the workpiece and die, as well as, the material properties (including work hardening effects), and (temperature dependent) fluid properties to determine the fluid film thickness over the reduction die. This model is then used to analyze several case studies, including a multiple reduction die with high pressure lubricant supplied to the space between the dies. It is shown that a stable fluid film can be established for low drawing speeds through the combination of a multiple reduction die and a supply of lubricant at high pressures to the inlet of the dies.
The Effect of the SEC's XBRL Mandate on Audit Report Lags

SYNOPSIS: There is considerable debate about whether the adoption of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) will result in timelier SEC filings. We provide empirical evidence on this debate by investigating the effect of XBRL adoption on audit report lags. Using a hand-collected panel of S&P 1500 clients' XBRL financial report filings and both levels and difference-in-differences analyses, we show that audit report lags decrease following the mandatory adoption of XBRL. These results are robust to various subsamples and model specifications. On average, audit report lags decrease anywhere from 0.4 to 3.4 percent (0.21 to 1.93 days) in the post-adoption period, depending on the specification used. We further document that these results are concentrated among filers with strong internal control systems and no prior XBRL reporting experience. We also find that audit report lags continue to decline in the years following adoption, which is indicative of a learning curve and improvements in XBRL reporti...
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Neuroblastoma, Including Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumor, With Immunocytochemical and Ultrastructural Confirmation

Eleven fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were performed on seven children with neuroblastoma, including one patient with a congenital neuroblastoma and another with a peripheral neuroblastoma of the thoracopulmonary region. FNA cytology made the primary diagnosis of neuroblastoma in four of the seven cases. The other biopsies documented local recurrences and metastases to liver, lymph nodes, orbit and breast. The cytologic features included varying numbers of small primitive cells with scanty cytoplasm, poorly to well-formed pseudorosettes, cell processes, a fibrillary matrix and multinucleated ganglion cells. Five of the seven patients had electron microscopic (EM) examination of the FNA specimen, which in all cases confirmed the diagnosis. Batteries of immunoperoxidase stains were performed on all 11 aspirates with variable results. Staining for neuron-specific enolase was positive in four of the five neoplasms tested, although strongly positive in only three of the cases. Staining for neurofilament markers was positive in only two of five tumors. Studies for cytokeratin markers (AE1/3), low-molecular-weight cytokeratin (35BH11), hematopoietic markers (T29/33), immunoglobulin light chains and myoglobin were negative. One case was positive for vimentin. This study attests to the value of FNA cytology in suggesting a correct diagnosis of either primary, recurrent or metastatic neuroblastoma in children. Selective use of immunoperoxidase stains and EM on the aspirates may be of value.
Cell-Free and In Vivo Characterization of Lux, Las, and Rpa Quorum Activation Systems in E. coli

Synthetic biologists have turned toward quorum systems as a path for building sophisticated microbial consortia that exhibit group decision making. Currently, however, even the most complex consortium circuits rely on only one or two quorum sensing systems, greatly restricting the available design space. High-throughput characterization of available quorum sensing systems is useful for finding compatible sets of systems that are suitable for a defined circuit architecture. Recently, cell-free systems have gained popularity as a test-bed for rapid prototyping of genetic circuitry. We take advantage of the transcription–translation cell-free system to characterize three commonly used Lux-type quorum activators, Lux, Las, and Rpa. We then compare the cell-free characterization to results obtained in vivo. We find significant genetic crosstalk in both the Las and Rpa systems and substantial signal crosstalk in Lux activation. We show that cell-free characterization predicts crosstalk observed in vivo.
Long-Term Management of Chronic Constipation in Children

A retrospective clinical study was conducted to determinethe success of a strict regimen employing the prolonged use of daily enemas in 203 children with chronic constipation. This study confirmed that the use of lonterm daily enemas did eliminate constipation as well as the primary complaint of fecal soiling. The majority of children treated had an excellent to good result (95.8%) over an extended period of time. Patients with a past medical history of imperforate anus or Hirschsprung's disease required longer treatment periods (32.6 and 20.1 months, respectively) than children with other medical problems (rectal prolapse, rectal stricture, malrotation, spina bifida, mental retardation, psychological; 13 months) or patients with functional constipation (5.9 months).
Renal Calcification in Preterm Infants: Pathophysiology and Long-Term Sequelae

We examined the clinical course of 17 preterm infants with chronic lung disease who received loop diuretics and developed nephrocalcinosis; nine of them were followed for up to 4.5 years. The mean gestational age was 26.8 weeks (SD 2.2 weeks), and mean birth weight was 830 gm (SD 276 gm). The diagnosis of renal calcification was made at a mean age of 12 weeks (SD 6.5 weeks) by abdominal x-ray examination, screening abdominal ultrasound studies or, both. Calcification was associated with both furosemide therapy and the presence of multiple potential risk factors. Renal calcification, length, and function were subsequently evaluated in nine patients at a mean age of 21.3 months (SD 15.3 months). Improvement in calcification occurred in five patients, with total resolution in four. Renal length, determined by ultrasound examination and corrected for body length, was normal in 17 of 18 kidneys. Serum creatinine values and calculated glomerular filtration rates were abnormal in four of nine patients. We conclude that renal calcification in preterm infants is associated with multiple risk factors, including furosemide usage, and tends to diminish during the first year of life. However, renal function may remain compromised in some patients.
Androgen Receptors in Boys With Isolated Bilateral Cryptorchidism

• A study was conducted in boys with bilateral cryptorchidism, who were to undergo surgical orchiopexy, to determine if target-organ androgen insensitivity might play a role in the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum. Nine boys older than 1 year in whom bilateral undescended testes was the only genitourinary abnormality were evaluated. Each subject was administered a six-week course of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), 3000 U/m2of body surface area, intramuscularly injected daily for five days and then twice per week. Basal and hCG-stimulated levels of testosterone were normal. However, hCG administration failed to induce testicular descent in all cases. At the time of surgery, scrotal skin and testicular biopsy specimens were obtained for propagation of cells in tissue culture. Androgen receptor levels and binding affinity were normal for the androgen-specific ligands dihydrotestosterone and metribolone in both skin fibroblasts and testicular cells. In addition, 5α-reductase activity was normal in scrotal skin fibroblasts. Nine boys with bilateral cryptorchidism and normal testicular androgen biosynthesis had normal androgen receptor-binding activity and 5α-reductase activity in cultured scrotal skin fibroblasts and testicular cells. Therefore, bilateral maldescent of the testes in these boys with cryptorchidism was not due to androgen insensitivity. (AJDC1988;142:933-936)
Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling of Peak CAPE in Continental Convective Storm Environments

AbstractA thermodynamic constraint on convective available potential energy (CAPE) in continental environments is established using an idealized, one-dimensional model. This theoretical model simplifies the synoptic-scale preconditioning framework for continental severe convection by considering a dry adiabatic column that comes into contact with a moist land surface. A system of equations is derived to describe the evolution of the ensuing surface boundary layer. From these, the maximum value of transient CAPE in the column can be found for any particular combination of surface temperature and moisture. It is demonstrated that, for a given range of surface temperatures, the value of peak CAPE scales with the Clausius-Clapeyron relation.
Betti numbers of the HOMFLYPT homology

In [Rasmussen, Khovanov–Rozansky homology of two-bridge knots and links, Duke Math. J. 136 (2007) 551–583], Rasmussen observed that the Khovanov–Rozansky homology of a link is a finitely generated ...
Piezoelectric Measurements with Atomic Force Microscopy

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to measure the magnitude of the effective longitudinal piezoelectric constant (d33) of thin films. Measurements are performed with a conducting diamond AFM tip in contact with a top electrode which is driven by an externally applied voltage. The interaction between the tip and electric field present is a potentially large source of error that is eliminated through the use of this configuration and the conducting diamond tips. Measurements yielded reasonable piezoelectric constants of X-cut single crystal quartz, thin film ZnO, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (Zr/Ti = 30/70), and nonpiezoelectric amorphous SiO2 thin films. The system was also used to measure d33 hysteresis loops for Pb(Zrx,Ti1−x)O3 thin films.
Reconciling disparate information in continuity of care documents: Piloting a system to consolidate structured clinical documents.

Abstract Background Due to the nature of information generation in health care, clinical documents contain duplicate and sometimes conflicting information. Recent implementation of Health Information Exchange (HIE) mechanisms in which clinical summary documents are exchanged among disparate health care organizations can proliferate duplicate and conflicting information. Materials and methods To reduce information overload, a system to automatically consolidate information across multiple clinical summary documents was developed for an HIE network. The system receives any number of Continuity of Care Documents (CCDs) and outputs a single, consolidated record. To test the system, a randomly sampled corpus of 522 CCDs representing 50 unique patients was extracted from a large HIE network. The automated methods were compared to manual consolidation of information for three key sections of the CCD: problems, allergies, and medications. Results Manual consolidation of 11,631 entries was completed in approximately 150 h. The same data were automatically consolidated in 3.3 min. The system successfully consolidated 99.1% of problems, 87.0% of allergies, and 91.7% of medications. Almost all of the inaccuracies were caused by issues involving the use of standardized terminologies within the documents to represent individual information entries. Conclusion This study represents a novel, tested tool for de-duplication and consolidation of CDA documents, which is a major step toward improving information access and the interoperability among information systems. While more work is necessary, automated systems like the one evaluated in this study will be necessary to meet the informatics needs of providers and health systems in the future.
Biochemical Surrogate Markers of Hemolysis Do Not Correlate with Directly Measured Erythrocyte Survival in Sickle Cell Anemia

Introduction: Hemolysis has been proposed as a cause of several complications of sickle cell anemia (HbSS), including pulmonary hypertension, priapism, leg ulcers, and stroke. No human study of the role of hemolysis in these complications has directly quantified hemolysis; all used surrogate markers. We applied a recently validated stable isotope glycine red blood cell (RBC) labeling method (Am J Hematol. 2015;90:50-5) to measure RBC survival, a direct measure of the rate of hemolysis, to determine whether commonly used surrogate markers of hemolysis accurately estimate RBC survival in HbSS. Methods: Orally administered stable isotope-labeled glycine ( 15 N-glycine), a metabolic precursor of heme, was used to track an age cohort of RBCs in participants with HbSS. The atomic excess of 15 N in heme extracted from blood over time was monitored by mass spectrometry to calculate mean RBC survival. We also measured complete blood counts, reticulocyte counts, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), blood levels of biochemical surrogates of hemolysis (LDH, AST, bilirubin, and plasma free Hb), alpha-globin genotype, and tricuspid jet regurgitant velocity (TRV) by echocardiography. Results: There were 5 males and 6 females; mean age was 23 years (range 16-41). Two participants completed the study twice for a total of 13 labeling studies. Mean RBC survival was 31.9 days (S.D. 12.0; range 14.1-53.6). Mean RBC survival was inversely correlated with absolute reticulocyte count (ARC; r = -0.84, P Conclusions: RBC labeling with orally administered 15 N-glycine is a safe and practical method to measure RBC survival directly, and thereby quantify hemolysis. Commonly used biochemical surrogate markers of hemolytic rate (LDH, AST, bilirubin, and plasma free Hb) did not correlate with directly measured RBC survival. These markers should be interpreted cautiously in HbSS. Only reticulocyte count and HbF level correlated with directly measured RBC survival. Although ARC appears to be a reasonable surrogate marker of hemolysis, it is indirect and explains only 70% of the variation in RBC survival. If greater accuracy is required for physiological studies or clinical trials, 15 N-glycine RBC labeling can directly and accurately quantify hemolysis. Disclosures Quinn: Amgen: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Silver Lake Research Corporation: Consultancy. Joiner: Global Blood Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.