cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why was Ibn Quzmān Not Awarded the Title of “Abū Nuwās of the West?” (‘Zajal 96’, the Poet, and His Critics)

AbstractAs is the case with many other civilizations, the cultural heartlands of the classical Arab-Islamic world have often tended to be more progressive and innovative than its outlying, marginal regions. The latter, in contrast, have sometimes tended to be more conservative. For this reason, when Ibn Quzmān, in Andalus, raised the native, popular, and colloquial zajal form to a higher literary level than it had previously enjoyed in his homeland, his work found greater acceptance in Baghdad than it did in the far West of the Islamic world. With one notable exception, Andalusi and North African scholars and critics, while they could not categorically deny that poet’s remarkable literary achievements, all tended to downplay them, by highlighting instead, passages from his classical Arabic production in verse and in prose (none of which has survived, aside from the handful of fragments they quote), while at the same time ignoring his zajals to the best of their ability. Like their Greek predecessors, however, these critics were prescriptive, not descriptive. Thus, they did not possess the adequate vocabulary with which to express their appreciation for, or understanding of, the significance of Ibn Quzmān’s strophic compositions in the colloquial dialect. This article analyses one poem by Ibn Quzmān (Zajal 96), and compares it to a classical composition by Abū Nuwās (the Andalusi poet’s Eastern predecessor and deeply admired literary role model), in an attempt to identify some of those virtues the Maghrebi critics failed to define in his work.
Molecular imaging of hydrogen peroxide produced for cell signaling

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is emerging as a newly recognized messenger in cellular signal transduction. However, a substantial challenge in elucidating its diverse roles in complex biological environments is the lack of methods for probing this reactive oxygen metabolite in living systems with molecular specificity. Here we report the synthesis and application of Peroxy Green 1 (PG1) and Peroxy Crimson 1 (PC1), two new fluorescent probes that show high selectivity for H2O2 and are capable of visualizing endogenous H2O2 produced in living cells by growth factor stimulation, including the first direct imaging of peroxide produced for brain cell signaling. The combined features of reactive oxygen species selectivity, sensitivity to signaling levels of H2O2, and live-cell compatibility presage many new opportunities for PG1, PC1 and related synthetic reagents for exploring the physiological roles of H2O2 in living systems with molecular imaging.
Management of congenital esophageal stenosis.

Abstract Background/Purpose: The authors report the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment methods of congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) at their institution. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 123 patients with tracheoesophageal anomalies in a pediatric hospital between 1980 and 1999 was performed. Charts were reviewed for patient demographics, presence of true CES, associated congenital anomalies, method of diagnosis, methods of treatment, and histopathology. Results: Six of the 123 patients (4.9%) had true CES (one patient had 2 separate stenoses). Two patients had isolated CES, one patient had CES with isolated tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), one patient had CES with isolated esophageal atresia (EA), and 2 patients had CES with EA/TEF. Diagnoses were made with an upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast study in 5 patients, and one patient had one of 2 stenoses diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and the other diagnosed intraoperatively. Four of the 7 stenoses were treated with surgical resection, and the remainder was treated with esophageal dilatation. Histopathology from the 4 resected stenoses showed tracheobronchial remnants in 3 specimens and submucosal thickening in 1 specimen. Conclusions: Although isolated CES is rare (2 of 123=1.6%), CES associated with other tracheoesophageal anomalies has a higher incidence (4 of 123=3.25%). Patients with this lesion should be treated first with dilatation. If ineffective, resection is required. J Pediatr Surg 37:1024-1026. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Acute pancreatitis: Secondary findings on hepatobiliary scintigraphy

Review of hepatobiliary scintigrams in patients with serologically documented pancreatitis revealed scintigraphic abnormalities in 19 of 21 studies (90%) in 19 patients. Abnormalities included duodenal loop widening (14/21 or 65%) and duodenogastric reflux (10/21 or 48%). Total biliary obstruction was seen in five studies, thereby precluding evaluation of the gastrointestinal phase in these patients. Excluding these, duodenal loop widening and duodenogastric reflux were seen in 88% and 63% of patients respectively. We evaluated three patients in whom initial scans showed obstruction, but repeat examination showed resolution of obstruction following passage of common duct stone, with duodenal loop widening and duodenogastric reflux suggestive of acute pancreatitis. Duodenal loop widening as demonstrated by hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a sign of pancreatic enlargement in acute pancreatitis, whereas duodenogastric reflux appears to be an indirect manifestation of an adjacent inflammatory process.
Chlorine-induced permeability recovery for low-pressure membrane filtration of natural waters

Abstract Chlorine treatment is widely used by membrane filtration plants to recover the loss of membrane permeability encountered in low-pressure membrane (LPM) filtration of natural waters. However, there are few methodical studies in the literature addressing the efficacy of chlorine in cleaning membranes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess chlorine-induced permeability recovery (CIPR) of LPMs using the Ct concept (product of chlorine dose concentration and treatment time) commonly employed in the disinfection literature. The experimental work was conducted by evaluating the efficacy of CIPR for a membrane and water combination under variable Ct exposures and determining the presence of minimum effective Ct exposure and proper empirical models for the CIPR. The results showed that the efficacy of CIPR depended on both C and t . A minimum Ct exposure of approximately 2 × 10 5 (min mg)/L was required for effective CIPR, and the relationship between the residual fouling and chlorine exposures was best fitted using a revised Chick–Watson model. These results may be explained by a conceptual model that considers CIPR as a sequential process of oxidation of organic foulants and diffusional detachment of the reaction products from membrane surfaces. Additional work is needed to validate the applicability of the model to other waters and membranes.
Effects of Benztropine Mesylate on Haloperidol-Induced Prolactin Secretion and Serum Haloperidol Levels in Rats

The effects of benztropine mesylate on haloperidol-induced prolactin secretion and serum haloperidol levels were investigated in 240 rats. Animals were pretreated with benztropine mesylate or saline 20 min prior to receiving haloperidol or saline. Serum prolactin and haloperidol levels were analyzed at six time periods over 150 min. There was no significant difference in prolactin levels of control animals, i.e., saline pretreated/saline treated rats compared to benztropine mesylate pretreated/saline treated rats. Haloperidol caused a significant rise (p < 0.0001) in serum prolactin compared with controls. The prolactin concentration for the 30–150-min sampling period was significantly higher when the rats received benztropine mesylate prior to haloperidol (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) between serum haloperidol levels and serum prolactin levels in haloperidol-treated animals pretreated with either saline or benztropine mesylate. Additionally, serum haloperidol levels were not significantly different in animals pretreated with benztropine mesylate compared with those pretreated with saline. Thus, the enhancement of prolactin levels by benztropine mesylate was independent of any effect of haloperidol metabolism. This study appears to indicate that in the rat, cholinergic mechanisms exert a weak inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion under conditions of dopamine blockade.
Gold nanocages as contrast agents for two-photon luminescence endomicroscopy

We reported the contrast agents based on structured Au nanocages for enhancing TPL endomicroscopic imaging. Cancer cells and tissues TPL endomicroscopy imaging with the Au nanocages were performed, demonstrating significant contrast enhancement.
Discrimination, Mastery, and Depressive Symptoms Among African American Men

Purpose: This study examines the influence of discrimination and mastery on depressive symptoms for African American men at young (18—34), middle (35—54), and late (55+) adulthood. Method: Analyses are based on responses from 1,271 African American men from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). Results: Discrimination was significantly related to depressive symptoms for men ages 35 to 54 and mastery was found to be protective against depressive symptoms for all men. Compared to African American men in the young and late adult groups, discrimination remained a statistically significant predictor of depressive symptoms for men in the middle group once mastery was included. Implications: Findings demonstrate the distinct differences in the influence of discrimination on depressive symptoms among adult African American males and the need for future research that explores the correlates of mental health across age groups. Implications for social work research and practice with African American men are d...
Cosyntropin-stimulated salivary cortisol in hospitalized patients with hypoproteinemia

Analysis of adrenocortical function in acutely ill, hospitalized patients can be challenging due to changes in plasma binding proteins. This study used dynamic testing of salivary cortisol levels to evaluate adrenal function in hospitalized patients with low/low-normal plasma protein concentration in whom adrenal insufficiency was suspected. Twenty-eight patients with low serum albumin and proteins hospitalized for acute illness were evaluated for decreased adrenocortical function because of clinical presentations suspicious for adrenal insufficiency. Baseline and post cosyntropin-stimulated levels of serum total and salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Data were gathered by a retrospective analysis of medical records. Eight patients had normal peak serum total and salivary cortisol responses, consistent with intact adrenocortical function. Five patients had abnormal peak serum total and salivary cortisol responses indicating decreased adrenocortical function. Fifteen patients had subnormal peak serum total cortisol, but normal peak salivary cortisol responses indicating normal adrenal function. Salivary cortisol testing can identify hospitalized patients with apparently intact adrenal function in whom low serum protein confounded interpretation of serum total cortisol measurements. Salivary cortisol is a clinically useful surrogate for serum free cortisol in dynamic testing of adrenocortical function.
Factors affecting the number of outside directorships held by CEOs

Abstract We investigate factors affecting the number of outside directorships held by CEOs. CEOs of firms with growth opportunities hold fewer outside directorships than CEOs of firms consisting primarily of assets-in-place. We find evidence consistent with CEOs holding more outside directorships as they transfer decision rights to their eventual successors. We also find that when employees (not necessarily CEOs) of two different firms sit on each other's boards, CEOs hold more outside directorships, suggesting CEO participation bonds the relationship between the two firms. We find little evidence that outside directorships represent unchecked perquisite consumption on the part of CEOs.
Teratologic evaluation of the magnesium sulfate adduct of [2,2'-dithio-bis-(pyridine-1-oxide)] in swine and rats.

The magnesium sulfate adduct of [2,2'-dithio-bis-(pyridine-1-oxide)](MDS) was applied dermally (Study I, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg; Study II, 10 and 30 mg/kg) to Yorkshire swine (Days 8–32 of gestation, 8-hr contact time per day) and given orally (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) to Charles River CD rats (Days 6–15 of gestation). Piglets obtained by Caesarian section on gestation Day 100 were examined for external, soft tissue, and skeletal abnormalities; rats, when taken by Caesarian section on Day 20 of gestation, were examined for external, soft tissue, and skeletal abnormalities. Control animals were evaluated concurrently. In Study I, the mean number of viable pig fetuses was significantly reduced in the 30 and 100 mg/kg groups, but was normal in the high (300 mg/kg) dose group. In Study II, the number of resorption sites was increased in swine at both dose levels but was largest at the lower dose (10 mg/kg). Skeletal examination revealed 9/10 fetuses from one litter in Study I (30 mg/kg) with multiple malformations. Fetuses with “crooked” tails were obtained from some sows in each MDS treatment group in Study I. Only one fetus from a sow given 10 mg/kg of MDS in Study II had a crooked tail. The crooked tails appeared to be drug induced and the incidence dose related when the results from both studies were considered together. In the rat, maternal weight gain among animals given 30 and 100 mg/kg of MDS was significantly reduced. The mean number of resorption sites was increased and the mean number of viable fetuses was decreased in the group given 100 mg/kg. An increased incidence of skeletal anomalies (bifurcated and fused ribs, asymmetrical sternum) was noted in fetuses from dams given 30 and 100 mg/kg, but was not observed in fetuses from dams given either 3 or 10 mg/kg of MDS. In summary, there was evidence of a teratogenic effect in both species. This finding is of questionable significance because the tail anomaly in swine may not have a counterpart in man and the sternal and rib alterations in rats occurred only at doses which were toxic to the dams.
Identification of two new members of the mouse prolactin gene family

Abstract The prolactin (PRL) family consists of a collection of genes expressed in the uterus, placenta, and anterior pituitary. These cytokines/hormones participate in the control of maternal–fetal adaptations to pregnancy. In this report, we establish the presence of two new members of the mouse PRL family. Novel expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with significant homology to PRL were isolated from embryonic, ectoplacental cone, and placental cDNA libraries. The cDNAs were sequenced and compared to other members of the PRL family. The two new cDNAs were assigned to the PRL family based on sequence homology and were referred to as PRL-like protein-F (PLP-F) and PRL-like protein-G (PLP-G). PLP-F cDNA encodes for a predicted 267 amino acid protein containing a 30 amino acid signal peptide and three putative N-linked glycosylation sites. PLP-G cDNA encodes for a predicted 266 amino acid protein containing a 30 amino acid signal peptide and six putative N-linked glycosylation sites. Sequence alignments of these proteins with other members of the PRL family suggest some unique features. Both sequences contain an extra amino acid segment located between exons two and three of the prototypical PRL gene and a nine amino acid carboxy terminal extension. PLP-F contained an additional 15 amino acid region situated between exons four and five of the prototypical PRL gene. Both PLP-F and PLP-G mRNAs were expressed in the placenta but not in other tissues (uterus, brain, thymus, heart, lung, diaphragm, liver, kidney, and ovary). In summary, the two newly identified members share approximately 50% amino acid sequence identity, are specifically expressed in the placenta, and represent a new subfamily within the PRL family.
Macrophage paraoxonase 2 regulates calcium homeostasis and cell survival under endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions and is sufficient to prevent the development of aggravated atherosclerosis in paraoxonase 2 deficiency/apoE-/- mice on a Western diet.

Abstract Paraoxonase 2 deficiency (PON2-def) alters mitochondrial function and exacerbates the development of atherosclerosis in mice. PON2 overexpression protects against ER stress in cell culture. In this paper, we examined the role of PON2 in the unexplored link between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and tested whether restoration of PON2 in macrophages is sufficient to reduce aggravated atherosclerosis in PON2-def/apoE −/− mice on a Western diet. ER stress response genes, intracellular calcium levels, and apoptotic nuclei were significantly elevated in PON2-def/apoE −/− macrophages compared to apoE −/− macrophages in response to ER stressors, but not at the basal level. In contrast, PON2-def/apoE −/− macrophages exhibited greater mitochondrial stress at the basal level, which was further worsened in response to ER stressors. There was no difference in ER stress response genes and apoptotic nuclei between apoE −/− and PON2-def/apoE −/− macrophages when pretreated with xestospongin (which blocks the release of calcium from ER) suggesting that PON2 modulates cell survival and ER stress by maintaining calcium homeostasis. Treatment with a mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor, RU360, attenuated ER stressor mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in PON2-def/apoE −/− macrophages. CHOP expression (ER stress marker) and apoptotic nuclei were significantly higher in aortic lesions of PON2-def/apoE −/− mice compared to apoE −/− mice fed a Western diet. Restoration of PON2 in macrophages reduced ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in response to ER stressors. Furthermore, restoration of PON2 in macrophages reduced lesional apoptosis and atherosclerosis in PON2-def/apoE −/− mice on a Western diet. Our data suggest that macrophage PON2 modulates mechanisms that link ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of atherosclerosis.
Impact of Data Assimilation on Ocean Initialization and El Niño Prediction

Abstract In this study, the authors compare skills of forecasts of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) coupled general circulation model that were initiated using different sets of ocean initial conditions. These were produced with and without assimilation of observed subsurface upper-ocean temperature data from expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) and from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere–Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TOGA–TAO) buoys. These experiments show that assimilation of observed subsurface temperature data in the determining of the initial conditions, especially for summer and fall starts, results in significantly improved forecasts for the NCEP coupled model. The assimilation compensates for errors in the forcing fields and inadequate physical parameterizations in the ocean model. Furthermore, additional skill improvements, over that provided by XBT assimilation, result from assimilation of subsurface temperature data collected ...
Micro-miniature autonomous optical sensor array for monitoring ions and metabolites 1: design, fabrication, and data analysis.

A micro-miniature array of sensing capsules for optical monitoring of pH, potassium and glucose is described. Optode technology translates the respective ionic levels into variable colors of ionophore/dye/polymeric liquid micro-beads stuffed into individual capsules. Glucose is monitored indirectly, by coupling through glucose oxidase (GOX) immobilized in cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) based microscopic beads that are stuffed into another microcapsule together with pH sensitive optical microscopic beads. The electrolyte and glucose sensing capsules are embedded in a transparent cellulose acetate bar 300 - 500 μm wide and 2 - 2.5 mm long called the sliver sensor that includes also a white capsule made of micro-beads without dye for optical reference. By adding further capsules custom combinations of analytes can be monitored in biomedical and non-biological contexts. In this work, as an example, design, fabrication and testing of a sliver sensor that could be developed for in vivo use are described.
Fast-neutron detectors for nuclear physics experiments

Fast-neutron detectors are used in a wide range of nuclear physics experiments including studies of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, charge-exchange reactions, photonuclear reactions, neutron-induced fission, and, especially recently, reactions of radioactive nuclei. Although many of the detectors being developed now are based on technologies that are several decades old, new physics is now accessible due to the advent of advanced accelerators, and these facilities present challenging opportunities for detecting fast neutrons. The choice of detectors, their appropriateness for particular measurements and how they are integrated into experiments will be discussed. Detector arrays are of particular importance these days to study angular distributions or simply to increase the solid angle coverage to increase the data rate. Modeling the response of the detectors has become much more important in order to understand better their response and to calculate effects of neutron scattering in the experimental area, including detector-to-detector scattering. Data acquisition through waveform digitizers is now common and leads to more information from each event as well as significant reductions in dead time and in the complexity of the electronics. At the same time, analyzing waveforms in real time presents challenges in terms of handling large amounts of information. Examples of significant improvements in the utilization of neutron detectors in physics experiments, in the characterization of the detector response, and in signal processing will be presented.
Supernormal: How the Internet Is Changing Our Memories and Our Minds

We are creatures of flesh and blood, living in a world of bits and bytes—a world shaped by the Internet. With the simple touch of a button or swipe of a finger, we can instantaneously access vast a...
The role of the office of radiation measurement in quality assurance

Abstract Over the past ten years the National Institute of Standards and Technology has, through its Office of Radiation Measurement, developed several national Secondary Laboratories systems in the field of ionizing radiation. These Secondary Laboratories systems provide the necessary calibrations and quality assurance testing to support and affirm the caliber of the measurements in special areas of ionizing radiation. The areas that are supported by the program include State Radiation Protection, Personnel Dosimetry, Survey Instrument Calibration, High-level Dosimetry, Radiation Therapy, Bioassay, Survey Instrument Testing, Ionizing Radiation, Environmental Radioactivity, Radioactivity Standards, and Radon.
A robot-based detector manipulator system for a hard x-ray nanoprobe instrument.

This paper presents the design of a robot-based detector manipulator for microdiffraction applications with a hard X-ray nanoprobe instrument system being constructed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) being constructed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Applications for detectors weighing from 1.5 to 100 kg were discussed in three configurations.
MiRiad Roles for MicroRNAs in Cardiac Development and Regeneration

Cardiac development is an exquisitely regulated process that is sensitive to perturbations in transcriptional activity and gene dosage. Accordingly, congenital heart abnormalities are prevalent worldwide, and are estimated to occur in approximately 1% of live births. Recently, small non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs, have emerged as critical components of the cardiogenic regulatory network, and have been shown to play numerous roles in the growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of the developing heart. Moreover, the importance of miRNA function in cardiac development has facilitated the identification of prospective therapeutic targets for patients with congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. Here, we discuss findings attesting to the critical role of miRNAs in cardiogenesis and cardiac regeneration, and present evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cardiovascular diseases.
Ocular conditions of neonatal foals

A discussion of ocular conditions of foals with an emphasis on congenital and inherited disorders is presented. An understanding of the normal postnatal development of the eye and adnexae is important. Recognition of inherited abnormalities is essential when giving advice on breeding suitability, and prompt attention or referral of deteriorating ocular conditions in foals ensures the best outcome for future use. Congenital conditions may be recognized for the first time in older animals during their first thorough eye examination.
Autoimmune effector cells part 10: Effector cells of autoimmune encephalomyelitis in healthy nonimmune rats

Abstract This paper describes our ongoing investigation of the activation of effector cells of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) from nonimmune Lewis rats by sequential culture of spleen cells (SpC) with myelin basic protein (BP) and transfer to syngeneic recipients. We show that SpC initiate the effector cell activation process, whereas thymocytes (Thy) are ineffective. Intermediary recipients of BP-cultured SpC are ‘primed’ for EAE, but do not develop the disease; this primed state persists for at least 2 months. No evidence was found that suppressor cells account for the failure of the intermediary recipients to develop EAE. The activation process can be inhibited by including monoclonal anti-Ia antibody in the primary culture, indicating that multiple triggering signals are involved in the activation of autoreactive T cells.
Density and boundary regulations of the Nitella meadow in Lake George, New York

Abstract The charophyte Nitella flexilis (L.) Ag., grows in an extensive sublittoral meadow in Lake George as in other oligotrophic lakes with low organic content. Studies were made of its growth rate regulation, growth form, and spatial distribution in the lake. Evidence is presented that boundaries and density of plants in the meadow are under separate controls. Density is believed to be nutrient limited. Phosphate was shown to limit rates of photosynthesis in vitro. In Lake George densities of plants were quite variable, unlike reports of 60 years ago. The most dense meadows were found near lake shore villages, or sources of plant nutrients. Boundaries are suggested to be determined by a photomorphogenetic switch mechanism. Sharp boundaries, depth related length of internodes and depth distribution of both oospore and vegetative reproduction are supportive. Supportive also are the studies demonstrating red-light control of key stages in the development of charophyte shoots. The absence of other plants from the deep boundary and often from the shallow boundary seems to rule out interspecies relationships. Photosynthetic limitation seems ruled out by the size and density of shoots at the lower boundary of the meadow in Lake George.
The Paradox and Tragedy of Helplessness: Freud, Winnicott, and Religion

This article explores the works of Freud and Winnicott from the prism of the experience of helplessness in everyday life. Their theories provide a framework for and psychological insights into understanding the etiological sources and dynamics of non-traumatic helplessness. In addition, it is argued that Freud’s and Winnicott’s respective psychological theories manifest and were shaped by their own personal attitudes and responses toward experiences of helplessness, which, in turn, influenced their views regarding the role of religion in human life.
Equity alliances, stages of product development, and alliance instability

Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze the stability of strategic alliances initiated at different stages of the new product development process and to determine the appropriateness of different governance structures (e.g., joint ventures, minority equity alliances, non-equity alliances). Specifically, we argue that the minority equity form of alliance is an inherently unstable structure for product development partnerships. Key findings of this study are: (a) minority equity alliances are more likely to be terminated within 5 years than joint ventures and non-equity alliances, (b) alliances are more likely to be terminated if they are initiated in the early and late stages of product development and less likely to be terminated if they are initiated in the mid-stages of product development, and (c) alliances are more likely to become acquisitions if they are initiated in the mid-stages of product development and less likely to become acquisitions if they are initiated in the early and late stages of product development.
An economic model for low-cost housing projects: Program and policy evaluation☆

Abstract In policy planning and administration for needs such as housing, there is at each level of government—Federal, State and Local respectively—a decreasing number of variables which government jurisdiction is able to influence realistically. Moreover, each addresses itself to somewhat dissimilar problems. One of the tasks of the planner and analyst is to define respective limits for officials in charge, to eliminate confusion about who should be responsible for influencing them. One approach now being developed to assist housing policy makers at each level in evolving legislation, policy, programs and project acceptance or rejection criteria is a model that employs simple mathematical equations to replicate the economics of the construction and operation process. The work thus far has been devoted to analyzing and documenting the factors influencing housing, developing the mathematical equations, writing the computer program, testing the various included factors' sensitivity and performing some simple subsidy test to examine the model's feasibility as an aid in formulating and evaluating public housing policy.
Evaluation of the effect of future climate change on the distribution and movement of moisture in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, NV

Abstract The objective of this paper is to predict the effect of changes in future climatic conditions on the distribution and movement of moisture in the unsaturated zone (UZ) at Yucca Mountain. Modeling is conducted as part of a continuing effort ( Wittwer et al., 1995 ; Bodvarsson and Bandurraga, 1996 ; Bodvarsson et al., 1997 ) using TOUGH2, a multiphase, integrated finite difference numerical model ( Pruess, 1991 ) calibrated using available saturation, water potential and pneumatic data from six boreholes ( Bodvarsson et al., 1997 ). Modeling results indicate that wetter future climatic conditions may increase lateral diversion above low permeability units of the Calico Hills nonwelded (CHn) hydrogeologic unit, and decrease lateral diversion above the Paintbrush nonwelded (PTn) hydrogeologic unit. The existence of lateral diversion above the CHn hydrogeologic unit is important if this diversion allow moisture to bypass altered zeolitic layers where radionuclides potentially released from the repository could be sorbed. Lateral diversion within the PTn hydrogeologic unit is important because it could redistribute the spatial distribution of net infiltration above the repository horizon. Nevertheless, no field evidence of lateral diversion in the PTn unit has been observed, suggesting that faulting or interface heterogeneities limit lateral flow. Collection and analysis of additional geochemical data may decrease uncertainty in capability of the PTn and altered CHn hydrogeologic units to create barriers to vertical flow, improving confidence in future climatic predictions.
Duration and characteristics of metal price cycles

Abstract This paper addresses the fluctuations in real metal prices: are they simply random variations or do they display some degree of cyclicality? This study identifies peaks and troughs in the inflation adjusted prices for 14 metals, using monthly average data from January 1947 through December 2007. Duration dependence testing, which is performed on the expansions, contractions, and full cycles, finds many cases in which the duration of these phases are not purely random and have some degree of cyclicality. Additional characterization show that contractions generally persist longer than expansions (in contrast to macroeconomic cycles) that long-term real prices have been trendless, and that the amplitude of price changes over the phases has little regularity. For those performing this type of analysis, the appendices explain the procedures for dating turning points and assessing duration dependence.
Genetic factors in aggressive behavior

(1982). Genetic factors in aggressive behavior. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 2, Aggression: An interdisciplinary approach, pp. 53-75.
Measurement of the lifetime of KS0 mesons in the momentum range 100 to 350 GeV/c.

In an experiment at Fermilab we have measured the lifetime of ${K}_{S}^{0}$ mesons produced by 800-GeV/c protons on tungsten. ${K}_{S}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ decays from 100 to 350 GeV/c, between 9.3 and 25.3 m from production, were selected for the measurement. The result was (0.8920\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0044)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$ sec, in excellent agreement with measurements performed for 2--5-GeV/c ${K}_{S}^{0}$. The lifetime was also calculated for seven momentum bins. The results were completely consistent with Lorentz invariance. No evidence was found for the mometnum dependence suggested by the intermediate-range ``fifth-force'' hypothesis.
Near-Infrared Acousto-Optic Filtered Spectroscopic Microscopy: A Solid-State Approach to Chemical Imaging

A new instrumental approach for performing spectroscopic imaging microscopy is described. The instrument integrates an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and charge-coupled-device (CCD) detector with an infinity-corrected microscope for operation in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions. Images at moderate spectral resolution (2 nm) and high spatial resolution (1 μm) can be collected rapidly. Data are presented containing 128 × 128 pixels, although images with significantly larger formats can be collected in approximately the same time. In operation, the CCD is used as a true imaging detector, while wavelength selectivity is provided by using the AOTF and quartz tungsten halogen lamp to create a tunable source. The instrument is entirely solid state, containing no moving parts, and can be readily configured for both absorption and reflectance spectroscopies. We present visible absorption spectral images of human epithelial cells, as well as NIR vibrational absorption images of a hydrated phospholipid suspension, to demonstrate the potential of the technique in the study of biological materials. Extensions and future applications of this work are discussed.
Gleason Score 7 Prostate Adenocarcinoma Treated with Definitive Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

implantation alone with prescription dose of 144Gy. The rest of intermediate-risk cases and high-risk cases (PSAO20 or GSO7 or T3a) were treated with seed implantation (prescription dose 100 to 110Gy) followed by EBRT (1.8Gy x 25 5 45Gy) starting from a month after the seed implantation. Post-treatment dosimetric analysis was performed on each case based on CT-scan images a month after BT. Phoenix definition (nadirþ2) was used toanalyze biological failure (BF), and the time to BF was determined with Kaplan-Meier’s analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of treatment failure. Results: Five-year overall survival ratewas 97.6% and 5-year freedom from BF rate was 92.0% for all patients. Five-year freedom from BF rate for lowrisk, intermediate-risk and high-risk cases were 95.9%, 92.1% and 82.3%, respectively. Local recurrence, that was evaluated by biopsy or MRI images, was found in 1.09% (5/458), 1.30% (9/693), and 2.80% (4/143) in low-, intermediateand high-risk cases, respectively. Metastatic lesions were found in 0.44% (2/458), 2.74% (19/693), and 8.39% (12/143) in low-, intermediateand high-risk cases, respectively. In multivariate analyzes, iPSA (p50.036), GS (p50.00) and T stage (p50.00) were significantly associated with BF. T stage was the only factor that significantly associated with clinical failure (hazard ratio: 1.205, p50.001). Conclusions: Initial experiences of BT for prostate cancer in Japan showed satisfactory results. Metastatic lesions were more likely to be found in the high-risk cases, but local control of the disease was fine in any risk groups. Overall, BT showed favorable results even for the high-risk cases.
Peptide binding by a micellar polymer of 10‐undecenoate

A micelle-like polymer of 10-undecenoate was prepared by γ-irradiating micellar solutions in 1 M NH4HCO3. The polymer was characterized with respect to its Stoke's radius, molecular weight, and intrinsic viscosity. The hydrodynamic data are consistent with a fairly compact molecule of molecular weight 6000. The binding of several tryptophanyl-containing peptides to the polymer was examined using difference spectroscopy.
A simple form of the maximum entropy moment matrix and its inverse

Abstract The maximum entropy (ME) moment matrix is always non-singular due to a ridge above the diagonal. This paper gives an explicit expression for this ridge and for the inverse of the ME moment matrix.
An immunochemical approach to the structure of myosin and the thick filament.

Abstract The arrangement of the various components of myosin within the myofibril has been investigated by staining the thick filament with fluorescein-labeled antibodies directed against myosin and its “subunits”, heavy meromyosin S-1, rod and light chains. The specificity of the various antisera was established by immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitin analysis, and determination of ATPase activity of antibody-antigen complexes. It was found that specific antisera can promote the dissociation of the low molecular weight subunits or light chains from the rest of the myosin molecule. From the specific fluorescent staining pattern observed in the light microscope with each antiserum, it has been possible to ascertain certain features of the interactions of myosin within the myofibril. The staining pattern obtained with antibodies to light chains provides direct evidence that these subunits are a structural component of the thick filament.
Effects of Contralateral Acoustic Stimulation on Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions and Hearing Threshold Fine Structure

Medial olivocochlear (MOC) influence on cochlear mechanics can be noninvasively, albeit indirectly, explored via the effects of contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) on otoacoustic emissions. CAS-mediated effects are particularly pronounced for spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), which are typically reduced in amplitude and shifted upward in frequency by CAS. We investigated whether similar frequency shifts and magnitude reductions were observed behaviorally in the fine structure of pure-tone hearing thresholds, a phenomenon thought to share a common underlying mechanism with SOAEs. In normal-hearing listeners, fine-resolution thresholds were obtained over a narrow frequency range centered on the frequency of an SOAE, both in the absence and presence of 60-dB SPL broadband CAS. While CAS shifted threshold fine structure patterns and SOAEs upward in frequency by a comparable amount, little reduction in the presence or depth of fine structure was observed at frequencies near those of SOAEs. In fact, CAS typically improved thresholds, particularly at threshold minima, and increased fine structure depth when reductions in the amplitude of the associated SOAE were less than 10 dB. Additional measurements made at frequencies distant from SOAEs, or near SOAEs that were more dramatically reduced in amplitude by the CAS, revealed that CAS tended to elevate thresholds and reduce threshold fine structure depth. The results suggest that threshold fine structure is sensitive to MOC-mediated changes in cochlear gain, but that SOAEs complicate the interpretation of threshold measurements at nearby frequencies, perhaps due to masking or other interference effects. Both threshold fine structure and SOAEs may be significant sources of intersubject and intrasubject variability in psychoacoustic investigations of MOC function.
The Dispersive FEL - A Hybrid Optical Klystron-Free Electron Laser

The dispersive free-electron laser (dispersive FEL) is a normal free-electron laser (FEL) with a dispersive magnetic field, similar to that of the optical klystron (OK), superimposed on some of the undulator magnets. Small signal gain, electron energy acceptance bandwidth and saturation efficiency of the normal FEL, OK and dispersive FEL are compared. It is found that for a given electron energy acceptance the dispersive FEL has about a factor of two higher gain than the OK. For a given length, and some non-negligible intrinsic cavity loss, the dispersive FEL has higher saturated output power than the normal FEL. For storage ring operation, where the intrinsic energy bandwidth is small and the length is limited, the dispersive FEL has higher gain than either the conventional FEL or the optical klystron.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ruptured Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Associated with Aarskog Syndrome

A 44-year-old male with Aarskog syndrome (AS) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm. AS, also known as faciogenital dysplasia, is an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive congenital developmental disorder. This syndrome is characterized by short stature in association with a variety of multiple anomalies in musculoskeletal, neurological, and urogenital systems. Cerebrovascular abnormalities such as anomalous cerebral venous drainage, dysplastic internal carotid artery, and basilar artery malformation have been reported to be associated with AS. To our knowledge this represents the first case of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm in a patient with AS.
Exudation of terpenoids by cotton roots

The terpenoid aldehydes, desoxyhemigossypol, desoxy-6-methoxyhemigossypol, hemigossypol, 6-methoxyhemigossypol, gossypol, 6-methoxygossypol, and 6,6′-dimethoxygossypol, previously reported to be present in cotton roots (Gossypium hivsutum L.) were found on absorbing surfaces adjacent to roots. Infection of hypocotyls byRhizoctonia solani increased the quantity of terpenoids exuded by roots. Because these compounds are antimicrobial, their presence in the rhizosphere should be considered in studies of the microflora of cotton roots.
Prevention and Management of Complications in Body Contouring Surgery

This patient safety article discusses strategies to prevent, diagnose, and manage complications from body contouring surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative approaches to avoiding, identifying, and treating complications are addressed. Individual complications, such as hematoma, seroma, infection, dehiscence, suture extrusion, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism are discussed and a review of complication rates in the body contouring literature is provided. The article addresses procedure-specific complications and pearls to avoiding complications in these cases. Difficult problems such as skin relaxation and management of the disappointed patient are also discussed.
A Multi-Block Fourth-Order Energy-Stable Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory Finite Dierence Scheme

jumps in grid-spacing across subdomain interfaces. Results are presented for the linear scalar hyperbolic wave equation in one and two dimensions and the Euler equations in one and two dimensions. It is demonstrated that this methodology allows strong discontinuities to be passed across subdomain interfaces without signicant distortion. Moreover it is demonstrated that the methodology provides stable and accurate results even when large dierences in the grid-spacing exist, whereas strong imposition of the interface conditions causes noticeable oscillations. Weak subdomain interdependence, low subdomain-to-subdomain message-passing overhead, and ease of local grid renement make the new methodology promising for scalable massively-parallel simulations and complex geometries.
Strategically Addressing The Nurse Shortage: A Closer Look At The Nurse Funders Collaborative

Despite consistent public and private investments in nursing over several decades, nurse shortages persist, appearing more acute today than ever before. The Nurse Funders Collaborative, a group of foundations, government agencies, and corporations convened by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has been meeting since 2003, seeking opportunities to address issues facing nursing and health care more strategically. This paper reports on a study conducted under the collaborative’s auspices, which highlights the categorical and regional funding patterns of funders of nursing over five years. This information provides nursing funders with ways to craft new solutions to the nurse shortage.
Increasing culturally competent neuropsychological services for ethnic minority populations: a call to action.

US demographic and sociopolitical shifts have resulted in a rapidly growing need for culturally competent neuropsychological services. However, clinical neuropsychology as a field has not kept pace with the needs of ethnic minority clients. In this discussion we review: historical precedents and the limits of universalism in neuropsychology; ethical/professional guidelines pertinent to neuropsychological practice with ethnic minority clients; critical cultural considerations in neuropsychology; current disparities germane to practice; and challenges to the provision of services to racial/ethnic minority clients. We provide a call to action for neuropsychologists and related organizations to advance multiculturalism and diversity within the field by increasing multicultural awareness and knowledge, multicultural education and training, multicultural neuropsychological research, and the provision of culturally competent neuropsychological services to racial/ethnic minority clients. Lastly, we discuss strate...
Gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis of methylphenidate and p-hydroxymethylphenidate using deuterated internal standards

Abstract A gas chromatography—mass spectrometry assay is described for the simultaneous determination of threo-dl-methylphenidate and threo-dl-p-hydromethylphenidate in plasma and urine using selected ion monitoring of electron impact generated fragments of their pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. The use of recently available deuterated analogues as internal standards improves overall performance relative to previous methods. The practical limit of quantifiable detection of the assay is 0.5 ng/ml for both methylphenidate and p- hydroxymethylphenidate. p-Hydroxymethylphenidate appears to be a significant urinary metabolite of methylphenidate in rats but not in humans.