cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Optokinetic Uncover Test

Our consistent observation that the nasalward optokinetic input to the cortically-suppressed, esodeviated eye can override foveal input to the fixating eye demonstrates that subcortical optokinesis remains operative in patients with EIE. This clinical observation has potential implications for children with other visual disorders as well. For example, it has been noted that children with cortical blindness do not have optokinetic responses, and therefore inferred that the subcortical accessory optic system (AOS) cannot remain operative. This conclusion should be taken with a grain of salt for several reasons. First, this reasoning is tautological, as the ones who do show optokinetic responses are deemed to have incomplete cortical blindness. Second, although the normal accessory optic system remains functional in the first 2–3 months of life, optokinetic responses have never been tested during this early time period to see if they are initially present in children with cortical blindness. Finally, we have reported that many infants with seemingly isolated cortical visual injury have absent vestibulo-ocular reflexes, suggesting that coexistent subcortical injury may not always be evident on neuroimaging studies. To my knowledge, the potential role of the accessory optic system in motion detection in humans with “blindsight” has not been investigated.
Improving reproductive efficiency through the use of reproductive tract scoring in a group of beef replacement heifers

This study investigated the potential improvement in reproductive efficiency through reproductive tract scoring (RTS) of heifers 30-60 days prior to breeding. Between 2000 and 2004, the RTS of 1986 heifers (mean age of 395 days) were determined in two locations in Georgia, USA as part of the Heifer Evaluation and Reproductive Development (HERD) project. These heifers were of similar age and were managed using comparable nutrition and management protocols. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit method was used to analyse the number of days from the start of the breeding period to conception for heifers with different RTS classifications. RTS was significantly associated with both time to conception and the proportion of heifers that conceived during the breeding period. The mean time to conception for heifers in the combined RTS 1 and 2 category (37.8 days) was significantly longer than for heifers with scores of 4 (19.7 days) or 5 (15.8 days), but not significantly different from heifers with RTS of 3 (29.2 days). The estimated percentages of heifers that would have conceived during a uniform 70 day breeding period were 94.6% of RTS 5, 91.2% of RTS 4, 87.6% of RTS 3, and 70.5% of RTS 1 and 2. This study indicates that reproductive tract scoring can be used to assist producers in the selection of heifers that will conceive at a higher rate and breed earlier during the breeding season.
A balanced strategy performs better than a pure strategy

Empirical scholarly work often focuses on either marketing or R&D activities in isolation to examine their effects on firm performance. Built on the concept of a balanced strategy and the resource ...
Widely Digitally Stable Numbers

We show that there are infinitely many composite numbers N, relatively prime to 10, that remain composite if you insert any digit anywhere in its base 10 representation, including between two of the infinitely many leading zeros of N and to the right of the units digit of N.
Patient-reported sexual function of breast cancer survivors with genitourinary syndrome of menopause after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the change in sexual function following treatment with fractional CO2 laser therapy in breast cancer (BC) survivors with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). METHODS A single-arm feasibility study of BC survivors with symptoms of GSM, including dyspareunia and/or vaginal dryness, was conducted. Participants who received three treatments with fractional CO2 laser and 4-week follow-up were contacted for patient-reported outcomes and adverse events at 12 months. Sexual function was measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Female Sexual Distress Scale Revised (FSDS-R). Descriptive statistics were calculated for patient demographics and disease characteristics for the set of participants who agreed to long-term follow-up and those who were lost to follow-up. FSFI and FSDS-R scores were summarized at baseline, 4 weeks and 12 months, as well as the change from baseline, and were compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS A total of 67 BC survivors enrolled, 59 completed treatments and 4-week follow-up; 39 participated in the 12 month follow-up. The overall FSFI score improved from baseline to 4-week follow-up (median Δ 8.8 [Q1, Q3] (QS) (2.2, 16.7)], P < 0.001). There were improvements at 4 weeks in all domains of the FSFI (P < 0.001 for each) including desire (median Δ 1.2; QS [0.6, 1.8]), arousal (median Δ 1.2; QS [0.3, 2.7]), lubrication (median Δ 1.8 (0, 3.3), orgasm (median Δ 1.2; QS [0, 3.6]), satisfaction (median Δ 1.6 (0.4, 3.2)), and pain (median Δ 1.6 (0, 3.6). The FSDS-R score also improved from baseline to 4-week follow-up (median Δ -10.0; QS [-16, -5] P < 0.001) indicating less sexually related distress. The scores of the FSFI and FSDS-R remained improved at 12 months and there were no serious adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS In BC survivors with GSM, the total and individual domain scores of the FSFI and the FSDS-R improved after fractional CO2 laser therapy.
Academic Workforce Diversity Trends by Sex and Underrepresented in Medicine Status Among US Radiation Oncology & Medical Oncology Faculty Over Five Decades.

Purpose/objective(s) A healthcare workforce that better reflects the demographics of those it serves can lead to improved patient trust, compliance and outcomes. It is unclear if the growing imperative to address disparities in racial/ethnic and gender representation in the medical field has resulted in corresponding progress in the composition of academic radiation and medical oncology (RO, MO) departments. Herein we report trends in RO and MO faculty diversity, overall and by academic rank, over the past 5 decades. Materials/methods Data were acquired from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Roster between 1970 and 2019 for academic RO and MO departments to determine sex and race/ethnicity trends over five decades. Underrepresented in Medicine (URM) was defined as individuals identifying as Black, Hispanic, and Native American. Linear regression models were used to estimate slopes and associated P-values. Results Total faculty complements grew over time in both RO and MO. The number of URM female faculty increased by 0.85/year in RO and 0.79/year in MO (P-trend Conclusion Gender and racial/ethnic diversity of academic RO and MO faculty has increased over time but has not kept pace with that of the US population, particularly with respect to URM status. The proportion of female faculty in both specialties demonstrates more promising growth, and may inform measures to achieve similar progress in recruiting and retaining URM faculty in MO and RO. Rank among RO and MO faculty through the decades.
Psychology Ought to Honor the Paradoxical: The Power of Weakness

We live in a violent world, in our homes, streets, across international borders, in our technostrategic bunkers. Simultaneously, we consume a successfully marketed feel-good life-style that provides the psychic numbing to protect our precious comfort in the midst of this violence.
8 Reflecting on Representation and Process: Children's Understanding of Cognition

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews a wide range of studies that focus on how children conceive of the human mind. Wellman has argued that the child's framework theory of mind undergoes major revisions during the preschool years. The child's first theory of mind is characterized by a desire psychology; he or she understands that individuals act to fulfill their desires but does not recognize that these actions are mediated by beliefs. Somewhere around their third birthday, children recognize that an individual's actions are informed by his or her beliefs. Four-year-olds begin to recognize that knowledge-based representations are not simply copied from the outside world. They recognize that beliefs are constructed and that even though beliefs are reality-oriented, they do not always mirror the reality. Unlike a younger child, a four-year-old is able to reflect, at least to some extent, on both representations and the processes that construct them. Even three-year-olds have some understanding of process. They recognize, for example, that perceptual processes are independent in the sense that one perceptual modality can be activated while another cannot.
A quad-mode DCO for multi-standard communication application

This paper proposes a quad-mode digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) for multi-band frequency synthesizer application. The DCO consists of an LC-tank using three inductors and two varactor arrays. Four different inductances and capacitances are obtained by tuning corresponding varactor values, which result in four resonances to increase the frequency tuning range. The simulation results show that the proposed DCO output frequency covers the frequency ranges from 1.5GHz to 2.5GHz and from 4.3GHz to 6.2GHz, which are suitable for multistandard applications.
Heterogeneity of Nucleolar U3 Ribonucleic Acid of the Novikoff Hepatoma

Among the low molecular weight RNAs which have been shown to be localized to the nucleolus are the 4 S, U3, and 8 S RNAs. Of these, the U3 and 8 S RNAs are hydrogen bonded to nucleolar 28 S RNA. The nucleolar U3 RNA migrates as an electrophoretically homogeneous band on 8% polyacylamide gels but was separated into four bands on 16% gels. Although these bands have similar nucleotide compositions, chemical analysis of the hydroxymethyl ethylene glycol derivatives of the 3'-terminal nucleosides produced by periodate oxidation and reduction with tritiated potassium borohydride has shown that these bands contain several components. Separation on DEAE-Sephadex of the oligonucleotides obtained by T1 and pancreatic RNase digestion showed that three different groups of terminal oligonucleotides are present. The nucleoside peak contains 3'-terminal guanosine, 85%, and cytidine, 15%. The mononucleotide peak contains terminal adenosine, 62%, uridine, 26%, and cytidine, 8%. The hexanucleotide peak contains terminal uridine, 100%. On the basis of the enzymatic digestions employed, the terminal oligonucleotides are PyG, PyC, PyGAA, PyGAU, PyGAC, PyG(Np)4NmpNmpU.
K-medoid-style Clustering Algorithms for Supervised Summary Generation.

This paper centers on the discussion of k-medoid-style clustering algorithms for supervised summary generation. This task requires clustering techniques that identify class-uniform clusters. This paper investigates such a novel clustering technique we term supervised clustering. Our work focuses on the generalization of k-medoid-style clustering algorithms. We investigate two supervised clustering algorithms: SRIDHCR (Single Representative Insertion/Deletion Hill Climbing with Restart) and SPAM, a variation of PAM. The solution quality and run time of these two algorithms as well as the traditional clustering algorithm PAM are evaluated using a benchmark consisting of four data sets. Experiments show that supervised clustering algorithms enhance class purity by 7% to 19% over the traditional clustering algorithm PAM, and that SRIDHCR finds better solutions than SPAM.
Modeling cortico-subcortical interactions during planning, learning, and voluntary control of actions

Recent computer modeling studies have made substantial progress toward specifying how adaptive cortical circuits involved in planning and voluntary control of actions may interact with adaptive sub-cortical circuits, notably those in the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. A key aspect of any comprehensive model is the proposed division of labor among frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum, all of which may be significantly engaged during most voluntary planning and action. This paper presents an emerging theoretical synthesis based on an interlocking set of formal computational hypotheses, which specify how local circuit features in the three areas interact, via neuro-anatomically established pathways within and between the areas, to solve fundamental learning and performance problems encountered during voluntary planning and action. Results of simulations that demonstrate the mutual coherence and explanatory power of the hypotheses, vis-a-vis extensive behavioral and neurophysiological data, were reviewed.
TILA and a Uniform Law of Consumer Credit

This paper provides a cursory overview and criticism of predatory lending laws then proposes a Uniform Law of Consumer Credit (ULCC) to work alongside the Truth in Lending Act to provide a complete, behaviorally informed, system of consumer financial protection that strives to keep credit affordable and to encourage innovative credit products. It argues that a uniform law will create sufficient state-to-state consistency to reduce the need for federal preemption and thereby bring the benefits of federalism - protection from agency capture, legislative responsiveness and experimentation at the state level - into consumer financial protection. Finally, it suggests five starting principles for drafting a ULCC: Lleyellyn’s legal realism, the jurisprudence of unfair and deceptive acts and practices, rationalizing consumer credit contracts with the law of contracts, incentives for safe and affordable credit, and effective remedies.
Disruption of the Anterior–Posterior Rotator Cuff Force Balance Alters Joint Function and Leads to Joint Damage in a Rat Model

The rotator cuff assists in shoulder movement and provides dynamic stability to the glenohumeral joint. Specifically, the anterior-posterior (AP) force balance, provided by the subscapularis anteriorly and the infraspinatus and teres minor posteriorly, is critical for joint stability and concentric rotation of the humeral head on the glenoid. However, limited understanding exists of the consequences associated with disruption of the AP force balance (due to tears of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons) on joint function and joint damage. We investigated the effect of disrupting the APforce balance on joint function and joint damage in an overuse rat model. Twenty-eight rats underwent 4 weeks of overuse to produce a tendinopathic condition and were then randomized into two surgical groups: Detachment of the supraspinatus only or detachment of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. Rats were then gradually returned to their overuse protocol. Quantitative ambulatory measures including medial/lateral, propulsion, braking, and vertical forces were significantly different between groups. Additionally, cartilage and adjacent tendon properties were significantly altered. These results identify joint imbalance as a mechanical mechanism for joint damage and demonstrate the importance of preserving rotator cuff balance when treating active cuff tear patients.
Articles in series: characteristics and access

The American Mathematical Society (AMS) has required since 1970 that authors of articles published in AMS journals submit indexing terms with their manuscripts. This study examincd 159 documents published by the AMS in 1975. Each contained author indexing tenn--class numbers selected bv authors from the AMS(M0S) Subject Classification Scheme (1970). Most documents also received indexing terms provided by Mathematical Reviews indexers. To compare these two indexing treatments, the investigator solicited readers from among mathematics faculty and graduate students to suggest queries to which the documents would be satisfactory responses. The investigator transformed the queries into search statements composed of AMS class numbers, and then compared search terms with author and professional indexing terms. A document was retrieved (and recall considered successful) if at least one search term matched at least one indexing term, under a given indexing treatment. The major hypothesis of the study was that auth...
High speed parametric processing controlled by few photons

Abstract Optical signal processing has long been recognized as a promising route to a new class of fast and energy efficient devices. The former parameter, the speed, has indeed been addressed in a number of different signal processing roles, confirming the superiority of optical signal processing devices with respect to their electronic counterpart. After gaining some maturity, the field has now advanced to reducing the energy consumption. In this regard, new efforts are directed toward designing an efficient photon interaction mediator, expected to provide both fast and energy efficient devices. The key topic of this review is the progress in longitudinal silica fiber dispersion engineering enabling efficient, non-reciprocal parametric mixers. We present how longitudinal dispersion fluctuations, once considered detrimental, can now be exploited to alter the phase matching condition, and thus, enable fast control of a high power beam by few photons. The potential of such a functionality in high-speed optical signal processing and sensing is discussed.
Changing the Course Allocation Mechanism at Wharton

This paper reports on an experiment conducted at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, testing a new mechanism for matching students to schedules of courses. The experiment compared Budish’s (2011) approximate competitive equilibrium from equal incomes (CEEI) to the incumbent, a fake-money auction used by Wharton and numerous other professional schools. CEEI outperformed the auction on quantitative measures of efficiency and fairness and qualitative measures of perceived strategic simplicity and student satisfaction. The experiment succeeded in the Roth (1986) sense of “whispering in the ears of princes”, persuading the Wharton administration to adopt CEEI and guiding real-world implementation.
Characterization of global near-nadir backscatter for remote sensing radar design

In order to evaluate side-lobe contamination from the near-nadir region for Ku-band radars, a statistical characterization of global near-nadir backscatter is constructed. This characterization is performed for a variety of surface types using data from TRMM, Seasat, and TOPEX. An assessment of the relative calibration accuracy of these sensors is also presented.
Ludalbin, a new lactone from artemisia ludoviciana

Abstract Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. albula (Woot.) Keck, a member of the vulgaris complex, contains a sesquiterpene lactone, ludalbin, which is 8-α-acetoxydouglanine.
A case study of improved understanding of reservoir connectivity in an evolving waterflood with surveillance data

Abstract Establishing connectivity among various injectors and producers is a key to improve the understanding of a reservoir under waterflood. This understanding improves the estimates for ultimate recovery and also helps to better define the future development plan. In deepwater turbidite reservoirs, numerical flow-simulation models are used to make performance predictions, with reservoir connectivity as one of the key uncertainties. In the initial phase of field development, interwell tracers were used to assess the connectivity. As more wells were drilled, updates were required for the simulation models. Instead of waiting for the next phase of an ongoing tracer program, both rate-transient analysis (RTA) and capacitance–resistance model (CRM) were used to understand connectivity. The input for both RTA and CRM are the rates and pressures, which are being gathered with real-time surveillance. This paper presents a case study to compare findings from the use of interwell tracer data with the results of CRM based on dynamic data. Another study element demonstrates the use of RTA in identifying and estimating the volume of thief zone. Attempts are made to use CRM and RTA to predict connectivity based on performance prior to experiencing water breakthrough. These case studies demonstrate the application of RTA and CRM in ongoing waterfloods. The CRM concurred with the initial tracer results and helped to understand the change in pressure distribution with time as the field was being developed. We learned that the use of CRM can be a viable alternative to an interwell tracer program to reduce uncertainty related to injector–producer connectivity. CRM also helped in understanding the efficiency of the injectors, which is important in a facility with limited water injection capacity. The ease of use of CRM and RTA makes them useful as screening tools in the process of developing a detailed flow-simulation model.
Water status and growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) callus

Water status of Pinus taeda L. callus supported on Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium was characterized over an 8 week period using thermocouple psychrometry. Medium with 30 gl−1 sucrose was used to produce a high water potential (Ψw) of −0.4 MPa (H), and the same medium was used to create a moderate Ψw of −0.7 MPa (M) by the addition of 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG, w/v, MW=8000). Calli were produced from cotyledon explants on H medium for 2 weeks and then transferred to either M or H medium. Callus absorption of PEG accounted for 40% of the callus dry weight and less than 7% of the callus fresh weight. Callus dry weight (without the PEG fraction) on M medium was 40% of that observed on H medium. Fresh weight on M medium was only 15% of that observed on H medium. The Ψw of both H and M media remained constant throughout the culture period. On H medium, callus Ψw and osmotic potential (Ψs) both increased 0.05 MPa/week with the callus Ψw approaching that of the external medium. On M medium, callus Ψw and Ψs both decreased more than 0.1 MPa/week with the callus Ψw decreasing greatly below that of the external medium. The latter was attributed to a rapidly produced osmotic shock induced upon callus transfer and/or PEG which caused less callus hydration and resulted in reduced growth. Callus turgor potential (Ψp) was estimated to be +0.02 to +0.09 MPa and turgor was maintained as callus Ψw increased or decreased. After 8 weeks, cell volumes from callus on M medium were 50 to 60% less than on H medium, suggesting that reduced cell volumes were related to turgor maintenance.
Diffuse electron scattering from an incommensurate phase in a Ti58.7Ni37.5Al3.8 alloy

Abstract Electron diffraction and microscopy studies of the incommensurate phase in a Ti58.7Ni37.5Al3.8 alloy have been made. Diffuse electron scattering appears as streaks, arcs or interlocking rings in the electron diffraction patterns of the incommensurate phase. The same electron diffraction effects arose from the incommensurate phase which was produced either by increasing the temperature from below to above Td, the onset temperature of the “incommensurate-commensurate” transition, or by the electron beam heating effect. The diffuse electron scattering in the diffraction patterns is interpreted to be due to the intersections of the Ewald sphere and non-spherical, curved surfaces in reciprocal space which may relate to the Fermi surface.
Analyzing Longitudinal Data With Missing Values

Missing data methodology has improved dramatically in recent years, and popular computer programs now offer a variety of sophisticated options. Despite the widespread availability of theoretically justified methods, researchers in many disciplines still rely on subpar strategies that either eliminate incomplete cases or impute the missing scores with a single set of replacement values. This article provides readers with a nontechnical overview of some key issues from the missing data literature and demonstrates several of the techniques that methodologists currently recommend. This article begins by describing Rubin's missing data mechanisms. After a brief discussion of popular ad hoc approaches, the article provides a more detailed description of five analytic approaches that have received considerable attention in the missing data literature: maximum likelihood estimation, multiple imputation, the selection model, the shared parameter model, and the pattern mixture model. Finally, a series of data analysis examples illustrate the application of these methods.
Sensitivity to fading estimates in maximal ratio combining

The combined effect of imperfect magnitude and phase of fading estimates in maximal ratio combining (MRC) is analysed. Theoretical error rate bounds are derived under small estimate errors. These bounds are tested over Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, and verified using computer simulation. Numerical results quantify the sensitivity of MRC to errors in fading estimates. It is numerically demonstrated that for BPSK, MRC is more sensitive to errors in phase estimates than to errors in magnitude estimates.
Monitoring chemical properties of container growing media with small soil solution samplers

Abstract Soil solution samples from peat-based growing media, irrigated with different nutrient solutions, were extracted at container capacity with small hydrophilic polymer soil moisture samplers (SMS), analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), NO3–N and NH4–N, and evaluated against results obtained by saturated media extract (SME) and pour-through (PT) procedures. The correlation between applied and extractable NO3–N, NH4–N and EC was excellent (r2>0.98) for all methods. Values from SMS were statistically similar to those from PT, whereas those obtained by SME were significantly lower. In contrast to the above mentioned chemical parameters, pH readings among extraction procedures were less correlated and more variable, particularly in a peat:perlite medium. Simplicity of use, non-ion exchange properties, low cost and good potential longevity make SMS promising monitoring tools for container crop production and mineral nutrition research.
SELECTION OF SKIN TESTS IN CHILDHOOD ASTHMA

Skin tests have been applied to 161 asthmatic children seen consecutively at a paediatric respiratory clinic. To demonstrate whether a child's asthma is associated with a positive skin test it is suggested that only four extracts need be applied: house dust, house dust mite (D. farinae), grass pollens and a control.
Galileo attitude and articulation control subsystem closed loop testing

In order to ensure the reliable operation of the Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) which will guide the Galileo spacecraft on its two and one-half year journey to Jupiter, the AACS is being rigorously tested. The primary objectives of the test program are the verification of the AACS's form, fit, and function, especially with regard to subsystem external interfaces and the functional operation of the flight software. Attention is presently given to the Galileo Closed Loop Test System, which simulates the dynamic and 'visual' flight environment for AACS components in the laboratory.
Hierarchical three dimensional curved beam element based on p-version

This paper presents a three node curved three dimensional beam element for linear static analysis where the element displacement approximation in the axial (ξ) and transverse directions (η and ζ) can be of arbitrary polynomial orders pξ, pη and pζ. This is accomplished by, first constructing one dimensional hierarchical approximation functions and the corresponding nodal variable operators in ξ, η and ζ directions using Lagrange interpolating polynomials and then taking the products (also called tensor product) of these hierarchical one dimensional approximation functions and the corresponding nodal variable operators. The resulting approximation functions and the corresponding nodal variables for the three dimensional beam element were hierarchical. The formulation guarantees C0 continuity. The element properties are established using the principle of virtual work. In formulating the properties of the element all six components of the stress and strain tensor are ratained. The geometry of the beam element is defined by the coordinates of the nodes located at the axis of the beam and node point vectors representing the nodal cross-sections. The results obtained from the present formulation are compared with analytical solutions (when available) and the h-models using isoparametric three dimensional solid elements. The formulation is equally effective for very slender as well as deep beams since no assumptions are made regarding such conditions during the formulation.
Current Issues in Nerve Repair

Although accepted surgical techniques for peripheral nerve repair remain largely unchanged over the past three decades, much progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms involved in nerve regeneration, and consequently toward providing adjunctive measures to enhance this regenerative process. We present a comprehensive review of the significant advances made in several aspects of nerve repair over the past decade, and particularly the past few years, and provide a few examples of facial nerve repair using the standard neurorrhaphy techniques recommended today. Several conclusions were drawn after thorough review of the literature. Early repair of injured nerves is preferred, and there appears to be no benefit to waiting for 3 weeks. Severed nerves should be repaired with monofilament 9-0 nylon suture placed in epineurial fashion. Fibrin glue confers no benefit in reattaching injured nerves. Likewise, theoretical advantages of laser neurorrhaphy have not resulted in improved nerve regeneration. Finally, trophic factors, such as apolipoproteins and nerve growth factor, and tubulization both appear to offer promise for future experimental and clinical progress in nerve repair. However, further work must be done to prove their efficacy.
Honesty in love

How is honesty related to erotic love? According to the external view, the demands of honesty and love are independent and frequently in conflict. Sometimes honesty furthers love, as a means to an end, and at other times it is an obstacle to love; either way the two make separable claims. According to the internal view, honesty is an important constituent of love, at least of "true love" - the kind worth having. In Part 1, I develop a rationale for the internal view, drawing attention to how truthfulness and trustworthiness contribute to intimate relationships. I also suggest that some of the conflicts identified by the external view are better understood as inherent in love itself. In Part 2, I explore practical difficulties in pursuing the ideal of honesty. 1. Intimacy Most defenders of the external view regard honesty as a subordinate virtue that should give way whenever necessary to promote caring, community, and love. Thus, Moli~re in the Misanthrope argues (with laughter) that honesty threatens personal relationships unless it is constrained by kindness. Alceste's demand for complete honesty is unmasked to reveal insensitivity, self-righteous narcissism, self-deceptive desires for dominance, and ultimately hatred for humanity. In providing dramatic tension, Philinte defends the opposite extreme of remaining silent even at the cost of complacency about others' wrongdoing, but he also voices the sane moderation required for caring: "It's often best to veil one's true emotions./Wouldn't the social fabric come undone/If we were wholly frank with everyone?"l We might endorse the external view without making honesty subordinate to love, and instead regard them as equally valuable and in need of balancing. Alternatively, we could make honesty paramount, as Nietzsche did:
Psychiatric and neurophysiological predictors of obesity in HIV/AIDS

The objective of the study was to identify predictors of obesity. One hundred eleven nonobese and 48 obese HIV-1 seropositive patients provided information on medical history and other characteristics. They were then asked to detect the passage of 2-s time intervals while the contingent negative variation (CNV) was recorded. Obese patients were healthier, more likely to be receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, and less likely to be substance dependent. Obese patients also exhibited a greater CNV slope and responded prematurely. A path model suggested that CD4+count and protease inhibitor use directly predicted obesity. Depression had no direct effect. However, when incorporated into a hypothetical construct, “mood dysregulation,” that also included childhood conduct problems and stimulant dependence, the shared variance among the indicators did predict obesity. This relationship was mediated through premature response preparation (anterior scalp CNV amplitude) and its hypothesized association with impatience/impulsivity.
The analysis of the reaction pp → ppπ+π+π−π− at an incident momentum of 28.5 GeV/c

Abstract Some features of the reaction pp → pp π + π + π − π − are discussed and models of production mechanisms compared with the data. Excellent agreement is found with the Reggeized multiperipheral model, when this is modified to account for the observed strong Δ(1236) and π(760) production. Baryon exchange is found to make an important contribution to the cross section. On the other hand the multiperipheral mechanism appears to suppress the importance of diffraction dissociation which is not in evidence in our reaction. Fits to a modified bremsstrahlung model are not very satisfactory but reveal the interrelation of the proton shape to the exchange mechanisms.
Some effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on intermediary metabolism in rat liver

Abstract Specific activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glycerol-3-phosphate dehyrdogenase (G3PD), “malic” enzyme (ME), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), were studied in rats treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The effects of saline and of cortisol were studied for comparison. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) activity was also estimated in all three groups. The elevation of ME, NADPH, and G3PD suggest the possibility of lipogenic stimulation by MPA. Since no change could be detected in PFK, PK and G6PD following MPA therapy, the elevation of ME and NADPH activities may also reflect increased amino acid conservation. MPA treatment results in an enzymatic pattern distinctly different from that produced by cortisol.
Enhancement of Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation at 10.6 μm in an Annealed ZnGeP 2 Crystal

Phase-matching angle for second-harmonic generation in an annealed ZnGeP2 crystal from a CO2 laser at 10.6 mum decreases as the pump power is increased. Such a dependence is used to significantly enhance the second-harmonic power.
Effect of Increasing Ration Fiber with Soybean Mill Run on Digestibility and Lactation Performance

Abstract Eighteen lactating Holstein cows were fed three complete rations ad libitum in a two-period change-over design. The concentrate-to-alfalfa silage ratio (dry basis) was 57:43. Soybean mill run replaced corn grain in the concentrate mixture at 0, 26.9, and 48.9%. Crude fiber in the complete rations was 13%, 18%, and 23%. Treatments did not significantly affect dry matter intake, digestible dry matter intake, production of 4%-fat-corrected milk, milk fat test (mean 4.1%), dry matter digestibility (mean 64%), or rumen volatile fatty acids. Means for dry matter intake, kg/100kg body weight, were 2.92, 2.89, and 2.93 for 13, 18, and 23% fiber. Means for fat-corrected milk, kg/day were 19.0, 19.9, and 18.5. Digestibility of fiber components was improved for the two rations containing soybean mill run. Digestibilities (%) for rations were acid detergent fiber 48.3, 60.3, and 62.4; cellulose 57.9, 67.5, and 70.2. Soybean mill run replaced up to 53.7% of the corn in the concentrate mixture without adversely affecting lactation performance, efficiency, or health status. However, there were no benefits to performance when additional fiber beyond the National Research Council's minimum of 13% was included.
Some Methods of Constructing Generalized Group Divisible Designs with Two Groups

In this article some simple and general methods for constructing, binary and nonbinary, generalized group divisible designs with two groups (GGDD(2)) are given. Near resolvable balanced incomplete block designs and certain classes of balanced incomplete block designs play key roles in the construction of these designs. All the constructed designs are found to be E-optimal.
Millimeter-wave imaging system for personnel screening: scanning 10^7 points a second and using no moving parts

In this talk we describe the second version of our novel millimeter wave imaging system. This system is an active coherent system, working at 24GHz, and using planar programmable RF-lens. The system is capable of producing realtime movies without processing latency. Moreover, due to the planar nature of the lens, and its compact form, the footprint of the system is very small. The fact that it is monochromatic assures minimal spectral occupancy resulting in an imaging system well suited to personnel screening. The RF-lens, which lies at the heart of the proposed system, is a passive RF element, capable of focusing RF energy into small volumes within its field of view through a mechanism that changes the phase of the impinging wave on the lens-surface. This enables one to scan image voxels (volume pixels) in front of the lens. Since the phase change can be rapidly switched electronically, more than 10^7 voxels are scanned per second. We will discuss the reasons that lead us to develop this second system, the improvements that were made, and the overall enhancements to the system performance. For example, we will discuss the changes that enable us to go to higher frame rate.
Quantitative ESI-TOF Analysis of Macromolecular Assembly Kinetics

The Escherichia coli small (30S) ribosomal subunit is a particularly well-characterized model system for studying in vitro self-assembly. A previously developed pulse-chase monitored by quantitative mass spectrometry (PC/QMS) approach to measuring kinetics of in vitro 30S assembly suffered from poor signal-to-noise and was unable to observe some ribosomal proteins. We have developed an improved LC-MS based method using quantitative ESI-TOF analysis of isotope-labeled tryptic peptides. Binding rates for 18 of the 20 ribosomal proteins are reported, and exchange of proteins S2 and S21 between bound and unbound states prevented measurement of their binding kinetics. Multiphasic kinetics of 3' domain proteins S7 and S9 are reported, which support an assembly mechanism that utilizes multiple parallel pathways. This quantitative ESI-TOF approach should be widely applicable to study the assembly of other macromolecular complexes and to quantitative proteomics experiments in general.
High-Concentration Dispersion of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

We report a novel method to exfoliate and disperse single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) into organic and aqueous solutions. The method is based on treatment of single-wall carbon nanotubes with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloric acid salt [(NH2OH)(HCl)] and does not require truncation of the tubes or surface adsorption of organic molecules. The solution dispersed tubes can easily be incorporated into an organic matrix in order to obtain a nanocomposite. We illustrate the method by forming PMMA−SWNT and PS−SWNT nanocomposites. 1% SWNT PMMA nanocomposite having a draw ratio of ∼6 showed a dramatic 7× increase in the strain to fracture compared to fibers of similar draw ratio made from pure PMMA.
Query length in interactive information retrieval

Query length in best-match information retrieval (IR) systems is well known to be positively related to effectiveness in the IR task, when measured in experimental, non-interactive environments. However, in operational, interactive IR systems, query length is quite typically very short, on the order of two to three words. We report on a study which tested the effectiveness of a particular query elicitation technique in increasing initial searcher query length, and which tested the effectiveness of queries elicited using this technique, and the relationship in general between query length and search effectiveness in interactive IR. Results show that the specific technique results in longer queries than a standard query elicitation technique, that this technique is indeed usable, that the technique results in increased user satisfaction with the search, and that query length is positively correlated with user satisfaction with the search.
Model of 'Calculable' Majorana Neutrino Masses

We present an economical model of generating finite and “calculable” Majorana neutrino masses. The model has a singly charged and a doubly charged singlet scalar which supply Majorana masses to the neutrinos at the two-loop level. One of the neutrinos is predicted to be massless in the model.
A wide-band pulse multiplier

Abstract A wide-band pulse multiplier providing a multiplication of 16 over an 8:1 frequency range is described.
Interdisciplinary treatment for fibromyalgia syndrome : Clinical and statistical significance

Objectives. The primary purposes of the study were to: evaluate the treatment efficacy of an outpatient, interdisciplinary treatment program for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS); examine whether treatment gains would be sustained for 6 months following the treatment; assess whether improvements were clinically significant; and delineate the factors associated with clinically significant improvement in pain severity. Methods. Sixty-seven FMS patients completed a 4-week outpatient program consisting of medical, physical, psychologic, and occupational therapies. Six-month followup data were available for 66% of treated patients. Results. Comparisons between pretreatment and posttreatment measures revealed significant improvements in pain severity, life interference, sense of control, affective distress, depression, perceived physical impairment, fatigue, and anxiety; however, there was no improvement in interpersonal relationships or general activities. Clinically significant improvement in pain severity, using the Reliable Change Index, was obtained by 42% of the sample and was predicted by the pretreatment levels of depression, activity, perceived disability, solicitous responses of significant others, and idiopathic onset. Pretreatment level of pain severity was not a significant predictor of the degree of pain improvement. Comparisons among pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month followup data revealed that the patients maintained treatment gains in pain, life interference, sense of control, affective distress, and depression. However, the quadratic polynomial analysis revealed that relapse occurred in the subjective rating of fatigue. Conclusions. The results suggest that, overall, an outpatient interdisciplinary treatment program was effective in reducing many FMS symptoms. Treatment gains tended to be maintained for at least 6 months. However, there were large individual differences in response to treatment. These results suggest that identification of subgroups of FMS patients and their specific clinical characteristics may be useful for maximizing treatment efficacy.
Prospective randomized trial of banded versus nonbanded gastric bypass for the super obese: early results

Abstract Background Banded gastric bypass has been reported to result in superior weight loss compared with standard nonbanded gastric bypass. However, an adequate comparison of these procedures has not yet been reported. Methods A total of 90 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized double-blind trial comparing banded and nonbanded open gastric bypass for the treatment of super obesity. The banding technique involved placement of a 1.5 × 5.5-cm polypropylene band around the proximal gastric pouch of a standard gastric bypass procedure using the technique of Capella. Chi-square testing and analysis of variance were performed to find any differences in patient characteristics (gender, age, and initial body mass index), percentage of excess weight lost at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively, improvement or resolution of co-morbidities, and complications in the banded versus nonbanded gastric bypass groups. Results As expected, no differences were present in the patient characteristics or incidence of co-morbidities between the banded (n = 46) and nonbanded (n = 44) groups. The body mass index, percentage of women, and mean age was 59.5 and 56.5 kg/m 2 , 64% and 73.8% ( P = .09), and 40.6 ± 7.4 and 42.6 ± 7.2 years for the banded and nonbanded groups, respectively; all differences were nonsignificant. No significant differences were found in the resolution of co-morbidities. No significant difference was present in the percentage of excess weight loss at 6, 12, and 24 months (43.1% versus 24.7%, 64.0% versus 57.4%, and 64.2% versus 57.2%, respectively) postoperatively; however, the banded patients had achieved a significantly greater percentage of excess weight loss at 36 months (73.4% versus 57.7%; P Conclusion These results suggest that although the initial weight loss was not significantly different between the 2 groups, the banded patients continued to lose weight for ≤3 years. The polypropylene band appeared to be well tolerated. We plan longer follow-up to confirm the possibility of additional weight loss and the prevention of weight regain in the banded group, as well as to document any long-term band complications.
Microwave devices using YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / films made by pulsed laser deposition

High-quality oriented thin films of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / with transition temperatures >88 K and critical current densities (at 77 K, zero magnetic field) >10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ have been produced by pulsed laser deposition on
Contact aureoles as constraints on regional P‐T trajectories: an example from the Northern Alabama Piedmont, USA

Contact aureoles of plutons emplaced into regionally metamorphosed terranes can provide indicators of physical conditions along a portion of regional metamorphic P-T trajectories, thereby allowing reconstruction of more complete P-T loops than would be otherwise possible. In the Northern Alabama Piedmont of the southern Appalachians, Wedowee Group metapelites preserve evidence for two regional metamorphic phases overprinted by contact metamorphism adjacent to the Blakes Ferry Trondhjemite. Textural evidence indicates that an early bt+st+grt assemblage was replaced by bt+chl+grt during the latter stages of regional metamorphism. Changes in AKFM topology, complex Fe-Mg-Ca garnet zoning, and the latestage appearance of epidote indicate that a sequence of continuous reactions (bt+st = grt+ ms followed by chl+ms+Ca-grt+Ca-pl=bt+ (Fe+Mg)-grt+ep) occurred in response to increasing pressure and resulted in the observed changes in mineral assemblage. Pl-ms-bt-grt thermobarometry indicates conditions of 580° 65°C, 8.5±0.8 kbar for equilibration of grt+ bt+chl. Pluton emplacement, subsequent to penetrative deformation, caused textural annealing and mineral re-equilibration by the continuous reaction bt+(Fe+Mg)-grt+ep = chl+ms+Ca-grt+Ca-pl within 50 m of the pluton. Conditions of 510±65°C, 5-7 kbar are inferred. A reconstructed P-T trajectory for this area is characterized by (1) early moderate-T, moderate-P metamorphism; (2) an increase in P to approximately 8.5 kbar; and (3) decompression and slight cooling prior to pluton emplacement. The compressional phase of this path is interpreted to result from underthrusting of the Wedowee metasediments to mid-crustal levels during Palaeozoic crustal thickening. Late-stage decompression prior to intrusion records uplift of these rocks in response to movement on structurally lower thrusts.