cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Dependent Anomalies in the Growth of Microorganisms

Davey, C. B. (North Carolina State University, Raleigh), Raymond J. Miller, and Larry A. Nelson. Temperature-dependent anomalies in the growth of microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 91:1827–1830. 1966.—Water in the liquid phase (0 to 100 C) has been shown, by others, to undergo subtle changes in its physical structure at approximately 15, 30, 45, and 60 C. It has been suggested that these temperature-dependent anomalies in the structure of water may have biological implications. After incubation in a polythermostat, direct cell counts were made to determine temperature-growth interactions for the four bacteria which were used to cover the temperature range from 5 to 70 C: Pseudomonas fragi, 5 to 25 C; Streptococcus faecalis, 20 to 40 C; Bacillus coagulans, 35 to 55 C; and B. stearothermophilus 1518 smooth, 50 to 70 C. In all cases, growth was suppressed at the predicted temperatures, suggesting a strong interaction between the structure of water and biological activity.
Design Simplification by Analogical Reasoning

This paper presents our research on design simplification by analogical reasoning. It defines a “simplification problem”, then describes our approach to solving design simplification problems by analogical reasoning. One of the important contributions of the research is the use of relevance for guiding the analogical reasoning process. Its benefits are analyzed using a set of experiments. Finally, the paper draws conclusions and proposes directions for future research
Some Aspects of Liquor Control in California

A LCOHOLIC beverage control, involving as it does difficult social, economic and political problems, is both controversial and complex. It is controversial because of the wide differences of opinion with respect to what should be done toward the solution of these problems. It is complex, in California particularly, because of the wide differences in the attitudes toward the liquor traffic that prevail in the several areas of our heterogeneous commonwealth, where the same law is applicable without any allowance for these differences. By mandate of the people,' the State Board of Equalization has been given the administrative responsibility in this controversial and complex field of the law. An attempt was made in the December, 1950, issue of California Law Review to survey the situation under the title The State Board of Equalization and Liquor Control.2 To a substantial extent this comment is oriented about what happened last year to a Mr. Charles W. Hawkins of San Joaquin County, familiarly mentioned in the Comment as "Charlie Hawkins." Oddly enough, Mr. Hawkins was not a licensee under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, although the author of the Comment assumed that he was. Possibly the sensational aspects of the Hawkins affair were too great a temptation for one who seemed more concerned with these than with the legal problems that are postulated under the California Constitution and statutes in the field of the regulation of the manufacture, sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Perhaps because of a preoccupation with the news interest of Mr. Hawkins' behavior and that of the liquor control officers who accomplished his arrest for selling wine without a license, the author of the Comment neglected to verify the facts as they pertain to the administrative activity of the Board, as well as to complete the legal research that would have been essential to have produced an accurate commentary on the subject. Were it not for the circumstance that readers of the Law Review, accustomed to regard its contents as carefully written and documented, would be prone to accept these statements as facts and the review of the authorities as reasonably complete, no substantial harm would result.
Nitric Oxide Signaling Contributes to Late-Phase LTP and CREB Phosphorylation in the Hippocampus

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus has an early phase (E-LTP) that can be induced by one- or two-train tetanization, lasts ∼1 hr, and is cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein synthesis independent and a late phase (L-LTP) that can be induced by three- or four-train tetanization, lasts >3 hr, and is reduced by inhibitors of PKA and of protein or RNA synthesis. Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be involved in E-LTP, but until now there has been no information about the role of the NO-signaling pathway in L-LTP. We examined this question at the Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses in slices of mouse hippocampus. An inhibitor of NO synthase blocked L-LTP induced by three-train tetanization and reduced L-LTP induced by four-train tetanization, whereas an inhibitor of PKA was more effective in blocking four-train L-LTP than three-train L-LTP. Three-train L-LTP was also blocked by inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase or cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Conversely, either NO or cGMP analogs paired with one-train tetanization produced late-phase potentiation, and the cGMP-induced potentiation was blocked by inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis and an inhibitor of PKG, but not by an inhibitor of PKA. To test a possible downstream target of PKG, we examined changes in phospho-CRE-binding protein (phospho-CREB) immunofluorescence in the CA1 cell body area and obtained results similar to those of the electrophysiology experiments. These results suggest that NO contributes to L-LTP by stimulating guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase, which acts in parallel with PKA to increase phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB.
Emergency echocardiography telemedicine: An efficient method to provide 24-hour consultative echocardiography

Abstract Objectives. This study sought to assess the clinical utility of interpreting emergency echocardiograms after regular working hours through a telemedicine connection to on-call cardiologists. Background. Physician interpretation of emergency echocardiograms is often delayed during weekends, evenings or night hours. This delay places undue responsibility on less qualified personnel to interpret echocardiograms of vital importance. Methods. Digital quad-screen cine-loop format was transmitted over standard telephone lines. Clinical data and conventional and telemedicine interpretations were collected prospectively for 187 emergent or kemiemergent tele-echocardiograms after regular working hours. Results. Indications for the echocardiogram included assessment of left ventricular function, ischemia, pericardial effusion, valvular disease, heart donor status and arrhythmia. Three off-site echocardiographers received the standard echocardiogram and spectral, gray-scale and color flow Doppler images in cine-loop format using a laptop computer. Laptop interpretation showed 19 technically limited studies, 153 abnormal studies and 54% with wall motion abnormalities. Overall mean agreement rate between telemedicine laptop interpretation and conventional workstation interpretation performed in blinded manner for serious disorders with classic echocardiographic findings (pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular thrombus, aortic dissection, severe valvular insufficiency and large pericardial effusion) was 99.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 96% to 99%). For serious wall motion abnormalities, the agreement rate was 96.3% (95% CI 92% to 99%). The following mean times elapsed after completion of the echocardiogram: to laptop fax report, 2.14 h (range 10 min to 8 h); to dictation of videotape, 11.74 h (p Conclusions. After-hours emergency echocardiography tele-medecine using a laptop computer is more rapid than scheduled conventional interpretation from a videotape workstation, yet diagnostic accuracy is comparable.
Diminishing morbidity and mortality of bone marrow transplantation.

. The reasons for the operational failure of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are familiar and varied. They are the following: nonmarrow toxicity of the preparative regimen, marrow toxicity of the preparative regimen, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), opportunistic infections, especially viral infections and recurrence of hematologic malignancy in the case of transplants for leukemia. This review examines operational failure of BMT and presents measures for its prevention.
In vitro studies of the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in inhibition in the lateral septum of the rat.

Focal stimulation, stimulation of the fimbria, and stimulation of the medial septal area result in an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in lateral septal neurons. Increased stimulus intensity results in the appearance of a late hyperpolarizing potential (LHP). Treatment of the slice with bicuculline methiodide or picrotoxin results in blockade of the IPSP. When present, LHPs are enhanced in the presence of bicuculline or picrotoxin. Spontaneous and evoked IPSPs reverse near –70 mV, and LHPs reverse near –90 mV. Iontophoretic application of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) results in hyperpolarizing, depolarizing, or biphasic potentials. Treatment with bicuculline or picrotoxin results in depression of biphasic GABA responses that appears selective for the depolarizing portion of the potential. At high concentrations of bicuculline, a portion of the hyperpolarizing GABA potential persists. The reversal potential of the depolarizing GABA potential in near –30 mV, and the reversal potential of monophasic hyperpolarizing GABA potential is near –70 mV. The bicuculline-resistant hyperpolarizing GABA response has a reversal potential near –90 mV. GABA activates three separate conductances on septal neurons, which are similar to those reported on hippocampal neurons. The resistance of the hyperpolarizing GABA potential to bicuculline appears to be due to the presence of a GABA-activated potassium conductance, which is similar to that activated by baclofen.
Mycoplasmalike organisms from milkweed, goldenrod, and spirea represent two new 16S rRNA subgroups and three new strain subclusters related to peach X-disease MLOs

Des mycoplasmes (MLOs) de deux souches d'Asclepias syriaca (laiteron), d'une souche de Solidago rugosa (solidago) et d'une souche de Spiraea tomentosa (spiree) furent transmis a la pervenche (Catharanthus roseus). Ces souches ont ete caracterisees par restriction polymorphique de la longueur des fragments (RFLPs) de l'ADN ribosomique 16S et par fragmentation au hasard de l'ADN chromosomique. Un fragment de 1.2 Kb de l'ADN ribosomique 16S provenant de chaque souche de ces mycoplasmes et quatre souches references appartenant au groupe III d'ARN ribosomique 16S (maladie X de l'est du pecher et mycoplasme apparente) fut amplifie par la reaction en chaine avec la polymerase (PCR). Les analyses par RFLP des produits de la PCR ont revele que les mycoplasmes du laiteron etaient similaires a ceux causant la marge jaune du trefle (ARN ribosomique 16S, sous-groupe III-B), tandis que les mycoplasmes du solidago et de la spiree sont representes dans des nouveaux sous-groupes, 16S III-D et III-E respectivement. L'ADN total provenant des plants infectes fut digere avec EcoRI et Hind III avant que l'hybridation Southern soit accomplie avec une sonde cocktail de 21 fragments clones de l'ADN chromosomique de deux souches du mycoplasme causant la maladie X. Plusieurs fragments d'ADN provenant des nouvelles souches de mycoplasme et des souches references dans le groupe III de l'ARN ribosomique 16S se sont lies avec la sonde cocktail, mais peu ou pas de liaisons se sont produites avec l'ADN de neuf autres souches references representant differentes souches et groupes d'ARN ribosomique 16S. Cependant les nouvelles souches de mycoplasmes furent classifiees dans le groupe des souches de la maladie X. Trois nouveaux sous-groupes ont ete designes, bases sur leur patron unique d'hybridation par analyse Southern. Le sous-groupe IV contient les deux souches du laiteron (MWI et MW2) qui avaient le meme patron, le sous-groupe V pour la souche solidago (GR1) et le sous-groupe VI pour la souche spiree (SP1).
A Comparative Study of the Time-Resolved Decomposition of Methylene Blue Dye Under the Action of a Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed DBD Plasma Jet Using Liquid Chromatography and Spectrophotometry

An underwater dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet excited by a repetitively pulsed nanosecond pulsed power modulator was used to study plasma-induced decolorization of a 1.4 × 10-4 M solution of methylene blue (MB). Past plasma decolorization studies have focused on spectrophotometry as the main diagnostic to assess decomposition. Because spectrophotometry is a measure of changes in the structure of molecular color, it is not an absolute measure of decomposition. In this paper, high-pressure liquid chromatography is used in parallel with spectrophotometry for comparison purposes and to assess the degree of true decomposition. Spectrophotometry results were found to be in agreement with chromatography measurements, suggesting that, at least in the case of MB, spectrophotometry is an adequate measure of decomposition. Additionally, the utility of a dual plasma jet applicator for rapid contaminant decomposition was explored.
Size generalization in children as a function of test method and age

Children, ranging in age from 31/2-41/2 years and 41/2-51/2 years were provided with successive discrimination training in which S+ was a white square on a black background and S- was a black background. Bidirectional size generalization testing with either a “booster” or “instructional” method indicated that (l)test method did not differentially affect generalization patterns; (2) younger children responded maximally to all test stimuli while spontaneously labeling the size stimuli “big” and “little”; (3) older children generated a group gradient composed of one subgroup who responded to all test stimuli and a second subgroup who responded to S+ only; (4) posttest verbal behavior suggested that the size cue controlled S+-only responding while controlling stimuli associated with flat patterns were color (“white”) and form (“window”). The results drew attention to stimulus selection processes in the stimulus generalization experiment.
Morphologic Development of the Human Fetal Labial Salivary Glands

The human upper and lower labial salivary glands appear at about 65 gestational days; all of the buds appear at about the same time. The glands seem to be morphologically mature at about 179 gestational days with predominately mucous acini surrounded by serous demilunes. The excretory duct usually has a single lumen.
Blood physiology of a tropical frog, Leptodactylus fallax

Abstract 1. 1. Blood oxygen capacity (BOC), erythrocyte (RBC) density and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were determined for Leptodactylus fallax , a large, tropical frog. 2. 2. Mean BOC values for males and females were 12·5 and 8·5 vol. % respectively. The difference is significant after BOC values are adjusted for differences in body weight. 3. 3. Mean RBC counts for males and females were 600,000/mm 3 and 744,000/mm 3 respectively. Mean Hb concentration was 10·9g % with no significant sexual difference. 4. 4. There was a significant decrease in BOC/g of body weight with an increase in body weight. 5. 5. Electrophoretic patterns of male, female and of a mixture of male and female blood cell proteins were identical.
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease in Childhood

Summary We describe two children with Rosai-Dorfman disease who presented with exophthalmos, leukocytosis, an elevated sedimentation rate and hypergammaglobulinemia. Both became blind as a result of this condition. One child had associated bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Investigation revealed involvement of the nasal fossae and retro-orbital spaces by tumoural masses histologically consistent with the diagnosis of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML). Immunohistochemical studies suggest that these histiocytes are activated macrophages derived from a phenotype hybrid between "professional" phagocytic cells and immune accessory cells, expressing lysosomal antigens, S-100 protein but rarely, CD1a. An underlying immune dysfunction may be central to the pathogenesis of this disease.
Novel Ha locus, Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h, affects soft white spring wheat milling and baking.

ABSTRACT Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain hardness is controlled by the Hardness locus on chromosome 5D which consists of the linked genes Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb, respectively). The Ha locus haplotype, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a, is found in all soft hexaploid wheats. While Pin diversity is low among soft wheats, several novel Ha haplotypes were reported among synthetic hexaploid wheats created using the D genome donor, Aegilops tauschii. One haplotype, Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h, confers a soft phenotype with increased grain hardness over Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a wheats. Here, the Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h haplotype was backcrossed into the soft white spring wheat cultivars ‘Vanna’ and ‘Alpowa’. Then the effect of the two haplotypes on soft wheat milling and baking quality was compared. The effects of the Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h Ha locus haplotype were similar in both the Vanna and Alpowa backgrounds. The Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h lines had significantly more large and fewer small flour particles in both backgrounds and 1.51% higher fl...
Alcohol and White Matter Development—A Review

This is a review of the literature on the effects of alcohol on white matter development. For many years, human and animal studies have reported the vulnerability of developing white matter to the effects of alcohol. However, until recently, studies on alcohol and white matter were limited by existing technology. New technology documenting the presence of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels on glial cells now provides a new focus for research on alcohol and white matter development. New research using new technology should enlarge our knowledge of the role of glial cells in brain damage associated with alcohol exposure during development.
Microwave Sensor for Measuring the Growth of Biomaterials

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a transmission line is affected by the dielectric permittivity and thickness of the material surrounding the line. We present a technique that can determine the growth of biomaterials from measurements of wave propagation characteristics. It utilizes a coplanar transmission line as sensor and an Agilent Automatic Network Analyzer for measurements in the time domain. The test material is placed on one side of the sensor. Numerical analysis indicates that the phase velocity, effective dielectric constant, and characteristic impedance show dependence on the thickness of the test dielectric. Experimental verification was obtained using water as the test dielectric. This technique can be used for continuous monitoring of the growth or thickness of biomaterials.
Early experience with walsh technique of radical retropubic prostatectomy

Abstract We analyzed the operative experience and postoperative and late complications of pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy in 27 consecutive cases in which the modifications of prostatectomy described by Walsh were employed, and compared the results with those of 29 cases performed in the preceding three years when the Campbell technique of prostatectomy was employed. The mean operative time, mean blood loss, and incidences of early postoperative complications and incontinence were less for patients treated with the Walsh technique than with the Campbell technique. After surgery 85 per cent of evaluable patients remained potent with the Walsh technique compared with 16 per cent of patients treated with the Campbell technique. Although other factors besides operative approach may have biased our results, we are persuadec that the innovations of radical retropubic prostatectomy detailed by Walsh constitute importani advances in surgical technique, and we now use this procedure in all suitable patients electing treatment by radical prostatectomy for localized prostatic cancer.
HaVOC: a hybrid memory-aware virtualization layer for on-chip distributed ScratchPad and non-volatile memories

Hybrid on-chip memories that combine Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) with SRAMs promise to mitigate the increasing leakage power of traditional on-chip SRAMs. We present HaVOC: a run-time memory manager that virtualizes the hybrid on-chip memory space and supports efficient sharing of distributed ScratchPad Memories (SPMs) and NVMs. HaVOC allows programmers and the compiler to partition the application's address space and generate data/instruction block layouts considering virtualized hybrid address spaces. We define a data volatility metric used by our hybrid memory-aware compilation flow to generate memory allocation policies that are enforced at run-time by a filter-inspired dynamic memory algorithm. Our experimental results with a set of embedded benchmarks executing simultaneously on a Chip-Multiprocessor with hybrid NVM/SPMs show that HaVOC is able to reduce execution time and energy by 60.8% and 74.7% respectively with respect to traditional multitasking based SPM allocation policies.
Resolution enhanced ESPRIT

The authors present a variant of ESPRIT, known as the resolution enhanced (RE)-ESPRIT, that lowers resolution thresholds by incorporating left weighting of the signal eigenvectors to provide sector focusing. They discuss the advantages of this new left weighted ESPRIT. A compact expression for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimates is presented. Analytical and simulation results are included to show the resolution improvement of ESPRIT. >
Evaluation of long-term calcium hydroxide treatment in avulsed teeth--an in vivo study.

Summary Calcium hydroxide has been advocated for use in avulsed teeth as a temporary dressing in an attempt to prevent or inhibit external resorption. However, there have been no long-term histological studies that have examined gutta-percha versus calcium hydroxide treatment in avulsed teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term therapeutic effect of calcium hydroxide therapy in avulsed teeth. Six adult macaca monkeys were anesthetized and all four maxillary incisors were extracted and bench-dried for 25 min. The teeth were replanted and splinted with composite for approximately 2 weeks. Each animal served as its own control and the teeth were accessed, instrumented, and filled with either Ca(OH)2 or gutta-percha and AH26 cement. All access openings were filled with composite. The Ca(OH)2 was replaced twice during the experimental period (approximately every 8 weeks). The animals were killed between 5 and 7.5 months postavulsion. The teeth were removed, sectioned, and examined histologically by two examiners. The results of the histological evaluation of external resorption indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in resorption indices between the teeth obturated with gutta percha or with calcium hydroxide (P>0.05). Replacement resorption was the primary cause of root destruction and only a few histological sections exhibited evidence of inflammatory resorption.
Dysregulation of mammary Stats 1,3 and 5 and PRL receptors by overexpression of TGFα

Mammary TGFalpha overexpression results in delayed involution and eventually mammary cancer in transgenic mice. We hypothesized that STATs and PRL receptors (PRLR), critical regulators of mammary function, are altered in these animals and may contribute to this phenotype. We examined these factors late in the first pregnancy (d.18) and during normal involution (d.4 post-lactation) in WAP-TGFalpha transgenic mice and non-transgenic controls. Long form PRLR mRNA in WAP-TGFalpha glands at both pregnant d.18 and d.4 post-lactation was significantly reduced compared to controls, and PRLR-S3 failed to rise during involution. Total and pTyr STAT 1,3,5a and 5b also were altered. STAT 3 was higher at both times in WAP-TGFalpha glands. STAT 5a and 5b were lower at late pregnancy, but higher post-lactation; however, pTyr(694) STAT 5 was abnormally low at both times. Thus overexpression of TGFalpha has direct or indirect effects on both STATs and PRL responsiveness in vivo, which may reflect mechanisms of TGFalpha-induced mammary epithelial abnormalities.
Testing a planners' reaction function using disequilibrium model excess demand indicators: The case of Poland

Abstract Planners' investment decisions are estimated in this paper as linear functions of shortage indicators in the economy. The Hungarian school's theory suggests that planners react to perceptions of rising shortages by reducing the growth of investment; here disequilibrium estimates are used as proxies for planners' perceptions of shortage and are shown to have good explanatory power across a number of regressions. The econometric results show that planners reduce the growth of investment in response to rising shortages in both the construction sector and in foreign exchange, as theory suggests. Shortages in the consumption goods sector, however, do not cause planners to reduce the growth of investment.
A dynamic model of protocoalition formation in ideological n-space

Axelrod's (1970) notion of “connected coalition” is generalized to the N-dimensional case, and a simple but powerful model of coalition dynamics is put forth which generates connected coalitions with certainty in the unidimensional case and which usually, but not necessarily, gives rise to minimal winning coalitions. Political decision making is discussed at the levels of the group, organization, society, and supranational system. Unlike most other models in the coalition literature, the model presented: (a) is based on notions of ideological policy proximity rather than on notions such as least resources or zero-sum conflict; (b) posits a dynamic process of protocoalition formation which permits two actors to join in a (proto)coalition only when each is the other's most preferred partner; and (c) for sufficient information about the policy preferences/ideological views of the political actors, yields unique predictions as to which coalition can be expected to form.
The Intermountain Risk Score Stratifies Mortality Risk in Heart Failure Patients Receiving an ICD Based on Pre-Implant Laboratory Values

At 3 months, dyspnea was inversely correlated with the same parameters as well as albumin. Similarly, dyspnea at 6 months was inversely proportional to ejection fraction (EF), total protein and albumin. Orthopnea correlated inversely with HCT, mitral inflow deceletation time, diastolic blood pressure and especially left ventricular ejection fraction. Fatigue was also found to be inversely proportional to mitral inflow deceletation time, EF, HCT, total protein, albumin and diastolic blood pressure. Fatigue was the only symptom that correlated directly with BNP and troponin. Conclusions: Symptoms of HF have surprisingly low correlation with any objective parameters especially in decompensation. Worsening dyspnea, orthopnea, and fatigue occur with low HCT, low total protein and albumin, short deceleration time and low EF. Symptoms are determined to a higher degree by subjective perceptions rather than objective parameters. Alternatively, the technique of grading symptoms may be insufficient to reflect their association with hemodynamic findings.
Novel malonamide derivatives as potent κ opioid receptor agonists

A novel series of malonamide derivatives was synthesized. These amides were shown to be potent and selective kappa opioid receptor agonists.
Hydrogenation of Low Molecular Weight Polymers in Ionic Liquids and the Effects of Added Salt

The biphasic hydrogenations of a number of polymeric materials, polybutadiene (PBD), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), were investigated in a toluene/N,N′-butylmethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, (BMI+BF4−) system with a water-soluble analogue of Wilkinson's catalyst, RhCl(TPPTS)3 (TPPTS=triphenylphosphine, trisulfonated) at 100 °C and 3.1 MPa. The catalyst shows reasonable activity within ionic liquids with PBD although it was necessary in the case of NBR and SBR to add water as a co-solvent to solubilize the catalyst within the ionic media. Both the extent of hydrogenation and the ratio of the internal 1,4-olefins to vinyl 1,2-olefins were monitored. A clear preference for the external olefins was observed even within NBR and SBR where functionalization on the polymer might enhance the degree of hydrogenation of the internal olefins. The effect of adding NaCl to the PBD system was also investigated. The addition of salt decreases the activity of the catalyst but has no effect on the preference for the hydrogenation of vinyl olefins.
Optical characteristics of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense in response to different nitrogen sources

Abstract The chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient a ph ∗ and absorption ratio ( a ph ratio) of Alexandrium tamarense at five concentrations of nitrate, ammonium and urea over a range from 6 to 100 μM were examined. The experimental results were compared to two coastal diatom species and a prymnesiophyte to identify differences in absorption ratios. Cells exposed to increasing nitrate concentrations were characterized by an increase in a ph ∗ at 443, 490, 510, 555 and 675 nm. However, ammonium and urea induced low a ph ∗ values at their lowest and highest concentrations. The a ph relative to 510 or 555 nm was constant regardless of the concentration of the N source, but dependent on the N source. Oxidized N induced a lower a ph ratio than the reduced form. Comparisons of the a ph ratio among taxonomic groups revealed significant differences. The a ph ratio of A . tamarense was 20–30 and >50% lower than those of two diatoms and a prymnesiophyte, respectively. The a ph ratio of the present study could assist in increasing the capability for detecting harmful species such as A . tamarense .
ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: THE PRODUCTION AND ACCUMULATION OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS

Abstract Synchrotron radiation can be used to produce highly-charged ions, and to study photoexcitation and photoionization for ions of virtually any element in the periodic table. To date, with few exceptions, atomic physics studies have been limited to rare gases and a few metal vapors, and to photoexcitation energies in the VUV region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These limitations can now be overcome using photons produced by high-brightness synchrotron storage rings, such as the X-ray ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven. Furthermore, calculations indicate that irradiation of an ion trap with an intense energetic photon beam will result in a viable source of highly-charged ions that can be given the name PHOBIS: the photon beam ion source. Promising results, which encourage the wider systematic use of synchrotron radiation in atomic physics research, have been obtained in recent experiments on VUV photoemission and the production and storage of multiply-charged ions. An overview of the field, current plans, and future possibilities will be presented.
Principles in quality assurance. Part 2. Don't hide behind the regulations

In order to achieve and sustain effective compliance with the quality regulations, an understanding of the rationale for compliance must be developed throughout an organization. Developing such an organizational understanding is difficult to attain through training based solely on the text of the regulations or the company's Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). These do have their place, but there is too much information, and the effects of training dissipate rapidly because personnel cannot effectively retain detailed information. In our organization, we undertook a process of simplification of the regulations, in an attempt to define the smallest number of basic quality principles that are embodied in Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and associated regulations. The systematic application of these quality principles is a mechanism by which Quality Assurance (QA) can be clear and consistent in its monitoring and training activities. This process empowers all personnel to make correct compliance decisions without having to consult the detail of the regulations at every turn. The establishment and application of this concept at a bioanalytical contract research laboratory is described in this article. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Latent and Sequential Costs of Being Poor: An Exploration of Housing

This paper explores unexamined housing costs that families incur by virtue of their low income. We build on a paradigm that identifies some unmeasured costs of being poor as latent (hidden and not counted in other poverty measures) and sequential (consequential with subsequent cost implications). Using data from in-depth interviews with cash assistance recipients and working poor heads of household, we explore these latent and sequential costs of poverty related to housing. We observe a variety of housing-related experiences regarding amenities and structure, stability, money outlays, and neighborhood characteristics. These experiences have associated with them latent and sequential costs that involve lack of safety, poor physical health, poor mental health, exhausting social capital, hopelessness, poor education, and diminished life opportunities, all of which have important financial and non-financial implications for families.
In-vivo microstructural anatomy of beta-zone parapapillary atrophy in glaucoma.

PURPOSE To assess the microstructural anatomy of clinical β-zone parapapillary atrophy (βPPA) by using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). METHODS Color photographs and horizontal cross-sectional FD-OCT images of the optic disc and parapapillary retina were obtained in 24 eyes (24 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma) with βPPA. The distances between the temporal disc margin and parapapillary landmarks (clinical βPPA margin and the edges of the retinal pigment epithelium [RPE], Bruch's membrane [BM], and the photoreceptor inner/outer segment [IS/OS] junction) were measured in 5 equally spaced horizontal meridians (total, 120 meridians). RESULTS The mean age was 56 ± 13 (SD) years. In the five meridians, the mean distances from the temporal disc margin to the temporal βPPA margin and the edges of RPE, BM, and the IS/OS junction were 388 ± 173, 371 ± 174, 214 ± 204, and 502 ± 167 μm, respectively. The RPE edge corresponded to the βPPA margin in 78 (65%) of 120 meridians and ended within the βPPA in 42 (35%) of 120 meridians. The BM edge corresponded to the RPE edge in 13 (11%) of 120 meridians and was closer to the disc in 107 (89%) of 120 meridians. The disc margin corresponded to the BM edge in 20 (17%) of 120 meridians and to the edge of the border tissue of Elschnig in 100 (83%) of 120 meridians. The IS/OS junction edge was farther from the disc than the temporal βPPA margin was in all 24 eyes. CONCLUSIONS The βPPA was not completely denuded of RPE, and there was a crescent-shaped area of photoreceptor degeneration or atrophy peripheral to the βPPA. The termination of the border tissue of Elschnig constituted the temporal disc margin in most eyes with βPPA.
Analysis of wastewater management in the Florida Keys

Maintaining water quality in the Florida Keys is vital to the area’s economy. However, the lack of sewage infrastructure has degraded nearshore water quality. The Monroe County Year 2010 Comprehensive Plan outlines strategies to improve sewage infrastructure to meet the State of Florida’s 2010 effluent standards. This paper assesses the progress of the Monroe County Year 2010 Comprehensive Plan in the context of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) by means of surveys, semi-structured interviews, and secondary data. Monroe County’s plan included aspects of ICM and emphasized a community-based approach for incorporated and unincorporated areas to meet effluent standards. However, areas throughout the Florida Keys faced financial constraints and lack of resources in executing public work initiatives. Variability in management plans developed by municipalities demonstrated the need for a top down approach. The State of Florida and Monroe County could have provided more guidance and resources, and facilitated communication between the various entities to help complete objectives by the 2010 deadline.
Holographic currents and Chern-Simons terms

Holographic currents and their associated Ward identities are derived in the framework of gravity/gauge duality. Holographic improvements of the energy-momentum tensor and $R$-symmetry current which are consistent with the Ward identities are displayed. The effects of specific string loop corrections to the bulk action are included as four derivative effective Lagrangian terms and their contributions to the trace and $R$-symmetry anomalies of the boundary theory are determined. As an example, the construction is applied to the $\mathcal{N}=2$ conformal supergravity which is taken to be dual to a boundary $SU(N)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(N)$, $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal field theory.
Intraviral homology and subgenomic RNAs of pepper ringspot virus.

Abstract The Tobraviruses constitute a group of rod-shaped, bipartite, plus-stranded RNA viruses. We report on homologies between the two viral genomic RNA molecules of pepper ringspot virus (PRV) and on the subgenomic components generated from them during infection. It has previously been shown that the 3′-terminal 459 nucleotides of PRV RNA-1 and RNA-2 are identical. Here it is shown that there is a second homology between RNA-1 and a region of RNA-2, located at least 240 nucleotides downstream from its 5′ terminus. In agreement with strains in another Tobravirus group, we observe three subgenomic components in extracts of plants infected with PRV. Two of these, RNAs-1 a (1.6 kb) and −1 b (0.8 kb), are derived from RNA-1 (the larger genomic RNA). They are probably mRNAs for 29- and 16-kDa nonstructural virus proteins. The smaller genomic RNA, RNA-2, generates the subgenomic component RNA-2a (1.3–1.45 kb) which is probably an efficient capsid protein mRNA. Previously reported subgenomic components of 2.8 and 1.1 kb are shown to be electrophoretic artifacts. RNA-2a, but not 1a or 1b, is present in virion RNA preparations, indicating that it is the only subgenomic species to be encapsidated.
General weak turbulence theory of resonant four-wave processes.

The time evolution of wave correlations (cumulants) in a uniformly turbulent ensemble of weakly nonlinear, dispersive systems is discussed. With closure of the hierarchy for wave correlations appropriate to the inclusion of resonant four‐wave processes, a kinetic equation for the spectral energy density of the waves is derived in situations where the resonant three‐wave decay condition cannot be satisfied. The resulting kinetic equation is a nonlinear integrodifferential equation with driving terms trilinear in the energy density. Some general properties of this equation are discussed including associated conservation relations and the law of increase of entropy.
Estimating the economic impacts of public spending in a sub-region: An econometric approach

Abstract Expenditures on a public institution represent not only a cost to the taxpayer but an economic benefit to the region in which it is located. The economic impact on a region's income is here calculated through an econometric model and associated multipliers. The impact on government income tax recepits is similarly calculated. The tax revenues are also used in determining the net cost of operation of the institution. These calculations are performed for the expenditures associated with the new State University Hospital at Stony Brook, N.Y. located in the region formed by Nassau and Suffolk Countries. The regional income multiplier is found to be 1.64.
Is the pseudogap in the high Tc cuprates evidence for dynamic van Hove Jahn-Teller effects?

Angle-resolved photoemission has demonstrated that in optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8, the van Hove singularity (vHs) is pinned close to the Fermi level. Such a pinning was predicted by the vHs scenario, due to strong electron-phonon coupling. This coupling arises for a novel Jahn-Teller (JT) effect, in which a structural distortion splits the degeneracy of the two vHs's. In the lanthanum cuprates, there appears to be a sequence ofdynamic JT phases, possibly terminating in a low-temperature static JT phase. The highest-temperature JT phase corresponds to the onset of octahedral tilts in the La cuprates (pyramidal tilts in YBCO), and can be identified with the experimentally observed pseudogap phase. Here I will summarize recent experimental evidence for such a dynamic JT effect in the cuprates.
On the simultaneous origin of tektites and other natural glasses

Abstract Further fission-track dating experiments have been done to examine the associations between tektite falls and various impact glasses. The previous ages found for Libyan desert glass by fission track dating, and for Ries Kessel glass and the Martha's Vineyard tektite by K—Ar dating, are confirmed. Although some low ages are found for samples from the Ivory Coast and the Ashanti Crater, the results support the value of 1·3 million years found by Gentner , Lippolt , Muller and Zahringer . Likely maximum ages are given for several impact glasses which are apparently not associated with tektite falls.
Religion in the Syntax of Power: A Postsecular Perspective on International Relations

AbstractReligion research in international relations (IR) has grown exponentially, but has it extended an understanding of religious agency beyond the assumptions of secularism? This article suggests the orientation towards religion in IR is now best described as ‘postsecular’ and employs a linguistic analogy to offer a three-fold argument. First, the study of religion in IR has shifted from a focus on morphology (i.e. the definitional forms of religion) to syntax (i.e. the political functions of religion). Second, by likening the dynamics of IR to the syntax of a sentence, the impacts of religion can be measured by linking religious actors and interests to different word-functions that make up the sentence. This is modelled by comparing the functions of religion in IR against the four noun cases of classical grammar. Third, applying the model highlights the constraint of secular ‘readings’ of the political by illustrating how religion can be sustained throughout the full ‘syntactical range’ of IR, thereb...
In vitro induction of a herpes-type virus in "summer-phase" Lucké tumor explants.

A herpes-type virus was induced in explants of "summer-phase" Lucke tumor maintained on agar slants at 7.5 C for 13 to 14 weeks.
First-principles DFT study of the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of azidopentazole

Abstract In this Letter we report a density functional all-electron calculation of the structural and electronic properties of the polynitrogen high-energy molecule, azidopentazole (N8). We have also performed a vibrational analysis to determine the IR and Raman spectra. Our calculated geometrical properties and vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with previous ab initio and density functional calculations. The weaker IR modes show a different relative ordering than previously reported. We also report calculated Raman intensities for azidopentazole.
CFD Simulations of Under Water Turbine in Gulf Stream Using RANS Method

The principal objective of this numerical study is to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of horizontal axis underwater turbine in the Gulf Stream. The CFD analysis provides detailed information about the local flow and the performance of the underwater turbine under varying flow conditions. Three dimensional simulations were performed using a 5.6 meter diameter turbine with 3 blades. The finite volume method was used to solve the equations of conservation of mass and momentum and turbulence (k-e equations). The flow field, turbulence, pressure distribution on the turbine blades and turbine power were obtained for a range of water speed (1–6 m/s) and rotation speed of turbine (1–10 rad/s). The z-velocity profiles behind the turbine were used to calculate the induction factor a, the power coefficient Cp and the total power P from the turbine. The results show a turbine power coefficient of 33% to 37.5% with an induction factors between 0.10 and 0.12.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Substrate and Catalyst Screening in Platinum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of Bis(secondary) Phosphines. Synthesis of an Enantiomerically Pure C2-Symmetric Diphosphine

Platinum-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of bis(secondary) phosphines was investigated. The modular design of the catalyst precursor Pt(diphos*)(R′)(Cl) and the substrates, a bis(secondary) phosphine HRP∼PHR and a benzyl halide, along with an efficient 31P NMR screening method, enabled rapid evaluation of the rate and diastereoselectivity of these reactions. These experiments identified a selective catalyst, Pt(DuPhos)(Ph)(Cl), and showed that the alkylation of PhHP(CH2)3PHPh (2) was faster and more selective than that of PhHP(CH2)2PHPh (1), MesHP(CH2)3PHMes (3), or 1,1′-(C5H4PHPh)2Fe (4). Alkylation of 1 with o-CF3C6H4CH2Br using the base NaOSiMe3 and the catalyst precursor Pt((R,R)-i-Pr-DuPhos)(Ph)(Cl), or the analogous Me-DuPhos complex, gave the diphosphine Ph(CH2o-CF3C6H4)P(CH2)2P(CH2o-CF3C6H4)Ph (7), which was prepared on a multigram scale and isolated as a borane adduct (6). The rac and meso diastereomers of 6 were separated by recrystallization, and enantiomerically pure 6 was isolated. Both (R,R)...
Farm-related trauma in the west of Ireland: an occupational hazard

BACKGROUND: Farm fatalities in Ireland remain at their highest recorded levels despite the introduction and implementation of several farm safety initiatives during recent years. AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine all farm-related morbidity and mortality presenting to a general hospital in the west of Ireland. METHODS: A consecutive series of all farm-related fatal and non-fatal injuries presenting to our institution over a 7-year period (2005-2011) was compiled by examining the hospital inpatient enquiry system and mortuary records. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty patients were admitted to Mayo General Hospital with non-fatal farm-related injuries during the study period. This cohort was comprised 104 males and 26 females with an average age at presentation of 46 (range 19-75) years. The most common mechanism of non-fatal injury was animal attack. The mean length of hospital stay, mean length of ICU stay and total number of bed days used were 5.2, 5.3 and 677 days, respectively. There were seven farm-related fatalities during the same study period. Four were livestock-related, two due to machinery accident and one due to fall of a heavy object. The post-mortem findings were analysed in each case. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis outlines the incidence and severity of fatal and non-fatal injuries sustained in the farming workplace and presenting to a general hospital serving a rural catchment population. Greater awareness of our results may help reduce the longterm incidence and magnitude of such injuries. Language: en
Soft Tissue Considerations in Implant Site Development

Healthy soft tissue surrounding a dental implant is essential for health, function, and esthetics. The development of the tooth includes the formation of a biologic connection between the living tissues that has to be created during the healing process after placement of the implant. The success of dental implants is dependent on the establishment of a soft-tissue barrier that is able to shelter the underlying osseous structures and the osseointegration surrounding the implant body. The esthetics of a dental implant prosthesis depends on the health and stability of the peri-implant mucosa. Understanding of soft-tissue healing and maintenance around dental implants is paramount for implant success. This article discusses the soft-tissue interface, aspects of soft-tissue health, and esthetics during treatment planning and therapy.