cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting moisture content of chipped pine samples with a multi-electrode capacitance sensor

Abstract Woody biomass is currently sold on a weight basis, practical moisture sensors are essential for fair sales, especially in energy markets. To address this need, an 8-electrode electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensor was built and tested for predicting moisture content of wood chips and compared with the near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) method. The goal was to find an optimal means of measuring moisture content of woody biomass in the form of chips in two situations: individual chips and bulk samples. Tests were made on chips ranging in moisture content from 4% to 140% (d.b.). Results indicated that NIR had better performance in measuring moisture of single wood chips, while ECT was more accurate and rapid in bulk moisture determination. Knowledge of the mass of wood chips under test was required in the ECT moisture prediction model, unlike in the case of NIR. Both methods had the capability to measure moisture content of biomass while in motion. From a practical standpoint, however, only a portion of the material flowing past a near-infrared sensor could be practically scanned and the sub-sampled biomass would have to be representative of the entire population to be accurate. The ECT sensor, on the other hand, could likely be designed to scan the entirety of a large quantity of moving material and provide an accurate bulk average moisture content. Compared to a single paired-plate capacitance sensor, the ECT system also provided images, through its tomography function, that displayed permittivity distribution variability throughout bulk biomass samples.
Primitivist tourism and romantic individualism: On the values in exotic stereotypy about cultural others:

This article examines a series of interconnected features of the idea of the primitive other that informs international tourists’ travel to visit Korowai people of West Papua, Indonesia. These include: how tourism is constituted as a reflexive inquiry into globalization itself; the cosmological idea of a Manichaean duality of the civilized and the primitive; the status of the primitive as ‘pure’; the idea of primitive closeness with nature; and the primitive’s functional role in a contemporary analog of the Romantic self-forming project of Bildung, which Dumont analyzed as a modified individualism and which I suggest is the driving foundation of the overall complex of stereotypy. My discussion emphasizes the importance of carrying out a cultural analysis of the primitivist stereotypy as a structured ideological system in its own right, by underlining the repetitions and interdependencies between the different facets of the overall ideological formation.
Inhibitory action of muscarinic agonists on neurons in the rat laterodorsal tegmental nucleus in vitro

1. The effects of the mixed cholinergic agonist carbachol and the muscarinic agonist methacholine (MCh) on neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) were studied with the use of intracellular and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in a rat brain stem slice preparation. 2. Neurons were classified into one of two categories on the basis of their intrinsic membrane properties: those that displayed a prominent low-threshold calcium burst (LTB, 60%) and those that did not exhibit such a burst (non-LTB, 40%). 3. Neurons from which recordings were obtained were filled with biocytin, visualized with Texas-red avidin, and identified as cholinergic or noncholinergic with NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. Eighty percent of the LTB neurons that were processed in this manner were cholinergic, and 60% of the non-LTB neurons were cholinergic. 4. Carbachol elicited a membrane hyperpolarization associated with a decrease in input resistance in 95% of the cells tested. Under voltage clamp this response was shown to be due to an outward current that reversed near the equilibrium potential for potassium and displayed marked inward rectification. The conductance/voltage relationship was fit to the Boltzmann equation with a mean V1/2 = -73 +/- 4 (SD) mV and a mean k value of 10 +/- 4. The carbachol-evoked current was fully blocked by extracellular barium. 5. There was no significant effect of carbachol on the transient currents IA or IT. 6. The carbachol-evoked current was mimicked by the specific muscarinic agonist methacholine and blocked by high concentrations of the muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine (IC50 = 580 nM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of spleen aminopeptidase on immune function in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma

Objective To study the influence of spleen aminopeptidase on immune function in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma. Methods The children were divided into the treatment group and the control group based on the use of spleen aminopeptide. Their efficiency,T cell subsets,and IgE changes were comparatively analyzed. Results The total effective rate was 84% in the treatment group,and 41. 2% in the control group. After the treatment,CD+4,CD+8,CD+4/CD+8ratios increased significantly,and IgE decreased significantly with statistical significance. Conclusion Spleen aminopeptide is effective in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma,which can improve their immune function obviously.
The gastroileoileal pouch: an alternative continent urinary reservoir for patients with short bowel, acidosis and/or extensive pelvic radiation.

AbstractWe report on 6 patients who underwent a new type of continent urinary diversion: the gastroileoileal reservoir. These are a select group of patients who presented with the short bowel syndrome, acidosis, borderline diarrhea and/or severe pelvic radiation, which precluded the use of terminal ileum and the ileocecal segment. Considering these factors, and based on the different functional properties of the stomach as well as the need for a large reservoir, a segment of stomach and proximal ileum was used to construct the reservoir. Four patients have been followed for at least 6 months, with the longest followup being 12 months. Temporary dysphagia requiring hydrogen blockers developed in 1 patient. Results indicate excellent function of the continent urinary system, lack of metabolic complications, absent diarrhea and excellent patient tolerance. This procedure could be a useful alternative in some difficult clinical situations when continent urinary diversion is desirable.
John Muir and the Beauty of Poison Oak

Amid the more pedestrian exchanges between John Muir and his father Daniel regarding health and finances, two remarkable letters stand out. One is more famous because it condemns that for which the young Muir is most remembered: his aspiration to explore wilderness and publish his ensuing impressions. Accompanying the shocking suggestion that he burn his manuscript, the elder Muir suggests an alternative vocation: “You cannot warm the heart of the saint of God with your cold icy-topped mountains. O, my dear son, come away from them to the spirit of God and His holy word, and He will show our lovely Jesus unto you” (Muir 1984 [19 March 1874]).
Evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Michigan, USA.

Abstract Direct and indirect contacts among individuals drive transmission of infectious disease. When multiple interacting species are susceptible to the same pathogen, risk assessment must include all potential host species. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an example of a disease that can be transmitted among several wildlife species and to cattle, although the potential role of several wildlife species in spillback to cattle remains unclear. To better understand the complex network of contacts and factors driving disease transmission, we fitted proximity logger collars to beef and dairy cattle (n = 37), white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ; n = 29), raccoon ( Procyon lotor ; n = 53), and Virginia opossum ( Didelphis virginiana ; n = 79) for 16 months in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula, USA. We determined inter- and intra-species direct and indirect contact rates. Data on indirect contact was calculated when collared animals visited stationary proximity loggers placed at cattle feed and water resources. Most contact between wildlife species and cattle was indirect, with the highest contact rates occurring between raccoons and cattle during summer and fall. Nearly all visits (>99%) to cattle feed and water sources were by cattle, whereas visitation to stored cattle feed was dominated by deer and raccoon (46% and 38%, respectively). Our results suggest that indirect contact resulting from wildlife species visiting cattle-related resources could pose a risk of disease transmission to cattle and deserves continued attention with active mitigation.
Spectrin Interchain Binding in Drosophila Development

Spectrin, a member of the family of actin cross-linking proteins that also includes dystrophin and α-actinin, is a widely distributed protein in eukaryotes (Dubreuil 1991; Matsudaira 1991). Spectrin is generally thought to generate networks that support the plasma membrane and sustain interactions between cellular structures responsible for cell motility and shape, but this hypothesis concerning its function is derived largely from studies of the human erythrocyte. While it is clear that the membrane skeleton of erythrocytes is a spectrin network that contributes to cell shape (Branton et al. 1981; Elgsaeter et al. 1986; Marchesi 1985), cell shape in most nonerythroid cells is governed by an extensive transcellular cytoskeleton. Whether or not spectrin’s network-forming capacity is the basis for in vivo function in these nonerythroid systems has not been addressed.
Joint Attention, Union with God, and the Dark Night of the Soul

Eleonore Stump has argued that the fulfilment of union between God and human beings requires a mode of relatedness that can be compared to joint attention, a phenomenon studied in contemporary experimental psychology. Stump’s account of union, however, is challenged by the fact that mother Teresa, despite her apparent manifestation of the love of God to others, herself experienced an interior ‘dark night of the soul’ during which God seemed to be absent and to have rejected her completely. The dark night of the soul poses a problem for Stump’s account, since, if anyone had a union of divine love with God, it would seem that mother Teresa did. Nevertheless, I argue that the isolation and abandonment of mother Teresa’s dark night are contrary to the conditions assumed to be required for joint attention with God. As an alternative to Stump’s account, I suggest that the dark night of the soul might be better understood by reference to a combination of joint attention and blindsight, according to which interpersonal closeness might be realized through a consistent pattern of external actions without, however, a direct awareness of one person by the other.
Using parsing agents as a service for data privacy

Storing data in the cloud is often a long and disputed process of ensuring that cloud service providers meet the clients minimum requirements. Often, this process can be costly, lack adequate results, and miss important security checks that are often overlooked. Therefore, I propose a new strategy for meeting cloud security requirements through using a dynamic parsing agent to encrypt outgoing data using a "multi-folded" encryption hierarchy. While there are limitations to being truly secure, such as those recognized by WhiteHat Security in their annual reports[1], I believe my unique architecture will prove to be ideal in allowing any mobile device (i.e. User) to define how their data is stored in the cloud. Although we have found this approach useful for the mobile space, we believe it can also be applied to a variety of different audiences in need of a cloud data encryption system.
Current strategies for salvage treatment for relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is curable in 70–80% of patients with first-line therapy. However, relapses occur in a minority of patients with favorable early stage disease and are more frequent in patients with advanced HL. Salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive disease is a standard treatment sequence for relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) HL. Patients who achieve complete response prior to ASCT have better survival outcomes. The choice of salvage chemotherapy therapy is becoming increasingly difficult in the era of novel agents, as there are no randomized studies to guide the choice of a second-line regimen. In this article, we will review current salvage therapy options, including combination chemotherapy and novel-agent-based salvage regimens for rel/ref HL.
SP0049 Dna aggregates as alarmins

DNA is a large polymeric molecule that displays powerful immunological activities and operates in the context of multi-component aggregates to alarm the immune system and stimulate innate immunity. Although DNA has important roles in normal host defense, DNA can serve as an autoantigen and autoimmunogen by itself or in association with other immunologically active nuclear molecules. In the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), DNA is a key target antigen; while antibodies to pure DNA double stranded DNA serve as important biomarkers, the relevant antigenic form of DNA during disease is the nucleosome in which DNA is bound to histones. Furthermore, nucleosomes can be components of microparticles which are small membrane-bound structures that are released from dead and dying cells. MPs can stimulate immune responses and serve as a nidus for immune complex formation. In normal immunity, DNA can interact with nucleic acid sensors in the cytoplasm of cells to stimulate responses including production of type 1 interferon. These sensors respond to DNA from intracellular organisms such as bacteria and viruses although damaged DNA and DNA from mitochondria can also interact with these receptors. While these sensors are intracellular, they can interact with extracellular DNA that is introduced or transfected into the cell; this translocation event occurs with DNA bound with other molecules. In another facet of host defense, DNA can be released from neutrophils during a process termed NETosis. A NET or neutrophil extracellular trap is a mesh-like structure comprised of DNA as well as granule proteins that have antibacterial activity. NETs can trap and kill bacteria. Thus, in its diverse immunological roles, DNA interacts with other molecules to form aggregates or sub-cellular structures that alarm the immune system, promote host defense or drive critical events in autoimmunity. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Near-Vt adaptive microprocessor and power-management-unit system based on direct error regulation

We present a co-design approach of a near-threshold voltage adaptive microprocessor and power-management unit (PMU). It consists of (i) a microprocessor with in-situ error detection and correction; (ii) an integrated 63-ratio switched-capacitor DC-DC converter; and (iii) an error-based controller which regulates the timing error rate of microprocessor directly instead of indirectly through regulating PMU output voltage. The measurement of the prototyped chips shows a significant improvement in system-level efficiency that considers both power conversion and consumption.
Implications of 5′-Nucleotidase and its Inhibitor for Cellular Aging and Cancer

The concept of using neoplastic cells as a control to study cellular aging has been generally accepted and become very popular in recent years. Using this approach to study the change of 5′-nucleotidase during the aging of normal cells in vitro has led us to a number of consistent findings, including the discovery of an inhibitor for 5′-nucleotidase (Sun et al., 1975; Sun, et al., 1979; Sun, et al., 1982; Sun, et al., 1983, Lee, et al., 1985). In this article we review our study of using neoplastic cells as a control to study 5′-nucleotidase and its inhibitor in cellular aging and the previous work of others on 5′-nucleotidase related to cancer and cell proliferation. The criteria for using cancer cells as a control to study cellular aging are defined. A hypothesis is proposed on the biochemical role of 5′-nucleotidase and its inhibitor in the control of the proliferation and aging of normal cells and the lack of this control in neoplastic cells.
Chief executives' approval of immigrants: Evidence from a survey experiment of 101 Latin American and Caribbean mayors

Several countries worldwide have experienced increasing immigration waves. Studies have explained immigration attitudes mainly in terms of cultural threats and material self-interest. However, scarce attention has been given to chief executives' empathy toward the causes of migration, the impact of which may be moderated by the size of the migration wave. We test these propositions on data drawn from a survey-experiment using 101 Latin American and Caribbean mayors as subjects. Mayors were presented with hypothetical situations in which they had to approve or reject an experimentally manipulated number of immigrants. The cause of their migration was also manipulated by randomly presenting mayors a number of immigrants due to either an earthquake (natural disaster), a civil conflict, or an unspecified cause (control group). Findings show 79 percent of mayors approved immigrants regardless of the cause. Mayors are more likely to approve immigrants when the migration cause is stated. However, mayoral approval of immigrants due to disasters is not statistically different from mayoral approval of immigrants due to civil conflict. When the size of the immigration wave increases, mayors are still more likely to accept immigrants due to natural disasters, but less likely to accept immigrants due to civil conflict. Interestingly, South American, Caribbean and Central American mayors tend to be more empathetic toward immigrants than their Mexican colleagues.
Novel gene therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

The convergent pathobiologic model of Parkinson’s disease stipulates that disparate insults initiate a disease process that obligately share a common pathway leading to cell death. A combinatorial treatment which targets various steps in this pathway is likely to be the most successful therapeutic strategy. As advances are made in the field of neuroimaging and pharmacogenomics, early detection of sporadic PD will become a reality. Early intervention will likely sparemore dopaminergic neurons and extend the quality of life for the patient. Continued advancements in the fields of pharmacology, neurosurgery, and gene therapy will strengthen the armamentarium available for the treatment of PD patients.
Knowing What You Believe

For the coherence theorist who is also an intemalist, the coherence of a belief with a subject’s entire belief system must be accessible to that subject if that coherence is to serve as the justifying reason for accepting the belief in question. In addition, the evaluation of how well a belief coheres with one’s system of beliefs requires that one have some sort of access to this system. These requirements might appear to lead to a pervasive and unwelcome skepticism. Few people, if any, have access to their entire belief systems. Therefore, few, if any, human subjects can, if the requirements hold, qualify as having any justified beliefs.
REGULATION OF β-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS IN RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX

ABSTRACT The intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to adult rats or its subcutaneous administration to newborns leads to an increase in the density of β-adrenergic receptors with no change in their properties. The administration of inhibitors of norepinephrine (NE) uptake or metabolism or the incubation of slices of rat cerebral cortex with isoproterenol (ISO) leads to an apparent loss of receptors. The pharmacological specificity of β-adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex suggests that both β-1 and β-2-adrenergic receptors are present. The chronic administration of 6-OHDA or desemethylimipramine (DMI) cause changes in the density of β-1 receptors without affecting the density of β-2 receptors.
Spectrum and Treatment Strategy of Neonatal Hydromyelia with Myelomeningocele (MMC)

Neonatal hydromyelia with myelomeningocele (MMC) detected on neuroimages at birth has raised current issues about its management. However, little has been documented on its clinical spectrum and management remains unclear. The authors reviewed 12 cases of neonatal hydromyelia diagnosed in 38 consecutive patients with open MMC, attempting to obtain a rational therapeutic strategy. Results were analyzed in comparison with those of 19 nonneonatal hydromyelia cases. All but 4 neonatal cases of hydromyelia were large; all were associated with myeloschisis and advanced hydrocephalus. Two patients were overlapped with diastematomyelia. Seven patients showed a vermian shift up to the spinal level C4-C5. Four presented intractable symptomatic Chiari malformation. After MMC repair and ventricular shunting, 5 syrinx progressed and 2 were reduced to a slit. Two of 10 progressed syrinx were reduced by osseous craniocervical decompression (CCD). Syringospinal subarachnoid (SS) shunting, which was applied for the large syrinx after CCD, collapsed 2 syrinx and reduced 2. Syrinx of nonneonatal cord tethering-related hydromyelia remained collapsed for a maximum of 10 years after untethering and SS shunting. Our data suggest that the neonatal hydromyelia-MMC complex is not rare but poses a difficult issue concerning management. SS shunting assures the early reduction of the large syrinx with MMC. However, it is invasive for the immature spinal cord. Syrinx shunting should be preserved for the large and progressive syrinx refractory to MMC repair, ventricular shunting, or CVJD, which might eliminate the deteriorating factors. The authors propose a stepwise protocol for the management of neonatal hydromyelia with MMC.
Black theology - essays on global perspectives: Dwight N. Hopkins, Eugene, OR, Cascade Books, 2017, xviii + 308 pp., £ 31.00 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-5326-0821-6

Dwight N. Hopkins is the Alexander Campbell Professor of Theology at the University of Chicago Divinity School and in the College. For a long time, even before the publication of his first book, Ho...
374 THE STIFFER THE HEART, THE WORSE THE OUTCOME AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION.

Purpose Some cardiac transplant patients develop restrictive physiology with normal systolic function. Most of this restrictive physiology may be due to cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). These patients demonstrate recurrent fluid retention and heart failure symptoms due to low cardiac output from cardiac restriction, and the outcome is believed to be poor. Methods To test this hypothesis, we reviewed 542 patients transplanted between 1994 and 2004 and identified 30 patients who exhibited restrictive physiology and 512 patients without (control group). Restrictive physiology was defined as symptomatic heart failure, normal left ventricular ejection fraction, an echo E to A velocity ratio > 2, shortened isovolumetric relaxation time ( 12, PCW > 25, CI Results Of the 30 patients with restrictive physiology, 15 were male, 17 had evidence for epicardial CAV, 19 had, on average, 2.4 episodes of rejection, and 10 patients had history of hemodynamic compromise rejection. Five-year survival was significantly lower in the restrictive physiology group compared with the control group (58% vs 84%, p Conclusions Once heart transplant patients develop restrictive physiology, despite normal systolic function, outcomes appear to be poor. Newer or novel therapies to treat this condition and/or consideration for redo heart transplantation should be considered.
Berberine hydrochloride protects against cytokine-induced inflammation through multiple pathways in undifferentiated C2C12 myoblast cells

Obesity is associated with skeletal muscle insulin resistance and the development of metabolic syndrome. Undifferentiated skeletal muscle cells are sensitive to oxidative stress. Berberine hydrochl...
The use of tranexamic acid in adult spinal deformity: is there an optimal dosing strategy?

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT ASD (Adult spinal deformity) surgery often entails complex osteotomies and realignment procedures, particularly in the setting of rigid deformities. Although previous studies have established the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA), data evaluating the widely variable dosing regimens remains sparse. PURPOSE To improve understanding of blood loss and transfusion requirements for low-dose and high-dose TXA regimens for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a retrospective cohort study of 318 ASD patients who received TXA. Outcome measures include estimated blood loss (EBL), perioperative transfusion requirement, and complications. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on 318 ASD patients: 258 patients received a low-dose regimen of TXA (10 or 20 mg/kg loading dose with a 1 or 2 mg/kg/h maintenance dose) and 60 patients received a high-dose regimen of TXA (40 mg/kg loading dose with a 1 mg/kg/h maintenance dose, 30 mg/kg loading dose with a 10 mg/kg/h maintenance dose, or 50 mg/kg loading dose with a 5 mg/kg/h maintenance dose). RESULTS Compared with the low-dose TXA group, the high-dose TXA group had significantly decreased EBL (1402 vs. 1793 mL, p=.009), blood volume lost (30.3 vs. 39.4%, p=.01), intraoperative packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion (0.9 vs. 1.6 U, p CONCLUSIONS Varying dosing regimens of TXA are utilized for ASD surgery, with a prevailing theme of dosing ambiguity. These data demonstrate that high-dose TXA is more effective than low-dose TXA in reducing blood loss and blood product transfusion requirement in ASD surgery. Importantly, rates of MI and postop AF were higher in the high-dose TXA group.
Evolution of the Mechanical Behavior of Lead Free Solders Exposed to Thermal Cycling

Lead free electronic assemblies are often subjected to thermal cycling during qualification testing or during actual use. During the dwells at the constant high temperature extreme, the lead free solders joints will experience thermal aging phenomena, resulting in microstructural evolution and material property degradation. Additional aging effects can also occur in the ramp periods from low to high temperature. In this study, we have investigated the evolution of the mechanical behavior of SAC305 lead free solder materials exposed to various thermal cycling exposures. Uniaxial test specimens were prepared by reflowing solder in rectangular cross-section glass tubes with a controlled temperature profile. After reflow solidification, the samples were placed into the environmental chamber and thermally cycled from −40 C to + 125 C under a stress-free condition (no load). Several thermal cycling profiles were examined including: (1) 90 minute cycles with 15 minutes ramps and 30 minutes dwells, (2) air-to-air thermal shock exposures with 30 minutes dwells and near instantaneous ramps, and (3) 30 minute cycles with 15 minutes ramps and 0 minutes dwells, (4) no cycling (simple aging at high temperature extreme). For each profile, sets of samples were exposed to various durations of cycling (e.g. 48, 96, and 240 cycles), which were equivalent to various aging times at the high temperature extreme of T = 125 C. The thermally cycled samples were then subjected to stress-strain testing to measure the mechanical properties including the effective elastic modulus (E) and the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS). For each cycling profile, the evolutions of the mechanical properties were characterized as a function of the cycling duration, as well as the net aging time at the high temperature extreme. The results for the various profiles were compared, and it was found that the detrimental effects of aging are accelerated in a thermal cycling environment. Test results revealed that the mechanical properties degradation for SAC305 are higher in thermal cycling with the same time at the high temperature extreme when compared to pure aging. For example, the elastic modulus and UTS of SAC305 reduced by 41 %, and 38%, respectively, after 5 days of isothermal aging; whereas these properties reduced by 63%, and 43.5%, respectively after 5 days of equivalent aging under thermal profile #1 (240 cycles).
POSTOPERATIVE ACUTE HEART FAILURE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Hydration therapy may increase the risk of postoperative acute heart failure (AHF) while reducing the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). No relevant
Multiple Linear Regression

Multiple regression represents the relationship between a dependent variable and a weighted linear combination of a set of independent variables. Multiple regression can be used to model a wide variety of forms of relationships and types of independent variables. Diagnostic procedures can be used to identify violations of assumptions and outlying data points which adversely affect its performance. Multiple regression can be used to describe relationships, predict future scores on the dependent variable, and test specific hypotheses. Keywords: multiple regression; outliers; diagnostics
Fear of missing out (FoMO): A generational phenomenon or an individual difference?:

Fear of missing out (FoMO) regarding activities within one’s social circle is a potential downside of the advent of social media and more rapid forms of communication. To examine potential generati...
Antimicrobial usage for the treatment on respiratory diseases in calves

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major concern on calf health. In the USA, BRD explains 24% and 59% of pre-weaned and weaned calf mortality, respectively. This important disease results in over 91% of affected calves being treated with antimicrobials. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the quality of published peer-review studies evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobials for the treatment of BRD in calves.
Distal organ inflammation and injury after resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a porcine model of severe hemorrhagic shock

Background and objective Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta (REBOA) has emerged as a potential life-saving maneuver for the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage in trauma patients. Complete REBOA (cREBOA) is inherently associated with the burden of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and organ dysfunction. However, the distal organ inflammation and its association with organ injury have been little investigated. This study was conducted to assess these adverse effects of cREBOA following massive hemorrhage in swine. Methods Spontaneously breathing and consciously sedated Sinclair pigs were subjected to exponential hemorrhage of 65% total blood volume over 60 minutes. Animals were randomized into 3 groups (n = 7): (1) Positive control (PC) received immediate transfusion of shed blood after hemorrhage, (2) 30min-cREBOA (A30) received Zone 1 cREBOA for 30 minutes, and (3) 60min-cREBOA (A60) given Zone 1 cREBOA for 60 minutes. The A30 and A60 groups were followed by resuscitation with shed blood post-cREBOA and observed for 4h. Metabolic and hemodynamic effects, coagulation parameters, inflammatory and end organ consequences were monitored and assessed. Results Compared with 30min-cREBOA, 60min-cREBOA resulted in (1) increased IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in distal organs (kidney, jejunum, and liver) (p < 0.05) and decreased reduced glutathione in kidney and liver (p < 0.05), (2) leukopenia, neutropenia, and coagulopathy (p < 0.05), (3) blood pressure decline (p < 0.05), (4) metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia (p < 0.05), and (5) histological injury of kidney and jejunum (p < 0.05) as well as higher levels of creatinine, AST, and ALT (p < 0.05). Conclusion 30min-cREBOA seems to be a feasible and effective adjunct in supporting central perfusion during severe hemorrhage. However, prolonged cREBOA (60min) adverse effects such as distal organ inflammation and injury must be taken into serious consideration.
Roles for microtubules in the proliferative and differentiated cells of stratified epithelia.

Abstract While microtubule dynamics and organization have been extensively studied in vitro, both biochemically and in cultured cells, recent work has begun to extend this into tissues ex vivo and organisms in vivo. Advances in genetic tools and imaging technology have allowed studies on the dynamics, function, and organization of microtubules in the stratified epithelia of the epidermis. Here, we discuss recent work that highlights the varied roles that microtubules play in supporting epidermal function. These findings demonstrate that studying microtubules in tissues has revealed not only novel aspects of epidermal biology but also new principles of microtubule regulation.
Basophils getting on your nerves? Itching for clarity on flares in atopic dermatitis

Flares of acute itch in the setting of atopic dermatitis may engage a novel neuroimmune axis that includes basophils, LTC4, and sensory neurons.
A Theoretical Stereoselectivity Model of Photochemical Denitrogenations of Diazoalkanes Toward Strained 1,3-Dihalogenated Bicyclobutanes.

Photochemical reactions exemplify "green" chemistry and are an essential tool for synthesizing highly strained molecules under mild conditions with light. The light-promoted denitrogenation of bicyclic azoalkanes affords functionalized, stereoenriched bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. These reactions were revisited with multireference calculations and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations to provide a detailed analysis of the photophysics, reactivities, and unexplained stereoselectivity of a series of diazabicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes. We used complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations with an (8,8) active space and ANO-S-VDZP basis set; the CASSCF energies were corrected with CASPT2 (8,8)/ANO-S-VDZP. The nature of the electronic excitation is n → π* and ranges from 3.77 to 3.91 eV for the diazabicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes reported here. Minimum energy path calculations showed stepwise C-N bond breaking and led directly to a minimum energy crossing point, corresponding to a stereochemical "double inversion" product. Wigner sampling of diazabicyclo[2.1.1]hexene provided initial conditions for 692 NAMD trajectories. We identified competing complete stereoselective and stereochemical scrambling pathways. The stereoselective pathways feature concerted bicyclobutane inversion and N2 extrusion. The stereochemical scrambling pathways involve N2 extrusion followed by bicyclobutane planarization, leading to stereochemical scrambling. The predicted diastereomeric excess (d.e.) almost exactly matches the experiment (calc.d.e. = 46% vs exp.d.e. = 47%). Our NAMD simulations with 672, 568, and 596 trajectories for 1-F, 1-Cl, and 1-Br predicted a d.e. of 94-97% for the double inversion products. Halogenation significantly perturbs the potential energy surface (PES) toward the retention products due to hyperconjugative interactions. The nC → σ*C-X, X = F, Cl, Br hyperconjugative effect leads to a broader shoulder region on the PES for double inversion.
Introducing and Benchmarking a One-Shot Learning Gesture Recognition Dataset

Deep learning techniques have been widely and successfully applied, over the last five years, to recognize the gestures and activities performed by users wearing electronic devices. However, the collected datasets are built in an old fashioned way, mostly comprised of subjects that perform many times few different gestures/activities. This paper addresses the lack of a wearable gesture recognition dataset for exploring one-shot learning techniques. The current dataset consists of 46 gestures performed by 35 subjects, wearing a smartwatch equipped with 3 motion sensors and is publicly available. Moreover, 3 one-shot learning classification approaches are benchmarked on the dataset, exploiting two different deep learning classifiers. The results of the benchmark depict the difficulty of the one-shot learning task, exposing new challenges for wearable gesture/activity recognition.
Naturally Occurring Consecutive Sleep Loss and Day-to-Day Trajectories of Affective and Physical Well-Being.

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have shown that just 1 night of sleep loss impairs next-day performance, mood, and energy. Yet, little is known about the effects of consecutive sleep loss on daily well-being in participants' own settings. PURPOSE This study examined whether and how naturally occurring consecutive sleep loss is associated with day-to-day trajectories of affective and physical well-being. METHODS Participants were adults (N = 1,958) from the Midlife in the United States Study who provided daily diary data for eight consecutive days. Consecutive sleep loss was operationalized as the within-person number of consecutive nights with <6 hr of sleep. Multilevel models evaluated the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of consecutive sleep loss on daily well-being, after controlling for sociodemographic, health, and daily covariates. RESULTS Daily negative affect increased and positive affect decreased in curvilinear fashion as the number of consecutive sleep loss increased. For example, daily negative affect increased (linear), but the rate of increase decelerated as the number of consecutive sleep loss increased (quadratic). Results were consistent for the number and severity of physical symptoms. For negative affect and the severity of physical symptoms, cubic effect was also significant such that the rate of increase accelerated again in the days most distal to baseline (no sleep loss). CONCLUSIONS Consecutive sleep loss was associated with degraded trajectories of daily affective and physical well-being. Making efforts to break the vicious cycle of sleep loss may protect daily well-being in adults whose sleep time is often compromised.
Small cell/lymphohistiocytic morphology is associated with peripheral blood involvement, CD8 positivity and retained T-cell antigens, but not outcome in adults with ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Several morphologic variants of ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are recognized. The small cell (SC) and lymphohistiocytic (LH) variants are reported to be associated with poorer outcome in children with ALK + ALCL. In this study of 102 adults with ALK + ALCL, there were 18 (18%) cases of SC and/or LH variants. Patients with SC/LH ALK + ALCL more often had peripheral blood involvement than patients with non-SC/LH neoplasms (60% vs 0%, p = 0.02). There were no other significant differences in clinical features between patients with SC/LH versus non-SC/LH ALK + ALCL. Compared with non-SC/LH cases of ALK + ALCL, neoplasms with SC/LH features were more often positive for CD2 (92% vs. 36%, p = 0.0007), CD3 (81% vs. 15%, p = 0.0001), CD7 (80% vs. 37%, p = 0.03), and CD8 (54% vs. 7%, p = 0.0006). There were no other significant differences in the immunophenotype between SC/LH and non-SC/LH ALK + ALCL cases. The initial chemotherapy regimens and the response rates were similar between patients with ALK + ALCL with SC/LH patterns versus those with non-SC/LH patterns. After a median follow-up of 30.8 months (range, 0.3-208 months), patients with high (>3) International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores had significantly shorter overall survival than patients with low (<3) IPI scores (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference in overall or progression-free survival between patients with SC/LH versus non-SC/LH ALK + ALCL (p = 0.99 and p = 0.94, respectively). We conclude that, in adults with ALK + ALCL, SC and LH variants are associated with peripheral blood involvement and a CD8 + immunophenotype with retention of T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, and CD7). However, in contrast with children with ALK + ALCL, SC and LH variants appear to have no impact on prognosis in adults with ALK + ALCL.
HIV care and treatment beliefs among patients initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Oromia Ethiopia.

To better understand patient beliefs, which may influence adherence to HIV care and treatment, we examined three dimensions of beliefs among Ethiopian adults (n = 1177) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Beliefs about benefits of ART/HIV clinical care were largely accurate, but few patients believed in the ability of ART to prevent sexual transmission and many thought Holy Water could cure HIV. Factors associated with lower odds of accurate beliefs included advanced HIV, lack of formal education, and Muslim religion (benefits of ART/clinical care); secondary or university education and more clinic visits (ART to prevent sexual transmission); and pregnancy and Orthodox Christian religion (Holy Water). Assessment of patient beliefs may help providers identify areas needing reinforcement. In this setting, counselors also need to stress the benefits of ART as prevention and that Holy Water should not be used to the exclusion of HIV care and ART.
Preparing Very Loose Granular Triaxial Specimens by Ex Situ Freezing

Ex situ soil freezing can be used to prepare very loose cohesionless triaxial specimens that can be handled, stored, and transported. This paper describes two freezing techniques, freezing with cold air in a freezer and freezing with liquid nitrogen. These methods are used to prepare very loose saturated Ottawa sand specimens. Special equipment and techniques used for each method are described. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods and the effectiveness of the efforts to minimize disturbance due to volume changes during freezing are discussed. Properties of specimens prepared using each method are presented. The results of 16 consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests are presented. The freezing method affects the amount of volume change during freezing but does not significantly affect the effective angle of internal friction.
Mapping of seismic layer 2A/2B boundary above the sheeted dike unit at intermediate spreading crust exposed near the Blanco Transform

[1] We present results from a study mapping the seismic layer 2A/2B boundary in young ocean crust located adjacent to the north wall of the Blanco Transform Fault (BTF). We review seafloor features, geochemical and petrologic data, seismic imaging, and seismic structure and conclude that the BTF seismic study region is representative of crust formed at the intermediate spreading Juan de Fuca Ridge. The mean layer 2A two-way travel time beneath the seafloor is 0.37 ± 0.10 s for the 42 × 12 km seismic survey area. Several regions are observed where layer 2A is consistently thin or thick over lateral distances of 5–10 km, both in a ridge-parallel and ridge-perpendicular direction. Layer 2A thicknesses appear more variable in the ridge-parallel (isochron) direction than the ridge-perpendicular (flow line) direction. There is no systematic pattern of layer 2A thickness variability with distance from the BTF, nor is there a correlation between seafloor topography and layer 2A thickness. Calculated mean layer 2A thickness for the seismic study region is 485 ± 135 m assuming an interval velocity of 2.65 km/s. The imaged layer 2A/2B boundary projects on average ∼600–650 m above the top of the sheeted dike complex mapped on the adjacent BTF north wall. We argue that the geologic context of the layer 2A/2B boundary will vary as competing processes of magmatic construction and fracturing (increasing porosity) and crustal thickening, compaction, dike intrusion, and hydrothermal sealing (decreasing porosity) vary as the crust spreads laterally from the ridge axis to ridge flanks.
Intrinsic MyD88-activation in B cells is necessary for development of alloreactive memory T cells (TRAN3P.902)

B cells help alloreactive T cells to differentiate into memory T cells. Since B cells express TLRs, we asked whether MyD88-mediated activation of B cells is required for T cell activation and differentiation to memory T cells. Methods: Irradiated μMTCD45.1 mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells from μMTCD45.1 and wtCD45.2 (μMT+wt) or μMTCD45.1 and MyD88-/-CD45.2 (μMT+MyD88-/-). Differences in congenic background allowed us to confirm that following reconstitution, MyD88 deficiency was essentially restricted to B cells. μMT+MyD88-/- and μMT+wt received Balb/c skin transplants. Results: Rejection of allografts was comparable between μMT+MyD88-/- and μMT+wt chimeras (MST=18 days). μMT+MyD88-/- recipients showed 3-fold more alloreactive IFNγ+ CD4 and CD8 effector T cells when compared to μMT+wt mice at day 14 (p<0.05). IL-10+ B cells were diminished (p<0.005) in μMT+MyD88-/- than in μMT+wt chimeras. CD8 memory precursor T cells (CD44hi CD62Llo CD127hi) in μMT+MyD88-/- showed predominantly Bcl2lo expression in both KLRG1lo memory precursor effector cell (MPEC) and KLRG1hi short-lived effector cell (SLEC) populations. Consistent with these findings, fewer alloreactive CD4 and CD8 IFNγ+ memory T cells were seen in μMT+MyD88-/- (p<0.005) resulting in impaired memory recall (MST = 27 vs. 15 days, p < 0.005) than in μMT+wt chimeras. Conclusions: Intrinsic MyD88-dependent B cell functions are important for alloreactive T cell differentiation into long-lived memory T cells.
The Importance of Wellbeing and the Future of Health Education

(1978). The Importance of Wellbeing and the Future of Health Education. Health Education: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 28-30.
Classification and Properties of Organic Soils

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the salient features and concepts of organic soil classification systems, bog classification, and other related studies dealing with properties of organic soils. The principal objective of organic soil classification is to characterize and organize the most important morphological, physical, and chemical properties of these soils significant to their proper utilization. The criteria used in classifying organic soils include topographical-geographical, surface vegetation, chemical properties, botanical origin, morphology, and genetic processes. Certain physical and chemical properties of organic soils that currently seem most meaningful as criteria in classification are also considered in the chapter. These properties include bulk density, fiber characteristics, pH ash content, and degree of decomposition. The morphological features of organic soil horizons constitute the most important and useful criteria for the classification of organic soils. Adequate characterization of certain diagnostic horizons of an organic soil is the first step in classification. Morphological properties useful in characterizing the horizons of these soils include amount and size of fiber and degree of decomposition determined in several ways. In the classification of organic soils, three types of horizons are considered diagnostic in the highest level (Suborder) in the classification system. These are the fibric, mesic, and sapric horizons.
Integrative Care Therapies and Physiological and Pain-related Outcomes in Hospitalized Infants

Background: Pain management is a frequent problem in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Few studies examining effects of integrative care therapies on pain-related outcomes in neonates have included physiological outcomes or investigated the use of such therapies in a practice-based setting. Objective: The purpose of this practice-based retrospective study was to examine the associations between integrative care therapies, particularly massage and healing touch, and pain-related outcomes among hospitalized infants. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of a clinical database from a level III NICU regularly delivering integrative care therapies. Paired-samples t-tests were used to examine associations between integrative care therapies and 4 pre-post outcome measures: therapist-rated pain and presentation (ranging from asleep to agitated) and neonates' heart rate and oxygen saturation. Results: Of 186 patients (Mage=68 days), 58% were male and 67% were Caucasian. Sixty-two percent received bot...