cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redesigning primary care in the safety net: A qualitative analysis of team-based care implementation.

Abstract Background Team-based care is an innovative approach to primary care in which groups of health care professionals work collaboratively to manage care for groups of patients. Safety-net organizations face specific barriers to implementing health care innovations. More research is needed that documents the dynamics that inform implementation and sustainment of innovative practices in the safety net. Methods We conducted qualitative fieldwork, including purposeful observation and semi-structured and informal interviews, to explore the implementation of care teams in safety-net clinics in California. Field notes and transcripts were analyzed using an inductive approach to identify overarching themes across sites. Results Salient themes across clinics suggest that 1) well-designed physical layouts that promote sustained patterns of structured and spontaneous communication and collaboration are critical to creating high-functioning teams; 2) implementation of team-based care relies on a relaxing of the traditional clinic hierarchy into an agile organizational structure that empowers all clinic staff—most notably medical assistants—by facilitating an ethos of collaborative decision-making, interdependence, and shared responsibility; and 3) resource constraints related to recruitment and retention of qualified staff are key barriers to implementation. Conclusions Team-based care has the potential to improve patient outcomes, strengthen relationships and well-being among clinic staff, and expand staff roles to facilitate collective accomplishment of work goals. To successfully launch and sustain care teams in safety-net clinics, greater commitments to creating well-designed spaces and a re-envisioning of the training and compensation for medical assistants that reflects the valuable role these individuals can play appear to be necessary.
Seeker beware: The interpersonal costs of ignoring advice

Abstract Prior advice research has focused on why people rely on (or ignore) advice and its impact on judgment accuracy. We expand the consideration of advice-seeking outcomes by investigating the interpersonal consequences of advice seekers’ decisions. Across nine studies, we show that advisors interpersonally penalize seekers who disregard their advice, and that these reactions are especially strong among expert advisors. This penalty also drives advisor reactions to a widely-recommended advice-seeking strategy: soliciting multiple advisors to leverage the wisdom of crowds. Advisors denigrate and distance themselves from seekers who they learn consulted others, an effect mediated by perceptions that their own advice will be disregarded. Underlying these effects is an asymmetry between advisors’ and seekers’ beliefs about the purpose of the advice exchange: whereas advisors believe giving advice is more about narrowing the option set by providing direction, seekers believe soliciting advice is more about widening the option set by gathering information.
PyMethylProcess - highly parallelized preprocessing for DNA methylation array data

Abstract Summary The ability to perform high-throughput preprocessing of methylation array data is essential in large scale methylation studies. While R is a convenient language for methylation analyses, performing highly parallelized preprocessing using Python can accelerate data preparation for down-stream methylation analyses, including large scale production-ready machine learning pipelines. Here, we present a methylation data preprocessing pipeline called PyMethylProcess that is highly reproducible, scalable, and that can be quickly set-up and deployed through Docker and PIP. Availability and Implementation Project Name: PyMethylProcess Project Home Page: https://github.com/Christensen-Lab-Dartmouth/PyMethylProcess. Available on PyPI as pymethylprocess. Available on DockerHub via joshualevy44/pymethylprocess. Help Documentation: https://christensen-lab-dartmouth.github.io/PyMethylProcess/ Operating Systems: Linux, MacOS, Windows (Docker) Programming Language: Python, R Other Requirements: Python 3.6, R 3.5.1, Docker (optional) License: MIT Contact joshua.j.levy.gr@dartmouth.edu
Particle Gaussian Mixture (PGM) filters

Recursive estimation of nonlinear dynamical systems is an important problem that arises in several engineering applications. Consistent and accurate propagation of uncertainties is important to ensuring good estimation performance. It is well known that the posterior state estimates in nonlinear problems may assume non-Gaussian multimodal densities. In the past, Gaussian filters and particle filters were introduced to handle non-Gaussianity and nonlinearity. However, these methods have seen only limited success as most filters attempt to fix the number of modes during the estimation process, and the particle filters suffer from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we propose a particle based Gaussian filtering approach for the general nonlinear estimation problem that is free of the particle depletion problem inherent to most particle filters. We employ an ensemble of randomly sampled states for the propagation of state probability density. A Gaussian mixture model of the propagated uncertainty is then recovered by clustering the ensemble. The posterior density is obtained subsequently through a Kalman measurement update of the mixture modes. We prove the weak convergence of the PGM density to the true filter density assuming exponential forgetting of initial conditions by the true filter. The performance of the proposed filtering approach is demonstrated through several test cases and is extensively compared to other nonlinear filters.
Creating ROI: Return on Innovation-the Partners Model

New technology emerging from academic medical centers [AMCs] needs to be embodied in the form of a commercial product to be available to patients. Venture capital funded startups play a key role in paving the road to market, usually through the intermediacy of a large healthcare supplier. Traditionally, the economic participation of AMCs in the commercialization of their intellectual property has been limited to license agreements. Partners HealthCare System has gone a step further through the creation of a venture capital function, dedicated to founding and funding new companies formed around technologies emerging from their own research community. Direct equity investment offers the potential for greater return on innovation if the process is managed carefully to ensure an appropriate balance of risk and reward.
A Training Program in Working Alliance Communication Skills.

The current paper presents the results from two studies. The first study examined the effectiveness of a training program designed to enhance medical residents’ working alliance communication skills. The second study surveyed patients to examine if the resident training program resulted in significantly improved adherence and satisfaction for their patients. The first study used an experimental design, and 104 residents were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group received working alliance training and the other served as a control and received no training. In the second study, after the training was completed, we surveyed one patient treated by each of the residents who participated in the first study to assess differences by resident group on patient self-reported adherence and satisfaction. In all, 68 patients participated and these patients were blind to whether the resident had participated in the training. For the first study, post-test data for the two groups showed that residents in the training group reported higher working alliance skills than residents in the control group. For the second study, patients cared for by residents who participated in the training reported better adherence and higher satisfaction with treatment than patients of residents in the control group. Thus, the training program appears to enhance residents’ working alliance communication skills and is related to self-reported improvement in patient adherence and satisfaction. Further research is warranted to better understand these findings.
Pure S0 and SH0 detections of various damage types in aerospace composites

Abstract This paper proposes a new single-mode guided wave-based method to detect various types of damage in aerospace composites. In this method, single-mode guided wave excitation was achieved using adjustable angle beam transducers (ABT). The ABT tuning angles of various pure-mode guided waves were calculated based on Snell's law applied to the composite dispersion curves. A finite element (FE) simulation of pure S0 mode excitation in a crossply composite plate was conducted and the simulation results were validated by the experiment. For the first time, angle beam transducers were applied to generate pure shear horizontal (SH0) wave in a thick quasi-isotropic composite plate. The pure SH0 wave excitation was successfully verified by a three-dimensional (3D) FE simulation. SH0-mode wave propagation and interaction with delaminations were further conducted and strong trapped waves within the delamination regions were observed. Experiments using S0 or SH0 pure-mode guided waves were conducted to detect various types of composite damage, such as wrinkle damage in the crossply composite plate, multilayer delaminations by Teflon inserts, and actual impact damage in the thick quasi-isotropic composite plate. A significant amplitude drop was observed due to the presence of different composite damage types. In addition, a linear scanning method using pure SH0 wave was also developed to estimate the sizes of delaminations and impact damage. Both numerical and experimental results demonstrated the validity and usefulness of the proposed method for the detection of various damage types in composites.
Impact of mail order pharmacy use and travel time to pharmacy on viral suppression among people living with HIV.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mail order pharmacy services and travel time to pharmacy on HIV viral suppression rates among people living with HIV. For adult patients receiving HIV car...
ULTRAVIOLET RAYLEIGH SCATTER IMAGING FOR SPATIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN ATMOSPHERIC MICRODISCHARGES

Abstract : Spatially resolved temperature measurements within a microdischarge in atmospheric pressure air have been conducted using Rayleigh scattering of a pulsed ultraviolet laser. Scattering intensity images were used to generate a radial profile of translational temperature, with the analysis based on the ideal gas inverse relationship of temperature and gas density. Rayleigh scattering results were compared to standard optical emission spectral analyses of N2 second positive system bands, where the calculated rotational temperatures from emission were in reasonable agreement with the Rayleigh translational temperature profiles.
Bulges in nucleic acids

Abstract Bulges are important structural elements in RNA and DNA. Progress has been made in defining the sequence dependence of the structure and stability of bulges; however, the molecular interactions responsible for these sequence effects are not yet completely understood.
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY: A MULTITECHNIQUE APPROACH TO SURFACE ANALYSIS.

The combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) promises to provide a powerful new approach both to quantitative analysis of surface composition and to the elucidationof surface molecular structure. In this work, we have tested our ultrahigh vacuum XPS/SIMS system to characterize a variety of metal, alloy, and metal oxygen surfaces. We report on the examination of clean silver surfaces where ions of clusters up to Ag n + where n = I to 5 have been observed. Studies have also been carried out on iron/ruthenium catalyst surfaces and on clean indium foils exposed to controlled doses of oxygen. In general, we have tried to illustrate the advantages of this combined technique.
Hawks and Doves: Adjusting for Bias in Residency Interview Scoring.

Purpose Individual interviews are an important part of the residency interview process. Programs may use these scores to calculate rankings used in the match process. Individual interviewers can introduce bias by consistently scoring candidates higher or lower than their peers. The order of interview or year of interview also has the potential to introduce bias. This study seeks to determine if interviewers or timing introduces bias into interview scores and to provide a method to adjust for this bias. Methods Interview scores at a single general surgery residency program were obtained over 3 years. The mean interview score and standard error were calculated for each interviewer. The difference in average score between years and by order of interview was evaluated with a linear mixed model. Individual interviewer mean scores were ranked from lowest scores to highest scores. Each candidate's interview score was then plotted against the combined rank of their respective interviewers and significance was calculated for linear regression. The average deviation of each interviewer was calculated to obtain an adjustment score individualized for each interviewer. Results One thousand three hundred and five interview scores from 91 interviewers were included in the analysis. Interview scoring ranged from 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest). The average score was 3.35 (standard deviation [SD] 0.56). The interviewers conducted an average of 14 (SD 11.4) interviews during the study period. Each interviewer averaged 8.25 interviews per year (SD 5). There was no difference in scores by year (p = 0.20) or by order of interview (p = 0.33). Plotting average applicant score against rank of interviewers revealed a variance between the lowest scoring and highest scoring interviewers revealing a progressive bias (see Figure 3; p Conclusions In a large cohort of residency interviewers, interview scores demonstrated significant interviewer bias. This bias has the potential to significantly alter an applicant's rank list position. An adjustment score can be calculated to reduce this bias in interview scores. Prospective validation of this adjustment will be helpful in determining its utility in candidate ranking.
Questions and Discussions

(1916). Questions and Discussions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 88-92.
Strategies to enhance pediatric clinical trial participation: A systematic review with narrative synthesis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Recruitment has been identified as a key barrier to conducting pediatric trials. However, no current guidelines have been used for evidence-based strategies to optimize the recruitment of children. In this review, we identify and codify strategies to enhance pediatric clinical trial participation in the current literature for future study in implementation trials. METHODS Searches were conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they focused on improving recruitment of children <18 years of age into clinical trials and were published prior to December 1, 2020. Data extracted included information on study design, recruitment population, key recruitment strategy recommendations, and motivators and barriers of trial participation. RESULTS Out of the 80 included studies, strategies proposed to increase pediatric clinical trial participation were extremely varied in terms of strategy type and level of evidence. None of these studies were pediatric dermatology specific. We categorized strategies into the following groups: protocol development/pre-trial planning, trial marketing, educational tools, communication strategies, community involvement, incentives, or structural changes. CONCLUSIONS We identified and codified strategies reported in the literature for increasing pediatric recruitment and found that few are evidence-based. Investigators should consider incorporating strategies to enhance recruitment in each stage of clinical trial conduct and tailor recruitment techniques to the specific population of interest. While some strategies should be employed broadly, others could benefit from further study in implementation trials to determine their comparative effectiveness in recruiting different groups of children.
The ingestion of calcium in female and male rats

Three facts are reported. Need-free calcium intake is greater in virgin female rats than in male rats. Adult gonadectomy does not change this phenomenon. Both male and female rats display a greater avidity for calcium when they are calcium-deprived for the first time. The enhanced need-free ingestion of calcium in the female has its roots, perhaps, in the need for calcium that the female faces during pregnancy and lactation when she suffers calcium loss.
What Role Should the Federal Government Play in Consumer Protection

The purpose of these remarks is to comment on and to reinforce many of the points made by Professor Neilson in his "Comment on the Recent Federal Proposals for the Rationalization of Trade Practices Regulation in Canada". More broadly, I would like to take this opportunity to reflect on the motives and agenda of the current policies and constitutional reform proposals which address the role which the federal government should play in consumer protection generally.
Internet Bandwidth Upgrade: Implications on Performance and Usage in Rural Zambia

Broadband Internet access has become a critical part of socioeconomic prosperity; however, only six in 100 inhabitants have access to broadband in developing countries. This limited access is driven predominately by subscriptions in urban areas. In rural developing communities, access is often provided through slow satellite or other low-bandwidth long-distance wireless links, if available at all. As a result, the quality of Internet access is often poor and, at times, unusable. In this article we study the performance and usage implications of an Internet access upgrade, from a 256 Kbps satellite link to a 2 Mbps terrestrial wireless link in rural Zambia. While usage did not immediately change, performance improved soon after the upgrade. By three months post-upgrade, subscribers began to use the faster connection for more bandwidth-hungry applications such as video streaming and content upload. This change in use resulted in a dramatic deterioration of network performance, whereby the average round-trip time doubled, the number of bytes associated with failed uploads increased by 222% and failed downloads by 91%. Due to this deteriorated performance, the use of more bandwidth-hungry applications as observed three months post-upgrade did not persist over the long term. As uploads became largely unsuccessful, users stopped initiating uploads and, instead, switched to using the increased capacity for heavier downloads. Thus, while an Internet access upgrade should translate to improved performance and user experience, in rural environments with limited access speed and growing demand, it can bring unexpected consequences.
Water, Rivers and Creeks

Luna B. Leopold's intent in Water, Rivers and Creeks was to provide a nontechnical primer on hydrology and water resources, and he succeeded admirably. The terse style is reminiscent of the mystery writer Mickey Spillane, though the content is complex science expounded in simple terms. “Part I, Hydrology and Morphology,” makes up the first two thirds of the book, and in this section, Leopold develops hydrologic and geomorphic concepts and principles using analogies with items common to any household. Garden hoses, dishpans, bath tubs, and sieves provide illuminating examples of the effects of channel storage on stream flow, water tables and the movement of groundwater, sustainable yield and the storage equation, and the infiltration/percolation process.
Rapid induction of sodium appetite modifies taste-evoked activity in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract

Sodium-deprived rats develop a salt appetite and show changes in gustatory responses to NaCl in the periphery and brain stem; salt-sensitive neurons respond less to hypertonic NaCl than do corresponding cells in replete controls. By administering DOCA and renin, we generated a need-free sodium appetite quickly enough to permit us to monitor the activity of individual neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract before and after its creation, permitting a more powerful within-subjects design. Subjects received DOCA pretreatment followed by an intracerebroventricular infusion of renin. In animals that were tested behaviorally, this resulted in elevated intake of 0.5 M NaCl. In neural recordings, renin caused decreased responding to hypertonic NaCl across all neurons and in the salt-sensitive neurons that were most responsive to NaCl before infusion. Most sugar-sensitive cells, in contrast, gave increased phasic responses to NaCl. These results confirm that sodium appetite is accompanied by decreased responding to NaCl in salt-sensitive neurons, complemented by increased activity in sugar-sensitive cells, even when created rapidly and independently of need.
Fibrous Glass Board as a Standard Reference Material for Thermal Resistance Measurement Systems

Results of thermal measurements on over 300 pairs of fibrous glass board specimens, and statistical analysis of the data, are presented. This material is available as a Standard Reference Material (SRM) from the Office ofStandard Reference Materials, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234. Considerations are discussed for effective use of this SRM in the calibration of measurement systems such as the guarded hot-plate and heat flow meter apparatuses.
Multiple Aromaticity, Multiple Antiaromaticity, and Conflicting Aromaticity in Planar Clusters

Abstract The possible types of σ-, π-, and δ-aromaticity, antiaromaticity, and conflicting aromaticity in small- and medium-sized planar clusters are discussed. We show that the electron counting rule for aromaticity/antiaromaticity (singlet coupling case) should be applied separately for each of delocalized σ-, π-, and δ-system present in the cluster. If the aromatic subsystem includes radial and tangential parts, for example, σ-aromaticity/antiaromaticity based on p-atomic orbitals (AOs) and π-aromaticity/antiaromaticity based on d-AOs, the counting rules for cyclic structures with even number of vertices are 4 n + 4(aromaticity)/4 n + 6(antiaromaticity) and for cyclic structures with odd number of vertices they are 4 n + 2(aromaticity)/4 n (antiaromaticity). We also demonstrate that in boron, carbon, and borocarbon clusters the chemical bonding model should necessarily include the presence of 2c–2e B–B, C–C, and B–C peripheral bonds, respectively, in addition to the delocalized bonding. The delocalized bonding can be classified as multiple aromatic, multiple antiaromatic, and conflicting aromatic. The globally antiaromatic systems could also be treated as systems with island aromaticity. We believe that the peripheral 2c–2e C–C, B–C, and B–B bonds are responsible for the stability and planarity or quasi-planarity of medium carbon, boron, and borocarbon clusters. When lone pairs are encountered instead of 2c–2e peripheral bonds, the deviation from planarity occurs in favor of three-dimensional structures. Aluminum and silicon clusters illustrate this point of view, because they become three-dimensional as their size increases beyond five and four atoms, respectively. At this moment, we believe that the chemical bonding model for the planar clusters is well developed and can be used to explain the structure, stability, reactivity, and other cluster properties.
Impurity effect, degeneracy, and topological invariant in the quantum Hall effect

We discuss the periodic boundary condition, degeneracy of the ground state, impurity effect, and topological invariant in the quantum Hall effect. If a two-dimensional electron Hall system with a uniform background is confined on a toroidal geometry, the ground state is q-fold degenerate at filling factor \ensuremath{\nu}=p/q when there is an energy gap \ensuremath{\Delta}. Weak impurities make the ground state quasi- degenerate. If the driving force of the Hall current has some low but finite speed, or the applied electric field has some finite frequency \ensuremath{\omega} satisfying ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{i}$\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\Delta} where ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{i}$ characterizes the effect of impurities, the Hall conductance is still expressed in the first Chern number on the torus. An explicit calculation shows that the weak impurities do not change this topological invariant.
Chemical Structures of Sooting CH3CI/CH4/O2/Ar and CH4/O2/ Ar Flames

Abstract A comparative study of the chemical structures of sooting, atmospheric-pressure, laminar, flat-flames of CH3Cl/CH4 were investigated using micro-probe sampling coupled with on-line mass spectrometry. In the presence of chlorine, the earlier and more abundant formation of CO, C2H2 and C2H4 were noted. The major reaction pathways responsible for the destruction of the fuels, and the formation and destruction of some of the intermediates are discussed.
Parental ratings of behavioral adjustment in two samples of adopted Chinese girls: Age-related versus socio-emotional correlates and predictors

Parental ratings of 695 adopted Chinese girls' internalizing, externalizing, and total problem behaviors were analyzed in 4 stages to: (1) Compare adjustment profiles of Chinese adoptee samples with relevant US normative data; (2) analyze age differences in behavioral adjustment differences of Chinese adoptees; (3) examine interrelationships among the 3 behavior problem scores and child's age at adoption, current age, pre-adoption neglect, and post-adoption initial rejection behaviors; and (4) explore the degree to which the 4 child-level independent variables worked individually or collectively to predict behavioral adjustment outcomes. Chinese adoptees had better adjustment scores than normative samples from the U.S. Preschool-age adoptees had better adjustment scores than school-age adoptees. No relationships were observed between the age-related variables and behavioral adjustment measures. However, pre-adoption neglect and post-adoption initial rejection behaviors were predictors of behavioral adjustment scores. The implications of these findings for future research, clinical practice and parenting education were discussed.
Solvent-dependent vibrational frequencies and reorganization energies of two merocyanine chromophores.

Absorption and resonance Raman spectra have been measured over a wide range of solvents for two merocyanine dyes containing the indoline (“Fischer” base) electron donor group with different accepting groups. One appears to be near the cyanine limit (equal contributions of the neutral and zwitterionic resonance forms to both ground- and excited-state structures) based on electrooptic absorption data showing a very small dipole moment change upon electronic excitation. The resonance Raman spectra of both molecules show significant frequency shifts and intensity redistributions that evolve monotonically with increasing solvent polarity and are consistent with increasing zwitterionic character of the ground-state structure. The vibrational reorganization energies of both molecules, obtained by simulating the absorption band shapes, are smaller in polar solvents than in nonpolar or weakly polar ones, consistent with a more cyanine-like structure at higher solvent polarities. However, the vibrational reorganiza...
Metadamping in Dissipative Metamaterials

Using a generalized form of Bloch’s theorem, we derive the dispersion relation of a viscously damped locally resonant metamaterial modeled as an infinite mass-in-mass lumped parameter chain. For comparison, we obtain the dispersion relation for a statically equivalent Bragg-scattering mass-spring chain that is also viscously damped. For the two chains, we prescribe identical damping levels in the dashpots and compare the damping ratio associated with all propagating Bloch modes. We find that the locally resonant metamaterial exhibits higher dissipation throughout the spectrum which indicates a damping emergence phenomena due to the presence of local resonance. This phenomenon, which we define as metadamping, provides a new paradigm for the design of material systems that display both high damping and high stiffness. We conclude our investigation by quantifying the degree of metadamping as a function of the long-wave speed of sound in the medium or the static stiffness.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Current concepts in the management of maxillofacial infections

There have been many advances in the management of head and neck infections since we last edited a Clinics of North America issue on this subject more than 10 years ago. New classes of antimicrobial agents, noninvasive imaging techniques, improved culturing methods, and a clearer understanding of the normal and pathologic functioning of the immune system are just some of the changes that have occurred. These and other technologic advances have enhanced dramatically our ability to diagnose and treat these infections rapidly and accurately. As a result, the incidence of serious morbidity and mortality from odontogenic infections has fallen significantly over the years. It should be noted, however, that vigilance regarding research and technologic change must be maintained. Just as we have made many advances in the management of these infections, an equal number of new and serious issues have arisen to test our resolve. Newly recognized bacterial and viral strains, the effects of global antibiotic resistance to once universally effective agents, viral mutations, ‘‘flesh eating’’ bacteria causing necrotizing fasciitis, currently untreatable catastrophic infections, such as those caused by the Ebola virus, and even biologic warfare and bioterrorism have emerged as important issues over the last 10 years, and articles about these issues flood the public news media and professional journals almost daily. In some cases we even have created new sources of infection ourselves by developing environments conducive to bacterial growth, such as around implants. In this issue of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, we have attempted to address some of the important and topical areas of knowledge in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases that practicing oral and maxillofacial surgeons face. Some articles examine new areas of interest, such as peri-implantitis and infections associated with facial skin resurfacing, whereas others provide timely updates of our understanding of continually evolving topics, such as HIV/AIDS, chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, selection and use of antibiotics, and the changing microbiology of infections of the head and neck. The impressive ability of bacteria and viruses to adapt, change, and mutate in response to our pharmacologic bombardment is a testimony to the complex, surreptitious, and unpredictable nature of these small yet hardy microbes. For every new drug we formulate, resistance develops to an older and oftenused one. For every organism that we eradicate, another one suddenly emerges to take its place. To those of us in the clinical trenches, it seems that we
Analysis of cyclopropenoid fatty acids by Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract The cyclopropene fatty acids that occur in lipids of the cotton plant and other species of the order Malvales are responsible for a number of adverse biological effects subsequent to dietary consumption. Analyzing for these compounds in plant materials is complicated by their instability and lack of specific chemical reactivity. Raman spectroscopy, which takes advantage of an isolated strong band at 1870 cm −1 associated with the cyclopropene double bond, provides a direct method for determination of these cyclopropenoids as components of lipid mixtures at levels down to 0.03%. No derivatization or chemical treatment is required and sample preparation is uncomplicated.
Motion of the Sun with respect to the Galaxies and the Kinematics of the Local Supercluster

The directions toward which the Sun and our galaxy are moving in space change rapidly, with increasing distance of the galaxies used as a reference frame. This effect, which is a manifestation of the kinematics of the local supercluster, has an important bearing on the derivation of the Hubble constant.
Mechanism and Selectivity in Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Halides with Alkyl Halides

The direct cross-coupling of two different electrophiles, such as an aryl halide with an alkyl halide, offers many advantages over conventional cross-coupling methods that require a carbon nucleophile. Despite its promise as a versatile synthetic strategy, a limited understanding of the mechanism and origin of cross selectivity has hindered progress in reaction development and design. Herein, we shed light on the mechanism for the nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl halides with alkyl halides and demonstrate that the selectivity arises from an unusual catalytic cycle that combines both polar and radical steps to form the new C–C bond.
Computer Management in a Substance Abuse Resource Center

This paper describes the use of computers to manage the Connecticut Clearinghouse, a resource center on alcohol and other drugs. Software packages were used to manage information on resources; to d...
Nonperturbative methods and extended-hadron models in field theory. II. Two-dimensional models and extended hadrons

We discuss the application of semiclassical quantization methods to two-dimensional model field theories for which exact nontrivial classical solutions are known analytically. This yields results which cannot be reached by ordinary perturbation methods. In particular, we obtain extended objects which can be considered as prototypes for hadrons. We study their quantum corrections and renormalization. We also develop a method for including fermions.
Protecting children from toxic exposure: Three strategies

To a toxicologist, "poisonings" are cases in which the child has a defined pattern of symptoms, corresponding to toxic effects at a mid to high level of exposure. "Toxicity" refers to a broader spectrum of effects. At lower levels of toxicity a child may have no specific, individual symptoms but may be affected subclinically. There are three basic strategies to protect children: individual intervention, the preventive medicine strategy, and the public health strategy. This article uses lead exposure as a model for discussing these differences in terminology and the three different protective strategies.
Guideline for prevention of intravascular-device-related infections

The “Guideline for Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections” is designed to reduce the incidence of intravascular device-related infections by providing an over view of the evidence for recommendations considered prudent by consensus of Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisor y Committee (HICPAC) members. This two-part document updates and replaces the previously published Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Guideline for Intravascular Infections (Am J Infect Control 1983;11:183-199). Part I, “Intravascular Device-Related Infections: An Over view” discusses many of the issues and controversies in intravascular-device use and maintenance. These issues include definitions and diagnosis of catheter-related infection, appropriate barrier precautions during catheter insertion, inter vals for replacement of catheters, intravenous (IV) fluids and administration sets, catheter-site care, the role of specialized IV personnel, and the use of prophylactic antimi-crobials, flush solutions, and anticoagulants. Part II, “Recommendations for Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections” provides consensus recommendations of the HICPAC for the prevention and control of intravascular device-related infections. A working draft of this document also was reviewed by experts in hospital infection control, internal medicine, pediatrics, and intravenous therapy. However, all recommendations contained in the guideline may not reflect the opinion of all reviewers.
Word definition in adolescents as a function of reading proficiency: a research note

The ability to define words with accuracy and precision can enhance the clarity of spoken and written communication in literate contexts. Thirty-six adolescents (mean age = 15;1) were asked to define 16 abstract nouns (e.g. burden, gratitude, friendship) in writing. Students who were strong readers (n = 18) outperformed those who were weak readers (n = 18) in providing definitions that were accurate, precise, and informative, reflecting the essential meaning of a term. Implications for instruction in word definition are offered for speech-language pathologists working collaboratively with classroom teachers.
Great expectations and the reality of university computing resources

“My boss wants this budget set up on the computer by Friday and I don't know anything about budgets, or Lotus, or computers!” A little over a year ago, these hysterics coming from a user were a common scene at the Information Resource Center (IRC), the end-user service branch of Computer and Information Resources and Technology (CIRT) at the University of New Mexico. Users would come in with unrealistic deadlines assigned by their bosses, who, in turn, had unrealistic expectations of both their employees' skills and computer technology in general. Often, we had the added problem of dealing with a user who was using unsupported hardware and/or software.An IRC consultant, feeling sorry for the frantic employee, would then spend hours bailing out the employee by actually (in this case) designing the spreadsheet and meeting the employee's deadline. The end result of the consultant's effort was usually mediocre because of the time constraints and because the employee did not have the necessary skills, such a accounting in this case, to work with the consultant to make full use of the technology.In the aftermath, everyone lost. The consultant wasted valuable time, the employee didn't learn anything and probably was alienated by the technology, and the boss most likely was not happy with the end product or the employee, and he/she blamed the IRC consultant for the poor results.
Perceptions of Women's Roles Among Community College Women:

This article explores dimensions and correlates of attitudes toward appropriate sex-based behavior and sex-related issues among college-age and adult women at a public community college. Ninety-eight women averaging age 18.5 and 111 women averaging 39 years of age completed closed-ended questionnaires. Factor analysis revealed three primary attitude dimensions: sex-specific activities (attitudes toward activities appropriate for males and females); woman's movement and ERA (attitudes toward participants in the woman's movement and ERA); and fundamental differences between sex roles (attitudes toward the genesis and propriety of divisions of labor between the sexes). Correlations between dimensions were slight to moderate, and lower for returning women than for young women. Returning women are significantly more traditional on the third dimension and slightly, but not significantly, more egalitarian on the first two dimensions. Correlation and multiple-regression analyses confirm the importance of participation in the woman's movement in explaining attitudes; sociopolitical variables explain little of the observed variance. It is suggested that women returning to school may enhance support for feminist beliefs.
Metabolic Adaptation in Developing Lung

We have carried out studies using rat lung slices showing that the developing lung utilizes both glucose and fatty acids as oxidative substrates. Glucose oxidation to CO2 decreased at birth but showed higher activity after weaning. The activity of the pentose phosphate pathway also decreased postnatally. In contrast to glucose, the oxidation of palmitate and caprate to CO2 showed an increase in the immediate postnatal period. Cytochrome oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase showed a parallel postnatal increase following the increase in fatty acid oxidation. Cytochrome oxidase activity in adult lung was approximately 30% of peak newborn values. Palmitate incorporation into total lipids was greatest at 18 to 19 days of fetal development, at which time the lung content of nonesterified fatty acids was highest.
Unusual endometrial stromal cell changes mimicking metastatic carcinoma.

Summary We report an unusual histopathologic finding in the endometrium from six premenopausal or perimenopausal patients who underwent biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding. In each case the endometrial stromal cells focally exhibited a pronounced epithelioid appearance; some showed a cord-like trabecular pattern and others a signet-ring-like cell change. All raised the possibility of a metastatic malignancy, particularly from the breast. The epithelioid appearance of the stromal cells appears to be an unusual artifact occurring in a background of secretory change and predecidualization with nonmenstrual breakdown.
Role of superoxide and thromboxane receptors in acute angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction of rabbit vessels

This study explored the hypothesis that a portion of angiotensin II-induced contractions is dependent on superoxide generation and release of a previously unidentified arachidonic acid metabolite that activates vascular smooth muscle thromboxane receptors. Treatment of rabbit aorta or mesentery artery with the thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ29548 (10 μM) reduced angiotensin II-induced contractions (maximal contraction in aorta; control vs. SQ29548: 134 ± 16 vs. 93 ± 10%). A subset of rabbits deficient in vascular thromboxane receptors also displayed decreased contractions to angiotensin II. The superoxide dismutase mimetic Tiron (30 mM) attenuated angiotensin II-induced contractions only in rabbits with functional vascular thromboxane receptors (maximal contraction in aorta; control vs. Tiron: 105 ± 5 vs. 69 ± 11%). Removal of the endothelium or treatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitro-l-arginine (30 μM) did not alter angiotensin II-induced contractions. Tiron and SQ29548 decreased angiotensin II-induced contractions in the denuded aortas by a similar percentage as that observed in intact vessels. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 μM) or thromboxane synthase inhibitor dazoxiben (10 μM) had no effect on angiotensin II-induced contractions indicating that the vasoconstrictor was not thromboxane. Angiotensin II increased the formation of a 15-series isoprostane. Isoprostanes are free radical-derived products of arachidonic acid. The unidentified isoprostane increased when vessels were incubated with the superoxide-generating system xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Pretreatment of rabbit aorta with the isoprostane isolated from aortic incubations enhanced angiotensin II-induced contractions. Results suggest the factor activating thromboxane receptors and contributing to angiotensin II vasoconstriction involves the superoxide-mediated generation of a 15-series isoprostane.
Copper(II) complexes of β-phenethylamine and mescaline

Abstract The synthesis and complete characterization of certain hitherto unreported copper(II) complexes of β-phenethylamine and mescaline are described. The nature of the bonding in, and the structures of, these complexes are deduced on the basis of electronic and infrared spectral data, mass spectra, and molar conductivity measurements.
N‐ and L‐type calcium channel involvement in depolarization‐induced suppression of inhibition in rat hippocampal CA1 cells

1. We investigated depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) under whole-cell voltage clamp in CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slices. DSI, a transient reduction in monosynaptic evoked GABAAergic IPSCs lasting for approximately 1 min, was induced by depolarizing the pyramidal cell to -10 or 0 mV for 1 or 2 s. 2. Raising extracellular Ca2+ concentration increased DSI, and varying the DSI-inducing voltage step showed that the voltage dependence of DSI was like that of high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. 3. The P- and Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker omega-agatoxin TK (200 nM and 1 microM) and the R- and T-type Ca2+ channel blocker Ni2+ (100 microM) reduced IPSCs without reducing DSI. 4. The specific N-type Ca2+ channel antagonist omega-conotoxin GVIA (250 nM) reduced IPSC amplitudes and almost completely abolished DSI. 5. Blocking L-type Ca2+ channels with nifedipine (10 microM) had no effect on IPSCs or DSI induced by our standard protocol, but reduced DSI induced by the unclamped Na+- and Ca2+-dependent spikes that occurred when 2(triethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (QX-314) was omitted from the recording pipette solution. 6. Although intracellular Ca2+ stores were not measured, DSI was not affected by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 20-40 microM), a blocker of Ca2+ uptake into intracellular stores. 7. We conclude that DSI is initiated by Ca2+ influx through N- and, under certain conditions, L-type Ca2+ channels.
Majorana Feynman rules

Nontrivial relative-sign ambiguities are pointed out in previous statements of the Feynman rules for field theories containing Majorana fermions. New graphical rules which resemble those for Dirac fermions in their natural association of momentum and fermion flows are proposed that have only those signature problems normally expected for fermions. The new rules utilize only the conventional fermion propagator and involve vertices without appended charge-conjugation matrices. The number of two-Majorana--boson vertices is reduced from six to two.
Communication performance and communication satisfaction: What do we teach our students?

This study sought to determine the communicative skills students perceive as socially satisfying. The goal of this line of research is to identify specific communicative skills that, ultimately, can be targeted for classroom remediation strategies. Participants were 212 student dyads. Self and other reports of the Communicator Style Measure (Norton, 1978) and the Communicative Ability Scale (1983) served as predictors of Communication Satisfaction (Hecht, 1978a). Results indicated that the skills most predictive of communication satisfaction were those that demonstrated an “other orientation.”; Social confirmation and attentiveness were the best discriminators of high and low communication satisfaction. Further, consistent with previous research, other‐reports of communicative performance were stronger predictors of communication satisfaction than were self‐reports of performance. Implications regarding future research and classroom activities are discussed.
Propagation of St. Louis encephalitis virus in cells of the Ehrlich ascitic tumor of mice.

SummaryThe virus of St. Louis encephalitis has been propagated in serial passage in the Ehrlich carcinoma of mice. The optimal conditions for the multiplication of the agent have been determined and relatively high viral titers have been obtained in the ascitic fluid. Some evidence suggesting a slight oncolytic effect has been obtained.
Screening and treating subclinical thyroid disease: getting past the impasse.

In this issue, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to guide screening for thyroid dysfunction in nonpregnant, asymptomatic adults. The editor...