cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutron activation analysis of rhenium in rocks after preliminary extraction with acetone

A preconcentrating neutron activation method for determination of rhenium in rocks is described. The preconcentration is based on a preliminary extraction separation with acetone. The chemical recovery is determined by an isotope tracer technique using186Re. The method has been applied to the determination of rhenium in rock samples and extended to more complex systems. Rhenium content is in the range of 1≈10 ppb.
Know when to walk away: contingent movement and the evolution of cooperation.

Abstract Models of the evolution of cooperation suggest that an important characteristic of successful strategies is the ability to respond contingently to the social environment. A number of mechanisms by which this can be accomplished have been suggested, some of which require relatively complex information processing systems. This research explores relaxing the requirements on information processing while preserving the evolvability of a cooperative strategy. The agent-based computer simulations reported here show that ‘Walk Away,’ a behavioral rule of extremely limited complexity (move after partner defects), can outperform more complex strategies under a number of conditions. Previous simulations of exit strategies have not examined the effect of implicit and explicit movement costs, different error rates, or the simultaneous presence of TFT and PAVLOV. The simulations reported here establish that the Walk Away strategy resists invasion and can invade a population of defectors at a lower initial frequency than any other strategy. The Walk Away strategy was successful, despite its simplicity, because it exploited aspects of the physical and social environment.
Spread and down-slope flow of negatively buoyant clouds

Abstract The literature on negatively buoyant clouds (dense gas clouds) deals mostly with instantaneous releases and level ground. This paper shows the relation between the instantaneous release formulae and those for a cloud formed from a continuous source and shows the estimated downhill drift velocity.
The effect of interfaces on the mechanical behaviour of multilayered metallic laminates

The mechanical response of multilayered metallic laminates is dominated by size effects through the confinement of dislocation motion within the layers. We deconvolute the contributions to the plastic behaviour resulting from dislocation–dislocation interactions and dislocation–interface interactions, using discrete dislocation dynamics and atomistic simulations. Upper and lower bounds for the material strength are found by considering two limiting cases for the influence of the interfaces: hard and shearable. Hard interfaces, preserving interfacial dislocations, are shown to significantly increase the strength of the multilayered metallic laminates, whereas a deformable interface results in lesser hardening. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the {1 1 1}Cu ∥ {1 1 0}Nb Cu/Nb interface response lies between these two cases. Additionally, the plastic response of Cu/Nb multilayered metallic laminates is studied and shown to be isotropic due to an effect of averaging among layers, despite the plastic anisotropy of the respective layer materials.
TMJD 3: a genetic vulnerability disorder with strong CNS involvement.

Most practicing dentists perceive the subject of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases and disorders (TMJDs) as one of controversy, fueled by intense arguments about the relationship between the dental occlusion and the state of health of the masticatory system. Will dentistry ever again be able to think freely about this matter? How will we unravel the etiopathogenesis of the TMJDs when faced with strong convictions and consumed by an emotionally charged debate? When are negative results about the link between the occlusion and TMJDs sufficient to examine alternative lines of inquiry of the pathogenesis of TMJDs? How will we ever be in a position to isolate and reevaluate the uncomfortable factual irregularities that do not fit the prevailing explanatory models of TMJDs? How can one practice according to the evidence if the evidence is not predicted by the popular models of disease causation? It appears that we have reached a stage in understanding where the original literature needs to be reassessed based on BMethods and Materials[ and BResults[ rather than the motivations and constructs expressed in the BIntroduction[ and BDiscussion[ sections. Influenced by powerful trends in science at-large, the field of TMJD is at a point where it is expected that traditional concepts will rapidly loose appeal and that the field of TMJD will gain significant new momentum.
African American and poor patients have a dramatically worse prognosis for head and neck cancer: an examination of 20,915 patients.

BACKGROUND. Differences in cancer survival based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) are a major issue. To identify points of intervention and improve survival, the authors sought to determine the impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status for patients with cancers of the head and neck (HN). METHODS. HN cancer patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2002 were examined using a linked Florida Cancer Data System and Florida Agency for Health Care Administration data set. RESULTS. A total of 20,915 patients with HN cancers were identified, predominantly in the oral cavity and larynx. Overall, 72% of patients were male, 89.7% were white, 8.4% were African American (AA), and 10.6% were Hispanic. The median survival time (MST) was 37 months. MST varied significantly by race (white, 40 months vs AA, 21 months; P < .001), sex (men, 36 months vs women, 41 months; P 5 .001), and area poverty level (lowest, 27 months vs highest, 34 months; P < .0001). Only 32% of AA patients underwent surgery in comparison with 45% of white patients (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of poorer outcomes were race, poverty, age, sex, tumor site, stage, grade, treatment modality, and a history of smoking and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS. Carcinomas of the HN have an overall high mortality with a disproportionate impact on AA patients and the poor. Dramatic disparities by race and SES are not explained completely by demographics, comorbid conditions, or undertreatment. Earlier diagnosis and greater access to surgery and adjuvant therapies in these patients would likely yield significant improvement in outcomes. Cancer 2008;113:2797–806. � 2008 American Cancer Society.
Streptococcus moves inward

A common bacterium, group A Streptococcus, mysteriously causes a range of diseases from benign strep throat to 'flesh-eating' wounds. The difference between pharyngeal and invasive disease is now traced to mutations in two regulatory genes.
Report of the CIMERC/Drexel University Emergency Department Terrorism Preparedness Consensus Panel

This report describes the consensus recommendations of an expert panel convened to develop recommendations for a hospital-based emergency department (ED) to attain a minimal level of preparedness necessary to respond to mass casualty events derived from the use of weapons of mass destruction. The recommendations were created for use by hospital-based EDs of a variety of sizes and locations (urban, suburban, or rural). The disasters that were considered included those that are biological, chemical, or radiological. The panel focused on preparation for a single disaster that could generate 250-500 total patients in 24-48 hours. This number included asymptomatic, exposed, and symptomatic patients. The panel chose not to address circumstances where a small number of patients with an infectious disease are seen in one or a few hospitals. In addition, the panel believed that preparation of a single hospital for an overwhelming mass casualty situation (e.g., 10,000 patients) would not be broadly applicable and would not be required for an individual ED to "minimally prepared." Prior to the convening of this consensus panel, in June 2002, a search of all relevant agencies found no comprehensive, published, validated recommendations for preparedness for individual EDs. Although several agencies had released information on disaster management, clinical diagnosis and treatment tools, and training, no agency had produced a comprehensive list of items and issues that individual EDs must consider when preparing for a terrorist attack. The current report attempts to fill this void in information regarding ED preparedness.
Evolution of the Destin Dome, offshore Florida, north-eastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Structural and stratigraphic relationships indicated by seismic reflection data suggest that uplift of the Destin Dome anticline resulted mainly from salt movement during Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic time. A thick succession of Lower Cretaceous sediment was deposited in the central part of the basin seaward of the present day Destin Dome. Sediment loading squeezed the salt both updip onto the shelf and downdip into the basin. A step in the pre-salt basement limited movement of salt and controlled the location of the dome. Vertical movement of salt was accommodated by extensional faulting. During the Early Cenozoic, sediment touchdown onto the pre-salt basement formed a salt weld between the anticline and the De Soto Canyon diapir field, cut off the supply of salt and stopped growth of the structure. The minimum accumulation thickness of the ‘mother’ salt is estimated to be 760 m and the original volume of salt deposited at the present day location of the Destin Dome anticline on the Florida shelf is estimated to be 1000 km3. The volume of salt in place today is in excess of 2300 km3.
Humbert Humbert’s Use of Catullus 58 in Lolita

Five times in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita the narrator, Humbert Humbert, uses a particular poetic phrasing in evoking his "nymphet," Dolores "Lolita" Haze.' After Humbert describes first meeting Dolores, his landlady's daughter, he tells the reader that "this nouvelle, this Lolita, my Lolita, was to eclipse completely her prototype [Humbert's childhood love 'Annabel Lee']" (p. 42). In his diary he writes, "she, this Lolita, my Lolita, has individualized the writer's ancient lust . . ." (p. 47). When Humbert knows that Lolita soon will leave for summer camp, he describes the nymphet and comments that when she matures "that Lolita, my Lolita, poor Catullus would lose forever" (pp. 67-68). After her mother dies, Humbert and the orphan begin an affair, and he warns Lolita that if he goes to jail for statutory rape "my Lolita, this Lolita will leave her Catullus and go [to a correctional school or reformatory], as the wayward girl you are" (p. 153). At the climax of the book, his confrontation with the married Lolita when he finally reveals the depth of his feelings for her, he writes, "I insist the world know how much I loved my Lolita, this Lolita . . ." (p. 280). While Alfred Appel notes simply that Humbert is echoing "Catullus's evocation of his enchanting Lesbia,"2 the reference in each of the five instances above is specifically to the first line-and-a-half of Catullus 58, a poem that records the degradation of the Roman poet's former love, Lesbia: Caeli, Lesbia nostra, Lesbia illa, illa, Lesbia, quam Catullus unam plus quam se atque suos amavit omnes, nunc in quadriviis et angiportis glubit magnanimos Remi nepotes.3
Vasculitis in Systemic Sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multiorgan connective tissue disease characterized by autoantibody production and fibroproliferative stenosis of the microvasculature. The vascoluopathy associated with SSc is considered to be noninflammatory, yet frank vasculitis can complicate SSc, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here, we have reviewed the literature for reports of small-, medium-, and large-vessel vasculitis occurring in SSc. Amongst 88 reported cases of vasculitis in SSc, patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis appear to present a unique subclass in that they combined typical features of SSc with the renal manifestation of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Other vasculitic syndromes, including large-vessel vasculitis, Behcet's disease, cryoglobulinemia, and polyarteritis nodosa, are rarely encountered in SSc patients. ANCA-associated vasculitis needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis in SSc patients presenting with renal insufficiency, as renal manifestations may result from distinct disease processes and require appropriate diagnostic testing and treatment.
Climate economics for the masses

A layman's guide to climate economics leaves the average reader unable to distinguish mainstream theory from heterodoxy.
Expression of Factor VIII by Murine Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Factor VIII (fVIII) is the procoagulant plasma glycoprotein that is missing or decreased in hemophilia A. The cellular origin of fVIII synthesis is controversial. Liver transplantation cures hemophilia A, demonstrating that the liver is a major site of fVIII synthesis. We detected fVIII mRNA in purified populations of murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes, but not Kupffer cells. LSECs and hepatocytes contained comparable numbers of fVIII mRNA (40 and 70 transcripts per cell, respectively) by quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. There was not detectable mRNA for factor IX, a hepatocyte marker, in the LSEC preparation, nor was there detectable mRNA for von Willebrand factor, an endothelial cell marker, in the hepatocyte preparation. This excludes the possibility that detectable fVIII mRNA is due to cross-contamination in the hepatocyte or LSEC preparations. Primary cultures of LSECs were established in which fVIII mRNA levels were indistinguishable from purified LSECs. LSECs secreted active fVIII into the culture medium. This finding represents the first demonstration of homologous expression of fVIII mRNA and protein in cell culture and should facilitate studies of fVIII gene regulation. Additionally, LSECs potentially are targets for a fVIII transgene during gene therapy of hemophilia A.
Evaluation of maximal inspiratory pressure, tracheal airway occlusion pressure, and its ratio in the weaning outcome.

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive performance of maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), airway occlusion pressure (P 0.1), and its ratio (P 0.1/Pimax) in the weaning outcome. Materials and Methods Seventy patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, who fulfilled weaning criteria, were prospectively evaluated. Pimax less than −25 cm H 2 O, P 0.1 less than 4.2 cm H 2 O, and P 0.1/Pimax less than 0.14 were evaluated in all patients before spontaneous breathing trials. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the predictive performance of each index. Results Pimax presented the area under the ROC curves smaller than those for P 0.1 and P 0.1/Pimax (0.52 × 0.76 and 0.52 × 0.78; P = .004 and P = .0006, respectively), being the criteria of worst performance. P 0.1/Pimax presented excellent predictive performance in weaned patients, with sensitivity of 98.08, but with the area under the ROC curves only slightly larger than those for P 0.1 (0.78 × 0.76, respectively; P = .69). Conclusion In our study, P 0.1 and P 0.1/Pimax ratio were moderately accurate, whereas Pimax was less accurate in predicting the weaning outcome.
Cyclic imides IV. The reaction of some N-substituted nitrophthalimides with sodium methoxide†

Treatment of methyl 4-nitrophthalimidoacetate (I) with sodium methoxide in refluxing methanol results in a Gabriel-Colman rearrangement to give 7 - nitro-4-hydroxy-3-carbomethoxy-1(2H) - isoquinolone (II). Under the same conditions, N-substituted 3-nitrophthalimides (IV) yield N-substituted 3-methoxyphthalimides (V).
A simple optical index shows spatial and temporal heterogeneity in phytoplankton community composition during the 2008 North Atlantic Bloom Experiment

Abstract. The ratio of two in situ optical measurements – chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl F) and optical particulate backscattering (bbp) – varied with changes in phytoplankton community composition during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment in the Iceland Basin in 2008. Using ship-based measurements of Chl F, bbp, chlorophyll a (Chl), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigments, phytoplankton composition and carbon biomass, we found that oscillations in the ratio varied with changes in plankton community composition; hence we refer to Chl F/bbp as an "optical community index". The index varied by more than a factor of 2, with low values associated with pico- and nanophytoplankton and high values associated with diatom-dominated phytoplankton communities. Observed changes in the optical index were driven by taxa-specific chlorophyll-to-autotrophic carbon ratios and by physiological changes in Chl F associated with the silica limitation. A Lagrangian mixed-layer float and four Seagliders, operating continuously for 2 months, made similar measurements of the optical community index and followed the evolution and later demise of the diatom spring bloom. Temporal changes in optical community index and, by implication, the transition in community composition from diatom to post-diatom bloom communities were not simultaneous over the spatial domain surveyed by the ship, float and gliders. The ratio of simple optical properties measured from autonomous platforms, when carefully validated, provides a unique tool for studying phytoplankton patchiness on extended temporal scales and ecologically relevant spatial scales and should offer new insights into the processes regulating patchiness.
Nr-CAM: a cell adhesion molecule with ligand and receptor functions.

Nr-CAM Ng-CAM-related cell adhesion molecule) is expressed only in the nervous system on a subset of neurons and non-neuronal cells, including floor-plate cells in the spinal cord and Schwann cells. It is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and can bind by a homophilic mechanism but its heterophilic interactions may be of greater biological significance. Nr-CAM functions as a neuronal receptor for neurite-growth-promoting stimuli provided by contactin/F11, neurofascin, and RPTPβ. In addition, by binding to neuronal receptors such as axonin-1, it can modulate axonal guidance. Nr-CAM can also interact laterally with contactin/F11 within the plasma membrane in the form of a complex that may transmit signals to regulate axonal growth. This review summarizes the structure and expression of Nr-CAM and discusses its potential functions as a ligand and as a receptor during neural development.
Characterizing the 18 April 2002 storm-time sawtooth events using ground magnetic data

[1] Beginning during the last half of the main phase and extending for over 12 hours, the 18 April 2002 magnetic storm is dominated by sawtooth oscillations. We examine the ground magnetic signatures of these events at both high latitudes and low latitudes. The first immediate observation is that the magnetic signatures from one sawtooth to another can show considerable variation. Thus the current systems associated with these events show considerable variation in location, pattern, and strength from one oscillation to the next. The characteristics of the magnetic disturbance for each sawtooth has little to distinguish it from the typical substorm expansion magnetic disturbance field except that some of the sawteeth disturbance profiles are broader in local time than observed during typical substorms. The injection region determined from the energetic particle flux measurements at geostationary orbit is generally broad, extending across the entire tail and past the terminators into the dayside. The injection region is usually wider than the magnetic disturbance profile at the peak of the dipolarization. There appears to be no relationship between the magnetic disturbance profile and the location and strength of the injection boundary. Finally, sawtooth events appear to be driven by a steady solar wind driver and to develop during a period of already enhanced ring current.
Quantum efficiency of binary-outcome detectors of solid-state qubits

We introduce definitions of the quantum efficiency for binary-outcome qubit detectors with imperfect fidelity, focusing on the subclass of quantum nondemolition detectors. Quantum efficiency is analyzed for several models of detectors, including indirect projective measurement, linear detector in binary-outcome regime, detector of the superconducting phase qubit, and detector based on tunneling into continuum.
Shaking down new epilepsy genes

The neural function of cystatin B, recently implicated in EPM1, is unclear but may lead to new insights into the mechanisms of epilepsy.
Automated Circulation of Unbound Periodicals: A Survey of Practices

Libraries, both public and academic, deciding to circulate unbound periodicals in an automated circulation system, must develop procedures for handling individual issues. A survey of 232 public and academic libraries, using four major turnkey systems, revealed that most public libraries circulate or plan to circulate unbound periodicals in an automated system while most academic libraries do not. Most libraries are satisfied with automated circulation of unbound periodicals. Methods used by public libraries are summarized; those employed by academic libraries are described. The procedures developed at the Eastern Washington University Library are explained in detail.
A comparative study of Gaussian geostatistical models and Gaussian Markov random field models

Gaussian geostatistical models (GGMs) and Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs) are two distinct approaches commonly used in spatial models for modeling point-referenced and areal data, respectively. In this paper, the relations between GGMs and GMRFs are explored based on approximations of GMRFs by GGMs, and approximations of GGMs by GMRFs. Two new metrics of approximation are proposed : (i) the Kullback-Leibler discrepancy of spectral densities and (ii) the chi-squared distance between spectral densities. The distances between the spectral density functions of GGMs and GMRFs measured by these metrics are minimized to obtain the approximations of GGMs and GMRFs. The proposed methodologies are validated through several empirical studies. We compare the performance of our approach to other methods based on covariance functions, in terms of the average mean squared prediction error and also the computational time. A spatial analysis of a dataset on PM"2"."5 collected in California is presented to illustrate the proposed method.
The darkening of zinc yellow: XANES speciation of chromium in artist's paints after light and chemical exposures

The color darkening of selected brushstrokes of the masterpiece A Sunday on La Grande Jatte – 1884 (by Georges Seurat) has been attributed to the alteration of the chromate pigment zinc yellow. The pigment originally displays a bright greenish-yellow color but may undergo, after aging, darkening to a dull, ocher tone. We used XANES to probe the oxidation state of Cr on paint reconstructions, and show that color changes are associated with the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Paint mixtures containing the pigment and linseed oil to mimic mixtures used in La Grande Jatte were subjected to artificial aging in the presence of light, SO2, and variable air humidity—50 and 90% relative humidity. High relative humidity led to the largest degree of Cr(VI) reduction whereas low relative humidity promoted light-induced alterations. These results are corroborated by visible reflectance measurements on the same laboratory samples and contribute to a better understanding of the chemical reactivity of chromate pigments, which are present in many historical works of art.
EFFECT OF FILTRATION TEMPERATURE ON ORGANIC SULFUR REMOVAL FROM COAL BY PERCHLOROETHYLENE COAL CLEANING PROCESS

Abstract The perchloroethylene extraction desulfurization process removes the organic sulfur in coal via a hybrid mechanism of solvent extraction and chemical reaction. The nature and extent of the reaction is controlled by the extraction time and temperature of operation. Although the extraction temperature is kept identical for all types of coals (120°C), the organosulfur extraction time still depends upon the type of coal. If the reaction mixture is left too long in the extraction environment, the intermediate labile sulfur released by the reaction forms cross-links with the organic matter in the macromolecule of coal. This is detrimental to the process efficiency. Constant temperature has to be maintained throughout the extraction, till coal is separated from the solvent. If not, the extracted labile sulfur re-enters the coal macromolecule to form inter-penetrating polymer networks with the organic matter in coal. In this paper, it has been established that the time required for separation and isother...
A FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING SIMULATION

This expository article is designed to provide the agricultural economist with an introduction to simulation models. An intellectual framework is suggested to assist the reader in relating the several types of models that may be encountered in the literature. The Monte Carlo technique for experimentation with stochastic models is emphasized because of its potential usefulness. UN EXPOSE DES MODELES DE SIMULA TION - L'objet de cet article etait de vous familiariser avec des modeles de conditions simulees. Le raisonnement propose devrait aider les lecteurs a se faire une idee des divers modeles qui surgissent dans ces ecrits. A cause de son utilite, la technique Monte Carlo est soulignee comme experimentation.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A 13 AMINO ACID TRYPTOPHAN-RICH PEPTIDE DERIVED FROM A PUTATIVE PORCINE PRECURSOR PROTEIN OF A NOVEL FAMILY OF ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES

It has long been speculated that porcine cathelin is an N-terminal fragment of a longer precursor protein which possesses antimicrobial activity. In an attempt to find such a precursor, a cDNA clone was recently isolated and sequenced by screening a cDNA library from porcine bone marrow. In order to identify the functional activity of the putative protein encoded by an open reading frame, we have synthesized various lengths of peptides that correspond to the C-terminal region of the protein and examined them for their antimicrobial activities. We found that a 13 amino acid tryptophan-rich region with the sequence of VRRFPWWWPFLRR had strong antimicrobial activity with a wide spectrum. It showed potency against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, and Streptococcus group D as well as Aspergillus fumigatus. The action of this peptide is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic and this activity is completely inhibited by 2 mM MgCl2. Our results indicate that the previously identified putative precursor encoded by the isolated cDNA indeed possesses a potent antimicrobial activity and that this 13 amino acid synthetic peptide is considered to be a potentially effective drug against various infectious agents.
Electrochemical investigation of compounds possessing the CrS6 core

Abstract The electron transfer properties of some 40 dithioacid, dithiolene, and dithioacetylacetonate derivatives of Cr(III) have been studied in methylene chloride at platinum and mercury electrodes. The dependence of the redox processes on the nature of the ligand and general substituent effects is discussed.
Effect of phenethylbiguanide on serum inorganic phosphate.

SummaryThe normal rabbit, treated with hypoglycemic doses of phenethylbiguanide, shows a significant increase in serum inorganic phosphate levels. In this respect the action of phenethylbiguanide differs from that of insulin and sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agents, and closely resembles that of structurally related diguanidine, Synthalin A. Increase in serum inorganic phosphorus levels is consistent with inhibition of oxidative enzyme systems of the citric acid cycle in presence of phenethylbiguanide, which suggests that inorganic phosphorus might escape into the blood stream due to decreased binding of high energy phosphorus.
Remodeling of the femoral chordotonal organ during metamorphosis of the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta.

During metamorphosis of the moth, Manduca sexta, the larval legs degenerate and are replaced by adult legs with a diverse array of new sensory organs. The majority of the larval sensory neurons degenerate but some hair sensilla and chordotonal organ sensory neurons survive metamorphosis (Consoulas [2000] J. Comp. Neurol. 419:154-174). In the present study nerve-tracing techniques, birth-date labeling (5-bromodeoxyuridine), and electrophysiology were used to describe the remodeling of the femoral chordotonal organ (FCO) in the prothoracic legs. The larval FCO is composed of two scoloparia, which are associated with separate apodemes. At the onset of metamorphosis, some of the 13 larval neurons degenerate, together with the larval FCO apodemes. The remaining larval FCO sensory neurons persist in the imaginal leg to become the precursors of the adult femoral and tibial chordotonal organs respectively. Early in the pupal stage, 45 to 60 new sensory neurons are generated de novo and become associated with 6 persistent larval neurons in the imaginal femur to compose the adult FCO. Two clusters of persistent and new neurons are enclosed into two scoloparia with short apodemes that eventually become fused. In both larval and adult stages, the FCO contains units that respond phasically and others that respond tonically to femorotibial movements. Nerve activity from the FCO neurons can be recorded continuously during the remodeling of the organ. A persistent leg flexor motoneuron receives inputs from the FCO sensory neurons in both larval and adult stages, offering the opportunity to investigate the remodeling of the neural circuits underlying the proprioceptive control of the femorotibial joint.
Davidson’s Second Person

According to Donald Davidson, language is social in that only a person who has interacted linguistically with another could have a language. This paper is a discussion of Davidson’s argument in defence of that claim. I argue that he has not succeeded in establishing it, but that he has provided many of the materials out of which a successful argument could be built. Chief among these are the claims that some version of externalism about meaning is true, that possession of a language requires possession of the concept of objectivity, and hence that the issue here concerns the identity of the external event that makes possible possession of the concept of objectivity. I end by presenting some reasons for thinking that only interpersonal linguistic interaction could play this role.
The decay of Br78

Abstract Br 78 sources have been produced by proton bombardment of isotopically enriched 97 %, this targets of Se 78 , in order to investigate the decay scheme of Br 78 . The Se 78 p.n Br 78 threshold was measured at 4.40±0.01 MeV, using a slow-fast neutron counter arrangement. Annihilation radiation with a half-life of 6.5±0.1 min was observed for bombardments with E 1 ≧ 4.40 MeV. Using an anthracene crystal, the end-point of the β- spectrum of Br 78 was measured and was found to be consistent with the value of 2.54±0.01 MeV calculated from the Se 78 p.n threshold determination. Measurements of the γ-ray spectrum of Br 78 indicate a γ-ray of 0.013±0.003 MeV, of intensity 0.14±0.015 that of all positions, which is assigned to the known first 2- state of Se 78 . Excitation of the known second 2- state at 1.31 MeV is not observed occurring with ≦ 0.4 % of the decays, with log β ≧ 5.9. The results indicate that the ground state of Br 78 has spin and parity of 1+.
EVALUATION OF NEEMIX IN ROTATION WITH ADMIRE FOR CONTROLLING SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY AND TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS ON TOMATO, 2001

Tomato seedlings were planted in a Rockdale fine gravely loam with pH 7.0-7.3 on 1 Mar at Homestead, FL. Experimental plots consisted of three adjacent beds 3-ft. wide 30-ft. long covered with 1.5-mil thick black polyethylene mulch. The beds were fumigated 2 wk prior to setting transplants with a mixture containing 67% methyl bromide and 33% chloropicrin at 220 lb/acre. Seedlings were placed 18 inches apart within rows and 6 ft between rows and were drip irrigated. Plots were arranged in an RCB design with four replications. A 5-ft long untreated planted area separated each replication.
Delay Line Readouts for High Purity Germanium Medical Imaging Cameras

High purity germanium offers excellent potential for use in nuclear medical imaging cameras. A position and energy readout technique using two inexpensive delay lines has been developed for these cameras. Results obtained with a 1-cm2 , 4 mm deep, 5×5 strip high purity germanium detector are 2.1 mm full width spatial resolution, a measured single strip resolution of 0.65 mm full width half maximum (FWHM), a 25 element uncollimated energy resolution of 2.95 keV FWHM, and 2.65 keV FWHM for a single central element at 140 keV.
The Thyroid Immunology of the Postpartum Period

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is suppressed during pregnancy and is exacerbated in the postpartum period. Studies indicate that new-onset AITD occurs in up to 10% of all women in the postpartum period and that up to 60% of Graves' patients in the reproductive years give a history of postpartum onset. Despite this extraordinary epidemiological evidence, the causes of these exacerbations are uncertain and have yet to be adequately investigated. Explaining these postpartum changes, therefore, remains hypothetical. Mechanisms invoked include the passage of fetal cells to the mother during pregnancy establishing maternal microchimerism, pregnancy-induced changes in the thyroid gland itself, and the role of prolactin as a consequence of breast-feeding. Once the disease onset or exacerbation, is established, then there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the immunopathology. Thyroid cell destruction (via apoptosis) or activation (via thyrotropin [TSH] receptor autoantibody induction) appear to be similar to nonpostpartum-related disease. The reasons for the transience in postpartum disease, particularly thyroiditis, is likely to be related to the induction of clonal suicide and the mechanisms for this phenomenon are beginning to be explored. While we have a number of clinical indicators that allow us to predict postpartum thyroid disease (such as autoantibody titers), at present, we have no treatment to prevent the disease. Furthermore, our predictions are not helpful in a high enough proportion of the population to warrant screening of all women before delivery. At this time, the best clinical approach is watchful waiting and postpartum thyroid function testing where suspected.
Pathological findings in spontaneous pneumothorax specimens: does the incidence of unexpected clinically significant findings justify routine histological examination?

Aims The utility of routine histological examination of clinically primary spontaneous pneumothorax (SPTX) specimens has been questioned. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the clinical significance of unexpected SPTX histopathological findings, to determine whether such findings justify routine histological examination of SPTX specimens. Methods and results Records and slides from all SPTX resections at our institution from 2002–2012 were reviewed. Clinically significant unexpected histological findings were identified in 8.3% of 72 patients, including: one patient with lung cancer, one with endometriosis, one with Birt–Hogg–Dube (BHD) syndrome, and three with ‘bong lung’. Detection of BHD syndrome has the potential to avert advanced renal carcinoma by identifying individuals who should undergo periodic abdominal CT screening. The cost of treating a case of advanced renal carcinoma far exceeds that of histologically examining all SPTX specimens received in a 10-year period at our institution. Conclusions Gross examination alone is an inadequate evaluation of SPTX specimens. This is the first study to demonstrate that routine histological examination of SPTX specimens is justified, in that it discloses unexpected findings that are clinically significant and impact on patient management.
Recombinant erythropoietin rapidly treats anemia in ischemic acute renal failure

Recombinant erythropoietin rapidly treats anemia in ischemic acute renal failure. Background The anemia associated with acute renal failure (ARF) is currently treated with blood transfusions, while the anemia of chronic renal failure is treated with recombinant erythropoietin (EPO). We hypothesized that EPO treatment during ARF could rapidly improve hemoglobin levels and be a useful therapeutic approach. In addition, as tubular epithelial cells have EPO receptors that can mediate proliferation, enhanced recovery of renal function may occur with EPO use. Methods An established rat model of ischemic ARF was studied, using either moderate or severe ischemia. EPO was administered in a dose of 500 or 3000 U/kg starting at time of ischemia. Hematocrit (Hct), serum creatinine, reticulocyte count, and mortality rate were measured. Results EPO treatment led to a rapid and significant increase in Hct at 48 and 72 hours after moderate ischemic renal reperfusion injury (IRI) in EPO (500 U/kg)-treated rats compared with control (saline treated) rats (mean ± SE; 45.6 ± 0.3% vs. 42.0 ± 1.0%, P P N = 3 per group). In severe renal IRI, EPO treatment also led to significantly increased Hct at 48 (40.0 ± 4.4% vs. 36.8 ± 0.3%, P N = 3 per group) and 72 hours (43.5 ± 1.5% vs. 34.7 ± 2.3%, P N = 3 per group). Higher dose (3000 U/kg) EPO led to a more pronounced Hct increase after severe IRI at 48 hours compared with the 500 U/kg dose (43.5 ± 0.3 vs. 40.3 ± 0.3, P N = 3 per group). EPO treatment during moderate or severe renal IRI did not change the course of the renal dysfunction. EPO treatment ( N = 19) had a significant protective effect on mortality during severe IRI. In addition, loss of body weight during ARF was not affected by EPO therapy. Conclusions Recombinant EPO can rapidly increase Hct and improve mortality during ARF. Human studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical applicability of this important finding.
Predicting Outcomes in Cervical Cancer: A Kinetic Model of Tumor Regression during Radiation Therapy

Applications of mathematical modeling can improve outcome predictions of cancer therapy. Here we present a kinetic model incorporating effects of radiosensitivity, tumor repopulation, and dead-cell resolving on the analysis of tumor volume regression data of 80 cervical cancer patients (stages 1B2-IVA) who underwent radiation therapy. Regression rates and derived model parameters correlated significantly with clinical outcome (P or = 0.70) as a predictor (P = 0.001) and 89% vs. 57% using dead-cell resolving time (T(1/2) or = 22 days, P or = 0.70 (P = 0.025), and 87% vs. 52% with T(1/2) or = 22 days (P = 0.002). Our approach illustrates the promise of volume-based tumor response modeling to improve early outcome predictions that can be used to enable personalized adaptive therapy.
Resveratrol inhibits glucose metabolism in human ovarian cancer cells.

Abstract Objectives. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin found in grapes that inhibits the in vitro growth of multiple tumor cell types. We showed previously that resveratrol induces autophagic cell death in ovarian cancer cells. Because autophagy is typically an adaptive response to nutrient starvation, we hypothesized that autophagy would also be triggered when ovarian cancer cells are nutrient deprived and that resveratrol could in fact be acting by inducing a starvation-like signaling response. Methods. Ovarian cancer cells were incubated with normal media, media containing resveratrol, glucose free media, or media lacking amino acids. Growth inhibition was determined using the sulforhodamine assay. Cells were evaluated for autophagocytosis by analyzing cleavage of LC3. Glucose uptake, lactate production, and activation of glycolytic regulators pAkt and pmTOR were analyzed following resveratrol treatment. Results. We show here that epithelial ovarian cancer cells are highly sensitive to glucose-deprivation-induced cell death and like resveratrol, glucose deprivation induces caspase-independent cell death with hallmarks of autophagy. Consistent with the hypothesis that resveratrol treatment results in biochemical conditions that mirror a nutrient deprived state, we found that resveratrol dramatically reduces glucose uptake and lactate production. Moreover, resveratrol reduces the levels of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR, two signals that increase glucose uptake and the rate limiting steps in glycolysis. Conclusions. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that resveratrol-induced changes in glucose utilization comprise the mechanism that underlies resveratrol-induced autophagocytosis in ovarian cancer. Inhibition of glycolysis in ovarian cancer with resveratrol or other compounds may be effective therapy for ovarian cancer.
Permeation of a Malathion Formulation Through Nitrile Gloves

Abstract Factors determining the permeation of a malathion formulation (Prent) and a reconstituted mixture of 12 components (Recon), 11 being alkybenzenes, were investigated for a lined, unsupported nitrile glove in an American Society for Testing and Materials-type permeation cell with liquid collection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Only the factors for both Prent and Recon that did not differ significantly at p ≤ 0.001 were then used in a virial-type linear regression multivariate model. The logarithm of the steady-state permeation rate Ps correlated best with the logarithm of the composition of the challenge solutions (weight percentage, %). The liquid molar volume (MV), the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow), dipole moment (DM), and the Snyder elution strength (E°) also correlated best in that descending order using the logarithm of the weight percentage as the first term in a linear two-term equation for Ps. After accounting for both % and MV as logari...
Nonsustained reentry following successive stimulation of cardiac tissue through a unipolar electrode.

Reentry Following Unipolar Stimulation. Introduction: Using numerical simulations, we predict that nonsustained reentry occurs following a strong, premature stimulus through a unipolar electrode. Methods and Results: Our simulations were based on the bidomain model of cardiac tissue, and the active membrane properties were represented by the Beeler-Reuter model. An outwardly propagating wavefront was excited by an initial stimulus (SI). A second stimulus (S2) was then applied through the same electrode. Nonsustained reentry or reentrant-like behavior followed the S2 stimulus for both cathodal and anodal stimulation, and were associated with “break” stimulation but not with “make” stimulation. The direction of spiral-wave rotation was reversed when the polarity of the stimulus was reversed. These complex dynamics occur only for a narrow window of S1-S2 intervals. During anodal S2 stimulation, two different modes of reentry exist. Our simulations also explain the “no response” phenomenon. Conclusion: Our mathematical model predicts that both anodal and cathodal unipolar S2 stimulation results in reentry. This behavior arises from an interaction of virtual anodes and cathodes surrounding the stimulating electrode.
The Impact of Safety Training on Work-Related Injuries at Eating and Drinking Places

Abstract The overall goal of this pilot study was to examine the impact of safety training on work-related injuries in the foodservice industry and obtain information that can be used to reduce their incidence rate. Due to the low number of reported injuries, statistical significance was not established between any of the factors investigated and the reported injury rate. However, it would appear that the time of day employees worked appeared to impact the injury rate; most of the injuries occurred at night. The injury rate was lower if the training was conducted by a manager. However, if another employee conducted the training the rate was higher than if no training had been conducted.
Sex-Related Differences in Embolic Potential During Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting

Background Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy. CAS outcomes and risk factors affecting postoperative complications in women are not well defined. We sought to determine the effect of sex on particle size captured by embolic protection devices, comorbidities influencing embolization, and results after CAS. Methods Embolic debris from 188 consecutively collected carotid embolic protection devices were analyzed using photomicroscopy and imaging software. Patient comorbidities, preoperative cerebrovascular symptoms, and perioperative outcomes (cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, mortality) were examined. Results The mean age was 71.0 years (56.4% males). Men (M) were more likely than women (W) to be smokers (M: 70.4% vs. W: 55.6%, p = 0.046) and have coronary artery disease (M: 65.7% vs. W: 48.1%, p = 0.02). Symptomatic (S) patients had larger mean particle size compared with asymptomatic (AS) patients (S: 469.9 ± 416.4 μm vs. AS: 316.1 ± 241.1 μm, p = 0.01). On subgroup analysis, a larger mean particle size was observed in symptomatic woman compared with asymptomatic women (S: 461.5 ± 348.1 μm vs. AS: 281.4 ± 209.4 μm, p = 0.02). In men, a trend toward a larger mean particle size in symptomatic patients did not reach statistical significance (S: 475.8 ± 462.9 μm vs. AS: 351.2 ± 262.4 μm, p = 0.08). Conclusions Preoperative cerebrovascular symptoms are associated with a greater mean particle size in symptomatic women compared with asymptomatic women. This difference in mean particle size was not observed in men. These results provide evidence that may help in better selection of CAS patients, but the impact of an increased mean particle size in symptomatic women during carotid stenting requires further investigation.
Lomofungin and dilomofungin: inhibitors of MBNL1-CUG RNA binding with distinct cellular effects

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder resulting from expression of RNA containing an expanded CUG repeat (CUG(exp)). The pathogenic RNA is retained in nuclear foci. Poly-(CUG) binding proteins in the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family are sequestered in foci, causing misregulated alternative splicing of specific pre-mRNAs. Inhibitors of MBNL1-CUG(exp) binding have been shown to restore splicing regulation and correct phenotypes in DM1 models. We therefore conducted a high-throughput screen to identify novel inhibitors of MBNL1-(CUG)12 binding. The most active compound was lomofungin, a natural antimicrobial agent. We found that lomofungin undergoes spontaneous dimerization in DMSO, producing dilomofungin, whose inhibition of MBNL1-(CUG)12 binding was 17-fold more potent than lomofungin itself. However, while dilomofungin displayed the desired binding characteristics in vitro, when applied to cells it produced a large increase of CUG(exp) RNA in nuclear foci, owing to reduced turnover of the CUG(exp) transcript. By comparison, the monomer did not induce CUG(exp) accumulation in cells and was more effective at rescuing a CUG(exp)-induced splicing defect. These results support the feasibility of high-throughput screens to identify compounds targeting toxic RNA, but also demonstrate that ligands for repetitive sequences may have unexpected effects on RNA decay.
Bimodal bond-length distributions in cobalt-doped CdSe, ZnSe, and Cd1- xZnxSe quantum dots

Electronic absorption spectroscopy has been used to study changes in Co2+ ligand-field parameters as a function of alloy composition in Co2+-doped Cd1-xZnxSe nanocrystals. A shift in the energy of the 4T1(P) excited-state with alloy composition is observed. Analysis reveals that Co2+−Se2- bond lengths change relatively little as the host is varied continuously from CdSe to ZnSe, generating a large difference between microscopic and average cation−anion bond lengths in Co2+-doped CdSe nanocrystals but not in Co2+-doped ZnSe nanocrystals. The bimodal bond-length distributions observed here are shown to cause a diameter-dependent enthalpic destabilization of doped semiconductor nanocrystals.