cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development Of A Moored In Situ Fluorometer For Phytoplankton Studies

Marine ecology is a complex science because of the many interactions between physics, chemistry and biology that occur simultaneously. In addition, these physical, chemical and biological processes are quite variable in time and space as a result of secondary processes, and produce an almost unlimited combination of possibilities for ocean variability. At present, one of the most critical areas in biological oceanography is to observe and understand the variability of biological parameters through the range of time scales of minutes to years. Special instrumentation is needed which will enhance our ability to collect many data points over a relatively long period of time. In bothboth the technological sense and biological importance, a phytoplankton biomass indicator, chlorophyll, is widely considered to be the “best” initial in situ Eulerian measurement. Hence an in situ fluorometer to estimate chlorophyll a concentration was developed at the Division of Oceanographic Sciences at Brookhaven National Laboratory to be moored in the ocean at depths up to 300 m for as long as three months. During a given three month data gathering experiment, with data being collected at rates up to 75 times each day, approximately 7000 data points could be available to show the range and scales of variability of chlorophyll at a fixed point in the ocean.
Aspects of Research in Progress and Controversies in Immunology

Aspects of Research in Progress and Controversies in Immunology In this review, the role of microbiota in relation to the immune responses and its regulation will be discussed in populations with or without genetic admixture, and with differences of socioeconomics and access to public health. Most of the discussion will be on research in progress, but in some cases, disagreements or controversies will be mentioned.
Ankle joint mechanics and foot proportions differ between human sprinters and non-sprinters

Recent studies of sprinters and distance runners have suggested that variations in human foot proportions and plantarflexor muscle moment arm correspond to the level of sprint performance or running economy. Less clear, however, is whether differences in muscle moment arm are mediated by altered tendon paths or by variation in the centre of ankle joint rotation. Previous measurements of these differences have relied upon assumed joint centres and measurements of bone geometry made externally, such that they would be affected by the thickness of the overlying soft tissue. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we found that trained sprinters have shorter plantarflexor moment arms (p = 0.011) and longer forefoot bones (p = 0.019) than non-sprinters. The shorter moment arms of sprinters are attributable to differences in the location of the centre of rotation (p < 0.001) rather than to differences in the path of the Achilles tendon. A simple computer model suggests that increasing the ratio of forefoot to rearfoot length permits more plantarflexor muscle work during plantarflexion that occurs at rates expected during the acceleration phase following the sprint start.
Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 Directed against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Membrane-Proximal External Region Protect against Mucosal Challenge by Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIVBa-L

The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1, located at the C terminus of the gp41 ectodomain, is conserved and crucial for viral fusion. Three broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnMAbs), 2F5, 4E10, and Z13e1, are directed against linear epitopes mapped to the MPER, making this conserved region an important potential vaccine target. However, no MPER antibodies have been definitively shown to provide protection against HIV challenge. Here, we show that both MAbs 2F5 and 4E10 can provide complete protection against mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge in macaques. MAb 2F5 or 4E10 was administered intravenously at 50 mg/kg to groups of six male Indian rhesus macaques 1 day prior to and again 1 day following intrarectal challenge with SHIV Ba-L . In both groups, five out of six animals showed complete protection and sterilizing immunity, while for one animal in each group a low level of viral replication following challenge could not be ruled out. The study confirms the protective potential of 2F5 and 4E10 and supports emphasis on HIV immunogen design based on the MPER region of gp41.
Value-Focused Brainstorming

Brainstorming can be a useful technique to create alternatives for complex decisions. To enhance the quality and innovativeness of the created alternatives, value-focused brainstorming incorporates two features of value-focused thinking into the traditional brainstorming procedures. First, it explicitly identifies the valued aspects of potential alternatives, specified as distinct objectives, to guide brainstormers to create alternatives of greater value. Second, all participants in a brainstorm individually create alternatives prior to any anchoring on group discussions, which will enhance getting the full range of each individual's thoughts articulated. Concepts and procedures of the approach are discussed. A public policy application, done to address recommendations following the World Trade Center disaster, illustrates the approach by creating alternatives to improve emergency evacuation of individuals from large buildings.
Cramer-Rao Bounds for Range and Motion Parameter Estimations using Dual Frequency Radars

In this paper, statistical bounds on dual-frequency range estimations are provided. Single frequency (Doppler) radars cannot be used in range estimation due to their range ambiguities. An additional frequency can be used to increase the maximum unambiguous range to accepted values for indoor range estimation of moving targets. The dual-frequency approach offers the benefit of reduced complexity, fast computation time, and real time target tracking. Indoor inanimate objects such as fans, vibrating machineries, and clock pendulums exhibit simple harmonic motions, whereas animate translation movements are typically linear. We provide Cramer-Rao bounds for the parameters defining both types of motions and show their dependency on the observation period and partial knowledge of motion and noise parameters.
A wide-band fiber-optic true-time-steered array receiver capable of multiple independent simultaneous beams

A wide-band fiber-optic true-time-delay array receiver capable of receiving multiple independent beams simultaneously is demonstrated for the first time. The receiver is based on a dispersive prism technique and exhibits squint-free /spl plusmn/60/spl deg/ azimuthal steering of two simultaneous beams with no observable beam squint over a microwave component-limited bandwidth of 6-18 GHz.
A strategy for enhancing recombination in proximal regions of chromosomes

As a rule, recombination in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is low in proximal and high in distal regions of chromosomes. Recombination may be enhanced in proximal regions by using deletion (del) chromosomes deficient for a distal part of a chromosome arm. The chromosome del5BL-11 derived from Chinese Spring (CS) is missing 41% of the distal long arm. This line was made polymorphic by crossing with a stock in which chromosome 5B of CS (5BCS) is substituted for chromosome 5B of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides origin (5B T. dic ). Three recombinant del5BL-11 (del5BL-11rec) lines were isolated, all resulting from localized recombination between loci Xbcd926 and XksuH1. In del5BL-11rec, the centromere to fraction length (FL) 0.53 (C-FL0.53) segment is derived from 5B T. dic and the distal region of FL 0.55–0.59 is from 5BCS. Genetic recombination for the C-FL 0.53 interval was assayed in segregating progenies from 5BCS/5B T. dic and del5BL-11/del5BL-11rec crosses using polymorphic markers and for the FL 0.55–0.59 interval in del5BL-11/del5BL-11rec cross from chiasma counts. The pairing data and comparative mapping of normal 5B and del5BL-11 indicated that the increase in recombination was restricted to the FL 0.55–0.59 interval of the del5BL-11 chromosome. No significant increase in recombination in more proximal regions was observed although the order of several markers that cosegregated in the normal 5B map was resolved in the del5BL-11 map. The presented data show that recombination in proximal, usually low-recombination, regions can be increased by placing them close to the chromosome end.
Between Belonging and Dwelling The Hospitality of David Malouf's Remembering Babylon

This article argues that David Malouf’s Remembering Babylon relates two narratives, one of hospitality and one of the nation. Rather than corroborating each other, these narratives conflict. By emphasising the novel’s account of hospitality and the accommodation of the stranger, this article intervenes in readings of the novel as a national allegory. Rather than simply a legacy of colonialism with revised legitimacy, the nation in Remembering Babylon signals the failure of hospitality.
Bioanalytical techniques for detecting biomarkers of response to human asbestos exposure

Asbestos exposure is known to cause lung cancer and mesothelioma and its health and economic impacts have been well documented. The exceptionally long latency periods of most asbestos-related diseases have hampered preventative and precautionary steps thus far. We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge on biomarkers of response to asbestos exposure. Asbestos is not present in human biological fluids; rather it is inhaled and trapped in lung tissue. Biomarkers of response, which reflect a change in biologic function in response to asbestos exposure, are analyzed. Several classes of molecules have been studied and evaluated for their potential utility as biomarkers of asbestos exposure. These studies range from small molecule oxidative stress biomarkers to proteins involved in immune responses.
Pathologic Quiz Case: A Large Mesenteric Mass in a 40-Year-Old Man

A man sought medical attention for vague flank pain. His past medical history was significant for mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix (status 11⁄2 years postappendectomy with intraoperative right ureter injury). A computed tomographic scan at this presentation revealed fibrosis surrounding the right ureter, which had produced right hydronephrosis (Figure 1). These changes were believed to be the result of prior surgical injury to the ureter during appendectomy and were managed by ureteral stenting. Strikingly, a 7.5-cm lesion was incidentally identified on computed tomographic scan in the region between the pancreatic tail, left kidney, and spleen, with a small entrapped accessory spleen (Figure 1). The
Hypersensitivity of Spinothalamic Tract Neurons Associated With Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Diabetic neuropathic pain is often considered to be caused by peripheral neuropathy. The involvement of the CNS in this pathological condition has not been well documented. Development of hypersens...
Projective Differential Geometry

(1933). Projective Differential Geometry. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 40, No. 10P1, pp. 568-579.
Red cell aggregation and viscoelasticity of blood from seals, swine and man.

RBC aggregation and viscoelasticity parameters were determined for 40% suspensions of washed cells in autologous plasma from elephant seals (ES), Mirounga angustirostris, ringed seals (RS), Phoca hispida, and swine, (SS), Sus scrofa. Interspecific comparisons including human (HS) blood data revealed unusual rheological properties of seal blood relative to that from pigs or man: 1) RBC aggregation extent, rate and sedimentation were lower for seals (AI = 0, ZSR = .40, ESR = 0 for RS blood) relative to humans; 2) Viscous (n') and elastic (n") components of complex viscosity (OCRD) were lower for both seal species relative to SS blood, but only at shear rates less than or equal to 10 sec-1 (P less than 0.05), while n"/n' ratios for RS blood were lower than HS blood at all shear rates (P less than 0.01); 3) Blood viscosity measurements for RS and SS blood from rotational viscometry (Contraves) were consistent with OCRD data; 4) Seal plasma fibrinogen levels were low compared to pigs or humans (RS fibrinogen = -43% v. HS and -57% v. SS; ES fibrinogen = -58% v. HS and -69% v. SS). Electrophoretic mobility of RS red cells was +25% relative to those of humans. These results demonstrate differences in hemorheological indices among mammalian species and suggest the value of comparative rheologic studies.
Effect of glucose administration during the estrous cycle on serum hormone profiles, mRNA for steroidogenic enzymes, and breeding performance of ewes

Thirty mature Debouillet ewes were used to examine effects of exogenous glucose on endocrine, ovarian, and reproductive responses. Treatments were administered from d 5 through 15 of a normal estrous cycle (d 0 = estrus). Fifteen ewes received daily i.p. injections containing 100 mL of saline (.9%, control), and 15 ewes received daily i.p. injections containing 50 g of glucose (100 mL of 50% dextrose). Ovaries were removed from five ewes per group on d 15, and luteal mRNA encoding steroidogenic enzymes and follicular fluid progesterone (P 4 ) were determined. Serum glucose in treated ewes increased rapidly after injection and remained elevated ( P .10) in both groups on these days. Serum LH concentration and pulsatility were not altered by glucose injection (P >.15). Serum P 4 remained elevated longer (P .40) between groups. Glucose-treated ewes conceived later (P <.10) and produced fewer lambs (P <.10) than did controls. These data indicate that exogenous glucose and(or) the subsequent increased serum insulin resulted in ovarian changes associated with elevated luteal P 4 production.
Management of dyskinesia in anti-NMDAR encephalitis with tramadol

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephaliis is a fairly new diagnosis that was discovered in 2005 after our young women developed ovarian teratomas with psychiatric ymptoms, seizures, altered mental status, and eventual central ypoventilation [1]. It is an autoimmune encephalitis of variable araneoplastic origin caused by IgG antibodies against NMDARs 1,2]. Dyskinesia is observed in a majority of patients with antiMDAR encephalitis and frequently includes orofacial dyskinesia hat is characteristic of the disease [1,2]. Movement disorder often resents within the first month of the disease and may include horeoathetosis, facial and/or limb dyskinesia, and dystonia of varible severity [2]. Although a majority of anti-NMDAR encephalitis atients experience dyskinesia, no specific symptomatic treatment xists for its control. Thus, we present a case of anti-NMDAR ncephalitis where tramadol, an NMDAR inhibitor, effectively conrolled dyskinesia.
Coping with Caregiver Stress

Caregivers of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often face many challenges in their caregiving role. Whether they are paid professional caregivers (i.e. formal), or family/friends (i.e. informal) their responsibilities can be complex and become overwhelming. This chapter describes challenges faced by caregivers generally, and specifically for those care for people with IDD, including physical, financial, social, as well as the psychological outcomes that have been reported. The authors also consider the changing focus of caregiving roles across the lifespan, and pay particular attention to the needs of family caregivers and direct support professionals. The authors then describe how stress can be experienced and what strategies can assist caregivers to cope with their roles. Specific recommendations for how both informal and formal caregivers can best be supported in their roles by health care professionals are offered. Approaches to adopt if burnout is suspected are also considered. As some caregivers cope admirably despite challenges and changes in the amount of support received, the chapter concludes with a discussion of beneficial aspects of caregiving.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Lot Size Balancing for Multi-Products Selective Disassembly

This paper presents a mixed integer goal-programming model that provides a solution for planning component recovery from products with component commonality. The objective of the component recovery model is to determine the aggregate number of a variety of products to disassemble in order to economically fulfill the demand of a multitude of components, and yet have an environmentally benign policy of minimizing waste generation. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the methodology.
Stanley Mandelstam, 1928-2016: Brief biography and selected publications with commentary

The enduring influences of Stanley Mandelstam’s publications are deep and diverse. They affect almost all the current major research efforts in theoretical and mathematical physics that try to deepen our understanding of the physical universe. Reviewing Stanley’s accomplishments offers a rare opportunity for everyone interested, experts as well as nonexperts, to gain a perspective about the current status of theoretical and mathematical physics and what to look for in the future. This paper presents a brief biography of Stanley and a selection of his publications, grouped together according to subject matters, with commentary.2 2For a very short highlight of this paper, see author's Physics Today Obituary for Stanley Mandelstam, May issue 2017. About the genesis of these two papers see the Acknowledgments in this paper.
On adder design using a reversible logic gate

A new reversible logic gate was proposed in Ref. [ 1 ]. This gate can be used to implement any classical Boolean logic function. This paper shows the application of the reversible gate in implementing ripple carry and carry skip adders. These adders are more efficient than adders implemented using Fredkin Gate.
PM2.5 AIR POLLUTION, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER U.S. ADULTS.

AbstractThis study examines whether the association between air pollution and cognitive function among older adults differs by educational attainment. Data on 13,389 adults over age 50 are from the 2004 Health and Retirement Study and were linked to 2004 annual average concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter air pollution (PM). Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the association of PM concentrations and individual-level education on cognitive function. Higher concentrations of PM were associated with lower scores on cognitive function, but the association was stronger among individuals with lower educational attainment. These findings were robust to the inclusion of a variety of individual demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors as well as neighborhood-level education and income. The findings suggest the cognitive harms of pollution exposure may be offset by educational attainment, and that older adults with low educational attainment may be particularly vulnerable to air pollution.
New pteridophyte records for Taveuni (Fiji) and a new species of Chingia (Thelypteridaceae).

The Fijian island of Taveuni has large areas of remaining forest that are less altered than those on neighbouring islands. It is also free of the introduced mongoose, leaving its ecosystems more intact. It is noted for biodiversity and is a target for conservationists, but, as in other parts of Fiji, pteridophytes are under-documented there. To address this, we visited Taveuni to collect pteridophytes in November 2016, and here list 19 species we found that have not previously been mentioned in literature as occurring on the island. Ten of these are considered uncommon or rare elsewhere in Fiji, including three that are Fijian endemics known from only one or two other islands. We also list two more taxa new to Taveuni based on earlier collections at the University of California herbarium (UC). We revise the identification of four additional species on Taveuni that were mis-identified, or identified only to genus. We describe one of these as a new taxon, Chingia fijiensis (Thelypteridaceae). This h...
Abnormal Strain Rate Sensitivity Driven by a Unit Dislocation-Obstacle Interaction in bcc Fe.

The interaction between an edge dislocation and a sessile vacancy cluster in bcc Fe is investigated over a wide range of strain rates from ${10}^{8}$ down to ${10}^{3}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, which is enabled by employing an energy landscape-based atomistic modeling algorithm. It is observed that, at low strain rates regime less than ${10}^{5}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, such interaction leads to a surprising negative strain rate sensitivity behavior because of the different intermediate microstructures emerged under the complex interplays between thermal activation and applied strain rate. Implications of our findings regarding the previously established global diffusion model are also discussed.
Palliative care for patients with brain metastases.

Brain metastases are an increasingly common complication of systemic malignancies. Systemic therapies continue to improve however not all cross the blood brain barrier, making brain metastases a manifestation of cancer that more practitioners are likely to encounter. Once the development of brain metastases has occurred, prognosis remains poor and there is an inevitable need to deal with the medical complications and to palliate symptoms that are prevalent amongst these patients. This chapter aims to cover the immediate medical issues and the supportive care and end of life issues that providers will encounter in the patient with brain metastases.
Rootkit attacks and protection: a case study of teaching network security

A rootkit is a type of malware designed to gain privileged access to a computer while hiding itself from the user and the operating system by, for example, compromising the communication channels within the OS. A rootkit can hide files, data, processes, and network ports, and can typically survive a system restart. This stealthy design enables the rootkit to escape detection by most anti-malware tools, which may be effective in detecting/removing malware like viruses but are generally ineffective against rootkits. To answer this challenge, special anti-rootkit software applications have been developed. In this paper, we first review the status quo of Windows-based rootkits and anti-rootkit software. We then discuss how rootkits may be incorporated into classes to teach computer and network security concepts.
Rules and Regulations Relating to Roles of Nonphysician Providers in Radiology Practices

Incorporating nonphysician providers into radiology practices is likely to become increasingly necessary for practices to thrive in the modern health care milieu.
UNIT 1.1 Volume Measurement

This unit describes the common types of volumetric apparatus used in the life science laboratory, their use, and care. When an experimenter needs to prepare solutions of accurate concentrations and to transfer quantitatively samples of liquid from one container to others, an array of glassware and plasticware is available for these operations ranging from a microliter to a liter in volume. Considerations of temperature, solvent compatibility, and safety also need to be taken into account. Keywords: volume; pipettor; micropipettor; pipet; volumetric flask; tolerance; reproducibility
Observational Studies: Uses and Limitations

Observational epidemiologic studies are a type of nonexperimental research in which exposure is not controlled by the investigator. Observational studies are by far the most common form of clinical research because of their relatively low complexity, cost, and ethical constraints compared to randomized trials or other forms of clinical experimentation. Bias, confounding, and issues with validity are more common in observational studies. Observational studies can be retrospective or, in some cases, prospective. Common forms of observational studies in clinical research include cross-sectional studies, ecologic studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies.
A comparison of three perturbation methods for earth-moon-spaceship problem

The limiting case of the restricted three-body problem, in which the mass of one of the finite bodies is much smaller than the mass of the other, is of the singular perturbation type. The first-order perturbation solution has a logarithmic singularity at the position of the smaller body, and higher approximations are increasingly more singular. Three methods of treating singular perturbation problems are compared as applied to this problem. Uniformly valid first-order solutions are obtained for the problem of a two-fixed force-center by using the generalized method. It is shown that the generalized method gives better approximations than the method of inner and outer expansions and thus can be used for wider ranges of the small parameter. Furthermore, the Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) method is shown to give incorrect results for the trajectory.
Pollinating Collaboration: Diverse Stakeholders’ Efforts to Build Experiments in the Wake of the Honey Bee Crisis:

We explored collaboration between scientists and nonscientists through a deliberative process in which stakeholders interested in the health challenges of honey bees gathered on four occasions over...
Psychometric Properties of the Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) Instrument in a Diverse Low-Income Sample.

AbstractBackground: Recovery capital is a theoretical construct elucidating the resources that support recovery from addiction. The 50-item Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) instrument and relat...
Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of ALD Grown TiO2 Thin Films

Nonlinear index values as high as 1±.1x10-9 cm2/W were measured of ALD based TiO2 films. The 1000-fold increase in the index is believed to be due to the incorporation of nitrogen during growth.
A Super-Learner Model for Tumor Motion Prediction and Management in Radiation Therapy: Development and Feasibility Evaluation.

In cancer radiation therapy, large tumor motion due to respiration can lead to uncertainties in tumor target delineation and treatment delivery, thus making active motion management an essential step in thoracic and abdominal tumor treatment. In current practice, patients with tumor motion may be required to receive two sets of CT scans – the initial free-breathing 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) scan for tumor motion estimation and a second CT scan under appropriate motion management such as breath-hold or abdominal compression. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a predictive model for tumor motion estimation in three-dimensional space based on machine learning algorithms. The model was developed based on sixteen imaging features extracted from non-4D diagnostic CT images and eleven clinical features extracted from the Electronic Health Record (EHR) database of 150 patients to characterize the lung tumor motion. A super-learner model was trained to combine four base machine learning models including the Random Forest, Multi-Layer Perceptron, LightGBM and XGBoost, the hyper-parameters of which were also optimized to obtain the best performance. The outputs of the super-learner model consist of tumor motion predictions in the Superior-Inferior (SI), Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Left-Right (LR) directions, and were compared against tumor motions measured in the free-breathing 4DCT scans. The accuracy of predictions was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) through ten rounds of independent tests. The MAE and RMSE of predictions in the SI direction were 1.23 mm and 1.70 mm; the MAE and RMSE of predictions in the AP direction were 0.81 mm and 1.19 mm, and the MAE and RMSE of predictions in the LR direction were 0.70 mm and 0.95 mm. In addition, the relative feature importance analysis demonstrated that the imaging features are of great importance in the tumor motion prediction compared to the clinical features. Our findings indicate that a super-learner model can accurately predict tumor motion ranges as measured in the 4DCT, and could provide a machine learning framework to assist radiation oncologists in determining the active motion management strategy for patients with large tumor motion.
Spatial evolution of small wavelength fluctuations in a Hall Thruster

The spatial evolution of small wavelength (<1 cm) fluctuations in the Hall direction of a 9-kW class magnetically shielded Hall effect thruster is experimentally characterized. High-speed electrostatic probes are used to measure plasma density perturbations in the acceleration region and near field plume of this cross field device. Two types of waves are observed: broadband turbulence in the low hundreds of kilohertz and megahertz oscillations characterized by distinct peaks in the measured power spectrum. The lower frequency content is shown to be commensurate with linear ion acousticlike waves, while the higher frequency oscillations are indicative of cyclotron resonances. It is found that the higher frequency content dominates the power spectrum in the upstream acceleration zone and saturates at a fraction (<0.002) of the thermal energy. Downstream of this region, the lower frequency content becomes dominant, growing until the total wave energy again saturates. It is proposed that both the upstream and downstream modes are the same oscillation, the electron drift instability, but in different limits. The transition from upstream to downstream dispersion may be explained by the electron drift instability undergoing an inverse energy cascade as it forms and propagates with the ion drift in the discharge.The spatial evolution of small wavelength (<1 cm) fluctuations in the Hall direction of a 9-kW class magnetically shielded Hall effect thruster is experimentally characterized. High-speed electrostatic probes are used to measure plasma density perturbations in the acceleration region and near field plume of this cross field device. Two types of waves are observed: broadband turbulence in the low hundreds of kilohertz and megahertz oscillations characterized by distinct peaks in the measured power spectrum. The lower frequency content is shown to be commensurate with linear ion acousticlike waves, while the higher frequency oscillations are indicative of cyclotron resonances. It is found that the higher frequency content dominates the power spectrum in the upstream acceleration zone and saturates at a fraction (<0.002) of the thermal energy. Downstream of this region, the lower frequency content becomes dominant, growing until the total wave energy again saturates. It is proposed that both the upstream and...
Cortical and affective regulation of autonomic coordination

Although anatomical research clearly demonstrates the ability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system to independently influence cardiac function, little research has examined whether coordinated activation is typical or whether the extent of autonomic coordination is situationally dependent. This study examines the extent of coordination between sympathetic (cardiac pre-ejection period: PEP) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia: RSA) influences on the cardiac function to determine whether coordination is a trait-like between-person characteristic or a state-varying within-person phenomenon, and if so, whether variability in autonomic coordination is modulated by cognitive (P3b amplitude) or affective state. Kindergarten-aged children (n = 257) completed a go/no-go task administered in blocks designed to induce affective states through the delivery of reward (Blocks 1 and 3) and frustration (Block 2). Results from multilevel models that allowed for the simultaneous examination of between-person and within-person associations in the repeated measures data suggested that (a) children with higher overall RSA also tended to have higher overall PEP; (b) at within-person level, RSA and PEP tended to be reciprocally coordinated; but that (c) when frustration invokes cognitive disengagement, coordination between parasympathetic and sympathetic systems demonstrate compensatory coordination. These findings highlight the extent to which the coordination of autonomic systems is a dynamic state-like phenomenon rather than a trait-like individual differences characteristic.
Ada Rehan: The Case of the Missing International Star

As the leading actress of Augustin Daly’s theatre company, Ada Rehan (1857–1916) was the most popular American actress of the late nineteenth century. Her performances charmed audiences and critics in both the United States and Europe. She was celebrated for her comic versatility, as she shone in everything from contemporary drawing-room comedies and farces, to eighteenth-century comedies of manners, to Shakespearean comedies, particularly Katherine in The Taming of the Shrew. The late nineteenth century featured four renowned international actresses: Ellen Terry, Sarah Bernhardt, Eleonora Duse and Ada Rehan. Yet, today, Rehan has disappeared from this litany. The three European actresses continue to be enshrined for their contributions to the art of theatre, but Rehan has gone missing. This chapter seeks to discover why Ada Rehan vanished from the ranks of the great actresses of the late nineteenth century.
Tob2 phosphorylation regulates global mRNA turnover to reshape transcriptome and impact cell proliferation

Tob2, an anti-proliferative protein, promotes deadenylation through recruiting Caf1 deadenylase to the mRNA poly(A) tail by simultaneously interacting with both Caf1 and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). Previously, we found that changes in Tob2 phosphorylation can alter its PABP-binding ability and deadenylation-promoting function. However, it remained unknown regarding the relevant kinase(s). Moreover, it was unclear whether Tob2 phosphorylation modulates the transcriptome and whether the phosphorylation is linked to Tob2's anti-proliferative function. In this study, we found that c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) increases phosphorylation of Tob2 at many Ser/Thr sites in the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that contains two separate PABP-interacting PAM2 motifs. JNK-induced phosphorylation or phosphomimetic mutations at these sites weaken the Tob2-PABP interaction. In contrast, JNK-independent phosphorylation of Tob2 at serine 254 (S254) greatly enhances Tob2 interaction with PABP and its ability to promote deadenylation. We discovered that both PAM2 motifs are required for Tob2 to display these features. Combining mass spectrometry analysis, poly(A) size-distribution profiling, transcriptome-wide mRNA turnover analyses, and cell proliferation assays, we found that the phosphomimetic mutation at S254 (S254D) enhances Tob2's association with PABP, leading to accelerated deadenylation and decay of mRNAs globally. Moreover, the Tob2-S254D mutant accelerates the decay of many transcripts coding for cell cycle related proteins and enhances anti-proliferation function. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which Ccr4-Not complex is recruited by Tob2 to the mRNA 3' poly(A)-PABP complex in a phosphorylation dependent manner to promote rapid deadenylation and decay across the transcriptome, eliciting transcriptome reprogramming and suppressed cell proliferation.
Electrical control of the magnetic order in antiferromagnets interfaced with heavy metals

Antiferromagnets are magnetically ordered materials without a macroscopic magnetization. As a result, they are of interest in the development of memory devices where data cannot be erased by external magnetic fields. However, the absence of a macroscopic moment also makes it difficult to electrically control their magnetic order (Neel vector). Here we show that pillars of antiferromagnetic PtMn, which are grown on heavy metal layers of Pt and Ta, can be reversibly switched between different magnetic states by electric currents [1]. The devices are based on materials that are typically used in the magnetic memory industry, and we observe switching with very low current densities. Furthermore, by varying the amplitude of the writing current, multi-level memory characteristics can be achieved.
Neutrino Oscillations from Cosmic Sources: A Nu Window to Cosmology

Neutrino astrophysics promises a wealth of information about neutrinos and the history of the universe through which they have traveled. In this letter, we extend the standard neutrino qoscillation discussion to neutrinos propagating through expanding curved space. This extension introduces a new cosmological parameter in the oscillation phase. The new parameter ℐ records cosmic history in much the same manner as the redshift variable z or the apparent luminosity distance DL. Measuring ℐ through neutrino oscillations may help to determine cosmological parameters and distinguish between different cosmologies.
Work in Progress: The ILP-Tractability of Schedulability Analysis Problems

Algorithms used for the pre-runtime analysis of safety-critical systems have traditionally been required to have running times no worse than pseudo-polynomial in the size of their inputs. Some recent work, however, has been motivated by a vast improvement in the performance of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) solvers and a concurrent widespread and inexpensive availability of increasing computing capabilities, to consider the use of ILP solvers as acceptably efficient for the purposes of such analysis. In this paper, the concept of ILP-tractability is proposed as a formal characterization of the class of scheduling problems that can be solved efficiently under this newer interpretation of efficiency. Techniques are presented for showing a problem to be ILP-tractable, as well as for showing a problem to be ILP-intractable — i.e., it cannot be solved efficiently using ILP solvers.
Do Hallucinogens Have a Role in the Treatment of Addictions? A Review of the Current Literature

The utility of hallucinogenic drugs within psychiatry is an emerging topic, although not entirely a novel idea. After their introduction to western society in the mid-twentieth century, psychologists and psychiatrists studied their properties for use as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of psychiatric illness. Unfortunately, their classification as Schedule 1 drugs by the Drug Enforcement Administration in the 1970s put an end to this research. In the past decade, however, interest in hallucinogens has been reignited. The psychiatric community has begun to reinvestigate their role in mental health treatment, with addiction being one focus. Though there is a growing pool of research surrounding the use of hallucinogens in addiction treatment, there have been few reviews focusing on this topic. This paper will serve to summarize this data, focusing specifically on the following hallucinogenic agents: lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, ketamine, ibogaine, and ayahuasca. It will review both the basic pharmacology of each of these chemicals and studies assessing their use in treating various addictions including alcoholism, nicotine addiction, opioid use disorder, and cocaine use disorder. Though more robust research is needed before use of these drugs can be effectively adopted into clinical practice, the current data is promising and suggests the potential for a new and unique avenue for the treatment of addiction.
Isolated B-cell lymphopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a curious combination of findings at the time of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis: a pediatric case report

Lymphopenia is associated with poor outcome in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but the impact of specific cytopenias is unexplored. We report a case of isolated B-cell lymphopenia with HL, EBV infection, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Our patient is a 19-year-old male without any significant past medical history who presented with two weeks of epigastric abdominal pain, subjective fevers, night sweats, fatigue and a five-pound weight loss. At presentation, he had a white blood cell count of 10.3 k/uL and positive Coombs with a panagglutinin. Infectious testing was negative for HIV but positive for EBV. Peripheral lymphocyte flow cytometry identified 2% CD19+ cells with an absolute count of 43 cells/uL. This profound B-cell lymphopenia persisted despite the EBV viral load diminishing to barely detectable levels of less than 28 copies/mL. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis identified diffuse mediastinal and abdominal lymphadenopathy, as well as hepatosplenomegaly with focal lesions in the liver and spleen. A periaortic lymph node biopsy was morphologically consistent with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Mixed Cellularity subtype (CHL, MC). Diagnosed with CHL, stage IVB, he was treated with the standard combination therapy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, prednisone, and etoposide, and he achieved a complete remission. This case highlights the unique presentation of isolated B cell lymphopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a young patient with HL.
Irreversible Marking of Dendritic Cells in Vivo

Dendritic cells (DC) are bone marrow derived antigen presenting cells that function as sentinels of immune system (Akbari et al., 1999; Bancherea, 2000; Banchereau and Steinman, 1998; Cutler et al.,2001; Mellman and Steinman, 2001). In the peripheral tissues such as skin, they exist as immature DC - cells that are highly efficient at antigen uptake via receptor mediated and non-receptor mediated mechanisms. Upon activation by tissue damage, CpG DNA, pathogens or inflammatory cytokines the immature DC transform into mature DC, a cell type optimized for antigen presentation and T cell activation. DC efficiently process the ingested antigens and present the resultant peptides on the cell surface in the context of class I and class II MHC. Mature DC up regulate expression of class II MHC and activation markers such as CD54, CD58, CD80 and CD86. Mature DC down regulate chemokine receptors like CCRI, CCR5, and CCR6 that keep them in the non-lymphoid tissues and up regulate expression of CCR7, which enables the them to migrate to the draining lymph nodes (LN). In the draining lymph nodes, the antigen bearing mature DC move to T cell area and activate quiescent naive CD4 and CD8 T cells; DC are the most potent initiators of primary immune responses - they are two orders of magnitude more effective as antigen presenting cells than B-lymphocytes and macrophages. This pattern of antigen capture in the peripheral non-lymphoid tissues and migration into the draining lymph nodes induces activation and clonal expansion of rare antigen-specific T cells.
Pearl Millet Grain Yield Loss from Rust Infection

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] has potential as a feed grain crop in the USA, but acceptance by growers will depend in part on its yield stability. The effects of rust, caused by Puccinia substriata var. indica, on grain yield of the pearl millet hybrid 'Tift 23DA 1 E x Tift 8677' were evaluated at Tifton, GA from 1992 to 1994. Treatments imposed to vary disease severities in 1992 consisted of inoculation, control, and three fungicide applications (chlorothalonil[2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile], Bravo 720 @ 0.46 oz/gal [3.6 ml/L]). Treatments in 1993 consisted of a control and one or three fungicide applications. Treatments in 1994 were control, two, four, or seven fungicide applications. Early planting in 1992 resulted in crop maturation during early development of the rust epidemic. Mean final disease severities ranged from 0 to 33%. No differences among treatments for yield or 500 grain weight were detected. Late planting in 1993 was more conducive to rust development, and mean final severities ranged from 36 to 96%. Grain yield and 500 grain weight of the control were reduced by 76% and 41%, respectively, of those yield components measured from plots with three fungicide applications. Protein concentration of grain averaged 10.8% (108 g/kg) and did not differ among treatments in 1993. Rust was severe in 1994 as a result of late planting coupled with frequent rain, and averaged 92% severity in plots receiving seven fungicide applications. Grain protein averaged 23.3% (233 g/kg) in 1994, and increased with rust severity. Indirect yield losses from lodging occurred in 1993 and 1994 when final rust severity exceeded 90%. Regression equations suggest that yield losses occur when disease severity exceeds 50%. Until resistant hybrids are available, grain losses may be avoided by planting the crop by early June.
Quality of Life for the Mentally Disabled

Case illustrations are given to suggest the complexity of the effects on the quality of life of developments in psychotropic medicines, deinstitutionalization, and patients' rights. Community services often do not provide the mentally disabled with the benefits predicted for such programs. Whether the net effect of the revolutionary extrusion of the mentally disabled from public hospitals will be beneficial remains for history to judge.
Image compression with full wavelet transform (FWT) and vector quantization

Image compression based on the full wavelet transform (FWT) was introduced recently by Wong and Kuo. This multiresolution approach recursively applies the two-scale wavelet decomposition to all sub-images so that an image is decomposed into blocks of the same size. One benefit of this approach is that energy compaction can be achieved in the spatial as well as frequency domains. Their paper describes a bit allocation and scalar quantization method that utilizes both forms of energy compaction and provides good results. Yet, it has been shown that vector quantization will perform better than scalar quantization when a suitable codebook is used. This paper describes some of the shortcomings of the bit allocation equation and suggests a method for compressing the wavelet coefficients using vector quantization. Experimental results using the method described are presented and reviewed. >
Accidental Suicide Pacts and Creditor Collective Action Problems: The Mortgage Mess, the Deadweight Loss, and How to Get the Value Back

Sustained economic recovery will remain elusive in America, post-crash, until principal is reduced on some 10-13 million underwater home mortgage loans across the nation. Yet in the case of privately securitized loans, these write-downs are all but impossible to carry out on the requisite scale because bubble-era securitization contracts, which now effectively function as suicide pacts among bondholders, would require collective action by millions of geographically dispersed passive investors in order to authorize write-downs or sales out of securitization trusts. The solution, this article suggests, is for state and municipal governments to use their eminent domain powers to buy up and restructure underwater mortgages, using money supplied by mortgage backed securities holders. Collective action problems such as those presently faced by the latter require collective agents for their solution. Since (a) bubble-era securitization contracts prevent trustees and loan servicers from playing that role, (b) the federal government seems to face collective action challenges of its own, and (c) the underwater mortgage problem is in any event locally concentrated in character, state and local governments are now those best suited to salvaging value for bondholders, homeowners, and their cities alike.