cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of medical care at mass gatherings

Emergency medical care at public gatherings is haphazard at best and dangerous at worst. The Arizona chapter of the American College of Emergency Physicians, through the Chapter Grant Program, studied the level of medical care provided at public gatherings in order to develop guidelines for emergency medical care at mass gatherings. The study consisted of a survey of medical care at 15 facilities providing events for the public. The results of these surveys showed a wide variation of medical care provided at mass events. Of the 490 medical encounters reviewed, 52.2% were within the realm of care of paramedics, but not basic emergency medical technicians. The most common injuries/illnesses were lacerations, sprains, headaches, and syncope. Problems noted included poor documentation and record keeping of medical encounters, a tendency for prehospital care personnel to make medical evaluations without transport or medical control, and variability of care provided. Based on this survey and a literature review, guidelines for medical care at mass gatherings in Arizona were determined using an objective-oriented approach. It is our position that event organizers have the responsibility of ensuring the availability of emergency medical services for spectators and participants. We recommend that state chapters or National ACEP evaluate the role of emergency medical care at mass gatherings.
A simple method for analyzing actives in random RNAi screens: introducing the “H Score” for hit nomination & gene prioritization

Due to the numerous challenges in hit identification from random RNAi screening, we have examined current practices with a discovery of a variety of methodologies employed and published in many reports; majority of them, unfortunately, do not address the minimum associated criteria for hit nomination, as this could potentially have been the cause or may well be the explanation as to the lack of confirmation and follow up studies, currently facing the RNAi field. Overall, we find that these criteria or parameters are not well defined, in most cases arbitrary in nature, and hence rendering it extremely difficult to judge the quality of and confidence in nominated hits across published studies. For this purpose, we have developed a simple method to score actives independent of assay readout; and provide, for the first time, a homogenous platform enabling cross-comparison of active gene lists resulting from different RNAi screening technologies. Here, we report on our recently developed method dedicated to RNAi data output analysis referred to as the BDA method applicable to both arrayed and pooled RNAi technologies; wherein the concerns pertaining to inconsistent hit nomination and off-target silencing in conjugation with minimal activity criteria to identify a high value target are addressed. In this report, a combined hit rate per gene, called “H score”, is introduced and defined. The H score provides a very useful tool for stringent active gene nomination, gene list comparison across multiple studies, prioritization of hits, and evaluation of the quality of the nominated gene hits.
Social Cognition in Organizational Change: An Insider-Outsider Approach:

This article uses a joint insider-outsider research approach to understand the cognitive dynamics associated with implementation of a new empowerment schema. The schema was experientially developed by the founders of a group of teachers in a network of schools. An outside researcher and the two founders (the insiders) collaborated in a study of the dynamics associated with the implementation of the schema, focusing on the founders' implicit expectations regarding implementation and the cognitive processes involved in the teachers' reception of the schema. These expectations and cognitive processes were uncovered through analysis of dilemmas experienced when the founders implemented the schema at a faculty institute. On the basis of these dilemmas, the article suggests that certain cognitive processes are likely to be evoked in a group or organization when a new schema is introduced and that conflicts are likely to arise because of these cognitive processes.
High-speed silicon-based integrated optical modulators for optical-fiber telecommunications

A monolithically integrated silicon-based optical modulator is reviewed with respect to design and high-speed performance. The integrated silicon-based optical modulator consists of nested in-phase/quadrature Mach-Zehnder modulator operated in quadrature phase-shift keying formats. Design and performance of high-speed silicon ribwaveguide phase shifters and high-frequency coplanar-waveguide traveling-wave electrode are presented as key modulator elements which allow high-speed zero-chirp operation of the integrated optical modulator in the quadrature phase-shift keying formats. Transmission performance of the integrated optical modulator in differential quadrature phase-shift keying format is characterized in direct-detection constellation-diagram and bit-error-rate measurements towards 44.6-Gbit/s optical-fiber transmission. High-speed quadrature phase-shift keying operation is characterized in coherent-detection constellation-diagram measurements in C and L bands, and QPSK at bit rates up to 64-Gbit/s is presented. A partial-rib-waveguide polarization rotator, which is essential for 128-Gbit/s small-footprint silicon-based optical modulator for digital coherent communication, is described and high-extinction ratio low-loss polarization conversion over C and L bands is evidenced.
Purification of ornithine transcarbamylase from derepressed cells of Escherichia coli W.

Abstract Ornithine transcarbamylase has been extensively purified from derepressed cells of Escherichia coli W. This 125-fold purified preparation appears to be about 95% ornithine transcarbamylase as determined by zone electrophoresis. A preliminary sedimentation experiment shows a single peak moving at 7.4 S. Some properties of the enzyme are described. The pH optimum for citrulline formation is 8.5–8.9 and Michaelis constants are 1.96 × 10−4M for carbamyl phosphate and 1.5 × 10−3M for l -ornithine. The enzyme is specific for l -ornithine, is not activated by cations, and is sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents.
Upgrading the engineering curriculum through thematic learning modules

A National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored project was initiated in 2011 at the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (MME), Miami University, with the aim of creating online learning modules to increase the efficacy of the coursework. The modules were designed to instil proficiency in computational and experimental analysis, and were grouped along five thematic lines in the form of subject studios. The modules contain multimedia content and are designed for use as supplementary course material, or independently by students in preparation for research tasks or review of specific concepts from prior courses. When used to augment existing courses, a salient feature of the modules is the ability to introduce lab/experiment derived content to lecture-only course formats. This has been found to be particularly effective in engaging students and enabling the introduction of new topics with minimal disruption to the existing daily syllabus of a course. The project's development and implementation phase will end mid-year. Since assessment and continuous improvement were integral parts of the project, this paper presents data from the two year assessment process and describes the changes to the project. The paper also includes a discussion of plans for expansion of modules and practices for keeping content current.
Predicting the performance of a power amplifier using large-signal circuit simulations of an AlGaN/GaN HFET model

We have quantitatively modeled the conduction current and charge storage of an HFET in terms its physical dimensions and material properties. For DC or small-signal RF operation, no adjustable parameters are necessary to predict the terminal characteristics of the device. Linear performance measures such as small-signal gain and input admittance can be predicted directly from the geometric structure and material properties assumed for the device design. We have validated our model at low-frequency against experimental I-V measurements and against two-dimensional device simulations. We discuss our recent extension of our model to include a larger class of electron velocity-field curves. We also discuss the recent reformulation of our model to facilitate its implementation in commercial large-signal high-frequency circuit simulators. Large signal RF operation is more complex. First, the highest CW microwave power is fundamentally bounded by a brief, reversible channel breakdown in each RF cycle. Second, the highest experimental measurements of efficiency, power, or linearity always require harmonic load pull and possibly also harmonic source pull. Presently, our model accounts for these facts with an adjustable breakdown voltage and with adjustable load impedances and source impedances for the fundamental frequency and its harmonics. This has allowed us to validate our model for large signal RF conditions by simultaneously fitting experimental measurements of output power, gain, and power added efficiency of real devices. We show that the resulting model can be used to compare alternative device designs in terms of their large signal performance, such as their output power at 1dB gain compression or their third order intercept points. In addition, the model provides insight into new device physics features enabled by the unprecedented current and voltage levels of AlGaN/GaN HFETs, including non-ohmic resistance in the source access regions and partial depletion of the 2DEG in the drain access region.
Arterial baroreflex attenuation during and after continuous propofol infusion.

The reduction of arterial blood pressure produced by propofol maybe, in part, attributable to impaired baroreflex integrity. The purpose of this study was to investigate arterial baroreflex sensitivity during and after continuous propofol infusion. In urethane anaesthetized rabbits, left renal sympathetic nerves were exposed and placed on a bipolar silver electrode to record renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) via a femoral artery and heart rate (HR) by electrocardiogram were continuously recorded. The rabbits were divided into two groups of eight each: Group 1, propofol 5 mg · kg−1 bolus followed by infusion 0.5 mg · kg−1 · min−1; Group 2, propofol 2 mg · kg−1 bolus followed by 0.2 mg · kg−1 · min−1. Phenylephrine pressor and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) depressor tests were carried out before propofol was started (control), at 15 and 30 min during 30 min infusion, and at 15, 30 and 60 min after its discontinuation. The change of RSNA was plotted with respect to every 5 mmHg increment and decrement of MAP to construct sympathetic baroreflex sigmoid curves, and to evaluate baroreflex sensitivity. The baroreflex sensitivity was also evaluated by calculating the ratio of maximum increase of RSNA or HR to SNP-induced maximum decrease of MAP (ΔRSNA/ΔMAP, ΔHR/ΔMAP). Despite the same decreases or increases in MAP, RSNA was attenuated after 15 and 30 min of propofol infusion in both groups compared with control (P < 0.05). Decreased ΔRSNA/ΔMAP gradually returned to the control level 60 min after discontinuation of propofol in Group 1. The baroreflex sensitivity for control of HR was attenuated only at 30 min in the higher propofol infusion group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that propofol attenuates baroreflex sensitivity for control of RSNA in a dose-dependent manner during infusion. Although recovery from anaesthesia is rapid, our data indicate that the attenuated arterial baroreflex may persist after discontinuing propofol infusion.
Diagnosis and management of treatment-related osteoporosis in men with prostate carcinoma

Osteoporosis is a complication of androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate carcinoma. Androgen deprivation therapy, caused by either bilateral orchiectomy or treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, decreases bone mineral density and increases fracture risk. Other factors including diet and lifestyle may contribute to bone loss. There is limited information regarding the best strategy to prevent osteoporosis in men with prostate carcinoma. Lifestyle modification including smoking cessation, moderation of alcohol consumption, and regular weight-bearing exercise should be encouraged. Supplemental calcium and vitamin D are also recommended. Additional treatment may be warranted for men with osteoporosis, fractures, or high rates of bone loss during androgen deprivation therapy. Intravenous pamidronate, a second-generation bisphosphonate, prevents bone loss during androgen deprivation therapy. Zoledronic acid, a more potent third-generation bisphosphonate, not only prevents bone loss but also increases bone mineral density during androgen deprivation therapy. Other bisphosphonates may be effective although they have not been evaluated in this clinical setting. Treatment with estrogens or selective estrogen receptor modulators may also be effective. Monotherapy with bicalutamide or other antiandrogens may cause less bone loss than androgen deprivation therapy.
An intimate polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl acetate) ternary blend via coalescence from their common inclusion compound with γ‐cyclodextrin

In this study, we successfully report an intimate ternary blend system of polycarbonate (PC)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) obtained by the simultaneous coalescence of the three guest polymers from their common γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) inclusion compound (IC). The thermal transitions and the homogeneity of the coalesced ternary blend were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The observation of a single, common glass transition strongly suggests the presence of a homogeneous amorphous phase in the coalesced ternary polymer blend. This was further substantiated by solid-state 13 C NMR observation of the T 1ρ ( 1 H)s for each of the blend components. For comparison, ternary blends of PC/PMMA/PVAc were also prepared by traditional coprecipitation and solution casting methods. TGA data showed a thermal stability for the coalesced ternary blend that was improved over the coprecipitated blend, which was phase-segregated. The presence of possible interactions between the three polymer components was investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis indicates that the ternary blend of these polymers achieved by coalescence from their common γ-CD-IC results in a homogeneous polymer blend, possibly with improved properties, whereas coprecipitation and solution cast methods produced phase separated polymer blends. It was also found that control of the component polymer molar ratios plays a key role in the miscibility of their coalesced ternary blends. Coalescence of two or more normally immiscible polymers from their common CD-ICs appears to be a general method for obtaining well-mixed, intimate blends.
The role and prognostic significance of p53 gene alterations in breast cancer

Alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most frequent genetic changes found in breast cancer, with an incidence reported in a range of 15 to 50%. The incidence of p53 alterations is approximately 15% for in situ carcinoma, while for invasive node-positive disease it is 2 to 3 times higher. This high rate of alteration suggests that the gene plays a central role in the development of breast cancer. The p53 gene functions as a negative regulator of cell growth. Alterations in the gene lead to loss of its usual negative growth regulation and more rapid cell proliferation. Since p53 alteration can reflect a more advanced state of progression and a higher rate of proliferation, breast tumors that have a p53 alteration could have a greater probability of having micrometastasis. p53 alterations could therefore be a prognostic factor for recurrence after primary local therapy. Consistent with this hypothesis, several independent studies using different methodologies have found that breast tumors with altered p53 have a worse prognosis and are also more likely to have other poor prognostic factors.
The Economical Tradeoffs of Spectral Efficiency in OFDMA Cellular Systems

This paper provides the economical tradeoffs for supporting multiple services over an OFDMA cellular network. These tradeoffs are related to two conflicting goals: (1) maximizing coverage so as to lower the system cost; and (2) maximizing the number of end users so as to maximize revenues. This problem is formulated in terms of coverage spectral efficiency, which directly determines the system capacity. We will analyze how the coverage geometry and the service requirements affect the coverage spectral efficiency, which determines the revenue generation. This paper also shows how the channel impairments (shadow fading, fast fading, and co-channel inference) affect the economics of the OFDMA system.
Economic Dominants and Community Power: A Reputational and Decisional Analysis

. The study reported here used the reputational and the decisional approaches in order to ascertain the structures of power in two communities. Comparisons were made between power structures existing during 1969–70 in each community and between patterns of power previously discovered by application of the reputational approach in each city. Support for a combined reputational-decisional approach is provided. The methods also verify results of earlier reputational findings (1).
Morphine-induced conditioned taste aversions in the LEW/N and F344/N rat strains

Previous reports have shown that the LEW/N and F344/N inbred rat strains display a differential sensitivity to cocaine in a number of preparations, with the LEW/N rats displaying an increased sensitivity to both the reinforcing and aversive effects of cocaine (relative to the F344/N rats). Given that the LEW/N rats are also more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of morphine than the F344/N strain, the present experiment examined the ability of morphine to condition taste aversions in the LEW/N and F344/N strains to determine if the general sensitivity to cocaine generalizes to another drug of abuse. Specifically, on four conditioning trials, 35 LEW/N and 33 F344/N female rats were allowed access to a novel saccharin solution and then injected with varying doses of morphine (0, 10, 32 and 56 mg/kg). On intervening recovery days, subjects were allowed 20-min access to water. Following the fourth trial, a final aversion test was administered. The F344/N rats, but not the LEW/N rats, rapidly acquired morphine-induced taste aversions at all doses of morphine. Pharmacokinetic differences between the strains were also assessed. Specifically, 10 mg/kg morphine (or vehicle) was administered to subjects of both strains and plasma morphine levels were analyzed at 0.5, 2 and 4 h postinjection. No differences in plasma levels between the strains were observed. Unlike with cocaine, the LEW/N rats do not seem generally sensitive to morphine (relative to the F344/N rats). Rather, the differential sensitivity of the two strains to these compounds seems to be preparation dependent. Possible mechanisms underlying the differential sensitivity evident in the strains were discussed.
Hazardous-industry restructuring to avoid liability for accidents

Motivated by statistical and anecdotal evidence of hazardous-industry restructuring to avoid liability for accidents, this paper investigates how allowing for such restructuring affects the standard analysis of the judgment proof problem. It is shown that restructuring may either enhance or diminish the initial effect of imposing liability on accident rates and welfare. If the restructuring is towards smaller firms, the overall welfare effect of imposing liability may be negative. If it is towards larger firms, the overall welfare effect is unambiguously positive, but may paradoxically be enhanced if the restructuring can be prevented.
Application of the gel shift assay to study the affinity and specificity of anti-DNA autoantibodies

Abstract We have demonstrated that the gel shift assay, a powerful method to study protein · DNA interactions under equilibrium conditions, is both an accurate and precise method to measure the affinity of anti-DNA · DNA immune complexes. One difficulty in performing gel shift assays is disruption of protein · DNA equilibria during the time needed for complexes to enter the gel matrix. However, we have found that highly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels, which are known to form non-restrictive matrices, do not perturb anti-DNA·DNA complexes. Using anti-ssDNA BV04-01 as a model antibody, we find good agreement between the dissociation constants ( K d ) measureed in the gel shift assay using a 5.4% polyacrylamide gel cross-linked with 0.6% (bis)acrylamide, and those obtained previously by fluorescence quenching. Because gel shift assays require only nanogram quantities of analyte and can be performed in several hours, it is well suited for a range of anti-DNA binding studies.
A Novel TRUST-TECH Guided Branch-and-Bound Method for Nonlinear Integer Programming

Nonlinear integer programming has not reached the same level of maturity as linear programming, and is still difficult to solve, especially for large-scale systems. Branch-and-bound ( B&B) and its variants are widely used methods for integer programming, and numerical solutions obtained by them still can be far away from the global optimum. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to guide the deterministic/heuristic methods and the commercial solvers for nonlinear integer programming, and aim at improving the solution quality by taking advantage of transformation under stability-retraining equilibrium characterization (TRUST-TECH) method. Moreover, we examine the effectiveness by developing and simulating TRUST-TECH guided B&B and TRUST-TECH guided commercial solver(s), and compare their performance with that of the original methods/solvers (e.g., GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System)/ BARON, GAMS/SCIP, and LINDO (Linear, INteractive, Discrete Optimizer)/MINLP) and also with that of recently-reported evolutionary-algorithm (EA)-based methods. Simulation results provide evidence that, the solution quality is substantially improved, and the global-optimal solutions are usually obtained after the application of TRUST-TECH. The proposed approach can be immediately utilized to guide other EA-based methods and commercial solvers which incorporate intelligent searching components.
lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor: competitive binding of vitamin D analogs

Abstract The intestinal nuclear receptor for lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has been utilized to determine the ability of vitamin D-active sterols to compete with this hormone at the molecular level. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and lα-hydroxyvitamin D3 must be present in 150 and 450 times the concentration respectively of lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, in vitro , to displace the physiologic hormone. These data indicate that: i) superphysiologic levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may simulate lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and act directly on isolated target organs and ii) the biologic potency observed for low doses of lα-hydroxyvitamin D3, in vivo , is probably the result of 25-hidroxylation of the lα-derivative to form lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Analysis of Tobacco Revenue Settlement Bonds: Assessing Cigarette Consumption Decline Estimates

Tobacco settlement revenue (TSR) bonds have developed quickly as a major, higher-yielding municipal bond sector. These securities derive their required debt-service revenues from cigarette manufacturers, under provisions embedded in the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement. This article describes a methodology on the narrow but crucial topic of assessing cigarette consumption decline estimates, which is very important to the bond security. The research approach is to assess cigarette-smoking trends, via data sources apart from TSR bond official statements, and offer the results, as one among several tools, for analyzing the TSR bonds. The principal conclusion, based on the research methodology described in this article, is that the long-term cigarette smoking decline rate might be significantly steeper than the rate that has been assumed within typical TSR bond structures.
Perception of Odors Linked to Precise Timing in the Olfactory System

While the timing of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) relative to sniffing has been the object of many studies, the behavioral relevance of timing information generated by patterned activation within the bulbar response has not been explored. Here we show, using sniff-triggered, dynamic, 2-D, optogenetic stimulation of mitral/tufted cells, that virtual odors that differ by as little as 13 ms are distinguishable by mice. Further, mice are capable of discriminating a virtual odor movie based on an optically imaged OB odor response versus the same virtual odor devoid of temporal dynamics—independently of the sniff-phase. Together with studies showing the behavioral relevance of graded glomerular responses and the response timing relative to odor sampling, these results imply that the mammalian olfactory system is capable of very high transient information transmission rates.
Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair

For years, subscapularis tendon tears have been considered a relatively rare diagnosis with an incidence of 3.5%-8% among all rotator cuff tears. In recent years, however, the incidence of subscapularis tears has increased to 37%. This significant change has been mostly associated with a better understanding of anatomy and physical examination, improved radiographic imaging, and more prevalent use of arthroscopic technology. The purpose of this article is to provide a step-by-step outline of the latest evidence-based practice for arthroscopic subscapularis repair. We discuss the type of lesions, the anatomy of the subscapularis muscle, and its function. Furthermore, this article describes the mechanism of injury, physical examination findings, diagnostic tools and imaging, and treatment options available. The sections elaborate on arthroscopic surgical technique and key points in the postoperative rehabilitation process.
Further consideration of heuristic guidelines for multiple institution instructional development projects

This article elaborates on some of the heuristic dimensions of instructional development put forth by Haney, Lange, and Barson in the late sixties. In addition, several new heuristic guidelines are presented and more recent articles on heuristic guidelines are discussed. These new guidelines provide additional common sense approaches to instructional development (ID) which the authors discovered while working on a series of interinstitutional instructional development projects. The old and new heuristic approaches are based on first hand experience in the field. Some of the new guidelines are specific to multiple institution ID projects. Others have applicability for any type of ID project.
A sharp false alarm upper-bound for a matched filter bank detector

A sharp upper bound on the probability of false alarm, P/sub F/, of a matched filter bank detector over the class of input variates that are zero mean and have a specified covariance matrix, R/sub xx/, is derived. This bound is a function of the detector threshold, T, and R/sub xx/. It is shown that the bound is inversely proportional to T/sup 2/. Hence there may be a wide variation of P/sub F/ over the class since the P/sub F/ for Gaussian inputs varies as exp(-T/sup 2/). >
Environmental Policy and the Bush Era: The Collision Between the Administrative Presidency and State Experimentation

The Bush administration entered office in 2001 pledging to support active collaboration with states in environmental protection and pursued this approach in some early initiatives and appointments. This emphasis was rapidly abandoned, however, in favor of an effort to recentralize oversight in a manner consistent with historic attempts to establish an administrative presidency model. In response, states have demonstrated that they are not prepared to take a back seat to the federal government, probing for areas to pursue innovative opportunities at the same time that they challenge any instances of federal overreach or disengagement that they deem problematic. The result has been a steady increase in intergovernmental conflict from the previous decade.
Thrombolysis With Resolution of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Heart Transplant Candidate

We report a patient with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and high pulmonary resistance due to pulmonary emboli of unknown age. Successful thrombolytic therapy returned his pulmonary resistance to normal, allowing orthotopic cardiac transplantation. This case underscores the need to aggressively diagnose and treat pulmonary emboli in potential transplant candidates.
Transient Posterior Subcapsular Lens Opacities in Diabetes Mellitus

In three patients with transient cataracts the lenticular opacities were feathery in nature, and posterior subcapsular in location. They appeared to emanate from a dense central posterior subcapsular plaque. These opacities were examined with the slit lamp and documented photographically. The onset of cataract was abrupt in all three patients, and resolved over a three- to 36-day period. Two patients had bilateral reversible cataracts, and in one of these patients the lenticular opacities were recurrent. Two of the patients had been taking oral corticosteroids. Temporary cataracts have been previously reported in patients with poor diabetic control. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed in only one of our patients. Three-hour glucose tolerance testing of the other two patients disclosed mildly increased one-hour blood glucose levels. We believe that reversible lens opacities may occur in subclinical diabetes mellitus with normal or only mildly increased blood glucose levels.
Analytical thermal model for HEMTs with complex epitaxial structures

Although wide bandgap solid state devices are one of the most promising technologies for high power, high frequency applications, high device temperatures often lead to degraded performance and reliability. Thus, accurately predicting and maintaining device temperature at an acceptable level is a key to realizing the full potential of wide bandgap electronics. In this work, we present a closed-form analytical solution to the steady-state heat equation applicable to compound semiconductor high electronic mobility transistors (HEMTs), such as those based on gallium nitride (GaN). While numerical techniques are widely used to predict device temperature, our analytical solution is more computationally-efficient and can account for complex multi-layer structures, internal heat sources, and a variety of thermal interface conditions. Through a Fourier series-based solution and recursive relations for the Fourier coefficients in adjacent layers, we report manageable expressions for the Fourier coefficients. We also demonstrate that these solutions are two orders of magnitude more efficient than state of the art semi-analytical techniques for complex 3D structures. In addition, we have validated the model with high spatial resolution micro-Raman thermography measurements on GaN device structures.
Extrapolation designs and Φp-optimum designs for cubic regression on the q-ball

Abstract This paper continues earlier work of the authors in carrying out the program discussed in Kiefer (1975), of comparing the performance of designs under various optimality criteria. Designs for extrapolation problems are also obtained. The setting is that in which the controllable variable takes on values in the q -dimensional unit ball, and the regression is cubic. Thus, the ideas of comparison are tested for a model more complex than the quadratic models discussed previously. The E-optimum design performs well in terms of other criteria, as well as for extrapolation to larger balls. A method of simplifying the calculations to obtain approximately optimum designs, is illustrated.
Cellular responses to murine alloantigens of the major histocompatibility complex: the role of cell subpopulations that express different quantities of H-2 associated antigenic markers.

Subsets of lymphoid cells that function in the initiation and differentiation of cell-mediated responses to H-2-coded alloantigens were defined with an antiserum raised between congenic resistant lines of mice that differed for a limited number of components of the H-2 complex. Only those cells that express “Ia markers” can stimulate responses to H-2K, D and/or I region antigens in mixed lymphoid cell cultures, even though all lymphoid cells apparently express the H-2K and H-2D-coded private antigens. Ia markers, therefore, serve to distinguish the subset of cells which includes as its members the stimulating cells. The Ia marker(s) is expressed on the cell membrane of at least one of the two T cell subsets that collaborate in the development of T effector cells to H-2- associated alloantigens, i.e. precursors and helpers. The cells remaining after lysis with our antiserum plus complement no longer can respond in the MLR. Syngeneic non-T cells cannot reconstitute the response. Most activated and proliferating cells express the Ia determinant(s). A proportion of T effector or killer cells, however, does not express the Ia markers. We suggest, therefore, that the MLR-responsive cell in normal lymph nodes is an “activated” cell and the “Ia markers” are involved in the differentiation of T precursor to T effector cells. The end stage T effector probably is devoid of the Ia marker.
Elemental abundances for Nova V693 Coronae Austrinae 1981

We present an analysis of the UV spectra of the fast ONeMg nova V693 Coronae Austrinae 1981. Observations with IUE began on 1981 April 10 and continued until 1981 November 14. We find the reddening for the nova to be E (B V) ~0.2 ± 0.1. Using the photo ionization code CLOUDY 90.02 and the minimization routine MlNUIT, we derive elemental abundances for the ejecta. We find the following abundances, relative to solar material: He=1.3, C=2.S, N=132, 0=14, Ne=247, Mg=7.9, AI = 60 and Si = 22. These results are based on independent fits to three different dates of observation, spanning six months. We find a high N/O ratio which is indicative of an outburst on a massive white dwarf.
Arthur Andersen and the capital punishment debate

The paper may provide policy makers with another tool for analyzing the impact of disciplinary actions against public accounting firms. It analyzes the termination of US public accounting firm Arthur Andersen using arguments developed in the capital punishment debate and develops a paradigm for examining future actions against public accounting firms. The authors reviewed major arguments for and against capital punishment and assessed their usefulness as a tool in examining the Andersen case. A paradigm was then developed to assess the propriety of the action against Andersen and possible future cases. Most arguments regarding capital punishment were applicable to the Andersen case, allowing the authors to develop a template for assessing future disciplinary actions against public accounting firms. The “death penalty”, as applied to Arthur Andersen, was justified. While corporations are “legal persons”, they are obviously not human. This weakens (or renders moot) some of the most powerful arguments against capital punishment. Furthermore, this paradigm may be less useful in societies that prohibit capital punishment. Provides a unique way of examining the impact of disciplinary action against public accounting firms.
Lithium/water system : primary batteries

A study of the electrochemistry of lithium aimed to the development of aqueous batteries is presented. The study includes experimental characterization of lithium dissolution in concentrated aqueous KOH solutions. Gathering of the hydrogen evolved at the lithium surface allowed for the delineation of the partial cathodic processes at the anode. The experimental study is complemented with a theoretical model for the interfacial film separating the metal from the electrolyte. The model concludes that the porosity of the film is modified by the inclusion of additives into the KOH electrolyte. Both the hydrogen evolution (partial cathodic processes) and the total current density are impacted by film porosity changes. Cathode characterization is also relevant for the design of a high performance cell. DC and AC studies were performed on nickel and ruthenium cathodes. Special attention was placed on the evaluation of aging properties.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in American Indian school children and adolescents in the Aberdeen area: A population study

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in American Indian school children and adolescents in the Aberdeen area: A population study
Economics of cellulosic ethanol production in a thermochemical pathway for softwood, hardwood, corn stover and switchgrass

Abstract The economics of producing cellulosic ethanol using loblolly pine, natural mixed hardwood, Eucalyptus, corn stover, and switchgrass as feedstocks was simulated in Aspen Plus using the thermochemical process via indirect gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis developed by NREL. Outputs from the simulation were linked to an economic analysis spreadsheet to estimate NPV, IRR, payback and to run further sensitivity analysis of the different combinations of feedstocks. Results indicate that forest-based feedstocks including loblolly pine, natural hardwood and eucalyptus may present more attractive financial returns when compared to switchgrass and corn stover, mainly due to their composition (%C, %H, %ash) and alcohol yield. Simulated alcohol yields from forest-based feedstock were significantly higher than from switchgrass and corn stover. Simulations run with switchgrass and corn stover, also demonstrated greater sensitivity to changes in ethanol price, alcohol yield, capital investment and biomass costs. Furthermore, moisture content of receiving feedstocks greatly affected the economics of the biorefinery. A difference of − 10% in the moisture content of the receiving feedstock affected the NPV of the simulated project by + 25% (with respect to central NPV of ~$192 million).
Endocardiosis in rhesus monkeys

Endocardiosis was diagnosed as an incidental finding in two rhesus monkeys. The gross and histologic appearance of the lesions was described, and the similarity of this lesion to lesions of endocardiosis as found in dogs and man was discussed.
Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis.

Abstract Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis is a rare entity that has been described under many different names and constitutes a diagnostic challenge as it may simulate a neoplastic process. Herein, we report a case of a 61-year-old woman who presented to our institution complaining of left flank pain and was found to have normal levels of amylase and lipase. An abdominal magnetic resonance image showed thickening of the pancreatic tail and compression of the pancreatic duct. The radiographic differential included both chronic pancreatitis and a neoplastic process. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy, during which a pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Grossly, the pancreas contained a yellowish white, firm homogeneous mass measuring 6.5 × 3.3 × 2.9 cm involving the entire pancreatic tail and hilum of the spleen. Histologically, pancreatic sections showed extensive fibrosis admixed with an inflammatory infiltrate. This infiltrate was composed mainly of lymphocytes with multiple germinal centers, as well as plasma cells and eosinophils that surrounded pancreatic ducts and extended into the peripancreatic adipose tissue. No malignancy was identified, and the process was diagnosed as lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis.
Identification and Characterization of Nonchromate Corrosion Inhibitor Synergies Using High-Throughput Methods

Abstract The replacement of chromate corrosion inhibitors will require synergistic combinations of materials that can only be identified and characterized through experimentation at the present time. One approach to accelerate the discovery and characterization of materials is through the use of high-throughput screening (HTS) methods. This paper presents three methods developed for the HTS of corrosion inhibitors and their combinations for the aluminum aerospace alloy, AA2024-T3 (UNS A92024). Rapid assays for corrosion determination included direct current (DC) polarization, surface copper assessment, and fluorometric detection of Al3+. These methods increased experimental throughput by a factor of more than 1,000. Tests were conducted on single and binary combinations of cerium chloride (CeCl3), yttrium chloride (YCl3), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), europium chloride (EuCl3), gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), neodymium chloride (NdCl3), sodium metatungstate (NaWO4-3WO3), sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), sodium mol...
Percutaneous mechanical thrombolysis and thrombectomy

Devices and methods for mechanically dissolving (thrombolysis) and removing (thrombectomy) thrombus using a percutaneous approach have been developed to address the deficiencies of the previously available methods of treating thrombus, namely Fogarty balloon thromboembolectomy and pharmacologic thrombolysis. Goals of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) include faster, safer, and less expensive treatment of vascular thrombosis, either alone or in conjunction with prior methods. PMT devices have rapidly assumed a role in declotting thrombosed hemodialysis access synthetic grafts, and may eventually play an integral part in many other thrombotic conditions. However, significant device refinement and modification, as well as properly conducted clinical trials, will be necessary before routine use in many applications can be advocated. In this article, each of the PMT devices currently (or soon to be) available in the United States are presented and compared. Each is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use only in hemodialysis access at the present time.
125I-Labeling of platelet proteins with Bolton-Hunter reagent.

Treatment of washed, intact platelets with Bolton-Hunter reagent is a satisfactory method for /sup 125/I-labeling of many platelet proteins. Analysis by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography shows that the major platelet cytoskeletal proteins and at least four surface-exposed proteins are labeled. The method allows the identification of these labeled proteins in amounts that are below the limits of detection by Coomassie blue staining. Two granule proteins, thrombospondin and fibrinogen, are slightly labeled. Conditions of labeling do not appear to affect platelet structure or function, as assessed by phase-contrast microscopy, /sup 51/CrO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ release, and aggregation in response to thrombin or fibrinogen/adenosine-5'-diphosphate.
Postprandial changes in serum amino acids of channel catfish fed diets containing different levels of protein and energy

Abstract Five purified diets were utilized to investigate the effect of varying protein and energy intake on postprandial changes in systemic serum amino acid levels of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ). The diets contained 25, 30 or 35% crude protein at one of three different energy levels. Systemic serum free amino acids and glucose were determined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after feeding each diet. In general, for each diet tested, most of the systemic serum free amino acid levels increased within 2 h after feeding, remained elevated for up to 12 h, and returned to fasting levels within 24 h after feeding. Varying the protein to energy ratios in the diets did not profoundly affect postprandial systemic serum free amino acid patterns. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of systemic serum free essential amino acids and dietary levels. No such correlation was observed for non-essential amino acids. Serine and alanine were the most abundant free amino acids in catfish serum. Glutamic acid, glycine and proline remained relatively low throughout all treatments. A reciprocal relationship was observed between levels of glucose and total free amino acids in the serum.
Ex vivo biomechanical behavior of abdominal aortic aneurysm : Assessment using a new mathematical model

Knowledge of the biomechanical behavior of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) as compared to nonaneurysmal aorta may provide information on the natural history of this disease. We have performed uniaxial tensile testing of excised human aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal abdominal aortic specimens. A new mathematical model that conforms to the fibrous structure of the vascular tissue was used to quantify the measured elastic response. We determined for each specimen the yield σy and ultimate σu strengths, the separate contribution to total tissue stiffness by elastin (E E) and collagen (E C) fibers, and a collagen recruitment parameter (A), which is a measure of the tortuosity of the collagen fibers. There was no significant difference in any of these mechanical properties between longitudinal and circumferential AAA specimens, nor inE E andE C between longitudinally oriented aneurysmal and normal specimens.A, σy, and σu were all significantly higher for the normal than for the aneurysmal group:A=0.223±0.046versus A=0.091±0.009 (mean ± SEM;p<0.0005), σy versus σy (p<0.05), and σu versus σu (p<0.0005), respectively. Our findings suggest that the AAA tissue is isotropic with respect to these mechanical properties. The observed difference inA between aneurysmal and normal aorta may be due to the complete recruitment and loading of collagen fibers at lower extensions in the former. Our data indicate that AAA rupture may be related to a reduction in tensile strength and that the biomechanical properties of AAA should be considered in assessing the severity of an individual aneurysm.
Use of monoclonal anti-rat IgE in a radioimmunoassay for antigen specific rat IgE

A monoclonal mouse anti-rat IgE, ELIVB5 (B5) was used in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) to detect antigen specific IgE in antisera from rats infected with a larval nematode. Binding of 125I-labeled B5 was specific for rat IgE and did not crossreact with human IgE. The RIA was used to demonstrate crossreactivity between antigens of closely related larval nematodes.
The structure of partially premixed methane flames in high-intensity turbulent flows

Abstract Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are conducted to study the structure of partially premixed and non-premixed methane flames in high-intensity two-dimensional isotropic turbulent flows. The results obtained via “flame normal analysis” show local extinction and reignition for both non-premixed and partially premixed flames. Dynamical analysis of the flame with a Lagrangian method indicates that the time integrated strain rate characterizes the finite-rate chemistry effects and the flame extinction better than the strain rate. It is observed that the flame behavior is affected by the “pressure-dilatation” and “viscous-dissipation” in addition to strain rate. Consistent with previous studies, high vorticity values are detected close to the reaction zone, where the vorticity generation by the “baroclinic torque” was found to be significant. The influences of (initial) Reynolds and Damkohler numbers, and various air–fuel premixing levels on flame and turbulence variables are also studied. It is observed that the flame extinction occurs similarly in flames with different fuel–air premixing. Our simulations also indicate that the CO emission increases as the partial premixing of the fuel with air increases. Higher values of the temperature, the OH mass fraction and the CO mass fraction are observed within the flame zone at higher Reynolds numbers.
Fixed point theorems and dissipative processes.

The deficiencies of the theories that characterize the maximal compact invariant set of T as asymptotically stable, and that some iterate of T has a fixed point are discussed. It is shown that this fixed point condition is always satisfied for condensing and local dissipative T. Applications are given to a class of neutral functional differential equations.