cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Bard’s Blunder—Debunking the Myth Around Rhinophyma

While the eyes are commonly referred to as windows to the soul, studies suggest that the nose could be the door. This most conspicuous facial feature has been shown to influence body image, selfperception, and even personality. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons reports rhinoplasty to be one of the most commonly requested surgical procedures; positive outcomes of these procedures have been shown to ameliorate psychological suffering due to deformities of the nose, to have beneficial psychological implications, and even to allow patients to feel more comfortable with their identity. 1 The role of the nose in shaping one’s image in society is best exemplified through rhinophyma, an end-stage form of rosacea affecting primarily men ages 50 to 70 years, leads to enlargement, fibrosis, and telangiectasia of the nose, and has long been associated with a love of drink. Although alcohol and other substances, such as caffeine, cause local vasodilation that can exacerbate the symptoms, the cause has yet to be elucidated. 2 The common misconception involving alcohol and rhinophyma is illustrated and propagated throughout classical literature. In Macbeth, Shakespeare’s characters warn their readers, “Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things…nose-painting, sleep, and urine. Lechery, sir, it provokes and unprovokes,” thus mercilessly linking a red nose to alcohol and shameful behavior. The Pardoner in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales highlights the vices of alcohol through emphasizing its role in disfiguring the face and focuses on the snoring sound of the nose:
Catalyst for Improved Programs

(1960). Catalyst for Improved Programs. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 33-34.
Application Research of Wireless Location Technology in Outpatient Information System

The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several different wireless location technologies,introduces its application for outpatient information system,including digital guidance for patients,wireless outpatient infusion system,medical equipment and asset management,drug positioning and automatic stock management,personnel positioning,calling system,infusion patients sign detection,etc.
N-Oxides light up energetic performances: synthesis and characterization of dinitraminobisfuroxans and their salts

4,4′-Diamino-[3,3′-bi(1,2,5-oxadiazole)]-5,5′-dioxide and 4,4′-diamino-[3,3′-bi(1,2,5-oxadiazole)]-2,2′-dioxide were nitrated in 100% HNO3 at −10 °C to give 4,4′-dinitramino-[3,3′-bi(1,2,5-oxadiazole)]-5,5′-dioxide (3) and 4,4′-diamino-[3,3′-bi(1,2,5-oxadiazole)]-2,2′-dioxide (4). Nine nitrogen-rich salts were prepared and were characterized by infrared and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray single crystal diffraction in some cases. Their detonation properties were evaluated by EXPLO 5 code using the measured density and calculated heat of formation. The sensitivities were determined by standard BAM methods. Several of the new molecules exhibit detonation and other properties which compete with or exceed those of HMX.
Toward Mixed-Initiative Email Clustering.

Organizing data into hierarchies is natural for humans. However, there is little work in machine learning that explores human-machine mixed-initiative approaches to organizing data into hierarchical clusters. In this paper we consider mixed-initiative clustering of a user’s email, in which the machine produces (initial and retrained) hierarchical clusterings of email, and the user reviews and edits the initial hierarchical clustering, providing constraints on the re-trained clustering model. Key challenges include (a) determining types of feedback that users will find natural to provide, (b) developing hierarchical clustering and retraining algorithms capable of accepting these types of user feedback, (c) understanding how machine’s clustering results and user feedback affect each other.
Collective (re)creation as site of reclamation, reaffirmation, and redefinition

The essay that follows draws on more than thirty years of performance devising and creation. Initially trained as a Western theatre artist, since 1989 my work has focused primarily on indigenous performance. While at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, I served as artistic director of Tuma Theatre, an Alaska Native performance company, for which I developed eight performances based on ritual and traditional performance. My work with Alaska Natives provided a template and evolved into Litooma, an ongoing intercultural project that has conducted research and workshops, and created performances with the Zulu in South Africa and with groups in Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Korea, India, Nepal, China, Russia, and the Republic of Sakha, central Siberia. Most recently, I facilitated development of a devised performance, Andgena [The First], during a four-month residency in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. My work with indigenous groups folds ritual, research, performance, tradition, and drama therapy to create place-specific, post-disciplinary expressions so as to reimagine the role and function of performance in a rapidly globalizing world threatened with environmental collapse.
DNA Bending by Proteins: Utilizing Plasmid pBendAT as a Tool

Protein-induced DNA bending plays a key role in many essential biological processes, such as DNA replication, recombination, and transcription, and can be analyzed by a variety of biochemical and biophysical methods, such as electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and DNA ring closure assay. In this chapter, I will provide a detailed protocol for studying protein-induced DNA bending by utilizing the plasmid pBendAT. pBendAT carries a 230 bp DNA segment containing five pairs of restriction-endonuclease recognition sites and can be used to produce a set of five DNA fragments of identical length, with each fragment having a different positioning of a protein-binding site. Binding of a protein to this site will divide a DNA fragment into two DNA segments. If protein binding leads to DNA bending, then the two DNA segments will be at an angle to each other and the distance between the DNA ends will shorten. As a result, the gel mobility of the protein-DNA complex will be affected as the mobility of a rigid DNA fragment is inversely proportional to the end-to-end distance. Therefore, by analyzing how the position of protein binding within a fragment affects the gel mobility of the protein-DNA complexes, we are able to determine the DNA bending angle and the location of the bend. The DNA fragments of identical length can also be conveniently generated by PCR amplification using pBendAT as the DNA template. Since the 230 bp DNA fragment of pBendAT does not contain more than two consecutive AT base pairs, pBendAT is particularly suitable for the assessment of DNA bending induced by proteins recognizing AT-rich DNA sequences cloned in the 230 bp DNA fragment.
The Role of Digitalis in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Although digitalis is useful in the control of atrial tachyarrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction or in patients in the subacute or chronic phases of myocardial infarction when congestive heart failure is present, it is not the treatment of choice in certain other circumstances. The risks and benefits of digitalis therapy are explored.
Asia in Japan's Embrace: The Labor Network

It is 7:45 a.m. In Petaling Jaya, a suburb of Kuala Lumpur, 2,000 men and women wearing the light blue uniforms of Matsushita twist their torsos back and forth. Back and forth. After five minutes of calisthenics, they begin singing the company song and reciting – in Malay or English – the company creed. Then, before they finally knuckle down to the chore of assembling truckloads of air conditioners, the Matsushita workers break into small groups to discuss production issues with their supervisors. While carefully choreographed in Japan, this daily ritual is performed with only minor variations on Matsushita shopfloors all over the world. Here in Petaling Jaya, for example, a revised version of the company song exhorts employees to not only “produce forever general appliances for the people,” but also to “create a new Malaysia.” And in the morning meetings, any mention of race, religion, or politics – all potentially volatile topics in this heterogeneous society – is strictly prohibited. Otherwise, a Matsushita employee's day in Malaysia proceeds like a Matsushita employee's day in Japan. This is, of course, no accident. The company is firmly committed to a paternalistic employment system that has demonstrated its ability to increase productivity over time. And Matsushita is not alone. As they have expanded beyond Japan to set up plants all over the globe, other large manufacturers have tried to replicate a distinctively “Japanese” style of management. Karatsu Hajime, a Japanese professor of technology development, says Japan's overseas production facilities are “mini-Japans.”
Stand and be counted: the neo-Darwinian synthesis and the ascension of bipedalism as an essential hominid synapomorphy.

Since its inception in the early- to middle-nineteenth century, human origins studies have been informed by a variety of disciplines beyond physical anthropology and archaeology, most notably geology and biology. This study examines dramatic changes within human origins research that occurred in the mid-twentieth century largely as a consequence of the dissemination of the neo-Darwinian synthesis from biology (sensu lato) into the "new" physical anthropology. This paradigm shift resulted in foregrounding evolution as a process affecting variable populations over exercises in typological classification. It led to the acknowledgement of bipedalism as the earliest hominid 1 adaptation, preceding other important changes in morphology (e.g. increased encephalization quotient) and behavior (e.g. stone tool manufacture and use). An important corollary of the recognition of a bipedal ape phase in our ancestry was the decoupling of the grade category "human" from the phylogenetic term "hominid.".
Quantifying sustainability: industrial ecology, materials flow and life cycle analysis

Abstract: This chapter introduces the field of industrial ecology, including an exploration of its main tool, life cycle analysis (LCA), and discusses how it relates to metropolitan sustainability. The chapter first goes through a brief history of the development of LCA, then runs through some examples of its application to urban sustainability measurement. It also briefly touches on other tools such as materials flow analysis and concludes with an applied example of LCA and a discussion of its benefits and drawbacks.
Shear wave elastography of the supraspinatus muscle and tendon: Repeatability and preliminary findings

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a promising tool for estimating musculoskeletal tissue properties, but few studies have rigorously assessed its repeatability and sources of error. The objectives of this study were to assess: (1) the extent to which probe positioning error and human user error influence measurement accuracy, (2) intra-user, inter-user, and day-to-day repeatability, and (3) the extent to which active and passive conditions affect shear wave speed (SWS) repeatability. Probe positioning and human usage errors were assessed by acquiring SWE images from custom ultrasound phantoms. Intra- and inter-user repeatability were assessed by two users acquiring five trials of supraspinatus muscle and tendon SWE images from ten human subjects. To assess day-to-day repeatability, five of the subjects were tested a second time, approximately 24h later. Imaging of the phantoms indicated high inter-user repeatability, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of 0.68-0.85, and RMS errors of no more than 4.1%. SWE imaging of the supraspinatus muscle and tendon had high repeatability, with intra- and inter-user ICC values of greater than 0.87 and 0.73, respectively. Day-to-day repeatability demonstrated ICC values greater than 0.33 for passive muscle, 0.48 for passive tendon, 0.65 for active muscle, and 0.94 for active tendon. This study indicates the technique has good to very good intra- and inter-user repeatability, and day-to-day repeatability is appreciably higher when SWE images are acquired under a low level of muscle activation. The findings from this study establish the feasibility and repeatability of SWE for acquiring data longitudinally in human subjects.
Phosphorylation of WRINKLED1 by KIN10 Results in Its Proteasomal Degradation, Providing a Link between Energy Homeostasis and Lipid Biosynthesis

WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a member of the APETALA2 (AP2) class of transcription factors, positively regulates glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we identify mechanistic links between KIN10, the major SUCROSE NON-FERMENTATION1-RELATED KINASE1 involved in sugar/energy homeostasis, and the posttranslational regulation of WRI1. Transient expression of WRI1 with OLEOSIN1 in Nicotiana benthamiana stimulates triacylglycerol accumulation, but their coexpression with KIN10 abrogates this effect by inducing proteasomal degradation of WRI1. While WRI1 lacks canonical KIN10 target sequences, we demonstrated direct KIN10-dependent phosphorylation of WRI1 using purified Escherichia coli-expressed components. The resulting phosphorylated WRI1 was more rapidly degraded than native WRI1 in cell-free degradation assays. WRI1 phosphorylation was localized to two variants of the canonical KIN10 recognition sequence, one in each of its two AP2 DNA binding domains. Conversion of the phosphorylation sites at Thr-70 and Ser-166 to Ala resulted in a loss of KIN10-dependent phosphorylation, and when coexpressed with KIN10 the WRI1 double mutant accumulated to 2- to 3-fold higher levels than native WRI1. KIN10-dependent degradation of WRI1 provides a homeostatic mechanism that favors lipid biosynthesis when intracellular sugar levels are elevated and KIN10 is inhibited; conversely, glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis are curtailed as sugar levels decrease and KIN10 regains activity.
Editorial Vol 18(1)

We received a generous response to the initial call for papers for this special issue, which extended the anticipated timeframe for publication. We thank all of the authors and reviewers for their patience in working with us throughout the publication process. We would also like to thank Margaret Adamek, Kadie Booth, Valerie Decker, and Michael Hernandez for their help in bringing this issue to press. Although we were unable to include all of the submissions in this issue, we were impressed with the scope of work being done in this field as well as the compassion, creativity and dedication of individuals working in this area. We look forward to the continuing evolution of our understanding of trauma and effective ways of addressing trauma and hope that this issue contributes to that process.
The health of the homeless

Studies of homelessness and health date back to at least the 1970s. The current paper presents a summary on the state of the literature on homelessness and health since the onset of Housing First initiatives. Housing First initiatives represent a change in the previously used model used by social services providers and government agencies from recovery first to housing first, a recognition that homeless people should be housed before contending with other issues such as mental health treatment. Since this time, researchers have pushed research inquiry into areas that were only touched on lightly before. These new areas of research fall generally into that categories of access and utilization, newer demographics, and emerging health concerns. Each of these areas is thoroughly reviewed in the paper. Despite Housing First legislation, homelessness continues to threaten the health of the urban population and will continue to do so as long as it is allowed to persist.
Reserves as double-edged sword: Avoidance behavior in an urban-adjacent wildland

Abstract Human activities affect wildlife in a variety of direct (e.g., hunting, supplemental feeding, and culling) and indirect (e.g., displacement from habitat loss, competition with introduced invasive species, and avoidance of human-dominated landscapes) ways. Even ostensibly benign activities such as hiking or horseback riding in established parks may affect the spatial and temporal activity patterns of wildlife species. Characterization and quantification of effects is essential if parks and other protected areas are to balance the dual needs to nurture an appreciation of wildlands or satisfy a need to encounter nature (sensu the biophilia hypotheses) and to ensure that wild animals can survive and reproduce. We explored how human presence affects wildlife presence in a spatially extensive system of camera traps established in various protected areas in coastal southern California. To characterize and quantify effects we developed a conceptual framework on the basis of joint probabilities of occurrence on a per-camera basis and created a novel statistical approach to assess whether observed probabilities of co-occurrence differed from expected probabilities of co-occurrence. We found that same-day co-occurrence of wildlife and humans was significantly lower than expected at > 90% of the cameras established. This pattern held across sites, across the seven species of large and medium-sized mammals (Bobcat Lynx rufus, Mountain Lion Puma concolor, Gray Fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Coyote Canis latrans, Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis, Northern Raccoon Procyon lotor, and Mule Deer Odocoileis hemionus), and across the five types of human disturbance examined (hikers, bicyclists, domestic dogs, vehicles, and equestrians). Our results demonstrate that human presence acutely affects same-day wildlife detections in protected areas, supporting the hypothesis that avoidance behaviour is a type of “mortality-free predation.” Adaptive and flexible management plans need to be established, evaluated, and updated regularly to facilitate the human nature experience while lessening as much as possible long-term degradation of wildlife habitat. Wildlife in urban-adjacent preserves constitute a major part of the nature experience by humans and require effective management of pressures for use and recreation along aside those for wildlife habitat needs.
Subtyping the Risk of Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer for Active Surveillance Based on Adverse Pathology at Radical Prostatectomy

Purpose: Intermediate risk prostate cancer is a heterogenous classification with favorable proposed criteria based on men treated with radiation therapy. However, there is uncertain application to active surveillance. We quantified the rate of adverse surgical pathology and implications for survival in patients at favorable intermediate risk compared to those with low risk prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: We performed a comparative cohort study of men with prostate cancer from 2009 to 2013 in the National Cancer Database who underwent radical prostatectomy. The study primary end point was adverse pathology, defined as Grade Group 3 or greater/pT3b/pN1. Various favorable intermediate risk definitions were evaluated, including the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center definition of Grade Group 2 or less with only 1 intermediate risk factor (Grade Group 2/cT2b/prostate specific antigen 10 to 20 ng/ml), which we defined as type 1 intermediate risk. The remaining patients at intermediate risk were class...
Daily Stress Reactivity Across the Life span: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Effects of Age

Objective Exploration of development requires the use of research designs and process-oriented methodologies that can capture daily fluctuations within individuals, systematic changes within individuals, and differences between individuals. We examine the stress-affect relationship in this way to assess how the relationship between daily stress and negative affect (NA) as well as the relationship between daily stress and positive affect (PA) differs between individuals and changes over time depending on age and stress differences. Method Participants (N = 966) completed daily "burst" assessments of stress, NA, and PA. Three-level multilevel models depicted how cross-sectional age, within-person age changes, and global stress differences impact the daily stress-affect relationship. Results Findings illustrate that cross-sectional age and the aging process uniquely buffer the stress-NA relationship whereas global stress exacerbates it. Furthermore, older adults as well as adults with low global stress experience a weaker relationship between daily stress and PA as they age, but midlife adults and adults with high global stress experience a stronger relationship. Discussion These results depict differences in aging trajectories for both midlife and older adults and thus inform intervention and preventative care strategies aimed toward promoting stress regulation.
High Temperature Corrosion of Alumina-forming Iron, Nickel and Cobalt-base Alloys

This chapter discusses the oxidation behavior of alumina-forming alloys, particularly MCrAl and M(Al) where M is Fe, Ni, and to a lesser extent, Co. These alloys owe their high temperature oxidation resistance to the formation of a dense protective, external alumina scale. (Alumina-forming coatings and intermetallics are covered in a separate chapter.) Topics that are covered include the criteria for forming an alumina scale and the various stages of alumina formation in O2 or air: the transient, steady-state, and breakaway oxidation (i.e., when the alloy can no longer form a protective scale). These sections include the formation of metastable cubic alumina phases, the growth mechanism, factors affecting scale adhesion including the addition of reactive (or rare-earth) elements and lifetime components. The last section covers the behavior of these materials in the presence of different oxidants, for example, H2O, S, C, or N. The examples given include both commercial and model alumina-forming alloys and rely heavily on the oxidation database of the Corrosion Science and Technology Group in the Materials Science and Technology Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, TN.
The Relationship between Assessment and the Organization and Practice of Teaching

In this article, the authors show that strategies for adapting instruction to students can range from formal external, standardized assessments to informal teacher judgments deeply embedded in day-to-day classroom practice. Both forms of assessments also differ in the epistemological assumptions underlying them. Some strategies are grounded in an associationist theory of knowledge and others in an interpretive theory of knowing and learning. These assessments comprise a two-dimensional assessment space that shows how goals of reliable measurement and agile response to individual students can sometimes conflict.
Catabolism of Sialyl Compounds in Nature

While sialic acid exists in free form, or as a part of relatively small heterosaccharide molecules, the major portion of naturally occurring sialic acid is present as a constituent of either glycoproteins or gangliosides.* Distribution of these sialic-acid-containing compounds in nature and their biosynthesis, are dealt with in Chapters 2 and 4. As for any other chemical constituents of biological systems, sialic acids exist in a metabolically dynamic state which, naturally, is the net result of constant biosynthesis and degradation.
The Business Cycle and Bank Failures

In this study, we examine the relation between the business cycle and bank failures in the US. We first look at the frequency of bank failures across expansionary and recessionary periods. Then, we examine the treatment of the failed banks by the FDIC across expansionary and recessionary periods. Finally, we compare the failed banks’ characteristics like total deposits, total assets, and estimated losses across expansionary and recessionary periods. Our results show that the 2001 recession was not a significant period in terms of bank failures. In fact, in terms of failures, the 2001 recession was not worse than the expansionary periods that come before and after it. However, our findings indicate that the 2008 recession has been much more severe compared to the 2001 recession and the expansionary periods. Also, the failed banks during the 2008 recession have been much larger firms with significantly higher loss figures when compared to the banks that failed during the 2001 recession and the expansionary periods. Our results also show that the banks that failed during the 2001 recession had similar characteristics to the banks that failed during the expansionary periods.
Intellectual Disability, Sexual Assault, and Empowerment

Girls and women with intellectual disabilities, such as Down syndrome, have a shockingly high rate of rape and sexual assault—12 times the rate of persons without disabilities. The perpetrators are often caretakers, who repeatedly violate them. Empowerment is a better framework than autonomy to address this crisis. A conception of autonomy common in healthcare is individualistic and stresses rationality. It may disempower those deemed not competent to make autonomous decisions. By contrast, empowerment calls for changes that are nuanced, political, and far-reaching. An individual is empowered when some or all of the following occur: (a) one is involved in long-term projects (b) which make one feel energized and more confident in one’s ability to make changes in one’s life or society, (c) while developing traits and capacities which help one to shape one’s life, (d) often while being supported by—and supporting—others in a group or community effort with which one identifies, (e) thus enhancing one’s particular skills, relationships, self-concept, and long-term well-being. Empowerment involves (f) seeking changes in laws, institutional policies, and the attitudes and behavior of other people. Here, the aim is transitioning to a more inclusive, caring and just society that values the “person first.”
Gulf Coast Port Selection Using Multiple-Objective Decision Analysis

In today’s competitive global markets, ports play a vital role in global supply chain operations. A port selection model was developed to demonstrate the potential to aid shipping line companies wi...
The utility of retrograde pyelography to follow up incompletely opacified ureters on CT urography.

Retrograde pyelography (RPG) is used in some centers to further evaluate patients with incompletely opacified segments on CT urography (CTU). This study intends to evaluate the utility of this imaging combination in terms of the yield of abnormal findings on the follow up RPG. In this retrospective study, we searched the radiology database over a three-year period (11/1/2015–10/30/2018) for patients who had a CTU and then a diagnostic RPG within 180 days. Images and reports were reviewed from this period for patients who met the inclusion criteria. 292 patients underwent a CTU with follow up RPG over the search period. 131/292 RPGs (44.9%) were performed because the CTU described at least one incompletely opacified ureteral segment. Of the 148 ureters evaluated in these 131 patients, 4 ureters (2.7%) showed an abnormality on follow up retrograde pyelogram—two revealed a stricture at the unfilled segment, and two revealed contour irregularity in the distal ureter (biopsy showed urothelial cell carcinoma in these two). There is a relatively low yield for detecting ureteral abnormalities when a retrograde pyelogram is performed after a CTU to evaluate an incompletely opacified ureteral segment—2.7% in our study, with only two of these incompletely opacified segments containing urothelial cancer (1.4%). In these two cases, a ureteral abnormality was visible on the CTU and RPG would seem to have a very low yield for follow up of unopacified ureteral segments if the ureters are otherwise normal-appearing on CTU and there is no hydronephrosis.
Development of Point-Of-Care Testing Devices to Improve Clozapine Prescribing Habits and Patient Outcomes

Although clozapine has demonstrated superior efficacy in patients with schizophrenia and other serious mental health illness, drug utilization rates are significantly low due to safety concerns and administration challenges. Previous research indicates that current barriers to clozapine use include lack of confidence and knowledge by prescriber, therapeutic monitoring requirements, lack of support and infrastructure to for adequate monitoring and patient adherence, and inadequate understanding of clozapine's benefit-risk profile by policy makers and payers. One potential solution to optimizing clozapine therapy and improving clinical outcomes is the use of point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. Although the drug development process for currently used therapeutics is widely acknowledged, little is known regarding the development of POCT devices by the clinical community. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the regulatory approval process and current availability of POCT devices for monitoring clozapine therapeutics. The potential role of POCT devices in clinical trials to inform personalized dosing strategies and improve patient outcomes will also be discussed.
Proposal for testing the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect with superconductors

The phase of the wave function of charged matter is sensitive to the value of the electric potential, even when the matter never enters any region with nonvanishing electromagnetic fields. Despite its fundamental character, this archetypal electric Aharonov-Bohm effect has evidently never been observed. We propose an experiment to detect the electric potential through its coupling to the superconducting order parameter. A potential difference between two superconductors will induce a relative phase shift that is observable via the DC Josephson effect even when no electromagnetic fields ever act on the superconductors, and even if the potential difference is later reduced to zero. This is a type of electromagnetic memory effect, and would directly demonstrate the physical significance of the electric potential.
Fully-Automated Diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis Using Phonocardiogram-Based Features *

The irreversible damage and eventual heart failure caused by untreated aortic stenosis (AS) can be prevented by early detection and timely intervention. Prior work in the field of phonocardiogram (PCG) signal analysis has provided proof of concept for using heart-sound data in AS diagnosis. However, such systems either require operation by trained technicians, fail to address a diverse subject set, or involve unwieldy configuration procedures that challenge real-world application. This paper presents an end-to-end, fully-automated system that uses noise-subtraction, heartbeat-segmentation and quality-assurance algorithms to extract physiologically-motivated features from PCG signals to diagnose AS. When tested on n=96 patients showing a diverse set of cardiac and non-cardiac conditions, the system was able to diagnose AS with 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity.
Moderators’ Report and Discussions

The purpose of this section is to present an account of the discussions of the two working groups. First is a report by the moderators of the tumor compound group followed by a general discussion. Second is a report by moderators of the dose rate group followed by a discussion.
Agricultural productivity, the real effective exchange rate, and structural change: Some evidence from Africa

Agriculture is thought to play a number of roles in the early development process. All of these roles involve fostering non‐agricultural development, in particular manufacturing. It is argued in this paper that agriculture plays a role that has hitherto been ignored. Specifically, if agricultural labor productivity increases faster than manufacturing labor productivity, the real effective exchange rate will depreciate. This depreciation of real effective exchange rate occurs because in very poor countries agriculture makes up the dominant share of both GDP and employment. The depreciation also makes it easier for a country to expand the production of tradables relative to nontradables, with manufacturing being the main tradable. This proposition, which as agricultural labor productivity increases relative to manufacturing labor productivity the real effective exchange rate depreciates, is tested using data drawn from 10 sub‐Saharan African countries.
Bringing the Laboratory Home: PANDABox Telehealth-Based Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Risk in Children.

Background. Advances in clinical trials have revealed a pressing need for outcome measures appropriate for children with neurogenetic syndromes. However, the field lacks a standardized, flexible protocol for collecting laboratory-grade experimental data remotely. To address this challenge, we developed PANDABox (Parent-Administered Neurodevelopmental Assessment), a caregiver-facilitated, remotely administered assessment protocol for collecting integrated and high quality clinical, behavioral, and spectral data relevant to a wide array of research questions. Here, we describe PANDABox development and report preliminary data regarding: (1) logistics and cost, (2) caregiver fidelity and satisfaction, and (3) data quality. Methods. We administered PANDABox to a cohort of 16 geographically diverse caregivers and their infants with Down syndrome. Tasks assessed attention, language, motor, and atypical behaviors. Behavioral and physiological data were synchronized and coded offline by trained research assistants. Results. PANDABox required low resources to administer and was well received by families, with high caregiver fidelity (94%) and infant engagement (91%), as well as high caregiver-reported satisfaction (97% positive). Missing data rates were low for video frames (3%) and vocalization recordings (6%) but were higher for heart rate (25% fully missing, 13% partially missing) and discrete behavioral presses (8% technical issues; 19% not enough codable behavior), reflecting the increased technical demands for these activities. Conclusions. With further development, low-cost laboratory-grade research protocols may be remotely administered by caregivers in the family home, opening a new frontier for cost-efficient, scalable assessment studies for children with neurogenetic syndromes other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Model Specification and Risk Premia: Evidence from Futures Options

This paper examines specification issues and estimates volatility and jump risk premia using the information in the cross-section of S&P futures options from 1987 to 2003. We first test for the presence of jumps in volatility by analyzing the higher moment behavior of option implied variance, and we find strong evidence supporting their presence. Based on cross-sectional fit, we find strong evidence for jumps in prices, and modest evidence for jumps in volatility. Regarding the factor risk premiums, we are not able to identify a statistically significant volatility risk premium, but are able to identify statistically significant, although modest jump risk premiums. The jump risk premiums are economically meaningful as they contribute a significant component to the equity risk premium and can explain observed put returns.
High KIFC1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer

Kinesins play important roles in the progression and development of cancer. Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1), a minus end-directed motor protein, is a novel Kinesin involved in the clustering of excess centrosomes found in cancer cells. Recently KIFC1 has shown to play a role in the progression of many different cancers, however, the involvement of KIFC1 in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) is still not well understood. This study investigated the expression and clinical significance of KIFC1 in PCa by utilizing multiple publicly available datasets to analyze KIFC1 expression in patient samples. High KIFC1 expression was found to be associated with high Gleason score, high tumor stage, metastatic lesions, high ploidy levels, and lower recurrence-free survival. These results reveal that high KIFC1 levels are associated with a poor prognosis for PCa patients and could act as a prognostic indicator for PCa patients as well.
Ultra-Low Leakage ESD Protection Achieving 10.5 fA Leakage

This paper presents an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit and reviews best practices to interface a CMOS analog front-end (AFE) with off-chip high impedance (>1 GΩ) and high precision (<1 pA resolution) current sensors. The proposed circuit uses an amplifier at the input/output (I/O) pin to drive the voltage across the ESD protection diodes to a near-zero value, thus enabling sub-pA leakage. Implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process, the proposed circuit reduces the leakage current by 7.5× (to <15 fA) compared to conventional techniques at 25 °C. The proposed circuit's resilience to ESD events was tested using the human-body model (HBM) standard and demonstrated similar ESD protection capabilities when compared to standard ESD protection circuits and improved protection over other low-leakage techniques. This technique achieves sub-pA leakage across the commercial temperature range (0 - 85 °C) while consuming just 15 µW and 0.002 mm2.
A Practitioner's View of Institutional Corruption Through the Lens of the Health Care System

This essay examines institutional corruption – how the behavior of individuals can change dramatically when lulled into complicity under the guise of institutional allegiance. It argues that institutions have a way of corrupting even those who are inherently principled, often through corporate compliance and integrity programs designed to lead employees to believe that impropriety is actually impossible. The key argument in this essay is that where impropriety is orchestrated from the top and is integral to the corporation’s business model, no internal compliance and ethics programs will be equipped to halt the wrongdoing – they may in fact be designed that way. Taking the example of pharmaceutical companies marketing drugs off-label, it suggests that buying influence over the standard of care is the ultimate goal. Patients or prescribing doctors are pushed to make decisions based on a standard of care that is tainted by corporate interest, and perhaps unwittingly, patients are put at unnecessary risk for minimal, if any, benefit. Pharmaceutical companies deputize sales representatives to encourage off-label prescription by instructing them that the very practice of off-label marketing is illegal – convincing representatives that their conduct must be legal if the corporation itself is directing the practice. The essay concludes with a series of policy suggestions to increase corporate accountability, particularly within the healthcare sector – an industry most at risk for fraud and corruption.
Submodular Order Functions and Assortment Optimization.

We define a new class of set functions that in addition to being monotone and subadditive, also admit a very limited form of submodularity defined over a permutation of the ground set. We refer to this permutation as a submodular order. This class of functions includes monotone submodular functions as a sub-family. To understand the importance of this structure in optimization problems we consider the problem of maximizing function value under various types of constraints. To demonstrate the modeling power of submodular order functions we show applications in two different settings. First, we apply our results to the extensively studied problem of assortment optimization. While the objectives in assortment optimization are known to be non-submodular (and non-monotone) even for simple choice models, we show that they are compatible with the notion of submodular order. Consequently, we obtain new and in some cases the first constant factor guarantee for constrained assortment optimization in fundamental choice models. As a second application of submodular order functions, we show an intriguing connection to the maximization of monotone submodular functions in the streaming model. We recover some best known guarantees for this problem as a corollary of our results.
Two-phase Impingement Cooling using a Trapezoidal Groove Microchannel Heat Sink and Dielectric Coolant HFE 7000

This paper focuses on two-phase flow boiling of dielectric coolant HFE 7000 inside a copper multi-microchannel heat sink for high heat flux chip applications. The heat sink is composed of parallel microchannels, 200 µm wide, 2500 µm high, and 20 mm long, with 200-µm-thick fins separating the channels. The copper heat sink consists of almost 100 channels connected by a longitude groove with a nearly trapezoidal cross section. Coolant impinges down to the base at the groove and then goes along the microchannels. A copper block heater arrangement was used to mimic a computer chip with a footprint of 1"x1" (6.45 cm2). The base heat flux was varied from 7.75 W/cm2 to 96.1 W/cm2 and the mass flux from 547.6 to 958.4 kg/m2s, at a nominal saturation temperature of 54 °C. Heat transfer coefficients as high as 57.5 Kw/m2K were reached, keeping the base temperature under 66 °C with a maximum of 21.9 kPa of pressure drop, for inlet subcooling of 5 degree and a coolant flow rate of 958.4 kg/m2. Effects of inner diameter of tubing on thermal performance and pressure drop are also discussed. It was observed that an increase of tubing inner diameter by 60 % can result in increase of heat transfer coefficient by 47.8 % and reduction in pressure drop by 63 %.
Locating chemical modifications in RNA sequences through ribonucleases and LC-MS based analysis

Knowledge of the structural information is essential for understanding the functional details of modified RNA. Cellular non-coding RNA such as rRNA, tRNA and even viral RNAs contain a number of post-transcriptional modifications with varied degree of diversity and density. In this chapter, we discuss the use of a combination of biochemical and analytical tools such as ribonucleases and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry approaches for characterization of modified RNA. We present the protocols and alternate strategies for obtaining confident modified sequence information to facilitate the understanding of function.
Meta-Analysis of Definitive Photon and Particle Irradiation for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The optimal treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer remains unclear, as patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) have poor outcomes despite aggressive therapies. Due to these poor outcomes, there has been interest in advanced techniques for definitive radiation, and robust literature has emerged for the definitive irradiation of LAPC, including photon-based techniques such as SBRT and IMRT/VMAT, proton, and carbon-ion irradiation. Despite promising early results, there are few advanced-stage clinical trials comparing these modalities. MATERIALS/METHODS A systematic review was performed in December 2020 on PubMed/Medline using the following search terms: "pancreas" and "carbon ion radiotherapy," "proton," "stereotactic body radiation therapy," "SBRT," "IMRT," or "VMAT," which yielded 860 results. Retrospective or prospective studies using either SBRT, IMRT, VMAT, proton, or carbon ion radiotherapy for definitive radiation with or without concurrent chemotherapy were included. Resectable/borderline resectable, adjuvant radiation, and trials using older radiation techniques (3D conformal, 2D planning) were excluded from analysis. The primary outcomes were grade 3-5 acute and late toxicity, with secondary outcomes including 1-year overall survival (OS) and 1-year local control (LC). Random effects meta-analyses were conducted for each primary and secondary outcome using the restricted maximum likelihood method. The Wald-type test was used to compare treatment modalities, where the null hypothesis was rejected for P < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 6 particle studies (proton and carbon ion) and 11 photon studies (IMRT/VMAT and SBRT) were included in the final analysis. The summary effect size for acute grade 3-5 toxicity was 4.9% for photon irradiation compared to 2.7% with particles (P = 0.46). The summary effect size for late grade 3-5 toxicities were 3.7% and 1.0% for photons and particles, respectively (P = 0.13). At 1 year, LC was 71.6% with photons and 86.7% with particles (P = 0.07), with OS of 59.3% and 74.4%, respectively (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION Particle therapy with protons or carbon appears to be at least equally efficacious and safe compared to advanced photon-based treatment techniques in the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer. These findings are hypothesis generating and should be validated in well-designed prospective trials.
Judicial Error That Is Subject to Discipline in New York

The strength of the judicial system is based on the independence of individual judges to render decisions on the merits, subject to appellate review. Judges’ mistakes and abuses of discretion generally may be corrected within the judicial system, not by a disciplinary system. That is how it should be, notwithstanding that errors of law place a considerable burden and expense on the parties to seek justice in other courts. Although mistakes often are not rectified because appeals are too expensive to pursue for many wronged litigants, judges must be given wide latitude in making decisions within a broad range of discretion without being subjected to disciplinary procedures. Good faith mistakes as a general rule should not—some would argue should never—be the basis for discipline Judicial conduct commissions, which dismiss the great majority of complaints received, often have to explain to dissatisfied litigants why the commissions cannot discipline judges for being mistaken in the application or interpretation of law. Many complainants seek from commissions only what the courts can provide: new hearings and another judge to hear their cases. Yet, under certain circumstances, the law authorizes investigations into judicial decision-making. Although improper influence, bias, and corruption have always been recognized as grounds to remove a judge from office, they are not the sole grounds for discipline. When a judge’s acts are so obviously contrary to law, it might not matter why the judge acted as he or she did. Within the broad spectrum of judicial error, it is easy to identify many situations that either are or are not subject to
MODULUS OF CONTINUITY FOR PEIERLS'S BARRIER

For an exact area preserving monotone twist diffeomorphism with a uniform lower bound β for the amount of twisting, we will show that Peierls’s barrier satisfies $$ \left| {{P_{p/q}}\left( \xi \right) - {P_\omega }\left( \xi \right)} \right| \leqslant C\left( {{q^{ - 1}} + \left| {\omega q - p} \right|} \right) $$ , where C = (1200)cotβ.