cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE SPEED OF SOUND IN SINGLE-COMPONENT TWO-PHASE FLUIDS: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL†

Abstract A linearized model for the transmission of a plane wave through a single component, two-phase bubbly mixture has been developed. The analysis starts with an investigation into the compressibility of a single bubble under the influence of a pressure pulse. These data are then used in a scattering model to predict speed of sound. Results were obtained for speed of sound as a function of frequency. These results show clearly the effects of phase change and heat transfer at low frequencies with resonance and cut-off at higher frequencies. The experimental model achieved a measurement of the speed of sound by passing an acoustic tone burst through the medium and measuring transit time—either directly or as a phase lag. The mixture was created by passing saturated vapor through a porous metal filter and allowing the bubbles to rise in a saturated liquid. An attempt (only partially successful) to measure vapor fraction at the level of the acoustic transducers with a differential pressure measurement was made. Experiments were carried out with both H2O and Refrigerant-12. Qualitative verification of this was possible with some quantitative discrepancies in the resonant frequency.
Programs on a Diet?: An Examination of Athletic Departments’ Eating Disorder Policies at NCAA Division I Universities

Disordered eating (DE) plays a significant role in the overall health and athletic performance of collegiate athletes. The present study sought to determine how many NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Institutions have a policy that specifically addresses the prevention and management of DE for their participating athletes and to examine the content of the existing policies. The study searched for policies in the 128 FBS institutions through an online web-search and by contacting athletic department personnel. A total of 33 currently existing policies on athletes with eating disorders (EDs) were found, 13 of which were found online. A documentary analysis was then conducted to determine the type of information that policies include. Sixteen major themes were found throughout the analysis, including themes that related to prevention, risk factors, identification, treatment, referral, and return-to-play guidelines.
Trends in Colorectal Cancer Surveillance: Current Strategies and Future Innovations-

This review article strives to reflect on the historic surveillance debate in colorectal cancer, outline current strategies, and guidelines, and discuss new techniques being explored in surveilling colorectal adenocarcinoma. Within the past decade, major governing bodies have proposed surveillance guidelines with the goal of earlier identification of cancer recurrence, thereby possibly reducing the morbidity and mortality of necessary interventions. With the innovation of tissue-specific tumor markers and fluorescence endoscopy, the approach to surveillance may be changing. The use of these new modalities allows clinicians to provide a more risk-adjusted basis for care, which is predicted to equate to higher quality care. The current surveillance guidelines provide an evidence-based framework for physicians and surgeons to follow. However, the influence of these novel surveillance techniques in colorectal cancer is yet to be realized and they ultimately have the potential to revolutionize care.
Vascular Teams in Peripheral Vascular Disease

Highlights •The success of the heart team could serve as a model for the efficient and effective management of patients with peripheral vascular disease. •A multidisciplinary “vascular team” approach should be used for the treatment of CLI, PE, AIS, and acute aortic syndromes. •Prospective evaluation is warranted to determine how to best integrate this approach into routine clinical care.
An unprecedented coordination mode of the tris(pyrazolyl)methane donor set in {[Ph2(O)POCH2C(pz)3 Ag]2 (THF)2}(BF4)2: kappa2-kappa1 bimetallic, N(sigma)/N(pi) chelating.

The structure of the compound {[Ph 2 (O)POCH2C(pz)3Ag]2(THF)2}-(BF 4 ) 2 (pz = pyrazolyl ring) revealed a new coordination mode for the tris(pyrazolyl)methane donor set: two pyrazolyl rings bridging the same two silvers atoms using normal σ-type orbitals on the nitrogen donor atoms while the third pyrazolyl ring coordinates side-on to one of the silver atoms with a nitrogen-based π-type orbital. The dimeric arrangement is also supported by a weak silver-silver interaction. This bonding description is supported by Fenske-Hall molecular orbital calculations.
Structural basis of substrate recognition by a polypeptide processing and secretion transporter.

The peptidase-containing ATP-binding cassette transporters (PCATs) are unique members of the ABC transporter family that proteolytically process and export peptides and proteins. Each PCAT contains two peptidase domains that cleave off the secretion signal, two transmembrane domains forming a translocation pathway, and two nucleotide-binding domains that hydrolyze ATP. Previously the crystal structures of a PCAT from Clostridium thermocellum (PCAT1) were determined in the absence and presence of ATP, revealing how ATP binding regulates the protease activity and access to the translocation pathway. However, how the substrate CtA, a 90-residue polypeptide, is recognized by PCAT1 remained elusive. To address this question, we determined the structure of the PCAT1-CtA complex by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) to 3.4 A resolution. The structure shows that two CtAs are bound via their N-terminal leader peptides, but only one is positioned for cleavage and translocation. Based on these results, we propose a model of how substrate cleavage, ATP hydrolysis, and substrate translocation are coordinated in a transport cycle.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT SECTIONING ALTERS CENTER OF PRESSURE WITHIN THE TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often lead to secondary injuries, joint degradation, and were linked to osteoarthritis. There is little known about how ACL rupture affects the loading and...
Safety and Consistency of Mutable Attributes Using Quotas: A Formal Analysis

Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC) systems make access decisions utilizing attributes of subjects, objects and environment with respect to a policy. Acquiring real-time values of these attributes is not practical in distributed multi-authority environments due to cost and performance considerations as well as intrinsic delays of distributed systems. So it is possible to make decisions based on outdated policy and attribute values resulting in access violations. This is known as the safety and consistency problem. This problem has been previously studied in trust negotiation and ABAC context. Previous works have assumed attributes to be immutable, to wit their values could be changed only via administrative actions. However, so far there is no research carried out in the context of mutable attributes, values of which could be changed as a result of users access. In this paper we investigate safety and consistency in the context of mutable subject attributes which introduces additional complexity to the problem. In particular, there might be multiple concurrent sessions manipulating the same mutable attribute. Therefore, in addition to exposure of the decision point to stale attribute values, safety and consistency can be compromised due to concurrent utilization of the same attribute. While the general consistency problem has vast literature in distributed systems arena, practical solutions are typically dependent on the specific application domain. We identify two categories of use cases of practical benefit in context of ABAC, which turn out to be amenable to quota-based solutions. We provide a formal analysis of the resulting solutions.
The impact of arm lymphedema on healthcare utilization during long-term breast cancer survivorship: a population-based cohort study

Cancer treatment–related late effects degrade survivors’ quality of life, independence, and societal integration, yet may be ameliorated, or even reversed, with effective care. Unfortunately, survivors inconsistently receive this care and the impact on their healthcare utilization is unknown. We sought to estimate differences in utilization between breast cancer (BC) survivors with and without upper extremity lymphedema; a common, remediable late effect. We conducted a population-based, retrospective longitudinal cohort study of survivors with incident BC diagnosed from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2010. HC utilization was characterized using the Berenson-Eggers Type of Service (BETOS) categories. Outcomes included overall healthcare utilization as well as its compartmentalization into the BETOS categories of (1) Evaluation and management, (2) Procedures, (3) Imaging, (4) Tests, (5) Durable medical equipment, (6) Physical/occupational therapy, (7) Other, and (8) Exceptions/Unclassified. The cohort included 1906 subjects of which 94% (1800) had records meeting the inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up per survivor was 12.8 years (mean, 11, range 1–25 years). Analysis revealed that (1) survivors with BC-associated lymphedema used > 30% more services annually; (2) their increased utilization lessened but persisted for at least 10 years after diagnosis; and (3) this finding of increased utilization extends across all BETOS categories, is further amplified as BMI increases, and cannot be explained solely by lymphedema-directed care. BC-related lymphedema appears to be an important driver of survivors’ healthcare utilization and guideline-concordant activities to reduce its incidence and severity may be cost neutral or saving. Early detection and effective management of cancer-related late effects like lymphedema may reduce survivors’ healthcare needs in the decades that follow their cancer treatment.
Seizure And COVID-19: Association and Review of Potential Mechanism.

Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, this highly transmissible virus has since spread rapidly around the world. Though respiratory complication is the primarily reported manifestation though rare, yet serious neurological complications are being frequently reported in the literature. In selected coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases neurologic complications may manifest as seizures. In this paper, we have reviewed current literature on seizures linked with SARS- COV 2 infection including published or pre-print original articles, review articles, and case reports. We have discussed the electroencephalogram (EEG), imaging, and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in patients with COVID-19 presenting with seizure. We will be concluding the paper by briefly discussing the three mechanisms by which seizures can develop in patients infected with SARS- COV 2 - (a) Direct Mechanism (b) Indirect Mechanism and (c) Exacerbation of Seizure in Patients with Epilepsy (PWE). Our aim is to update the physicians working with COVID-19 patients about this potential complication and hope that understanding of these proposed mechanisms can provide an opportunity for the physicians for early diagnosis or even better, help prevent this complication.
Association of ocular antihypertensive medications and the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration in a U.S. insurance claims database.

Purpose/Aim: To assess whether ocular antihypertensives are associated with the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Materials and Methods: This retrospective, obs...
Impact of Sex on Clinical Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Biologics at Approved Dosing Regimens.

The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher in females than in males. With the development of new treatment options and strategies such as biologics, we found it worthwhile to identify whether males and females warrant different treatment regimens to ensure the best clinical response. Our meta-analysis included 11 clinical trials of RA patients in support of the Food and Drug Administration's approval of 6 biological products. We evaluated the data of American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) 24 or 26 weeks after treatment. Logistic regression models were applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) of treatment responses between sexes. The ORs of ACR20 response rates in males and females were similar across all studies and not significantly different in overall studies (OR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.16) analyzed with a fixed-effects model. Further analyses on the 7 ACR20 subcomponents showed high heterogeneity among studies (Q statistic P 95%), with no observed clinically meaningful sex-related difference. Thus, our meta-analysis did not find significant difference in ACR20 response rates between male and female RA patients treated with biologics at approved dosing regimens. This result supports the current clinical practice of not requiring sex-dependent treatment regimens for RA patients.
Wie kann Sprache malen? Formen der Sprachmalerei in der Dichtung

Der Aufsatz legt die verschiedenen Formen dar, in denen Sprache Wirklichkeit ›malen‹ kann, und veranschaulicht sie mit zahlreichen Beispielen zumal aus der griechischen, lateinischen und deutschen Dichtung. Sechs Grundformen werden unterschieden: erstens der offenkundige Fall der Lautmalerei, zweitens Lautsymbolismus, bei dem phonematische Eigenschaften sensorische, aber nicht-akustische Eigenschaften abbilden, drittens prosodische Malerei, bei der Eigenschaften von Bewegungen und Ruhe nachgeahmt werden, viertens Anordnungsmalerei, bei der Relation der Ahnlichkeit und der Anordnung imitiert werden, funftens Malerei durch sprachliche Eigenschaften zweiter Ordnung, die Eigenschaften zweiter Ordnung wie etwa Scheinhaftigkeit abbildet, und sechstens reflexive Malerei, die auf die eigene Tatigkeit des Dichters referiert.
Implications of an epidemiological study showing an association between in utero NDMA exposure and childhood cancer.

Exposure to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has recently been linked to a childhood cancer cluster in Wilmington, MA, which is home to the Olin Chemical Superfund Site. When it was discovered in the 1990's that 22 children in a town of under 22,000 people got cancer, the community took action and pressed for an investigation into the possibility that chemicals from the Olin Chemical site had contaminated their water. This led to the eventual discovery that NDMA was present in the town water supply. NDMA has long been known for its potent carcinogenicity in animal models, and so the community pointed to NDMA as a possible cause. This led to an investigation by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, which, in 2021, released its findings showing an association between NDMA exposure in utero and childhood cancer. The mission of the NIEHS Superfund Research Program is to protect human health from hazardous substances. In 2017, in response to community concerns, a team at MIT created the MIT Superfund Research Program Center with a focus on research related to NDMA. Just one week prior to the release of the Department of Public Health study, the MIT Superfund Research Program Center published a manuscript in Cell Reports that identifies the Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) as a possible genetic susceptibility factor. This commentary provides an author's perspective on the context and implications of this and related research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Bridging the Gap From Legalization to Legitimization: How Society Can Help Victims of Trafficking Beyond the T or U Visa’

An understanding of the background on how the T and U visa have come into effect is used to develop the long-term solutions that are proposed in the analysis section. Those in this battle to end human trafficking must realize that attaining temporary legal status is only the first of many hurdles. Even if victims are able to get permanency in the United States through a T visa or a U visa, there is a deficiency of resources that address the bigger issues of employment opportunities and long-term services that can heal with a multi-generational approach in order for victims to not become re-victimized. The proposition being set forth is centered around long-term planning that not only will avoid re-victimization, but will hopefully address long term positive solutions that are not solely band-aids, but actually cause healing and a sense of legitimacy for the long-term success of victims. Moving from the basic background on human trafficking and how the T and U Visa came into existence, addressed next are the positive aspects and deficiencies and where these resources currently are with helping victims of human trafficking. This is necessary in order to advance the objectives in the solutions aspect of the analysis. After setting forth the proposed solutions, each of the three-pronged approaches will be explored in depth and will provide suggestions that can be implemented on the micro-scale to have a lasting impact on the lives of victims. Currently, our legal system is solely focused on getting victims legal status and is not designed for long term sustainability and legitimization. Specifically, the three-pronged approach entails: survivor-informed leadership committees, securing long term employment in the United States and last, taking a multi-generational approach to healing not only the victims themselves, but taking a holistic family approach to this process of legitimization and healing.
IGF-II is a major proliferative/anti-apoptotic cytokine and a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma, other hematologic neoplasias and solid tumors.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 2418 We have shown (Oncogene 2002;21:5673, PNAS 2002;99:14374; Blood 2002;100s) that inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) kinase activity suppresses proliferation, survival and drug resistance of tumor cells from multiple myeloma (MM), other hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and that serum insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are sufficient to stimulate IGF-1R kinase activity. So far, studies of ligands for IGF-1R have focused on IGF-I (mainly due to its prominent role in childhood growth). We hypothesized that IGF-II is also a critical regulator of tumor cell proliferation/survival and we used specific neutralizing antibodies (Ab) against IGF-I or IGF-II to selectively abrogate their respective contributions to the biologic activities of serum (fetal bovine, healthy donor or MM patient sera) on tumor cells. We found that anti-IGF-II Ab significantly suppressed proliferation/survival of primary tumor cells and cell lines of MM (including cells resistant to conventional or novel drugs), and cell lines from solid tumors (e.g. breast, prostate, lung, colon, thyroid, ovarian, renal Ca, retinoblastoma, sarcoma), leukemias and lymphomas. IGF-II neutralization generally had more pronounced effect than anti-IGF-I Ab. Combined neutralization of both cytokines had effect comparable to IGF-1R inhibition. ELISA assays showed higher levels of IGF-II than IGF-I in sera of 20 MM patients (795±153 vs 181±74 ng/mL respectively, p<0.05). IGF-1R does not exhibit kinase activity in absence of ligand(s) binding, thus a major part of biologic effects of IGF-1R signaling in tumor cells may be triggered by IGF-II. We then studied the gene expression and proteomic profiles of IGF-II stimulation and, conversely, IGF-II inhibition of tumor cells. We found that physiological levels of IGF-II stimulate pleiotropic proliferative/anti-apoptotic pathways, including activation of key growth/survival pathways (e.g. PI-3K/Akt, Ras/Raf/MAPK, IKK-α/NF-κB); increased expression of inhibitors of apoptosis (e.g. FLIP, XIAP, cIAP-2); neutralization of pro-apoptotic Forkhead transcription factors; increased proteasome and telomerase activity; and enhanced proliferative response of tumor cells to other growth factors (e.g. MM or PrCa cells to IL-6). Anti-IGF-II Ab also partially inhibited the protective effect of serum against Dex, chemotherapeutics or PS-341; and suppressed VEGF production by tumor cells (e.g. MM, prostate or thyroid Ca) or BMSCs. Our studies show that IGF-II plays major role in tumor cell proliferation/survival and that IGF-I levels in cancer patients are not the sole determinant of the activity of IGFs/IGF-1R pathway, therefore comprehensive suppression of biological activity of both IGF-I and IGF-II is needed to abrogate their pleiotropic effects in conferring resistance against diverse anti-cancer drugs
Phonology constrains the internal orthographic representation

Four experiments explored the composition and stability of internalorthographic representations of printed words. In three experiments,subjects were presented on successive occasions with words that wereconsistently spelled correctly or were consistently misspelled. On thesecond presentation, subjects were more likely to judge both kinds ofwords as correctly spelled than on the first presentation, suggesting thattheir preexperimental orthographic representations had been altered tomatch what they had seen on the first presentation. However, onlymisspellings that were consistent with the correct phonology wereaccepted; spellings that altered the phonology were rarely accepted,suggesting that some parts of the orthographic representation are lessstable than others. Also, subjects' reliance on orthographic vs.phonological memory when judging a word's spelling was affected by thekinds of other misspellings in the list. Lists that contained somephonologically implausible spellings for real words (e.g., *assostance)induced subjects to rely more on phonological plausibility when judgingthe correctness of other words in the list and less on orthographic memory.An individual grapheme in an internal orthographic representation wasunstable when there were many phonologically acceptable alternatives forit. The results are contrary to the view that the strength of an internalrepresentation is uniform across all its graphemes and is a function only ofvisual experience with the printed form. Results were interpreted in thecontext of a theory that considers spelling knowledge to be a by-productof the reading process, a process that involves phonological analysis.
Facilitation of sexual behavior in French-Alpine goats treated with intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices and estradiol during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons.

The effectiveness of administering progesterone (P 4 ) using controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) devices on estradiol (E 2 )-induced sexual behaviors was examined in ovariectomized (ovx) French-Alpine goats during the fall and spring. Estradiol-induced attractivity and receptivity were facilitated during the spring when P 4 -filled CIDR devices were removed 24 or 48 h before injection of 30 μg of E 2 . During the fall, attractivity was also facilitated by CIDR removal 24 h prior to E 2 injection, whereas E 2 -induced receptivity was unaffected by removal of the CIDR at this interval. Concentrations of P 4 in circulation during the 3 d of treatment with a CIDR were similar to those during the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle in intact goats. Treatment with P 4 -filled CIDR for 3 d, followed by injection with 30 μg of E 2 24 h after removal, was determined to be a useful model for inducing sexual behavior in a physiologically relevant manner, and it may also be an effective means for facilitating estrus detection due to the high frequency of display of sexual behavior during a predictable time period following steroid treatment.
Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics

Evolutionary quantitative genetics is the study of how complex traits evolve over time. While this field builds on traditional concepts from quantitative genetics widely used by applied breeders and human geneticists (in particular, the inheritance of complex traits), its unique feature is in examining the role of natural selection in changing the population distribution of a complex trait over time. Our review focuses on this role of selection, starting with response under the standard infinitesimal model, in which trait variation is determined by a very large number of loci, each of small effect. We then turn to issues of measuring fitness (and hence natural selection) on both univariate and multivariate traits. We conclude by examining models that treat fitness itself as a complex trait.
Scaling of multiplicity and angular distributions in p-emulsion interactions at 30, 67 and 200 GeV

Data on charged multiplicity and angular distributions from interactions of (30 ÷ 200) GeV protons in emulsion are presented. These distributions were found to satisfy KNO-like scaling relations in the variablez ≡n/〈n〉, wheren is the charged multiplicity.
Confirmation of delayed canopy wilting QTLs from multiple soybean mapping populations.

QTLs for delayed canopy wilting from five soybean populations were projected onto the consensus map to identify eight QTL clusters that had QTLs from at least two independent populations. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for canopy wilting were identified in five recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, 93705 KS4895 × Jackson, 08705 KS4895 × Jackson, KS4895 × PI 424140, A5959 × PI 416937, and Benning × PI 416937 in a total of 15 site-years. For most environments, heritability of canopy wilting ranged from 0.65 to 0.85 but was somewhat lower when averaged over environments. Putative QTLs were identified with composite interval mapping and/or multiple interval mapping methods in each population and positioned on the consensus map along with their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). We initially found nine QTL clusters with overlapping CIs on Gm02, Gm05, Gm11, Gm14, Gm17, and Gm19 identified from at least two different populations, but a simulation study indicated that the QTLs on Gm14 could be false positives. A QTL on Gm08 in the 93705 KS4895 × Jackson population co-segregated with a QTL for wilting published previously in a Kefeng1 × Nannong 1138-2 population, indicating that this may be an additional QTL cluster. Excluding the QTL cluster on Gm14, results of the simulation study indicated that the eight remaining QTL clusters and the QTL on Gm08 appeared to be authentic QTLs. QTL × year interactions indicated that QTLs were stable over years except for major QTLs on Gm11 and Gm19. The stability of QTLs located on seven clusters indicates that they are possible candidates for use in marker-assisted selection.
Sub‐surface water contribution to recession flow in a mountain headwater stream system based on single monitoring campaign

Discharge in mountain streams may be a mixture of snowmelt, water from surface runoff, and deep return flow through valley bottom alluvia. We used δO and δH, solute concentrations, and Rn to determine water sources of a headwater stream located at the McDonald Creek watershed, Glacier National Park, USA, during summer recession flow period. We analysed minimal water isotope ranges of 17.6‰ to 16.5‰ and 133‰ to 121‰ for δO and δH, respectively, potentially due to dominance of snow-derived water in the stream. Likewise, solute concentrations measured in the stream through the watershed showed minimal variation with little indication of subsurface water input into the stream. However, we observed Rn activities in the stream that ranged from 39 to 2646Bq/m with the highest value measured in middle of the watershed associated with channel constriction corresponding to changes in local orientation of underlying rocks. Downstream from this point, Rn activity decreased from 581 to 117Bq/m in a series of punctuated steps associated with small rapids and waterfalls that we hypothesized to cause radon degassing with a maximum predicted loss of 427Bq/m along a 400m distance. Based on mass balance calculations using Rn activity values, streamflow, and channel characteristics, we estimated that groundwater contributed between 0.3% and 29% of total flow. Overall, we estimated a 5.9% of groundwater contribution integrated for stream reach measured at McDonald Creek during recession flow period. Finally, a lower mean hyporheic flux of 14m/day was estimated compared to the groundwater flux of 70 710m/day. These assessments highlight the potential for radon as a conservative tracer that can be used to estimate subsurface water contribution in mountain streams within a complex geologic setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer Care Delivery Research and the National Cancer Institute SEER Program: Challenges and Opportunities.

Initiativestobuildbigdata to informand improvethequalityofcancercaredelivery in theUnitedStatesareevolvingrapidly.Advances in informationtechnologyhavemade it increasinglymore feasible toefficientlycollectclinicaldataacross facilitiesand institutionstoaddress challenges related to access, delivery, anddisparities in care. TheNational Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)programisuniquelypositionedintheUnitedStatesto leverage bigdatato informoncologypractice inthecommunity.Theparticipatingregional registriescompriseapopulationthat isdiverseandrepresentative of the United States. The registries have unique state data agreementsandhealthcarefacilitypartnerships(hospitalsandpathology laboratories) that enable them to collect uniformvalid clinical informationaboutthefirstcourseofcancertreatmentforvirtuallyallpatientswhoreceivediagnoses in their regionalcatchmentareas.These data have been used bymany hundreds of investigators to generate morethan8000scientificarticles thataddressburdenofcancer,diseaseetiologyandbehavior,disparities incancerhealthoutcomes,and quality of oncology care. But there are some important limitations to SEERdata. First, the levelofdetailabouttestsandtreatments is limited.Forexample, information about adjuvant chemotherapy regimens is not routinely collected. Second, thequality and completeness of the clinical data that arecollectedmayvarybycancerconditionandacross regions.Finally, informationrelatedtopatientsocioeconomicstatus is limited.Forexample, SEERdata currently includepatient-level information for race andmarital statusbut not for income, education, or insurance status. JAMA
(Wiki + ResTechs) = (fresh documentation + organic knowledge management + training materials + good, cheap technical writers)

Most Information Technology Departments in academia have their historical roots in a culture best described by words such as "geeks," "beta-testers," "troubleshooters," "debuggers," "early adopters," and so on. This culture was partly created by the fact that the mission of academia is indeed to keep looking forward to new developments and cutting-edge technologies. It is the role of industry to adopt the outcome of academia's frenetic efforts to move forward and to then produce commodity-like products.At the same time, in most academic institutions, Information Technology Departments have also evolved into providers of services that use mature but still evolving technology. The consumers (customers) have come to treat these technologies as commodity products or utilities, and they expect to be able to easily learn how to use them, and to be able to easily figure out what are the services offered and how they can be configured.In such an environment, "deployment cycles" and "personnel training" are often seen as a complete waste of time by the academics, as they themselves are pushing for the next generation of technology to be adopted by IT as fast as possible. For these reasons, the creation of detailed documentation by technical writers is usually not deemed worth funding, and with the advent of internet searches and FAQ blogging is seen often as completely unnecessary. This is a true statement for many areas of technology, where there exists ambient literature and FAQs (such as any MS Office product, for example). It is disastrous for customer satisfaction though, if it is applied on issues of configuration that are specific to the institution.Nevertheless, this type of documentation, the kind that describes "how do we do things here" is also passed up as a secondary, non-glamorous task. The fact that usually "the way we do things" also changes very rapidly, adds another layer of discouragement to webmasters and FAQ owners to try to keep up and maintain relevant content.The final issue that IT departments also have to grapple with is the thin staffing and the fact that even if technical writers were at hand, the staff that "owns" the information to be documented does not have time to explain it or relay it to others.This was the kind of impossible situation that Rice University Information Technology had reached: stale documentation, orphaned ownership of the content, a customer base that was very conducive to using documentation and very resentful of the fact that we were not providing any. We experimented with "wiki" technology and we experimented with involving different groups within IT as potential technical writers. We were able to overcome the impasse and discovered some added benefits that have affected the training that we offer to our customer base.
Behavior of Helical Spin Structures in Applied Magnetic Fields

The problem of the behavior of helical spin structures and the phase transitions they exhibit in applied magnetic fields is studied theoretically. We have obtained a numerical solution valid for the planar helix at $T=0$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with an arbitrary number of interplanar exchange interactions, an arbitrary form of in-plane anisotropy, and an external magnetic field applied in the plane. We calculated the phase diagram for the case of two interplanar exchange constants and no anisotropy, and found different behavior in the intermediate field region from that predicted by the previous theory. As a new result, in the case of an in-plane anisotropy, the angle dependence of the transition fields has been obtained.
High‐resolution measurement of growth during first positive phototropism in maize

Abstract Growth redistribution which occurs as a result of phototropic stimulation was studied in red light-grown, maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The pattern of elongation of small areas (0.1mm2) of coleoptile epidermis on intact plants was analysed from time-lapse, photomicrographic records. Growth following unilateral, pulse irradiation with blue light was depressed on the illuminated side and was stimulated on the shaded side. The time at which the change in growth rate occurred, on both illuminated and shaded sides, was significantly earlier in apical patches than it was in basal patches. Both kinds of change in the growth rate (stimulation and depression) occurred rapidly such that a new, constant growth rate was often established within five minutes. Micrographic, time-lapse records were also obtained of growth changes induced by sub-apical, unilateral application of a spot of an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and lanolin mixture. Growth on the side of the coleoptile to which IAA had been applied was similar to the growth on shaded sides of phototropically stimulated plants. The distance between apical and basal patches and the elapsed time between their changes in growth rate gave a velocity at which the growth response moved basipetally. Calculation of this velocity for blue light and auxin treatment gave values that were not significantly different. Thus, basipetal movement of a transverse auxin gradient could mediate growth changes that cause curvature of the coleoptile towards first positive fluences of blue light.
Photovoltaic-electrolyzer system transient simulation results

Brookhaven National Laboratory has developed a Hydrogen Technology Evaluation Center to illustrate advanced hydrogen technology. The first phase of this effort investigated the use of solar energy to produce hydrogen from water via photovoltaic-powered electrolysis. A coordinated program of system testing, computer simulation, and economic analysis has been adopted to characterize and optimize the photovoltaic-electrolyzer system. This paper presents the initial transient simulation results. Innovative features of the modeling include the use of real weather data, detailed hourly modeling of thermal characteristics of the PV array and of system control strategies, and examination of systems over a wide range of power and voltage ratings. The transient simulation system TRNSYS was used, incorporating existing, modified or new component subroutines as required. For directly coupled systems, the authors found the PV array voltage which maximizes hydrogen production to be quite near the nominal electrolyzer voltage for a wide range of PV array powers. The array voltage which maximizes excess electricity production is slightly higher. The use of an ideal (100 percent efficient) maximum power tracking system provides only a six percent increase in annual hydrogen production. An examination of the effect of the PV array tilt indicates, as expected, that annual hydrogenmore » production is insensitive to tilt angle within +-20 deg of latitude. Summer production greatly exceeds winter generation. Tilting the array, even to 90 deg, produces no significant increase in winter hydrogen production.« less
Construction and characterization of a poliovirus/rhinovirus antigenic hybrid

In order to study the properties of foreign antigenic sites expressed on poliovirus a hybrid was constructed in which neutralization antigenic site IA of poliovirus type 1 strain Mahoney [PV1(M)] was replaced by neutralization immunogenic site IA (NImIA) of human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14). The resulting hybrid was viable, but growth was impaired in comparison to PV1(M). The hybrid expressed both PV1(M) and HRV14 antigenic determinants. When inoculated into rabbits it elicited neutralizing antibodies against both PV1(M) and HRV14. Furthermore, the hybrid was efficiently neutralized by polyclonal antisera specific for either PV1(M) or HRV14 and by three out of five monoclonal antibodies directed to NImIA. The monoclonal antibodies also blocked binding of the hybrid to the cellular receptor for poliovirus. One of them is thought to neutralize rhinovirus in this manner, and it appears that NImIA is expressed in a sufficiently favorable context on the hybrid for the same mechanism to be effective. This can be interpreted to mean that the interactions between the parental viruses and their respective cellular receptors are very similar.
Porous silicon nanowires.

In this mini-review, we summarize recent progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of a new type of one-dimensional nanostructures—single crystalline porous silicon nanowires. The growth of porous silicon nanowires starting from both p- and n-type Si wafers with a variety of dopant concentrations can be achieved through either one-step or two-step reactions. The mechanistic studies indicate the dopant concentration of Si wafers, oxidizer concentration, etching time and temperature can affect the morphology of the as-etched silicon nanowires. The porous silicon nanowires are both optically and electronically active and have been explored for potential applications in diverse areas including photocatalysis, lithium ion batteries, gas sensors and drug delivery.
Consequences of the number and spacing of pregnancies on outcome, and of pregnancy outcome on spacing.

Abstract This study is based on 3,098 once‐married women in Abderdeen, Scotland, who had a total of 10,825 pregnancies, which resulted in wastages of 285 infant deaths, 173 stillbirths, 712 involuntary abortions, and 200 voluntary terminations. Wastage varies by pregnancy number, particularly after the third pregnancy. There is, however, a selective factor operating here in that women who have a wastage are more likely to continue on to the next higher pregnancy number, and those who have a wastage at one pregnancy number are more likely to have a wastage at the next pregnancy outcome also. Wastage tends to be cumulative. Women who enter the reproductive cycle at the younger ages have a larger number of pregnancies and a higher wastage rate than women who postpone their first pregnancy until the older ages. Women who experience a wastage at any given pregnancy number are not only more likely to have another pregnancy, but they do so over a shorter time interval than those whose last pregnancy resulted in ...
Wireless Sensor Network System Design using Raspberry Pi and Arduino for Environmental Monitoring Applications

This paper from the 9th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications, FNC 2014 conference proceedings describes a wireless sensor network system developed using open-source hardware platforms, Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
Primary Care Clinicians Treat Patients with Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: There is no proven primary care treatment for patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). We hypothesized that a long-term, multidimensional intervention by primary care providers would improve MUS patients’ mental health.
CD39 is the dominant Langerhans cell–associated ecto-NTPDase: Modulatory roles in inflammation and immune responsiveness

CD39, the endothelial ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), regulates vascular inflammation and thrombosis by hydrolyzing ATP and ADP. Although ecto-NTPDase activities have been used as a marker of epidermal dendritic cells (DCs) known as Langerhans cells, the identity and function of these activities remain unknown. Here we report that Langerhans cells in CD39-/- mice express no detectable ecto-NTPDase activity. Irritant chemicals triggered rapid ATP and ADP release from keratinocytes and caused exacerbated skin inflammation in CD39-/- mice. Paradoxically, T cell-mediated allergic contact hypersensitivity was severely attenuated in CD39-/- mice. As to mechanisms, T cells increased pericellular ATP concentrations upon activation, and CD39-/- DCs showed ATP unresponsiveness (secondary to P2-receptor desensitization) and impaired antigen-presenting capacity. Our results show opposing outcomes of CD39 deficiency in irritant versus allergic contact dermatitis, reflecting its diverse roles in regulating extracellular nucleotide-mediated signaling in inflammatory responses to environmental insults and DC-T cell communication in antigen presentation.
Free Fatty Acids Activate a Vigorous Ca2+:2H+ Antiport Activity in Yeast Mitochondria

The accumulation and retention of Ca(2+) by yeast mitochondria (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mediated by ionophore ETH 129 occurs with a variable efficiency in different preparations. Ineffective Ca(2+) transport and a depressed membrane potential occur in parallel, are exacerbated in parallel by exogenous free fatty acids, and are corrected in parallel by the addition of bovine serum albumin. Bovine serum albumin is not required to develop a high membrane potential when either Ca(2+) or ETH 129 are absent, and when both are present membrane potential is restored by the addition of EGTA in a concentration-dependent manner. Respiration and swelling data indicate that the permeability transition pore does not open in yeast mitochondria that are treated with Ca(2+) and ETH 129, whereas fatty acid concentration studies and the inaction of carboxyatractyloside indicate that fatty acid-derived uncoupling does not underlie the other observations. It is concluded that yeast mitochondria contain a previously unrecognized Ca(2+):2H(+) antiporter that is highly active in the presence of free fatty acids and leads to a futile cycle of Ca(2+) accumulation and release when exogenous Ca(2+) and ETH 129 are available. It is also shown that isolated yeast mitochondria degrade their phospholipids at a relatively rapid rate. The activity responsible is also previously unrecognized. It is Ca(2+)-independent, little affected by the presence or absence of a respiratory substrate, and leads to the hydrolysis of ester linkages at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerophospholipids. The products of this activity, through their actions on the antiporter, explain the variable behavior of yeast mitochondria treated with Ca(2+) plus ETH 129.
A Cross-Domain Analysis of Change in Students' Attitudes toward Science and Attitudes about the Utility of Science.

Cross‐domain analysis was used to examine changes in two attitudinal dimensions: students’ attitudes towards science and attitudes about the utility of science over the middle school and high school years. A sample of 444 students was selected from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth. The results show that the overall trend for students’ attitudes about the utility of science is positive; however, attitudes towards science decline over the middle school and high school years. Important time‐varying predictors of both attitudes include science self‐concept, peer attitudes, teacher encouragement of science, and, to a lesser extent, student participation in science activities.
Use of a Corona Discharge to Selectively Pattern a Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Interface for Integrating Segmented Flow with Microchip Electrophoresis and Electrochemical Detection

Segmented flow in microfluidic devices involves the use of droplets that are generated either on- or off-chip. When used with off-chip sampling methods, segmented flow has been shown to prevent analyte dispersion and improve temporal resolution by periodically surrounding an aqueous flow stream with an immiscible carrier phase as it is transferred to the microchip. To analyze the droplets by methods such as electrochemistry or electrophoresis, a method to “desegment” the flow into separate aqueous and immiscible carrier phase streams is needed. In this paper, a simple and straightforward approach for this desegmentation process was developed by first creating an air/water junction in natively hydrophobic and perpendicular PDMS channels. The air-filled channel was treated with a corona discharge electrode to create a hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface. When a segmented flow stream encounters this interface, only the aqueous sample phase enters the hydrophilic channel, where it can be subsequently analyzed b...
Using Optical Traps to Study Bacterial Motility and Chemotaxis at the Single-Cell Level

Chemotaxis of the bacterium Escherichia coli serves as a paradigm for the way living cells respond and adapt to changes in their environment. The chemotactic response has been well characterized at the level of individual flagellar motors and in populations of swimming cells. However, it is unknown how the interactions of multiple flagella combine to produce the whole-cell swimming response. Until now it has not been possible to accurately quantify the adaptive response of a single, multi-flagellated cell. We used our recently developed optical trapping technique1 to characterize the swimming behavior of individual bacteria as they respond to sudden changes in the chemical environment. Our assay allows us to quantify two features of adaptation, and how they vary as a function of the stimulus strength: abruptness, the degree to which adaptation occurs within a small number of run-tumble events; and overshoot, the degree of excessive response before the return to pre-stimulus behavior. In the effort to understand these new features and relate the activity of individual flagella to whole-cell swimming behavior, we have recently developed the ability to record high speed (500fps) movies of fluorescently labeled flagella on trapped cells. This allows us to observe individual flagella, while simultaneously quantifying long-term swimming behavior. We discuss all of our findings in the context of theoretical models of the chemotaxis network, and suggest how these findings provide clues to an improved understanding of chemotactic adaptation.1. Min, Mears, et al. 2009 Nov; Nature Methods 6(11):831–5.