cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Comparison of an Open vs Arthroscopic Approach for Lateral Ankle Instability

Background:The current clinical standard for the surgical treatment of ankle instability remains the open modified Brostrom procedure. Modern advents in arthroscopic technology have allowed physici...
Thermodynamics and Solvent Effects on Substrate and Cofactor Binding in Escherichia coli Chromosomal Dihydrofolate Reductase

Chromosomal dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate using NADPH as a cofactor. The thermodynamics of ligand binding were examined using an isothermal titration calorimetry approach. Using buffers with different heats of ionization, zero to a small, fractional proton release was observed for dihydrofolate binding, while a proton was released upon NADP+ binding. The role of water in binding was additionally monitored using a number of different osmolytes. Binding of NADP+ is accompanied by the net release of ∼5–24 water molecules, with a dependence on the identity of the osmolyte. In contrast, binding of dihydrofolate is weakened in the presence of osmolytes, consistent with “water uptake”. Different effects are observed depending on the identity of the osmolyte. The net uptake of water upon dihydrofolate binding was previously observed in the nonhomologous R67-encoded dihydrofolate reductase (dfrB or type II enzyme) [Chopra, S., et al. (200...
THE "IRREVERSIBILITY LINE" OF FLUORINE-DOPING Bi_(1.7)Pb_(0.3)Sr_■Ca_■Cu_■O_y BULK SUPERCONDUCTOR

The "irreversibility line" of high Tc fluorine-doping Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO(F) bulk superconductor has been studied experimentally. It is shown that there are different H*?(l-t)3/2 relations in various regions of magnetic fields, namely, H* =1590(1-t)3/2 in the field region below 120 Oe and H* = 35700(1-t)3/2 -2480 in the region above 120 Oe. We think that the irreversibility lines in low field and in high field represent the behaviour of weak link and the grain superconductivity respectively. We note that H*(T) is substantially a melting line of the flux lattice. It is in the vortex lattice state below the "irreversibility line" H*(T) and in the vortex liquid state between H*(T) and H_(c2) (T) curves.
Molecular Study on the Pathogen of One Severe HFMD Death Case

Objective To study the pathogen of one severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) death case and its close contacts in molecular level.Methods Throat swab specimens from the death case and its close contacts were conducted virus nucleic acid detection and VP1 gene analysis.Results The throad swabs of death case and one of the close contacts were positive for Enterovirus 71,highly homologous with only one base difference and one amino acids difference in protein.Conclusion The virus from death case and its close contact were close in phylogeny,both belonging to C4 subtype,which suggests more attention should be paid on the adults who carries virus but without clinical symptom in disease control.
Inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator activity by aspirin in vivo and its relationship to levels of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen, plasminogen activator and their complexes.

The observation that aspirin inhibits the increment in tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity induced by venous occlusion of the forearm became controversial with the publication of several nonconfirmatory studies. The current study was performed to confirm the original observation and determine the mechanism by which aspirin suppresses the incremental t-PA activity induced by venous occlusion. Aspirin (650 mg/d X 2) caused no change in resting levels of t-PA antigen (t-PA:Ag) or activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 antigen (PAI-1:Ag), or activity or t-PA-PAI-1 complexes. In contrast, aspirin reduced the increments induced by venous occlusion as follows: t-PA:Ag by 45% (P = .001); t-PA activity (euglobulin lysis time, ELT) by 43% (P = .006); and t-PA activity (alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes, PIPC) by 41% (P = .003). The inhibition of incremental t-PA activity measured as ELT or PIPC was linearly correlated with the inhibition of incremental t-PA:Ag (respectively, r = .75, P less than .02; r = .67, P less than .05). Aspirin had no effect on the increment in PAI-1:Ag induced by venous occlusion, but similar to the effect on t- PA:Ag, aspirin induced a 51% inhibition of the increment in t-PA-PAI-1 complex formation. Aspirin did not alter the ability of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to bind plasmin, nor the ability of plasma to support the fibrin-catalyzed generation of plasmin by t-PA, nor the subsequent formation of PIPC. Aspirin inhibits the t-PA activity induced by venous occlusion primarily by inhibiting the release of t-PA antigen.
83 TWO NOTABLE CASES OF MYOCARDIAL STUNNING

Transient, reversible left ventricular dysfunction may be observed in a variety of clinical-pathologic settings, including ischemic and non-ischemic insults. Relatively brief episodes of ischemia resulting in left ventricular dysfunction which improves within hours to days is referred to as “stunning.” In contrast, hibernating myocardium, which is the result of prolonged and/or repetitive ischemia, is defined by functional improvement only after revascularization. The pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial stunning is mutifactorial, with apparent synergistic interaction between the component factors. Three important factors are increased production of oxygen derived free radicals, alterations in calcium homeostasis, and reduced sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium. We present two remarkable cases of ischemic myocardial stunning. In the first case a forty-four-year-old woman presented with typical anginal type pain, hypotension, pulmonary edema and marked electrocardiographic changes suggesting global myocardial ischemia. Profound, reversible left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction nadir 10%) was attributed to spasm of the left main coronary artery. The second case describes recurrent myocardial stunning in the setting of a distal right coronary lesion before angioplasty and after subsequent in-stent re-stenosis. Each time the apical one-half of the left ventricle became dyskinetic. Left ventricular ejection fraction returned to normal both after the first and again after the repeat angioplasty.
The roots of prosocial behavior in children: Biology and prosocial behavior

Sharing, helping, and self-sacrifice - behaviors that benefit another - are not exclusively human. Many animals below humans on the phylogenetic scale, ranging from social insects (ants, termites, bees, and wasps) through such mammals as hunting dogs and dolphins and up to the higher primates, act in ways that at least superficially resemble human prosocial behavior. In 1975, Edward O. Wilson, a prominent biologist at Harvard University, published the stimulating and controversial book Sociobiology (1975b). It was essentially the founding work in a new scientific field dedicated to the systematic study of the biological basis of social behavior, and it was rich in examples of actions by animals that appear to be prosocial. We shall sample a few of these. Some social insects are suicidally self-sacrificing. Honeybee workers attack other insects attempting to intrude into their hive, embedding their barbed stingers in their victims. When this occurs, the bee's venom gland is pulled out, along with much of its viscera, so that it soon dies. Its attack is successful, however, because the venom gland continues to secrete poison into the intruder's wounds, and the odor coming from the sting excites other members of the hive to make further attacks on the intruders. Certain ants and wasps perform similar self-sacrificing defensive acts: “The fearsome reputation of social bees and wasps is due to their general readiness to throw away their lives upon slight provocation” in defense of their colonies (Wilson, 1975b, p. 121).
Some Thoughts on Thinking

It can be argued that ‘thoughts’ of various kinds are already sociological data and topics of inquiry, for people’s ‘attitudes’, ‘beliefs’ and ‘opinions’ have long been probed and correlated with other things by social scientists. Leaving questions of methodological adequacy to one side, it is clear that some corpus of social-scientific knowledge-claims contains reference to the thoughts that people are supposed to have entertained about a host of matters, from the most locally specific item to the most global, historical course of events. The actual data of thoughts collected sociologically consist of spoken or written answers to questions; meaningful utterances constitute the ‘thoughts’ themselves for purposes of inquiry. Of course, the perennial question is: do these utterances represent respondents’ real thoughts about the issue at hand? Although this question sometimes takes on a metaphysical tinge, it is usually resolvable by reference to (commonsense) observation of respondents’ relevant courses of action. (Not that such connections are routinely made as a matter of empirical procedure, of course; too often we are expected to swallow claims about people’s thoughts on the basis of evidence gathered through a questionnaire or interview schedule which, if gathered without such trappings, would hardly convince an intelligent layman who knows that deeds can belie words.)
Persistence of Serological and Biological Activities of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A in Canned Mushrooms.

Outbreaks in 1989 of staphylococcal food poisoning linked to the consumption of imported canned mushrooms indicated that staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) may survive a commercial retort process. To examine this possibility, fresh mushrooms were blanched in boiling water for 5 min and cooled 5 min in sterile water inoculated with enterotoxigenic type A Staphylococcus aureus strain 743, to yield approximately 1.3 X l0 3 staphylococci per g. Inoculated mushrooms were incubated 20 h at 30°C to simulate time-temperature abuse prior to canning. Mushrooms were sealed in 211 x 212 cans and thermally processed in a still retort to F values of 7, 12, and 18 min at 121 and 127°C. Pre- and post-thermal process staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) serological activity was estimated from a standard curve with purified SEA using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. SEA was chromatographically separated from 4-can composite extracts of each F value and temperature. A feline emetic assay was used to determine the biological activity. The dose, administered on a body-weight basis, was equivalent to approximately 0.5 servings of mushrooms and brine for humans. The presence of SEA in the samples was confirmed by Western blotting using anti-SEA immunoglobulin G (IgG). The pre-thermal-process concentration of SEA was about 58 ng/g of mushrooms. Serological and biological activities were detected after all sterilizing values tested at 121 and 127°C. The inactivation of serological activity occurred in two phases, with a rapid initial rate and a distinctly slower rate at higher F values. Attenuation of biological activity, noted by a reduction in the number of emetic episodes and an increase in time to an emetic response, was observed with increasing F values of the processes.
The Big Fib: Democratic Ideals in an Unprincipled World

In principle, democracy figures among the grandest of human aspirations. However, in practice, the democratic system in the United States has fallen far short of its ideals. This paper analyzes the dislocation between democratic ideals and practices. While organizational requisites impose unavoidable logistical limitations, democracy’s most acute failures tend to result from power brokers who tell big fibs about the distribution of power.
Self-organized mapping of aerosol mixtures at aeronet coastal and island sites

Satellite ocean-color algorithms generally use aerosol-mixture models to estimate and remove the atmospheric contribution to the measured signal. These models, based on aerosol samples, may or may not be realistic. To investigate the adequacy of the models and ultimately to improve atmospheric correction, we analyze atmospheric optics data collected by the aerosol robotic network project under a wide range of aerosol conditions at coastal and island sites. Using non-supervised classification techniques (probabilistic self-organized mapping), we determine the distribution of retrieved aerosol properties of the total atmospheric column, i.e., the volume size distribution function and the refractive index. The centers of the PRSOM neurons may be used as new aerosols models in radiative transfer algorithms.
Memoirs: Two Polymastigote Flagellates of the Genera Pseudodevescovina and Caduceia

1. The previously published description of Pseudodevescovina uniflagellata from Kalotermes (Neotermes) insularis is incorrect in practically all points. The flagellate is a devescovinid which, like other members of the subfamily, has three anterior and one trailing flagellum. The trailing flagellum is relatively small and slender. 2. The most unusual characteristic is the parabasal apparatus, which consists of a C-shaped or L-shaped main limb adjacent to the nucleus and seven to nineteen cords attached to the transverse portion of this. 3. A sinuous movement of the cresta has been observed in living material. 4. The flagellate moves forward steadily with considerable vigour as compared to Devescovina lemniscata and even Stephanonympha with its hundreds of flagella. Yet the small trailing flagellum seems to be the main cause of this movement, as the anterior whip often is turned back against the body and trailed. This suggests that increase in size of the trailing flagellum, which is a broad ribbon in Devescovina lemniscata, or increase in number as in Stephanonympha, does not necessarily enhance the locomotor efficiency of the flagellate. 5. The body is completely covered with a dense investment of relatively short spirochaetes, the ends of which appear actually to be embedded in the cytoplasm and, taking an iron-haematoxylin stain, simulate basal granules. 6. There are eight chromosomes, which can be recognized most clearly when they are granules or short, stout rods in the early telophase. 7. At the beginning of binary fission, the main limb of the parabasal apparatus breaks. A portion of length about equal to that of the nucleus is left attached to the centriole at one pole of the spindle; at the other pole a parabasal develops de novo, doubtless in connexion with the centriole. This is at first a filament, which reaches a size equal to the part of the old parabasal that remains attached, then both grow equally. After division of the body, new cords grow out from this main limb. 8. The detached part of the old parabasal apparatus breaks up into successively smaller vesicular bodies, which are noteworthy for a deeply staining cap sharply distinguished from the chromophobe substance, appearing like diagrams of dictyosomes. These fragments are resorbed before plasmotomy. 9. Grassi9s Devescovina nova has been found in the species of termite from which he described it, Kalotermes (Neotermes) erythraeus from Eritrea. Its characters indicate that it must be removed from Devescovina, and it has been placed in the genus Caduceia. 10. The parabasal apparatus consists of a main limb, which in this case is loosely spiralled around the trunk of the axostyle, and from one to six attached cords directed more or less parallel to it.
Metabolic fate of glucose in rats with traumatic brain injury and pyruvate or glucose treatments: A NMR spectroscopy study.

Administration of sodium pyruvate (SP; 9.08 μmol/kg, i.p.), ethyl pyruvate (EP; 0.34 μmol/kg, i.p.) or glucose (GLC; 11.1 μmol/kg, i.p.) to rats after unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury has been reported to reduce neuronal loss and improve cerebral metabolism. In the present study these doses of each fuel or 8% saline (SAL; 5.47 nmoles/kg) were administered immediately and at 1, 3, 6 and 23 h post-CCI. At 24 h all CCI groups and non-treated Sham injury controls were infused with [1,2 13C] glucose for 68 min 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained from cortex + hippocampus tissues from left (injured) and right (contralateral) hemispheres. All three fuels increased lactate labeling to a similar degree in the injured hemisphere. The amount of lactate labeled via the pentose phosphate and pyruvate recycling (PPP + PR) pathway increased in CCI-SAL and was not improved by SP, EP, and GLC treatments. Oxidative metabolism, as assessed by glutamate labeling, was reduced in CCI-SAL animals. The greatest improvement in oxidative metabolism was observed in animals treated with SP and fewer improvements after EP or GLC treatments. Compared to SAL, all three fuels restored glutamate and glutamine labeling via pyruvate carboxylase (PC), suggesting improved astrocyte metabolism following fuel treatment. Only SP treatments restored the amount of [4 13C] glutamate labeled by the PPP + PR pathway to sham levels. Milder injury effects in the contralateral hemisphere appear normalized by either SP or EP treatments, as increases in the total pool of 13C lactate and labeling of lactate in glycolysis, or decreases in the ratio of PC/PDH labeling of glutamine, were found only for CCI-SAL and CCI-GLC groups compared to Sham. The doses of SP, EP and GLC examined in this study all enhanced lactate labeling and restored astrocyte-specific PC activity but differentially affected neuronal metabolism after CCI injury. The restoration of astrocyte metabolism by all three fuel treatments may partially underlie their abilities to improve cerebral glucose utilization and to reduce neuronal loss following CCI injury.
Similarities and differences in mate preferences among parents and their adult children

Abstract Prior research reveals differences in the characteristics that offspring prioritize in a mate for themselves and parents prioritize in a mate for their adult children. Sons and daughters more strongly value characteristics connoting genetic quality while parents more strongly value traits indicating potential investment in future children or in-group cooperation. However, prior research neglects significant overlap in the preferences of offspring and parents. We assessed mate preferences among 42 women, 38 men, and one or both parents. We hypothesized that offspring and their parents would agree about many of the most important traits for a potential mate for the offspring. Traits connoting genetic quality were valued more by men and women than their parents, however, many traits considered most important by offspring and their parents (e.g., ambition/industriousness, likes children) and many traits that evidenced disagreement in previous research (e.g. no previous marriages, favorable social status) were rated similarly by offspring and parents.
Reparametrization of Protein Force Field Nonbonded Interactions Guided by Osmotic Coefficient Measurements from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

There is a small, but growing, body of literature describing the use of osmotic coefficient measurements to validate and reparametrize simulation force fields. Here we have investigated the ability of five very commonly used force field and water model combinations to reproduce the osmotic coefficients of seven neutral amino acids and five small molecules. The force fields tested include AMBER ff99SB-ILDN, CHARMM36, GROMOS54a7, and OPLS-AA, with the first of these tested in conjunction with the TIP3P and TIP4P-Ew water models. In general, for both the amino acids and the small molecules, the tested force fields produce computed osmotic coefficients that are lower than experiment; this is indicative of excessively favorable solute–solute interactions. The sole exception to this general trend is provided by GROMOS54a7 when applied to amino acids: in this case, the computed osmotic coefficients are consistently too high. Importantly, we show that all of the force fields tested can be made to accurately repro...
Opening the Power Structure: A Process Model of the Organizational Interplay in Renegotiating Power

An important problem that leaders face is that efforts to empower their employees often disempower them. I use qualitative data collected over 30 months at three clinics in a health care organizati...
SP0169 Eular school of rheumatology. a challenging educational eular project. where are we now

In the last decade EULAR has further developed its educational portfolio. Apart from very educational tracks in the EULAR Congress, EULAR offers: on-line courses (Rheumatology, Connective Tissue Diseases, Scleroderma, Paediatrics, Ultrasound, Health Professionals), that are being followed by thousands of students all over the world text-books, based on the on-line courses live courses, such as the Postgraduate Course, Ultrasound courses, capillaroscopy, epidemiology, immunology, teach the teachers exchange programs, for trainees, scientists, health professionals and patients on-line image library, on-line outcome registry learning DVDs for medical students scientific endorsement of other courses To bring all these offerings under one umbrella, EULAR decided to found the School of Rheumatology. But the School is doing substantially more: we identified 7 areas (classrooms) where we bring enthusiastic and involved people together to evaluate the present needs in those areas and to prioritize new educational activities for those unmet needs. The following classrooms are actively developing new products: Classroom medical students: formulating standard curriculum for musculoskeletal diseases and providing video-materials to support teachers and students. Classroom trainees in rheumatology: start of a journal club, evaluating possibilities to install a European (EULAR) examination to become a rheumatologist, imaging on-line course. Classroom teachers: course on assessment questions was already held, a teach the teachers event is planned. Classroom rheumatologists: development of a pocket primer on rheumatic diseases, to be used as an app. Classroom scientist: preparing a possible on-line course on epidemiology and clinical (trial) research, evaluating possible webinars for basic science methodology. Classroom health professionals: preparing an accreditation system for health professionals; expanding on-line courses. Classroom patients: implementing and distributing lays versions of recommendation; development of a patient partner program in research; webinars on actual items in the form of questions and answers (eg biosimilars). Some of the items on this agenda can be organised within one year, for some others many years are foreseen; it will be a dynamic process. Ideas and support are very welcome via the EULAR Standing Committee on Education, or directly to the EULAR office, attention of the education program manager. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Carotid artery stenting of a contralateral occlusion and in-hospital outcomes: results from the CARE (Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy) registry.

Objectives The authors sought to study the characteristics and outcomes of patients with contralateral carotid artery occlusions (CCOs) undergoing elective carotid artery stenting (CAS). Background CCOs are associated with adverse neurological events following carotid endarterectomy. Methods In-hospital outcomes were examined in patients with and without CCO undergoing elective CAS in the Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy (CARE) registry. A CCO was defined as a 100% occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery. To minimize differences in measured comorbidities, a 3:1 propensity matching analysis was performed comparing 42 clinical and demographic variables between CCO and non-CCO patients from the CARE registry. The primary endpoint was a composite of in-hospital death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke. Results Between April 2005 and January 2012, 13,993 eligible patients underwent elective CAS, of whom 1,450 (10%) had CCO. There were 5,500 CAS procedures (1,375 CCO and 4,125 non-CCO) identified in the propensity analysis. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 29 (2.1%) and 107 (2.6%) patients with and without CCO, respectively (adjusted odds ratio: 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.53 to 1.23, p = 0.316). Conclusions In the CARE registry, there was no evidence that the presence of a CCO was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke in patients undergoing elective CAS. These findings may have implications on the selection of carotid revascularization procedures for such patients.
Exploring the effects of galantamine paired with meditation and dream reliving on recalled dreams: Toward an integrated protocol for lucid dream induction and nightmare resolution

Abstract An experimental home study examined the impact of a pre-sleep protocol for enhancing self-awareness, lucidity, and responsiveness in dreams. It included ingesting the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine––which is widely reported to increase the frequency of lucid dreaming––prior to engaging in middle-of-the-night meditation and the imaginary reliving of a distressing dream while exercising new responses. Thirty-five participants completed an eight-night study, which included pre- and post-baseline nights and six conditions: waking for 40 min before returning to bed, called Wake-Back-to-Bed (WBTB); Wake-Back-to-Bed plus placebo (WBTB + P); Wake-Back-to-Bed plus galantamine (WBTB + G); meditation and dream reliving (MDR); meditation and dream reliving plus placebo (MDR + P); and meditation and dream reliving plus galantamine (MDR + G). The outcome measures included lucidity, reflectiveness, interactive behavior, role change, constructive action, and fear and threat, as measured by the participants’ self-ratings. The results support the use of this protocol in further studies of lucid dream induction and nightmare/trauma resolution.
Schizoaffective Disorders: Interrelationships Between Familial Psychopathology, Neuroendocrine Assessments, and Outcome

Among competing hypotheses concerning the nature of schizoaffective disorder, perhaps the most broadly supported holds that most individuals with schizo-affective disorders have in fact either schizophrenia or an affective disorder (Brockington and Meltzer 1983). According to this view, the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is equivalent to “undiagnosed” with a limited differential. Patients grouped under this label are therefore diagnostically heterogeneous; some have affective disorder, some have schizophrenia, and some may have other, as yet unspecified disorders.
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children and Youth

Increase knowledge of the characteristics of autism spectrum disorders Increase understanding of the impact characteristics have on student learning Increase knowledge of issues and considerations in establishing appropriate educational programs for students with ASD
Regulation of Exchange in the Infant Caretaker System: A Viewpoint on the Ontogeny of “Structures”

In beginning a symposium with the title “Communicative Structures and Psychic Structures,” there is a certain logic in starting with the immediate postnatal period. This is a time quite before the age at which one begins to think of communication as yet existing between the infant and the people around him, and certainly before one thinks of the infant in terms of a psychic structure. However, in taking an ontogenetic approach to the subject, we are asking whether or not communicative processes may be determined in some lawful way by the earliest features of interpersonal transactions or exchanges, the precommunicative structures, such as those which characterize exchanges between neonate and caretaker. It is this early period, in particular the first two weeks to two months of life, which our group has investigated. We have been interested in what can be said about these early events which might relate to the notion of “structure” in the arrangement of those later behaviors we label as communication. Even further, can anything sensible be suggested that might possibly contribute bridging links between early events and “psychic structures?” Whatever they might be, we will probably have to be content with such bridges as ways of thinking about the problem rather than as concrete answers.
Sexual Health Knowledge of U.S. Medical Students: A National Survey.

Abstract Background Sexual health is a critical component of overall wellness; however, only half of U.S. medical schools currently require formal instruction in sexuality. Aim This study sought to quantify the sexual health knowledge of undergraduate medical students using a novel survey tool evaluating 6 domains: sexual function and dysfunction; fertility and reproduction; sexuality across the lifespan; sexual minority health; society, culture, and behavior; as well as safety and prevention. Methods A novel 32-question survey tool was developed by subject matter experts from the University of Minnesota Program in Human Sexuality. Survey questions were derived from the 2012 and 2014 Summits on Medical School Education in Sexual Health as well as the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States Guidelines for Kindergarten through 12th Grade. The total knowledge score was calculated out of 30 points (excluding 2 terminology questions that were subjective). Medical students at 178 allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the United States were invited to take the online survey. Outcomes Students performed below a passing rate (70%) in 4 of the 6 knowledge categories and below a passing rate overall in the knowledge assessment. Results Survey respondents (n = 1,014) scored an average of 66% correct (approximately 20/30). Overall, students scored lowest on questions regarding safety and prevention ( x - = 49%) and highest on questions regarding sexuality across the lifespan ( x - = 75%). Higher knowledge scores were associated with the following variables (P Clinical Implications Medical students may be under-prepared to address essential sexual health issues in future clinical practice. Strengths & Limitations To the knowledge of the authors this is the only contemporary study seeking to measure U.S. medical student sexual health knowledge. Limitations include sample population size and diversity as well as a non-validated survey tool. Conclusion Significant advances must be made in undergraduate medical education in order to prepare future physicians to address critical issues such as sexually transmitted disease, family planning, and health disparities. Warner C, Carlson S, Crichlow R, et al. Sexual Health Knowledge of U.S. Medical Students: A National Survey. J Sex Med 2018;15:1093–1102.
The Effect of Primary Care Team Realignment on Point-of-Care Screening

Abstract Reporting primary care quality measures is an essential component of value-based care delivery and is part of the strategy to bend the health care cost curve. As primary care physicians are increasingly pressed for time, incorporating ancillary staff screening into pre-visit workflows can increase screening rates, but can pose a challenge in large practice settings. The objective was to improve screening rates for depression and falls risk at a large, urban primary care practice. Jefferson Family Medicine Associates is a practice in downtown Philadelphia that serves 35,000 patients and provides approximately 80,000 visits annually. The majority of patients are African American. Screening responsibilities were realigned within medical assistant workflows, and a training program was designed and implemented to ensure its success and sustainability. Monthly Group Practice Reporting Option data on depression screening and falls risk screening was collected from January 1, 2015, to October 31, 2016. T...
Meaning Reconstruction in Bereaved Family Caregivers of Person's With Alzheimer's Disease: A Mixed-Methods Study.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify whether meaning reconstruction was associated with indicators of bereavement adaptation in 66 spouses and adult child caregivers of person’s wi...
Contractual Risks of Building Information Modeling: Toward a Standardized Legal Framework for Design-Bid-Build Projects

AbstractBuilding information modeling (BIM) is an encouraging development in the architecture, engineering, construction, and operations (AECO) industry due to its data-rich digital representation ...
Fractional Packet Duplication and Fade Duration Outage Probability Analysis for Handover Enhancement in 5G Cellular Networks

The current cellular network and the upcoming 5G mobile network requires meeting high reliability standards, very low latency and high-speed user connectivity. In some mission critical communications, the availability requirements may exceed five or even six nines (99.9999%). To meet such a critical requirement and minimize the impact of mobility during handover, a Fade Duration Outage Probability (FDOP) based multiple link connectivity handover method has been proposed. This best captures user experience, because the duration of a fade most impacts channel and source coding quality and success. By applying such a method, a high degree of availability can be achieved by utilizing two or more uncorrelated links based on minimum FDOP values. We contrast FDOP-based handover requirements versus traditional SINR based handovers or cell selection/re-selection methods in cellular systems. FDOP generally requires earlier handovers but with more time to complete the handover. Full packet duplication over multiple links is wasteful and frequently unnecessary so we demonstrate how a fractional duplication methodology can be used to meet FDOP requirements.
Education in the Progressive Period (ca. 1890s–1920s)

This chapter explores education in the early twentieth century by using pragmatism to present progressivism and its offshoot, social reconstructionism. Not content to examine the father of progressive education (John Dewey) this chapter also looks at the grandfathers of progressive education (G. Stanley Hall and Francis Parker). It separates out progressive education into three areas: child-centered progressivism, administrative progressivism, and social reconstructionism. It concludes with a discussion on the educational legacies of this period and recommendations for further reading.
Contribution of mood and anxiety disorders to sleep problems

Abstract Anxiety and mood disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often comorbid with sleep disorders. PD patients with depression and anxiety are more likely to report sleep onset and maintenance insomnia and early-morning awakening and to have rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders (RBD). Whether insomnia is a manifestation of mood or anxiety disorders in PD or a consequence of a common underlying pathology is not clear. Treating mood and anxiety disorders in PD has the potential to improve insomnia; rationale selection of agents that could treat both disorders is important, where possible. However, some antidepressants have the potential to exacerbate other sleep disorders in PD, such as RBD and restless legs syndrome.
"I Was Scared to Be the Stupid": Latinas in Residential Academies of Science and Math.

This study examines the experiences of Latinas in state residential academies of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Goals of this project focused on understanding their experiences and identifying factors leading to the decision to enroll, along with issues contributing to retention. These schools represent powerful opportunities for students to begin a successful path toward postsecondary STEM degrees and employment. A crucial step toward achieving equity in the STEM fi elds may begin with determining successful strategies to attract more Latinas to residential STEM academies along with factors involved in gifted education programs. Compelling themes from this study are related to resilience and self-esteem. BACKGROUND
Granulometric Analysis of Fertilizers by Digital Image Processing

In the fertilizer industry, granulometric analysis is an important quality control of the product. Usually, this process is done mechanically, through sieving, which makes the process slow. As an alternative to this, a methodology based on digital image processing for fertilizer classification is proposed. This approach allows to measure feret’s diameter, area, volume and mass, important indicators to characterize fertilizers. The results obtained were validated with sieved samples and demonstrate the applicability of the method as a low cost alternative to the traditional method of granulometry of fertilizers.
Increased nuclear but not cytoplasmic activities of CELF1 protein leads to muscle wasting.

mRNA processing is highly regulated during development through changes in RNA-binding protein (RBP) activities. CUG-BP, Elav-like family member 1 (CELF1, also called CUGBP1) is an RBP, the expression of which decreases in skeletal muscle soon after birth. CELF1 regulates multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA processing events. In the nucleus, CELF1 regulates networks of postnatal alternative splicing (AS) transitions, while in the cytoplasm, CELF1 regulates mRNA stability and translation. Stabilization and misregulation of CELF1 has been implicated in human diseases including myotonic dystrophy type 1, Alzheimer's disease and multiple cancers. To understand the contribution of nuclear and cytoplasmic CELF1 activity to normal and pathogenic skeletal muscle biology, we generated transgenic mice for doxycycline-inducible and skeletal muscle-specific expression of active CELF1 mutants engineered to be localized predominantly to either the nucleus or the cytoplasm. Adult mice expressing nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, CELF1 are characterized by strong histopathological defects, muscle loss within 10 days and changes in AS. In contrast, mice expressing cytoplasmic CELF1 display changes in protein levels of targets known to be regulated at the level of translation by CELF1, with minimal changes in AS. These changes are in the absence of overt histopathological changes or muscle loss. RNA-sequencing revealed extensive gene expression and AS changes in mice overexpressing nuclear and naturally localized CELF1 protein, with affected genes involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, membrane dynamics, RNA processing and zinc ion binding. These results support a stronger role for nuclear CELF1 functions as compared to cytoplasmic CELF1 functions in skeletal muscle wasting.
Herbicide resistance in the nursery crop production and landscape maintenance industries

Weed management is an important issue for nursery crop and Christmas tree producers, as well as for those maintaining turfgrass or ornamental species in landscape plantings. PRE and POST herbicides are important weed management tools for these industries. Reports of herbicide-resistant weeds increased from fewer than 100 cases in 1985 to nearly 500 cases globally in 2019, including ones found in turfgrass or ornamental systems. The evolution, persistence, and management of herbicide-resistant weeds are an ongoing educational process. We must keep our stakeholders aware of improved weed control technology and provide them information on resistant weeds. A symposium at the 2019 Weed Science Society of America meeting was conducted with presentations and discussions by invited speakers in relation to current research and potential management strategies for resistant weeds in turfgrass, landscape ornamental, and nursery crops. To prepare for the symposium, a survey was prepared for nursery producers and landscapers on the issues of herbicide-resistant weeds and offsite movement of herbicides used to control herbicide-resistant weeds. Overall, most respondents felt herbicide-resistant weeds are a serious problem and most had personally observed herbicide resistance on properties they maintain. Resistance to glyphosate was the herbicide cited by most respondents, followed by resistance to triazine herbicides. Most felt their weed-control costs had increased because of resistant weeds. Approximately 20% of respondents had their operation affected by drift of herbicides from nearby farm fields, with most reporting no damage from spray or vapor drift, but a few reported greater than 50% of the crop damaged.
The effect of antenatal indomethacin on extremely preterm neonatal kidney function.

Introduction/Objective: Indomethacin is an effective tocolytic to prevent extremely preterm birth. Prior studies have associated antenatal indomethacin exposure with adverse preterm neonatal intest...
Routing analysis, risk, and resiliency

Abstract This chapter looks at risk assessment methods in general and those applicable to transportation and the maritime environment. These methods will provide an understanding of risk and form the basis of the development of a “user friendly” and practitioner-based framework for assessing routing risk and route selection.
What Needs to Be True

This chapter presents the first part of a roadmap aimed at realizing the shift from sustainability-as-usual to awakened sustainability. Applying inversion, I consider what needs to be true in the world to allow for this shift to take place. Lessig’s “New Chicago School” framework, which focuses on four forces (conditions) regulating behavior (law, markets, social norms, and architecture) provides a useful framework for this purpose, allowing us to give proper weight to the institutional environment’s impact on the behavior of companies. Building on existing research, the chapter lays out key changes in each condition that need to occur to make awakened sustainability possible: changes in corporate law (law), financial incentives (markets), social norms and meanings (social norms), and organizational culture (architecture).
Donor Macrophages Modulate Rejection after Heart Transplantation

Background: Cellular rejection after heart transplantation imparts significant morbidity and mortality. Current immunosuppressive strategies are imperfect, target recipient T-cells, and have a multitude of adverse effects. The innate immune response plays an essential role in the recruitment and activation of T-cells. Targeting the donor innate immune response would represent the earliest interventional opportunity within the immune response cascade. There is limited knowledge regarding donor immune cell types and functions in the setting of cardiac transplantation and no current therapeutics exist for targeting these cell populations. Methods: Using genetic lineage tracing, cell ablation, and conditional gene deletion, we examined donor mononuclear phagocyte diversity and function during acute cellular rejection of transplanted hearts in mice. We performed single cell RNA sequencing on donor and recipient macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes at multiple timepoints after transplantation. Based on our single cell RNA sequencing data, we evaluated the functional relevance of donor CCR2+ and CCR2- macrophages using selective cell ablation strategies in donor grafts prior to transplant. Finally, perform functional validation of our single cell derived hypothesis that donor macrophages signal through MYD88 to facilitate cellular rejection. Results: Donor macrophages persisted in the transplanted heart and co-existed with recipient monocyte-derived macrophages. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified donor CCR2+ and CCR2- macrophage populations and revealed remarkable diversity amongst recipient monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Temporal analysis demonstrated that donor CCR2+ and CCR2- macrophages were transcriptionally distinct, underwent significant morphologic changes, and displayed unique activation signatures after transplantation. While selective depletion of donor CCR2- macrophages reduced allograft survival, depletion of donor CCR2+ macrophages prolonged allograft survival. Pathway analysis revealed that donor CCR2+ macrophages were being activated through MYD88/NF-κβ signaling. Deletion of MYD88 in donor macrophages resulted in reduced antigen presenting cell recruitment, decreased emergence of allograft reactive T-cells, and extended allograft survival. Conclusions: Distinct populations of donor and recipient macrophages co-exist within the transplanted heart. Donor CCR2+ macrophages are key mediators of allograft rejection and inhibition of MYD88 signaling in donor macrophages is sufficient to suppress rejection and extend allograft survival. This highlights the therapeutic potential of donor heart-based interventions.
A Chemical Approach to Controlling Cell Fate

Efficient modulation of cell fate, state, or function, such as self-renewal, differentiation, mobility, polarization, and reprogramming, is critical to translate stem cell biology from bench to clinical therapies. The effect of small molecules is rapid, tunable, and reversible with exquisite temporal control. These advantages make chemical approaches desirable for modulating cell fate and probing underlying mechanisms, and highly suitable for development into conventional pharmaceuticals.
Non-parametric population analysis of cellular phenotypes

Methods to quantify cellular-level phenotypic differences between genetic groups are a key tool in genomics research. In disease processes such as cancer, phenotypic changes at the cellular level frequently manifest in the modification of cell population profiles. These changes are hard to detect due the ambiguity in identifying distinct cell phenotypes within a population. We present a methodology which enables the detection of such changes by generating a phenotypic signature of cell populations in a data-derived feature-space. Further, this signature is used to estimate a model for the redistribution of phenotypes that was induced by the genetic change. Results are presented on an experiment involving deletion of a tumor-suppressor gene dominant in breast cancer, where the methodology is used to detect changes in nuclear morphology between control and knockout groups.
The Cauchy and Born Hypotheses for Crystals.

Abstract : Commonly, hypotheses introduced by Cauchy or Born are used to relate macroscopic deformation to atomic motions, in molecular theories of elasticity. Our purpose is to discuss the applicability of these to crystal-crystal phase transformations and the ambiguities which are involved in estimating the deformation from observations of lattice vectors. (Author)
Gold-Catalyzed Transformation of Unsaturated Alcohols

The use of gold-complexes to activate carbon–carbon π-bonds has become a well-known and highly reliable mode of reactivity for applications in organic synthesis. This review covers the use of gold-catalysts for activation of unsaturated alcohols to effect substitution with concomitant loss of water and is mostly focused on reactions where the π-acidity appears to overcome the inherent Lewis acidity of the complexes for alcohol activation. Select examples from the literature which demonstrate advances made between 2011 and 2014 are presented.
CONTROL HIERARCHY IN A DISTRIBUTED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

Abstract Rapid advances in microprocessor based controllers and minicomputers have presented opportunities for total control of a large plant complex cluster. A hardware/software architecture for a hierarchical control system for overall control and data base management of such a plant in a distributed environment, is presented in this paper. The software problems of function distribution, communication bottlenecks, data base responsibility and engineer/operator interface are presented together with an approach for their resolution. Design approaches for software automation in this environment are presented.
Unemployment history and frictional wage dispersion

Abstract Recent evidence shows that baseline search models struggle to match the observed levels of wage dispersion. This paper studies a random matching search model with human capital losses during unemployment. Wage dispersion increases, as workers accept lower wages to avoid long unemployment spells. The model explains between a third and half of the observed residual wage dispersion. When adding on-the-job search, the model accounts for all of the residual wage dispersion and generates substantial dispersion even for high values of non-market time. The paper thus addresses the trade-off between explaining frictional wage dispersion and the cyclical behavior of unemployment.