cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Moral Hazards of Workplace Harassment Law

Workplace harassment law is infected with moral hazards that shelter accused harassers from many of the risks associated with harassment. This Article is the first to explicate those moral hazards and theorize how to eradicate them. Foremost, it presents new empirical data showing that imposing statutory harasser liability across several jurisdictions has not materially deterred harassment. It then argues that workplace harassment law and its enforcement are to blame for such suboptimal deterrence because they acquiesce in employers shielding accused harassers from risks via indemnification, hold harmless, defense, and insurance arrangements. The Article goes on to expose a free rider problem that results from employer-funded settlements in a world where employers’ and accused harassers’ liability travel hand in hand. Subsequently, it contextualizes these moral hazards within law and economics literature and tort law’s optimal deterrence theory. Through those lenses, it resolves that law reform ought to prioritize the imposition of individualized, non-transferable risks on accused harassers. Finally, this Article considers how public ordering might assail these moral hazards and achieve that ideal. It compares and contrasts statutory and common-law harasser liability, explaining why statutory liability would achieve optimal deterrence. Subsequently, it explores articulations of public policy against insurance for intentional actions, applies that public policy to harasser risk shields, and makes the case for an ensuing interdiction of harasser risk shields by administrative agencies. Lastly, and assuming arguendo that harasser liability exists and harasser risk shields do not, it considers a proposal to reduce employers’ liability for hostile work environment claims, thereby decreasing opportunities for survivors to secure restitution, but reducing employer-funded settlements that inure to the benefit of accused harassers, mitigating against the free rider problem, and forcing harassers themselves to bear the brunt of the risks associated with harassment. In summary, this Article exposes the moral hazards of workplace harassment law, contextualizes them within social sciences scholarship, and explores how law reform efforts might eradicate them.
COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT OF NASCENT POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS

Nascent polypeptides enter into high molecular weight complexes with other proteins during chain elongation in vitro and in vivo. The nature of these complexes was investigated using an in vitro translation system programmed with a single mRNA lacking a translational termination codon. Complexes containing nascent polypeptides (molecular mass 700 kDa by gel-filtration analysis. Complexes between the nascent polypeptide and at least hsp 73 appear to be sensitive to (disrupted by) ATP. The presence of ATP also dramatically alters the sensitivity of the nascent polypeptide chains to digestion by exogenous protease. Collectively, our data indicate that there may be a cytoplasmic machinery, including hsp 70, which comprises a nascent polypeptide chain binding complex.
Objective-greedy algorithms for long-term Web prefetching

Web prefetching is based on Web caching and attempts to reduce user-perceived latency. Unlike on-demand caching, Web prefetching fetches objects and stores them in advance, hoping that the prefetched objects are likely to be accessed in the near future and such accesses would be satisfied from the cache rather than by retrieving the objects from the Web server. This work reviews the popular prefetching algorithms based on popularity, good fetch, APL characteristic, and lifetime, and then makes the following contributions. (1) The paper proposes a family of prefetching algorithms, objective-greedy prefetching, wherein each algorithm greedily prefetches those Web objects that give the highest performance as per the metric that it aims to improve. (2) The paper shows the results of a performance analysis via simulations, comparing the objective-greedy algorithms with the existing algorithms in terms of the respective objectives - the hit rate, bandwidth, and the H/B metrics. The proposed prefetching algorithms are seen to provide the best objective-based performance. (3) The paper also proves that the algorithms based on good fetch and on the APL characteristic, although using different criteria, are equivalent in terms of their choice of objects selected for prefetching.
Developing Sequence Diagrams in UML

The UML (Unified Modeling Language) has been widely accepted as a standard language for object-oriented analysis and design. Among the UML diagrams, one of the most difficult and time-consuming diagrams to develop is the object interaction diagram (OID), which is rendered as either a sequence diagram or a collaboration diagram. Our experience shows that developers have significant trouble in understanding and developing OIDs. In this paper, we present an effective ten-step heuristic for developing sequence diagrams and illustrate the technique with a case study. In this technique, we show a proper use of control objects and boundary objects when developing sequence diagrams. In our heuristic the relationships among multiple sequence diagrams in a single use case are elegantly represented using control objects. We found that developers effectively developed sequence diagrams using this heuristic method.
Multiaxonal horizontal cells in the retina of the tree shrew, Tupaia glis

The retinas of most vertebrates contain two or more morphologically distinct types of horizontal cell, and usually one of these types lacks an axon. Among mammals, in which two types are observed, primates are exceptional in that both types of horizontal cell have axons. It then seemed of interest to study the horizontal cells of tree shrews (Tupaia glis), insectivores thought to be closely related to primates. Golgi impregnations of whole, flat-preparations revealed two types of horizontal cell. Uniaxonal cells have a compact dendritic organization with clusters of terminals, and a single thin axon with short collaterals and a few terminals, located along its length. Multiaxonal cells have a relatively large dendritic tree, and arising from the tips of about four to eight dendrites of an individual cell are thin axonlike processes which terminate as profusely branched telodendritic arborizations. This identification of the multiaxonal horizontal cells in Tupaia retina is the first time any vertebrate horizontal cell has been found to possess more than a single axon. A comparison of horizontal cells in tree shrew, monkey, cat, and squirrel retinas shows a remarkable morphological diversity within this class of mammalian retinal neuron.
Hierarchy of efficient generators of the symmetric inverse monoid

It is well-known that the symmetric inverse monoid on a set ofn elements can be generated as a semigroup by its group of units and a single element of rankn − 1. We show that the efficiency with which the semigroup is generated in this way depends solely on the index of nilpotence of the rankn − 1 generator. We also investigate the various ways of expressing elements of the semigroup most efficiently as a product of generators.
Does an American puppy amaeru? A comment on Dr. Doi's paper

L'etude du docteur Doi a tres bien explique plusieurs points importants a propos de l'amae : (1) l'amae est un processus interpersonnel; (2) l'origine de l'amae se trouve probablement dans la relation nourrisson-mere, (3) le concept d'amae n'offre aucun critere absolu pour classifier un comportement en termes d'amae; (4) l'amae s'explique mieux en terme de combinaison de patterns de comportements; et (5) l'amae est un concept tres vague. L'idee que l'amae consiste en un processus interpersonnel de negociation qui est continuellement revise tout au long de la vie est implicite dans l'etude du docteur Doi, mais elle est cependant insuffisamment reconnue
Impact of an exotic earthworm on seed dispersal of an indigenous US weed

Summary 1 Ambrosia trifida L. (giant ragweed), an aggressive weed of US grain crops and indigenous to North America, colonizes no-tillage crop fields and undisturbed soils despite its large seed size and susceptibility to seed predation. Secondary seed dispersal is critical to seed survival and seedling establishment, yet mechanisms of secondary dispersal are poorly understood for such large-seeded weedy species. 2 Field experiments were conducted to determine how seed foraging by the European exotic burrowing earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L., affected A. trifida seed burial and seedling recruitment, and to determine seed selectivity by L. terrestris. 3 Earthworms collected and buried over 90% of A. trifida seeds placed on the soil surface at a rate eightfold faster than abiotic seed burial. There was a sixfold higher concentration of seeds in burrows than in surrounding soil and a mean of 127 A. trifida seeds per burrow after a single season of A. trifida seed dispersal. 4 Earthworms buried A. trifida seeds from 0·5 to 22 cm deep and reduced recruitment by 37% compared to seeds buried abiotically and protected from predators, due to burial of some seeds below emergence depth limits. However, seedling biomass was increased by 30%. 5 Earthworms foraged selectively among seeds of 11 large-seeded species and collected more seeds of A. trifida than of other species. The earthworms buried small (8·5 mm) A. trifida seeds more deeply and reduced their emergence more than large (11·5 mm) A. trifida seeds. 6 Synthesis and applications. The novel interaction of L. terrestris and A. trifida increases seed bank formation of A. trifida. Burrows of L. terrestris provide safe sites for seeds of A. trifida that may increase seedling establishment in environments with a high risk of seed predation. Control measures to prevent reproduction by A. trifida should be increased where L. terrestris is present due to the earthworms’ ability to bury and protect weed seeds. Selective seed caching by this widely distributed earthworm species may change plant community composition in agricultural and natural areas in North America and influence the evolution of seed traits. Land managers should consider the effects of L. terrestris on seedling regeneration of native and exotic plant species in areas undergoing colonization by L. terrestris.
Why Don’t We Network More? How Mindsets Determine Networking Experience

In 3 studies I find that an individual’s mindset about networking influences the motivation to form new ties. In study 1, I find that individuals with dynamic, rather than fixed mindsets about thei...
The impact of stress on cognitive components of child abuse potential

The purpose of the present research was to test the effects of situational stress on the components of the cognitive behavioral model, including expectations, interpretations, and behavioral responses to child behaviors (Twentyman et al., 1985). It was predicted that parental abuse potential would be positively related to inappropriate expectations, to negative and internally caused interpretations of child behavior, and to negative parental responses. Second, it was expected that interpretations and responses would be more negative as child abuse potential increased. Sixteen mothers from a child abuse prevention and treatment program completed the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Milner and Wimberly, 1980) and provided interpretations, evaluations, and responses to a set of vignettes depicting normal child behaviors. The data supported the hypotheses. As abuse potential increased, parent responses were judged as more controlling, punishing, rejecting, and aroused. High stress strengthened the magnitude of these responses. These findings were interpreted within the context of a cognitive behavioral model.
Observation of thermomechanical equilibration in the presence of a solid 4He conduit

We observe a thermomechanical effect when a chemical-potential difference is created by a temperature difference imposed between two liquid reservoirs connected to each other through Vycor rods in series with solid hcp $^{4}\text{H}\text{e}$. By creating a temperature difference, $\ensuremath{\Delta}T$, between the two reservoirs, we induce a rate-limited growth of a pressure difference between the two reservoirs, $\ensuremath{\Delta}P$. In equilibrium $\ensuremath{\Delta}P$ vs $\ensuremath{\Delta}T$ is in quantitative agreement with the thermomechanical effect in superfluid helium. These observations confirm that below $\ensuremath{\sim}600\text{ }\text{mK}$ a flux-limited flow exists through the solid helium.
Pair correlation function near a convective instability

Abstract The pair correlation function immediately below and above the first hydrodynamic instability in a Benard cell is computed. In both cases a modified Ornstein-Zernike-type behavior is found that couldbe detected by microwave experiments.
Complicated Access for Regional Infusion Chemotherapy: A Consequence of Variant Hepatic Artery Anatomy

• Arterial access for regional infusion chemotherapy of primary or metastatic liver cancers may be complicated because of inadequate vessel size or variant hepatic artery anatomy. Recently, an unusual case required that we devise an extemporaneous method of single-catheter access. This approach may, in selected cases, be an acceptable and safe alternative to a more traditional access technique. (Arch Surg1984;119:1195-1197)
Privacy and Betrayal

THIS PAPER CONCERNS the relationships between and among mental illness, criminality, medicine and law, when each becomes, both separately and as one manifestation, radically transformed by differing needs to assess responsibility and construct comprehensibility. The work of forensic psychiatry deals with these needs, and encompasses professional, moral, and social concerns which inform them. The boundary between law and medicine creates a unique terrain. The formidable institutions of law and medicine gaze intently at people in this situation. Members of this population— forensic patients—are objectified in particular ways, and questions of public and private become paramount.
Quantitative MRI volume changes in late onset schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease compared to normal controls ☆

Abstract Volumes of medial and lateral temporal lobe structures were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 11 patients with late-life onset schizophrenia (LOS), 18 normal elderly controls and 12 patients with moderate cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) who had no non-cognitive symptoms. While both patient groups has smaller volumes of several medial temporal regions (e.g. entorhinal cortex, left hippocampus), schizophrenics had significantly smaller anterior superior temporal gyri (STG) than normal controls, but AD patients did not. We have previously demonstrated anterior STG volume to be reduced in early life onset schizophrenia.
Long-range electron and hole transport through DNA with tethered cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes.

A cyclometalated complex of Ir(III) is covalently tethered to DNA oligonucleotides and serves as both a photooxidant and photoreductant in the study of DNA-mediated hole transport (HT) and electron transport (ET). Spectroscopic and melting temperature studies support intercalation of the tethered complex into the DNA duplex through the functionalized dppz ligand. Using these tethered assemblies, ET and HT is initiated in DNA by the same photoredox probe. Cyclopropylamine substituted bases, N_4-cyclopropylcytosine (^(CP)C) and N_2-cyclopropylguanine (^(CP)G) are used as kinetically fast electron and hole traps to probe the resulting electron migration processes after direct irradiation of the tethered Ir assembly. Oxidation of ^(CP)G and ^(CP)C is promoted efficiently by HT from photoexcited Ir(III) when the modified bases are positioned in the purine strands of the A-tract. In contrast, when CPC is embedded in a pyrimidine tract, ET to yield reductive decomposition is observed. Thus, the Ir(III)-tethered DNA assembly containing cyclopropyl-modified bases provides a unique model system to explore the two DNA-mediated electron migration processes using the same photoredox probe and the same DNA bridge.
Physicians and Their Patients' Suicides

THE AMERICAN debate about whether to legalize physicianassisted suicide touches the head and the heart of medical ethics. Participants have focused on moral philosophy or civil rights, speculated about the consequences for society or for patients' views of physicians, and criticized the current provision of end-of-life medical care. 1-3 There has been little discussion about how the psychology of doctor-patient relationships may influence decisions about physician-assisted suicide. This issue is relevant to understanding how patients and physicians make decisions and to the design of policy safeguards to prevent improper assisted suicides. Even clinician/writers have been nearly silent on the psychology of doctoring in physician-assisted suicide. Their writings have centered on moral reasoning, the need for better end-of-life care, the societal consequences of legalization, or historical norms for medical practice. 2,4-7 Quill 8 has looked at the complex psychology of the patient's request. 8 Some clinicians, such as Goodwin 9 in
Low-Frequency Free Wave and Wind-Driven Motions Over a Submarine Bank

Abstract This study attempts to isolate the physics peculiar to a submarine bank. The particular model is barotropic and contains an infinitely long straight bank within an unbounded ocean basin. The low-frequency, free wave solutions consist of two infinite sets of model analogous to barotropic continental shelf waves, one set trapped to each side of the bank. In addition, a severely distorted double Kelvin wave is associated with the net depth difference across the bank. Inclusion of bottom friction representative of Georges Bank suggests that only one free wave (westward propagating on the South side) will have a sufficiently long decay time to be likely to be observed in nature. The spatial variation in local spindown time also causes the lines of constant wave phase to be no longer perpendicular to the isobaths. Steady, forward motions are considered for winds which vary slowly in the alongbank direction. When the Ekman scale depth is the same order as the minimal depth over the bank, the primary dri...
Detection of extra-medullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by radiographic imaging following allogeneic hematopoietic SCT.

Detection of extra-medullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by radiographic imaging following allogeneic hematopoietic SCT
Computer program that generates an electrical circuit model of the chip scale BGA

The CSBGA package-modeling program can rapidly generate a model from a specific description of a package, or from partial information when only an approximation is needed. This innovative new software is targeted for the engineer who, at his desktop PC or workstation, can rapidly generate an accurate electrical model of a chip scale BGA. Program operation consists of entering the available data, and retrieving output that can be used in a simulation, or simply analyzed for an idea as to the range of values the parasitic effects take. The whole process will just take minutes. The program was designed to be fast and portable, contrasting other methods of modeling in which such attributes were sacrificed for greater accuracy. Such accuracy may not be desired in most applications where there is a greater emphasis on speed or where powerful workstations are not available. The models targeted for both data processing and RF systems will have a wide range of use across military and commercial electronics applications.
Lung epithelial cells resist influenza A infection by inducing the expression of cytochrome c oxidase VIc which is modulated by miRNA 4276.

Abstract Influenza virus infection induces several changes in host miRNA profile, host cell death and tissue damage. Cytochrome c is a regulator of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and is altered during viral infections. Within the first 3 h of infection with influenza virus, significant down-regulation of hsa-miRNA-4276 (miRNA-4276) is followed by a 2-fold increase in cytochrome c oxidase VIC (COX6C) mRNA was found to occur in human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. Expression of caspase-9 also increased within the first 3 h of infection, but subsequently decreased. Modulation of miR-4276 using mimic and inhibitor oligonucleotides showed significant down-regulation or up-regulation, respectively, of COX6C expression. Our data suggests that on initial exposure to influenza virus, host cells upregulate COX6C mRNA expression through silencing miR-4276 and repressed viral replication by inducing the apoptotic protein caspase-9. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-4276 may be an important regulator of the early stages of infection by influenza.
High Vacuum Flame Sterilized Fruits: Influence of Can Type on Storage Stability of Vacuum Packed Peach and Pear Slices

The feasibility of using enameled tin and tin-free steel (TFS) cans for processing oxygen sensitive fruits by high vacuum flame sterilization was evaluated. Through 18 months storage at ambient temperatures, the appearance and quality of the HVFS peaches and pears remained acceptable for all can types. Fruits packed into plain tin cans appeared brighter and tasted tangier than those packed into TFS or inside-enameled tin cans. Texture, pH and titratable acidity of fruit were not measurably affected by variation in can types. Mechanical deaeration followed by flame sterilization, produced a product with quality comparable to that achieved in flame deaerated packs.
Culture and entrepreneurial activity in the United States: a quantitative analysis

Karl Marx and Max Weber were the first to write about the link between culture and the economy. Although both hypothesized different directions of causality – Weber believed that culture influenced the economy, whilst Marx believed the opposite – they were in agreement that the topics were closely related. Economists have been slow to study the hypothesized linkages between culture and economic performance, especially using scientifically falsifiable methods. Some of this apprehension is due to the fact that economic studies largely rely upon mathematical modeling and statistical testing to investigate potential relationships. However, culture is difficult or, as some would argue, impossible to measure. Applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions to a state-level panel dataset spanning from 1998 to 2003, this project attempts empirically to measure the impact of these dimensions on entrepreneurial activity in the United States. The results are mixed – with two dimensions displaying coefficients with the oppos...
Effects of inorganic oxides on polymer binder burnout. II. Poly(butyl methacrylate)

The effects of silica, mullite, α-alumina, and γ-alumina on the nonoxidative thermal degradation of poly(butyl methacrylate) are described. Under conditions similar to those employed for nonoxidative ceramic sintering, more volatile alkyl aromatic species were detected when polymer/oxide samples were heated than when the neat polymer was heated. Relative to the neat polymer, all of the inorganic oxides inhibited monomer evolution and promoted an ester decomposition reaction that yielded butene. Infrared analysis indicated that poly(methacrylic acid) segments resulting from ester decomposition reacted to form anhydride. The presence of water vapor during the thermal degradation of the neat polymer and polymer/oxide samples lowered the temperatures at which monomer evolution maximized but had little effect on butene evolution. When the polymer was coated on γ-alumina, significant amounts of carboxylate were formed above 400°C as a result of deprotonating poly(methacrylic acid) functionalities on the γ-alumina surface. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determination of traces of hydroperoxide by reaction with arsenic(III). Application to determination in polymer latex

Abstract The rate of reaction between arsenic(III) and hydroperoxides has been determined at varying pH, temperature, and concentration of reactants. The reaction in dilute sodium hydroxide is suitable for the determination of hydroperoxides. Procedures are described for accurate determination of hydroperoxides at concentrations of the order of 10 −5 M . In one procedure a slight excess of As(III) is used and the excess titrated amperometrically with iodine. In the other procedure a large excess of As(III) is used and the As(V) formed determined spectrophotometrically. The latter method is applied to the determination of traces of hydroperoxides in a polystyrene latex.
Bone density in women: A modified procedure for measurement of distal radial density

This is a cross-sectional study of bone densitometry in greater than 700 normal healthy white women ranging in age from 18 to 98 years. A modified procedure for single-photon bone density analysis of the distal radius is described and compared with dual-photon densitometric measurements of the second through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The distal radial site measured was separated from the ulna by 5 mm. This "5 mm" site was characterized according to trabecular and cortical bone content, measurement reproducibility, positioning precision, and the effects of wrist pronation or supination. The radial site demonstrated a bone density loss of less than 0.1%/year for normal women 25-50 years of age, increasing to 0.7%/year after 50 years of age. In contrast to the variability and inconsistency obtained by us and others utilizing the standard "9/10" site, bone loss with age at the new "5 mm" site correlated closely with generalized bone mineral loss of the axial skeleton. We suggest that there is a unique role for single-beam densitometric measurements of the radius, permitting the rapid and relatively inexpensive evaluation of large populations of women without requiring a visit to a medical center. Such a process can select those requiring further evaluation or medical attention.
The cytoplasmic tail of large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (MaxiK) channel is necessary for its cell surface expression

The large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ channel (MaxiK) is expressed in several renal segments and functions in cell volume regulation and flow-mediated K+ secretion. Previously, we cloned two MaxiK channel isoforms, named rbslo1 and rbslo2, from rabbit renal cells. rbslo1 has a 58-amino acid insertion after the S8 hydrophobic domain, whereas rbslo2 is truncated and cannot be activated. Here we use the sequence differences between the two variants to examine their plasma membrane processing. Plasma membrane localization of rbslo1 and 2 expressed in HEK293 cells was assayed by electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, and biochemistry studies. Consistent with its functional silence, rbslo2 localized primarily within the cytoplasm, presumably in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi region. Coexpression with MaxiK β subunits did not alter the cellular localization of either rbslo1 or rbslo2. When rbslo1 and 2 are cotransfected in non-polarized cells, they colocalized primarily within the cell with only rbslo1 detected at the plasma membrane. When transfected into polarized, medullary-thick ascending limb (mTAL) cells, rbslo1 is expressed at the apical membrane whereas the majority of rbslo2 localized throughout the cytoplasm. Given the high degree of similarity between the two isoforms, we conclude that the cytoplasmic tail of rbslo1 is important for the cell surface expression of MaxiK channels.
Bioconjugated silica-coated nanoparticles for bioseparation and bioanalysis

Abstract We have discussed the applications of silica nanoparticles doped with either magnetic materials or fluorescent dye molecules. Both the Stober and water-in-oil microemulsion systems were used for the nanoparticle’s preparation. These nanoparticles are uniform and can be made with a large size range from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. The silica surface displays an easily modifiable chemistry with a variety of biomolecules, and can be reproducibly synthesized. Silica nanoparticles have been successfully used in bioseparation of nucleic acids, peptides and cells. Mass spectroscopy has been used for peptide analysis, and dye doped nanoparticles have been used as ultrasensitive labels in bioanalysis. The nanoparticles demonstrated great potential in separating and analyzing biological molecules.
Postischemic intracarotid treatment with TNK-tPA reduces infarct volume and improves neurological deficits in embolic stroke in the unanesthetized rat.

Background and purpose: To simulate human stroke, we developed a model of focal cerebral embolic ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. Using this model, we tested the hypothesis that intra-arterial administration of TNK-tPA, a fibrin specific second generation thrombolytic agent, is effective in reducing ischemic volume without increasing intra-cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Under anesthesia, a catheter was inserted to the origin of the MCA of male Wistar rats. Forty-five minutes after recovery from anesthesia, the MCA was occluded in the awake rat by a single fibrin rich clot placed via the catheter. TNK-tPA (1.5 mg/kg) was administered intraarterially via the catheter at either 2 h or 4 h after stroke. All rats were sacrificed at 48 h after ischemia. Neurological deficits, gross hemorrhage and ischemic lesion volume were measured. Results: A clot was detected at the origin of the MCA 4 h after MCA occlusion in the awake rats (n=4). Rats (n=12) subjected to MCA occlusion showed immediate neurological deficits which persisted for 48 h of ischemia. Ischemic rats had a lesion volume of 38.2±3.8% and 25% of rats exhibited gross hemorrhage. Ischemic rats (n=10) treated with TNK-tPA at 2 h showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction of neurological deficits, body weight loss and infarct volume (22.8±2.1%) without an increase in gross hemorrhage (10%) compared with the non treated ischemic rats (25%). Although treatment with TNK-tPA of ischemic rats (n=12) at 4 h did not significantly (P=0.06) reduce infarct volume (28.6±3.0%), it also did not increase gross hemorrhage (25%) compared with the control group (25%). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intraarterial administration of TNK-tPA at 2 h of ischemia in the unanesthesthetized rat is effective in reducing neurological deficits and ischemic lesion volume without increasing hemorrhagic transformation and that administration of TNK-tPA at 4 h of ischemia does not increase the incidence of hemorrhagic transformation.
Human Genome and the African Personality: Implications for Social Work

The integration of the human genome with the African personality should be viewed as an interdependent whole. The African personality, for purposes of this article, comprises Black experiences, Negritude, and an Africa-centered axiology and epistemology. The outcome results in a spiritual focused collective consciousness. Anthropologically, historically (and with the Human Genome Project), genetically Africa has proven to be the source of all human life. Human kind wherever they exist on the planet using the African personality must be viewed as interconnected. Although racism and its progeny discrimination preexist the human genome project (HGP), the human genome provides an evidence-based rationale for the end to all policy and subsequent practice based on race and racism. Policy must be based on evidence to be competent practice. It would be remiss if not irresponsible of social work and the other behavioral scientist concerned with intervention and prevention behaviors to not infuse the findings of the HCPs. The African personality is a concept that provides a wholistic way to evaluate human behavior from an African worldview.
Power indices and easier hard problems

The concepts of power_index, satisfiability hypothesis (SH), and structure tree are introduced and used to make sharper hypotheses about a problem's complexity than “the problem isNP-complete.” These concepts are used to characterize the complexities of a number of basicNP-complete problems, including both CLIQUE and PARTITION which are shown to have power-indices at most 1/2. Also, the problem 3SAT is shown to be solvable deterministically in time exponential only in thesquare root ofv+c, wherev is the number of variables andc is the number of “crossovers” needed to layout the formula in the plane.
On probability polynomials of 1D quantum walk

We investigate a set of polynomials arising from one dimensional quantum walk with a single-parameter coin operator. In the process, explicit hypergeometric function expressions for these polynomials are presented. An explicit expression is also given for a limit probability for the special case of Hadamard walk.
Measuring critical thinking in problem-based learning discourse.

Background: Critical thinking (CT) is a composite of skills linked to problem-based learning (PBL). Purposes: This study has 3 purposes: (a) to determine if PBL discourse could be coded for CT, (b) to demonstrate reliable coding, and (c) to determine whether a CT ratio would provide a valid measure to compare 2 PBL groups. Methods: Using prior research, we refined the code for a content analysis of PBL transcripts. Raters coded 6 hr of transcripts and computed CT ratios for each of the 5 CT stages. Average interrater agreement was 85.5%. CT ratios appeared to differ between 2 PBL groups delivered in 2 modalities. Results: PBL discourse could be coded following a CT framework. Independent raters reliably applied the code, and the resulting CT ratios detected tenable differences. Conclusions: This approach could provide useful information about the effect of case modality.
A formal numerical solution of the equation of radiative transfer

Abstract A formal solution of the equation of radiative transfer is presented in terms of a numerical method that is based upon a Taylor expansion with a finite number of terms between steps of the independent variable. The formal solution is expanded further in terms of the intensity, the source function, and derivatives of the source function.
Molecular mechanisms of sperm-egg interactions and egg activation.

The binding of acrosome reacted mammalian sperm to the egg plasma membrane initiates a series of signaling events in the egg, termed egg activation, which lead to the completion of meiosis II and the initiation of a mitotic cell cycle. Many of these signaling events have characteristics of classical signal transduction events in somatic cells. Currently, there are two hypotheses for how sperm-induced cgg activation is initiated. In the receptor hypothesis, the fertilizing sperm interacts with a specific egg surface receptor, and this interaction leads to signal transduction and effector activation. In the fusion hypothesis it is postulated that following fusion of the sperm and egg plasma membranes a soluble sperm-derived factor enters the egg's cytoplasm and activates pathways leading to egg activation. This chapter will provide an overview of the processes of cell-cell interaction and signal transduction leading to mammalian egg activation. It will concentrate on specific molecules proposed to be involved in sperm-egg interaction, signal transduction and effector mechanisms involved in egg activation, and a discussion of sperm-associated factors that have been implicated in egg activation.
The menD and menE homologs code for 2-succinyl-6-hydroxyl-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase and O-succinylbenzoic acid–CoA synthase in the phylloquinone biosynthetic pathway of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Abstract The genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains genes identified as menD and menE , homologs of Escherichia coli genes that code for 2-succinyl-6-hydroxyl-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate (SHCHC) synthase and O -succinylbenzoic acid–CoA ligase in the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway. In cyanobacteria, the product of this pathway is 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (phylloquinone), a molecule used exclusively as an electron transfer cofactor in Photosystem (PS) I. The menD − and menE − strains were generated, and both were found to lack phylloquinone. Hence, no alternative pathways exist in cyanobacteria to produce O -succinylbenzoyl–CoA. Q-band EPR studies of photoaccumulated quinone anion radical and optical kinetic studies of the P700 + [F A /F B ] − backreaction indicate that in the mutant strains, plastoquinone-9 functions as the electron transfer cofactor in the A 1 site of PS I. At a light intensity of 40 μE m −2 s −1 , the menD − and menE − mutant strains grew photoautotrophically and photoheterotrophically, but with doubling times slower than the wild type. Both of which are sensitive to high light intensities. Low-temperature fluorescence studies show that in the menD − and menE − mutants, the ratio of PS I to PS II is reduced relative to the wild type. Whole-chain electron transfer rates in the menD − and menE − mutant cells are correspondingly higher on a chlorophyll basis. The slower growth rate and high-light sensitivity of the menD − and menE − mutants are therefore attributed to a lower content of PS I per cell.
Determination of rare earths in selected rare earth matrices by spark source mass spectrometry

Three methods of preparing rare earth samples for mass spectrographic analysis are presented. Techniques for adding appropriate internal standards are described and relative sensitivity factors for rare earth impurities in rare earths, lanthanum, yttrium and scandium matrices are presented. Although indium has some value as an internal standard in rare earth samples, best analytical results are obtained when selected rare earths are used as internal standards.
“Edge of Danger”: Electric Light and the Negotiation of Public and Private Domestic Space in Philip Johnson's Glass and Guest Houses

ABSTRACTIn the first half of the twentieth century the dematerializing of boundaries between enclosure and exposure problematized traditional expectations of the domestic environment. At the same time, as a space of escalating technological control, the modern domestic interior also offered new potential to redefine the meaning and means of habitation. The inherent tension between these opposing forces is particularly evident in the introduction of new electric lighting technology and applications into the modern domestic interior in the mid-twentieth century. Addressing this nexus of technology and domestic psychology, this article examines the critical role of electric lighting in regulating and framing both the public and private occupation of Philip Johnson's New Canaan estate. Exploring the dialectically paired transparent Glass House and opaque Guest House, this study illustrates how Johnson employed electric light to negotiate the visual environment of the estate as well as to help sustain a highly...
c-Rel plays a key role in deficient activation of B cells from a non–X-linked hyper-IgM patient

Our previous results demonstrated that B cells from a patient (pt1) with non–X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM) possess an atypical CD23lo phenotype that is unaffected by CD40-mediated activation. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying defective CD23 expression in pt1 B cells, we used lymphoblastoid cell lines that express LMP1 under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter (LCLtet). Our analysis revealed that the CD23lo phenotype in the pt1-LCLtet cells is a direct consequence of diminished CD23 transcription. We demonstrate a marked decrease in c-Rel–containing complexes that bind to the proximal CD23a/b promoters in pt1-LCLtet extracts, resulting from an overall lower expression of c-Rel in pt1-LCLtet cells. Analysis of c-Rel mRNA revealed relatively equal amounts in pt1-LCLtet and control LCLtet cells, indicating that diminished c-Rel protein expression is unrelated to decreased transcription. Finally, a critical role for c-Rel in CD23 regulation was demonstrated by effectively altering c-Rel expression that resulted in the direct modulation of CD23 surface expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that low levels of c-Rel are the underlying cause of aberrant CD23 expression in pt1 B cells and are likely to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of this form of HIGM.
Genes Newly Identified as Regulated by Glucocorticoids in Murine Thymocytes

Glucocorticoids induce dramatic biochemical and morphological changes in lymphocytes through an unknown process that requires RNA and protein synthesis. In order to identify genes involved in this response, we previously isolated 11 cDNA clones from the murine WEHI-7TG thymoma cell line that correspond to mRNAs induced by glucocorticoids. We now report the isolation of two new cDNA clones whose gene expression is regulated by glucocorticoids in WEHI-7TG cells. We further characterize the two new cDNA clones, as well as those described previously, by examining the response of each of the corresponding mRNAs to glucocorticoids in murine thymocytes. With the exception of two, all cDNAs correspond to genes that are induced by glucocorticoids in murine thymocytes within 4 h of treatment. We previously identified two of the cDNAs as the mouse VL30 retrovirus-like element and the mouse homolog of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein. We have now identified four additional cDNA clones that correspond to the genes for calmodulin, mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein, immunoglobulin (Ig)-related glycoprotein (GP-70), and the 70 kilodalton autoantigen for Lupus and Graves diseases. Two other cDNA clones represent previously undescribed genes: one shares a high similarity to known sequences for the family of G-protein-coupled receptors and the other to a human placental-specific protein, PP11. Another cDNA appears to contain sequences for an unknown gene and the remnants of a mouse transposon. ETn. The remaining clones represent new, unidentified genes induced by glucocorticoids in murine thymocytes and in the WEHI-7TG cell line.
Heteroduplex analysis in hemophilia B : Detection of two novel factor IX gene mutations

Heteroduplex analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified factor IX (FIX) sequences in eight hemophilia B pedigrees localized the causative hemophilia mutation to a single exon in each case. Subsequent PCR-based direct DNA sequence analysis identified two novel FIX mutations and six recurrent mutations. Three of the eight pedigrees represent sporadic hemophilia B, and direct mutation analysis facilitated hemophilia carrier diagnosis in each case.
A Flexible Automatic Lens Correction Procedure

Since the advent of high-speed automatic computing machinery, workers in the field of optical design have been intrigued by the idea of automating the lens design process. Various methods have been proposed and tested. Most of these, in the author’s view, do not allow sufficient control to be exercised over the nature of the design solution. Those which do allow such control appear to be inefficient because of slow convergence to a solution. This paper describes a correction procedure which permits a high degree of control over the nature of the design solution and which has shown a reasonably good rate of convergence in a limited number of tests. The operation of a computer program to carry out the procedure is described, and the results of a typical design problem are presented.
Alterations in Lactoferrin in Salivary Gland Disease

During the active phase of chronic recurrent parotitis there is a marked elevation in the parotid concentration of lactoferrin (Lf), and iron-binding glycoprotein with antibacterial properties. The Lf concentration decreases during the recovery period, but still remains above normal levels. The changes of Lf in parotitis parallel recent findings in mastitis and pancreatitis. Elevations in Lf were also noted in five of six subjects with Sjogren's disease, but not in subjects with sarcoidosis, diabetes or "dry mouth" without sialographic changes. The source of the Lf has not been determined; it could arise in part from disrupting polymorphonuclear leucocytes and in part from epithelial cells that synthesize Lf in the salivary glands. Inflammatory stimulation of Lf synthesis would suggest a basic protective mechanism in exocrine glands and should be fully explored.
Molecular and particulate contaminants - A contamination data base within ENVIRONET

The Space Transportation System contamination environment appears in the ENVIRONET data base in two parallel chapters, Molecular Contamination and Particulate Environment. The design objectives and a description of the content of this contamination data base are presented. A treatment of the use of the data base is intended to interest the reader in accessing and browsing these chapters. Future plans are discussed briefly, with the emphasis on the approach to providing a dynamic data base.
Fast initial response for CUSUM quality-control schemes: give your CUSUM a head start

The fast initial response (FIR) feature for cumulative sum (CUSUM) quality-control schemes permits a more rapid response to an initial out-of-control situation than does a standard CUSUM quality-control scheme. This feature is especially valuable at start-up or after a CUSUM has given an out-of-control signal. This article presents the average run length and the distribution of run length for CUSUM schemes with the FIR feature and compares FIR CUSUM schemes to standard CUSUM schemes. The comparisons show that if the process starts out in control, the fast initial response feature has little effect; however, if the process mean is not at the desired level, an out-of-control signal will be given faster when the FIR feature is used.
Poly(β‐pinenes) carrying one, two, and three functional end groups. II. Syntheses and characterization

Conditions for the convenient synthesis of linear poly(β-pinenes) that carry one or two tert-chloro end groups (∼Clt) and three-arm star poly(β-pinenes) that carry three termini have been worked out. Specifically, the polymer with one ∼Clt end group was prepared by the H2O/BCl3 system, whereas those with two and three ∼Clt termini were prepared by the use of p-dicumyl chloride and sym-tricumyl chloride/BCl3 inifer combinations. The ∼Clt-terminated polymers were dehydro-chlorinated to yield the corresponding olefins. The molecular weights of the products were low enough to permit infrared (IR) and quantitative 1H-NMR investigations. Poly(β-pinene-b-tetrahydrofuran) diblock copolymers have been synthesized by inducing the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) by the PβClt/AgCF3SO3 initiating system.
Upper Respiratory Infections

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are infections of the mouth, nose, throat, larynx (voice box), and trachea (windpipe). This article outlines the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management of URIs, including nasopharyngitis (common cold), sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and laryngotracheitis.
Preparation of acicular particles of α-alumina

Aluminum ammonium sulfate (AA) solution (0.1 mol/l) and ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) solution (1.2 mol/l) were allowed to react at room temperature. The precipitates formed were kept with the mother liquor in a closed vessel and aged at 100 °C. Acicular-shaped crystalline particles of Al(NH4)CO3(OH)2, (AACH), were obtained after the elongated aging period. Acicular α-alumina particles were obtained through the thermal decomposition at 1300 °C out of the AACH particles which were previously treated with a small amount of tetraethoxysilane (about 1.6 wt. % of SiO2).